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Scopus	2-s2.0-77951687163	Germplasm evaluation and enhancement for the development of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp dual-purpose F2 genotypes	Moalafi A.I., Asiwe J.A.N., Funnah S.M.	2010	African Journal of Agricultural Research	5	7	None	ARC-Grain Crops Institute, Private Bag X 1251, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Department of Plant Production, University of North West, Mafikeng 2120, South Africa	Moalafi, A.I., ARC-Grain Crops Institute, Private Bag X 1251, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Asiwe, J.A.N., ARC-Grain Crops Institute, Private Bag X 1251, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Funnah, S.M., Department of Plant Production, University of North West, Mafikeng 2120, South Africa	Cowpea is an important grain legume as well as fodder crop, especially in the dry regions of South Africa. The production of this crop has been below average because of low genetic variation and cultivation of poor-yielding varieties which have not been improved. The potentials of cowpea F2 generation arising from crosses made from 55 exotic parental lines, introduced into South Africa were determined. F1 lines derived from the crosses were advanced to F2 lines in the glass-house, and the segregating F2 families were further evaluated in the field with their parental lines. The following data were collected from the progeny: number of pods per plant, 100 seed-weights, fodder yield, grain yield and harvest index. Results showed that F2 lines exhibited significant differences on all the parameters studied thus indicating the presence of genetic variability among the segregating progeny. Number of pods per plant, 100 seed-weight and harvest index showed higher significant differences. The F2 lines obtained a significant increase in number of pods per plant as compared to their parents, thus indicating the potentials of progeny for higher pod production. Harvest index for F2 lines varied between 0.16 and 0.60 (dual-purpose type), and are mostly medium cowpea types with dual purpose characteristics for producing grain for human consumption and fodder for livestock. These parameters should therefore receive highest priority in developing high yielding dual-purpose varieties. There are several promising F2 progenies which performed exceedingly well over the parents, so further screening is essential until their full potential is attained. © 2010 Academic Journals.	100 seed-weights; Dual-purpose; Germplasm; Harvest index; Segregating population; Vigna unguiculata	Animalia; Vigna unguiculata	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84869748833	Imidazopyridine-based inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase 3: Synthesis and evaluation of amide isostere replacements of the carboxamide scaffold	Yngve U., Söderman P., Svensson M., Rosqvist S., Arvidsson P.I.	2012	Chemistry and Biodiversity	9	11	10.1002/cbdv.201200308	Medicinal Chemistry IScience, CNSP IMed, AstraZeneca RandD Södertälje, SE-151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Neuroscience IScience, CNSP IMed, AstraZeneca RandD Södertälje, SE-151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Project Management, CNSP IMed, AstraZeneca RandD Södertälje, SE-151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa	Yngve, U., Medicinal Chemistry IScience, CNSP IMed, AstraZeneca RandD Södertälje, SE-151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Söderman, P., Medicinal Chemistry IScience, CNSP IMed, AstraZeneca RandD Södertälje, SE-151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Svensson, M., Medicinal Chemistry IScience, CNSP IMed, AstraZeneca RandD Södertälje, SE-151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Rosqvist, S., Neuroscience IScience, CNSP IMed, AstraZeneca RandD Södertälje, SE-151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Arvidsson, P.I., Project Management, CNSP IMed, AstraZeneca RandD Södertälje, SE-151 85 Södertälje, Sweden, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden, School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa	In this study, we explored the effect of bioisostere replacement in a series of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) inhibitors based on the imidazopyridine core. The synthesis and biological evaluation of a number of novel sulfonamide, 1,2,4-oxadiazole, and thiazole derivates as amide bioisosteres, as well as a computational rationalization of the obtained results are reported. © 2012 Verlag Helvetica Chimica Acta AG, Zürich.	1,2,4-Oxadiazoles; Bioisosteres; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 (GSK3); Imidazopyridine; Inhibitors; Sulfonamides; Thiazoles	1,2,4 oxadiazole derivative; 2 [4 (morpholin 4 ylmethyl)phenyl] 7 [2 (piperidin 1 yl) 1,3 thiazol 4 yl] 3h imidazo[4,5 b]pyridine hydrochloride; 2 [4 (morpholin 4 ylmethyl)phenyl] 7 [3 (propan 2 yl) 1,2,4 oxadiazol 5 yl] 3h imidazo[4,5 b]pyridine hydrochloride; 2 [4 (morpholin 4 ylmethyl)phenyl] 7 [3 (pyridin 3 yl) 1,2,4 oxadiazol 5 yl] 3h imidazo[4,5 b]pyridine hydrochloride; 3 [4[[2 [4 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl] 3h imidazo[4,5 b]pyridin 7 yl]sulfonyl]piperazin 1 yl]propanenitrile; 7 [2 (morpholin 4 yl) 1,3 thiazol 4 yl] 2 [4 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl] 3h imidazo[4,5 b]pyridine hydrochloride; 7 [2 (piperidin 1 yl) 1,3 thiazol 4 yl] 2 [4 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl] 3h imidazo[4,5 b]pyridine hydrochloride; 7 [3 (2 methoxyethyl) 1,2,4 oxadiazol 5 yl] 2 [4 (morpholin 4 ylmethyl)phenyl] 3h imidazo[4,5 b]pyridine hydrochloride; amide; glycogen synthase kinase 3 inhibitor; imidazopyridine derivative; n (2 hydroxy 1 phenylethyl) 2 [4 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl] 3h imidazo[4,5 b]pyridine 7 sulfonamide hydrochloride; n (2 methoxyethyl) n methyl 2 [4 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl] 3h imidazo[4,5 b]pyridine 7 sulfonamide hydrochloride; n (3 methoxypropyl) 2 [4 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl] 3h imidazo[4,5 b]pyridine 7 sulfonamide hydrochloride; n [3 (1h imidazol 1 yl)propyl] 2 [4 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl] 3h imidazo[4,5 b]pyridine 7 sulfonamide hydrochloride; n cyclopentyl 2 [4 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl] 3h imidazo[4,5 b]pyridine 7 sulfonamide hydrochloride; thiazole derivative; unclassified drug; article; drug design; drug potency; drug screening; drug stability; drug structure; drug synthesis; drug transformation; human; human cell; Drug Design; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; Humans; Molecular Dynamics Simulation; Oxadiazoles; Pyridines; Sulfonamides; Thiazoles	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84944878449	Synthesis and antioxidant evaluation of novel phenothiazine linked substitutedbenzylideneamino-1,2,4-triazole derivatives	Maddila S., Momin M., Gorle S., Palakondu L., Jonnalagadda S.B.	2015	Journal of the Chilean Chemical Society	60	2	10.4067/s0717-97072015000200012	School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Chiltern Hills, Private Bag 54001, Durban, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, Annamacharya Institute of Technology and Sciences, J.N.T. University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India; Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Chilten Hills, Durban, South Africa	Maddila, S., School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Chiltern Hills, Private Bag 54001, Durban, South Africa; Momin, M., School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Chiltern Hills, Private Bag 54001, Durban, South Africa; Gorle, S., Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Chilten Hills, Durban, South Africa; Palakondu, L., Department of Chemistry, Annamacharya Institute of Technology and Sciences, J.N.T. University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India; Jonnalagadda, S.B., School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Chiltern Hills, Private Bag 54001, Durban, South Africa	A series of novel 5-((10H-phenothiazin-10yl)methyl)-4-(substitutedbenzylideneamino)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol derivatives (6a-i) have been synthesized from compound (1) through a multi-step reaction. The key intermediate (5) afforded a series of title compounds (6a-i) on condensation with various suitable aldehydes in the presence of H2SO4. The structures of novel compounds were characterized based on their elemental analysis, IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and MS spectral data. All these novel compounds were screened for their in vitro antioxidant activity by employing nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide, and DPPH radical scavenging assays. The compounds 6d, 6e and 6i demonstrated potent antioxidant activity as these contain the electron-releasing groups.	1,2,4-triazole; Anti-oxidant activity; Phenothiazines; Synthesis	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77955000621	Evaluation of lyophilized and non lyophilized toxins from trichoderma species for the control of ceratocystis paradoxa	Eziashi E.I., Uma N.U., Adekunle A.A., Airede C.E., Odigie E.E.	2010	African Journal of Agricultural Research	5	13	None	Nigerian Institute for Oil Palm Research (NIFOR), Plant Pathology Division, P. M. B. 1030, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria; Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Lagos, Akoka, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria	Eziashi, E.I., Nigerian Institute for Oil Palm Research (NIFOR), Plant Pathology Division, P. M. B. 1030, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria; Uma, N.U., Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Lagos, Akoka, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria; Adekunle, A.A., Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Lagos, Akoka, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria; Airede, C.E., Nigerian Institute for Oil Palm Research (NIFOR), Plant Pathology Division, P. M. B. 1030, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria; Odigie, E.E., Nigerian Institute for Oil Palm Research (NIFOR), Plant Pathology Division, P. M. B. 1030, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria	Lyophilized and non-lyophilized toxins produced from Trichoderma species were investigated against Ceratocystis paradoxa mycelial growth at different concentrations in-vitro. Lyophilized toxin inhibition on C. paradoxa by T. viride (28.14 and 28.14%) and T. polysporum (28.88 and 28.88%) at 70 and 100% concentrations were significant (p = 0.005) compared with T. hamatum (20.37 and 21.48%) and T. aureoviride (20.00 and 20.37%) six days after incubation. Non-lyophilized phytotoxin inhibition on C. paradoxa mycelia by T. viride (21.85 and 23.335%) and T. polysporum (22.22 and 22.59%) at 70 and 100% were also significant (p = 0.005) when compared with T. hamatum (16.29 and 18.14%) and T. aureoviride (17.03 and 17.77%) 6 days after incubation. The mycelial growth of C. paradoxa was stimulated by T. hamatum and T. aureoviride at 20 and 50% concentrations with lyophilized and non-lyophilized phytotoxins. The lyophilized phytotoxin exhibited better control of C. paradoxa compared with non-lyophilized and the control treatments. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, column fraction isolated from T. viride Rf value 0.51 was deduced to be 1, 2-benzendicaboxylic acid. It is responsible for the inhibitory action on C. paradoca mycelia. This compound produced by T. viride depended on type of fungus strain and standard used. © 2010 Academic Journals.	1, 2-benzendicarboxylic acid; GC-Ms; Inhibition; Mycelia	Ceratocystis paradoxa; Fungi; Trichoderma; Trichoderma aureoviride; Trichoderma hamatum; Trichoderma viride	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77949488600	Synthesis and evaluation of SQ109 analogues as potential anti-tuberculosis candidates	Onajole O.K., Govender P., Helden P.D.v., Kruger H.G., Maguire G.E.M., Wiid I., Govender T.	2010	European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry	45	5	10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.01.046	School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; School of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa; School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa	Onajole, O.K., School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Govender, P., School of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Helden, P.D.v., Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa; Kruger, H.G., School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Maguire, G.E.M., School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Wiid, I., Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa; Govender, T., School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa	As part of an ongoing project to develop highly potent anti-tuberculosis therapeutics, six SQ109 derivatives were synthesized and screened in vitro for their anti-tuberculosis activity against the ATCC strain H37Rv and the extensively drug-resistant clinical strain XDR 173. Compound 16 with an extended alkene chain was the most active against both strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis within a MIC range of 0.5-0.25 μM. Compound 12 and SQ109 were potent within a MIC range of 1-0.5 μM, whilst compound 18 displayed an activity within the MIC range of 0.5-2 μM against both Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. © 2010 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.	1,2 Cage diamine; Anti-tuberculosis (TB); SQ109; XDR	n (2 adamantyl) n' geranylethylenediamine; n (3,7 dimethyloctyl) n' (1 adamantyl)ethane 1,2 diamine; n (3,7 dimethyloctyl) n' (2 adamantyl)ethane 1,2 diamine; n (3,7,11 trimethyldodecyl) n' (2 adamantyl)ethane 1,2 diamine; n farnesyl n' (2 adamantyl)ethane 1,2 diamine; n geranyl n' (1 adamantyl)ethane 1,2 diamine; tuberculostatic agent; unclassified drug; antimicrobial activity; article; bacterial strain; drug potency; drug resistant tuberculosis; drug screening; drug structure; drug synthesis; in vitro study; minimum inhibitory concentration; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; nonhuman; structure activity relation; Adamantane; Antitubercular Agents; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Ethylenediamines; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Molecular Structure; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Stereoisomerism	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84947931377	Synthesis and preliminary biological evaluation of 1,3,5-triazine amino acid derivatives to study their MAO inhibitors	Khattab S.N., Khalil H.H., Bekhit A.A., El-Rahman M.M.A., El-Faham A., Albericio F.	2015	Molecules	20	9	10.3390/molecules200915976	Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P. O. Box 426, Ibrahimia, Alexandria, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Institute for Research in Biomedicine, CIBER-BBN, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain	Khattab, S.N., Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P. O. Box 426, Ibrahimia, Alexandria, Egypt; Khalil, H.H., Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P. O. Box 426, Ibrahimia, Alexandria, Egypt; Bekhit, A.A., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; El-Rahman, M.M.A., Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P. O. Box 426, Ibrahimia, Alexandria, Egypt; El-Faham, A., Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P. O. Box 426, Ibrahimia, Alexandria, Egypt, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Albericio, F., Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, CIBER-BBN, Barcelona, Spain, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain	Three series of 4,6-dimethoxy-, 4,6-dipiperidino- and 4,6-dimorpholino-1,3,5-triazin- 2-yl) amino acid derivatives were synthesized and characterized. A preliminary study for their monoamine oxidase inhibitory activity showed that compounds 7, 18, and 25 had MAO-A inhibition activity comparable to that of the standard clorgyline, with apparently more selective inhibitory activity toward MAO-A than MAO-B and no significant acute toxicity.	1,3,5-triazine derivatives; Amino acids; Monoamine oxidase; Morpholine; Piperidine	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953725149	Evaluation of the 137Cs activity-depth profiles by the diffusion-convection model	Ajayi I.R., Raji A.T.	2010	International Journal of Physical Sciences	5	2	None	Deparment of Physics and Electronics, Adekunle Ajasin University Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria; Department of Physics, University of Cape Town, South Africa	Ajayi, I.R., Deparment of Physics and Electronics, Adekunle Ajasin University Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria; Raji, A.T., Department of Physics, University of Cape Town, South Africa	The diffusion-convection model of 137Cs transport has been used to evaluate the activity-depth profiles of soils in southwestern Nigeria in this study. The experimentally determined depth profiles were fitted into the diffusion-convection equation to obtain the diffusion coefficient D and the convective velocity u. Results obtained showed that the range of the diffusion coefficient was 0.72 - 1.02 cm2 per year while that of the convective velocity was from 0.07 to 0.16 cm per year. It was observed that the diffusion coefficient is higher than the convective velocity in all the sampling points. The low convective velocities obtained in all the locations may imply that convective rates of the radionuclide within the soil layers are insignificant compared to the diffusion rates. © 2010 Academic Journals.	137Cs activity; Convective velocity; Diffusion coefficient; Radionuclide; Soil depth	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33846901149	Long-term impacts of anthropogenic perturbations on dynamics and speciation of organic carbon in tropical forest and subtropical grassland ecosystems	Solomon D., Lehmann J., Kinyangi J., Amelung W., Lobe I., Pell A., Riha S., Ngoze S., Verchot L., Mbugua D., Skjemstad J., Schäfer T.	2007	Global Change Biology	13	2	10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01304.x	Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States; Department of Soil Science and Soil Ecology, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany; UFZ Centre for Environmental Research, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany; International Centre for Research in Agroforestry, PO Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya; CSIRO Land and Water, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia; Institute for Nuclear Waste Management, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany	Solomon, D., Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States; Lehmann, J., Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States; Kinyangi, J., Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States; Amelung, W., Department of Soil Science and Soil Ecology, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany; Lobe, I., UFZ Centre for Environmental Research, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany; Pell, A., Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States; Riha, S., Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States; Ngoze, S., Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States; Verchot, L., International Centre for Research in Agroforestry, PO Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya; Mbugua, D., International Centre for Research in Agroforestry, PO Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya; Skjemstad, J., CSIRO Land and Water, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia; Schäfer, T., Institute for Nuclear Waste Management, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany	Anthropogenic perturbations have profoundly modified the Earth's biogeochemical cycles, the most prominent of these changes being manifested by global carbon (C) cycling. We investigated long-term effects of human-induced land-use and land-cover changes from native tropical forest (Kenya) and subtropical grassland (South Africa) ecosystems to agriculture on the dynamics and structural composition of soil organic C (SOC) using elemental analysis and integrated 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) and synchrotron-based Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflectance (Sr-FTIR-ATR) spectroscopy. Anthropogenic interventions led to the depletion of 76%, 86% and 67% of the total SOC; and 77%, 85% and 66% of the N concentrations from the surface soils of Nandi, Kakamega and the South African sites, respectively, over a period of up to 100 years. Significant proportions of the total SOC (46-73%) and N (37-73%) losses occurred during the first 4 years of conversion indicating that these forest- and grassland-derived soils contain large amounts of labile soil organic matter (SOM), potentially vulnerable to degradation upon human-induced land-use and land-cover changes. Anthropogenic perturbations altered not only the C sink capacity of these soils, but also the functional group composition and dynamics of SOC with time, rendering structural composition of the resultant organic matter in the agricultural soils to be considerably different from the SOM under natural forest and grassland ecosystems. These molecular level compositional changes were manifested: (i) by the continued degradation of O-alkyl and acetal-C structures found in carbohydrate and holocellulose biomolecules, some labile aliphatic-C functionalities, (ii) by side-chain oxidation of phenylpropane units of lignin and (iii) by the continued aromatization and aliphatization of the humic fractions possibly through selective accumulation of recalcitrant H and C substituted aryl-C and aliphatic-C components such as (poly)-methylene units, respectively. These changes appeared as early as the fourth year after transition, and their intensity increased with duration of cultivation until a new quasi-equilibrium of SOC was approached at about 20 years after conversion. However, subtle but persistent changes in molecular structures of the resultant SOM continued long after (up to 100 years) a steady state for SOC was approached. These molecular level changes in the inherent structural composition of SOC may exert considerable influence on biogeochemical cycling of C and bioavailability of essential nutrients present in association with SOM, and may significantly affect the sustainability of agriculture as well as potentials of the soils to sequester C in these tropical and subtropical highland agroecosystems. © 2007 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.	13C NMR; Carbon sequestration; Deforestation; Land-use change; NEXAFS; Organic matter composition; Sr-FTIR-ATR; Synchrotron radiation	agricultural land; anthropogenic effect; carbon sequestration; carbon sink; deforestation; FTIR spectroscopy; grassland; land use change; nuclear magnetic resonance; organic carbon; soil carbon; subtropical region; tropical forest; Africa; East Africa; Kakamega; Kenya; Nandi; Rift Valley; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Western Province [Kenya]	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67349149123	Nitrogen rhizodeposition from soybean (Glycine max) and its impact on nutrient budgets in two contrasting environments of the Guinean savannah zone of Nigeria	Laberge G., Franke A.C., Ambus P., Høgh-Jensen H.	2009	Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems	84	1	10.1007/s10705-008-9225-8	Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegård Allé 9, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark; International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Oyo Road, Ibadan, Nigeria; C/o Lambourn Ltd., Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall	Laberge, G., Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegård Allé 9, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark; Franke, A.C., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Oyo Road, Ibadan, Nigeria, C/o Lambourn Ltd., Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Road, Croydon CR9 3EE, United Kingdom, Plant Research International, Department of Agrosystems Research, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P. O. Box 16, Wageningen 6700 AA, Netherlands; Ambus, P., Plant Research International, Department of Agrosystems Research, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P. O. Box 16, Wageningen 6700 AA, Netherlands; Høgh-Jensen, H., Risoe National Laboratory, Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksborgvej 399, Roskilde 4000, Denmark	Nitrogen (N) rhizodeposition by grain legumes such as soybean is potentially a large but neglected source of N in cropping systems of Sub-Saharan Africa. Field studies were conducted to measure soybean N rhizodeposition in two environments of the Guinean savannah of Nigeria using 15N leaf labelling techniques. The first site was located in Ibadan in the humid derived savannah. The second site was in Zaria in the drier Northern Guinean savannah. Soybean N rhizodeposition in the top 0.30 m of soil varied from 7.5 kg ha -1 on a diseased crop in Ibadan to 33 kg ha-1 in Zaria. More than two-thirds of soybean belowground N was contained in the rhizodeposits at crop physiological maturity, while the rest was found in the recoverable roots. Belowground plant-derived N was found to constitute 16-23% of the total soybean N. Taking rhizodeposited pools into account led to N budgets close to zero when all residues were removed. If residues were left in the field or recycled as manure after being fed to steers, soybean cultivation led to positive N budgets of up to +95 kg N ha-1. The role and potential of grain legumes as N purveyors have been underestimated in the past by neglecting the N contained in their rhizodeposits. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	15N; Glycine max; Guinean savannah; Leaf labelling; Legumes; Nitrogen; Promiscuous soybean; Rhizodeposition; Roots	belowground biomass; cropping practice; nitrogen cycle; nutrient budget; root system; savanna; soybean; Africa; Ibadan; Kaduna [Nigeria]; Nigeria; Oyo; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Zaria; Glycine max	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-39849103457	Farmers' agronomic and social evaluation of productivity, yield and N 2-fixation in different cowpea varieties and their subsequent residual N effects on a succeeding maize crop	Adjei-Nsiah S., Kuyper T.W., Leeuwis C., Abekoe M.K., Cobbinah J., Sakyi-Dawson O., Giller K.E.	2008	Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems	80	3	10.1007/s10705-007-9133-3	Agricultural Research Centre-Kade, Institute of Agricultural Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Department of Soil Quality, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, Wageningen 6708 PB, Netherlands; P.O. Box 47, Wageningen 6700 AA, Netherlands; Communication and Innovation Studies Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands; Department of Soil Science, School of Agriculture, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Sector, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Accra, Ghana; Department of Agricultural Extension, School of Agriculture, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Plant Production Systems Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands	Adjei-Nsiah, S., Agricultural Research Centre-Kade, Institute of Agricultural Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Kuyper, T.W., Department of Soil Quality, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, Wageningen 6708 PB, Netherlands, P.O. Box 47, Wageningen 6700 AA, Netherlands; Leeuwis, C., Communication and Innovation Studies Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands; Abekoe, M.K., Department of Soil Science, School of Agriculture, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Cobbinah, J., Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Sector, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Accra, Ghana; Sakyi-Dawson, O., Department of Agricultural Extension, School of Agriculture, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Giller, K.E., Plant Production Systems Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands	Cowpea-maize rotations form an important component of the farming systems of smallholder farmers in the forest/savannah transitional agro-ecological zone of Ghana. We evaluated five cowpea varieties for grain yield, N 2-fixation, biomass production, and contribution to productivity of subsequent maize grown in rotation. We further analyzed the interrelationship between these technical dimensions and the social acceptability of these cowpea varieties for farmers. Cowpea grain yield ranged between 1.1 and 1.4 t ha -1 with no significant yield differences among the different varieties. Using the 15N natural abundance technique, the average proportion of N2 fixed ranged between 61% for Ayiyi and 77% for Legon prolific. This resulted in average amounts of N2 fixed in above-ground biomass ranging between 32 and 67 kg N ha-1, respectively. Variation in estimates due to differences in δ15N among reference plants were larger than differences between cowpea varieties. The amount of soil-derived N ranged from 15 to 20 kg N ha-1. The above-ground net N contribution of the cowpea varieties to the soil (after adjusting for N export in grains) was highest for Legon Prolific (31 kg N ha-1) due to high N2-fixation and high leaf biomass production. Maize grain yield after cowpea without application of mineral N fertilizer ranged between 0.4 t ha-1 with maize after maize to 1.5 t ha-1 with Legon Prolific. The N fertilizer equivalence values for the cowpea varieties ranged between 18 and 60 kg N ha-1. IT810D-1010 was ranked by the farmers as the most preferred cowpea variety due to its white seed type, short-duration, ease of harvesting and good market value. Despite the high leaf biomass production and high amount of N2 fixed by Legon Prolific, it was generally the least preferred variety due to lower market price, late maturity, least potential cash income (due to the red mottled seed type) and difficulty in harvesting. Although farmers recognized the contribution of cowpea to soil fertility and yields of subsequent maize, they did not consider this as an important criterion for varietal selection. Soil fertility improvement must be considered as an additional benefit rather than a direct selection criterion when designing more sustainable smallholder farming systems. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	15N natural abundance; Crop rotations; Forage cowpea; Marketability	aboveground biomass; agricultural management; agroecology; crop production; crop rotation; crop yield; farmers knowledge; farming system; legume; maize; nitrogen fixation; Africa; Ghana; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34548847508	Personality and academic performance of three cohorts of veterinary students in South Africa	Van Der Walt H.S., Pickworth G.	2007	Journal of Veterinary Medical Education	34	3	10.3138/jvme.34.3.356	P.O. Box 15547, Sinoville, Pretoria 0129, South Africa; Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa	Van Der Walt, H.S., P.O. Box 15547, Sinoville, Pretoria 0129, South Africa; Pickworth, G., Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa	To aid in selecting students for admission to undergraduate veterinary training, admissions procedures often take into account students' previous academic performance as well as the results of an interview. The study reported here investigated the relationship between personality and academic success. Students from three entry cohorts to the second year of study of a six-year BVSc program at the University of Pretoria completed the 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire. A meta-analytic approach was used to estimate the relationship between academic performance in two major final-year subjects and academic performance on entry, an interview score, and the personality factors. The study confirmed the value of previous academic performance and the interview in selecting students for the veterinary degree program. The findings also indicate that the inclusion of a measure of intellectual ability could be of value. The value of various personality characteristics in predicting good study habits and examination performance is highlighted by the study results: students were more successful if they were conscientious, emotionally stable, socially adept, self-disciplined, practical rather than imaginative, and relaxed rather than anxious. It appears worthwhile to consider including an appropriate personality questionnaire in the selection process to improve the accuracy of predictions of students' success. A sound personality make-up will not only increase the likelihood of academic success but should also be beneficial in the successful management of a veterinary practice and in enjoying veterinary science as a career. © 2007 AAVMC.	16 Personality factor questionnaire; Personality and academic performance; Veterinary medical education	article; clinical competence; cohort analysis; education; educational status; human; personality; professional competence; psychological aspect; South Africa; standard; statistics; student; veterinary medicine; Clinical Competence; Cohort Studies; Educational Measurement; Educational Status; Humans; Personality; Professional Competence; South Africa; Students; Veterinary Medicine	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84964890438	Performance analysis of a WCDMA system model in a low mobility and indoor environments with channel coding over additive white Gaussian noise channel	Ombongi F.O., Kibet P.L., Musyoki S.	2015	International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa	15	None	10.4028/www.scientific.net/JERA.15.123	Department of Telecommunication and Information Engineering, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000, Nairobi, Kenya	Ombongi, F.O., Department of Telecommunication and Information Engineering, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000, Nairobi, Kenya; Kibet, P.L., Department of Telecommunication and Information Engineering, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000, Nairobi, Kenya; Musyoki, S., Department of Telecommunication and Information Engineering, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000, Nairobi, Kenya	This paper has analyzed the performance a Wireless Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) system model at a data rate of 384kbps and 2Mbps over an Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel. The signal was modulated by Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) and Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) with modulation order, M=16. The performance of the system was enhanced by implementing convolution coding scheme. This study was important as it formed a basis through which the performance analysis can be extended to Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks which have data rates starting from 1Mbps to as high as 100Mbps. The performance of the WCDMA at these data rates was seen to improve when convolutional coding scheme was implemented. Since the Shannon capacity formula depends on the BER of a system then this improvement means an additional capacity in the channel and this can accommodate more users in the channel. The results have further shown that the choice of a modulation technique depending on the throughput required affects the BER performance of the system. Therefore, there must be a trade-off between the throughput required, the modulation format to be used and the pulse shaping filter parameters. © (2015) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.	16-QAM; Additive white Gaussian noise; Bit Error Rate; Data Rate; Quadrature Phase Shift Keying; Wideband Code Division Multiple Access	Additive noise; Amplitude modulation; Bit error rate; Channel capacity; Code division multiple access; Codes (symbols); Convolution; Decoding; Economic and social effects; Error statistics; Gaussian distribution; Long Term Evolution (LTE); Mobile telecommunication systems; Modulation; Optical communication; Phase shift; Phase shift keying; Phase shifters; Pulse shaping; Quadrature amplitude modulation; Quadrature phase shift keying; White noise; Wireless telecommunication systems; 16-QAM; Additive White Gaussian noise; Additive white Gaussian noise channel; Data rates; Modulation techniques; Quadrature phaseshift keying (QPSK); Quadrature-amplitude modulations (QAM); Wideband code division multiple access; Gaussian noise (electronic)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-50949099887	Evaluation of different methods for the detection and identification of Enterobacter sakazakii isolated from South African infant formula milks and the processing environment	Cawthorn D.-M., Botha S., Witthuhn R.C.	2008	International Journal of Food Microbiology	127	42371	10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.06.024	Department of Food Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa	Cawthorn, D.-M., Department of Food Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Botha, S., Department of Food Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Witthuhn, R.C., Department of Food Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa	Enterobacter sakazakii is an emerging pathogen associated with life-threatening neonatal infections resulting from the consumption of contaminated powdered infant formula milk (IFM). Recent taxonomic analyses have determined that E. sakazakii comprises a number of genomospecies, and it has been proposed that E. sakazakii be reclassified as a novel genus, "Cronobacter". Accurate methods are required for the rapid detection and identification of this group of micro-organisms, since even low cell numbers have been reported to cause disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate various E. sakazakii detection methods in order to ascertain the most suitable method for detection and identification of these pathogenic agents. Samples from IFM and the environment were evaluated for the presence of E. sakazakii using the isolation steps (pre-enrichment, enrichment and selection) described in the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) method for E. sakazakii detection. Sixty-four isolates (50 from IFM and 14 from the environment) were selected from tryptone soy agar (TSA), regardless of colony appearance, and these isolates were identified by 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequencing. Thereafter, different culture-dependent and culture-independent methods were evaluated to accurately detect and identify the E. sakazakii isolates. These methods included the assessment of yellow pigment production on TSA, typical colonies on chromogenic Druggan-Forsythe-Iversen (DFI) and Chromocult® Enterobacter sakazakii (CES) media and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using six different species-specific primer pairs described in the literature. Identification of E. sakazakii using yellow pigment production was demonstrated to have a low sensitivity, specificity and accuracy (87%, 71% and 74%, respectively), which lowers the suitability of the FDA method. Chromogenic DFI and CES media were sensitive, specific and accurate (100%, 98% and 98%, respectively) for the detection of E. sakazakii. The specificity of the PCR amplifications ranged from 8% to 92%, emphasising the need for rigorous primer testing against closely related species. Of the primer pairs evaluated, Esakf/Esakr were the most suitable for E. sakazakii detection and identification. The detection limit of Esakf/Esakr was found to be 104 CFU/ml. This study demonstrated that no single method was capable of unambiguously confirming the presence and identity of E. sakazakii isolates, that each method had inherent advantages and disadvantages, and that in most cases several methods were required for accurate detection and identification. Further, it was demonstrated that the current FDA method for E. sakazakii detection should be revised in the light of the availability of more sensitive, specific and accurate detection methods. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	16S rDNA; Chromogenic agar; Enterobacter sakazakii; Infant formula milk; PCR	DNA 16S; accuracy; analytic method; article; artificial milk; bacterium culture; bacterium detection; bacterium identification; bacterium isolate; bacterium isolation; colony forming unit; controlled study; DNA sequence; Enterobacter sakazakii; food and drug administration; nonhuman; nucleotide sequence; polymerase chain reaction; sensitivity and specificity; Chromogenic Compounds; Colony Count, Microbial; Consumer Product Safety; Culture Media; Enterobacter sakazakii; Environmental Microbiology; Food Contamination; Food Microbiology; Humans; Infant; Infant Food; Infant Formula; Infant, Newborn; Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sensitivity and Specificity; South Africa; Species Specificity; Time Factors; Enterobacter sakazakii	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-57149095641	Development of a water state index to assess the severity of impacts on and changes in natural water resources	Suridge A.K.J., Brent A.C.	2008	Water Science and Technology	58	8	10.2166/wst.2008.741	Department of Plant Production and Soil Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa; Graduate School of Technology Management, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Suridge, A.K.J., Department of Plant Production and Soil Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Brent, A.C., Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa, Graduate School of Technology Management, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Lifecycle assessment (LCA) is a standardised methodology that is used to assess the impact of techno-economic systems on the natural environment. By compiling an inventory of energy and material inputs and environmental releases or outputs of a system, and evaluating the potential environmental impacts associated with the inventory, one can make an informed decision regarding the sustainability of a techno-economic system in question. However, the current lifecycle impact assessment (LCIA) methodologies that form part of LCA studies do not effectively consider the impacts of techno-economic systems on ground and surface water resources in South Africa (and elsewhere). It is proposed that a microbiology based index method, similar to methods proposed for terrestrial resources, can establish the states of water resources for six classes of current economic exploitation: protected, moderate use, degraded, cultivated, plantation, and urban. It is further suggested that changes in these classes (and states) can be used meaningfully in LCIA methodologies to quantify the extent to which techno-economic interventions may alter natural water resources. Research is recommended to further improve the accuracy and reliability of the water state index. © IWA Publishing 2008.	16S rDNA; Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE); Environmental impact; Lifecycle assessment (LCA); Microbiology; Polymerase chain reaction (PCR); Water resources	ground water; surface water; accuracy; article; biodegradation; environmental impact assessment; environmental protection; life cycle assessment; microbial diversity; nonhuman; reliability; South Africa; sustainable development; terrestrial surface waters; tillage; urbanization; water quality; water supply; Conservation of Natural Resources; Environment; Water	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879543249	The impact of physico-chemical water quality parameters on bacterial diversity in the Vaal River, South Africa	Jordaan K., Bezuidenhout C.C.	2013	Water SA	39	3	10.4314/wsa.v39i3.7	School of Biological Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa	Jordaan, K., School of Biological Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Bezuidenhout, C.C., School of Biological Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa	This study aimed to identify bacterial community structures in the Vaal River using PCR-DGGE (polymerase chain reaction denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) and high-throughput sequencing. The impact of physico-chemical characteristics on bacterial structures was investigated through multivariate analysis. Samples were collected from 4 sampling stations along the Upper Vaal River during winter (June 2009) and summer (December 2010). Physico-chemical analysis was conducted on-site. Additional physico-chemical data were obtained from statutory bodies. DNA was directly isolated from water samples and PCR amplified using universal bacterial primer pairs. PCR products were subjected to DGGE fingerprinting and high-throughput sequencing, followed by Shannon-Weaver diversity calculations, cluster analysis and multivariate analysis. Physico-chemical parameters did not exceed the prescribed South African water quality standards for domestic use, aquatic ecosystems, livestock watering and irrigation. DGGE banding patterns revealed similar bacterial community structures for 3 of the 4 sampling stations. PCA and RDA indicated that pH, water temperature and inorganic nutrient concentrations could be used to explain changes in bacterial community structures. High-throughput sequencing data showed that bacterial assemblages were dominated by common freshwater groups: Cyanobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria. Other freshwater phyla such as Deltaproteobacteria, Epsilonbacteria, Acidobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, Flavobacteria and Fibrobacteres were found in low proportions. This study provides an overview of the dominant bacterial groups in the Upper Vaal River and the impact of environmental changes on bacterial diversity.	16S rDNA PCR-DGGE; Bacterial community structures; High-throughput sequencing; Multivariate analysis; Vaal River	Bacterial community structure; High-throughput sequencing; Multi variate analysis; PCR-DGGE; Vaal rivers; Agriculture; Cluster analysis; Electrophoresis; Multivariant analysis; pH effects; Polymerase chain reaction; Rivers; Social sciences; Water quality; Hydrochemistry; dominance; environmental change; microbial community; multivariate analysis; parameterization; physicochemical property; sampling; water quality; water temperature; South Africa; Vaal River	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84873540075	Combined 18F-Fluoride and 18F-FDG PET/CT scanning for evaluation of malignancy: Results of an international multicenter trial	Iagaru A., Mittra E., Mosci C., Dick D.W., Sathekge M., Prakash V., Iyer V., Lapa P., Isidoro J., De Lima J.M., Gambhir S.S.	2013	Journal of Nuclear Medicine	54	2	10.2967/jnumed.112.108803	Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, United States; Pretoria University Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa; Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Serviço de Medicina Nuclear, Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Departments of Radiology, Bioengineering, Materials Science, and Engineering, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States; Division of Nuclear Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Dr., Room H-0101, Stanford, CA 94305, United States	Iagaru, A., Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, United States, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Dr., Room H-0101, Stanford, CA 94305, United States; Mittra, E., Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, United States; Mosci, C., Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, United States; Dick, D.W., Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, United States; Sathekge, M., Pretoria University Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa; Prakash, V., Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Iyer, V., Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Lapa, P., Serviço de Medicina Nuclear, Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Isidoro, J., Serviço de Medicina Nuclear, Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; De Lima, J.M., Serviço de Medicina Nuclear, Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Gambhir, S.S., Departments of Radiology, Bioengineering, Materials Science, and Engineering, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States	18F-FDG PET/CT is used in a variety of cancers, but because of variable rates of glucose metabolism, not all cancers are reliably identified. 18F- PET/CT allows for the acquisition of highly sensitive and specific images of the skeleton. We prospectively evaluated combined 18F-/18F-FDG as a single PET/CT examination for evaluation of cancer patients and compared it with separate 18F - PET/CT and 18F-FDG PET/CT scans. Methods: One hundred fifteen participants with cancer were prospectively enrolled in an international multicenter trial evaluating 18F- PET/CT, 18F-FDG PET/CT, and combined 18F-/ 18F-FDG PET/CT. The 3 PET/CT scans were performed sequentially within 4 wk of one another for each patient. Results: 18F-/ 18FFDG PET/CT allowed for accurate interpretation of radiotracer uptake outside the skeleton, with findings similar to those of 18F-FDG PET/CT. In 19 participants, skeletal disease was more extensive on 18F- PET/CT and 18F -/18F-FDG PET/CT than on 18F-FDG PET/CT. In another 29 participants, 18F- PET/CT and 18F-/18F-FDG PET/CT showed osseous metastases where 18FFDG PET/CT was negative. The extent of skeletal lesions was similar in 18 participants on all 3 scans. Conclusion: This trial demonstrated that combined 18F-/18F-FDG PET/CT shows promising results when compared with separate 18F- PET/CT and 18F-FDG PET/CT for evaluation of cancer patients. This result opens the possibility for improved patient care and reduction in health-care costs, as will be further evaluated in future trials. Copyright © 2013 by the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Inc.	18F-FDG; 18F-; Cancer; PET/CT	fluorine 18; fluorodeoxyglucose f 18; diagnostic agent; fluorine; glucose; adult; aged; article; bone metastasis; cancer invasion; cancer patient; cancer staging; clinical evaluation; computer assisted emission tomography; controlled study; diagnostic accuracy; diagnostic imaging; diagnostic test accuracy study; dosimetry; female; human; image analysis; major clinical study; male; malignant neoplastic disease; multicenter study; outcome assessment; patient assessment; priority journal; prospective study; radiation dose distribution; bone; bone tumor; clinical trial; computer assisted tomography; image processing; international cooperation; metabolism; metastasis; methodology; middle aged; neoplasm; nuclear medicine; oncology; pilot study; positron emission tomography; reproducibility; scintiscanning; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bone and Bones; Bone Neoplasms; Female; Fluorine Radioisotopes; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Glucose; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; International Cooperation; Male; Medical Oncology; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms; Nuclear Medicine; Pilot Projects; Positron-Emission Tomography; Prospective Studies; Reproducibility of Results; Tomography, X-Ray Computed	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77954507345	Evaluation of glucose uptake by skeletal muscle tissue and subcutaneous fat in HIV-infected patients with and without lipodystrophy using FDG-PET	Sathekge M., Maes A., Kgomo M., Stolz A., Ankrah A., Van De Wiele C.	2010	Nuclear Medicine Communications	31	4	10.1097/MNM.0b013e3283359058	Department of Nuclear Medicine, Pretoria Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X169, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Internal Medicine, Louis Pasteur Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Nuclear Medicine, AZ Groeninge, Kortrijk, Belgium; Department of Morphology and Medical Imaging, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium	Sathekge, M., Department of Nuclear Medicine, Pretoria Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X169, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Maes, A., Department of Nuclear Medicine, AZ Groeninge, Kortrijk, Belgium, Department of Morphology and Medical Imaging, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Kgomo, M., Department of Internal Medicine, Louis Pasteur Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa; Stolz, A., Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Ankrah, A., Department of Nuclear Medicine, Pretoria Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X169, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Van De Wiele, C., Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium	Objective: To evaluate differences in glucose uptake by skeletal muscle tissue and subcutaneous fat in HIV patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) presenting with and without lipodystrophy as well as in drug-naive HIV patients using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography. Patients and methods: Thirty-nine consecutive patients suffering from HIV: seven drug-naive patients, 21 nonlipodystrophic patients on HAART and 11 patients on HAART, respectively, suffering from lipodystrophy were prospectively included. All patients underwent a whole-body FDG positron emission tomography examination. Standardized uptake values (SUV values) of muscle and subcutaneous fat were compared and related to demographic and biochemical variables. Results: SUV mean values of subcutaneous fat were significantly higher in patients under HAART presenting with lipodystrophy when compared with untreated and treated, nonlipodystrophic patients (P=0.000). SUV mean values of subcutaneous fat significantly correlated with treatment duration (r =0.56, P=0.000) and CD4 count (r=0.51, P= 0.001) and inversely correlated with viral load (r = -0.61, P=0.000). Finally, SUV mean values of thigh muscles were not significantly different between the three different patient groups under study. Conclusion: Quantitative FDG uptake by subcutaneous fat proved significantly higher in HIV patients under HAART presenting with lipodystrophy. HAART did not influence FDG uptake by human skeletal muscle tissue under basal conditions. © 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.	18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography; Highly active antiretroviral therapy; Lipodystrophy	didanosine; efavirenz; fluorodeoxyglucose f 18; lamivudine; nevirapine; stavudine; anti human immunodeficiency virus agent; diagnostic agent; fluorodeoxyglucose f 18; glucose; adult; article; clinical article; controlled study; glucose transport; highly active antiretroviral therapy; HIV associated lipodystrophy; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; patient monitoring; positron emission tomography; quantitative diagnosis; skeletal muscle; subcutaneous fat; virus load; adolescent; clinical trial; comparative study; cytology; drug effect; female; highly active antiretroviral therapy; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; insulin resistance; lipodystrophy; male; metabolism; middle aged; positron emission tomography; scintiscanning; skeletal muscle; subcutaneous fat; transport at the cellular level; treatment outcome; Adolescent; Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Biological Transport; Female; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Glucose; HIV Infections; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Lipodystrophy; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle, Skeletal; Positron-Emission Tomography; Subcutaneous Fat; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78751615380	Evaluation of a TaqMan real-time PCR for the detection of Theileria parva in buffalo and cattle	Papli N., Landt O., Fleischer C., Koekemoer J.O., Mans B.J., Pienaar R., Josemans A., Zweygarth E., Potgieter F., Latif A.A.	2011	Veterinary Parasitology	175	42433	10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.10.038	Onderstepoort Veterinary Instititute, Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa; TIB MOLBIOL Syntheselabor GmbH, Eresburgstraße 22-23, D-12103 Berlin, Germany	Papli, N., Onderstepoort Veterinary Instititute, Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa; Landt, O., TIB MOLBIOL Syntheselabor GmbH, Eresburgstraße 22-23, D-12103 Berlin, Germany; Fleischer, C., TIB MOLBIOL Syntheselabor GmbH, Eresburgstraße 22-23, D-12103 Berlin, Germany; Koekemoer, J.O., Onderstepoort Veterinary Instititute, Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa; Mans, B.J., Onderstepoort Veterinary Instititute, Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa; Pienaar, R., Onderstepoort Veterinary Instititute, Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa; Josemans, A., Onderstepoort Veterinary Instititute, Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa; Zweygarth, E., Onderstepoort Veterinary Instititute, Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa; Potgieter, F., Onderstepoort Veterinary Instititute, Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa; Latif, A.A., Onderstepoort Veterinary Instititute, Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa	A real-time PCR assay based on TaqMan probe chemistry was developed for the detection of Theileria parva DNA in blood samples. It uses a Theileria genus-specific PCR primer set and a T. parva-specific probe to amplify and hybridize with a species-specific part of the 18S rRNA gene of the parasite. The test was evaluated using positive and negative reference blood samples and shown to be specific for T. parva. Analytical sensitivity was determined by testing a dilution series of T. parva positive blood. It was shown to be able to detect parasitaemia as low as 2×10 -6%. The Taqman assay results were also compared with that obtained with the real-time hybridization probe PCR assay, which is currently employed as the official test for the diagnosis of T. parva infections in buffalo and cattle and was shown to be equally sensitive. A panel of 1164 field samples was screened using both assays and 164 samples tested positive in both tests, indicating a good correlation. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.	18s rRNA; Corridor disease; Hybridization probe; Real-time PCR; Sensitivity; Specificity; TaqMan probe; Theileria parva	RNA 18S; article; blood sampling; buffalo; cattle; controlled study; diagnostic accuracy; diagnostic test accuracy study; DNA determination; East Coast fever; hybridization polymerase chain reaction; intermethod comparison; nonhuman; nucleotide sequence; parasite identification; polymerase chain reaction; real time polymerase chain reaction; screening test; sensitivity and specificity; Theileria parva; Animals; Buffaloes; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; DNA, Protozoan; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Parasitemia; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Ribosomal, 18S; Sensitivity and Specificity; Species Specificity; Theileria parva; Theileriasis; Bos; Theileria; Theileria parva	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84869113671	Evaluation of the PC-SAFT, SAFT and CPA equations of state in predicting derivative properties of selected non-polar and hydrogen-bonding compounds	de Villiers A.J., Schwarz C.E., Burger A.J., Kontogeorgis G.M.	2013	Fluid Phase Equilibria	338	None	10.1016/j.fluid.2012.09.035	Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Center for Energy Resources Engineering (CERE), Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 229, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark	de Villiers, A.J., Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Schwarz, C.E., Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Burger, A.J., Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Kontogeorgis, G.M., Center for Energy Resources Engineering (CERE), Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 229, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark	In order to provide a comprehensive understanding of the potential and limitations of the PC-SAFT, SAFT and CPA equations-of-state, this study offers insight into their application for the prediction of derivative properties over extensive ranges of pressure and temperature. The ability of these models to predict selected properties (heat capacities, pressure-volume derivative, pressure-temperature derivative and speed of sound) are evaluated for n-alkanes and 1-acohols. For n-alkanes, it is shown that the cubic term of CPA is unable to describe the pressure-volume derivative at high pressures, which is a major shortcoming in predicting derivative properties compared to SAFT-based models. Although PC-SAFT and SAFT provide a substantially better prediction of the pressure-volume derivative than CPA, they are still not accurate enough to obtain good speed of sound predictions. All three models are unable to accurately correlate the isochoric heat capacity, indicating an incorrect temperature dependency in these models. PC-SAFT shows peculiar behaviour in the description of the isobaric heat capacity of alkanes that can be traced back to the incorrect description of the pressure-temperature derivative. For 1-alcohols, both CPA and PC-SAFT accurately predict the isobaric heat capacity when modelled with the 3B association scheme, while SAFT is unable to capture the singularities present in the property irrespective of the association scheme used. None of the models are able to predict the speed of sound accurately, because the terms describing physical interactions result in poor estimates of the pressure-volume derivative that governs the property. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.	1-Alcohols; CPA derivative properties; N-Alkanes; PC-SAFT; SAFT	1-Alcohols; CPA derivative properties; n-Alkanes; PC-SAFT; SAFT; Acoustic wave velocity; Hydrogen bonds; Models; Paraffins; Specific heat; Forecasting	None
None	None	Evaluation of detection methods for Campylobacter infections among under-fives in Mwanza City, Tanzania	Mushi M., Paterno L., Tappe D., Pendo A., Seni J., Moremi N., Mirambo M., Mshana S.	2014	Pan African Medical Journal	19	None	10.11604/pamj.2014.19.392.4242	Department of Microbiology/Immunology, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania; Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany; Department of Pediatric and Child Health, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania	Mushi, M., Department of Microbiology/Immunology, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania; Paterno, L., Department of Microbiology/Immunology, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania; Tappe, D., Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany; Pendo, A., Department of Pediatric and Child Health, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania; Seni, J., Department of Microbiology/Immunology, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania; Moremi, N., Department of Microbiology/Immunology, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania; Mirambo, M., Department of Microbiology/Immunology, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania; Mshana, S., Department of Microbiology/Immunology, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania	Introduction: Campylobacter species are recognized as a major cause of acute gastroenteritis in humans throughout the world. The diagnosis is mainly based on stool culture. This study was done to evaluate the effectiveness of staining methods (Gram stain using 0.3% carbol fuchsin as counter stain and 1% carbol fuchsin direct stain) versus culture as the gold standard.Methods: A Total of 300 children attending Bugando Medical Centre (BMC) and the Sekou Toure regional hospital with acute watery diarrhea were enrolled. Two sets of slides were prepared stained with 1% carbol fuchsin for 30 seconds first set, and the second set stained with Gram's stain using 0.3% carbol fuchsin as counter stain for five minutes. Concurrently, stool samples were inoculated on Preston Agar selective.Results: Of 300 stool specimens, 14(4.7%) showed positive culture after 48 hours of incubation and 28 (9.3%) shows typical morphology of Campylobacter species by both Gram stain and direct stain. The sensitivity of the Gram stain using 0.3% carbol fuchsin as counter stain and 1% carbol fuchsin simple stain versus culture as gold standard was 64.3%, with a specificity of 93.4%. The positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 32.1% and 98.2% respectively.Conclusion: The detection of Campylobacter by 1% carbol fuchsin is simple, inexpensive, and fast, with both a high sensitivity and specificity. Laboratories in settings with high prevalence of campylobacteriosis and/or limited resources can employ 1% carbol fuchsin direct stain in detecting campylobacter infections. © Martha Mushi et al.	1% carbol fuchsin; Acute watery diarrhea; Campylobacteriosis; Gram stain; Preston agar	carbol fuchsine; dye; unclassified drug; carbol-fuchsin solution; crystal violet; fuchsine; Gram's stain; phenazine derivative; agar medium; Article; bacterium culture; bacterium detection; campylobacteriosis; child; controlled study; cross-sectional study; diagnostic test accuracy study; diarrhea; feces analysis; female; gold standard; Gram staining; human; incubation time; infant; intermethod comparison; major clinical study; male; microbial morphology; nonhuman; predictive value; preschool child; prevalence; sensitivity and specificity; Tanzania; Campylobacter Infections; evaluation study; feces; mass screening; microbiological examination; microbiology; procedures; staining; Bacteriological Techniques; Campylobacter Infections; Child, Preschool; Feces; Female; Gentian Violet; Humans; Infant; Male; Mass Screening; Phenazines; Rosaniline Dyes; Staining and Labeling; Tanzania	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84926144997	Evaluation of selected zimbabwean plant extracts as inhibitors of hematopoietic prostaglandin D<inf>2</inf> synthase	Chimponda T., Mukanganyama S.	2015	Journal of Herbs, Spices and Medicinal Plants	21	3	10.1080/10496475.2014.954073	Department of Biochemistry, University of Zimbabwe, Biomolecular Interactions Analyses Group, P.O. Box MP 167, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe	Chimponda, T., Department of Biochemistry, University of Zimbabwe, Biomolecular Interactions Analyses Group, P.O. Box MP 167, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Mukanganyama, S., Department of Biochemistry, University of Zimbabwe, Biomolecular Interactions Analyses Group, P.O. Box MP 167, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe	Increased expression of hematopoietic prostaglandin D2 synthase (H-PGDS) is responsible for allergic reactions promoting the inflammatory processes. A total of fifteen plant extracts were screened for their inhibitory activity against H-PGDS using 1-chloro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) as a substrate at 0.3 mg.mL-1. Seven of these plant extracts that were effective inhibitors of H-PGDS were then used to determine the half maximum inhibitory concentrations (IC<inf>50</inf>s). Parinari curatellifolia leaf ethanol extract was the most potent plant extract with an IC<inf>50</inf> of 3.8μg.mL-1 that was comparable to 2.1 μg.mL-1 of the standard Cibacron blue. P. curatellifolia extract directly inhibited H-PGDS activity, which was a kind of reversible inhibition of mixed type with respect to both GSH and CDNB as substrates. The results obtained in this study validate the ethnomedicinal use of P. curatellifolia in the reduction of symptoms of inflammation. Copyright © 2015 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.	1-chloro-2; 4-dinitrobenzene; anti-inflammatory; glutathione S-transferases; Parinari curatellifolia	alcohol; cibacron blue f3ga; methanol; Parinari curatellifolia extract; plant extract; prostaglandin D synthase; prostaglandin D2; prostaglandin synthase inhibitor; unclassified drug; water; allergy; enzyme activity; gene expression; hematology; plant extract; antiinflammatory activity; Article; drug screening; enzyme inhibition; immobilized metal affinity chromatography; solvent extraction; Zimbabwe; Parinari	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84874159362	Azide-alkyne cycloaddition en route to 1H-1,2,3-triazole-tethered 7-chloroquinoline-isatin chimeras: Synthesis and antimalarial evaluation	Raj R., Singh P., Singh P., Gut J., Rosenthal P.J., Kumar V.	2013	European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry	62	None	10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.01.032	Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India; Department of Chemistry, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States	Raj, R., Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India; Singh, P., Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India; Singh, P., Department of Chemistry, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa; Gut, J., Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; Rosenthal, P.J., Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; Kumar, V., Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India	We describe the synthesis and antimalarial activities of 1H-1,2,3-triazole tethered 7-chloroquinoline-isatin hybrids. Activity against cultured parasites was dependent on the C-5 substituent of the isatin ring as well as the alkyl chain length between the isatin and 7-chloroquinoline moieties. Compound 8h, with an optimum alkyl chain length (n = 3) and a chloro substituent at the C-5 position of the isatin ring, displayed the best activity among the test compounds, with IC50 value of 1.21 μM against cultured W2-strain Plasmodium falciparum. © 2012 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.	1H-1,2,3-triazole; 7-Chloroquinoline-isatin conjugates; Antimalarial evaluation; Structure-activity relationship	1 [1 (7 chloro quinolin 4 yl) 1h [1,2,3]triazol 4 ylmethyl] 1h indole 2,3 dione; 1 [1 (7 chloro quinolin 4 yl) 1h [1,2,3]triazol 4 ylmethyl] 5 fluoro 1h indole 2,3 dione; 1 [1 (7 chloro quinolin 4 yl) 1h [1,2,3]triazol 4 ylmethyl] 5 methyl 1h indole 2,3 dione; 1 [1 [2 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) ethyl] 1h [1,2,3] triazol 4 ylmethyl] 5 methyl 1h indole 2,3 dione; 1 [1 [2 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) ethyl] 1h [1,2,3]triazol 4 ylmethyl] 1h indole 2,3 dione; 1 [1 [2 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) ethyl] 1h [1,2,3]triazol 4 ylmethyl} 5 fluoro 1h indole 2,3 dione; 1 [1 [3 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) propyl] 1h [1,2,3] triazol 4 ylmethyl] 5 fluoro 1h indole 2,3 dione; 1 [1 [3 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) propyl] 1h [1,2,3]triazol 4 ylmethyl] 1h indole 2,3 dione; 1 [1 [3 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) propyl] 1h [1,2,3]triazol 4 ylmethyl] 5 methyl 1h indole 2,3 dione; 5 bromo 1 [1 [2 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) ethyl] 1h [1,2,3]triazol 4 ylmethyl] 1h indole 2,3 dione; 5 bromo 1 [1 [3 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) propyl] 1h [1,2,3]triazol 4 ylmethyl] 1h indole 2,3 dione; 5 bromo1 [1 (7 chloro quinolin 4 yl) 1h [1,2,3]triazol 4 ylmethyl] 1h indole 2,3 dione; 5 chloro 1 [1 (7 chloro quinolin 4 yl) 1h [1,2,3]triazol 4 ylmethyl] 1h indole 2,3 dione; 5 chloro 1 [1 [2 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) ethyl] 1h [1,2,3]triazol 4 ylmethyl] 1h indole 2,3 dione; 5 chloro 1 [1 [3 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino)propyl] 1h [1,2,3]triazol 4 ylmethyl] 1h indole 2,3 dione; alkyne derivative; antimalarial agent; azide; unclassified drug; antimalarial activity; article; chimera; cycloaddition; IC 50; nonhuman; Plasmodium falciparum; Alkynes; Aminoquinolines; Antimalarials; Azides; Cyclization; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Isatin; Molecular Structure; Parasitic Sensitivity Tests; Plasmodium falciparum; Structure-Activity Relationship	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84908874692	Evaluation of some 1H-pyrazole derivatives as a dual acting antimalarial and anti-leishmanial agents	Bekhit A.A., Haimanot T., Hymete A.	2014	Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences	27	6	None	Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt	Bekhit, A.A., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Haimanot, T., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Hymete, A., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	The synthesis of a novel series of 1H-pyrazole derivatives was achieved by condensation of pyrazole aldehyde 1 with hydrazine hydrate to give hydrazone 7. On the other hand, cyclization of α,β-unsaturated ketone counterpart 2 using hydrazine hydrate in liquid aliphatic acids rendered compounds 4-6 and hydrazine hydrate in ethanol afforded compound 3. The later was allowed to react with aroyl chloride giving rise to compounds 8, 9. All compounds were tested for their in vivo anti-malarial and in vitro antileishmanial activities. The anti-malarial activity was performed using Plasmodium berghei infected mice, while the anti-leishmanial activity of the compounds was determined against Leishmania aethiopica promastigotes using alamar blue reduction assay. Compound 3, 1-(4-methylphenyl)-3-phenyl-4-[3-(2-thienyl)-2-pyrazolin-5-yl]-1H-pyrazole, possessed the highest anti-malarial activity with suppression of 70.26%. The highest anti-leishmanial activity was exhibited by compound 2, 1-(4-methylphenyl)-3-phenyl-4-[1-(2-thienyl)-prop-2-en-1-one]-1H-pyrazole, with an IC50 of 0.079μg/ml. Hydrazone 7 showed appreciable dual anti-malarial (suppression = 62.30%) and anti-leishmanial activity (IC50 = 1.823μg/ml). © 2014, Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. All rights reserved.	1H-pyrazole; Acute toxicity; Alamar blue; Anti-malarial activity; Antileishmanial activity; Leishmania aethiopica; Plasmodium berghei	1 (4 methylphenyl) 3 (phenyl) 1h pyrazole 4 carboxaldehyde hydrazone; 1 (4 methylphenyl) 3 phenyl 4 [1 (2 thienyl) prop 2 en 1 one] 1h pyrazole; 1 (4 methylphenyl) 3 phenyl 4 [1 propyl 3 (2 thienyl) 2 pyrazolin 5 yl] 1h pyrazole; 1 (4 methylphenyl) 3 phenyl 4 [3 (2 thienyl) 2 pyrazolin 5yl] 1h pyrazole; 1h pyrazole derivative; 4 [1 acetyl 3 (2 thienyl) 2 pyrazolin 5 yl] 1 (4 methylphenyl) 3 phenyl 1h pyrazole; 4 [1 aroyl 3 (2 thienyl) 2 pyrazolin 5 yl] 1 (4 methylphenyl) 3 phenyl 1h pyrazole; 4 [1 butyl 3 (2 thienyl) 2 pyrazoline 5 yl] 1 p methylphenyl 3 phenyl 1h pyrazole; alcohol; aliphatic carboxylic acid; antileishmanial agent; antimalarial agent; chloride; hydrazine; hydrazone derivative; ketone; pyrazole derivative; unclassified drug; antimalarial agent; pyrazole derivative; antimalarial activity; Article; controlled study; cyclization; drug design; drug effect; drug screening; drug synthesis; IC50; in vitro study; in vivo study; Leishmania; Leishmania aethiopica; male; mouse; nonhuman; Plasmodium berghei; promastigote; animal; drug effects; toxicity; Animals; Antimalarials; Leishmania; Male; Mice; Plasmodium berghei; Pyrazoles	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-20344400117	Determination of midazolam and its major metabolite 1′- hydroxymidazolam by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry in plasma from children	Muchohi S.N., Ward S.A., Preston L., Newton C.R.J.C., Edwards G., Kokwaro G.O.	2005	Journal of Chromatography B: Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences	821	1	10.1016/j.jchromb.2005.03.015	Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Wellcome Trust Research Programme, P.O. Box 43640, 00100 GPO, Nairobi, Kenya; Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast, P.O. Box 230, 80108-Kilifi, Kenya; Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology Research Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, L3 5QA Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, L69 3GE Liverpool, United Kingdom; Neurosciences Unit, Institute for Child Health, University of London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya	Muchohi, S.N., Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Wellcome Trust Research Programme, P.O. Box 43640, 00100 GPO, Nairobi, Kenya, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast, P.O. Box 230, 80108-Kilifi, Kenya; Ward, S.A., Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology Research Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, L3 5QA Liverpool, United Kingdom, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, L69 3GE Liverpool, United Kingdom; Preston, L., Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology Research Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, L3 5QA Liverpool, United Kingdom; Newton, C.R.J.C., Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast, P.O. Box 230, 80108-Kilifi, Kenya, Neurosciences Unit, Institute for Child Health, University of London, London, United Kingdom; Edwards, G., Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology Research Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, L3 5QA Liverpool, United Kingdom, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, L69 3GE Liverpool, United Kingdom; Kokwaro, G.O., Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Wellcome Trust Research Programme, P.O. Box 43640, 00100 GPO, Nairobi, Kenya, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast, P.O. Box 230, 80108-Kilifi, Kenya, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya	We have developed a sensitive, selective and reproducible reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) for the simultaneous quantification of midazolam (MDZ) and its major metabolite, 1′-hydroxymidazolam (1′-OHM) in a small volume (200 μl) of human plasma. Midazolam, 1′-OHM and 1′-chlordiazepoxide (internal standard) were extracted from alkalinised (pH 9.5) spiked and clinical plasma samples using a single step liquid-liquid extraction with 1-chlorobutane. The chromatographic separation was performed on a reversed-phase HyPURITY™ Elite C18 (5 μm particle size; 100 mm × 2.1 mm i.d.) analytical column using an acidic (pH 2.8) mobile phase (water-acetonitrile; 75:25% (v/v) containing formic acid (0.1%, v/v)) delivered at a flow-rate of 200 μl/min. The mass spectrometer was operated in the positive ion mode at the protonated-molecular ions [M + l] + of parent drug and metabolite. Calibration curves in spiked plasma were linear (r2 ≥ 0.99) from 15 to 600 ng/ml (MDZ) and 5-200 ng/ml (1′-OHM). The limits of detection and quantification were 2 and 5 ng/ml, respectively, for both MDZ and 1′-OHM. The mean relative recoveries at 40 and 600 ng/ml (MDZ) were 79.4 ± 3.1% (n = 6) and 84.2 ± 4.7% (n = 8), respectively; for 1′-OHM at 30 and 200 ng/ml the values were 89.9 ± 7.2% (n = 6) and 86.9 ± 5.6% (n = 8), respectively. The intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation (CVs) for MDZ were less than 8%, and for 1′-OHM were less than 13%. There was no interference from other commonly used antimalarials, antipyretic drugs and antibiotics. The method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of MDZ and 1′-OHM in children with severe malaria and convulsions following administration of MDZ either intravenously (i.v.) or intramuscularly (i.m.). © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	1′-Hydroxymidazolam; Midazolam; Pharmacokinetics in children	Assays; Drug products; Ionization; Mass spectrometry; Metabolites; Solvent extraction; Antimalarials; Electrospray ionization (ESI); Midazolam; Protonated molecular ions; High performance liquid chromatography; 1' chlordiazepoxide; alpha hydroxymidazolam; analgesic agent; antibiotic agent; anticonvulsive agent; antimalarial agent; antipyretic agent; artesunate; ceftriaxone; chloramphenicol; chlordiazepoxide; chloroquine; cycloguanil; deethylchloroquine; midazolam; midazolam maleate; paracetamol; penicillin G; proguanil; pyrimethamine; quinine; salicylic acid; sulfadoxine; unclassified drug; accuracy; alkalinity; analytic method; anticonvulsant activity; antimalarial activity; article; blood sampling; child; controlled study; device; drug blood level; drug determination; drug isolation; electrospray mass spectrometry; high performance liquid chromatography; human; liquid liquid extraction; malaria; priority journal; reliability; seizure; Anticonvulsants; Child; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Humans; Kenya; Malaria, Falciparum; Midazolam; Reproducibility of Results; Seizures; Sensitivity and Specificity; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78649399126	Evaluation of in vivo antihypertensive and in vitro vasodepressor activities of the leaf extract of syzygium guineense (willd) D.C.	Ayele Y., Urga K., Engidawork E.	2010	Phytotherapy Research	24	10	10.1002/ptr.3141	Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Drug Research, Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, Ethiopia	Ayele, Y., Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Urga, K., Department of Drug Research, Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, Ethiopia; Engidawork, E., Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	The aim of this work was to evaluate the antihypertensive activity of the hydroalcohol extract of the leaves of Syzygium guineense (Willd) D.C. (Myrtaceae) in a 1-kidney-1-clip rat model and its vasorelaxant effect on isolated aorta. The extract reduced blood pressure in a dose and time dependent fashion. Following 3 days of treatment, single oral daily doses of 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg caused an overall reduction (p &lt; 0.05) of systolic blood pressure by 6.9, 34.0 and 40.8 mmHg, respectively. The diastolic blood pressure was, however, significantly reduced (p &lt; 0.05) by 100 mg/kg (10.3 mmHg) and 150 mg/kg (18.4 mmHg) doses only. The mean blood pressure was reduced by 5.0, 18.3 and 25.9 mmHg by the respective doses. The extract also caused a dose-dependent relaxation of aorta precontracted with KCl at a concentration of 5-70 mg/mL, with a maximum relaxation of 56.22% achieved at 70 mg/mL concentration. The relaxation mechanism was found to be independent of the endothelium system, muscarinic receptors, histamine receptors, ATP dependent K+ channels, cyclooxygenase enzymes and cGMP/NO pathway. The findings suggest that the extract had an antihypertensive effect most likely caused by dilation of the blood vessels, a confirmation for the folkloric use of the plant. © 2010 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.	1K1C rat model; antihypertensive; hydroalcohol extract; Syzyguim guineense; vasorelaxation	adenosine triphosphate sensitive potassium channel; antihypertensive agent; cyclic GMP; histamine receptor; muscarinic receptor; nitric oxide; plant extract; prostaglandin synthase; Syzygium guineense extract; unclassified drug; vasodilator agent; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; antihypertensive activity; aorta; article; blood pressure regulation; diastolic blood pressure; dose response; female; in vitro study; in vivo study; male; mean arterial pressure; Myrtaceae; nonhuman; plant leaf; rat; reticuloendothelial system; systolic blood pressure; Syzygium guineense; vasodilatation; Angiosperms; Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Aorta; Blood Pressure; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Guinea Pigs; Male; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Vasodilation; Vasodilator Agents; Myrtaceae; Rattus; Syzygium guineense	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84898980052	Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of novel 1-(piperidin-4-yl)-1H- benzo[d]imidazol-2(3H)-one derivatives as potential antimicrobial agents	Patel V., Bhatt N., Bhatt P., Joshi H.D.	2014	Medicinal Chemistry Research	23	4	10.1007/s00044-013-0799-6	Department of Chemistry, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India; JJT University, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan, India; School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa	Patel, V., Department of Chemistry, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India; Bhatt, N., JJT University, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan, India; Bhatt, P., School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa; Joshi, H.D., Department of Chemistry, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India	Novel compounds of biological interest were synthesized by in situ reduction of Schiff's base of 5,6-dimethoxy indanone and 1-(piperidin-4-yl)-1H- benzo[d] imidazol-2(3H)-one in the presence of Ti(OiPr)4 and NaBH3CN. Further alkylation using different alkyl/aryl halides in the presence of NaH in DMF gave a series of novel compounds. A formation of newly synthesized compounds was confirmed on the basis of their spectral and elemental analysis. Further these compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activity and found to have promising antibacterial and antifungal activity. © Springer Science+Business Media 2013.	1-(piperidin-4-yl)-1H-benzo[d] imidazol-2(3H)-one; 5,6-dimethoxy indanone; Antimicrobial agents; In situ reduction of Schiff's base	1 (piperidin 4 yl) 1h benzo[d]imidazol 2(3h) one derivative; 3 benzyl 5 chloro 1 (1 (5,6 dimethoxy 2,3 dihydro 1h inden 1 yl)piperidin 4 yl) 1h benzo[d]imidazol 2(3h) one; 3 butyl 5 chloro 1 (1 (5,6 dimethoxy 2,3 dihydro 1h inden 1 yl)piperidin 4 yl) 1h benzo[d]imidazol 2(3h) one; 5 chloro 1 (1 (5,6 dimethoxy 2,3 dihydro 1h inden 1 yl)piperidin 4 yl) 1h benzo[d]imidazol 2(3h) one; 5 chloro 1 (1 (5,6 dimethoxy 2,3 dihydro 1h inden 1 yl)piperidin 4 yl) 3 (3 (dimethylamino)propyl 1h benzo[d]imidazol 2(3h) one; 5 chloro 1 (1 (5,6 dimethoxy 2,3 dihydro 1h inden 1 yl)piperidin 4 yl) 3 (4 nitrobenzyl) 1h benzo[d]imidazol 2(3h) one; 5 chloro 1 (1 (5,6 dimethoxy 2,3 dihydro 1h inden 1 yl)piperidin 4 yl) 3 (methoxymethyl) 1h benzo[d]imidazol 2(3h) one; 5 chloro 1 (1 (5,6 dimethoxy 2,3 dihydro 1h inden 1 yl)piperidin 4 yl) 3 isobutyl 1h benzo[d]imidazol 2(3h) one; 5 chloro 1 (1 (5,6 dimethoxy 2,3 dihydro 1h inden 1 yl)piperidin 4 yl) 3 propyl 1h benzo[d]imidazol 2(3h) one; 5 chloro 1 (1 (5,6 dimethoxy 2,3 dihydro 1h inden 1yl)piperidin 4 yl) 3 ethyl 1h benzo[d]imidazol 2(3h) one; 5 chloro 3 (2 chloroethyl) 1 (1 (5,6 dimethoxy 2,3 dihydro 1h inden 1 yl)piperidin 4 yl) 1h benzo{d]imidazol 2(3h) one; 5 chloro 3 (4 chlorobenzyl) 1 (1 (5,6 dimethoxy 2,3 dihydro 1h inden 1 yl)piperidin 4 yl) 1h benzo[d]imidazol 2(3h) one; 6 chloro 3 (1 (5,6 dimethoxy 2,3 dihydro 1h inden 1 yl)piperidin 4 yl) n,n diethyl 2 oxo 2,3 dihydro 1h benzo[d]imidazole 1 carboxamide; antiinfective agent; ethyl 2 (6 chloro 3 (1 (5,6 dimethoxy 2,3 dihydro 1h inden 1 yl)piperidin 4 yl) 2 oxo 2,3 dihydro 1h benzo[d]imidazol 1 yl)acetate; ethyl 6 chloro 3 (1 (5,6 dimethoxy 2,3 dihydro 1h inden 1 yl)piperidin 4 yl)2 oxo 2,3 dihydro 1h benzo[d]imidazole 1 carboxylate; imidazole derivative; Schiff base; unclassified drug; alkylation; antibacterial activity; antifungal activity; antimicrobial activity; article; drug screening; drug synthesis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84929147308	Impact of early valve surgery on outcome of staphylococcus aureus prosthetic valve infective endocarditis: Analysis in the international collaboration of endocarditis-prospective cohort study	Chirouze C., Alla F., Fowler V.G., Jr., Sexton D.J., Corey G.R., Chu V.H., Wang A., Erpelding M.-L., Durante-Mangoni E., Fernández-Hidalgo N., Giannitsioti E., Hannan M.M., Lejko-Zupanc T., Miró J.M., Muñoz P., Murdoch D.R., Tattevin P., Tribouilloy C., H	2015	Clinical Infectious Diseases	60	5	10.1093/cid/ciu871	UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, Université de Franche-Comté, France; Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Boulevard Fleming, Besançon cedex, France; Université de Lorraine, Université Paris Descartes, Apemac, Nancy, France; INSERM, CIC-EC, CIE6, Nancy, France; CHUNancy, Pôle S2R, Epidémiologie et Evaluation Cliniques, Nancy, France; Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States; Department of Cardiothoracic Sciences, University of Naples S.U.N., Monaldi Hospital, Italy; Servei de Malalties Infeccioses, Hospital Universitari Vall D'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University, General Hospital, Athens, Greece; Department of Microbiology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia; Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Microbiology Unit, Canterbury Health Laboratories, Christchurch, New Zealand; Maladies Infectieuses et Réanimation Médicale, Pontchaillou University Hospital, Rennes, France; Départment de Cardiologie, Hôpital Universitaire Sud, Amiens, France; Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, Faculté de Médecine Hyacinthe Bastaraud, EA 4537, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe; Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, CIC 1424, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Pointe-à-Pitre, France; Hospital Italiano, Italy; Instituto Cardiovascular, United States; Hospital Universitario de la Fundaciòn Favaloro, Argentina; Sanatorio de la Trinidad Mitre, Argentina; Alfred Hospital, Argentina; Barwon Health, Argentina; Canberra Hospital, Australia; Flinders Medical Centre, Australia; Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Southern Health, Australia; St George Hospital, Australia; St Vincent's, Australia; Sutherland, United States; University of New South Wales, Australia; Vienna General Hospital, Austria; Ana Neri Hospital, Brazil; Heart Institute (Incor), University of Sao Paulo, Medical School, Brazil; Hospital 9 de Julho, Brazil; Hospital Universitario Clementino Fraga Filho, UFRJ, Brazil; Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Cardiologi, Mexico; University of Manitoba, Canada; Hospital Clínico Pont, Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile; Hospital Clinico, Universidad de Chile, Chile; University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Chile; Centre for Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantation, Chile; Cairo University, Medical School, Egypt; CHU Nancy-Brabois, France; Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, France; Hospital Louis Pradel, France; Pontchaillou University, France; South Hospital Amiens, France; University Medical Center of Besançon, France; Universitaetskliniken Bergmannsheil Bochum, Germany; University Essen, Germany; Attikon University, General Hospital, Greece; Evangelismos General Hospital of Athens, Greece; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, India; Medical College Calicut, United States; Mater Hospitals, Australia; Hadassah-Hebrew University, Israel; Tel Aviv University, School of Medicine, Israel; II Università di Napoli, Italy; Maria Vittoria Hospital, Italy; Ospedale di Circolo Varese, Italy; Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Italy; Spedali Civili - Università di Brescia, Italy; American University, Beirut Medical Center, United States; University of Malaya Medical Center, Malaysia; National Heart Institute, United States; Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico; University of Amsterdam, Netherlands; University of Otago, New Zealand; Middlemore Hospital, New Zealand; Diagnostic Medlab, New Zealand; Wellington Hospital, United Kingdom; North Shore Hospital, New Zealand; ICE Coordinating Center, United States; Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Romania; Learning-Scientific Centre, Medical Centre, Russian Presidential Affairs Government Medical Centre of Russian, Russian Federation; Russian Medical State University, Russian Federation; King Faisal Specialist Hospital, Research Center, Saudi Arabia; National Heart Centre, United States; Medical Center Ljublijana, Slovenia; University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, South Africa; Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Hospitál de Sabadell, Spain; Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Spain; Hospital Universitari Vall D'Hebron, Spain; Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocío, Spain; Sahlgrenska Universitetssjukhuset/Östra, Sweden; Khon Kaen University, Thailand; Queen Elizabeth Hospital, United Kingdom; St Thomas' Hospital, United States; Ann Arbor VA Medical Center, United States; Dallas VA Medical Center, United States; Duke University Medical Center, United States; Emory University, United States; Medical University of South Carolina, United States; New York University Medical Center, United States; Summa Health System, United States; University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States; UT-Southwestern Medical Center, United States; Wayne State University, United States; Quintiles, United States	Chirouze, C., UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, Université de Franche-Comté, France, Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Boulevard Fleming, Besançon cedex, France; Alla, F., Université de Lorraine, Université Paris Descartes, Apemac, Nancy, France, INSERM, CIC-EC, CIE6, Nancy, France, CHUNancy, Pôle S2R, Epidémiologie et Evaluation Cliniques, Nancy, France, CHU Nancy-Brabois, France; Fowler, V.G., Jr., Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States, ICE Coordinating Center, United States, Duke University Medical Center, United States; Sexton, D.J., Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States, Duke University Medical Center, United States; Corey, G.R., Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States, ICE Coordinating Center, United States; Chu, V.H., Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States, ICE Coordinating Center, United States, Duke University Medical Center, United States; Wang, A., Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States, Duke University Medical Center, United States; Erpelding, M.-L., INSERM, CIC-EC, CIE6, Nancy, France, CHUNancy, Pôle S2R, Epidémiologie et Evaluation Cliniques, Nancy, France; Durante-Mangoni, E., Department of Cardiothoracic Sciences, University of Naples S.U.N., Monaldi Hospital, Italy, II Università di Napoli, Italy; Fernández-Hidalgo, N., Servei de Malalties Infeccioses, Hospital Universitari Vall D'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain, Hospital Universitari Vall D'Hebron, Spain; Giannitsioti, E., Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University, General Hospital, Athens, Greece, Attikon University, General Hospital, Greece; Hannan, M.M., Department of Microbiology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland, Mater Hospitals, Australia; Lejko-Zupanc, T., Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia, Medical Center Ljublijana, Slovenia; Miró, J.M., Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Madrid, Spain, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Muñoz, P., Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Spain; Murdoch, D.R., Microbiology Unit, Canterbury Health Laboratories, Christchurch, New Zealand, University of Otago, New Zealand; Tattevin, P., Maladies Infectieuses et Réanimation Médicale, Pontchaillou University Hospital, Rennes, France, Pontchaillou University, France; Tribouilloy, C., Départment de Cardiologie, Hôpital Universitaire Sud, Amiens, France, South Hospital Amiens, France; Hoen, B., UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, Université de Franche-Comté, France, Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Boulevard Fleming, Besançon cedex, France, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, Faculté de Médecine Hyacinthe Bastaraud, EA 4537, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, CIC 1424, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Pointe-à-Pitre, France, University Medical Center of Besançon, France; Clara, L., Hospital Italiano, Italy; Sanchez, M., Hospital Italiano, Italy; Nacinovich, F., Instituto Cardiovascular, United States; Oses, P.F., Instituto Cardiovascular, United States; Ronderos, R., Instituto Cardiovascular, United States; Sucari, A., Instituto Cardiovascular, United States; Thierer, J., Instituto Cardiovascular, United States; Casabé, J., Hospital Universitario de la Fundaciòn Favaloro, Argentina; Cortes, C., Hospital Universitario de la Fundaciòn Favaloro, Argentina; Altclas, J., Sanatorio de la Trinidad Mitre, Argentina; Kogan, S., Sanatorio de la Trinidad Mitre, Argentina; Spelman, D., Alfred Hospital, Argentina; Athan, E., Barwon Health, Argentina; Harris, O., Barwon Health, Argentina; Kennedy, K., Canberra Hospital, Australia; Tan, R., Canberra Hospital, Australia; Gordon, D., Flinders Medical Centre, Australia; Papanicolas, L., Flinders Medical Centre, Australia; Eisen, D., Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Grigg, L., Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Street, A., Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Korman, T., Southern Health, Australia; Kotsanas, D., Southern Health, Australia; Dever, R., St George Hospital, Australia; Konecny, P., St George Hospital, Australia; Lawrence, R., St George Hospital, Australia; Rees, D., St George Hospital, Australia; Ryan, S., St George Hospital, Australia, St Vincent's, Australia, Sutherland, United States, University of New South Wales, Australia; Feneley, M.P., St Vincent's, Australia; Harkness, J., St Vincent's, Australia; Jones, P., St George Hospital, Australia, St Vincent's, Australia, Sutherland, United States, University of New South Wales, Australia; Post, J., University of New South Wales, Australia; Reinbott, P., University of New South Wales, Australia; Gattringer, R., Vienna General Hospital, Austria; Wiesbauer, F., Vienna General Hospital, Austria; Andrade, A.R., Ana Neri Hospital, Brazil; De Brito, A.C.P., Ana Neri Hospital, Brazil; Guimarães, A.C., Ana Neri Hospital, Brazil; Grinberg, M., Heart Institute (Incor), University of Sao Paulo, Medical School, Brazil; Mansur, A.J., Heart Institute (Incor), University of Sao Paulo, Medical School, Brazil; Siciliano, R.F., Heart Institute (Incor), University of Sao Paulo, Medical School, Brazil; Strabelli, T.M.V., Heart Institute (Incor), University of Sao Paulo, Medical School, Brazil; Vieira, M.L.C., Heart Institute (Incor), University of Sao Paulo, Medical School, Brazil; De Medeiros Tranchesi, R.A., Hospital 9 de Julho, Brazil; Paiva, M.G., Hospital 9 de Julho, Brazil; Fortes, C.Q., Hospital Universitario Clementino Fraga Filho, UFRJ, Brazil; De Oliveira Ramos, A., Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, Brazil; Ferraiuoli, G., Instituto Nacional de Cardiologi, Mexico; Golebiovski, W., Instituto Nacional de Cardiologi, Mexico; Lamas, C., Instituto Nacional de Cardiologi, Mexico; Santos, M., Instituto Nacional de Cardiologi, Mexico; Weksler, C., Instituto Nacional de Cardiologi, Mexico; Karlowsky, J.A., University of Manitoba, Canada; Keynan, Y., University of Manitoba, Canada; Morris, A.M., University of Manitoba, Canada; Rubinstein, E., University of Manitoba, Canada, Tel Aviv University, School of Medicine, Israel; Jones, S.B., Hospital Clínico Pont, Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile; Garcia, P., Hospital Clínico Pont, Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile; Cereceda, M., Hospital Clinico, Universidad de Chile, Chile; Fica, A., Hospital Clinico, Universidad de Chile, Chile; Mella, R.M., Hospital Clinico, Universidad de Chile, Chile; Barsic, B., University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Chile; Bukovski, S., University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Chile; Krajinovic, V., University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Chile; Pangercic, A., University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Chile; Rudez, I., University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Chile; Vincelj, J., University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Chile; Freiberger, T., Centre for Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantation, Chile; Pol, J., Centre for Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantation, Chile; Zaloudikova, B., Centre for Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantation, Chile; Zainab, A., Cairo University, Medical School, Egypt; El Kholy, A., Cairo University, Medical School, Egypt; Mishaal, M., Cairo University, Medical School, Egypt; Rizk, H., Cairo University, Medical School, Egypt; Aissa, N., CHU Nancy-Brabois, France; Alauzet, C., CHU Nancy-Brabois, France; Campagnac, C., CHU Nancy-Brabois, France; Doco-Lecompte, T., CHU Nancy-Brabois, France; Selton-Suty, C., CHU Nancy-Brabois, France; Casalta, J.-P., Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, France; Fournier, P.-E., Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, France; Habib, G., Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, France; Raoult, D., Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, France; Thuny, F., Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, France; Delahaye, F., Hospital Louis Pradel, France; Delahaye, A., Hospital Louis Pradel, France; Vandenesch, F., Hospital Louis Pradel, France; Donal, E., Pontchaillou University, France; Donnio, P.Y., Pontchaillou University, France; Michelet, C., Pontchaillou University, France; Revest, M., Pontchaillou University, France; Violette, J., Pontchaillou University, France; Chevalier, F., South Hospital Amiens, France; Jeu, A., South Hospital Amiens, France; Rusinaru, D.M.D., South Hospital Amiens, France; Sorel, C., South Hospital Amiens, France; Bernard, Y., University Medical Center of Besançon, France; Leroy, J., University Medical Center of Besançon, France; Plesiat, P., University Medical Center of Besançon, France; Naber, C., Universitaetskliniken Bergmannsheil Bochum, Germany, University Essen, Germany; Neuerburg, C., Universitaetskliniken Bergmannsheil Bochum, Germany, University Essen, Germany; Mazaheri, B., University Essen, Germany; Athanasia, S., Attikon University, General Hospital, Greece; Deliolanis, I., Attikon University, General Hospital, Greece; Giamarellou, H., Attikon University, General Hospital, Greece; Tsaganos, T., Attikon University, General Hospital, Greece; Mylona, E., Evangelismos General Hospital of Athens, Greece; Paniara, O., Evangelismos General Hospital of Athens, Greece; Papanicolaou, K., Evangelismos General Hospital of Athens, Greece; Pyros, J., Evangelismos General Hospital of Athens, Greece; Skoutelis, A., Evangelismos General Hospital of Athens, Greece; Sharma, G., All India Institute of Medical Sciences, India; Francis, J., Medical College Calicut, United States; Nair, L., Medical College Calicut, United States; Thomas, V., Medical College Calicut, United States; Venugopal, K., Medical College Calicut, United States; Hurley, J., Mater Hospitals, Australia; Gilon, D., Hadassah-Hebrew University, Israel; Israel, S., Hadassah-Hebrew University, Israel; Korem, M., Hadassah-Hebrew University, Israel; Strahilevitz, J., Hadassah-Hebrew University, Israel, Tel Aviv University, School of Medicine, Israel; Casillo, R., II Università di Napoli, Italy; Cuccurullo, S., II Università di Napoli, Italy; Dialetto, G., II Università di Napoli, Italy; Irene, M., II Università di Napoli, Italy; Ragone, E., II Università di Napoli, Italy; Tripodi, M.F., II Università di Napoli, Italy; Utili, R., II Università di Napoli, Italy; Cecchi, E., Maria Vittoria Hospital, Italy; De Rosa, F., Maria Vittoria Hospital, Italy; Forno, D., Maria Vittoria Hospital, Italy; Imazio, M., Maria Vittoria Hospital, Italy; Trinchero, R., Maria Vittoria Hospital, Italy; Tebini, A., Ospedale di Circolo Varese, Italy; Grossi, P., Ospedale di Circolo Varese, Italy; Lattanzio, M., Ospedale di Circolo Varese, Italy; Toniolo, A., Ospedale di Circolo Varese, Italy; Goglio, A., Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Italy; Raglio, A., Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Italy; Ravasio, V., Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Italy; Rizzi, M., Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Italy; Suter, F., Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Italy; Carosi, G., Spedali Civili - Università di Brescia, Italy; Magri, S., Spedali Civili - Università di Brescia, Italy; Signorini, L., Spedali Civili - Università di Brescia, Italy; Baban, T., American University, Beirut Medical Center, United States; Kanafani, Z., American University, Beirut Medical Center, United States; Kanj, S.S., American University, Beirut Medical Center, United States; Yasmine, M., American University, Beirut Medical Center, United States; Abidin, I., University of Malaya Medical Center, Malaysia; Tamin, S.S., National Heart Institute, United States; Martínez, E.R., Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico; Nieto, G.I.S., Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico; Van Der Meer, J.T.M., University of Amsterdam, Netherlands; Chambers, S., University of Otago, New Zealand; Holland, D., Middlemore Hospital, New Zealand; Morris, A., Diagnostic Medlab, New Zealand; Raymond, N., Wellington Hospital, United Kingdom; Read, K., North Shore Hospital, New Zealand; Dragulescu, S., Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Romania; Ionac, A., Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Romania; Mornos, C., Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Romania; Butkevich, O.M., Learning-Scientific Centre, Medical Centre, Russian Presidential Affairs Government Medical Centre of Russian, Russian Federation; Chipigina, N., Russian Medical State University, Russian Federation; Kirill, O., Russian Medical State University, Russian Federation; Vadim, K., Russian Medical State University, Russian Federation; Vinogradova, T., Russian Medical State University, Russian Federation; Edathodu, J., King Faisal Specialist Hospital, Research Center, Saudi Arabia; Halim, M., King Faisal Specialist Hospital, Research Center, Saudi Arabia; Lum, L.-N., National Heart Centre, United States; Tan, R.-S., National Heart Centre, United States; Logar, M., Medical Center Ljublijana, Slovenia; Mueller-Premru, M., Medical Center Ljublijana, Slovenia; Commerford, P., University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, South Africa; Commerford, A., University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, South Africa; Deetlefs, E., University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, South Africa; Hansa, C., University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, South Africa; Ntsekhe, M., University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, South Africa; Almela, M., Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Armero, Y., Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Azqueta, M., Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Castañeda, X., Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Cervera, C., Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Del Rio, A., Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Falces, C., Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Garcia-De-La-Maria, C., Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Fita, G., Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Gatell, J.M., Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Marco, F., Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Mestres, C.A., Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Moreno, A., Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Ninot, S., Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Paré, C., Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Pericas, J., Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Ramirez, J., Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Rovira, I., Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Sitges, M., Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Anguera, I., Hospitál de Sabadell, Spain; Font, B., Hospitál de Sabadell, Spain; Guma, J.R., Hospitál de Sabadell, Spain; Bermejo, J., Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Spain; Bouza, E., Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Spain; Fernández, M.A.G., Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Spain; Gonzalez-Ramallo, V., Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Spain; Marín, M., Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Spain; Pedromingo, M., Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Spain; Roda, J., Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Spain; Rodríguez-Créixems, M., Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Spain; Solis, J., Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Spain; Almirante, B., Hospital Universitari Vall D'Hebron, Spain; Tornos, P., Hospital Universitari Vall D'Hebron, Spain; De Alarcón, A., Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocío, Spain; Parra, R., Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocío, Spain; Alestig, E., Sahlgrenska Universitetssjukhuset/Östra, Sweden; Johansson, M., Sahlgrenska Universitetssjukhuset/Östra, Sweden; Olaison, L., Sahlgrenska Universitetssjukhuset/Östra, Sweden; Snygg-Martin, U., Sahlgrenska Universitetssjukhuset/Östra, Sweden; Pachirat, O., Khon Kaen University, Thailand; Pachirat, P., Khon Kaen University, Thailand; Pussadhamma, B., Khon Kaen University, Thailand; Senthong, V., Khon Kaen University, Thailand; Casey, A., Queen Elizabeth Hospital, United Kingdom; Elliott, T., Queen Elizabeth Hospital, United Kingdom; Lambert, P., Queen Elizabeth Hospital, United Kingdom; Watkin, R., Queen Elizabeth Hospital, United Kingdom; Eyton, C., St Thomas' Hospital, United States; Klein, J.L., St Thomas' Hospital, United States; Bradley, S., Ann Arbor VA Medical Center, United States; Kauffman, C., Ann Arbor VA Medical Center, United States; Bedimo, R., Dallas VA Medical Center, United States; Crowley, A.L., Duke University Medical Center, United States; Douglas, P., Duke University Medical Center, United States; Drew, L., Duke University Medical Center, United States; Holland, T., Duke University Medical Center, United States; Lalani, T., Duke University Medical Center, United States; Mudrick, D., Duke University Medical Center, United States; Samad, Z., Duke University Medical Center, United States; Stryjewski, M., Duke University Medical Center, United States; Woods, C.W., Duke University Medical Center, United States; Lerakis, S., Emory University, United States; Cantey, R., Medical University of South Carolina, United States; Steed, L., Medical University of South Carolina, United States; Wray, D., Medical University of South Carolina, United States; Dickerman, S.A., New York University Medical Center, United States; Bonilla, H., Summa Health System, United States; Di Persio, J., Summa Health System, United States; Salstrom, S.-J., Summa Health System, United States; Baddley, J., University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States; Patel, M., University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States; Peterson, G., UT-Southwestern Medical Center, United States; Stancoven, A., UT-Southwestern Medical Center, United States; Afonso, L., Wayne State University, United States; Kulman, T., Wayne State University, United States; Levine, D., Wayne State University, United States; Rybak, M., Wayne State University, United States; Cabell, C.H., Quintiles, United States; Baloch, K., ICE Coordinating Center, United States; Dixon, C.C., ICE Coordinating Center, United States; Harding, T., ICE Coordinating Center, United States; Jones-Richmond, M., ICE Coordinating Center, United States; Pappas, P., ICE Coordinating Center, United States; Park, L.P., ICE Coordinating Center, United States; Redick, T., ICE Coordinating Center, United States; Stafford, J., ICE Coordinating Center, United States; Anstrom, K.; Bayer, A.S.; Karchmer, A.W.; Durack, D.T.; Eykyn, S.; Moreillon, P.	Background. The impact of early valve surgery (EVS) on the outcome of Staphylococcus aureus (SA) prosthetic valve infective endocarditis (PVIE) is unresolved. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between EVS, performed within the first 60 days of hospitalization, and outcome of SA PVIE within the International Collaboration on Endocarditis-Prospective Cohort Study. Methods. Participants were enrolled between June 2000 and December 2006. Cox proportional hazards modeling that included surgery as a time-dependent covariate and propensity adjustment for likelihood to receive cardiac surgery was used to evaluate the impact of EVS and 1-year all-cause mortality on patients with definite left-sided S. aureus PVIE and no history of injection drug use. Results. EVS was performed in 74 of the 168 (44.3%) patients. One-year mortality was significantly higher among patients with S. aureus PVIE than in patients with non-S. aureus PVIE (48.2% vs 32.9%; P = .003). Staphylococcus aureus PVIE patients who underwent EVS had a significantly lower 1-year mortality rate (33.8% vs 59.1%; P = .001). In multivariate, propensity-adjusted models, EVS was not associated with 1-year mortality (risk ratio, 0.67 [95% confidence interval, .39-1.15]; P = .15). Conclusions. In this prospective, multinational cohort of patients with S. aureus PVIE, EVS was not associated with reduced 1-year mortality. The decision to pursue EVS should be individualized for each patient, based upon infection-specific characteristics rather than solely upon the microbiology of the infection causing PVIE. © The Author 2014.	1-year mortality; Endocarditis; Prosthetic valve; Surgery	aged; Article; bacterial endocarditis; cerebrovascular accident; cohort analysis; congestive heart failure; controlled study; drug use; early valve surgery; evaluation study; female; follow up; heart surgery; heart valve prosthesis; heart valve surgery; hospitalization; human; major clinical study; male; mortality; multicenter study; outcome assessment; priority journal; prospective study; Staphylococcus aureus; staphylococcus aureus prosthetic valve infective endocarditis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84891676147	The media impact of South Africa's historical hosting of Africa's first mega-event: Sport and leisure consumption patterns	Swart K., Linley M., Bob U.	2013	International Journal of the History of Sport	30	16	10.1080/09523367.2013.861130	Department of Tourism and Event Management, Faculty of Business, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa; College of Sports and Exercise Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Geography, School of Environmental Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa	Swart, K., Department of Tourism and Event Management, Faculty of Business, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa; Linley, M., College of Sports and Exercise Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia; Bob, U., Department of Geography, School of Environmental Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa	The 2010 FIFA World Cup held in South Africa was the biggest mega-event ever to be hosted on the African continent. This historical event had several social, economic and developmental imperatives, including destination profiling and changing negative perceptions of South Africa, specifically, and the African continent more generally. This research undertakes a media analysis of the 2010 FIFA World Cup in selected key markets, namely the UK, Germany, the Netherlands and the USA. The study investigates the media impact of the 2010 FIFA World Cup on South Africa as the host nation and Africa's major tourism destination by undertaking a media analysis of the key source markets. Africa's first mega-event provides an ideal opportunity to examine how a host country (in this case South Africa) is profiled in relation to sport and leisure consumption patterns, including shifts in sentiment over time. Four time periods were identified, namely pre-, leading up to, during and post-2010. A qualitative analysis is undertaken, which includes content sourcing, content identification, semantic cluster analysis and the use of Leximancer, an analytical tool used to evaluate the content of textual documents, in this case primarily online newspaper articles. For each of the source markets identified, 400-600 articles were extracted. The findings show generally positive or favourable media coverage in relation to sport and leisure consumption patterns. However, a higher level of unfavourable media coverage was discernible during the pre-and lead-up periods, which may have influenced World Cup attendance figures and therefore leisure consumption. Specific tourist products (in particular Table Mountain and Robben Island) and the main host cities (Johannesburg, Cape Town and Durban) had more mentions and stronger associations than South Africa generally. The positive imagery which prevailed during the event needs to be further emphasised in future sport events and the tourism and leisure marketing of South Africa. © 2013 Taylor and Francis.	2010 FIFA World Cup; leisure consumption; media content analysis; South Africa; sport	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84904339730	'There are a lot of new people in town: But they are here for soccer, not for business' a qualitative inquiry into the impact of the 2010 soccer world cup on sex work in South Africa	Richter M.L., Scorgie F., Chersich M.F., Luchters S.	2014	Globalization and Health	10	1	10.1186/1744-8603-10-45	International Centre for Reproductive Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, Ghent 9000, Belgium; African Centre for Migration and Society, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Centre for Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Centre for International Health, Burnet Institute 85 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia	Richter, M.L., International Centre for Reproductive Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, Ghent 9000, Belgium, African Centre for Migration and Society, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Scorgie, F., Centre for Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Chersich, M.F., International Centre for Reproductive Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, Ghent 9000, Belgium, Centre for Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Luchters, S., International Centre for Reproductive Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, Ghent 9000, Belgium, Centre for International Health, Burnet Institute 85 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia	Background: Sports mega-events have expanded in size, popularity and cost. Fuelled by media speculation and moral panics, myths proliferate about the increase in trafficking into forced prostitution as well as sex work in the run-up to such events. This qualitative enquiry explores the perceptions of male, female and transgender sex workers of the 2010 Soccer World Cup held in South Africa, and the impact it had on their work and private lives.Methods: A multi-method study design was employed. Data consisted of 14 Focus Group Discussions, 53 sex worker diaries, and responses to two questions in surveys with 1059 male, female and transgender sex workers in three cities.Results: Overall, a minority of participants noted changes to the sex sector due to the World Cup and nothing emerged on the feared increases in trafficking into forced prostitution. Participants who observed changes in their work mainly described differences, both positive and negative, in working conditions, income and client relations, as well as police harassment. The accounts of changes were heterogeneous - often conflicting in the same research site and across sites.Conclusions: No major shifts occurred in sex work during the World Cup, and only a few inconsequential changes were noted. Sports mega-events provide strategic opportunities to expand health and human rights programmes to sex workers. The 2010 World Cup missed that opportunity. © 2014 Richter et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	2010 Soccer World Cup; Prostitution; Sex work; Sports mega-events; Trafficking	human rights; morality; parallel economy; perception; prostitution; sport; trafficking; working conditions; behavioral response; health impact; social impact; strategic approach; adult; article; female; female worker; human; male; multimethod study; police; priority journal; prostitution; qualitative research; sexual harassment; sexual minority; soccer; social participation; South Africa; sporting event; threat; transsexuality; work environment; young adult; Article; assault; health program; health survey; human relation; human rights; income; legal aspect; perception; sex trafficking; sexual behavior; social aspect; South Africa; transgender; human trafficking; information processing; prostitution; psychology; statistics and numerical data; South Africa; Adult; Female; Focus Groups; Human Trafficking; Humans; Male; Prostitution; Qualitative Research; Sex Workers; Soccer; South Africa; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953236502	The association of 20M shuttle run performance with a substantial increase in waist circumference in japanese middle-aged adults	Yamamoto N., Kojo K., Shimura M., Hagi Y.	2010	Japanese Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine	59	2	None	Department of Fisheries Distribution and Management, National Fisheries University, United States; Graduate School of Physical Education, National Institute of Fitness and Sports, Kanoya, Nigeria; Citizen's Health Plaza, Health Promotion Center, United St	Yamamoto, N., Department of Fisheries Distribution and Management, National Fisheries University, United States, Graduate School of Physical Education, National Institute of Fitness and Sports, Kanoya, Nigeria; Kojo, K., Citizen's Health Plaza, Health Promotion Center, United States; Shimura, M., Department for Interdisciplinary Studies of Lifelong Sport and Physical Activity, National Institute of Fitness and Sports, Kanoya, Nigeria; Hagi, Y., Department of Sport and Leisure Management, TOKAI University, Japan	Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between 20m shuttle run (20mSRT) performance and a substantial increase in waist circumference (WC) with aging in Japanese middle-aged adults. Methods: One hundred and fifty-six Japanese middle-aged adults (40-64 yrs; 40 males, 116 females) participated in this study. Baseline data on 20mSRT, height, weight, WC, alcohol habit, smoking habit and the use of medication were collected from 2003 to 2004. Follow-up data on height, weight and WC were collected in 2008. The 20mSRT results were divided into gender-specific quartiles. A logistic regression analysis was used to predict a substantial increase in the WC (5 cm or more) during the follow-up. Results: During the follow-up, 44 people had a substantial increase in the WC. Independently from sex, age, height (baseline), weight (baseline), WC (baseline), alcohol habit, smoking habit and the use of medication, the highest quartile of 20m SRT was significantly associated with significantly lower odds ratio of a substantial increase in WC (OR: 0.07, 95%CI: 0.01-0.36) in comparison to the lowest quartile of 20mSRT. Furthermore, after additional adjustment for change in weight during follow-up, the highest quartile remained significantly predictive of a substantial increase in the WC, with odds ratio of 0.07 (95%CI: 0.01-0.39). Conclusions: These results indicate that the 20mSRT performance is a significant predictor of a substantial increase in the WC with aging in Japanese middle-aged adults.	20m shuttle run; Aging; Increase in waist circumference; Prospective study	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84921867012	Evaluation of the applicability of acid leaching for the 238U-230Th internal isochron method	Tanaka R., Yokoyama T., Kitagawa H., Tesfaye D.B., Nakamura E.	2015	Chemical Geology	396	None	10.1016/j.chemgeo.2014.12.025	The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Study of the Earth's Interior, Okayama University, Misasa, Tottori, Japan; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Tokyo, Japan; YMG Gold Mining Plc, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Tanaka, R., The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Study of the Earth's Interior, Okayama University, Misasa, Tottori, Japan; Yokoyama, T., The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Study of the Earth's Interior, Okayama University, Misasa, Tottori, Japan, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Tokyo, Japan; Kitagawa, H., The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Study of the Earth's Interior, Okayama University, Misasa, Tottori, Japan; Tesfaye, D.B., The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Study of the Earth's Interior, Okayama University, Misasa, Tottori, Japan, YMG Gold Mining Plc, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Nakamura, E., The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Study of the Earth's Interior, Okayama University, Misasa, Tottori, Japan	The 238U-230Th internal isochron method has great potential for determining eruption ages of young volcanic materials if the separated groundmass phases have a sufficiently wide range of U/Th ratios. We examined the fractionation behavior of U and Th in aged (i.e., &gt;0.5Ma) basaltic samples by 6M hydrochloric acid leaching to evaluate the applicability of acid-leaching treatment for the 238U-230Th internal isochron method. Acid leaching of aged basaltic rocks in 238U-234U-230Th secular equilibrium at the bulk-rock scale results in 230Th-238U and 234U-238U radioactive disequilibria for both leachates and residues. These radioactive disequilibria can be explained by redistribution of 234Th (parent of 234U) and 230Th between acid-soluble and acid-resistant phases due to α-recoil. The number of 230Th atoms redistributed by α-recoil can be calculated by using a mass conservation equation for 234U atoms and by the relative amount of recoiled 230Th and 234Th, the latter proportional to the kinetic energy of the recoiled nuclide. When the fraction of daughter nuclide 234U remaining in either the residue or leachate, after α-recoil redistribution of 238U, is large enough (&gt;95%), the corrected (230Th/238U) values of leachate and residue show radioactive equilibria. This result demonstrates that preferential fractionation between U and Th does not occur during acid leaching for basaltic samples if there is no selective etching of the α-recoil track. This study implies that acid-leaching can be used in conjunction with the 238U-230Th internal isochron method for dating young volcanic rocks by evaluating the degree of the α-recoil redistribution of 234U. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.	238U-230Th internal isochron; Acid leaching; α-Recoil	Basalt; Isotopes; Kinetic energy; Kinetics; Leaching; Radioactivity; Thorium; Volcanic rocks; Volcanoes; <sup>238</sup>U-<sup>230</sup>Th internal isochron; Acid leaching; Acid leaching treatments; Alpha-recoil track; Hydrochloric acid leaching; Mass conservation equations; Secular equilibrium; Volcanic materials; Uranium; basalt; hydrochloric acid; isotopic fractionation; isotopic ratio; leachate; uranium series dating; volcanic eruption; volcanic rock	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953492925	Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of 2 and 3D visualizations in students' understanding of structures of organic molecules	Oke O.K., Alam G.M.	2010	International Journal of Physical Sciences	5	5	None	Department of Science and Technical Education, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria; Faculty of Education, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia	Oke, O.K., Department of Science and Technical Education, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria; Alam, G.M., Faculty of Education, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia	Adopting quantitative approach using test as a key instrument, this study investigated the relative effectiveness of 2 and 3D visualizations on students' performance in the study of organic molecules, structures and nomenclature. The instrument was administered before and after treating two experimental groups with 2 and 3D supplemental learning software following a conventional teaching. The control group was made to interact with textbooks at the times the experimental groups were in the computer laboratory viewing the CD-ROMs. The study was conducted at a College in Lagos. The College had 205 chemistry students and of 205, 40% were randomly selected as the study sample. They were in turn randomly assigned to the three groups. Findings show that due to cultural and economical prejudice and long heritage of traditional teaching, assessment and learning system in place, many students are familiar with traditional system and they also feel comfortable with it. This is why the performance of the group making use of 2D visualization significantly better than the other group making use of 3D visualization. However, scores of students in both experimental groups were close which is higher than control group. Moreover, it is evident that the use of 2 and 3D visualizations enhanced performance in organic chemistry and thus one supplements other. Considering these, the simultaneous use of the two visualizations in the teaching and learning of organic molecules and structures based on closeness of the mean scores of the two experimental groups is suggested considering that 3D might prove more enhancing if students get used to it. © 2010 Academic Journals.	2; 3D visualizations; Effectiveness; Organic molecules; Structures and nomenclature	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930526201	The impact of vitamin D on the innate immune response to uropathogenic Escherichia coli during pregnancy	Ramos N.L., Sekikubo M., Kironde F., Mirembe F., Sääf M., Brauner A.	2015	Clinical Microbiology and Infection	21	5	10.1016/j.cmi.2014.12.010	Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden	Ramos, N.L., Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Sekikubo, M., Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Kironde, F., Department of Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Mirembe, F., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Sääf, M., Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden; Brauner, A., Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden	Urinary tract infections are highly common during pregnancy, and can cause serious complications for the mother and baby. Vitamin D, predominantly obtained from the sunlight, is known to have an effect on the urothelium, with immunomodulatory capacity against Escherichia coli infection. However, its influence at this site remains to be further explored. This study therefore investigated its impact during pregnancy in a population of women who have the possibility of adequate year-round sun exposure. Serum from pregnant Ugandan women (n=32) in each trimester of pregnancy, from women after delivery (n=29) and from never-pregnant controls (n=25) was collected. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD), cathelicidin LL-37, human β-defensin 2, interleukin (IL)-8 and soluble CD14 serum concentrations were measured by chemiluminescence immunoassay or ELISA. The ability of serum to inhibit E.coli growth was tested. The immunomodulatory capacities of these serum samples and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D<inf>3</inf> were investigated in urothelial cells. Increases in 25-OHD and LL-37 levels were observed as pregnancy progressed, peaking in the third trimester. Serum 25-OHD levels were higher in multigravidae than in primigravidae, and correlated positively with maternal age. IL-8 levels were lower in the third trimester than in the first trimester, increased after delivery, but remained below those of never-pregnant women. Similarly, soluble CD14 concentrations increased after delivery. As gestation advanced, serum had an increased capacity to inhibit E.coli growth. Invitro, it modulated the IL-8 response to infection in a vitamin D concentration-dependent manner. Our findings demonstrate that increasing vitamin D levels as pregnancy advances modulate the innate immune system towards a protective response to infection. © 2014 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.	25-hydroxyvitamin D; Escherichia coli; Interleukin-8; LL-37; Pregnancy; Urinary tract infection	25 hydroxyvitamin D; beta defensin 2; calcitriol; cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide LL 37; CD14 antigen; interleukin 8; vitamin D; adult; Article; bacterial growth; bladder epithelium; blood level; chemoluminescence; clinical article; controlled study; delivery; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; female; first trimester pregnancy; growth inhibition; human; human cell; immunomodulation; in vitro study; innate immunity; maternal age; multigravida; nonhuman; pregnancy; primigravida; priority journal; sun exposure; third trimester pregnancy; Ugandan; uropathogenic Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84886892798	Evaluation of structurally related 3-substituted 4-amino-2-arylquinolines and 2-aryl-4-methoxyquinolines for potential antimycobacterial activity	Labuschagné A., Lall N., Mphahlele M.J.	2013	International Arabic Journal of Antimicrobial Agents	3	2	10.3823/728	Department of Plant Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, P.O. Box 392, Pretoria 0003, South Africa	Labuschagné, A., Department of Plant Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Lall, N., Department of Plant Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Mphahlele, M.J., Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, P.O. Box 392, Pretoria 0003, South Africa	Background: A series of structurally related 2-aryl-4-(amino/methoxy)quinoline derivatives were evaluated for potential antimycobacterial activity against Myco-bacterium tuberculosis strain H37Rv. Methods: The chemical compounds were tested against a drug sensitive and drug-resistant strains of M. tuberculosis using rapid radiometric techniques. The selected derivatives were tested for their intracellular activity against TB- infected macrophages. Two 4-amino-2,3-diarylquinoline derivatives were investigated for their immune modulatory effect with regard to to Th1 and Th2-subset cytokines Results: A complete inhibition of a drug sensitive strain of M. tuberculosis was observed at 20.0 μg/mL for 4-amino-2-(4-chlorophenyl)quinoline 3b, 4-amino-3-iodo-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)quinoline 5d, 4-amino-2,3-diphenylquinoline 6a, 4-ami-no-2-(4-fuorophenyl)-3-phenylquinoline 6b and 4-amino-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-phenylquinoline 6d. These derivatives were further evaluated for activity against a multidrug resistant strain of M. tuberculosis. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against a two drug-resistant strain was found to be ≥5.0≤20.0 μg/mL. Systems 6a and 6b were, in turn, subjected to cytotoxicity assay using U937 human macrophages and their subsequent intracellular antimycobacterial activity was determined. Intracellular M. tuberculosis growth was inhibited with 64 and 61% by compounds 6a and 6b, at concentrations of 18.00 and 14.00 μg/mL, respectively. Moreover, these two 4-amino-2,3-diarylquinoline derivatives were also investigated for their immune modulatory effect according to Th1 and Th2-subset cytokines. System 6b indicated activity that stimulated multi-effector macrophages with a mixed Th1/Th2 cytokine profile. Conclusions: The presence of a primary amino group at C-4 and phenyl ring at C-3 and the accompanying increased basicity of the quinoline ring as well as electronic effect and lipophilicity of the substituent on the para position of the 2-phenyl ring seem to be critical for the antimycobacterial activity of the 2,3-diarylquinoline derivatives. Overall, the production of cytokines from this specifc experiment gives an idea of the amount of individual cytokines produced daily instead of a cumulative response to the test samples during infection. Compound 6a holds potential to modulate the functionality of M. tuberculosis infected macrophages. © Under License of Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.	2-aryl-4-methoxyquinolines; 4-amino-2-arylquinolines; Antimycobacterial activity; Immunomod-ulation; Mycobacterium tuberculosis	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883776379	Field evaluation of 3D geo-electrical resistivity imaging for environmental and engineering studies using parallel 2D profiles	Aizebeokhai A.P., Singh V.S.	2013	Current Science	105	4	None	Department of Physics, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria; CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad 500 007, India	Aizebeokhai, A.P., Department of Physics, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria; Singh, V.S., CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad 500 007, India	Eight parallel two-dimensional (2D) geo-electrical resistivity profiles were generated in hard-rock (Pulivendla) area of Andhra Pradesh, India using a Lund imaging multi-electrode system adopting Wen-ner array. The aim of the survey was to experiment-tally evaluate the effectiveness of using parallel 2D profiles for three-dimensional (3D) geo-electrical resistivity imaging for better understanding of aquifer geometry and its characteristics. The observed 2D apparent resistivity data were independently inverted, and then collated to 3D data set. The inversion of the resulting 3D data set was carried out using a full 3D inversion code. The 3D inverse model of resistivity images obtained are presented as horizontal depth slices. The 2D images extracted from 3D inverse models showed no distortions that are observed in 2D models obtained by 2D inversion. The 3D inverse model resis-tivity appears to be more realistic, considering the hydrogeology of the area. The unusually high resistiv-ity values observed in the 2D inverse models were not observed in the 3D inverse models. The very low near-surface inverse model resistivity observed is thought to be structurally influenced. The results, which are consistent with numerical evaluation, show that high resolution 3D geoelectrical resistivity imaging can be successfully conducted using parallel 2D profiles if appropriate survey parameters are carefully chosen.	2D and 3D imaging; 3D inversion; Field evaluation; Parallel 2D profiles; Resistivity survey	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80051712935	Evaluation of the in vitro differential protein adsorption patterns of didanosine-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) for potential targeting to the brain	Kasongo K.W., Jansch M., Müller R.H., Walker R.B.	2011	Journal of Liposome Research	21	3	10.3109/08982104.2010.539186	Department of Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, NutriCosmetics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Division of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa	Kasongo, K.W., Department of Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, NutriCosmetics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany, Division of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; Jansch, M., Department of Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, NutriCosmetics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Müller, R.H., Department of Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, NutriCosmetics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Walker, R.B., Division of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa	The preferential in vitro adsorption of apolipoprotein E (Apo E) onto the surface of colloidal drug carriers may be used as a strategy to evaluate the in vivo potential for such systems to transport drugs to the brain. The aim of this research was to investigate the in vitro protein adsorption patterns of didanosine-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (DDI-NLCs), using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-D PAGE), in order to establish the potential for NLCs to deliver DDI to the brain. NLC formulations were manufactured using high-pressure homogenization using a lipid matrix consisting of a mixture of Precirol ® ATO 5 and Transcutol ® HP. The 2-D PAGE analysis revealed that NLCs in formulations stabilized using Solutol ® HS 15 alone or with a ternary surfactant system consisting of Solutol ® HS 15, Tween ® 80, and Lutrol ® F68, preferentially adsorbed proteins, such as Apo E. Particles stabilized with Tween ® 80 and Lutrol ® F68 did not adsorb Apo E in these studies, which could be related to the relatively large particle size and hence small surface area observed for these NLCs. These findings have revealed that DDI-loaded NLCs may have the potential to deliver DDI to the brain in vivo and, in addition, to Tween ® 80, which has already been shown to have the ability to facilitate the targeting of colloidal drug delivery systems to the brain. Solutol ® HS 15stabilized nanoparticles may also achieve a similar purpose. © 2011 Informa Healthcare USA, Inc.	2-D PAGE; Brain dementia complex; Brain targeting; Didanosine; NLC; Plasma protein adsorption; Solutol ® HS 15	apolipoprotein E; didanosine; diethylene glycol monoethyl ether; drug carrier; glycerol palmitostearate; nanomaterial; nanostructured lipid carrier; poloxamer; polysorbate 80; solutol hs 15; unclassified drug; adsorption; article; drug formulation; encapsulation; particle size; polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; priority journal; protein adsorption pattern; zeta potential; Adsorption; Anti-HIV Agents; Brain; Didanosine; Drug Carriers; Drug Delivery Systems; Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; Humans; Lipids; Nanostructures; Particle Size; Proteins; Surface Properties; Surface-Active Agents	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84868459367	Electrical resistivity survey for groundwater investigations and shallow subsurface evaluation of the basaltic-greenstone formation of the urban Bulawayo aquifer	Muchingami I., Hlatywayo D.J., Nel J.M., Chuma C.	2012	Physics and Chemistry of the Earth	None	None	10.1016/j.pce.2012.08.014	Applied Physics Department, National University of Science and Technology, Box AC939, Ascot, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe; Department of Earth Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Box X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa	Muchingami, I., Applied Physics Department, National University of Science and Technology, Box AC939, Ascot, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe, Department of Earth Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Box X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; Hlatywayo, D.J., Applied Physics Department, National University of Science and Technology, Box AC939, Ascot, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe; Nel, J.M., Department of Earth Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Box X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; Chuma, C., Applied Physics Department, National University of Science and Technology, Box AC939, Ascot, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe	Electrical resistivity surveying methods have been widely used to determine the thickness and resistivity of layered media for the purpose of assessing groundwater potential and siting boreholes in fractured unconfined aquifers. Traditionally, this has been done using one-dimensional (1D) vertical electrical sounding (VES) surveys. However, 1D VES surveys only model layered structures of the subsurface and do not provide comprehensive information for interpreting the structure and extent of subsurface hydro-geological features. As such the incorporation of two-dimensional (2D) geophysical techniques for groundwater prospecting has often been used to provide a more detailed interpretation of the subsurface hydro-geological features from which potential sites for successful borehole location are identified. In this study, 2D electrical resistivity tomography was combined with 1D VES to produce a subsurface resistivity model for assessing the availability of groundwater in the basaltic-greenstone formation of the Matsheumhlope well field in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. Low resistivity readings (<50. Ωm) towards the central region of the study area suggest a high groundwater potential, while high resistivities (>500. Ωm) around the western margin of the study area suggests a low groundwater potential. 2D electrical resistivity surveys provide a more detailed subsurface structure and may assist in identifying the configuration of possible fractures which could conduct groundwater into the shallow subsurface of study area. It is concluded that 2D electrical resistivity methods is an effective tool for assessing the availability of groundwater in the highly weathered and fractured basaltic greenstone rocks. The methods provided a more precise hydro-geophysical model for the study area compared to the traditional VES. Results from this study are useful for technical groundwater management as they clearly identified suitable borehole locations for long term groundwater prospecting. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.	2D (two-dimensional); Electrical resistivity; Groundwater; Resistivity models; Unconfined aquifer	Comprehensive information; Effective tool; Electrical resistivity; Electrical resistivity tomography; Geophysical techniques; Groundwater management; High resistivity; Layered media; Layered Structures; Low resistivity; Potential sites; Resistivity models; Shallow subsurface; Study areas; Subsurface structures; Unconfined aquifers; Vertical electrical sounding; Zimbabwe; Aquifers; Basalt; Boreholes; Electric conductivity; Electric prospecting; Geophysics; Groundwater; Hydrogeology; Structural geology; Surveys; Two dimensional; Water management; Groundwater resources; basalt; borehole; electrical resistivity; greenstone; groundwater; tomography; two-dimensional modeling; unconfined aquifer; urban area; vertical electrical sounding; water management; Bulawayo [Bulawayo (PRV)]; Bulawayo [Zimbabwe]; Zimbabwe	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84861311153	Comparative performance of HbA1c 6.5% for FPG &gt;7.0 vs 2hr PG&gt;11.1 criteria for diagnosis of type 2 diabetes	Adamu A.N.	2011	African Health Sciences	11	3	None	Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin, Nigeria	Adamu, A.N., Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin, Nigeria	Background: International expert committee on the use of HbA1c to diagnose diabetes mellitus in 2009 and World Health Organization (WHO) in 2011 has advocated the use of HbA1c to diagnose diabetes mellitus. Objective: To determine and compare the relationship between the new cut off value of HbA1c with established criteria. Methods: Thirty-one hypertensive subjects attending Lagos University Teaching Hospital were recruited for HbA1c and standard oral glucose tolerance test. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and two-hour plasma glucose (2hrpp) value of e"126mg/dl and >200mg/dl were used as standard respectively for diagnosis of diabetes. The HbA1c of e"6.5% was used to diagnose diabetes. The performance and correlation of HbA1c with FPG and 2hrpp were calculated and results were compared. Results: Mean age of the subjects was 53.97±6.27years. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), efficiency and correlation of FPG is 50%, 68%, 27%, 85%, 64% and 0.5 respectively while the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, efficiency and correlation of 2hrpp is 73.91%, 62.5%,85%, 41.66%, 70.97% and 0.73% respectively. There was a significant difference between FPG and 2hrpp interms of sensitivity, PPV and NPV. Conclusion: The results of HbA1c with 2hrpp has better correlation, sensitivity, and PPV compared to HbA1c with FPG.	2-hour post-prandial glucose; Diabetes diagnosis; Fasting plasma glucoe; HbA1c	glucose; hemoglobin A1c; glycosylated hemoglobin; hemoglobin A1c protein, human; adult; article; clinical article; comparative study; controlled study; diagnostic test accuracy study; diet restriction; female; glucose blood level; human; hypertension; male; non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus; oral glucose tolerance test; predictive value; sensitivity and specificity; standard; university hospital; blood; cross-sectional study; glucose blood level; glucose tolerance test; middle aged; reference value; Blood Glucose; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose Tolerance Test; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Predictive Value of Tests; Reference Values; Sensitivity and Specificity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-18844452979	Radiosynthesis and evaluation of two novel 123I-labeled 2-methyl-4-nitroimidazole derivatives as potential infection imaging agents	Rossouw D.D., Lötter M.G., Du Raan H., Jansen S.E., Höhn A., Burger B.V.	2005	Nuclear Medicine and Biology	32	4	10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2005.02.001	iThemba Lab. for Accel.-Based Sci., PO Box 722, Somerset-West 7129, South Africa; Department of Medical Physics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa	Rossouw, D.D., iThemba Lab. for Accel.-Based Sci., PO Box 722, Somerset-West 7129, South Africa; Lötter, M.G., Department of Medical Physics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; Du Raan, H., Department of Medical Physics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; Jansen, S.E., Department of Medical Physics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; Höhn, A., iThemba Lab. for Accel.-Based Sci., PO Box 722, Somerset-West 7129, South Africa; Burger, B.V., Department of Chemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa	Introduction: The inflammation- and infection-seeking properties of 131I-labeled ornidazole, a 5-nitroimidazole derivative, have recently been reported. Whole-body images in rabbits showed a more rapid uptake in inflamed areas compared to 67Ga. In the present study, two novel 123I-labeled 2-methyl-4-nitroimidazole derivatives were synthesized and their infection-seeking properties compared with those of 67Ga and 123I-labeled ornidazole. Methods: Radiolabeling was carried out by means of iodide-for-tosylate, triflate or halogen exchange. Various methods were utilized in order to synthesize the labeling precursors for the 123I-labeled novel compounds. Serum stability studies on all of the 123I-labeled tracers were followed by gamma camera imaging studies on rabbits artificially infected with Escherichia coli bacteria. Results and Conclusions: The 123I-labeled tracers were obtained in moderate to good radiochemical yields (34-80%) and acceptable radiochemical purities (93-99%). In contrast to 123I-labeled ornidazole, 1-[(1-hydroxy-3-[123I]iodoprop-2-yloxy)methyl]-2-methyl-4- nitroimidazole (2) and 1-[(1-[123I]iodoprop-2-yloxy)methyl]-2-methyl- 4-nitroimidazole (3) showed high serum stability. Compared to noninfected controls, all of the 123I-labeled tracers showed increased uptake at the area of induced infection after 6 and 24 h, but the uptake was significantly lower than in the case of 67Ga over the same period. Tracer 3 showed a slightly superior uptake after 6 h than the other 123I-labeled tracers over the same period. The advantage of the initially slightly faster rate at which nitroimidazole tracers appear to accumulate in the infection area in comparison to 67Ga might not outweigh the advantage of the eventual higher target to nontarget ratio displayed by 67Ga. © 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	2-Methyl-4-nitroimidazoles; 123I; Imaging; Infection; Radiosynthesis	1 [(1 hydroxy 3 iodoprop 2 yloxy)methyl] 2 methyl 4 nitroimidazole i 123; 1 [(1 iodoprop 2 yloxy)methyl] 2 methyl 4 nitroimidazole i 123; gallium 67; halogen; iodide; nitroimidazole derivative; ornidazole i 123; tracer; trifluoromethanesulfonic acid; unclassified drug; animal experiment; article; bacterial infection; controlled study; drug accumulation; drug screening; drug stability; drug synthesis; drug uptake; Escherichia coli; female; isotope labeling; male; nonhuman; rabbit; radioiodination; rat; scintillation camera; Animals; Citrates; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Escherichia coli Infections; Feasibility Studies; Female; Gallium; Iodine Radioisotopes; Male; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Nitroimidazoles; Ornidazole; Rabbits; Radiopharmaceuticals; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955583128	Expeditious synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 2,N 6-disubstituted 1,2-dihydro-1,3,5-triazine-4,6-diamines as potential antimalarials	Gravestock D., Rousseau A.L., Lourens A.C.U., Moleele S.S., Van Zyl R.L., Steenkamp P.A.	2011	European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry	46	6	10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.02.054	Discovery Chemistry, CSIR Biosciences, Private Bag X2, Modderfontein 1645, Johannesburg, South Africa; Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa; Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, PO Wits 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa; Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa	Gravestock, D., Discovery Chemistry, CSIR Biosciences, Private Bag X2, Modderfontein 1645, Johannesburg, South Africa; Rousseau, A.L., Discovery Chemistry, CSIR Biosciences, Private Bag X2, Modderfontein 1645, Johannesburg, South Africa, Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, PO Wits 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa; Lourens, A.C.U., Discovery Chemistry, CSIR Biosciences, Private Bag X2, Modderfontein 1645, Johannesburg, South Africa, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Moleele, S.S., Discovery Chemistry, CSIR Biosciences, Private Bag X2, Modderfontein 1645, Johannesburg, South Africa; Van Zyl, R.L., Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa; Steenkamp, P.A., Discovery Chemistry, CSIR Biosciences, Private Bag X2, Modderfontein 1645, Johannesburg, South Africa, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa	A small set of novel 2,N6-disubstituted 1,2-dihydro-1,3,5- triazine-4,6-diamines was prepared possessing a flexible tether between the exocyclic nitrogen bonded to C-6 of the 1,2-dihydro-1,3,5-triazine-4,6-diamine heterocycle and the distal aryl ring. Three zones were varied in this series of compounds, namely the nature of the substituent(s) on C-2; the nature of the substituent(s) on the distal aryl ring; as well as the nature and length of the flexible tether between the rings. The compound showing the best antimalarial activity (cycloguanil-resistant FCR-3 Plasmodium falciparum IC50 = 0.99 μM) was N6-(3-(4-chlorophenoxy)propyl)-2-(furan-2-yl)-1,2- dihydro-1,3,5-triazine-4,6-diamine hydrochloride. © 2011 Elsevier Masson SAS.	2,N6-Disubstituted 1,2-dihydro-1,3,5- triazine-4,6-diamine; Antimalarial; Biguanide; Cycloguanil; FCR-3 Plasmodium falciparum strain	2 phenyl n 6 (3 (2,4,6 trichlorophenoxy)propyl) 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; 4,6 diamino 1,2 dihydro 2,2 dimethyl 1 [3 (2,4,5 trichlorophenoxy)propoxy] 1,3,5 triazine; antimalarial agent; cycloguanil; diamine derivative; n 4 (3 (4 chlorophenoxy)propyl) 1,3,5 triazaspiro[5.5]undeca 1,3 diene 2,4 diamine; n 4 benzyl 1,3,5 triazaspiro[5.5]undeca 1,3 diene 2,4 diamine; n 6 (3 (2 fluorophenoxy)propyl) 2 phenyl 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (3 (2,4 dichlorophenoxy)propyl) 2 phenyl 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (3 (3,4 dichlorophenoxy)propyl) 2 phenyl 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (3 (4 chlorophenoxy)propyl) 2 (2 chlorophenyl) 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (3 (4 chlorophenoxy)propyl) 2 (4 (dimethylaminol)phenyl) 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (3 (4 chlorophenoxy)propyl) 2 (4 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl) 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (3 (4 chlorophenoxy)propyl) 2 (4 fluorophenyl)1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (3 (4 chlorophenoxy)propyl) 2 (4 methoxyphenyl) 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (3 (4 chlorophenoxy)propyl) 2 (4 nitrophenyl) 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (3 (4 chlorophenoxy)propyl) 2 (furan 2 yl) 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (3 (4 chlorophenoxy)propyl) 2 cyclohexyl 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (3 (4 chlorophenoxy)propyl) 2 phenyl 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (3 (4 chlorophenoxy)propyl) 2,2 dimethyl 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (3 (4 chlorophenylthio)propyl) 2 phenyl 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (3 (4 chlorophenylthio)propyl) 2,2 dimethyl 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (3 (4 methoxyphenoxy)propyl) 2 phenyl 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (3 (4 nitrrophenoxy)propyl) 2 phenyl 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (3,4 dichlorophenethyl) 2 (4 fluorophenyl) 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (3,4 dichlorophenethyl) 2 (4 nitrophenyl) 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (4 (4 chlorophenoxy)propyl) 2 phenyl 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (4 chlorophenethyl) 2,2 dimethyl 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (5 (4 chlorophenoxy)propyl) 2 phenyl 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 benzyl 2,2 dimethyl 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; unclassified drug; antimalarial activity; article; binding site; drug synthesis; erythrocyte; hemolysis; IC 50; nonhuman; Plasmodium falciparum; substitution reaction; Antimalarials; Molecular Structure; Parasitic Sensitivity Tests; Plasmodium falciparum; Stereoisomerism; Structure-Activity Relationship; Triazines	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-52649159267	Evaluation of the effect of azo group on the biological activity of 1-(4-Methylphenylazo)-2-naphthol	Mkpenie V., Ebong G., Obot I.B., Abasiekong B.	2008	E-Journal of Chemistry	5	3	None	Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, P. M. B. 1017, Uyo, Nigeria; Department of Science and Technology, Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic, P.M.B. 200, Ikot Ekpene, Nigeria	Mkpenie, V., Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, P. M. B. 1017, Uyo, Nigeria; Ebong, G., Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, P. M. B. 1017, Uyo, Nigeria; Obot, I.B., Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, P. M. B. 1017, Uyo, Nigeria; Abasiekong, B., Department of Science and Technology, Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic, P.M.B. 200, Ikot Ekpene, Nigeria	Azo-2-naphthol and 2-naphthol were tested against five microorganisms: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus faecalis. 2-Naphthol was slightly active while azo-2-naphthol was highly active against all the bacteria species tested. The presence of azo group contributed more than 60% of the antibacterial activities exhibited by azo-2-naphthol on all the bacteria tested.	2-Naphthol; Antibacterial activity; Azo compound; p-Toluidine	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928944900	Synthesis and evaluation of antimicrobial activity of novel 3-{[1-pyridin-2-yl methylene]amino}-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-one analogues	Karthikeyan R., Idhayadhulla A., Manilal A., Merdekios B., Kumar R.S., Nasser A.J.A.	2015	Der Pharmacia Lettre	7	4	None	P.G and Research Department of Chemistry, Jamal Mohamed College, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Chemistry, Sri Vinayaga College of Arts and Science, Thiruvalluvar University, Ulundurpet, Villupuram (Dt), Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia; Department of Chemistry, Shivani Engineering College, Trichy (Dt), Tamil Nadu, India	Karthikeyan, R., P.G and Research Department of Chemistry, Jamal Mohamed College, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India; Idhayadhulla, A., Department of Chemistry, Sri Vinayaga College of Arts and Science, Thiruvalluvar University, Ulundurpet, Villupuram (Dt), Tamil Nadu, India; Manilal, A., Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia; Merdekios, B., Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia; Kumar, R.S., Department of Chemistry, Shivani Engineering College, Trichy (Dt), Tamil Nadu, India; Nasser, A.J.A., P.G and Research Department of Chemistry, Jamal Mohamed College, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India	New series of 2-thioxo imidazolidin-4-one derivatives were synthesized. The newly synthesized compounds were screened for antimicrobial activity and compared with Ciprofloxacin and Clotrimazole standards. 2- Thioxoimidazolidin-4-ones (3a-f) and (4a-f) were synthesized employing Mannich base method by interacting 2- thioxoimidazolidin-4-one (2) with benzaldehyde and thiosemicarbazide or semicarbazide . The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectral studies. The synthesized compounds were screened for in vitro antibacterial activity against various bacterial strains and antifungal activity against various fungal strains. Compound (3b) was highly active against S.aureus compared with standard Ciprofloxacin in antibacterial screening, and compound (4d) was highly active against A.niger compared with Clotrimazole in antifungal screening.	2-Thioximidazolidin-4-one; Antibacterial activity; Antifungal activity; Mannich base	2 (4 chlorophenyl)[[[4 oxo 3 (pyridin 2 ylmethylene)amino] 2 thioximidazolidin 1 yl]methyl]hydrazinecarbothioamide; 2 (4 chlorophenyl)[[[4 oxo 3 (pyridin 2 ylmethylene)amino] 2 thioximidazolidin 1 yl]methyl]hydrazinecarboxamide; 2 (4 dimethylaminophenyl)[[[4 oxo 3 (pyridin 2 ylmethylene)amino] 2 thioximidazolidin 1 yl]methyl]hydrazinecarbothioamide; 2 (4 dimethylaminophenyl)[[[4 oxo 3 (pyridin 2 ylmethylene)amino] 2 thioximidazolidin 1 yl]methyl]hydrazinecarboxamide; 2 (4 hydroxyphenyl)[[[4 oxo 3 (pyridin 2 ylmethylene)amino] 2 thioximidazolidin 1 yl]methyl]hydrazinecarbothioamide; 2 (4 hydroxyphenyl)[[[4 oxo 3 (pyridin 2 ylmethylene)amino] 2 thioximidazolidin 1 yl]methyl]hydrazinecarboxamide; 2 (4 methoxyphenyl)[[[4 oxo 3 (pyridin 2 ylmethylene)amino] 2 thioximidazolidin 1 yl]methyl]hydrazinecarbothioamide; 2 (4 methoxyphenyl)[[[4 oxo 3 (pyridin 2 ylmethylene)amino] 2 thioximidazolidin 1 yl]methyl]hydrazinecarboxamide; 2 (4 nitrophenyl)[[[4 oxo 3 (pyridin 2 ylmethylene)amino] 2 thioximidazolidin 1 yl]methyl]hydrazinecarbothioamide; 2 (4 nitrophenyl)[[[4 oxo 3 (pyridin 2 ylmethylene)amino] 2 thioximidazolidin 1 yl]methyl]hydrazinecarboxamide; 2 2 [[4 oxo 3 [(pyridin 2 ylmethylene)amino] 2 thioxoimidazolidin 1 yl]][(phenyl)methyl]hydrazinecarbothioamide; 2 [[4 oxo 3 [(pyridin 2 ylmethylene)amino] 2 thioxoimidazolidin 1 yl]][(phenyl)methyl]hydrazinecarbothioamide; 3 [(1 pyridin 2 yl methylene)amino]thioxoimidazolidin 4 one derivative; 3 [[1 pyridin 2 ylmethylene]amino] 2 thioxoimidazolidin 4 one; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; benzaldehyde; ciprofloxacin; clotrimazole; semicarbazide; thiosemicarbazide; unclassified drug; antibacterial activity; antifungal activity; antimicrobial activity; Article; carbon nuclear magnetic resonance; controlled study; drug screening; drug structure; drug synthesis; infrared spectroscopy; nonhuman; proton nuclear magnetic resonance	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84856867483	Effects of genetic group x ambient temperature interactions on performance and physiological responses of Naked-neck chickens and their F 1 crosses with Lohmann White and New Hampshire laying hens	Melesse A., Maak S., Von Lengerken G.	2011	Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences	20	4	None	Hawassa University, Department of Animal and Range Sciences, P.O. Box 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia; Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Research Unit Muscle Biology and Growth, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, D-18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 11, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany	Melesse, A., Hawassa University, Department of Animal and Range Sciences, P.O. Box 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia; Maak, S., Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Research Unit Muscle Biology and Growth, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, D-18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; Von Lengerken, G., Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 11, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany	The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of genotype x temperature interactions on hormonal heat stress indicators and performance traits. Two-hundred forty female one-day-old chicks were randomly assigned to a completely randomized design in a 5×2 factorial arrangement with 5 genotypes (Naked-neck, Na, from Ethiopia; New Hampshire, NH; Lohmann White, LW and F 1 crosses of Na with NH and LW) and 2 ambient temperatures (thermo-neutral, 18-20°C; heat stress, 30-32 °C). Blood samples were taken from 12 randomly selected birds per genotype and ambient temperature at 22, 38, 51 and 65 weeks of age. Levels of corticosterone (CS) and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T 3) were determined in blood plasma. Heat stress effects on egg production traits were most severe in LW and NH, least severe in Na and Na × LW, intermediate in Na × NH. Plasma T 3 level was significantly reduced by 27.9% in heat stressed genotypes. Plasma CS increased by 12.6% in heat exposed genotypes. However, inconsistent responses of CS and T 3 levels were observed at different ages. The Na and their F 1 crosses demonstrated relatively better thermotolerance than LW and NH hens. Levels of plasma T 3 hormone might be considered as indicator of long-term heat stress in hens.	3,5,3'-Triiodothyronine; Corticosterone; F 1 crosses; Genotype x temperature interaction; Heat stress; Naked-neck chicken	Aves; Gallus gallus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-53849091665	Effects of 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzeneboronic acid as an additive on electrochemical performance of propylene carbonate-based electrolytes for lithium ion batteries	Wang B., Qu Q.T., Xia Q., Wu Y.P., Li X., Gan C.L., van Ree T.	2008	Electrochimica Acta	54	2	10.1016/j.electacta.2008.06.070	Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, No. 220, Handan road, Shanghai 200433, China; Guotai Huarong Chemical New Materials Co. Ltd., Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Chemistry, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, 0950, South Africa	Wang, B., Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, No. 220, Handan road, Shanghai 200433, China; Qu, Q.T., Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, No. 220, Handan road, Shanghai 200433, China; Xia, Q., Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, No. 220, Handan road, Shanghai 200433, China; Wu, Y.P., Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, No. 220, Handan road, Shanghai 200433, China; Li, X., Guotai Huarong Chemical New Materials Co. Ltd., Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu Province, China; Gan, C.L., Guotai Huarong Chemical New Materials Co. Ltd., Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu Province, China; van Ree, T., Department of Chemistry, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, 0950, South Africa	The effects of 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzeneboronic acid (BA) as a new film-forming additive have been theoretically and experimentally studied for a graphite (CMS) electrode in propylene carbonate-based (PC) electrolyte for lithium ion batteries. Calculation based on the density functional theory (DFT) method suggests that the energy of the LUMO (the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) of BA is lower than that of PC, consistent with the results of cyclic voltammograms that BA is reduced before PC. SEM, FT-IR and XPS measurements show that the reduced products of BA contribute in part to the effective SEI film on the graphite electrode surface. Discharge-charge measurements indicate that the addition of BA can effectively prevent the decomposition and the co-intercalation of PC, and lithium ions can reversibly intercalate into and deintercalate from the graphite electrode. These results show that addition of BA improves the electrochemical performance of graphite in PC-based electrolyte. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)benzeneboronic acid; Cycleability; Film-forming; Lithium ion batteries; Solid electrolyte interface (SEI)	Acids; Carbon; Density functional theory; Electric discharges; Electrolysis; Electrolytes; Graphite; Graphite electrodes; Ions; Lithium; Lithium alloys; Lithium compounds; Molecular orbitals; Probability density function; Propylene; 3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)benzeneboronic acid; Cycleability; Film-forming; Lithium ion batteries; Solid electrolyte interface (SEI); Electrochemical electrodes	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84887429406	Evaluation of Baylis-Hillman Routes to 3-(Aminomethyl)coumarin Derivatives	Olasupo I., Rose N.R., Klein R., Adams L.A., Familoni O.B., Kaye P.T.	2014	Synthetic Communications	44	2	10.1080/00397911.2013.803575	Department of Chemistry, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry and Center for Chemico, Biomedicinal Research, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa	Olasupo, I., Department of Chemistry, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Rose, N.R., Department of Chemistry and Center for Chemico, Biomedicinal Research, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; Klein, R., Department of Chemistry and Center for Chemico, Biomedicinal Research, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; Adams, L.A., Department of Chemistry, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Familoni, O.B., Department of Chemistry, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Kaye, P.T., Department of Chemistry and Center for Chemico, Biomedicinal Research, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa	The relative merits of two different Baylis-Hillman approaches toward the preparation of coumarin derivatives, containing peptide-like side chains, have been explored. In one approach, use of methyl acrylate as the activated alkene requires a protecting group strategy, an approach that is not necessary when using tert-butyl acrylate. [Supplementary materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Synthetic Communications® for the following free supplemental resource(s): Full experimental and spectral details.] © 2014 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.	3-(Aminomethyl)coumarins; aza-Michael; Baylis-Hillman	3 (aminomethyl)coumarin derivative; acrylic acid butyl ester; acrylic acid methyl ester; coumarin derivative; unclassified drug; article; Baylis Hillman reaction; drug structure; nucleophilicity	62273, National Research Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-33746298345	The design of an ERT system for 3D data acquisition and a quantitative evaluation of its performance	Wilkinson A.J., Randall E.W., Long T.M., Collins A.	2006	Measurement Science and Technology	17	8	10.1088/0957-0233/17/8/006	Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, South Africa	Wilkinson, A.J., Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa; Randall, E.W., Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Long, T.M., Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa; Collins, A., Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa	This paper describes a multi-plane implementation of a current-pulse electrical resistance tomography (ERT) data capture system. This is achieved by extending a single plane system, with 16 electrodes and 16 parallel measurement channels, to a one capable of acquiring data in a specified sequence across multiple planes (up to eight) by inserting multiplexer modules in parallel between the instrument and the electrode array. This approach allows high-speed capture systems to be configured for applications such as dual plane cross-correlation velocity measurements or more complex current injection and measurement sequences yielding 3D data sets. The measurement timing and multiplexer measurement sequences are implemented by an embedded processor. Both the executable code and the measurement sequence tables are downloaded to the instrument at start-up. This allows flexibility in specifying the data acquisition sequences and timing required for specific applications without modification of the hardware or embedded code. The effect of measurement noise on the estimated conductivity is quantified and spatial resolution discussed for the case of a 2D online imaging algorithm. Example reconstructions from recorded data sets are presented which verify the operation of the instrument. © 2006 IOP Publishing Ltd.	3D; Current pulse; Electrical resistance tomography; ERT; Multiplexing; Noise; Resolution	Acoustic noise; Data acquisition; Electrodes; Multiplexing; Optical resolving power; Tomography; Current pulse; Electrical resistance tomography (ERT); High-speed capture systems; Multiplexer modules; Electric resistance; Acoustic noise; Data acquisition; Electric resistance; Electrodes; Multiplexing; Optical resolving power; Tomography	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883177457	Supported 3-D Pt nanostructures: The straightforward synthesis and enhanced electrochemical performance for methanol oxidation in an acidic medium	Li Z., Ji S., Pollet B.G., Shen P.K.	2013	Journal of Nanoparticle Research	15	10	10.1007/s11051-013-1959-9	State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry (SAIAMC), University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa	Li, Z., State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Ji, S., South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry (SAIAMC), University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa; Pollet, B.G., South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry (SAIAMC), University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa; Shen, P.K., State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China	Noble metal nanostructures with branched morphologies [i.e., 3-D Pt nanoflowers (NFs)] by tri-dimensionally integrating onto conductive carbon materials are proved to be an efficient and durable electrocatalysts for methanol oxidation. The well-supported 3-D Pt NFs are readily achieved by an efficient cobalt-induced/carbon-mediated galvanic reaction approach. Due to the favorable nanostructures (3-D Pt configuration allowing a facile mass transfer) and supporting effects (including framework stabilization, spatially separate feature, and improved charge transport effects), these 3-D Pt NFs manifest much higher electrocatalytic activity and stability toward methanol oxidation than that of the commercial Pt/C and Pt-based electrocatalysts. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	3-D Pt nanoflowers; Branched morphologies; Fuel cells; Methanol oxidation; Supported electrocatalyst	Conductive carbon; Electrocatalytic activity and stability; Electrochemical performance; Metal nanostructure; Methanol Oxidation; Pt-based electrocatalyst; Supported electrocatalysts; Supporting effect; Conductive materials; Electrocatalysts; Fuel cells; Methanol; Morphology; Oxidation; Platinum; Platinum alloys; Stabilization; Synthesis (chemical); Nanoflowers; carbon; cobalt; methanol; nanomaterial; platinum; article; electrochemical analysis; electrochemistry; molecular stability; morphology; nanocatalyst; oxidation; priority journal; synthesis; transmission electron microscopy; X ray powder diffraction	U1034003, NSFC, National Natural Science Foundation of China; 21073241, NSFC, National Natural Science Foundation of China
Scopus	2-s2.0-84893487553	Synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 3-Farnesyl-2-hydroxybenzoic acid from Piper multiplinervium	Malami I., Gibbons S., Malkinson J.P.	2014	Fitoterapia	93	None	10.1016/j.fitote.2014.01.005	Department of Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacy, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, P.M.B 2346 Sokoto, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom	Malami, I., Department of Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacy, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, P.M.B 2346 Sokoto, Nigeria; Gibbons, S., Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom; Malkinson, J.P., Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom	3-Farnesyl-2-hydroxybenzoic acid is an antibacterial agent isolated from the leaves of Piper multiplinervium. This compound has activity against both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Helicobacter pylori. This research aimed to synthesize a natural antibacterial compound and its analogs. The synthesis of 3-Farnesyl-2-hydroxybenzoic acid consists of three steps: straightforward synthesis involving protection of phenolic hydroxyl group, coupling of suitable isoprenyl chain to the protected aromatic ring at ortho position followed by carboxylation with concomitant deprotection to give the derivatives of the salicylic acid. All the three prenylated compounds synthesized were found to exhibit spectrum of activity against S. aureus (ATCC) having MIC: 5.84 × 10- 3, 41.46 × 10- 2 and 6.19 × 10 - 1 μmol/ml respectively. The compounds also displayed activity against resistance strain of S. aureus (SA1119B) having MIC: 5.84 × 10- 3, 7.29 × 10- 3 and 3.09 × 10 - 1 μmol/ml respectively. This synthesis has been achieved and accomplished with the confirmation of it structure to that of the original natural product, thus producing the first synthesis of the natural product and providing the first synthesis of its analogs with 3-Farnesyl-2-hydroxybenzoic acid having biological activity higher than that of the original natural product. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.	3-Farnesyl-2-hydroxybenzoic acid; Antibacterial; Piper multiplinervium; Prenylated salicylic acid; Staphylococcus aureus	1, 3 dibromo 2 methoxymethoxybenzene; 2 bromo 6 dimethlyallyl 1 methoxymethoxybenzene; 2 bromo 6 farnesyl 1 methoxymethoxybenzene; 2 bromo 6 geranyl 1 methoxymethoxybenzene; 3 dimethylallyl 2 hydroxybenzoic acid; 3 farnesyl 2 hydroxybenzoic acid; 3 geranyl 2 hydroxybenzoic acid; antiinfective agent; aromatic compound; natural product; norfloxacin; phenol; salicylic acid; unclassified drug; 3-farnesyl-2-hydroxybenzoic acid; antiinfective agent; farnesol; hydroxybenzoic acid derivative; antibacterial activity; article; biological activity; carboxylation; controlled study; deprotection reaction; drug isolation; drug screening; drug synthesis; Escherichia coli; Gram negative bacterium; Gram positive bacterium; Helicobacter pylori; isoprenylation; minimum inhibitory concentration; nonhuman; Piper (plant); Piper multiplinervium; plant leaf; prenylation; priority journal; Staphylococcus aureus; structure activity relation; analogs and derivatives; chemistry; medicinal plant; microbial sensitivity test; Piper (plant); synthesis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Farnesol; Hydroxybenzoates; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Piper; Plants, Medicinal	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-71749096148	Evaluation of copper speciation in model solutions of humic acid by mini-columns packed with Chelex-100 and new chelating agents: Application to speciation of selected heavy metals in environmental water samples	Kiptoo J.K., Ngila J.C., Silavwe N.D.	2009	Journal of Hazardous Materials	172	42403	10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.07.119	Department of Chemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya; School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Priv. Bag X54001, Westville, Durban, 4000, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, University of Swaziland, P/Bag 4, Kwaluseni, Swaziland	Kiptoo, J.K., Department of Chemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya; Ngila, J.C., School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Priv. Bag X54001, Westville, Durban, 4000, South Africa; Silavwe, N.D., Department of Chemistry, University of Swaziland, P/Bag 4, Kwaluseni, Swaziland	A solid-phase extraction procedure using mini-columns packed with Chelex-100 and two new chelating agents based on poly(vinyl chloride) functionalized with 3-ferrocenyl-3-hydroxydithioacrylic acid and N,N′-[1,1′-dithiobis(ethylene)]-bis(salicylideneimine) (H2sales) loaded on microcrystalline naphthalene, is reported. The columns were used to separate labile copper fractions in model solutions and in real samples with subsequent determination using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS). Various model solutions containing 20 μg L-1 of Cu2+ and 0.0, 0.2, 2.0 and 20.0 mg L-1 of humic acid, respectively, and buffered to pH 6.0, 7.0 and 8.0 were considered. Results showed a decrease in labile copper fraction with increase in humic acid concentration. Application of the procedure to speciation of Cu, Ni, Zn and Pb in various environmental water samples yielded labile fractions in the range of 1.67-55.75% against a total dissolved fraction of 44.08-69.77%. Comparison of the three chelating agents showed that H2sales had a weaker metal chelating strength than Chelex-100, but PVC-FSSH had comparable chelating strength to Chelex-100. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	3-Ferrocenyl-3-hydroxydithioacrylic acid; Chelating agent; Chelex-100; Labile metal fraction; N,N′-[1,1′-dithiobis(ethylene)]-bis(salicylideneimine)	3-Ferrocenyl-3-hydroxydithioacrylic acid; Chelating agent; Chelex-100; Ferrocenyl; Labile metals; Absorption spectroscopy; Atomic absorption spectrometry; Biological materials; Chelation; Chlorine compounds; Copper; Dissolution; Enzyme immobilization; Ethylene; Heavy water; Lead; Metal recovery; Metals; Naphthalene; Organic acids; Polyvinyl chlorides; Zinc; Extraction; 3 ferrocenyl 3 hydroxydithioacrylic acid; chelating agent; copper; humic acid; lead; n,n' [1,1' dithiobis(ethylene)]bis(salicylideneimine); naphthalene; nickel; polyvinylchloride; river water; unclassified drug; zinc; aqueous solution; chelation; copper; extraction method; humic acid; speciation (chemistry); article; atomic absorption spectrometry; chelation; complex formation; concentration (parameters); controlled study; dissolution; heavy metal removal; metal binding; metal extraction; pH; solid phase extraction; waste water; water treatment; Chelating Agents; Copper; Environmental Remediation; Humic Substances; Ion Exchange; Metals, Heavy; Polyvinyl Chloride; Resins, Synthetic; Solid Phase Extraction; Water Pollutants, Chemical	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84929400224	Computational evaluation of the effect of structural parameters of 3-flouro thiophene and 3-thiophene malonic acid on corrosion inhibition efficiency of mild steel in acidic media	Usman B., Maarof H., Abdallah H.H., Aziz M.	2015	International Journal of Electrochemical Science	10	4	None	Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Johor Bahru, Johor Darul Ta'azim, Malaysia; Advanced Membrane Technology Centre, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Johor Bahru, Johor Darul Ta'azim, Malaysia; Department of P	Usman, B., Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Johor Bahru, Johor Darul Ta'azim, Malaysia, Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Bayero University, Kano. P. M. B, Kano, Nigeria; Maarof, H., Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Johor Bahru, Johor Darul Ta'azim, Malaysia; Abdallah, H.H., Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Johor Bahru, Johor Darul Ta'azim, Malaysia, Department of Chemistry, Education College, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Iraq; Aziz, M., Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Johor Bahru, Johor Darul Ta'azim, Malaysia, Advanced Membrane Technology Centre, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Johor Bahru, Johor Darul Ta'azim, Malaysia	The effect of the substituent's, halide and carboxylic group on thiophene compounds, namely 3-flourothiophene (3FT) and 3-thiophene malonic acid (3TMA) on the corrosion inhibition efficiency of mild steel in acidic media has been predicted using quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) model and quantum chemical calculation. The results from QSAR model show that 3TMA exhibit higher corrosion inhibition efficiency of 85.3 and 91.7%, which may be due to the increase in length of the malonic acid then 3FT which tends to exhibit higher electron withdrawing ability as a result of the fluorine substitution and hence lower corrosion inhibition efficiency of 40.6 and 42.1% respectively. Similarly the molecular structure of the compounds was investigated using density functional theory (DFT) calculation with 6-311G++(d,p) basis set. Quantum chemical parameters were calculated, the results show that QSAR model can be used to predict the corrosion inhibition performance of a compound prior to experimental. © 2015 The Authors.	3-Flourothiophene; 3-Thiophene malonic acid; Corrosion inhibition; DFT; QSAR	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84896518757	Standardized versus customized high-intensity training: Effects on cycling performance	Capostagno B., Lambert M.I., Lamberts R.P.	2014	International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance	9	2	10.1123/IJSPP.2012-0389	UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Sport Science Institute of South Africa, Newlands, South Africa	Capostagno, B., UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Sport Science Institute of South Africa, Newlands, South Africa; Lambert, M.I., UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Sport Science Institute of South Africa, Newlands, South Africa; Lamberts, R.P., UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Sport Science Institute of South Africa, Newlands, South Africa	Purpose:To determine whether a submaximal cycling test could be used to monitor and prescribe high-intensity interval training (HIT)., Methods: Two groups of male cyclists completed 4 HIT sessions over a 2-wk period. The structured-training group (SG; n = 8, VO2max = 58.4 ± 4.2 mL · min-1 · kg-1) followed a predetermined training program while the flexible-training group (FG; n = 7, VO2max = 53.9 ± 5.0 mL · min-1 · kg-1) had the timing of their HIT sessions prescribed based on the data of the Lamberts and Lambert Submaximal Cycle Test (LSCT)., Results: Effect-size calculations showed large differences in the improvements in 40-km time-trial performance after the HIT training between SG (8 ± 45 s) and FG (48 ± 42 s). Heart-rate recovery, monitored during the study, tended to increase in FG and remain unchanged in SG., Conclusions: The results of the current study suggest that the LSCT may be a useful tool for coaches to monitor and prescribe HIT. © 2014 Human Kinetics, Inc.	40-km time trial; Heart-rate recovery; LSCT; Monitoring; Trained cyclists	adult; analysis of variance; article; bicycle; comparative study; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; convalescence; endurance; exercise; exercise test; heart rate; human; male; metabolism; methodology; muscle contraction; oxygen consumption; physiology; randomized controlled trial; skeletal muscle; South Africa; standard; task performance; time; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Bicycling; Exercise Test; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxygen Consumption; Physical Conditioning, Human; Physical Endurance; Recovery of Function; South Africa; Task Performance and Analysis; Time Factors	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84903829330	Predicting cycling performance in trained to elite male and female cyclists	Lamberts R.P.	2014	International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance	9	4	10.1123/IJSPP.2013-0040a	UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Newlands, South Africa; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa	Lamberts, R.P., UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Newlands, South Africa, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa	In high-performance cycling, it is important to maintain a healthy balance between training load and recovery. Recently a new submaximal cycle test, known as the Lamberts and Lambert Submaximal Cycle Test (LSCT), has been shown to be able to accurately predict cycling performance in 15 well-trained cyclists. The aim of this study was to determine the predictive value of the LSCT in 102 trained to elite cyclists (82 men and 20 women). All cyclists performed an LSCT test followed by a peak-power-output (PPO) test, which included respiratory-gas analysis for the determination of maximal oxygen consumption (VO 2max). They then performed the LSCT test followed by a 40-km time trial (TT) 72 h later. Average power output during the 3 stages of the LSCT increased from 31%, 60%, and 79% of PPO, while the ratings of perceived exertion increased from 8 to 13 to 16. Very good relationships were found between actual and LSCT-predicted PPO (r =.98, 95%CI: .97-.98, P &lt;.0001), VO2max (r =.96, 95%CI: .97-.99, P &lt;.0001) and 40-km-TT time (r =.98, 95%CI: .94-.97, P &lt;.0001). No gender differences were found when predicting cycling performance from the LSCT (P =.95). The findings of this study show that the LSCT is able to accurately predict cycling performance in trained to elite male and female cyclists and potentially can be used to prescribe and fine-tune training prescription in cycling. © 2014 Human Kinetics, Inc.	40-km TT; LSCT; Monitoring; PPO; Training status	adolescent; adult; article; bicycle; breath analysis; breathing; endurance; exercise test; female; heart rate; human; male; oxygen consumption; perception; predictive value; sex difference; time; young adult; Adolescent; Adult; Bicycling; Breath Tests; Exercise Test; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Oxygen Consumption; Perception; Physical Endurance; Predictive Value of Tests; Respiration; Sex Factors; Time Factors; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84901813929	Genotoxicity evaluation of 4-carboxyl- 2,6- dinitrophenylazohydroxynaphthalenes in mice	Adegoke O.A., Ghosh M., Manivannan J., Sinha S., Mukherjee A.	2014	Toxicology and Industrial Health	30	5	10.1177/0748233712457442	Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Orita UI, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700 019, India; Department of Botany, Centre for Advanced St	Adegoke, O.A., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Orita UI, Ibadan, Nigeria, Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700 019, India; Ghosh, M., Department of Botany, Centre for Advanced Study, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India; Manivannan, J., Department of Botany, Centre for Advanced Study, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India; Sinha, S., Department of Botany, Centre for Advanced Study, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India; Mukherjee, A., Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700 019, India	A short-term in vivo genotoxicity evaluation of 4-carboxyl-2,6- dinitrophenylazohydronaphthalenes (AZ-01 to AZ-04) has been carried out in mice. Aqueous colloidal solutions of the dyes were administered to mice on each day for 5 successive days using gastric gavages. Two end point assessments of the genotoxicity potentials of the dyes were assessed using comet assay and chromosomal aberration studies using the mice bone marrow cells. The dyes were well tolerated at the doses investigated, as there were no deaths or any adverse pharmacotoxic events. Dose-dependent DNA damage (in terms of percentage of tail DNA and Olive tail moment) occurred with AZ-01 and AZ-02, although the effects were significant only with the highest doses. AZ-03 gave similar patterns with those of AZ-01 and AZ-02, while replacement with butanone in AZ-04 altered the observed pattern. Minimal chromosomal damages were obtained for the four dyes, with AZ-01 and AZ-02 giving nonsignificant damages, while the highest dose of AZ-03 produced significant aberrations in terms of breaks. Some minor isochromatid breaks and gaps were also noticed in the dye-treated mice. Mitotic indices in all cases were not significantly different from concomitantly administered vehicle control showing lack of cytotoxicity of the monoazo dyes at these doses. The monoazo dyes show the potential of being utilized as colorants, pending further required tests. © The Author(s) 2012.	4-Carboxyl-2; 6-dinitrophenylazohydroxynaphthalenes; azo-hydrazone tautomerism; chromosomal aberrations; in vivo comet assay; mitotic index	2 butanone; 4 [(2 hydroxynapthalen 1 yl)diazenyl] 3,5 dinitrobenzoic acid; 4 [(4 hydroxynaphthalen 1 yl)diazenyl] 3,5 dinitrobenzoic acid; 4 [[2 hydroxy 7 (3 oxobutyl)naphthalen 1 yl]diazenyl] 3,5 dinitrobenzoic acid; 4 [[7 (1 carboyethyl) 2 hydroxynaphthalen 1 yl]diazenyl] 3,5 dinitrobenzoic acid; mitomycin; naphthalene derivative; unclassified drug; azo compound; coloring agent; naphthalene derivative; absorption; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; aqueous solution; article; bone marrow cell; chromosome damage; colloid; comet assay; controlled study; cytotoxicity; DNA damage; dose response; genotoxicity; in vitro study; male; mitosis index; mouse; nonhuman; animal; chemically induced; chromosome aberration; drug effects; mutagen testing; Animals; Azo Compounds; Chromosome Aberrations; Coloring Agents; Comet Assay; DNA Damage; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Male; Mice; Mutagenicity Tests; Naphthalenes	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84856430789	In vitro genotoxicity evaluation of 4-carboxyl-2,6-dinitrophenylazohydroxynaphthalenes using human lymphocytes	Adegoke O.A., Kyu J.K., Mukherjee A.	2012	Food and Chemical Toxicology	50	04-Mar	10.1016/j.fct.2011.11.022	Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, 1266 Shinjeong-dong, Jeongeup 580-185, South Korea; Centre of Advanced Study, Cell	Adegoke, O.A., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, Centre of Advanced Study, Cell and Chromosome Research, Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India; Kyu, J.K., Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, 1266 Shinjeong-dong, Jeongeup 580-185, South Korea; Mukherjee, A., Centre of Advanced Study, Cell and Chromosome Research, Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India	The genotoxicity of a new monoazo dye series, 4-carboxyl-2,6-dinitrophenylazohydroxynaphthalenes has been evaluated using human lymphocytes by alkaline comet assay. Freshly isolated human lymphocytes were exposed to the dyes (AZ-01, -02, -03 and -04) at concentrations ranging from 0 to 500 μM for 3. h at 37 °C. Appropriate negative (culture medium) and positive (100 μM methyl methane sulfonate) controls were set up alongside with the dye-treated cells. Comet assay was performed to assess the extent of DNA damage. The four dyes gave varying results with respect to the parameters of DNA damage studied. AZ-01 showed concentration-dependent DNA damage (% Tail DNA) while lower concentrations (31.25-62.5 μM) did not produce any significant difference in the tail extent moment. AZ-02, the positional isomer of AZ-01, gave non-genotoxic effects at lower concentrations for the two DNA parameters. AZ-03 and AZ-04 (possessing additional C-7 substituents) did not produce significant genotoxic effect at all concentrations relative to the negative control. Two of these monoazo dyes show the potential of being used as edible colorants. The results revealed that genotoxicity of congeneric dyes bear a direct relationship to their chemical structure. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.	4-Carboxyl-2,6-dinitrophenylazohydroxynaphthalenes; Comet assay; DNA damage; Genotoxicity; Human lymphocytes	4 [(2 hydroxy 7 (3 oxobutyl)naphthalen 1 yl)diazenyl] 3,5 dinitrobenzoic acid; 4 [(2 hydroxynaphthalen 1 yl)diazenyl] 3,5 dinitrobenzoic acid; 4 [(4 hydroxynaphthalen 1 yl)diazenyl] 3,5 dinitrobenzoic acid; 4 [(7 (1 carboxyethyl) 2 hydroxynaphthalen 1 yl)diazenyl] 3,5 dinitrobenzoic acid; azo dye; unclassified drug; adult; article; cell isolation; cell viability; chemical structure; comet assay; concentration (parameters); controlled study; DNA damage; genotoxicity; human; human cell; in vitro study; lymphocyte; male; structure activity relation; toxicity testing; Azo Compounds; Cells, Cultured; Comet Assay; DNA Damage; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Lymphocytes; Mutagens; Naphthols	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84945278753	Interface behaviour and electrical performance of ruthenium Schottky contact on 4H-SiC after argon annealing	Munthali K.V., Theron C., Auret F.D., Coelho S.M.M.	2015	Bulletin of Materials Science	38	3	None	Department of Physics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Mathematics, Science and Sports Education, University of Namibia, HP Campus, P/Bag 5507, Oshakati, Namibia	Munthali, K.V., Department of Physics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa, Department of Mathematics, Science and Sports Education, University of Namibia, HP Campus, P/Bag 5507, Oshakati, Namibia; Theron, C., Department of Physics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Auret, F.D., Department of Physics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Coelho, S.M.M., Department of Physics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) analysis, carried out at various annealing temperatures, of a thin film of ruthenium on n-type four-hexagonal silicon carbide (4H-SiC) showed the evidence of ruthenium oxidation, ruthenium silicide formation and diffusion of ruthenium into silicon carbide starting from an anneal- ing temperature of 400°C. Ruthenium oxidation was more pronounced, and ruthenium and silicon interdiffusion was very deep after annealing at 800°C. Raman analysis of some samples also showed ruthenium silicide formation and oxidation. The Schottky barrier diodes showed very good linear capacitance-voltage characteristics and excel- lent forward current-voltage characteristics, despite the occurrence of the chemical reactions and interdiffusion of ruthenium and silicon at ruthenium-silicon-carbide interface, up to an annealing temperature of 800°C. © Indian Academy of Sciences.	4H-SiC; Oxidation; Raman spectroscopy; Ruthenium; Rutherford backscattering spectrometry; Schottky barrier diodes; Silicide	Annealing; Backscattering; Capacitance; Current voltage characteristics; Oxidation; Raman spectroscopy; Ruthenium; Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy; Silicides; Silicon; Silicon carbide; Spectrometry; 4H-SiC; Annealing temperatures; Capacitance voltage characteristic; Electrical performance; Interface behaviour; Rutherford back-scattering spectrometry; Schottky contacts; Silicide formation; Schottky barrier diodes	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84907992931	Evaluation of catalytic activity of Ag and Au dendrimer-encapsulated nanoparticles in the reduction of 4-nitrophenol	Bingwa N., Meijboom R.	2015	Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical	396	None	10.1016/j.molcata.2014.09.019	Research Center for Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland-Park, Johannesburg, South Africa	Bingwa, N., Research Center for Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland-Park, Johannesburg, South Africa; Meijboom, R., Research Center for Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland-Park, Johannesburg, South Africa	LangmuirHinshelwood parameters were determined with the use of gold and silver dendrimer-encapsulated nanoparticles (Au-DENs and Ag-DENs) as catalysts. Dendrimers were used as templatingand stabilizing agents to ensure that there is no aggregation of metal nanoparticles. The synthesis ofDENs using amine terminated generation 4 poly (amido)amine dendrimer (G4-PAMAM-NH2) was suc-cessfully demonstrated. These synthesized DENs were characterized using UVvisible spectrophotometry (UVvis), electron dispersion X-ray analysis (EDX), and Fourier transformed infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR). High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) was used to determine the averageparticle sizes, and the average particle sizes were found to be 1.23 ± 0.13 and 1.17 ± 0.13 nm for Au- and Ag-DENs, respectively. Comparison of catalytic activity between the two metal nanoparticles was done interms of thermodynamic parameters obtained from LangmuirHinshelwood fits at 298 K. 4-Nitrophenol(NP) reduction by sodium borohydride (NaBH4) in the presence of the synthesized DENs as homogeneouscatalysts was used by virtue of being a model reaction. Effect of diffusion barrier in all kinetic runs wasaddressed by calculations of the second Damkhler number and by the application of the second Fickslaw of diffusion. The LangmuirHinshelwood model proved to be an efficient model for thermodynamiccomparison of the two metal nanoparticles. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	4-Nitrophenol; Kinetics; Langmuir-Hinshelwood; Silver and gold nanoparticles	Catalyst activity; Dendrimers; Enzyme kinetics; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Gold; High resolution transmission electron microscopy; Metal nanoparticles; Spectrophotometry; Synthesis (chemical); X ray analysis; Catalyst activity; Catalysts; Dendrimers; Enzyme kinetics; Fick's laws; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Gold; High resolution transmission electron microscopy; Metal nanoparticles; Nanoparticles; Particle size; Phenols; Spectrophotometry; Synthesis (chemical); 4-Nitrophenol; Dendrimer encapsulated nanoparticles; Electron dispersion x-ray analysis; Infrared spectrophotometry; Langmuir-Hinshelwood; Langmuir-Hinshelwood models; Silver and gold nanoparticles; UV-visible spectrophotometry; Silver; Silver	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84943232490	Evaluation of the physicochemical properties and quality indices of multisourced 5 mg amlodipine besylate marketed in southern nigeria	Okhuelegbe E.S., Amara O.C., Amara I.M.	2015	International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences	7	10	None	Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	Okhuelegbe, E.S., Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Amara, O.C., Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Amara, I.M., Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	Objectives: This study was carried to evaluate and compare the physicochemical parameters and cost of available brands of amlodipine besylate 5 mg marketed in Southern Nigeria. Methods: Fifteen brands were subjected to weight uniformity, friability, hardness, disintegration time, dissolution and chemical content tests. The chemical content test was performed using RP-HPLC method with isocratic run using acetonitrile: acetone buffer (50:50) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min and 237 nm wavelength of detection. Results: All the brands tested passed the weight uniformity test with no significant difference in values within each brand at p<0.05. The crushing strength values of only five brands were within official specification. All the brands passed the disintegration time and friability tests while only ten brands passed the content assay. The dissolution test revealed that all the brands released 70% of their drug content within 45 min. The shelf price of the innovator product was N8, 500 (USD 43) for a pack of 100 tablets while the other products were about N3,000 (USD 15) for an equivalent pack. Conclusion: It can be concluded that though all the brands tested showed good dissolution profiles, only ten brands could be regarded as pharmaceutical equivalents according to their content assay and the price disparity between the products studied cannot be justified by the outcome of this physicochemical evaluation. © 2015, International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science. All rights reserved.	5 mg; Amlodipine; Multisource products; Physicochemical evaluation; RP-HPLC	amlodipine besylate; analytical parameters; Article; chemical content; drug cost; drug solubility; Nigeria; physical chemistry; reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography; tablet disintegration time; tablet friability; tablet hardness; weight uniformity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-44349099730	Design and evaluation of anacardic acid derivatives as anticavity agents	Green I.R., Tocoli F.E., Lee S.H., Nihei K.-i., Kubo I.	2008	European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry	43	6	10.1016/j.ejmech.2007.08.012	Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, P/Bag X17, Bellville, 7530, South Africa; Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3112, United States	Green, I.R., Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, P/Bag X17, Bellville, 7530, South Africa; Tocoli, F.E., Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, P/Bag X17, Bellville, 7530, South Africa; Lee, S.H., Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3112, United States; Nihei, K.-i., Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3112, United States; Kubo, I., Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3112, United States	On the basis of antibacterial anacardic acids, 6-pentadecenylsalicylic acids, isolated from the cashew apple, Anacardium occidentale L. (Anacardiaceae), a series of 6-alk(en)ylsalicylic acids were synthesized and tested for their antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175. Among them, 6-(4′,8′-dimethylnonyl)salicylic acid was found to exhibit the most potent antibacterial activity against this cariogenic bacterium with the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of 0.78 μg/ml. © 2007 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.	6-(4′,8′-Dimethylnonyl)salicylic acid; Anacardic acid; Antibacterial activity; Streptococcus mutans	anacardic acid; salicylic acid derivative; antibacterial activity; article; cashew nut; dental caries; drug design; drug isolation; drug screening; drug synthesis; minimum inhibitory concentration; nonhuman; Streptococcus mutans; Anacardic Acids; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Dental Caries; Drug Design; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84941254921	Development of a Single Vial Kit Solution for Radiolabeling of 68Ga-DKFZ-PSMA-11 and Its Performance in Prostate Cancer Patients	Ebenhan T., Vorster M., Marjanovic-Painter B., Wagener J., Suthiram J., Modiselle M., Mokaleng B., Zeevaart J.R., Sathekge M.	2015	Molecules	20	8	10.3390/molecules200814860	University of Pretoria and Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Crn Malherbe and Steve Biko Rd, Pretoria, South Africa; School of Health Sciences, Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, E-Block 6th Floor, Westville Campus, University Road, Westville, Durban, South Africa; South African Nuclear Energy Corporation (Necsa), Building P1600, Radiochemistry, Pelindaba, Brits, South Africa; Department of Science and Technology, Preclinical Drug Development Platform, North West University, 11 Hoffman St, Potchefstroom, South Africa	Ebenhan, T., University of Pretoria and Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Crn Malherbe and Steve Biko Rd, Pretoria, South Africa, School of Health Sciences, Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, E-Block 6th Floor, Westville Campus, University Road, Westville, Durban, South Africa; Vorster, M., University of Pretoria and Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Crn Malherbe and Steve Biko Rd, Pretoria, South Africa; Marjanovic-Painter, B., South African Nuclear Energy Corporation (Necsa), Building P1600, Radiochemistry, Pelindaba, Brits, South Africa; Wagener, J., South African Nuclear Energy Corporation (Necsa), Building P1600, Radiochemistry, Pelindaba, Brits, South Africa; Suthiram, J., University of Pretoria and Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Crn Malherbe and Steve Biko Rd, Pretoria, South Africa, South African Nuclear Energy Corporation (Necsa), Building P1600, Radiochemistry, Pelindaba, Brits, South Africa; Modiselle, M., University of Pretoria and Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Crn Malherbe and Steve Biko Rd, Pretoria, South Africa; Mokaleng, B., University of Pretoria and Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Crn Malherbe and Steve Biko Rd, Pretoria, South Africa; Zeevaart, J.R., Department of Science and Technology, Preclinical Drug Development Platform, North West University, 11 Hoffman St, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Sathekge, M., University of Pretoria and Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Crn Malherbe and Steve Biko Rd, Pretoria, South Africa	Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), a type II glycoprotein, is highly expressed in almost all prostate cancers. By playing such a universal role in the disease, PSMA provides a target for diagnostic imaging of prostate cancer using positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). The PSMA-targeting ligand Glu-NH-CONH- Lys-(Ahx)-HBED-CC (DKFZ-PSMA-11) has superior imaging properties and allows for highly-specific complexation of the generator-based radioisotope Gallium-68 (68Ga). However, only module-based radiolabeling procedures are currently available. This study intended to develop a single vial kit solution to radiolabel buffered DKFZ-PSMA-11 with 68Ga. A 68Ge/68Ga-generator was utilized to yield 68GaCl3 and major aspects of the kit development were assessed, such as radiolabeling performance, quality assurance, and stability. The final product was injected into patients with prostate cancer for PET/CT imaging and the kit performance was evaluated on the basis of the expected biodistribution, lesion detection, and dose optimization. Kits containing 5 nmol DKFZ-PSMA-11 showed rapid, quantitative 68Ga-complexation and all quality measurements met the release criteria for human application. The increased precursor content did not compromise the ability of 68Ga-DKFZ-PSMA-11 PET/CT to detect primary prostate cancer and its advanced lymphaticand metastatic lesions. The 68Ga-DKFZ-PSMA-11 kit is a robust, ready-to-use diagnostic agent in prostate cancer with high diagnostic performance. © 2015 by the authors.	68Ga-DKFZ-PSMA-11; 68Ga-HBED-CC-(Ahx)Lys-NH-CO-NH-Glu; 68Ga-PSMAHBED; PET/CT; Prostate cancer; PSMA	None	None
WoS	WOS:000344519500001	Evaluation of a Communication Campaign To Improve Continuation Among First-Time Injectable Contraceptive Users in Nyando District, Kenya	Ambasa-Shisanya, Constance,Burke, Holly McClain	2014	INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES ON SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH	40	2	10.1363/4005614	Exceed Consultancy Serv	None	CONTEXT: Communication campaigns might be a viable means of improving contraceptive continuation; however, few such interventions aimed at reducing contraceptive discontinuation have been evaluated. METHODS: Data were collected from independent samples of new injectable users in Nyando District, Kenya site of a communication campaign to increase contraceptive continuation and in a comparison district, nine months before and nine months after intervention implementation. Survival analysis was used to compare the intervention and comparison groups with respect to the distribution of time until first discontinuation of modern method use among women still in need of family planning. RESULTS: Exposure to family planning information was high in both the treatment and the comparison district before (97% and 85%, respectively) and after the intervention (99% and 78%). Postintervention, 5% of women in the comparison district discontinued by 98 days, 8% by 196 days and 23% by 294 days; the proportions in the treatment district were 4%, 6% and 16%, respectively. No significant difference between the districts was found in the nine-month postintervention contraceptive continuation rates. Having method-related side effects or health concerns was the reason most consistently associated with discontinuation. Other factors associated with discontinuation differed between the districts. CONCLUSIONS: Addressing method-related side effects and health concerns will be critical in improving continuation of the injectable.	,"6 DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES","DEPOT-MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE",DETERMINANTS,DISCONTINUATION,QUALITY-OF-CARE,RATES,WOMEN	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84919949725	Solid State Reaction of Ruthenium with 6H-SiC Under Vacuum Annealing and the Impact on the Electrical Performance of its Schottky Contact for High Temperature Operating SiC-Based Diodes	Munthali K.V., Theron C., Auret F.D., Coelho S.M.M., Prinsloo L., Njoroge E.	2014	Brazilian Journal of Physics	44	6	10.1007/s13538-014-0257-z	Department of Physics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Mathematics, Science and Sports Education, University of Namibia, HP Campus, P/Bag 5507, Oshakati, Namibia	Munthali, K.V., Department of Physics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa, Department of Mathematics, Science and Sports Education, University of Namibia, HP Campus, P/Bag 5507, Oshakati, Namibia; Theron, C., Department of Physics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Auret, F.D., Department of Physics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Coelho, S.M.M., Department of Physics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Prinsloo, L., Department of Physics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Njoroge, E., Department of Physics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Thin films and Schottky diodes dots of ruthenium (Ru) on bulk-grown n-type-6-hexagonal-silicon carbide (6H-SiC) were annealed isochronally in a vacuum furnace at temperatures ranging from 500–1,000 °C. Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy analysis of the thin films showed formation of ruthenium silicide (Ru2Si3) at 800 °C, while diffusion of Ru into 6H-SiC commenced at 800 °C. Raman analysis of the thin films annealed at 1,000 °C showed clear D and G carbon peaks which was evidence of formation of graphite. At this annealing temperature, the Schottky contact was observed to convert to an ohmic contact, as evidenced by the linearity of current–voltage characteristic, thereby, rendering the diode unusable. The transformation from Schottky contact to ohmic contact is attributed to graphite formation at the interface. © 2014, Sociedade Brasileira de Física.	6H-SiC; D and G carbon peaks; Graphite; Raman spectroscopy; Ruthenium; Ruthenium silicide; Rutherford backscattering spectrometry; Schottky contacts	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84855166176	Design, construction, test and evaluation of a stand alone 75 watts solar electric generator	Alade M.O., Ogherowo E.P., Durodola O.M.	2010	Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences	5	4	10.3923/jeasci.2010.337.341	Department of Pure and Applied Physics, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Department of Physics, University of Jos, P.M.B. 2084, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria	Alade, M.O., Department of Pure and Applied Physics, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Ogherowo, E.P., Department of Physics, University of Jos, P.M.B. 2084, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria; Durodola, O.M., Department of Physics, University of Jos, P.M.B. 2084, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria	In this study, a stand alone 75 watt solar electric generator is designed and constructed to convert the solar radiation of appropriate wavelength from the sun into direct electric current based on photovoltaic principle. The system has proven to meet the necessary requirement under laboratory testing with only few shortcomings. The system can be employed to supply power to laboratory equipment such as signal generator, oscilloscope, network analyzer and spectnnn analyzer (all in the power range of 75 watts) useful in field research of electronic communication research. The 75 watt solar electric generator designed and constructed is also useful in remote areas to produce electric power where there is no easy accesibility to utility electric power or other useful sources of electric power. © Medwell Journals, 2010.	75 watts solar electric generator; Construction; Design; Measurement; Nigeria; Stand alone	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-19944389566	Rapid measurement and evaluation of the effect of drying conditions on harpagoside content in Harpagophytum procumbens (devil's claw) root	Joubert E., Manley M., Gray B.R., Schulz H.	2005	Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry	53	9	10.1021/jf047930c	ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa; Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland (Stellenbosch), 7602, South Africa; Institute for Plant Analysis, Federal Centre for Breeding Research on Cultivated Plants (BAZ), Neuer Weg 22-23, 06484 Quedlinburg, Germany	Joubert, E., ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa; Manley, M., Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland (Stellenbosch), 7602, South Africa; Gray, B.R., Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland (Stellenbosch), 7602, South Africa; Schulz, H., Institute for Plant Analysis, Federal Centre for Breeding Research on Cultivated Plants (BAZ), Neuer Weg 22-23, 06484 Quedlinburg, Germany	The effect of drying conditions on harpagoside (HS) retention, as well as the use of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for rapid quantification of the iridoids, HS, and 8-ρ-coumaroyl harpagide (8ρCHG) and moisture, in dried Harpagophytum procumbens (devil's claw) root was investigated. HS retention was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in sun-dried samples as compared to tunnel-dried (60 °C, 30% relative humidity) and freeze-dried samples. The best retention of HS was obtained at 50 °C when evaluating tunnel drying at dry bulb temperatures of 40, 50, and 60 °C and 30% relative humidity. NIRS can effectively predict moisture content with a standard error of prediction (SEP) and correlation coefficient (r) of 0.24% and 0.99, respectively. The HS and 8ρCHG NIRS calibration models established for both iridoid glucosides can be used for screening purposes to get a semiquantitative classification of devil's claw roots (for HS: SEP = 0.236%, r = 0.64; for 8ρCHG: SEP = 0.048%, r = 0.73). © 2005 American Chemical Society.	8-ρ-coumaroyl harpagide; Controlled drying; Devil's claw; Harpagophytum procumbens; Harpagoside; HPLC; Moisture content; NIRS	glycoside; harpagoside; pyran derivative; article; chemistry; comparative study; desiccation; freeze drying; Harpagophytum; methodology; pharmaceutics; plant root; sunlight; temperature; Desiccation; Freeze Drying; Glycosides; Harpagophytum; Plant Roots; Pyrans; Sunlight; Technology, Pharmaceutical; Temperature; Harpagophytum; Harpagophytum procumbens	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33847627864	Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene polymorphisms in Burkina Faso: Impact on plasma fasting homocysteine and after methionine loading test	Angius A., Simpore J., Persico I., Sassu A., Prodi D.A., Musumeci S.	2007	Clinical Laboratory	53	42371	None	Institute of Population Genetics, CNR, Alghero, SS, Italy; Shardna Life Sciences, Cagliari, Italy; Centre Medical Saint Camille (CMSC), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, South Africa; Department of Pharmacology, Gynecology and Obstetric, Pediatrics, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43b, 07100 Sassari, Italy; Université de Ouagadougou, Unité de Formation et de Recherche/SVT, Burkina Faso, South Africa	Angius, A., Institute of Population Genetics, CNR, Alghero, SS, Italy, Shardna Life Sciences, Cagliari, Italy; Simpore, J., Centre Medical Saint Camille (CMSC), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, South Africa, Université de Ouagadougou, Unité de Formation et de Recherche/SVT, Burkina Faso, South Africa; Persico, I., Shardna Life Sciences, Cagliari, Italy; Sassu, A., Shardna Life Sciences, Cagliari, Italy; Prodi, D.A., Shardna Life Sciences, Cagliari, Italy; Musumeci, S., Institute of Population Genetics, CNR, Alghero, SS, Italy, Department of Pharmacology, Gynecology and Obstetric, Pediatrics, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43b, 07100 Sassari, Italy	In Burkina Faso the levels of plasma homocysteine (Hcy) are lower and the methionine loading tests suggest a more effective Hcy metabolism. The polymorphisms of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) showed a relevant difference in the allele frequencies of T MTHFR-677 in young and in old subjects, while the allele frequency of C MTHFR-1298 was comparable in young and old subjects. The aim of this paper was to study the impact of the MTHFR polymorphisms on plasma fasting Hcy and after methionine loading in Burkina Faso. The young subjects with CC MTHFR-677 genotype had levels of Hey significantly lower than CT and TT subjects. The level of Hcy in subjects who had AA, AC and CC MTHFR-1298 genotypes were comparable. The levels of Hcy after the methionine loading test were significantly higher in CT and TT MTHFR-677 genotype. These results suggest that the genetic situation in Burkina Faso is different from that of other Western countries and this guarantees the maintenance of lower plasma levels of Hcy in young and old Africans. The elevated levels of plasma Hcy in old subjects compared to young subjects, against the IoNN prevalence of the T allele in elderly subjects, is discussed.	A298C; Burkina Faso; C677T; Homocysteine; Methionine loading test; MTHFR	5,10 methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (FADH2); homocysteine; methionine; adult; age distribution; aged; amino acid metabolism; article; Burkina Faso; controlled study; diet restriction; female; gene frequency; genetic polymorphism; genotype; high performance liquid chromatography; human; loading test; male; Negro; population genetics; prevalence; protein blood level; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Burkina Faso; Fasting; Female; Gene Frequency; Genotype; Homocysteine; Humans; Male; Methionine; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2); Middle Aged; Polymorphism, Genetic; Statistics, Nonparametric	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84858393170	Who was allocated Fast Track land, and what did they do with it? Selection of A2 farmers in Goromonzi District, Zimbabwe and its impacts on agricultural production	Marongwe N.	2011	Journal of Peasant Studies	38	5	10.1080/03066150.2011.636483	University of theWestern Cape, School of Government, Institute for Poverty, Land and Agrarian Studies, South Africa	Marongwe, N., University of theWestern Cape, School of Government, Institute for Poverty, Land and Agrarian Studies, South Africa	Questions of who was allocated land under Zimbabwe's Fast Track land reform programme and how productive the beneficiaries have been are highly controversial. This article presents detailed empirical data on beneficiaries who were small and medium-sized commercial farms (the A2 model) in Goromonzi district, land allocation processes, and land use. Goromonzi District is one of the four districts that share a boundary with Harare, the capital city of Zimbabwe. A questionnaire survey targeting 65 A2 beneficiaries was implemented in 2003, while key informant interviews were done in 2006. Drawing on both primary and official data, the article shows that official criteria for selecting beneficiaries for A2 farms that emphasized the potential to use the land productively were ignored in practice. The institutions responsible for land allocation were captured by members of the ruling party and by representatives of the state security apparatus, and most beneficiaries were drawn from the governing or the local elite. Many lacked sufficient capital to invest meaningfully in commercial agriculture, did not have relevant farming experience, and were unable to put the bulk of their land into production for several years. As a result, in Goromonzi District the impact of Fast Track land reform on commercial agriculture has been negative. © 2011 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.	A2 farms; agriculture; beneficiary selection; Fast Track land reform; Goromonzi; governing elite; selection criteria; Zimbabwe	agricultural production; farming system; land reform; land use; small and medium-sized enterprise; smallholder; Zimbabwe	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84906766043	Framing effectiveness in impact assessment: Discourse accommodation in controversial infrastructure development	Rozema J.G., Bond A.J.	2015	Environmental Impact Assessment Review	50	None	10.1016/j.eiar.2014.08.001	Science, Society and Sustainability (3S) Research Group, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom; Department of Development and Planning, Aalborg University, A.C. Meyers Vænge 15, DK-2450 København SV, Denmark; School of Geo and Spatial Sciences, North West University (Potchefstroom campus), Internal Box 375, South Africa	Rozema, J.G., Science, Society and Sustainability (3S) Research Group, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom, Department of Development and Planning, Aalborg University, A.C. Meyers Vænge 15, DK-2450 København SV, Denmark; Bond, A.J., Science, Society and Sustainability (3S) Research Group, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom, School of Geo and Spatial Sciences, North West University (Potchefstroom campus), Internal Box 375, South Africa	There is ongoing debate about the effectiveness of impact assessment tools, which matters both because of the threat to future practice of the tools which are frequently perceived to be ineffective, and because of the disillusionment that can ensue, and controversy generated, amongst stakeholders in a decision context where opportunities for meaningful debate have not been provided. In this article we regard debate about the meaning of effectiveness in impact assessment as an inevitable consequence of increased participation in environmental decision-making, and therefore frame effectiveness based on an inclusive democracy role to mean the extent to which impact assessment can accommodate civil society discourse. Our aim is to investigate effectiveness based on this framing by looking at one type of impact assessment - environmental impact assessment (EIA) - in two controversial project proposals: the HS2 rail network in England; and the A4DS motorway in the Netherlands. Documentary analysis and interviews held with key civil society stakeholders have been deployed to identify discourses that were mobilised in the cases. EIA was found to be able to accommodate only one out of four discourses that were identified; for the other three it did not provide the space for the arguments that characterised opposition. The conclusion in relation to debate on framings of effectiveness is that EIA will not be considered effective by the majority of stakeholders. EIA was established to support decision-making through a better understanding of impacts, so its ineffectiveness is unsurprising when its role is perceived to be broader. However, there remains a need to map discourses in different decision contexts and to analyse the extent to which the range of discourses are accommodated throughout the decision process, and the role of impact assessment in those processes, before recommendations can be made to either improve impact assessment effectiveness, or whether it is simply perceptions of effectiveness that need to be improved. © 2014 Elsevier Inc.	A4DS; Discourse accommodation; Effectiveness; Environmental impact assessment; HS2; Infrastructure development	Decision making; Environmental impact; Environmental impact assessments; A4DS; Discourse accommodation; Effectiveness; HS2; Infrastructure development; Public policy; Environmental impact assessments; decision making; environmental impact assessment; motorway; railway transport; stakeholder; civil society; environmental assessment; farming system; infrastructural development; participatory approach; England; Netherlands; United Kingdom	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84872939579	Performance evaluation of some steels as extrusion die on AA6063-type Al-Mg-Si alloy	Fayomi O.S.I., Gbenebor O.P., Abdulwahab M., Popoola A.P.I.	2012	Indian Journal of Engineering and Materials Sciences	19	6	None	Department of Mechanical Engineering, Covenant University, P.M.B. 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, P.M.B. X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Fayomi, O.S.I., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Covenant University, P.M.B. 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria, Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, P.M.B. X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Gbenebor, O.P., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Covenant University, P.M.B. 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria; Abdulwahab, M., Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, P.M.B. X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Popoola, A.P.I., Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, P.M.B. X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa	This study deals with the performance evaluation of mild and tool steels, their microstructure and extrusion property associated with changes in induced dies of entry angles 15°, 45° and 75° on AA 6063-type Al-Mg-Si alloy. Based on the service requirement in extrusion operations, microhardness and wear properties are used as criteria. The extrusion operation reveals the formation of clusters, surface modification occurring as a result of various ranges of die angles. The effect of extrusion pressure, sample elongation, hardness and die speed angle are systematically studied using microhardness tester, optical microscope (OPM), scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The mild steel die enables slips and dislocation movement of the sample to take place with ease than the tool steel dies at 45° elongation. Formation of Mg2Si and AlFeSi on mild steel extrusion has significantly influenced its mechanical properties as a result of response to increasing grain boundary which serves as nucleation site for the precipitates. The microhardness and wear resistance of extruded mild steel increased by 90%. Extrusion of the aluminum by the tool steel led to the formation of clusters and stretched along the slip directions.	AA6063-type Al-Mg-Si alloy; Die entry angles; Dislocation; Extrusion; Microstructure	Al-Mg-Si alloys; Dislocation movement; Extrusion operation; Extrusion pressure; Microhardness tester; Optical microscopes; Scanning Electron Microscope; Service requirements; Alloy steel; Aluminum; Carbon steel; Cerium alloys; Dies; Dislocations (crystals); Energy dispersive spectroscopy; Grain boundaries; Mechanical properties; Microhardness; Microstructure; Scanning electron microscopy; Silicon; Silicon alloys; Tool steel; Extrusion	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84899447485	Comparative capacity performance and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of commercial AA alkaline primary cells	Ferg E.E., Van Vuuren F.	2014	Electrochimica Acta	128	None	10.1016/j.electacta.2013.08.110	Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa	Ferg, E.E., Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa; Van Vuuren, F., Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa	Alkaline primary cells are a relatively inexpensive source of portable power and there is still a significant demand for them due to their lower retail costs, good shelf life and good energy densities. There is a range of imported and local brands available in South Africa that can differ in terms of their cost to the consumer and their performance. The study being reported here compared a range of seven different AA alkaline brands in terms of price and performance by discharging them using three different standard tests, namely at constant 250 mA current, motor/toy and photo-flash respectively. The study also used electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to observe differences between the different cell brands at different stages of discharge during the different discharge test sequences. The results showed that all cell brands achieved similar discharge capacities for the low-power discharge test of around 1.7 Ah at a constant current of 250 mA with significant differences in their respective purchase prices. However, significantly better discharge capacities of around 1.4 Ah were achieved for the more expensive brands for the photo-flash test when compared to the cheaper brand, where only 0.4 Ah was achieved. Hence, one can get value for money by using cheaper brand cells for typical low-power applications such as digital clocks, while the more expensive brands are recommended for high-power applications. The results of the EIS analysis showed that the internal cell resistance of the cheaper branded cells was relatively higher when compared to the more expensive branded cells. The change in the cheaper cells' internal resistance was also comparatively higher when measured during the various stages of the discharge tests, especially during the photo-flash test. The EIS analysis also showed that certain new cells displayed an unusually high electrode capacitance and resistance when compared to the other cell types. This phenomenon then disappeared once the cells were slightly discharged to 1% of their respective capacities. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.	AA alkaline cells, Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Capacity performance	Costs; Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; Spectroscopy; Capacity performance; Constant current; Discharge capacities; Electrode capacitance; High power applications; Internal cell resistance; Internal resistance; Low power application; Testing	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-54049094330	Evaluation of the inhibitive effect of some plant extracts on the acid corrosion of mild steel	Oguzie E.E.	2008	Corrosion Science	50	11	10.1016/j.corsci.2008.08.004	Electrochemistry and Materials Science Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology, PMB 1526, Owerri, Nigeria	Oguzie, E.E., Electrochemistry and Materials Science Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology, PMB 1526, Owerri, Nigeria	Corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 2 M HCl and 1 M H2SO4 by extracts of selected plants was investigated using a gasometric technique at temperatures of 30 and 60 °C. The studied plants materials include leaf extracts Occimum viridis (OV), Telferia occidentalis (TO), Azadirachta indica (AI) and Hibiscus sabdariffa (HS) as well as extracts from the seeds of Garcinia kola (GK). The results indicate that all the extracts inhibited the corrosion process in both acid media by virtue of adsorption and inhibition efficiency improved with concentration. Synergistic effects increased the inhibition efficiency in the presence of halide additives. Inhibition mechanisms were deduced from the temperature dependence of the inhibition efficiency as well as from assessment of kinetic and activation parameters that govern the processes. Comparative analysis of the inhibitor adsorption behaviour in 2 M HCl and 1 M H2SO4 as well as the effects of temperature and halide additives suggest that both protonated and molecular species could be responsible for the inhibiting action of the extracts. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	A. Acid solution; A. Mild steel; C. Acid corrosion; C. Acid inhibition	Acids; Adsorption; Concentration (process); Corrosion; Corrosion prevention; Electrochemical corrosion; Steel; A. Acid solution; A. Mild steel; Acid corrosions; Acid medias; Activation parameters; Adsorption behaviours; Azadirachta indica; C. Acid corrosion; C. Acid inhibition; Comparative analysis; Corrosion inhibitions; Corrosion processes; Effects of temperatures; Halide additives; Inhibition efficiencies; Inhibition mechanisms; Inhibitive effects; Kinetic; Leaf extracts; Mild steels; Molecular species; Plant extracts; Protonated; Synergistic effects; Temperature dependences; Extraction	None
None	None	Performance evaluation of three computed radiography systems using methods recommended in American Association of Physicists in Medicine Report 93	Muhogora W., Padovani R., Bonutti F., Msaki P., Kazema R.	2011	Journal of Medical Physics	36	3	10.4103/0971-6203.83478	Tanzania Atomic Energy Commission, P. O. Box 743, Arusha, Tanzania; Fisica Sanitaria, Ospedale Universitario, P.le Santa Maria della Misericordia 15, Udine 33100, Italy; Department of Physics, University of Dar Es Salaam, P.O. Box 35063, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Muhogora, W., Tanzania Atomic Energy Commission, P. O. Box 743, Arusha, Tanzania; Padovani, R., Fisica Sanitaria, Ospedale Universitario, P.le Santa Maria della Misericordia 15, Udine 33100, Italy; Bonutti, F., Fisica Sanitaria, Ospedale Universitario, P.le Santa Maria della Misericordia 15, Udine 33100, Italy; Msaki, P., Department of Physics, University of Dar Es Salaam, P.O. Box 35063, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Kazema, R., Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	The performances of three clinical computed radiography (CR) systems, (Agfa CR 75 (with CRMD 4.0 image plates), Kodak CR 850 (with Kodak GP plates) and Kodak CR 850A (with Kodak GP plates)) were evaluated using six tests recommended in American Association of Physicists in Medicine Report 93. The results indicated variable performances with majority being within acceptable limits. The variations were mainly attributed to differences in detector formulations, plate readers" characteristics, and aging effects. The differences of the mean low contrast scores between the imaging systems for three observers were statistically significant for Agfa and Kodak CR 850A (P=0.009) and for Kodak CR systems (P=0.006) probably because of the differences in ages. However, the differences were not statistically significant between Agfa and Kodak CR 850 (P=0.284) suggesting similar perceived image quality. The study demonstrates the need to implement quality control program regularly.	AAPM Report 93; computed radiography systems; performance evaluation	article; computer assisted radiography; device; image quality; quality control; radiation dose	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880620087	Poor early virologic performance and durability of abacavir-based first-line regimens for HIV-infected children	Technau K.-G., Lazarus E., Kuhn L., Abrams E.J., Sorour G., Strehlau R., Reubenson G., Davies M.-A., Coovadia A.	2013	Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal	32	8	10.1097/INF.0b013e31828c3738	Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Empilweni Services and Research Unit, Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital, Cnr Fuel and Oudtshoorn St, Coronationville, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa; Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa; Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States; Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa	Technau, K.-G., Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Empilweni Services and Research Unit, Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital, Cnr Fuel and Oudtshoorn St, Coronationville, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa; Lazarus, E., Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa; Kuhn, L., Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States; Abrams, E.J., Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Sorour, G., Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Empilweni Services and Research Unit, Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital, Cnr Fuel and Oudtshoorn St, Coronationville, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa; Strehlau, R., Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Empilweni Services and Research Unit, Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital, Cnr Fuel and Oudtshoorn St, Coronationville, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa; Reubenson, G., Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Empilweni Services and Research Unit, Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital, Cnr Fuel and Oudtshoorn St, Coronationville, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa; Davies, M.-A., School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Coovadia, A., Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Empilweni Services and Research Unit, Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital, Cnr Fuel and Oudtshoorn St, Coronationville, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa	BACKGROUND: Concerns about stavudine (d4T) toxicity have led to increased use of abacavir (ABC) in first-line pediatric antiretroviral treatment (ART) regimens. Field experience with ABC in ART-naïve children is limited. METHODS: Deidentified demographic, clinical and laboratory data on HIV-infected children initiating ART between 2004 and 2011 in a large pediatric HIV treatment program in Johannesburg, South Africa, were used to compare viral suppression at 6 and 12 months by initial treatment regimen, time to suppression (<400 copies/mL) and rebound (>1000 copies/mL after initial suppression). Adjusted logistic regression was used to investigate confounders and calendar effects. RESULTS: Two thousand thirty-six children initiated either d4T/3TC-or ABC/3TC-based first-line regimens in combination with either boosted lopinavir (LPV/r) or efavirenz (EFV). 1634 received d4T regimens (LPV/r n = 672; EFV n = 962) and 402 ABC regimens (LPV/r n = 192; EFV n = 210). At 6 and 12 months on ART, viral suppression rate was poorer in ABC versus d4T groups within both the LPV/r and EFV groups (P < 0.0001 for all points). In ABC groups, time to suppression was significantly slower (log-rank P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0092 for LPV/r-and EFV-based, respectively) and time to rebound after suppression significantly faster (log-rank P = 0.014 and P = 0.0001 for LPV/r-and EFV-based, respectively). Logistic regression confirmed the worse outcomes in the ABC groups even after adjustment for confounders. CONCLUSION: Data from this urban pediatric ART service program show significantly poorer virological performance of ABC compared with d4T-based regimens, a signal that urgently warrants further investigation. Copyright © 2013 Lippincott Williams &Wilkins.	abacavir; children; first-line antiretroviral therapy; HIV	abacavir; abacavir plus lamivudine; antiretrovirus agent; didanosine; efavirenz; lamivudine plus stavudine; lopinavir; lopinavir plus ritonavir; nevirapine; ritonavir; zidovudine; article; child; controlled study; demography; drug capsule; drug efficacy; drug formulation; drug safety; female; human; Human immunodeficiency virus; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; laboratory test; major clinical study; male; pediatrics; preschool child; priority journal; South Africa; syrup; tablet formulation; treatment duration; treatment outcome; treatment response; virology; virus load; virus strain; Anti-HIV Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Dideoxynucleosides; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Infant; Male; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome; Viral Load	NIH, National Institutes of Health
Scopus	2-s2.0-84888035894	Evaluation of trace element contents in groundwater in Abakaliki metropolis and around the abandoned mine sites in the southern part, Southeastern Nigeria	Okogbue C.O., Ukpai S.N.	2013	Environmental Earth Sciences	70	7	10.1007/s12665-013-2401-4	Department of Geology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Okogbue, C.O., Department of Geology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Ukpai, S.N., Department of Geology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	This study aimed at determining the concentrations of trace elements in the groundwater of Abakaliki urban and some abandoned mine sites in the Southern part. Sixteen trace elements were analyzed for each of the twenty water samples collected. Laboratory results showed that the concentration of manganese varied from 4.816 to 11.238 ppm, zinc from 0.126 to 1.403 ppm, copper from 0.198 to 0.967 ppm, lead from 0.005 to 0.010 ppm, arsenic from 0.001 to 0.009 ppm, chromium from 0.009 to 0.025 mg/l, cadmium from 0.003 to 0.011 mg/l, mercury from 0.001 to 0.005 mg/l, nickel from 0.008 to 0.032 mg/l, selenium from 0.001 to 0.011 ppm, iodine from 0.013 to 0.050 ppm, uranium from 0.001 to 0.006 ppm, platinum from 0.009 to 0.032 ppm, tin from 0.014 to 0.015 ppm, lithium from 0.009 to 0.024 mg/l, cobalt from 0.015 to 0.036 mg/l, and iron from 0.010 to 0.980 ppm. These results were analyzed statistically and their distribution modeled using a software package. The results were also compared with world standards for potable water. The comparison showed that water samples are contaminated with trace elements and particularly polluted with, Mn, Hg, and Cd with average concentration values of 8.43, 0.002, and 0.005 mg/l, all above the World Health Organization standard limits of 0.005, 0.001 and 0.003 mg/l, respectively. Concentrations of Fe, Zn, and Ni are above the permissible limits of 0.30, 0.01, and 0.02 mg/l, respectively, in some places. Health hazards like metal poisoning which can result from pollution of this nature cannot be ruled out. Controlling processes such as chemical dissolutions, mechanical weathering and pollution from urban sewage, release the trace elements to the soil system while chemical dilution, otherwise called leaching, streamlines the trace element plumes to the groundwater regime with dispersion processes mixing and spreading the plume. Dispersion trends of the elements show point sources from the southern part, indicating presence of ore deposits, most likely sulfide ores as interpreted from correlation matrix. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Abakaliki area; Groundwater; Pollution; Trace elements	Abakaliki area; Average concentration; Chemical dissolution; Groundwater regimes; Mechanical weatherings; Southeastern Nigeria; Trace element content; World Health Organization; Abandoned mines; Dispersions; Groundwater; Health hazards; Manganese; Manganese removal (water treatment); Nickel; Ore deposits; Pollution; Potable water; Sewage; Trace elements; Urban growth; Zinc; Groundwater pollution; abandoned mine; concentration (composition); dispersion; dissolution; drinking water; groundwater pollution; metropolitan area; ore deposit; plume; point source pollution; poisoning; pollution monitoring; sewage; software; sulfide; trace element; Abakaliki; Ebonyi; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84891160427	Performance of pyroclastic rocks from Abakaliki Metropolis (southeastern Nigeria) in road construction projects	Okogbue C.O., Aghamelu O.P.	2013	Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment	72	04-Mar	10.1007/s10064-013-0489-0	Department of Geology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Department of Geology and Exploration Geophysics, Ebonyi State University, P.M.B. 053, Abakaliki, Nigeria	Okogbue, C.O., Department of Geology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Aghamelu, O.P., Department of Geology and Exploration Geophysics, Ebonyi State University, P.M.B. 053, Abakaliki, Nigeria	A total of 15 samples from the Abakaliki pyroclastic rock bodies were subjected to petrographic and mechanical analyses to determine the suitability of the rock type as a road aggregate. Results indicate that the Abakaliki pyroclastic rock yield aggregates with marginal performance in road projects. Although the aggregates meet a number of road stone requirements (i.e., ten percent fines and their ability to absorb water), they fail to meet other key road stone requirements. Whilst their aggregate impact values, Los Angeles abrasion values, and flakiness index are generally above the recommended limits, petrographic analyses reveal appreciable amounts of shaley to muddy lithic fragment and volcanic glassy groundmass. These detrimental constituents and marginal laboratory test results would likely translate to long term poor field performance where the pyroclastic aggregate is used for road construction. This study suggests that utilization of the Abakaliki pyroclastic rock as an aggregate, especially for road construction, requires informed caution, particularly when the material is exposed to climatic extremes (high volume of rainfall and high and fluctuating temperature) as is the case in the tropics. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Abakaliki; Field performance; Geotechnical property; Petrographic analysis; Pyroclastic rock; Road aggregate	Abakaliki; Field performance; Geotechnical properties; Petrographic analysis; Pyroclastic rocks; Road construction; Roads and streets; Rocks; Aggregates; aggregate; geotechnical property; petrography; pyroclastic deposit; road construction; rock mechanics; Abakaliki; California; Ebonyi; Los Angeles [California]; Nigeria; United States	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84865827371	Development and preliminary evaluation of a real-time PCR assay for Halioticida noduliformans in abalone tissues	Greeff M.R., Christison K.W., MacEy B.M.	2012	Diseases of Aquatic Organisms	99	2	10.3354/dao02468	Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, South Africa; Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Aquaculture Research, Private Bag X2, Roggebaai, Cape Town, 8012, South Africa	Greeff, M.R., Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, South Africa; Christison, K.W., Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, South Africa, Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Aquaculture Research, Private Bag X2, Roggebaai, Cape Town, 8012, South Africa; MacEy, B.M., Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Aquaculture Research, Private Bag X2, Roggebaai, Cape Town, 8012, South Africa	Abalone Haliotis midae exhibiting typical clinical signs of tubercle mycosis were discovered in South African culture facilities in 2006, posing a significant threat to the industry. The fungus responsible for the outbreak was identified as a Peronosporomycete, Halioticida noduliformans. Currently, histopathology and gross observation are used to diagnose this disease, but these 2 methods are neither rapid nor sensitive enough to provide accurate and reliable diagnosis. Realtime quantitative PCR (qPCR) is a rapid and reliable method for the detection and quantification of a variety of pathogens, so therefore we aimed to develop a qPCR assay for species-specific detection and quantification of H. noduliformans. Effective extraction of H. noduliformans geno - mic DNA from laboratory grown cultures, as well as from spiked abalone tissues, was accomplished by grinding samples using a pellet pestle followed by heat lysis in the presence of Chelax- 100 beads. A set of oligonucleotide primers was designed to specifically amplify H. noduliformans DNA in the large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene, and tested for cross-reactivity to DNA extracted from related and non-related fungi isolated from seaweeds, crustaceans and healthy abalone; no crossamplification was detected. When performing PCR assays in an abalone tissue matrix, an environment designed to be a non-sterile simulation of environmental conditions, no amplification occurred in the negative controls. The qPCR assay sensitivity was determined to be approximately 0.28 pg of fungal DNA (∼2.3 spores) in a 25 μl reaction volume. Our qPCR technique will be useful for monitoring and quantifying H. noduliformans for the surveillance and management of abalone tubercle mycosis in South Africa. © Inter-Research 2012.	Abalone; Disease; Halioticida noduliformans; PCR; Tubercle mycosis	bioassay; environmental conditions; fungal disease; histopathology; host-pathogen interaction; matrix; mitochondrial DNA; monitoring; polymerase chain reaction; population outbreak; seaweed; South Africa; Bacteria (microorganisms); Crustacea; Fungi; Haliotidae; Haliotis midae; Lonchocarpus glaucifolius; fungal DNA; animal; article; classification; fungus; genetics; isolation and purification; methodology; microbiology; mollusc; real time polymerase chain reaction; sensitivity and specificity; species difference; Animals; DNA, Fungal; Fungi; Mollusca; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sensitivity and Specificity; Species Specificity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84905274923	Recommendations for the medical evaluation of children prior to adoption in South Africa	Haeri Mazanderani A., du Plessis N., Lumb J., Feucht U., Myburgh M., Mayaphi S., Lekalakala R., Swanepoel D.W., Georgakis H., Avenant T.	2014	South African Medical Journal	104	8	10.7196/SAMJ.7958	Department of Medical Virology, Tshwane Academic Division, National Health Laboratory Service, and University of Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Pretoria and Kalafong Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa; Thusanani Children's Foundation, Gauteng, South Africa; Department of Paediatrics, Kalafong Hospital and University of Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Medical Virology, Tshwane Academic Division, National Health Laboratory Service and University of Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Medical Virology, Tshwane Academic Division, National Health Laboratory Service, and University of Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Medical Microbiology, Tshwane Academic Division, National Health Laboratory Service and University of Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Communication Pathology, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Neurosurgery, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Paediatrics at Kalafong Hospital, University of Pretoria, South Africa	Haeri Mazanderani, A., Department of Medical Virology, Tshwane Academic Division, National Health Laboratory Service, and University of Pretoria, South Africa; du Plessis, N., Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Pretoria and Kalafong Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa; Lumb, J., Thusanani Children's Foundation, Gauteng, South Africa; Feucht, U., Department of Paediatrics, Kalafong Hospital and University of Pretoria, South Africa; Myburgh, M., Department of Medical Virology, Tshwane Academic Division, National Health Laboratory Service and University of Pretoria, South Africa; Mayaphi, S., Department of Medical Virology, Tshwane Academic Division, National Health Laboratory Service, and University of Pretoria, South Africa; Lekalakala, R., Department of Medical Microbiology, Tshwane Academic Division, National Health Laboratory Service and University of Pretoria, South Africa; Swanepoel, D.W., Department of Communication Pathology, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Georgakis, H., Department of Neurosurgery, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa; Avenant, T., Department of Paediatrics at Kalafong Hospital, University of Pretoria, South Africa	The current legislative framework in South Africa (SA) supports adoption as the preferred form of care for children with inadequate or no parental or family support. There are an estimated 3.8 million orphans in SA, with approximately 1.5 - 2 million children considered adoptable. As a means of improving services, newly drafted adoption guidelines from the National Department of Social Development will in future require both non-profit and private sector adoption agencies to obtain a medical report on a child prior to placement. However, no local guidelines specify what an appropriate medical examination entails or how it should be reported. For the purposes of proposing and developing such guidelines, an open forum was convened at the Institute of Pathology, University of Pretoria, in March 2013. These 'Recommendations for the medical evaluation of children prior to adoption in South Africa' emanate from this meeting.	Abandoned children; Adoption; Medical evaluation	hepatitis B surface antibody; hepatitis B surface antigen; thyrotropin; adoption; article; birth certificate; child health care; child welfare; echography; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; fluorescent treponema antibody test; human; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Human T cell leukemia virus 1; infection; medical assessment; medical examination; medical history; metabolic disorder; occupational therapy assessment; practice guideline; psychologic assessment; screening test; South Africa; speech therapy; university; anamnesis; child; feasibility study; physical examination; South America; standards; Adoption; Child; Feasibility Studies; Guidelines as Topic; Humans; Medical History Taking; Physical Examination; South America	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84864850766	Environmental impact assessment of Attenda abattoir, Ogbomoso southwestern Nigeria on surface and groundwater quality using geo-electrical imaging and microbiological analysis	Adelowo O.O., Akinlabi I.A., Fagade O.E.	2012	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment	184	7	10.1007/s10661-011-2285-2	Dept of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P. M. B 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Department of Earth Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P. M. B 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnol	Adelowo, O.O., Dept of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P. M. B 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Akinlabi, I.A., Department of Earth Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P. M. B 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Fagade, O.E., Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Dept of Botany and Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	The impact of Attenda abattoir, Ogbomoso southwestern Nigeria on four water sources was investigated using geoelectrical imaging and microbiological analysis. 2D electrical resistivity imaging indicated groundwater contamination by leachate from the abattoir. Electrical resistivity values measured by the traverse run directly on the waste dump and other areas impacted by the waste from the abattoir are generally very low (6.68-16.7 Ωm) in comparison to other positions (135-288 Ωm). The total viable bacteria count of the water samples ranged from 0.49×106 to 2.85×108 cfu/ml and all samples are contaminated with coliforms with the most probable number (MPN)/100 ml ranging from 110 to ≥1,600 MPN/100 ml. Among bacteria isolated from the study site (n=95), resistance to eight antibiotics ranged from 35.8% to 94%. In addition, 85% of Streptococcus agalactiae (n=31) and Staph-ylococci (n=9) showed haemolytic activity while 92% of all isolates showed β-lactamase activity. These results suggest that operations of the abattoir may impact negatively on surrounding aquatic ecosystem and endanger the health of surrounding residents who use water from the wells for domestic purposes. Furthermore, such aquatic ecosystems may serve as reservoir of antibiotic resistant bacteria. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011.	Abattoir; Antibiotics resistance; Bacteria; Pollution; Water quality	Abattoir; Antibiotic-resistant bacteria; Antibiotics resistance; Aquatic ecosystem; Coliforms; Domestic purpose; Electrical resistivity; Electrical resistivity imaging; Geoelectrical; Ground-water qualities; Groundwater contamination; Lactamases; Leachates; Microbiological analysis; Most probable number; Nigeria; Streptococcus agalactiae; Study sites; Waste dumps; Water samples; Water source; Antibiotics; Ecosystems; Electric conductivity; Environmental impact assessments; Pollution; Reservoirs (water); Water quality; Bacteria; ampicillin; beta lactamase; chloramphenicol; ciprofloxacin; cloxacillin; cotrimoxazole; erythromycin; gentamicin; ground water; ofloxacin; penicillin G; streptomycin; surface water; antibiotic resistance; aquatic ecosystem; electrical resistivity; environmental impact assessment; geoelectric field; groundwater; health risk; human activity; leachate; microbiology; water resource; analytic method; antibiotic sensitivity; aquatic environment; article; Bacillus cereus; Bacillus licheniformis; Bacillus subtilis; bacterium isolate; bacterium isolation; Burkholderia cepacia; colony forming unit; environmental impact assessment; environmental monitoring; enzyme activity; Escherichia coli; geoelectrical imaging; Klebsiella aerogenes; Klebsiella pneumoniae; microbiological analysis; minimum inhibitory concentration; morphology; Nigeria; nonhuman; Proteus vulgaris; Pseudomonas putida; Rhodococcus equi; Staphylococcus; Staphylococcus aureus; Staphylococcus epidermidis; Streptococcus agalactiae; water analysis; water contamination; water quality; water supply; Abattoirs; Environment; Environmental Monitoring; Groundwater; Nigeria; Remote Sensing Technology; Water Microbiology; Water Pollutants; Water Pollution; Nigeria; Ogbomosho; Oyo	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77951631493	Evaluation of quality of beef produced and sold in parts of Tigray Region of Ethiopia	Kumar A., Kebede E., Kassaye E.	2010	Tropical Animal Health and Production	42	3	10.1007/s11250-009-9441-5	Department of Population and Preventive Medicine, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Veterinary Public Health, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Sciences, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125004, Haryana, India; Head of Department, VPBI, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Director Research, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia	Kumar, A., Department of Population and Preventive Medicine, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia, Veterinary Public Health, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia, Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Sciences, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125004, Haryana, India; Kebede, E., Department of Population and Preventive Medicine, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia, Head of Department, VPBI, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Kassaye, E., Department of Population and Preventive Medicine, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia, Director Research, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia	Microbiological and physical quality of 83 samples of beef produced and marketed in some parts of Tigray region of Ethiopia were evaluated. The color, marbling, pH, bleeding status and aerobic plate count (APC) were within permissible limits in 35(42.16%), 47(56.63%), 51 (61.44%), 13(15.66%) and 20(24.09%) samples, respectively. Based on these parameters, a high percentage of samples (varying from 38.56%-84.34%) were of unsatisfactory quality. Such a widespread imperfect bleeding (84.34%) and high APC (75.91%) emphasize the need to improve the techniques of bleeding and hygienic conditions at the time of production of meat at abattoir and its marketing. © 2009 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Abattoir; Beef; Quality; Quality control	animal; article; bacterial count; cattle; Ethiopia; food control; meat; microbiology; slaughterhouse; standard; Abattoirs; Animals; Cattle; Colony Count, Microbial; Ethiopia; Food Microbiology; Meat	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77951216022	Bovine fasciolosis: Coprological, abattoir survey and its economic impact due to liver condemnation at Soddo municipal abattoir, Southern Ethiopia	Abunna F., Asfaw L., Megersa B., Regassa A.	2010	Tropical Animal Health and Production	42	2	10.1007/s11250-009-9419-3	Hawassa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 5, Hawassa, Ethiopia	Abunna, F., Hawassa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 5, Hawassa, Ethiopia; Asfaw, L., Hawassa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 5, Hawassa, Ethiopia; Megersa, B., Hawassa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 5, Hawassa, Ethiopia; Regassa, A., Hawassa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 5, Hawassa, Ethiopia	A study was carried out to determine the prevalence and the species of liver flukes in indigenous adult cattle, to compare the diagnostic efficiency of fecal and post mortem examination and to assess the economic significance of bovine fasciolosis due to liver condemnation in the abattoir. Of the 406 livers and fecal samples examined, 57 (14.0%) and 20 (4.9%) were positive for fasciolosis. The most common liver fluke species affecting the cattle was Fasciola gigantica, 9.1% of cattle were infected with F. gigantica while, Fasciola. hepatica, mixed infections and unidentified or immature forms of Fasciola spp. were present in 3.2 %, 0.7% and 1 % of cattle, respectively. A retrospective abattoir survey revealed that the prevalence of fasciolosis was 12.7%. The prevalence of fasciolosis recorded in this study was lower than that reported by other researchers in this country. There was a strong relationship between fecal examination and postmortem findings of liver lesions, (K = 0.23) but under local conditions, postmortem examination was considered a better diagnostic tool for fasciolosis. Fasciolosis is of significant economic importance as the resultant liver condemnations caused an average loss of 4000 USD per annum. Hence, this disease deserves serious attention by the various stakeholders in order to promote the beef industry in the study area in particular and in the country in general. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009.	Abattoir; Bovine; Coprology; Ethiopia; Fasciolosis; Soddo	Bos; Bovinae; Fasciola; Fasciola gigantica; Fasciola hepatica; Hepatica; animal; animal disease; article; cattle; cattle disease; cross-sectional study; economics; Ethiopia; Fasciola; fascioliasis; feces; isolation and purification; male; parasite identification; parasitology; prevalence; retrospective study; sensitivity and specificity; slaughterhouse; Abattoirs; Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Cross-Sectional Studies; Ethiopia; Fasciola; Fascioliasis; Feces; Male; Parasite Egg Count; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; Sensitivity and Specificity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77958464771	Biochemical evaluation of serum metabolites, Enzymes and haematological indices of broilerchicks fed with varying levels of rumen epithelial scraps in place of fish meal proteins	Alikwe P.C.N., Faremi A.Y., Egwaikhide P.A.	2010	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	9	6	None	Department of Chemical Sciences, Achievers University, Owo, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria	Alikwe, P.C.N., Department of Chemical Sciences, Achievers University, Owo, Nigeria; Faremi, A.Y., Department of Chemical Sciences, Achievers University, Owo, Nigeria; Egwaikhide, P.A., Department of Chemistry, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria	The effect of various inclusion of rumen epithelial scraps as substitute for fish meal proteins on the feed intake, nitrogen retention, serum metabolites, enzymes and haematological parameters in broiler-chicks in their finisher phase were examined. Five set of meal with 0%, 25%, 50%,75% and 100% inclusion of rumen epithelial scraps as substitute for fish meal proteins were formulated. 100 day old chicks were fed a nutritionally sound starter mash for four weeks after which they were randomly divided into five groups and placed on the various formulated diets. The feed intake and the weight gain in each group was measured for the following twenty one days after which the birds were sacrificed. Nitrogen retention, serum proteins, liver enzyme activities and haematological evaluation were carried out. The feed intake, nitrogen retention and the weight gain in broiler-chicks fed 75% and 100% RES inclusion diet were significantly (P<0.05) lower than those of broiler-chicks fed 0%, 25% and 50%RES inclusion diet. The albumin/globulin ratio in broiler-chicks fed 100%RES inclusion diet was significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of broiler-chicks in other groups. Mean cell heamoglobin (MCH), mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and mean cell volume(MCV) in broiler-chicks fed 0%, 25% and 75% RES inclusion diet were significantly (P<0.05) lower than those of broiler-chicks fed 50% and 100% RES inclusion diet. However neutrophils of broiler-chicks fed 0%, 25% and 50% RES inclusion diets were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of 75% and 100% RES inclusion diets. The pack cell volume(PCV), haemoglobin concentration(HBC), white blood cell(WBC), lymphocytes and monocytes compared favourably in all the groups. The liver alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase acivities in all the groups examined compared favourably. We infer that the 25% and 50% RES inclusion as substitute for fish meal protein could be employed to maintain the quality of the broiler-chicks while minimizing the high cost of whole fish meal since RES is an abattoir by-product that is available locally.	Abattoir; Broiler-chicks; Diet; Fish meal; Rumen epithelial scrap	Aves	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84891818187	Major causes of organ condemnation for cattle and its financial impact at Wolaita Soddo municipality abattoir, southern Ethiopia	Abunna F., Hordofa D.	2013	Global Veterinaria	11	6	10.5829/idosi.gv.2013.11.6.8142	Addis Ababa University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Departement of Clinical Studies, P.O. Box, 34, Bishoftu, Ethiopia; Hawassa University, School of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box, 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia	Abunna, F., Addis Ababa University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Departement of Clinical Studies, P.O. Box, 34, Bishoftu, Ethiopia; Hordofa, D., Hawassa University, School of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box, 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia	Abattoirs provide information on the epidemiology of the diseases in livestock, in order to know the extent of the exposure of the public to certain zoonotic diseases and to estimate the financial losses incurred through condemnation of affected organs. Tracing the records of the slaughter houses from November 2010 to February 2011 was done at Wolaita Soddo Municipal abattoir to determine the causes of organ condemnation and associated financial loss. Out of 953 cattle examined 378 (39.68%) livers, 244 (25.61%) lungs, 39 (4.09%) hearts, 30 (3.15%) kidneys and 14 (1.47%) spleens were condemned. The major causes of condemnation were fasciolosis (61.1%) and hydatidosis (12.17%) for liver; hydatid diseases (62.3%) and emphysema (8.61%) for lungs; unknown causes (33.33%), pericarditis (23.08%) and hydatid cyst (23.08%) for heart; unknown causes (26.67%) and calcification (23.33%) for kidneys and hydatidosis (64.29%) for spleen. Rate of condemnations due to parasitic causes was higher in the liver (29.07%) than in the lungs (15.95%). Parasitic diseases particularly fasciolosis and hydatidosis were the major causes of economic loss through condemnation of affected organs. The total annual economic loss incurred due to organs condemnation at the study area was estimated to be 24,340 ETB (24323.49 USD). The current result suggests that a thorough investigation that leads to disease control strategy is required to reduce the economic and public health consequences. © IDOSI Publications, 2013.	Abattoir; Cattle; Ethiopia; Organ condemnation; Wolaita soddo	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79954579971	Characterization of wastewater from an Abattoir in Rwanda and the impact on downstream water quality	Muhirwa D., Nhapi I., Wali U.G., Banadda N., Kashaigili J.J., Kimwaga R.	2010	International Journal of Ecology and Development	16	S10	None	Faculty of Applied Sciences, National University of Rwanda, Box 117, Butare, Rwanda; Department of Civil Engineering, University of Zimbabwe, Box MP167, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Uganda Industrial Research Institute, P.O. Box 7086, Kampala, Uganda; Faculty of Forestry and Nature Conservation, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Box 3003 Morogoro, Tanzania; University of Dar Es Salaam, Box 35131, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania	Muhirwa, D., Faculty of Applied Sciences, National University of Rwanda, Box 117, Butare, Rwanda; Nhapi, I., Department of Civil Engineering, University of Zimbabwe, Box MP167, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Wali, U.G., Faculty of Applied Sciences, National University of Rwanda, Box 117, Butare, Rwanda; Banadda, N., Uganda Industrial Research Institute, P.O. Box 7086, Kampala, Uganda; Kashaigili, J.J., Faculty of Forestry and Nature Conservation, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Box 3003 Morogoro, Tanzania; Kimwaga, R., University of Dar Es Salaam, Box 35131, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania	This study analyzed processes and products at Nyabugogo Abattoir in Kigali, Rwanda, and investigated how they can be optimized for environmental safety. The average capacity of the abattoir is 566 cattle and 1,512 goats and sheep slaughtered per week. The study assessed the quantity and quality of different raw materials, by-products and wastewater streams and the potential impacts of applying cleaner production principles in abattoir processes. The samples were collected fortnightly, and analyzed using Standard Methods. The analysis emphasized on nutrients, biologically active constituents, and receiving water impacts. The data were processed for trends and variance using SPSS computer package. The wastewater parameters analyzed are temperature, salinity, conductivity, turbidity, dissolved oxygen pH, TSS, TDS, BOD5, COD, fat oils and grease, NO3-N, TKN, total phosphorus, chloride, calcium and total coliforms. The findings showed that the abattoir wastewater streams' total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) ranged from (7,533±723) for evisceration to (23,778±1,673) mgl-1 from slaughtering step and the discharge into Mpazi River increased its TCOD from (213±29) to (852±94) mgl-1. The TSS varied between 2,452±51 from the slaughter process and 5,252±174 mgl-1 for the effluent from the goat and sheep slaughter section. Results from the bacteriological analysis showed that the average abattoir wastewater discharge count was (560±81)105 cfu/100ml of total coliforms which increased from (2.8±0.58)105 to (8.2±0.86)105 cfu/100 ml. It was concluded that the current effluent quality is not suitable for discharge into watercourses. It was recommended that further treatment of the effluent is required coupled with the application of cleaner production principles. © 2010 IJED (CESER Publications).	Abattoir effluent; Cleaner production; Rwanda; Sustainability; Wastewater management	Bos; Capra hircus; Ovis aries	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33745088390	The impact of extrinsic sources on selected indicator organisms in a typical deboning room	Shale K., Jacoby A., Plaatjies Z.	2006	International Journal of Environmental Health Research	16	4	10.1080/09603120600734162	School for Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; School for Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, CUT, P/Bag X20539, Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa	Shale, K., School for Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa, School for Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, CUT, P/Bag X20539, Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; Jacoby, A., School for Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Plaatjies, Z., School for Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa	Meat is a highly perishable product and the microbiological safety thereof is an extremely important issue for both the consumer and the meat industry. In this study, samples were randomly collected from various working surfaces, from raw meat and from the air in the deboning room of a high throughput red meat abattoir. The samples were analysed for the presence of total staphylococci counts as well as for total viable counts. The mean staphylococci counts from working surfaces were 19 CFU · cm -2 , and the staphylococci levels for the meat samples were well below the proposed maximum limit of 100 CFU · g -1 . Maximum staphylococcal bioaerosol counts of 10 CFU · m -3 were also enumerated. Total viable counts from the workers' hands and working surfaces were high compared to the staphylococcal levels. Twelve staphylococci species were identified from the samples used in this study. Recontamination during the deboning process was identified as the major source of contamination, suggesting proper implementation of quality processing practices within the abattoir environment. © 2006 Taylor & Francis.	Abattoirs; Bioaerosols; Deboning room; Red meat; Staphylococcus; Surfaces; Total viable counts	bacterium; food safety; meat; article; bacterial count; bacterial strain; bacterium contamination; human; indicator organism; meat; meat industry; nonhuman; quality control; sample; Staphylococcus; work environment; Abattoirs; Animals; Bacteria; Colony Count, Microbial; Consumer Product Safety; Food Microbiology; Food-Processing Industry; Hygiene; Meat Products; Staphylococcus; Staphylococcus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349619389	Impact of abattoir wastes based on some physicochemical parameters on Woji Creek, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Emeka U.J., Braide S.A., Chindah A.C.	2009	Management of Environmental Quality	20	5	10.1108/14777830910981249	Department of Environmental Management, Institute of Geosciences and Space Technology, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, Nigeria; Institute of Pollution Studies, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P	Emeka, U.J., Department of Environmental Management, Institute of Geosciences and Space Technology, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, Nigeria; Braide, S.A., Institute of Pollution Studies, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, Nigeria; Chindah, A.C., Institute of Pollution Studies, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, Nigeria	Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine the environmental and health impacts of abattoir wastes due to unhygienic disposal methods and inadequate slaughtering facilities as it affects some physicochemical and bacteriological parameters of Woji Creek and its environs. Design/methodology/approach - The study involved the choice of five sampling stations for two different seasons: wet and dry. Standard methods were adopted for field and laboratory studies. Findings - Water samples from station 2 (discharge point station) showed higher concentrations of turbidity, phosphate, biochemical oxygen demand, faecal coliform count for both dry and wet seasons, while dissolved oxygen values were lower at this station than in the other study stations. Water samples were slightly acidic (6.49-6.70) for the five stations sampled during the study period. At the upstream station, the water had lower levels of turbidity, temperature, phosphate, nitrate, biochemical oxygen demand, faecal coliform count, but the values increased downstream after the discharge point station showing the impact of the abattoir effluents. The results further revealed seasonal influence on the parameters with higher values recorded during the dry season for conductivity, salinity, turbidity, phosphate, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, faecal coliform counts, temperature, total dissolved solids. This is because during the wet season the increased volume of water apparently diluted the concentration of abattoir wastes. Practical implications - The work was carried out in order to establish the existing levels of the measured parameters and assess the pollution profile of the Creek as a result of abattoir operations. Originality/value - This is the first time a holistic research has been conducted on Woji Creek. The paper has provided data and knowledge on which further research can be carried out to monitor changes in water quality caused by the activities of the abattoir operators. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Abattoirs; Nigeria; River pollution; Wastes	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33646800816	Modelling natural conditions and impacts of consumptive water use and sedimentation of Lake Abaya and Lake Chamo, Ethiopia	Awulachew S.B.	2006	Lakes and Reservoirs: Research and Management	11	2	10.1111/j.1440-1770.2006.00293.x	International Water Management Institute, PO Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Awulachew, S.B., International Water Management Institute, PO Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	There is few available information regarding the water resource systems of Abaya Lake and Chamo Lake, which are found in the Southern Rift Valley Region of Ethiopia. This paper describes modelling of the water balance components of these lakes, as well as the impacts of water uses, and sediment transport and deposition in the lakes. The various parameters and data needed for the water balance model are derived on the basis of various surveys, analysis of data and modelling efforts. The watershed characteristics are derived using geographical information system, whereas the morphometry of the lakes is investigated by undertaking bathymetry surveys. The hydrometeorological components of this lake system also were investigated through the development of relevant database and information systems, by identifying regional relationships, and by a rainfall-run-off model. These information systems have subsequently been integrated to model the water balance of the two lakes, and simulating the in-lake water levels. Several scenarios reflecting the natural conditions, water consumptive development possibilities, and sedimentation impacts have been investigated in this study. Based on the model simulation results, and on the computation of the life expectancies of the two lakes, it was found that sediment inflow and deposition significantly threaten their existence. © 2006 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd.	Abaya Lake; Chamo Lake; Ethiopia; GIS; Lifeexpectancy; Model; Sedimentation; Water balance	GIS; hydrometeorology; lake water; modeling; sedimentation; water budget; water use; Africa; East Africa; Ethiopia; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79956159784	Comparative evaluation of ectoparasiticide efficacy: Non-inferiority and superiority assessment	Schall R., Luus H.G.	2011	Veterinary Parasitology	178	42371	10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.12.028	Department of Mathematical Statistics and Actuarial Science (IB75), University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; ClinVet International (Pty) Ltd, PO Box 11186, Bloemfontein 9321, South Africa	Schall, R., Department of Mathematical Statistics and Actuarial Science (IB75), University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Luus, H.G., ClinVet International (Pty) Ltd, PO Box 11186, Bloemfontein 9321, South Africa	We present a statistical framework for the comparative evaluation of ectoparasiticide efficacy in controlled animal studies. Such a comparative evaluation can have one of two objectives: an assessment of non-inferiority of a test parasiticide to a reference parasiticide, or an assessment of superiority of one treatment over another. We show that the observed efficacy of an ectoparasiticide can be viewed as a point estimate of its conditional " kill" probability. Thus concepts used in the comparative evaluation of human antibiotics, which involve the comparison of cure probabilities, can be applied to the situation of comparing parasiticide efficacy. In particular, we define non-inferiority of a test parasiticide to a reference parasiticide in terms of the " test - reference" difference of their efficacies. We outline the hypothesis testing framework and associated statistical decision rules for declaring either non-inferiority or superiority. Both non-inferiority and superiority can be evaluated statistically using confidence intervals. SAS and R code for data analysis is presented, and the methodology is applied to a data set from a controlled animal study. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.	Abbott's formula; Ectoparasiticides; Efficacy; Generalized linear model; Non-inferiority trial; Over-dispersion; Superiority trial	antiparasitic agent; article; controlled study; intermethod comparison; mathematical analysis; nonhuman; outcome assessment; probability; statistical analysis; treatment indication; treatment response; Animals; Clinical Trials as Topic; Insecticides; Models, Biological; Models, Statistical; Research Design; Animalia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84896332310	Effects of nutrient density and photoperiod on the performance and abdominal fat of broilers	Oyedeji J.O., Atteh J.O.	2005	International Journal of Poultry Science	4	3	10.3923/ijps.2005.149.152	Department of Agriculture, Benson Idahosa University, P. M. B. 1100, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria; Department of Animal Production,University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria	Oyedeji, J.O., Department of Agriculture, Benson Idahosa University, P. M. B. 1100, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria; Atteh, J.O., Department of Animal Production,University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria	The study investigated the effects of photoperiod and nutrient density on the performance and abdominal fat of broilers. Treatments consisted of a factorial arrangement of two diets containing 3200kcal/kg ME and 23% Protein and 2800kcal/kg ME and 18% Protein administered to broilers under either 12hour light per day, 8hour light per day or 6 hour light per day for 8 weeks. Results at market age showed that no significant interactions existed between nutrient density and photoperiod for feed intake, body weight gain and feed gain ratio (P > 0.05, P > 0.01). Also no significant interactions existed between factors for protein retention, fat utilization, available fibre, abdominal fat and cost to benefit ratio (P > 0.05, P > 0.01). Broilers subjected to low nutrient density diets experienced reduction in body weight gain and poorer feed to gain ratio (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). There was significant reduction in feed intake and abdominal fat of broilers exposed to only 6 hours of light per day as against the usual 12 hours of light per day (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). It was concluded that no meaningful interactions existed between nutrient density and photoperiod with respect to broilers performance. However, reducing photoperiod to 6 hours per day could be used as a tool for reducing abdominal fat hence, reducing sudden death syndrome and upgrading carcass quality of broilers. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2005.	Abdominal fat; Feed gain ratio; Feed intake; Nutrient density; Photoperiod; Weight gain	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-76349120879	Underutilization of vaginal hysterectomy and its impact on residency training	Ocheke A.N., Ekwempu C.C., Musa J.	2009	West African Journal of Medicine	28	5	None	Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jos University Teaching Hospital, P MB 2076, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria	Ocheke, A.N., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jos University Teaching Hospital, P MB 2076, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria; Ekwempu, C.C., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jos University Teaching Hospital, P MB 2076, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria; Musa, J., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jos University Teaching Hospital, P MB 2076, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria	BACKGROUND: The advantages of vaginal hysterectomy over abdominal hysterectomy include lower morbidity, shorter hospital stay, and reduced cost to the patient. It is, therefore, important to pass the required skill for vaginal hysterectomy unto trainees. OBJECTIVE: To determine the proportion of vaginal hysterectomies done in a residency training institution in Nigeria and its possible impact on the proficiency of future gynaecologists in performing the procedure. METHODS : A chart review was done on all documented cases of hysterectomies for benign gynaecological conditions done in Jos University Teaching Hospital, over a four-year period (January 2002 to December 2005). Case files of patients who had hysterectomy during the study period were retrieved and the relevant information obtained for analysis of frequencies and percentages. RESULTS: A total of 94 hysterectomies for benign gynaecological conditions were done during the study period. Nine (∼10%) vaginal hysterectomies were done. All the vaginal hysterectomies performed were for uterovaginal prolapse by consultants. However, 45 (53%) of the abdominal hysterectomies were performed by consultants and 40 (47%) by residents. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that residents' exposure and training on the act of vaginal hysterectomy is inadequate. This has potential implications on future gynaecologist proficiency to perform this method of surgery that has documented advantages and better outcome for patients.	Abdominal hysterectomy; Hysterectomy; Nigeria; Residency training; Vaginal hysterectomy	abdominal hysterectomy; adult; article; benign tumor; bladder injury; female; fistula; human; intermethod comparison; medical record review; medical student; Nigeria; outcome assessment; patient information; professional competence; residency education; surgical approach; thrombophlebitis; ureter injury; urinary tract infection; uterus prolapse; vaginal hysterectomy; wound infection; Adult; Female; Gynecology; Hospitals, Teaching; Humans; Hysterectomy; Hysterectomy, Vaginal; Internship and Residency; Middle Aged; Nigeria; Physician's Practice Patterns; Retrospective Studies	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84876133239	Evaluation of 15 varieties of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) moench to field infestation by flea beetles (Podagrica spp.)	Mohammed I.G., Osipitan A.A., Pitan O.R., Atayese M.	2013	African Entomology	21	1	10.4001/003.021.0120	Pest Management Technology Department, Niger State College of Agriculture, Mokwa, Niger State, Nigeria; Department of Crop Protection, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Plant Physiology and Crop Production, Un	Mohammed, I.G., Pest Management Technology Department, Niger State College of Agriculture, Mokwa, Niger State, Nigeria; Osipitan, A.A., Department of Crop Protection, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Pitan, O.R., Department of Crop Protection, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Atayese, M., Department of Plant Physiology and Crop Production, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	The study evaluated 15 okra varieties to field infestation by flea beetles, Podagrica spp., in the early and late planting seasons of 2009, at the Teaching and Research Farm, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria (7°15′N 3°25′E), located in a sub-humid zone. The experiment was arranged in a split plot design, with three replicates. The main plot consisted of spraying regime (sprayed and unsprayed) while the sub-plot consisted of 15 okra varieties: V-35, V2-Oyo, V45-2, NH99/28, NH99/DA NH88/1-8-16-2, Enugu1, Osadep:purple Tall, LD88/1-8-5-2, LD88/1-8-16-2, Ola99/13, Ola3 Local, Olak2005, Short Mouth and Dajofolowo1. Lambda-cyhalothrin was sprayed to the appropriate plots weekly. The results showed that in both early and late seasons, sprayed okra had significantly (P < 0.05) lower number of flea beetles, lower leaf damage per plant, lower number of holes per leaf, wider stem girth, higher total plant dry biomass, higher number of pods compared with unsprayed okra. The sprayed okra had significantly (P < 0.05) higher shoot dry biomass, higher root dry weight, higher total plant dry biomass, wider pods and higher pod weight in the early planting season compared with the late season. Varieties with leaf pubescence, namely NH99/DA, V-35 and Dajofolowo1, had the lowest flea beetle population, leaf damage per plant and number of holes per leaf compared to glaborous varieties. Likewise, the okra varieties NH99/28, V-35 and Dajofolowo1 which have thorny pods had no pod damage at all in both early and late planting seasons. LD88/1-8-5-2 had the highest number of pods per plant, whereas okra variety Ola99/13 had significantly (P < 0.05) higher pod weight during early planting. There was no significant difference in okra pods weight in all varieties evaluated in the late planting season.	Abelmoschus esculentus; planting season; Podagrica spp.; spraying regime	Abelmoschus; Abelmoschus esculentus; Alticini; Coleoptera; Podagrica; Siphonaptera (fleas)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84875788538	Evaluation of growth performance of Abergele goats under traditional management systems in Sekota district, Ethiopia	Deribe B., Taye M.	2013	Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences	16	14	10.3923/pjbs.2013.692.696	Sirinka Agricultural Research Center, P O Box 74, Woldia, Ethiopia; Bahir Dar University, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, P O Box 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia	Deribe, B., Sirinka Agricultural Research Center, P O Box 74, Woldia, Ethiopia; Taye, M., Bahir Dar University, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, P O Box 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia	The study was conducted at Abergele in the semi arid parts of Sekota district to evaluate growth performance of Abergele goats managed under traditional management systems. Data on growth and growth rates were collected from 724 kids for two years. The least squares mean birth, three months, six months and yearling weight of kids obtained were 1.91±0.04, 6.84±0.19, 9.13±0.31 and 16.42±1.20 kg, respectively. Parity of doe and birth type of kid significantly affected birth weight and three months weight while sex of kid and season of birth of kid affected birth, three months, six months and yearling weight consistently. Kids from first parity does were lighter at birth, three months and six months of age than kids from higher parity does. Twin born kids were lower in weight at birth and three months of ages than their single born counterparts. Female kids and kids born during the dry season had lower weight at all ages considered. The least squares mean pre-weaning and post-weaning growth rates obtained were 53.4±2.30 and 29.3±4.32 g day-1, respectively. Parity of doe, type of birth and season birth of kid affected pre-weaning growth rate. Kids from first parity does, twin born kids and kids born during the dry season had lower growth rate. The significant effect of fixed factors needs to be considered in an effort to improve productivity of goats in the study areas. © 2013 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Abergele goat; Birth weight; Growth rate; Sekota; Traditional management	animal; article; birth weight; body weight; Ethiopia; female; goat; growth, development and aging; male; newborn; physiology; pregnancy; season; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Birth Weight; Body Weight; Ethiopia; Female; Goats; Male; Pregnancy; Seasons; Capra hircus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33646256911	Effect of vetch (Vicia sativa) hay supplementation on performance of Begait and Abergelle goats in northern Ethiopia. I. Milk yield and composition	Berhane G., Eik L.O.	2006	Small Ruminant Research	64	3	10.1016/j.smallrumres.2005.04.021	Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Aas, Norway	Berhane, G., Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Eik, L.O., Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Aas, Norway	The objectives of this work were to study and compare the effect of vetch hay supplementation on milk yield of indigenous Begait and Abergelle goats, managed under semi-extensive conditions in the lowlands of northern Ethiopia, and to compare milk yield and composition of the two breeds. Eleven 7-8-month-old goats from each breed were randomly assigned to each of the four levels of vetch hay supplementation at 0% BW (Treatment 1), 0.5% BW (Treatment 2), 1.0% BW (Treatment 3) and 1.5% BW (Treatment 4). Goats were grazed during daytime and milked in the evening only. Kids were allowed to suck their dams during the night up to 90 days and then weaned. Milk yield and lactation length increased gradually and almost linearly by increasing level of supplementation, while fat percentage and total solids percentage declined. Differences (P < 0.05) in average daily milk yield were found between Treatments 1 and 4 for both goat breeds in both years. Milk yield was significantly higher, but fat and SNF contents were lower for Begait than for Abergelle goats. When calculated as energy corrected milk (ECM)/kg metabolic BW, no breed differences were found. There were no significant differences for calcium and phosphorus contents in milk between the breeds. It is concluded that vetch hay supplementation increased milk yield by up to 50%, but decreased percent fat and total solids in the milk of both Begait and Abergelle goats. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Abergelle; Begait; Goats; Milk; Vetch hay	Capra hircus; Vicia; Vicia sativa; Vicia sativa subsp. nigra	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84905190672	Burial and thermal history modeling and petroleum potential evaluation of the northwestern Niger Delta, Nigeria [Modelação da evolução térmica e do soterramento e avaliação do potencial petrolífero do noroeste do Delta do Níger, Nigéria]	Ojo O.J., Akpabio I., Frielingsdorf J.	2012	Comunicacoes Geologicas	99	2	None	Department of Geology and Mineral Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria; Department of Physics, University of Uyo, Nigeria; Shell Petroleum Development Company, PortHarcourt, Nigeria	Ojo, O.J., Department of Geology and Mineral Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria; Akpabio, I., Department of Physics, University of Uyo, Nigeria; Frielingsdorf, J., Shell Petroleum Development Company, PortHarcourt, Nigeria	One of the major hydrocarbon exploration risks or constraints in the Niger Delta is the complex nature of the petroleum systems, as there is lack of geochemical data from deeper and older potential strata. In this study, 1D models of burial and thermal histories were constructed from stratigraphic and well-log data in order to assess the petroleum potential of part of the northwestern Niger Delta basin using Cauldron and PetroMod software. The thermal maturation of the source rock intervals was reconstructed based on crustal thinning during rift, break up, and drift during the Lower and Upper Cretaceous. Bottom-hole temperature data were used to estimate present-day subsurface temperature. Results show that the Eocene and Paleocene source rocks attained sufficient thermal maturities to contribute oil and gas into the Oligocene and Miocene clastic reservoirs. In Operation Mining License (OML) 1 and 40, the Paleocene, which is overmature (modeled Ro% ranges from 0.9 to 3 Ro %) at present, entered the oil window and expelled most of its oil during late Eocene. In the present day, it could be expelling minor volumes of dry gas. The Eocene source rock intervals appear to be the most active at present, having entered the oil window during Oligocene and attained present-day maturities in the range of 0.62 to 0.90 Ro% in most of the wells. However, in OML 38, with relatively higher sedimentation rates, the Paleocene source rocks are presently at the peak of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion whereas the Eocene source rocks in most of the wells are barely mature. The Oligocene intervals in the wells studied are not mature according to modeled vitrinite reflectance ranging from 0.4 to 0.52R% at present day. At present time, average cumulative oil generated and expelled from Paleocene source rocks in OML 1 and 40 are 98,000 kg/m2 and 77,500 kg/m2, respectively. The Eocene source rocks stand at 73,000 kg/m2 and 35,000 kg/m2, respectively. In OML 38, average cumulative oil generated from Paleocene and Eocene source rocks are 95,000 and 51,000 kg/m2, respectively. Only 76% and 1.9% of the generated hydrocarbon have been expelled, respectively. It is only from the Paleocene interval of Abiala 1 (OML 40) that a substantial amount of gas (65,000 kg/m2) has been generated. © 2012 LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Geologia e Energia IP.	Abiala; Heat flow; Hydrocarbon; Maturation; Paleocene; Source rock	burial (geology); computer simulation; crustal thinning; gas field; heat flow; hydrocarbon exploration; hydrocarbon reservoir; Paleocene-Eocene boundary; potential flow; sedimentation rate; software; source rock; thermal maturity; Niger Delta; Nigeria	None
None	None	Maize production in a changing climate. impacts, adaptation, and mitigation strategies	Cairns J.E., Sonder K., Zaidi P.H., Verhulst N., Mahuku G., Babu R., Nair S.K., Das B., Govaerts B., Vinayan M.T., Rashid Z., Noor J.J., Devi P., San Vicente F., Prasanna B.M.	2012	Advances in Agronomy	114	None	10.1016/B978-0-12-394275-3.00006-7	International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Mexico; International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Hyderabad, India; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Nairobi, Kenya	Cairns, J.E., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Mexico; Sonder, K., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Mexico; Zaidi, P.H., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Hyderabad, India; Verhulst, N., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Mexico, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Mahuku, G., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Mexico; Babu, R., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Mexico; Nair, S.K., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Mexico; Das, B., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Nairobi, Kenya; Govaerts, B., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Mexico; Vinayan, M.T., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Hyderabad, India; Rashid, Z., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Hyderabad, India; Noor, J.J., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Hyderabad, India; Devi, P., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Hyderabad, India; San Vicente, F., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Mexico; Prasanna, B.M., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Nairobi, Kenya	Plant breeding and improved management options have made remarkable progress in increasing crop yields during the past century. However, climate change projections suggest that large yield losses will be occurring in many regions, particularly within sub-Saharan Africa. The development of climate-ready germplasm to offset these losses is of the upmost importance. Given the time lag between the development of improved germplasm and adoption in farmers' fields, the development of improved breeding pipelines needs to be a high priority. Recent advances in molecular breeding provide powerful tools to accelerate breeding gains and dissect stress adaptation. This review focuses on achievements in stress tolerance breeding and physiology and presents future tools for quick and efficient germplasm development. Sustainable agronomic and resource management practices can effectively contribute to climate change mitigation. Management options to increase maize system resilience to climate-related stresses and mitigate the effects of future climate change are also discussed. © 2012 Elsevier Inc.	Abiotic stress; Adaptation; Biotic stress; Climate change; Climate projections; Maize; Mitigation; Sub-Saharan Africa	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84902578770	Predicting the impact of climate change on regional and seasonal abundance of the mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) using temperature-driven phenology model linked to GIS	Fand B.B., Tonnang H.E.Z., Kumar M., Bal S.K., Singh N.P., Rao D.V.K.N., Kamble A.L., Nangare D.D., Minhas P.S.	2014	Ecological Modelling	288	None	10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.05.018	National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Indian Council of Agricultural Research Malegaon, Baramati, Pune 413 115, Maharashtra, India; International Centre for Insect Physiology and Ecology, PO Box 30772 00100, Nairobi, Kenya	Fand, B.B., National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Indian Council of Agricultural Research Malegaon, Baramati, Pune 413 115, Maharashtra, India; Tonnang, H.E.Z., International Centre for Insect Physiology and Ecology, PO Box 30772 00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Kumar, M., National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Indian Council of Agricultural Research Malegaon, Baramati, Pune 413 115, Maharashtra, India; Bal, S.K., National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Indian Council of Agricultural Research Malegaon, Baramati, Pune 413 115, Maharashtra, India; Singh, N.P., National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Indian Council of Agricultural Research Malegaon, Baramati, Pune 413 115, Maharashtra, India; Rao, D.V.K.N., National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Indian Council of Agricultural Research Malegaon, Baramati, Pune 413 115, Maharashtra, India; Kamble, A.L., National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Indian Council of Agricultural Research Malegaon, Baramati, Pune 413 115, Maharashtra, India; Nangare, D.D., National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Indian Council of Agricultural Research Malegaon, Baramati, Pune 413 115, Maharashtra, India; Minhas, P.S., National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Indian Council of Agricultural Research Malegaon, Baramati, Pune 413 115, Maharashtra, India	The mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is a highly invasive and polyphagous pest of global incidence. The fundamental hypothesis of the present study was that the temperature variations due to global climate change may affect seriously the future distribution and abundance of P. solenopsis, which might further aggravate the crop yield losses. We employed a temperature-based phenology model of P. solenopsis in a geographic information system for mapping population growth potentials of P. solenopsis. The three risk indices viz., establishment risk index, generation index and activity index were computed using interpolated temperature data from worldclim database for current (2000) and future (2050) climatic conditions. The daily minimum and maximum temperature data from four selected weather stations in India were used for analysing within-year variation of pest population. A linear relationship was established between the activity indices and yield losses at various locations reported in literatures for predicting the future trend of yield loss due to climate change. The results revealed that, under current temperature conditions P. solenopsis can complete >4.0 generations per year on ~80% of the global cotton production areas. Economic losses are likely to occur in areas where at least 8.0 generations can develop in a year; under current climate ~40% areas fall under this category. The increased geographical suitability at higher latitudes in cotton production areas, additional 2.0 generations per year, and 4.0 fold increase of population abundance of P. solenopsis are expected in tropical and sub-tropical cotton areas of Brazil, South Africa, Pakistan and India due to predicted climate change. Analysis of within year population increase at various selected locations in India revealed that, P. solenopsis attained maximum potential population increase during the major cotton growing season (May-June to October-November). On the other hand, the innate ability of P. solenopsis population to increase reduced considerably during off season and cooler winter months. The increased pest activity of P. solenopsis due to climate change may intensify the losses in cotton yield, with forecasted losses in India to increase from existing losses of million US$ 1217.10 to future losses of million US$ 1764.85 by the year 2050. Here, we illustrate the possible impact of climate change on future P. solenopsis exacerbation based on temperature-driven population studies, which will help in undertaking agro-ecoregion specific management strategies. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.	Abiotic stresses; Climate adaptation planning; Invasive pests; Pest forecasting models; Policy measures; Risk mapping	Biology; Climate change; Climate models; Cotton; Cultivation; Forecasting; Forestry; Geographic information systems; Losses; Mapping; Risk assessment; Abiotic stress; Forecasting models; Invasive pests; Policy measures; Risk mappings; Population statistics; climate change; climate conditions; ecological modeling; GIS; growing season; insect; invasive species; phenology; plant-herbivore interaction; policy making; prediction; temperature effect; yield response; Brazil; South Africa; South Asia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84867746492	Evaluation of abiotic stress tolerance in transgenic potato plants with reduced expression of PSII manganese stabilizing protein	Gururani M.A., Upadhyaya C.P., Strasser R.J., Yu J.W., Park S.W.	2013	Plant Science	198	None	10.1016/j.plantsci.2012.09.014	Department of Molecular Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Botany, Guru Ghasidas Central University, Bilaspur, Chattisgarh, India; Bioenergetics Laboratory, University of Geneva, CH-1254 Jussy/Geneva, Switzerland; Weed Research Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; North West University of South Africa, South Africa	Gururani, M.A., Department of Molecular Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea; Upadhyaya, C.P., Department of Botany, Guru Ghasidas Central University, Bilaspur, Chattisgarh, India; Strasser, R.J., Bioenergetics Laboratory, University of Geneva, CH-1254 Jussy/Geneva, Switzerland, Weed Research Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China, North West University of South Africa, South Africa; Yu, J.W., Department of Molecular Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea; Park, S.W., Department of Molecular Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea	Manganese stabilizing protein (MSP) is an important component of the Photosystem II (PSII) oxygen evolving complex. In our previous work, transgenic potato plants with reduced expression of MSP (MSP-As) were developed and their physiological and biochemical responses were studied. In this report, we address the response of MSP-As plants toward salinity, heavy metal and osmotic stresses. MSP-As plants treated with NaCl, ZnCl2 or mannitol solution showed significant level of tolerance under all the stress conditions. Specific enzyme activities of major ROS-scavenging enzymes were found significantly higher in MSP-As plants than the control plants. MSP-As plants accumulated increased levels of proline and low molecular weight metabolites such as ascorbate and α-tocopherol, which indicated that these plants were much more resistant to stress compared to the corresponding control plants. The primary photochemical efficiencies and the OJIP kinetics analyses further confirmed that MSP-As plants were in better optimal health under stress compared to the control plants. Although the exact reason behind the increased stress tolerance in stressed MSP-As plants is unclear, our results strongly indicate the role of MSP of unknown function in abiotic stress tolerance. © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.	Abiotic stress; Manganese stabilizing protein; Oxygen evolving complex; Performance index; Photosystem II; Solanum tuberosum	chloride; heavy metal; mannitol; photosystem II manganese stabilizing protein; photosystem II manganese-stabilizing protein; reactive oxygen metabolite; sodium chloride; zinc chloride; zinc derivative; adaptation; article; comparative study; gene expression regulation; genetic variability; genetics; genotype; metabolism; osmotic pressure; photosystem II; physiological stress; physiology; plant gene; potato; salinity; transgenic plant; Adaptation, Physiological; Chlorides; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Genes, Plant; Genetic Variation; Genotype; Mannitol; Metals, Heavy; Osmotic Pressure; Photosystem II Protein Complex; Plants, Genetically Modified; Reactive Oxygen Species; Salinity; Sodium Chloride; Solanum tuberosum; Stress, Physiological; Zinc Compounds; Solanum tuberosum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84870504997	The impact of socially responsible investment index constituent announcements on firm price: Evidence from the JSE	Gladysek O., Chipeta C.	2012	South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences	15	4	None	School of Economic and Business Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa	Gladysek, O., School of Economic and Business Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa; Chipeta, C., School of Economic and Business Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa	This paper examines whether Socially Responsible Investment (SRI) Index constituent announcements have any impact on the returns of firms listing on the JSE SRI Index. The event study methodology is utilised to estimate abnormal returns for the firms included in the Index. The results indicate insignificant average abnormal returns (AARs) for the years 2004, 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009, suggesting no significant shareholder gains over the entire event window. However, the year 2005 is associated with positive and significant abnormal returns. Post announcement cumulative average abnormal returns (CAARs) are positive for the years 2005 and 2007. However, the year 2008 exhibited extreme swings in CAARs with a general declining trend in the latter part of the event window. These swings are attributed to the global financial crisis of 2008. Furthermore, the cumulative returns for the total sample show no clear outperformance of the SRI over the JSE All Share Index.	Abnormal returns; Event study; JSE; Socially responsible index	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67649342384	Effects of refined petroleum product (kerosene) Flame and fumes on the performance of broiler chickens	Amakiri A.O., Owen O.J., Iboh I.I.	2009	International Journal of Poultry Science	8	2	10.3923/ijps.2009.188.191	Department of Animal Science, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Amakiri, A.O., Department of Animal Science, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Owen, O.J., Department of Animal Science, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Iboh, I.I., Department of Animal Science, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	An investigation was carried out to evaluate the effects of refined petroleum product (kerosene) flame on body weight gains, feed intake, feed conversion, mortality and internal organ weights (liver, lungs, kidney and heart) of broiler chickens. One hundred and twenty day old broiler birds (Aboika breed) were randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups of 30 birds per treatment, replicated thrice with 10 birds per replicate using Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Kerosene flame in a designed burner was placed 4, 8 and 12 metres from the birds respectively, which represented treatments 1, 2 and 3 while treatment 4 was in another poultry house without flame. The birds were fed ad-libitum on a proprietary starters mash for 5 weeks and a broiler finisher mash for 3 weeks. Water was provided ad-libitum. Routine inoculations and other medications were administered when due. Burning was from 6.00 am-10.00 pm daily for 56 days. Results indicated that the distances (treatments) did not significantly (p>0.05) affect mortality and organ weights. However, the flame distance significantly (p<0.05) affected weekly feed conversion, body weight gains and feed consumption. This research was a simulation of what obtains in a gas field, where gas flaring is carried out close to poultry farms and also to determine the impact of using kerosene in lanterns and stoves for brooding day old chickens. © Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Aboika breed; Broiler chickens; Kerosene; Performance	Aves; Gallus gallus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84858750618	Infecund evaluation of cycling female Sprague-Dawley rats: An aftermath treatment with Momordica charantia seed extract	Amah C.I., Yama O.E., Noronha C.C.	2012	Middle East Fertility Society Journal	17	1	10.1016/j.mefs.2011.08.003	Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P.M.B. 12003, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria	Amah, C.I., Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P.M.B. 12003, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria; Yama, O.E., Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P.M.B. 12003, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria; Noronha, C.C., Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P.M.B. 12003, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria	Introduction: Bitter melon (Momordica charantia) grows in tropical areas including parts of the Amazon, Africa, Asia and the Caribbean. It has an array of biologically active plant chemicals including triterpenes, proteins and steroids. Aim: The aim is to evaluate the effect of methanolic seed extract of M. charantia (MC) on ova count, implantation and the fetus of Sprague-Dawley rats. Methodology: Thirty adult cyclic female Sprague-Dawley (S-D) rats divided into three groups (A, B and C) of 10 rats/group were used for the study. The female rats in Groups B and C were made pregnant by cohabiting with male S-D rats. In all the groups, MC extract was administered in the morning (9.00 a.m.) at a dose of 25 mg/100 g b.w./oral. In Group A, rats (in proestrous phase) were treated with a single dose and sacrificed the following day (estrous phase). Rats in Group B were fed once daily from day 1 to 10 of gestation and sacrificed on the 12th day. Rats in Group C were fed once daily from day 6 to 19 of gestation and sacrificed on the 20th day of gestation. The following were assessed: ova count, anti-implantation, early abortifacient properties and possible teratogenicity. Result: The extract completely suppressed the release of ova and exhibited highly significant anti-implantation activity. Significant (p < 0.05) changes were seen in the mean body weight, mean crown rump length and mean tail length of the fetuses. Conclusion: In conclusion, MC (25 mg/100 g b.w.) exhibited anti-ovulatory and anti-implantation (early abortifacient) properties. These are certainly desirable anti-fertility actions. It also resulted in prenatal growth deficiencies. © 2011 Middle East Fertility Society. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Abortifacient; Momordica charantia; Ova count; Sprague-Dawley	abortive agent; Momordica charantia extract; animal cell; animal experiment; article; body height; body weight; cell count; controlled study; dose response; drug effect; estrus; female; female infertility; fetus; fetus growth; gestation period; morning dosage; multiple cycle treatment; nonhuman; oocyte; plant seed; pregnancy outcome; proestrus; rat; Sprague Dawley rat; teratogenicity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33644510772	Evaluation of the abortifacient properties of chloroform extract of Carica papaya L. seed in female albino rats	Raji Y., Morakinyo A.O., Akinsomisoye O.S., Oloyo A.K., Esegbue-Peters P.R.C., Kunle-Alabi O.T.	2006	International Journal of Pharmacology	2	1	10.3923/ijp.2006.20.23	Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Department of Physiology, Olabisi On	Raji, Y., Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Morakinyo, A.O., Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Akinsomisoye, O.S., Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Oloyo, A.K., Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Esegbue-Peters, P.R.C., Department of Physiology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ikenne, Nigeria; Kunle-Alabi, O.T., Department of Physiology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ikenne, Nigeria	This study was carried out to investigate the impact of oral administration of chloroform extract of Carica papaya seed (CPE) on implantation and pregnancy in female albino rats. The study was divided into three experimental sections. Each section was subdivided into 4 groups treated, respectively with 25, 50 and 100 mg kg-1 b.w CPE and 2.5% tween 80 in normal saline (vehicle for CPE; control). Rats in section 1 were treated with CPE for two weeks before mating (pre-coital). Rats in section 2 were administered CPE from day 1 of pregnancy till term (post coital) while rats in section 3 received the extract for two weeks before mating and thereafter throughout term (pre and post-coital). Implantation sites and resorptions were determined in some of the pregnant rats after laparotomy. The gestation period, litter size and fetal weight were recorded in the remaining rats. The litters were also observed for any morphological alterations. The extract treated rats had significant decreases in litter size and implantation count (p&lt;0.01). The percentage resorptions increased in a dose dependent manner while the fetal weight and morphology remain unchanged when compared with the normal untreated control groups. The percentage resorptions were high in CPE treated rats when compared with the control group. None of the 100 mg kg-1 b.w CPE treated female rats had litters. The results suggest that the chloroform extract of Carica papaya seed has anti-implantation and abortifacient properties in female albino rats. © 2006 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Abortion; Carica papaya seed; Implantation; Pregnancy	abortive agent; Carica papaya extract; chloroform; animal experiment; animal model; article; breeding; controlled study; dose response; embryo resorption; female; fetus; fetus weight; gestation period; herbal medicine; laparotomy; litter size; mating; morphology; nidation; nonhuman; papaya; plant seed; rat	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84943513859	The impact of Ghana's R3M programme on the provision of safe abortions and postabortion care	Sundaram A., Juarez F., Ahiadeke C., Bankole A., Blades N.	2015	Health Policy and Planning	30	8	10.1093/heapol/czu105	Research Division, Guttmacher Institute, New York, NY, United States; Centro de Estudios Demográfico, Urbanos y Ambientales, El Colegio de Méico, Mexico; Institute for Statistical, Social, and Economic Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana	Sundaram, A., Research Division, Guttmacher Institute, New York, NY, United States; Juarez, F., Research Division, Guttmacher Institute, New York, NY, United States, Centro de Estudios Demográfico, Urbanos y Ambientales, El Colegio de Méico, Mexico; Ahiadeke, C., Institute for Statistical, Social, and Economic Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Bankole, A., Research Division, Guttmacher Institute, New York, NY, United States; Blades, N., Research Division, Guttmacher Institute, New York, NY, United States	In 2006, in response to the high maternal mortality, driven largely by unsafe abortions, the government of Ghana, in partnership with other organizations, launched the reducing maternal mortality and morbidity (R3M) programme in seven districts in Greater Accra, Ashanti and Eastern, to improve comprehensive abortion care services. This article examines whether this intervention made a difference to the provision of safe abortion services and postabortion care (PAC). We also examine the role played by provider attitudes and knowledge of the abortion law, on providers with clinical training in service provision. Primary data on health care providers in Ghana, collected using a quasi-experimental design, were analysed using propensity score weighting. Apart from the treatment group, the sample included two controls: (1) Districts in Accra, Ashanti and Eastern, not exposed to the treatment; and (2) Districts from distant Brong Ahafo, also not exposed to the treatment. The findings show that providers in the treatment group are nearly 16 times as likely to provide safe abortions compared with their peers in Brong Ahafo, and ∼2.5 times as likely compared with providers in the other control group. R3M providers were also different from their peers in providing PAC. Associations between provider attitudes and knowledge of the law on both outcomes were either non-significant or inconsistent including for providers with clinical knowledge of abortion provision. Provider confidence however is strongly associated with service provision. We conclude that the R3M programme is helping safe abortion provision, with the differences being greater with control groups that are geographically distant, perhaps owing to lower contamination from movement of providers between facilities. Increasing provider confidence is key to improving both safe abortion provision and PAC. © 2014 Published by Oxford University Press in association with The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.	Abortion; Ghana; programme evaluation; propensity score analysis	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34247530793	Ten years hence - Has the South African choice on termination of Pregnant Act, Act 92 of 1996, realised its aims? A moral-critical evaluation	de Roubaix M.	2007	Medicine and Law	26	1	None	Centre for Applied Ethics, Department of Philosophy, University of Stellenbosch, West Cape, South Africa	de Roubaix, M., Centre for Applied Ethics, Department of Philosophy, University of Stellenbosch, West Cape, South Africa	The South African Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act (Act 92 of 1996) (CTOP) passed by parliament ten years ago, aims to promote female reproductive autonomy through legitimising free access to abortion up to 20 weeks' of gestation. The article critically evaluates CTOP and highlights three societal concerns: the effect of CTOP on the self-esteem of nurses who perform abortion; the effect on general societal morality, and its desirability. CTOP has enjoyed mixed success. On the plus side, it has furthered female reproductive autonomy, has decreased early pregnancy maternal mortality and has advanced non-racialism through equal access to safe abortion. On the minus side, it remains controversial; the majority of the population opposes abortion on request, predominantly based on religiously-informed intuitions on the value of ante-natal life. Officials and managers of public health care facilities are often obstructive, and TOP personnel victimised and socially stigmatised. An unacceptably high rate of unsafe abortion prevails, particularly in rural areas and amongst adolescents, but also in certain urban areas. The prime causes are inadequate public education, attitudinal problems, and lack of psychological support for TOP personnel, the segregation of ante-natal care and abortion services, inadequate training, research, communication and contraceptive services, absence of incentives for TOP personnel and "traditional" gender roles and male power-based domination in reproductive choices. Corrective measures include a goal directed educational programme and initiatives like value clarification workshops which have been effective in changing negative attitudes of participants, and may thus address stigmatisation, improve working conditions of TOP personnel, promote societal tolerance and acceptance, and informed consent. Of particular concern are the questions of informed consent, minors, promotion of counselling and contraceptive services (particularly for adolescents), conscientious objection and the protection of compliant (and non-compliant) personnel. ©YOZMOT 2007.	Abortion legislation; Adolescents; Birth control; Constitutional concerns; Education; Gender based domination; Minors; Pre-natal moral significance; Reproductive autonomy; Safe unsafe abortion; Self-esteem; Societal Morality; South Africa	abortion; article; birth control; contraception; fetal rights; first trimester pregnancy; gestational age; health care access; health care facility; health education; health promotion; human; illegal abortion; induced abortion; informed consent; maternal mortality; medicolegal aspect; morality; nurse attitude; patient attitude; patient autonomy; pregnancy termination; prenatal care; psychosocial care; public health; racism; religion; reproductive rights; right to life; self esteem; sex role; social desirability; social psychology; South Africa; Abortion, Legal; Female; Humans; Morals; Pregnancy; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84888134062	Pervasive, long-lasting impact of historical logging on composition, diversity and above ground carbon stocks in Afrotemperate forest	Adie H., Rushworth I., Lawes M.J.	2013	Forest Ecology and Management	310	None	10.1016/j.foreco.2013.09.037	School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Ecological Advice Division, Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife, PO Box 13053, Cascades 3202, South Africa; Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia	Adie, H., School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Rushworth, I., Ecological Advice Division, Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife, PO Box 13053, Cascades 3202, South Africa; Lawes, M.J., Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia	Understanding the rate and extent of forest recovery from major disturbance events enable forest managers to establish conservation priorities and allocate limited resources for their management. We examined the extent to which Afrotemperate forest has recovered from widespread, stand-levelling logging that followed the European settlement of south eastern South Africa approximately 150years ago. We used plot-based tree census data to compare ecological characteristics (diversity, composition, structure) of primary, secondary and degraded Afrotemperate forests. Forests impacted by colonial logging events show no evidence of converging on the composition and above ground standing stock of old-growth forests. Primary forest canopies were dominated by two conifer species (Podocarpaceae) and a suite of long-lived pioneer angiosperms dominated the canopies of secondary forests. Old-growth canopy trees (≥20cmdbh) were taller (~26m vs ~16m) and had broader girths (~94cm vs ~54cm) compared with those in secondary forest. Canopy tree size differences translated to considerable (2 to 3-fold) differences in above ground carbon: we estimated that primary forest stores &gt;240MgCha-1 compared with the range of 80.7-114.3MgCha-1 estimated for the two secondary forests and 84.3MgCha-1 for the degraded forest. Measures of rarefied species richness and diversity (Shannon exponential) were markedly lower for primary forest canopy trees, consistent with the proposition that the composition of Afrotemperate forests converges on podocarp dominance at the old-growth stage. In contrast, diversity measures for small (2.5-10.0cmdbh) and medium (10.1-19.9cmdbh) trees were noticeably higher in secondary and degraded forests indicating the considerable conservation value of these formerly disturbed forests. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.	Above ground biomass; Degradation; Forest recovery; Podocarpaceae; Primary forest; Secondary forest	Above ground biomass; Forest recovery; Podocarpaceae; Primary forest; Secondary forests; Carbon; Conservation; Degradation; Population statistics; Recovery; Secondary recovery; Forestry; aboveground biomass; community composition; coniferous tree; environmental degradation; forest canopy; forest management; logging (timber); old-growth forest; secondary forest; species diversity; temperate forest; Biomass; Carbon; Conservation; Degradation; Forestry; Coniferophyta; Magnoliophyta; Podocarpaceae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84924807774	The Effects of Cathode Parameters on the Performance of Poly(2,5-Benzimidazole)-Based Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell	Maiyalagan T., Pasupathi S., Pollet B.G.	2015	Electrocatalysis	6	2	10.1007/s12678-014-0228-8	HySA Systems Competence Centre, South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Modderdam Road, Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa	Maiyalagan, T., HySA Systems Competence Centre, South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Modderdam Road, Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa; Pasupathi, S., HySA Systems Competence Centre, South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Modderdam Road, Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa; Pollet, B.G., HySA Systems Competence Centre, South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Modderdam Road, Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa	The effects of electrode parameters on membrane electrode assembly performance including Pt loading, hydrophobicity during heat treatment, catalyst layer thickness and the amount of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) in the cathode are investigated. The fuel cell performance is maximized via catalyst utilization by optimizing the phosphoric acid content in the electrodes. Heat treatment of gas diffusion electrode results in an increase in hydrophobicity and a decrease in phosphoric acid content in the catalyst layer, which drastically affects the fuel cell performance. In our conditions, a maximum fuel cell performance of 270 mW cm−2 was achieved at 160 °C with air using 1 mg Pt cm−2 total catalyst loading (20 % PTFE). The fuel cell performance and the poisoning effect of carbon monoxide in poly(2,5-benzimidazole) (ABPBI)-membrane-based high-temperature membrane electrode assemblies were investigated with respect to carbon monoxide concentrations. Fuel cell performance of Pt alloys (Pt-Cu/C, Pt-Fe/C, Pt-Ni/C) is compared with that of Pt/C at temperatures between 140 and 180 °C. It was observed that Pt-Cu/C alloy catalysts exhibit higher performance with lower catalyst loadings (0.4 mg Pt cm−2) than Pt/C catalyst. The performance of alloy catalysts follows the order of Pt-Cu/C &gt; Pt-Fe/C &gt; Pt-Ni/C &gt; Pt/C. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media New York.	ABPBI; Electrode performance; Gas diffusion electrode; HT-PEMFCs; Membrane electrode assembly; Phosphoric acid; Pt alloy catalysts	None	KP1-S01, DST, Department of Science and Technology, Republic of South Africa
Scopus	2-s2.0-28244439182	Determining milling performance of sorghum cultivars by means of abrasive decortication and roller milling techniques	van der Merwe M., Osthoff G., Pretorius A.J.	2005	South African Journal of Plant and Soil	22	4	None	Department of Physiology Nutrition and Consumer Science, University of North West, Potchefstroom Campus, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; ARC-Grain Crops Institute, Private Bag X1251, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Department of Microbial Biochemical and Food Technology, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	van der Merwe, M., Department of Physiology Nutrition and Consumer Science, University of North West, Potchefstroom Campus, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa, ARC-Grain Crops Institute, Private Bag X1251, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Osthoff, G., Department of Microbial Biochemical and Food Technology, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Pretorius, A.J., Department of Physiology Nutrition and Consumer Science, University of North West, Potchefstroom Campus, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa	Although roller milling has been successfully applied to produce sorghum meal, the South African sorghum milling industry mostly uses abrasive decortication milling. The first objective of this study was to develop a laboratory-scale roller milling technique for a scaled-down roller mill and determine the milling performance of sorghum cultivars, using canonical variate analysis. The second objective was to compare the suitability of abrasive decortication and roller milling techniques to determine milling performance of sorghum. Thirdly, cultivars better suited for roller milling and those, which milled more successfully with abrasive decortication milling, were identified. Grain samples of 24 sorghum cultivars produced during two seasons at three localities were milled with a Tangential Abrasive Dehulling Device and a roller mill consisting of two break rollers with different flute sizes. Canonical variate analysis was found to be a suitable procedure to analyse and predict the roller milling performance. Little variation in milling losses of different cultivars was found with roller milling, while more variation in losses was experienced between cultivars with abrasive decortication. Mean colour was highly acceptable and did not depend on the milling time in the case of roller milling samples. Cultivars PAN 8564, NS 5655, SNK 3337 and SNK 3863 displayed good milling quality when milled using both roller and abrasive decortication milling. Both abrasive decortication and roller milling techniques were found to be suitable for sorghum milling and the determination of milling performance.	Abrasive decortication; Milling performance; Roller milling; Sorghum cultivars	milling	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78649598616	Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of extract of Abrus precatorious	Georgewill O.A., Georgewill U.O.	2009	Eastern Journal of Medicine	14	1	None	Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria	Georgewill, O.A., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria; Georgewill, U.O., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria	The anti-inflammatory activity of the extract of Abrus precatorius was investigated. Inflammatory response was induced by topical application of croton oil dissolved in suitable vehicle on the rat ear. After 6 hrs, cutting out the ear quantitated the response. The cut ear is weighed and the increase in weight relative to controls evaluated. Extract of A. precatorius when co applied with croton oil to the rat ear produced a reduction in the inflammatory response produced when croton oil alone was applied to the rat ear. The extract produced 67.10 + 2% reduction of the inflammatory response produced by croton oil alone, this was however lower than the 71.1 + 2% reduction of the inflammatory response produced by acetyl salicylic acid. This finding suggests that extract of A. precatorius exhibits anti-inflammatory activity and may explain the usefulness of the leaves of this plant in the treatment of inflammatory disease conditions by traditional healers.	Abrus precatorius; Acetyl salicylic acid; Croton oil; Inflammatory response	Abrus precatorius extract; acetylsalicylic acid; croton oil; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; antiinflammatory activity; article; controlled study; drug effect; drug screening; female; male; nonhuman; organ weight; otitis; plant leaf; quantitative analysis; rat	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883399902	Genetic variation of seed physico-chemical properties of Gongronema latifolia accessions in relation to their seedling performance	Agbo C.U., Onyebara S.C.	2013	Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences	23	4	None	Department of Crop Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Agbo, C.U., Department of Crop Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Onyebara, S.C., Department of Crop Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Genetic variation in physico-chemical properties of different accessions of Gongronema latifolia and contributions of such traits to seed emergence were investigated for two years in Nsukka. The study showed significant differences in the studied traits of the G. latifolia accessions. The accession, AC-05 had larger seeds as well as higher seed breadth and cotyledon thickness but lower level of abscisic acid (ABA) in both years. The seedling emergence capacity of the accessions in both years showed that the seedlings emerged earlier and more vigorous in the second year with reduced moisture content and ABA. Higher level of genotypic and phenotypic variance among the accessions on the measured traits occurred on the phenol content. Heritability estimates were higher in the chemical traits of the seeds than the physical traits with the exception of seed weight. Furthermore, the correlation coefficients suggest that accessions with larger seeds also have lower ABA and significantly higher vigorous emergence suggesting the impact of genetic factors in determining the performance of accessions. It was concluded that different accessions showed genetic differences in the seed traits which directly influenced emergence rate and vigour of seedlings over the two years.	Abscisic acid; Emergence; Genetic variation; Gongronema latifolia; Seed traits	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953857278	Effects of apiary management on colonisation and colony performance of African honey bee (Apis mellifera) in the north-western agro-ecological zone of Uganda	Okwee-Acai J., Anyanzo T.A., Aroba J., Vuchiri J.K., Onzivua T., Okullo P.	2010	Livestock Research for Rural Development	22	5	None	Department of Veterinary Surgery and production, Makerere University, P. O Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; National Agricultural Advisory Services, Coordinating Office, P.O Box 1, Moyo, Uganda; Production Department, Moyo District Local Government, P. O Box 1, Moyo, Uganda; Department of entomology, Koboko District Local Government, Uganda; National Forest Resources Research Institute (NAFORI), P. O Box 1752, Kampala, Uganda	Okwee-Acai, J., Department of Veterinary Surgery and production, Makerere University, P. O Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Anyanzo, T.A., National Agricultural Advisory Services, Coordinating Office, P.O Box 1, Moyo, Uganda; Aroba, J., Production Department, Moyo District Local Government, P. O Box 1, Moyo, Uganda; Vuchiri, J.K., Production Department, Moyo District Local Government, P. O Box 1, Moyo, Uganda; Onzivua, T., Department of entomology, Koboko District Local Government, Uganda; Okullo, P., National Forest Resources Research Institute (NAFORI), P. O Box 1752, Kampala, Uganda	The north-west agro-ecological zone of Uganda, also known as the West-Nile region produces up to three-quarters of honey in Uganda. However, beekeeping in this region is still based on traditional technologies and practices and characterised by alarmingly low colonisation and high absconding rates. Using field experiments, we investigated the effects of modern apiary management practices on colonisation and colony performance of the African honey bee (Apis mellifera). Six experimental sites were set in the West-Nile districts of Moyo, Koboko and Yumbe. At each experimental site, 18 log and 18 Kenya Top Bar (KTB) hives were sited. Half of each hive type was sited at waist height and half high up on tall trees. A third of each hive type was baited with natural hive sealant or bee glue (propolis), beeswax or cassava flour respectively. Management practices were introduced three months after hive siting. Colonisation was significantly (χ2 = 38.20) higher in hives placed high on trees than those placed at standard waist height. KTB hives were better (χ2 = 30.06) colonised than log hives. Propolis baited hives were better (χ2 = 62.08) colonised than wax or cassava baited ones. Colonisation significantly (χ2 = 39.19) improved in experimental sites where routine management practices were instituted compared to sites with no management. Most (73%) that were categorised as strong were in sites where routine management was instituted. We conclude that, wide adoption and application of modern beekeeping practices could tremendously improve colony performance and apiculture production in the west-Nile region.	Absconding; Baits; Beekeeping; Colonisation; Hive types; West-nile	Apis mellifera; Apoidea; Manihot esculenta	None
WoS	WOS:000342687100004	Assessing the impact of a school-based latrine cleaning and handwashing program on pupil absence in Nyanza Province, Kenya: a cluster-randomized trial	Caruso, Bethany A.,Dreibelbis, Robert,Freeman, Matthew C.,Garn, Joshua V.,Muga, Richard,Rheingans, Richard,Saboori, Shadi	2014	TROPICAL MEDICINE &amp; INTERNATIONAL HEALTH	19	10	10.1111/tmi.12360	Emory University, Florida State University System, University of Florida, University of Oklahoma - Norman, University of Oklahoma System, Great Lakes Univ Kisumu	"Rheingans, Richard: Florida State University System","Rheingans, Richard: University of Florida",	ObjectivesImproving school water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) conditions reduces pupil absence and illness. However, these benefits may depend on the conditions of the latrines and availability of consumables. We sought to determine whether a low-cost, policy-relevant, environmental-level latrine cleaning intervention could improve latrine cleanliness, increase its use and reduce absenteeism. MethodsIn a three-arm, cluster-randomized trial we assessed absence via periodical roll-call among 17564 pupils in 60 schools that had previously received WASH improvements as part of the SWASH+ project. Latrine conditions and use were also assessed using structured observation. Latrine cleanliness increased significantly during the post-intervention period among schools receiving the latrine cleaning package compared to controls, as did handwashing with soap. We found no difference in latrine use and absence across arms. ConclusionsThe additive impact of cleaning may not have been strong enough to impact absence above and beyond reductions attributable to the original WASH infrastructure improvements and basic hygiene education the schools previously received. Improving latrine conditions is important for the dignity and well-being of pupils, and investments and strategies are necessary to ensure that school toilets are clean and pupil-friendly.	ABSENCE,HANDWASHING,HYGIENE,"Latrine use",SANITATION,SCHOOL,DIARRHEA,"FECAL CONTAMINATION","HAND CONTAMINATION",HOUSEHOLDS,HYGIENE,PROMOTION,"SANITATION INTERVENTION",SOAP,WATER-TREATMENT,"WESTERN KENYA"	None	None
WoS	WOS:000300686600016	Assessing the impact of a school-based water treatment, hygiene and sanitation programme on pupil absence in Nyanza Province, Kenya: a cluster-randomized trial	Brumback, Babette,Dreibelbis, Robert,Freeman, Matthew C.,Greene, Leslie E.,Muga, Richard,Rheingans, Richard,Saboori, Shadi	2012	TROPICAL MEDICINE &amp; INTERNATIONAL HEALTH	17	3	10.1111/j.1365-3156.2011.02927.x	Emory University, Florida State University System, Johns Hopkins University, University of Florida, University of London, Great Lakes Univ Kisumu, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine	"Brumback, Babette: Florida State University System","Brumback, Babette: University of Florida","Greene, Leslie E.: Emory University","Rheingans, Richard: Florida State University System","Rheingans, Richard: University of Florida","Saboori, Shadi: Emory University",	Objectives There has been increased attention to access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) at schools in developing countries, but a dearth of empirical studies on the impact. We conducted a cluster-randomized trial of school-based WASH on pupil absence in Nyanza Province, Kenya, from 2007 to 2008. METHODS Public primary schools nested in three geographical strata were randomly assigned and allocated to one of three study arms [ water treatment and hygiene promotion (WT &amp; HP), additional sanitation improvement, or control] to assess the effects on pupil absence at 2-year follow-up. results We found no overall effect of the intervention on absence. However, among schools in two of the geographical areas not affected by post-election violence, those that received WT and HP showed a 58% reduction in the odds of absence for girls (OR 0.42, CI 0.21-0.85). In the same strata, sanitation improvement in combination with WT and HP resulted in a comparable drop in absence, although results were marginally significant (OR 0.47, 0.21-1.05). Boys were not impacted by the intervention. conclusion School WASH improvements can improve school attendance for girls, and mechanisms for gendered impacts should be explored. Incomplete intervention compliance highlights the challenges of achieving consistent results across all settings.	ABSENCE,HYGIENE,SANITATION,"sanitation and hygiene",SCHOOL,WATER,"WATER TREATMENT",ABSENTEEISM,ATTENDANCE,CHILDREN,HEALTH,INFECTIONS,INTERVENTIONS,POLLUTION,PROMOTION,RISK,"WESTERN KENYA"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84872326699	Where is my daddy? an exploration of the impact of absentee fathers on the lives of young people in Botswana	Thupayagale-Tshweneagae G., Mgutshini T., Nkosi Z.Z.	2012	Africa Development	37	3	None	Faculty of Human Sciences, University of South Africa, South Africa	Thupayagale-Tshweneagae, G., Faculty of Human Sciences, University of South Africa, South Africa; Mgutshini, T., Faculty of Human Sciences, University of South Africa, South Africa; Nkosi, Z.Z., Faculty of Human Sciences, University of South Africa, South Africa	A substantial body of research has consistently concluded that children growing up with absentee fathers are at an increased risk of maladjustment. This paper argues that co-parenting can have both direct and indirect or mediated effects on children. Co-parenting has an added benefit of modelling dyadic skills that include proving mutual emotional support, influence, and amicable resolution of disputes. Through qualitative data obtained in 2009 from 45 final year students at the University of Botswana, the authors conclude that African personhood is a larger-than-self conception, which also includes more than the physical being and shows that young people raised in father-absent families view their personhood as inferior, less guarded, and incomplete, relative to that of their counterparts who were born and raised in married-couple families. Living a full quality life eludes youth who were raised by mothers only, affirming the importance of fathers in the personhood of any individual. © Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa, 2012.	Absentee fathers; Co-parenting; Youth personhood	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84861404529	Class absenteeism: Reasons for non-attendance and the effect on academic performance	Schmulian A., Coetzee S.	2012	Accounting Research Journal	24	2	10.1108/10309611111163718	Department of Accounting, Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Schmulian, A., Department of Accounting, Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Coetzee, S., Department of Accounting, Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Purpose Other business education literature, particularly in the field of economics, has developed theories in respect of the reasons for non-attendance of lectures and the positive correlation between class attendance and academic performance. The aim of this paper is to determine the generalizability of these theories to a large accounting class in South Africa. Design/methodology/ approach This paper is a differentiated replication of the study by Paisey and Paisey, who provided initial evidence of the generalizability of these theories to a small accounting class in Scotland, employing a research questionnaire and the analysis of quantitative and qualitative data. Findings The reasons given for the non-attendance of lectures generally correspond with those previously reported. Certain differences that are identified are likely a result of specific country or economic factors. This study found a significant positive correlation between class attendance and academic performance; however, the correlation is low and not very meaningful. Further analysis reveals some difference between language groups suggesting that culture and ethnicity may have an effect on the relationship between class attendance and academic performance. Originality/value This paper raises questions as to the generalizability of prior research on class attendance and academic performance. The findings of this study suggest other factors, including students' economic, cultural and ethnic backgrounds, are likely to affect associations between class attendance and academic performance. © Copyright - 2011 Emerald Group Publishing Limited. All rights reserved.	Absenteeism; Academic performance; Accounting education; Class attendance; South Africa; Students	None	None
WoS	WOS:000259198200010	The impact of a school-based safe water and hygiene programme on knowledge and practices of students and their parents: Nyanza Province, western Kenya, 2006	Ayalo, M.,Freeman, M. C.,Hoekstra, R. M.,Migele, J.,Mwaki, A.,Ombeki, S.,O'Reilly, C. E.,Quick, R.,Ravani, M.	2008	EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION	136	1	10.1017/S0950268807008060	Emory University, CARE Kenya, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention - USA, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent	"Freeman, M. C.: Emory University","Quick, R.: Emory University","Ravani, M.: Emory University",	Safe drinking water and hygiene are essential to reducing Kenya's diarrhoeal disease burden. A school-based safe water and hygiene intervention in Kenya was evaluated to assess its impact on students' knowledge and parents' adoption of safe water and hygiene practices. We surveyed 390 students from nine schools and their parents at baseline and conducted a final evaluation of 363 students and their parents. From baseline to final evaluation, improvement was seen in students' knowledge of correct water treatment procedure (21-65%. P &lt; 0.01) and knowing when to wash their hands. At final evaluation, 14% of parents reported currently treating their water. compared with 6% Lit baseline (P &lt; 0.01). From 2004 to 2005. school absenteeism in the September-November term decreased in nine project schools by 35%, and increased in nine neighbouring comparison Schools by 5%. This novel programme shows promise for reducing, school absenteeism and promoting water and hygiene interventions in the home.	,ABSENTEEISM,BANGLADESH,BEHAVIORS,"CHILDHOOD DIARRHEA",CHLORINATION,"DIARRHEAL DISEASE",DRINKING-WATER,INTERVENTION,MORBIDITY,TRANSMISSION	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84926235128	Modelling the relationship between job demands, work attitudes and performance among nurses in a transition economy	Abiodun A.J., Osibanjo O.A., Adeniji A.A., Iyere-Okojie E.	2014	International Journal of Healthcare Management	7	4	10.1179/2047971914Y.0000000073	Department of Business Management, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun, Nigeria	Abiodun, A.J., Department of Business Management, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun, Nigeria; Osibanjo, O.A., Department of Business Management, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun, Nigeria; Adeniji, A.A., Department of Business Management, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun, Nigeria; Iyere-Okojie, E., Department of Business Management, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun, Nigeria	Nurses are critical human resource input in the hospitals’ functions of health promotion, curative and preventive care and; effective performance of their roles have implications for patients’ health outcomes. This study based on data obtained from 228 nurses in general and specialist hospitals explores the link between various dimensions of nurses’ job demands, job security and work attitude. Structural equation model analysis results indicate that work–family conflict and work pressures have implications for absenteeism; and that absenteeism is strongly linked with turnover while being a symptom of low job satisfaction. In addition, while job security negatively impact on absenteeism it has direct positive effect on both job satisfaction and commitment. This underlies the need for specific managerial countermeasures to balance work–family responsibilities as well as balance work load as measures to limit work pressures on nurses and hedge against absenteeism and turnover among nurses. © W. S. Maney & Son Ltd 2014.	Absenteeism; Job demand; Job security; Organizational withdrawal; Turnover; Work attitude	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84910100073	School truancy: Poor school attenders’ perceptions of the impact regarding dysfunctional teacher-learner relationships on truant behaviour	van Breda M.	2014	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	5	23	10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n23p1056	College of Education, University of South Africa, South Africa	van Breda, M., College of Education, University of South Africa, South Africa	The aim of this paper was to explore truants’ perceptions of the impact of teacher’s behaviour and attitudes on their school attendance. An in-depth literature study of the latest research on truancy uncovered that past truancy research focussed predominantly on the influence of home and community related influences in causing school truant behaviour. Three hundred eighth grade learners in the Metro East Education District (MEED) in the Western Cape, South Africa, participated in a survey measuring learners’ perceptions of the effects teacher-learner relationship on school and lesson attendance. The research findings suggest that respondents perceive unfavourable school experiences including being rejected, discriminated against by teachers and subjection to undue and humiliating punitive measures as significant grounds for their deliberate absence from lessons and ultimately dropping out of school. In presenting the research findings, it is argued that teachers often overlook the effects their class room conduct and attitudes may have on learners’ sense of belonging in school, learner school attendance and how learners view them. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that education authorities take account of the research findings of dysfunctional learner-teacher relationships in combatting school truancy. © 2014, Mediterranean Center of Social and Educational Research. All rights reserved.	Absenteeism; Learner-teacher relationships; Non-attendance; School; Truancy	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878206755	Spectral uniformity evaluation of reference surfaces for airborne and orbital sensors absolute calibration	Pinto C.T., Ponzoni F.J., de Castro R.M., Griffth D.J.	2012	Revista Brasileira de Geofisica	30	3	None	Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais - INPE, Divisão de Sensoriamento Remoto, Av. dos Astronautas, 1758, Jardim da Granja, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil; Instituto de Estudos Avanç Ados - IEAv/CTA, Divisão de Geointeligência, Trevo Coronel Aviador José Alberto Albano do Amarante, 1, Putim P.O. Box 6044-12231-970, 12228-001 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil; Universidade de Taubaté - UNITAU, Departamento de Matemática e F́isica, Avenida Marechal Deodoro, 605, Santa Clara, 12080-000 Taubaté, SP, Brazil; Council for Scientific and Industrial Research - CSIR, Defence, Peace, Safety and Security (DPSS), P.O. Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa	Pinto, C.T., Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais - INPE, Divisão de Sensoriamento Remoto, Av. dos Astronautas, 1758, Jardim da Granja, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil, Instituto de Estudos Avanç Ados - IEAv/CTA, Divisão de Geointeligência, Trevo Coronel Aviador José Alberto Albano do Amarante, 1, Putim P.O. Box 6044-12231-970, 12228-001 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil; Ponzoni, F.J., Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais - INPE, Divisão de Sensoriamento Remoto, Av. dos Astronautas, 1758, Jardim da Granja, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil; de Castro, R.M., Instituto de Estudos Avanç Ados - IEAv/CTA, Divisão de Geointeligência, Trevo Coronel Aviador José Alberto Albano do Amarante, 1, Putim P.O. Box 6044-12231-970, 12228-001 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil, Universidade de Taubaté - UNITAU, Departamento de Matemática e F́isica, Avenida Marechal Deodoro, 605, Santa Clara, 12080-000 Taubaté, SP, Brazil; Griffth, D.J., Council for Scientific and Industrial Research - CSIR, Defence, Peace, Safety and Security (DPSS), P.O. Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa	The extraction of quantitative information from data collected by either airborne or orbital electro optical sensors is only possible through a well-performed absolute calibration. The most common method of in-fight absolute calibration uses a reference surface. One of the most critical steps to implement this method is the reference surface characterization, which must be spectrally uniformity, among other features. This study presents the methodology used to assess the spectral uniformity of two potential areas for in-fight sensor calibration. Two surfaces were studied: (a) an area in Brazil of bare soil (quartz sand) and (b) Tuz Gölü salt fat in Turkey considered by the CEOS (Committee on Earth Observation Satellites) an official area for orbital sensors calibration. Radiometric measurements were carried out at various sampling points in these two areas. In addition, the study aims to describe and determine some of the main uncertainties sources involved in this process. According to the statistical criteria adopted, both reference surfaces have not been considered spectrally uniform. © 2012 Sociedade Brasileira de Geofísica.	Absolute calibration; Electro-optical sensors; Spectral uniformity	bare soil; calibration; data acquisition; quartz; radiometric method; sensor; spectral analysis; Brazil; Turkey	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84957729561	Factors affecting the absolute and relative long-term performance of initial public offerings (IPOs) on the Johannesburg security exchange (JSE)	Neneh B.N., Smit V.A.	2014	Investment Management and Financial Innovations	11	4	None	South Africa	Neneh, B.N., South Africa; Smit, V.A., South Africa	Nowadays, investors are progressively espousing an absolute returns approach for their long-term investments as global markets are unceasingly faced with economic uncertainty and market volatility (Foster, Jones and Nichols, 2014). However, prior research has primarily focused on identifying factors that can be used to predict long run relative returns. As such, it is important for the research and practitioner communities to identify factors that can help investors in predicting long-term absolute returns. The aim of this study is to determine if the same factors that have been noted to predict the relative returns of IPOs are also able to predict the absolute returns of the IPOs on the JSE. Using 290 companies listed on the JSE between 1996 and 2009, this study finds that mean IPO returns for the first three years post IPO are 3.19%, -9.60%, and -25.06% respectively for absolute returns and -7.67%, -34.6%, and -65.4% respectively for relative returns. It is also established that after three years, 109 companies have a positive absolute return while only 43 companies outperform the market benchmark. Furthermore, the results indicate that the market period is the only factor that can significantly predict both the absolute and relative returns with IPOs issued in the cold market periods having a higher probability of producing positive returns and outperforming the market benchmark than IPOs listed in the hot market periods. © Brownhilder Ngek Neneh, Van Aardt Smit, 2014.	Absolute returns; IPOs; JSE; Long-term performance; Relative returns; South Africa	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84887563654	Gamma (γ)-Ray Activity as a Tool for Identification of Hidden Ejecta Deposits Around Impact Crater on Basaltic Target: Example from Lonar Crater, India	Bose T., Misra S., Chakraborty S., Reddy K.	2013	Earth, Moon and Planets	111	42371	10.1007/s11038-013-9422-6	Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune, 411008, India; School of Geological Sciences, SAEES, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa; National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad, 500007, India	Bose, T., Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune, 411008, India; Misra, S., School of Geological Sciences, SAEES, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa; Chakraborty, S., Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune, 411008, India; Reddy, K., National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad, 500007, India	Geophysical techniques based on radioactivity measurements are not generally used for exploration of asteroid impact craters. Our studies on the field and laboratory measurements of radioactivity on samples from the Lonar crater, India, show that this technique could be an important method for mapping the distribution of ejecta around the deeply excavated impact craters particularly when these structures are formed on relatively old target rocks/palaeosol. The Lonar ejecta shows ~1.3 times higher γ-ray count rates in the field on average compared to the underlying palaeosol and ~1.9 times higher values over the target basalt while measured by a portable Geiger-Müller pulse counter. The absorbed γ-dose rate (D) of the Lonar samples, computed from 232Th, 238U, and 40K abundances in these samples, also show that the ejecta has distinct bulk dose rates (average ~8.42 nGy h-1) as compared to those of the palaeosol (~18.34 nGy h-1), target basalt (~11.97 nGy h-1), and the impact-melts and spherules (~14 nGy h-1). Therefore, radioactivity mapping of the terrestrial and planetary impact craters by direct methods has importance in mapping ejecta distributions around these structures. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Absorbed γ-dose rate (D); Ejecta; Gamma-radiation; Geiger-Müller pulse counter; Lonar crater; Palaeosol	basalt; crater; ejecta; gamma ray radiation; paleosol; radioactivity; spherule; India; Lonar Crater; Maharashtra; Spherules	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-68949087023	Performance evaluation of absorbent materials in evaporative cooling system for the storage of fruits and vegetables	Olosunde W.A., Igbeka J.C., Olurin T.O.	2009	International Journal of Food Engineering	5	3	10.2202/1556-3758.1376	University of Uyo, Nigeria; University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Bells University of Technology, Nigeria	Olosunde, W.A., University of Uyo, Nigeria; Igbeka, J.C., University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Olurin, T.O., Bells University of Technology, Nigeria	An experimental storage based on the principle of evaporative cooling was designed to evaluate the performance of three natural absorbent fiber materials to be used as cooling pads. The absorbent materials were jute, hessian and cotton waste. The performance criteria included cooling efficiency, material performance and total amount of heat load removed from the evaporative cooler. The results showed that under the no-load condition, the average cooling efficiency was highest for jute at 86.2%, compared to 76.3% for cotton waste and 61.7% for hessian fiber. Materials performance tests results showed that the highest resistance to mold formation was exhibited by hessian followed by cotton waste, while the jute fiber had very poor performance. The heat load determination also showed that products stored in the cooler with jute as water absorbent produced the least heat of respiration, followed by cotton waste and hessian in that order. The total results indicated that jute had the overall advantage over the other materials. However, if the cotton waste surface could be modified to offer larger surface required for evaporation, it would be the best alternative because the jute surface is prone to mold formation. © 2009 The Berkeley Electronic Press. All rights reserved.	Absorbent material; Cotton waste; Evaporative cooling; Hessian; Jute; Respiration; Storage	Absorbent material; Evaporative cooling; Hessian; Jute; Respiration; Storage; Absorption; Cooling; Cotton; Evaporation; Evaporative cooling systems; Jute fibers; Materials; Molds; Thermal load; Surfaces; Absorbents; Absorption; Burlap; Cooling; Cooling Systems; Cotton; Evaporation; Jute; Molds; Respiration; Storage; Surfaces; Wastes; Corchorus capsularis; Gossypium hirsutum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33947413142	Evaluation of a spherical PML for vector FEM applications	Davidson D.B., Botha M.M.	2007	IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation	55	2	10.1109/TAP.2006.889951	University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Davidson, D.B., University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Botha, M.M., University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa	The implementation and evaluation of a spherical perfectly matched layer (PML) within a Cartesian finite element method context using standard curl-conforming elements is presented in this paper. Results are compared to the long-standing 1st order absorbing boundary condition (ABC) and a new, rigorous implementation of a 2nd order ABC for curl-conforming elements. The 4 and 8 layer spherical PMLs are shown to offer very attractive levels of absorption, with reflections on the order of -60 to -70dB demonstrated. Numerical tests show that the guidelines for Cartesian PML absorbers, in terms of maximum conductivity, also carry over to the spherical PML. The 2nd order ABC is also shown to offer very good performance. Finally, coding issues for both the spherical PML and the analytical ABCs are briefly addressed. © 2007 IEEE.	Absorbing boundary conditions (ABC); Finite element method (FEM); Perfectly matched layer (PML)	Boundary conditions; Finite element method; Numerical methods; Vectors; Absorbing boundary conditions (ABC); Cartesian finite element method; Perfectly matched layer (PML); Electromagnetic field theory	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-53449089311	Impact of traditional medicinal plant extracts on antiretroviral drug absorption	Brown L., Heyneke O., Brown D., van Wyk J.P.H., Hamman J.H.	2008	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	119	3	10.1016/j.jep.2008.06.028	Department of Pharmacy, University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), P.O. Box 218, Ga-Rankuwa 0204, South Africa; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), P.O. Box 225, Ga-Rankuwa 0204, South Africa; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa	Brown, L., Department of Pharmacy, University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), P.O. Box 218, Ga-Rankuwa 0204, South Africa; Heyneke, O., Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), P.O. Box 225, Ga-Rankuwa 0204, South Africa; Brown, D., Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; van Wyk, J.P.H., Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), P.O. Box 225, Ga-Rankuwa 0204, South Africa; Hamman, J.H., Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa	Ethopharmacological relevance: Traditional herbal medicines are often used for the treatment of different diseases in developing countries, especially in the rural areas where a lack of an efficient primary health care system is usually experienced. Many patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus are taking traditional herbal medicines in conjunction with their modern antiretroviral medication and drug-herb interactions can occur in these cases. Aim of the study: To investigate the effect of water extracts of two traditional medicinal plants, Hypoxis hemerocallidea and Sutherlandia frutescens as well as l-canavanine (a constituent of Sutherlandia frutescens) on the transport of nevirapine across human intestinal epithelial cells. Materials and methods: Nevirapine transport in the apical to basolateral and basolateral to apical directions across Caco-2 cell monolayers was determined alone (normal control) and in the presence of verapamil (positive control), water extracts of Hypoxis hemerocallidea and Sutherlandia frutescens and an aqueous solution of l-canavanine. The cumulative transport and apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) values were calculated and compared. Results: Nevirapine alone was substantially effluxed in the basolateral to apical direction across the intestinal epithelial cell monolayers, which was statistically significantly (p ≤ 0.05) decreased by addition of verapamil, Hypoxis hemerocallidea extract and the l-canavinine solution. The effect of Sutherlandia frutescens on nevirapine transport was not statistically significantly different from the control. Conclusions: Hypoxis hemerocallidea and l-canavanine interact with the efflux of nevirapine across intestinal epithelial cells and therefore can potentially increase the bioavailability of this antiretroviral drug when taken concomitantly. © 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	Absorption; Antiretroviral drug; Drug-herb interaction; Efflux; Hypoxis hemerocallidea; Sutherlandia frutescens	antiretrovirus agent; canavanine; Hypoxis hemerocallidea extract; nevirapine; plant extract; Sutherlandia frutescens extract; unclassified drug; verapamil; article; controlled study; drug transport; herb drug interaction; highly active antiretroviral therapy; human; human cell; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; Hypoxis; Hypoxis hemerocallidea; intestine epithelium; monolayer culture; Sutherlandia; Sutherlandia frutescens; traditional medicine; Anti-HIV Agents; Caco-2 Cells; Calcium Channel Blockers; Canavanine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Drug Combinations; Fabaceae; Humans; Hypoxis; Intestinal Absorption; Medicine, African Traditional; Nevirapine; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; South Africa; Suspensions; Verapamil; Human immunodeficiency virus; Hypoxis hemerocallidea; Sutherlandia frutescens	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84863946617	Development of granular-medium-based impact energy management system	Mwangi F.M., Kanny K.	2012	International Journal of Crashworthiness	17	4	10.1080/13588265.2012.661658	Department of Mechanical Engineering, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa	Mwangi, F.M., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa; Kanny, K., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa	A granular-medium-based impact energy management system has been developed. The system was subjected to low-tomedium velocity regime impacts. Effects of lubrication of granules and defaulting of boundary conditions using Bravais cubic lattice structures have been investigated. Unlike traditional design platforms where heavy reliance is placed on the intrinsic properties of materials, experimental results indicate that the new system effectively relies on the underlying synergistic mechanisms to absorb and dissipate impact energy. Dynamic simulation results validate the system's practical relevance to the automotive industry and similar contexts. © 2012 Taylor & Francis.	Absorption; Bumpers; Dissipation; Granular medium; Impact energy	Cubic lattice; Design platform; Granular medium; Impact energy; Impact energy management; Intrinsic property; Synergistic mechanism; Absorption; Automobile bumpers; Automotive industry; Computer simulation; Energy dissipation; Energy management; Management	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880561708	Photocatalytic performance of nitrogen, osmium co-doped TiO2 for removal of eosin yellow in water under simulated solar radiation	Kuvarega A.T., Krause R.W.M., Mamba B.B.	2013	Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology	13	7	10.1166/jnn.2013.7589	UJ Centre for Nanomaterials Science, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa	Kuvarega, A.T., UJ Centre for Nanomaterials Science, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa; Krause, R.W.M., UJ Centre for Nanomaterials Science, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa; Mamba, B.B., UJ Centre for Nanomaterials Science, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa	Nitrogen, osmium co-doped TiO2 photocatalysts were prepared by a modified sol-gel method using ammonia as the nitrogen source and osmium tetroxide as the source of osmium. The role of rutile phase OsO2 in enhancing the photocatalytic activity of rutile TiO2 towards the degradation of Eosin Yellow was investigated. The materials were characterised by various techniques that include FTIR, Raman, XRD, SEM, EDS, TEM, TGA and DRUV-Vis. The amorphous, oven dried sample was transformed to the anatase and then the rutile phase with increasing calcination temperature. DRUVVis analysis revealed a red shift in absorption with increasing calcination temperature, confirmed by a decrease in the band gap of the material. The photocatalytic activity of N, Os co-doped TiO2 was evaluated using eosin yellow degradation and activity increased with increase in calcination temperature under simulated solar irradiation. The rutile phase of the co-doped TiO 2 was found to be more effective in degrading the dye (ka = 1.84×10-2 min-1) compared to the anatase co-doped phase (ka =9.90×10-3 min-1). The enhanced photocatalytic activity was ascribed to the synergistic effects of rutile TiO2 and rutile OsO2 in the N, Os co-doped TiO 2. Copyright © 2013 American Scientific Publishers All rights reserved.	Absorption Edge; Anatase; Nitrogen-Osmium Co-Doped TiO2; Osmium Dioxide; Photocatalysis; Rutile; Visible Light	Absorption edges; Co-doped tio; Modified sol-gel method; Photocatalytic activities; Photocatalytic performance; Rutile; Simulated solar radiations; Visible light; Calcination; Nitrogen; Osmium; Oxide minerals; Photocatalysis; Photocatalysts; Sol-gel process; Solar radiation; Sun; Titanium dioxide; eosin; nanomaterial; nitrogen; osmium; titanium; titanium dioxide; article; catalysis; chemistry; isolation and purification; light; materials testing; methodology; radiation exposure; solar energy; water management; water pollutant; Catalysis; Eosine Yellowish-(YS); Light; Materials Testing; Nanostructures; Nitrogen; Osmium; Solar Energy; Titanium; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Purification	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928239277	Asymmetric impacts of the determinants of energy intensity in Nigeria	Adom P.K.	2015	Energy Economics	49	None	10.1016/j.eneco.2015.03.027	Centre for Environmental and Resource Economics (CERE), Department of Forest Economics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Umeå, Sweden; Department of Banking and Finance, University of Professional Studies, Accra, Ghana	Adom, P.K., Centre for Environmental and Resource Economics (CERE), Department of Forest Economics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Umeå, Sweden, Department of Banking and Finance, University of Professional Studies, Accra, Ghana	This study analysed the problem of energy intensity determinants in Nigeria based on the fully modified OLS and canonical cointegration regressions. These methods were preferred since they are able to deal effectively with the second-order bias problems, an often characteristics of time series data. The impacts of price of crude oil, FDI, trade openness and industry structure are asymmetric which suggests the presence of structural effects in parameters. The impact of crude oil price is negative but becomes stronger post-1989 saving .126% more in energy consumption relative to pre-1989. Also, the impacts of FDI and trade openness are negative and significant but become stronger post-1989 saving 11.2% and 0.8% more in energy consumption relative to the baseline, respectively for every one percentage point increase in FDI and trade openness. The impact of industry value-added is positive and significant but weakens after 1989 consuming 1.8% less in energy for every one percentage point increase in industry value-added relative to the baseline. The energy reducing effect of industry value-added post-1989 reflects improvements in the technical characteristics of industrial sector in Nigeria. Last, the result showed that the absorptive capability and industry characteristics of Nigeria are important determinants of how FDI affects energy intensity. This implies that a more integrated FDI programme (considering the country characteristics) rather than a 'one-fit-all' programme is preferable. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.	Absorptive capability; Asymmetric effects; Energy intensity; Nigeria	Commerce; Crude oil; Oil shale; Absorptive capability; Asymmetric effects; Energy intensity; Industrial sector; Industry characteristics; Industry structures; Nigeria; Percentage points; Energy utilization; consumption behavior; crude oil; energy market; foreign direct investment; industrial structure; price dynamics; regression analysis; time series; trade; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84915757982	Predicting the determination and performance impact of absorptive capacity in China's SEZ prospects in Zambia and Mauritius	Maswana J.-C., Davies M.	2015	International Journal of Economics and Business Research	9	1	10.1504/IJEBR.2015.066021	Graduate School of Business Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 3-29-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Frontier Advisory (Pty) Ltd., 30 6th Street, Parkhurst, Johannesburg, South Africa	Maswana, J.-C., Graduate School of Business Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 3-29-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Davies, M., Frontier Advisory (Pty) Ltd., 30 6th Street, Parkhurst, Johannesburg, South Africa	This paper explores the underlying dimensions of absorptive capacity and its impact on the performance for firms in Zambia and Mauritius. It first defines a firm's capacity to absorb spillovers as a latent variable observable indirectly through its underlying dimensions. By means of structural equation modelling based on survey datasets collected within small and medium manufacturing enterprises expecting to engage in special economic zone activities, it investigated the impact of absorptive capacity and its correlation with the performance of firms. Three dimensions that correlated to firm characteristics (technology, networks, and human factors) were found to reflect absorptive capacity. Importantly, it also found that absorptive capacity mediated the relationship between firm characteristics and firm performance to only a moderate degree. In terms of policy implications, if high absorptive capacity is a precondition for effectively reaping external spillovers, this paper's findings suggest that exploitation of SEZ-induced spillovers could likely be limited unless local governments take action to strengthen the absorptive capacity of firms. Copyright © 2015 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.	Absorptive capacity; Africa; China; Mauritius; SEM; Special economic zone; Structural equation model; Zambia	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84908510997	Improving the braking performance of a vehicle with ABS and a semi-active suspension system on a rough road	Hamersma H.A., Schalk Els P.	2014	Journal of Terramechanics	56	None	10.1016/j.jterra.2014.09.004	Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of Pretoria, South Africa	Hamersma, H.A., Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Schalk Els, P., Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of Pretoria, South Africa	Rapid advances have been made in the field of vehicle dynamics in terms of improving the ride, handling and safety using actuators and control systems. Optimising a vehicle's ride comfort or handling has led to the development of semi-active suspension systems. Anti-lock braking systems (ABS) have resulted in significant improvements in vehicle braking whilst maintaining directional control over the vehicle. These advances have improved vehicle and occupant safety in general, but there are often some trade-offs. For example, the stopping distance of a vehicle fitted with ABS on an undulating road is significantly increased compared to braking without ABS. This has severe implications, especially in the off-road vehicle industry. The effects of spring and damper characteristics on the braking performance of a sports-utility-vehicle (SUV) on hard rough terrain are investigated. The approach is simulation based, using an experimentally validated full vehicle model of the SUV, built in Adams in co-simulation with MATLAB and Simulink. The simulations were performed on measured road profiles of a Belgian paving and parallel corrugations (or a washboard road). The results indicate that the suspension system has a significant impact on the braking performance, resulting in differences in stopping distances of up to 9 m. © 2014 ISTVS. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	ABS systems; Multi-body dynamics modelling; Off-road vehicles; Semi-active suspension; Tyre modelling	Multi-body dynamic; Rough roads; Semi active suspension; Semi-active suspension systems	None
WoS	WOS:000315042100039	A quasi-experimental evaluation of an HIV prevention programme by peer education in the Anglican Church of the Western Cape, South Africa	Mash, Rachel,Mash, Robert James	2012	BMJ OPEN	2	2	10.1136/bmjopen-2011-000638	Stellenbosch University	"Mash, Rachel: Stellenbosch University","Mash, Robert James: Stellenbosch University"	Introduction: Religion is important in most African communities, but faith-based HIV prevention programmes are infrequent and very rarely evaluated. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a church-based peer education HIV prevention programme that focused on youth. Design: A quasi-experimental study design compared non-randomly chosen intervention and control groups. Setting: This study was conducted in the Cape Town Diocese of the Anglican Church of Southern Africa. Participants: The intervention group of 176 teenagers was selected from youth groups at 14 churches and the control group of 92 from youth groups at 17 churches. Intervention and control churches were chosen to be as similar as possible to decrease confounding. Intervention: The intervention was a 20-session peer education programme (Fikelela: Agents of Change) aimed at changing risky sexual behaviour among youth (aged 12-19 years). Three workshops were also held with parents. Primary and secondary outcome measures: The main outcome measures were changes in age of sexual debut, secondary abstinence, condom use and numbers of partners. Results: The programme was successful at increasing condom usage (condom use score 3.5 vs 2.1; p=0.02), OR 6.7 (95% CI 1.1 to 40.7), and postponing sexual debut (11.9% vs 21.4%; p=0.04) absolute difference 9.5%. There was no difference in secondary abstinence (14.6% vs 12.5%; p=0.25) or with the number of partners (mean 1.7 vs 1.4; p=0.67) and OR 2.2 (95% Cl 0.7 to 7.4). Conclusion: An initial exploratory quasi-experimental evaluation of the Agents of Change peer education programme in a church-based context found that the age of sexual debut and condom usage was significantly increased. The study demonstrated the potential of faith-based peer education among youth to make a contribution to HIV prevention in Africa. Further evaluation of the effectiveness of the programme is, however, required before widespread implementation can be recommended.	,ABSTINENCE,ADOLESCENTS,GHANA,HEALTH,HIV/AIDS,"PROTECTIVE BEHAVIORS",RELIGION,"SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA",TANZANIA,YOUTH	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84899842756	Mathematical analysis of hepatitis C model for intravenous drug misusers: Impact of antiviral therapy, abstinence and relapse	Mushayabasa S., Bhunu C.P.	2014	Simulation	90	5	10.1177/0037549714528388	Department of Mathematics, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP 167, Harare, Zimbabwe	Mushayabasa, S., Department of Mathematics, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP 167, Harare, Zimbabwe; Bhunu, C.P., Department of Mathematics, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP 167, Harare, Zimbabwe	Despite advances in hepatitis C therapy and better knowledge of viral/host factors related to disease progression, hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains the leading cause of chronic liver disease, causing progression to end-stage liver disease (ESLD) as well as the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. In this paper a mathematical model for assessing the impact of antiviral therapy, abstinence and relapse on the transmission dynamics of HCV is formulated and analyzed. A threshold quantity known as the reproductive number has been computed, and the stability of the steady states has been investigated. The dynamical analysis reveals that the model has globally asymptotically stable steady states. The impacts of antiviral therapy, abstinence and relapse on the transmission dynamics of HCV are discussed through the basic reproductive number and numerical simulations. © 2014 The Society for Modeling and Simulation International.	abstinence; Hepatitis C virus (HCV); intravenous drug misusers; relapse; reproductive number; sensitivity analysis; treatment	Disease control; Mathematical models; Sensitivity analysis; Viruses; abstinence; Hepatitis C virus; intravenous drug misusers; relapse; Reproductive number; treatment; Drug therapy	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79951515024	Mathematical Analysis of an HIV/AIDS Model: Impact of Educational Programs and Abstinence in Sub-Saharan Africa	Bhunu C.P., Mushayabasa S., Kojouharov H., Tchuenche J.M.	2011	Journal of Mathematical Modelling and Algorithms	10	1	10.1007/s10852-010-9134-0	Department of Applied Mathematics, Modelling Biomedical Systems Research Group, National University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box AC 939, Ascot, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe; Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 OES, United Kingdom; Department of Mathematics, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019-0408, United States; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada	Bhunu, C.P., Department of Applied Mathematics, Modelling Biomedical Systems Research Group, National University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box AC 939, Ascot, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 OES, United Kingdom; Mushayabasa, S., Department of Applied Mathematics, Modelling Biomedical Systems Research Group, National University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box AC 939, Ascot, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe; Kojouharov, H., Department of Mathematics, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019-0408, United States; Tchuenche, J.M., Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada	We formulate a deterministic HIV/AIDS model to theoretically investigate how counselling and testing coupled with the resulting decrease in sexual activity could affect the HIV epidemic in resource-limited communities. The threshold quantities are determined and stabilities analyzed. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations support the idea that increase in the number of sexually inactive HIV positive individuals who voluntarily abstain from sex has a positive impact on HIV/AIDS control. Results from this theoretical study suggest that effective counselling and testing have a great potential to partially control the epidemic (especially when HIV positive individuals either willingly withdraw from risky sexual activities or disclose their status beforehand) even in the absence of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Therefore, more needs to be done in resource-limited settings, such as sub-Saharan Africa, as far as the HIV/AIDS epidemic is concerned and a formalized information, education, and communication strategy should be given prominence in educational campaigns. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Abstinence; HIV/AIDS; Reproduction number; Resource-limited; Testing and counselling	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84863803528	Evaluation of polyphenolic content and antioxidant activity of Artemisia afra jacq. ex willd. aqueous extract	Sunmonu T.O., Afolayan A.J.	2012	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	11	7	None	Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Phytomedicine Research Center, Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa	Sunmonu, T.O., Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Afolayan, A.J., Phytomedicine Research Center, Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa	Artemisia afra Jacq. ex Willd. is widely used in South African traditional medicine for the treatment of many ailments and diseases. In this work, aqueous extract of the plant was screened for its phenolic profile and antioxidant activity. The results obtained revealed that the extract has considerable amount of polyphenolic compounds including phenol, flavonoid, flavonol and proanthocyanidin. The extract also exhibited significant inhibition of DPPH and ABTS radicals as well as ferric reductive ability in a concentrationdependent manner. These are indications of antioxidant activity of A. afra which could be attributed to the presence of phenolic compounds; and the data compared well with those of known standards like BHT, rutin and vitamin C. This study has, to some extent, justified the folkloric use of the herb in traditional medicinal practice of South Africa. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2012.	ABTS; Antioxidant; Artemisia afra; DPPH; Free radicals; Total phenolics	1,1 diphenyl 2 picrylhydrazyl; 2,2' azinobis(3 ethylbenzothiazoline 6 sulfonic acid); antioxidant; Artemisia afra extract; ascorbic acid; butylcresol; flavonoid; flavonol; phenol; plant extract; polyphenol derivative; proanthocyanidin; rutoside; unclassified drug; antioxidant activity; Artemisia; Artemisia afra; article; concentration response; controlled study; drug isolation; drug screening; nonhuman; plant leaf; Artemisia afra	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84913612891	Strengthening confidence in climate change impact science	O'Connor M.I., Holding J.M., Kappel C.V., Duarte C.M., Brander K., Brown C.J., Bruno J.F., Buckley L., Burrows M.T., Halpern B.S., Kiessling W., Moore P., Pandolfi J.M., Parmesan C., Poloczanska E.S., Schoeman D.S., Sydeman W.J., Richardson A.J.	2015	Global Ecology and Biogeography	24	1	10.1111/geb.12218	Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, 735 State Street, Suite 300, Santa Barbara, CA, United States; Department of Global Change Research, Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados, IMEDEA (UIB-CSIC), Esporles, Mallorca, Spain; The UWA Oceans Institute and School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Australia; Centre for Ocean Life, DTU Aqua, Charlottenlund Slot, Denmark; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia; Climate Adaptation Flagship, CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, Ecosciences Precinct, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Global Change Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia; Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, Argyll, United Kingdom; Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, United States; Imperial College London, Department of Life Sciences, Silwood Park, United Kingdom; GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Paläoumwelt, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loewenichstrasse 28, Erlangen, Germany; Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia; Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia; Plymouth University, Drakes Circus, Plymouth, Devon, United Kingdom; Section of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, United States; Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, DC, QLD, Australia; Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; Farallon Institute for Advanced Ecosystem Research, 101 H Street, Suite Q, Petaluma, CA, United States; Centre for Applications in Natural Resource Mathematics (CARM), School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia	O'Connor, M.I., Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, 735 State Street, Suite 300, Santa Barbara, CA, United States; Holding, J.M., Department of Global Change Research, Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados, IMEDEA (UIB-CSIC), Esporles, Mallorca, Spain; Kappel, C.V., National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, 735 State Street, Suite 300, Santa Barbara, CA, United States; Duarte, C.M., Department of Global Change Research, Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados, IMEDEA (UIB-CSIC), Esporles, Mallorca, Spain, The UWA Oceans Institute and School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Australia; Brander, K., Centre for Ocean Life, DTU Aqua, Charlottenlund Slot, Denmark; Brown, C.J., School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia, Climate Adaptation Flagship, CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, Ecosciences Precinct, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Global Change Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia; Bruno, J.F., Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Buckley, L., Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Burrows, M.T., Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, Argyll, United Kingdom; Halpern, B.S., National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, 735 State Street, Suite 300, Santa Barbara, CA, United States, Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, United States, Imperial College London, Department of Life Sciences, Silwood Park, United Kingdom; Kiessling, W., GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Paläoumwelt, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loewenichstrasse 28, Erlangen, Germany; Moore, P., Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom; Pandolfi, J.M., Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia; Parmesan, C., Plymouth University, Drakes Circus, Plymouth, Devon, United Kingdom, Section of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, United States; Poloczanska, E.S., Climate Adaptation Flagship, CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, Ecosciences Precinct, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Schoeman, D.S., Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, DC, QLD, Australia, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; Sydeman, W.J., Farallon Institute for Advanced Ecosystem Research, 101 H Street, Suite Q, Petaluma, CA, United States; Richardson, A.J., Climate Adaptation Flagship, CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, Ecosciences Precinct, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Centre for Applications in Natural Resource Mathematics (CARM), School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia	Aim: To assess confidence in conclusions about climate-driven biological change through time, and identify approaches for strengthening confidence scientific conclusions about ecological impacts of climate change. Location: Global. Methods: We outlined a framework for strengthening confidence in inferences drawn from biological climate impact studies through the systematic integration of prior expectations, long-term data and quantitative statistical procedures. We then developed a numerical confidence index (Cindex) and used it to evaluate current practices in 208 studies of marine climate impacts comprising 1735 biological time series. Results: Confidence scores for inferred climate impacts varied widely from 1 to 16 (very low to high confidence). Approximately 35% of analyses were not associated with clearly stated prior expectations and 65% of analyses did not test putative non-climate drivers of biological change. Among the highest-scoring studies, 91% tested prior expectations, 86% formulated expectations for alternative drivers but only 63% statistically tested them. Higher confidence scores observed in studies that did not detect a change or tracked multiple species suggest publication bias favouring impact studies that are consistent with climate change. The number of time series showing climate impacts was a poor predictor of average confidence scores for a given group, reinforcing that vote-counting methodology is not appropriate for determining overall confidence in inferences. Main conclusions: Climate impacts research is expected to attribute biological change to climate change with measurable confidence. Studies with long-term, high-resolution data, appropriate statistics and tests of alternative drivers earn higher Cindex scores, suggesting these should be given greater weight in impact assessments. Together with our proposed framework, the results of our Cindex analysis indicate how the science of detecting and attributing biological impacts to climate change can be strengthened through the use of evidence-based prior expectations and thorough statistical analyses, even when data are limited, maximizing the impact of the diverse and growing climate change ecology literature. © 2014 The Authors.	Abundance; Attribution; Climate change; Distribution; Hypothesis; Impacts; Marine; Phenology; Scientific method; Time series	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-62049085455	Liana species richness, abundance and relationship with trees in the Bobiri forest reserve, Ghana: Impact of management systems	Addo-Fordjour P., Anning A.K., Larbi J.A., Akyeampong S.	2009	Forest Ecology and Management	257	8	10.1016/j.foreco.2009.01.051	Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana	Addo-Fordjour, P., Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana; Anning, A.K., Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana; Larbi, J.A., Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana; Akyeampong, S., Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana	Forest management practices which may represent various forms of disturbance regimes could influence liana species richness, abundance and relationship with their hosts. The study sought to determine the impacts of three management systems, namely, the Selection, Tropical Shelterwood and Post Exploitation Systems (SS, TSS and PES respectively) on liana species richness, abundance and relationship with trees in the Bobiri forest reserve, Ghana. Lianas with dbh ≥ 2 cm found on trees with dbh ≥ 10 cm were enumerated in 1 ha plot each in the SS, TSS and PES. All trees (dbh ≥ 10 cm) within the plots that did not carry lianas were also enumerated. A total of 640 liana individuals belonging to 27 species, 22 genera and 13 families were identified in the management systems. Griffonia simplicifolia (Vahl ex DC.) Baill., Motandra guineensis (Thonn.) A.DC. and Calycobolus africanus (G.Don) Heine were the abundant species in all the management systems. Unlike in SS, lianas in the TSS and PES were dominated by a few species. Larger diameter lianas were more abundant in the PES (32%) compared with the SS (18.3%) and the PES (13.1%). Liana diversity (H′) (species richness and abundance) was quantitatively higher in the SS (2.8) than the TSS (2.2) and the PES (2.0). The numbers of lianas carried by tree species differed significantly in the management systems (p &lt; 0.001 each). Liana infestation in the forest was high. The level of liana infestation did not reflect the extent of liana load per tree in the management systems. Larger trees carried significantly more liana individuals than smaller trees in the PES (p = 0.019, r 2 = 0.15). There was a positive significant relationship between host dbh and liana dbh in the PES (p &lt; 0.001, r 2 = 0.23) and TSS (p = 0.024, r 2 = 0.11). Tree diversity appeared to have influenced liana species richness and abundance. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Abundance; Bobiri forest; Impact; Lianas; Management systems; Relationship; Trees	Forestry; Potential energy; Potential energy surfaces; Abundance; Bobiri forest; Impact; Lianas; Management systems; Relationship; Trees; Management; abundance; diameter; ecological impact; forest management; species diversity; species richness; vine; Biodiversity; Energy; Forest Management; Forests; Ghana; Shelterwood; Trees; Africa; Ashanti; Bobiri Forest Reserve; Ghana; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Calycobolus; Griffonia; Griffonia simplicifolia; Motandra guineensis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84874444327	Impacts of forest management on liana abundance and liana-tree relationships in a tropical forest in Malaysia and implications for conservation	Addo-Fordjour P., Rahmad Z.B., Asyraf M.	2013	International Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystems Services and Management	9	1	10.1080/21513732.2012.714798	School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia; Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana	Addo-Fordjour, P., School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia, Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana; Rahmad, Z.B., School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia; Asyraf, M., School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia	This study analysed the impact of the Malayan Uniform management System (MUS) on liana abundance and their relationship with trees in the Bukit Panchor Forest Reserve, Malaysia. Two types of MUS-treated forest, medium-term MUS (M-MUS) and long-term MUS (L-MUS), were identified based on the management time span (19 and 42 years, respectively). Trees with diameter at breast height ≥ 10 cm were identified and examined for liana presence (diameter ≥ 2 cm) in ten 40 m × 40 m plots within each forest. Tree seedling and sapling abundance were also determined in a randomly selected 20 m × 20 m subplot within each plot. Liana abundance and infestation rates were significantly higher in the untreated forest than under the M-MUS, although they did not differ from those under the L-MUS. Tree diameter related significantly with liana load and basal area in all the forests except the M-MUS, which contained relatively more uniform diameter trees. Reduction in liana abundance and infestation in the treated forests favoured natural regeneration of the trees. Liana cutting was effective in reducing liana abundance and infestation in the medium term but not in the long term. Therefore, further liana cutting in the long term may be needed to control lianas. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.	abundance; forest management; infestation rates; liana-tree relationships; silvicultural treatment	abundance; cutting; deciduous forest; forest management; long-term change; sapling; seedling; silviculture; tropical forest; Malaysia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84889092904	The impact of childhood adversity on suicidality and clinical course in treatment-resistant depression	Tunnard C., Rane L.J., Wooderson S.C., Markopoulou K., Poon L., Fekadu A., Juruena M., Cleare A.J.	2014	Journal of Affective Disorders	None	1	10.1016/j.jad.2013.06.037	Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychological Medicine, Section of Neurobiology of Mood Disorders, 103 Denmark Hill, Box P074, London SE5 8AZ, United Kingdom; National Affective Disorder Unit, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia; Department of Neurosciences and Behaviour, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil	Tunnard, C., Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychological Medicine, Section of Neurobiology of Mood Disorders, 103 Denmark Hill, Box P074, London SE5 8AZ, United Kingdom, National Affective Disorder Unit, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Rane, L.J., Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychological Medicine, Section of Neurobiology of Mood Disorders, 103 Denmark Hill, Box P074, London SE5 8AZ, United Kingdom, National Affective Disorder Unit, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Wooderson, S.C., Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychological Medicine, Section of Neurobiology of Mood Disorders, 103 Denmark Hill, Box P074, London SE5 8AZ, United Kingdom, National Affective Disorder Unit, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Markopoulou, K., Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychological Medicine, Section of Neurobiology of Mood Disorders, 103 Denmark Hill, Box P074, London SE5 8AZ, United Kingdom, National Affective Disorder Unit, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Poon, L., National Affective Disorder Unit, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Fekadu, A., Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychological Medicine, Section of Neurobiology of Mood Disorders, 103 Denmark Hill, Box P074, London SE5 8AZ, United Kingdom, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia; Juruena, M., Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychological Medicine, Section of Neurobiology of Mood Disorders, 103 Denmark Hill, Box P074, London SE5 8AZ, United Kingdom, Department of Neurosciences and Behaviour, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil; Cleare, A.J., Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychological Medicine, Section of Neurobiology of Mood Disorders, 103 Denmark Hill, Box P074, London SE5 8AZ, United Kingdom, National Affective Disorder Unit, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom	Background Childhood adversity is a risk factor for the development of depression and can also affect clinical course. We investigated this specifically in treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Methods One hundred and thirty-seven patients with TRD previously admitted to an inpatient affective disorders unit were included. Clinical, demographic and childhood adversity (physical, sexual, emotional abuse; bullying victimization, traumatic events) data were obtained during admission. Associations between childhood adversity, depressive symptoms and clinical course were investigated. Results Most patients had experienced childhood adversity (62%), with traumatic events (35%) and bullying victimization (29%) most commonly reported. Childhood adversity was associated with poorer clinical course, including earlier age of onset, episode persistence and recurrence. Logistic regression analyses revealed childhood adversity predicted lifetime suicide attempts (OR 2.79; 95% CI 1.14, 6.84) and childhood physical abuse predicted lifetime psychosis (OR 3.42; 95% CI 1.00, 11.70). Limitations The cross-sectional design and retrospective measurement of childhood adversity are limitations of the study. Conclusions Childhood adversity was common amongst these TRD patients and was associated with poor clinical course, psychosis and suicide attempts. Routine assessment of early adversity may help identify at risk individuals and inform clinical intervention. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.	Abuse; Childhood adversity; Childhood trauma; Early life stress; Refractory depression; Suicide; Treatment-resistant depression	anxiolytic agent; hypnotic agent; mood stabilizer; neuroleptic agent; adult; article; bipolar disorder; bullying; child abuse; child sexual abuse; childhood injury; depression; disease course; early life stress; emotional abuse; female; human; logistic regression analysis; major clinical study; major depression; male; onset age; priority journal; psychosis; recurrent disease; suicidal behavior; suicide attempt; symptom; victim; cross-sectional study; Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant; life event; middle aged; psychologic test; psychological rating scale; psychology; risk factor; severity of illness index; treatment outcome; Adult Survivors of Child Abuse; Age of Onset; Bullying; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant; Female; Humans; Interview, Psychological; Life Change Events; Male; Middle Aged; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Risk Factors; Severity of Illness Index; Suicide, Attempted; Treatment Outcome	NIHR, National Institute for Health Research
WoS	WOS:000248543300004	A process evaluation of a school-based adolescent sexual health intervention in rural Tanzania: the MEMA kwa Vijana programme	Hayes, R. J.,Makokha, A.,Mazige, B. C.,Mshana, G.,Obasi, A. I. N.,Plummer, Mary L.,Ross, D. A.,Todd, J.,Wamoyi, J.,Wight, D.	2007	HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH	22	4	10.1093/her/cyl103	University of London, MRC, NIMR AMREF LSHTM Collaborat Projects	None	This study is a process evaluation of the school component of the adolescent sexual health programme MEMA kwa Vijana (MkV), which was implemented in 62 primary schools in rural Mwanza, Tanzania from 1999 to 2001. The MkV curriculum was a teacher-led and peer-assisted programme based on the Social Learning Theory. Process evaluation included observation of training sessions, monitoring and supervision, annual surveys of implementers, group discussions and 158 person-weeks of participant observation. Most teachers taught curriculum content well, but sometimes had difficulty adopting new teaching styles. Peer educators performed scripted dramas well, but were limited as informal educators and behavioural models. The intervention appeared successful in addressing some cognitions, e.g. knowledge of risks and benefits of behaviours, but not others, e.g. perceived susceptibility to risk. MkV shared the characteristics of other African school-based programmes found to be successful, and similarly found significant improvements in self-reported behaviour in surveys. However, a substantial proportion of MkV survey self-reports were inconsistent, there was no consistent impact on biological markers and extensive process evaluation found little impact on several key theoretical determinants of behaviour. Improvements in self-reported survey data alone may provide only a very limited-and perhaps invalid-indication of adolescent sexual health programme success.	,"ABUSE PREVENTION","AFRICAN YOUTH","AIDS EDUCATION-PROGRAM",COMMUNITY,FIDELITY,HIV/AIDS,"HIV PREVENTION",IMPLEMENTATION,"NORTHERN TANZANIA","PEER EDUCATION"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84873832167	Evaluation of three grades of binders as matrices in chloroquine phosphate tablets	Okorie O., Nwachukwu N.	2013	International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research	18	1	None	Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria	Okorie, O., Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria; Nwachukwu, N., Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria	Three hydrophilic polymers as binder matrices in the formulation of chloroquine phosphate tablets were evaluated. Detarium microcarpium seed gum (DMSG), a natural gum was compared with acacia (a natural gum) and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC), a synthetic gum as matrices in the formulation of conventional release chloroquine phosphate. Both acacia and NaCMC served as standards. Chloroquine phosphate tablets were formulated with 1% w/w, 2% w/w, 3% w/w and 4%w/w of DMSG, acacia (AC) and NaCMC using the wet granulation method. Granules prepared on evaluation showed flow rate of 5. 80 ± 0. 22 g/s to 10. 40 ± 0. 00 g/s, angle of repose values of 26. 00 ± 0. 05 to 30. 05 ± 0. 10 °, Carrs Index values of 3. 64 ± 0. 00 to 7. 94 ± 0. 01, and Hausner's quotient values 1. 05 ± 0. 00 to 1. 09 ± 0. 01 for all batches. The tablets obtained from the compressed granules were evaluated for uniformity of weight, hardness, friability, content of active ingredient and in vitro dissolution profile. Tablets were found to conform to British Pharmacopoeia standards. DMSG was found to compare favorably with both AC and NaCMC.	Acacia (AC); Chloroquine phosphate; Detarium microcarpium seed gum (DMSG); Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC)	carboxymethylcellulose; chloroquine; gum arabic; phosphate binding agent; article; bulk density; controlled study; drug solubility; flow rate; in vitro study; tablet disintegration time; tablet formulation; tablet friability; tablet hardness	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79952057345	Evaluation of the suspending properties of Aloe barbadensis (Aloe vera) gum in pharmaceutical suspensions	Okorie O., Nwachukwu N.	2011	International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research	6	2	None	Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers state, Nigeria	Okorie, O., Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers state, Nigeria; Nwachukwu, N., Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers state, Nigeria	This study aims at the possibility of using the dry gum of Aloe barbadensis (Family Liliaceae) as a suspending agent for zinc oxide suspension. The suspending properties of the test material or gum was evaluated and compared with other known compounds such as acacia and Sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC) at concentrations of 1% W/V, 2% W/V, and 4% W/V in zinc oxide suspension. The dry gum exudate was characterized and the suspension obtained there from evaluated for sedimentation volume (%), pH, redispersibility, and organoleptic properties. The stability of the formulation increased with increase in gum concentration and results obtained shows that the gum has good and stable suspending properties although at equivalent concentrations, both acacia and NaCMC had better suspending properties. Thus aloe gum can be used in preparations where low viscosity is desirable or its concentration doubled or tripled at higher viscosity requirements.	Acacia; Aloe barbadensis; Characterization; NaCMC; Redispersibility; Sedimentation volume; Suspending agent; Zinc oxide	carboxymethylcellulose; gum arabic; plant gum; zinc oxide; Aloe vera; article; concentration response; controlled study; dispersion; drug formulation; drug stability; drug storage; materials testing; organoleptic property; pH measurement; plant leaf; sedimentation rate; suspension; viscosity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78649970133	Comparative analysis of the early growth performance of indigenous acacia species in revegetating Trojan nickel mine tailings in Zimbabwe	Dafana M.M., Nyakudya I.W., Katsvanga C.A.T., Jimu L.	2010	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	9	8	None	Department of Environmental Science, Forestry Unit, Bindura University of Science Education, P. Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe; Department of Agriculture, Bindura University of Science Education, P. Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe	Dafana, M.M., Department of Environmental Science, Forestry Unit, Bindura University of Science Education, P. Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe; Nyakudya, I.W., Department of Agriculture, Bindura University of Science Education, P. Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe; Katsvanga, C.A.T., Department of Environmental Science, Forestry Unit, Bindura University of Science Education, P. Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe; Jimu, L., Department of Environmental Science, Forestry Unit, Bindura University of Science Education, P. Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe	Indigenous acacia species are preferred in mine dump revegetation because of their ability to colonize hostile environments, enhance soil fertility and meet the livelihood and cultural needs of local communities. This study compared early growth performance of three vindigenous Acacia species namely A. gerrardii, A. karroo and A. polyacantha established on Nickel Mine tailings amended with top soil, sewage sludge, and compound fertilizer. Growth performance in height and root collar diameter (RCD) were measured monthly using a meter rule and a veneer caliper respectively and survival was determined at the end of a six-month period. A completely randomized block design with 12 treatments replicated three times was used. Survival and relative growth rates in height and RCD (RGRh and RGRd), were tested for significant differences among treatments through analysis of variance using SPSS for Windows Version 15.0 (2006). Overall, there were no significance differences (P>0.05) in survival among the Acacia species but variation in survival (P>0.05) was observed among amendments. Species growth performance also varied (P > 0.05) among amendment materials and across species. It was concluded all the three pecies can be used in revegetation of nickel mine tailings dumps under similar conditions.	Acacia; Amendments; Growth performance; Indigenous; Nickel tailings; Survival	Acacia; Acacia gerrardii; Acacia karroo; Acacia polyacantha	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79961144752	Impacts of invasive Australian acacias: Implications for management and restoration	Le Maitre D.C., Gaertner M., Marchante E., Ens E.-J., Holmes P.M., Pauchard A., O'Farrell P.J., Rogers A.M., Blanchard R., Blignaut J., Richardson D.M.	2011	Diversity and Distributions	17	5	10.1111/j.1472-4642.2011.00816.x	Natural Resources and the Environment, CSIR, P. O. Box 320, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Apartado 3046, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal; Centre for Aboriginal Economic Policy Research, The Australian National University, Canberra 0200, ACT, Australia; Environmental Resource Management, Berkley Road, City of Cape Town, Maitland 7404, South Africa; Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Chile; Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), Chile; Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	Le Maitre, D.C., Natural Resources and the Environment, CSIR, P. O. Box 320, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Gaertner, M., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Marchante, E., Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Apartado 3046, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal; Ens, E.-J., Centre for Aboriginal Economic Policy Research, The Australian National University, Canberra 0200, ACT, Australia; Holmes, P.M., Environmental Resource Management, Berkley Road, City of Cape Town, Maitland 7404, South Africa; Pauchard, A., Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Chile, Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), Chile; O'Farrell, P.J., Natural Resources and the Environment, CSIR, P. O. Box 320, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Rogers, A.M., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Blanchard, R., Natural Resources and the Environment, CSIR, P. O. Box 320, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa, Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Blignaut, J., Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Richardson, D.M., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Aim The biophysical impacts of invasive Australian acacias and their effects on ecosystem services are explored and used to develop a framework for improved restoration practices. Location South Africa, Portugal and Chile. Methods A conceptual model of ecosystem responses to the increasing severity (density and duration) of invasions was developed from the literature and our knowledge of how these impacts affect options for restoration. Case studies are used to identify similarities and differences between three regions severely affected by invasions of Australian acacias: Acacia dealbata in Chile, Acacia longifolia in Portugal and Acacia saligna in South Africa. Results Australian acacias have a wide range of impacts on ecosystems that increase with time and disturbance, transform ecosystems and alter and reduce ecosystem service delivery. A shared trait is the accumulation of massive seed banks, which enables them to become dominant after disturbances. Ecosystem trajectories and recovery potential suggest that there are important thresholds in ecosystem state and resilience. When these are crossed, options for restoration are radically altered; in many cases, autogenic (self-driven and self-sustaining) recovery to a pre-invasion condition is inhibited, necessitating active intervention to restore composition and function. Main conclusions The conceptual model demonstrates the degree, nature and reversibility of ecosystem degradation and identifies key actions needed to restore ecosystems to desired states. Control and restoration operations, particularly active restoration, require substantial short- to medium-term investments, which can reduce losses of biodiversity and ecosystem services, and the costs to society in the long term. Increasing restoration effectiveness will require further research into linkages between impacts and restoration. This research should involve scientists, practitioners and managers engaged in invasive plant control and restoration programmes, together with society as both the investors in, and beneficiaries of, more effective restoration. © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.	Acacia; Biodiversity loss; Biological invasions; Degradation ecology; Ecosystem functions; Ecosystem services; Impact mechanisms; Invasive species; Seed banks; Soil nutrients	biological invasion; ecological impact; ecosystem function; ecosystem resilience; ecosystem response; ecosystem service; environmental degradation; environmental disturbance; invasive species; legume; population regulation; restoration ecology; seed bank; soil nutrient; Chile; Portugal; South Africa; Acacia; Acacia dealbata; Acacia longifolia; Acacia saligna	None
None	None	Evaluation of nutritive value of browse tree fodder species in semi-arid Kiteto and Kongwa districts of Tanzania	Nassoro Z., Rubanza C.D.K., Kimaro A.A.	2015	Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment	13	42433	None	Department of Conservation Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Dodoma, P.O Box 338, Dodoma, Tanzania; ICRAF Tanzania, P.O Box 6226, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Nassoro, Z., Department of Conservation Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Dodoma, P.O Box 338, Dodoma, Tanzania; Rubanza, C.D.K., Department of Conservation Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Dodoma, P.O Box 338, Dodoma, Tanzania; Kimaro, A.A., ICRAF Tanzania, P.O Box 6226, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	The use of browse tree fodder as supplements to ruminant feeding in the tropics is limited by lack of information on their nutritive potential. A study was carried out based on objectives: (1) to determine chemical composition and concentration of minerals and (2) to assess in vitro digestibility potential of five foliage species of Acacia (A. mellifera, A. senegal, A. tortilis and A. xanthophloea); and Boscia spp. indigenous to Kongwa and Kiteto districts, compared to Gliricidia sepium, Leucaena pallida and Melia azedarach that are established in farmlands in the two districts aiming to fill the existing feed gap for ruminants and soil improvement purposes. Data on chemical and mineral composition were analysed for ANOVA by using SAS software. The browse tree species had high levels of crude protein (CP) that varied (P < 0.05) among the species from 130 to 230 g/kg DM for A. xanthophloea and G. sepium, respectively. The species had moderate to low (P < 0.05) contents of fibers which varied among the species. The NDF ranged from 342 (A. xanthophloea) to 644 g/kg DM (Boscia spp.), ADF from 184 g/kg DM (L. pallida) to 577 g/kg DM (M. azedarach) and ADL from 38 to 175 g/ kg DM. The browse species had adequate levels of macro minerals ranging 2.2 - 12.6, 1.8 - 7.1, 1.4 - 6.4 and 1.5 - 3.1 g/kg DM for Ca, P, Mg and S, respectively. Concentrations of micro minerals were moderate to high (P < 0.05) (4.3 - 53, 155 - 300, 13.1 - 80.9 and 15.2 - 46 mg/kg DM for Cu, Fe, Man and Zn, respectively). The species had high (P < 0.05) in vitro digestibility potential 320 - 671 and 325 - 658 g/kg DM for IVOMD and IVDMD, respectively. Browse tree fodder species with enough foliage biomasses such as A. tortilis (pods), G. sepium, L. pallida and M. azedarach and in the current study could be utilized as protein supplements to ruminant livestock fed on low quality feeds including hays, stovers and crop residues due to their high levels of crude protein and minerals, low fibre contents as well as high digestibility potential. © 2015, World Food Ltd. and WFL Publishers. All rights reserved.	Acacia; Browse fodder; Chemical composition; In vitro digestibility; Minerals; Ruminants	calcium; lignin; magnesium; mineral; organic matter; phosphorus; protein; sulfur; Acacia; acid detergent fiber; animal food; Article; chemical composition; concentration (parameters); digestion; feeding; foliage; Gliricidia; Leucaena; livestock; Melia azedarach; neutral detergent fiber; nonhuman; nutritional value; plant residue; season; Tanzania	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79961033423	Cryptic herbivores mediate the strength and form of ungulate impacts on a long-lived savanna tree	Maclean J.E., Goheen J.R., Doak D.F., Palmer T.M., Young T.P.	2011	Ecology	92	8	10.1890/10-2097.1	Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Mpala Research Centre, P.O. Box 555, Nanyuki, Kenya; Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, United States; Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, United States; Department of Zoology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States; Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States	Maclean, J.E., Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada, Mpala Research Centre, P.O. Box 555, Nanyuki, Kenya; Goheen, J.R., Mpala Research Centre, P.O. Box 555, Nanyuki, Kenya, Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, United States, Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, United States; Doak, D.F., Mpala Research Centre, P.O. Box 555, Nanyuki, Kenya, Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, United States; Palmer, T.M., Mpala Research Centre, P.O. Box 555, Nanyuki, Kenya, Department of Zoology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States; Young, T.P., Mpala Research Centre, P.O. Box 555, Nanyuki, Kenya, Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States	Plant populations are regulated by a diverse array of herbivores that impose demographic filters throughout their life cycle. Few studies, however, simultaneously quantify the impacts of multiple herbivore guilds on the lifetime performance or population growth rate of plants. In African savannas, large ungulates (such as elephants) are widely regarded as important drivers of woody plant population dynamics, while the potential impacts of smaller, more cryptic herbivores (such as rodents) have largely been ignored. We combined a largescale ungulate exclusion experiment with a five-year manipulation of rodent densities to quantify the impacts of three herbivore guilds (wild ungulates, domestic cattle, and rodents) on all life stages of a widespread savanna tree. We utilized demographic modeling to reveal the overall role of each guild in regulating tree population dynamics, and to elucidate the importance of different demographic hurdles in driving population growth under contrasting consumer communities. We found that wild ungulates dramatically reduced population growth, shifting the population trajectory from increase to decline, but that the mechanisms driving these effects were strongly mediated by rodents. The impact of wild ungulates on population growth was predominantly driven by their negative effect on tree reproduction when rodents were excluded, and on adult tree survival when rodents were present. By limiting seedling survival, rodents also reduced population growth; however, this effect was strongly dampened where wild ungulates were present. We suggest that these complex interactions between disparate consumer guilds can have important consequences for the population demography of long-lived species, and that the effects of a single consumer group are often likely to vary dramatically depending on the larger community in which interactions are embedded. © 2011 by the Ecological Society of America.	Acacia drepanolobium; African savanna; Demography; Herbivory; Kenya; Kenya Long-term Exclosure Experiment; Lambda; Matrix model; Mpala Research Centre; Rodent; Seed predation; Tree recruitment; Ungulate	cattle; exclusion experiment; growth rate; guild; herbivore; life cycle; plant community; plant-herbivore interaction; population decline; population growth; population modeling; population regulation; rodent; savanna; seedling emergence; survival; ungulate; woody plant; Acacia; Africa; animal; antelope; article; cattle; ecosystem; elephant; feeding behavior; horse; physiology; rodent; tree; Acacia; Africa; Animals; Antelopes; Cattle; Ecosystem; Elephants; Equidae; Feeding Behavior; Rodentia; Trees; Kenya; Acacia drepanolobium; Bos taurus; Elephantidae; Rodentia; Ungulata	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84859450037	Impact of Acacia drepanolobium (an invasive woody species) on Gum-resin resources and local livelihood in Borana, southern Ethiopia	Terefe B., Limenih M., Gure A., Angassa A.	2011	Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems	14	3	None	Samara University, Ethiopia; Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resource Management, Hawassa University, Ethiopia; Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Hawassa University, Ethiopia; Botanical Institute, University of Cologne, Germany	Terefe, B., Samara University, Ethiopia; Limenih, M., Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resource Management, Hawassa University, Ethiopia; Gure, A., Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resource Management, Hawassa University, Ethiopia; Angassa, A., Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Hawassa University, Ethiopia, Botanical Institute, University of Cologne, Germany	We investigated the impact of Acacia drepanolobium, a species threatening rangeland resources including Gum-resin production and pastoralists' livelihoods in Borana. Data were collected through vegetation surveys, key informant interviews, use of formal questionnaires and focus group discussions. We found a total of 22 woody species in the study area. A. drepanolobium was found to be the most dominant (22%) and abundant (65%) invasive woody species with an importance value index (IVI) of 103. According to our respondents, A. drepanolobium was the first widely expanded woody species followed by Dichrostachys cinerea and A. mellifera. Eighty seven percent of our respondents ranked A. drepanolobium as the most invading woody species during their life time. Overall, our results demonstrated that the impact of A. drepanolobium had greatly affected the condition of rangeland vegetation. The implication is that the reduction in the capacity of rangelands for livestock grazing could reduce the resilience of local livelihood under changing environmental conditions. Furthermore, pastoralists' perception indicated that the expansion of A. drepanolobium had reduced the survival of Gum-resin producing species. Generally, the shift from cattle based pastoral economy to mixed livestock types could be attributed to the expansion of A. drepanolobium that forced the community to shift their mode of production. We confirmed that A. drepanolobium is an invasive indigenous woody species with multiple effects on the ecology of rangelands and on the livelihood security of pastoral communities.	Acacia drepanolobium; Borana; Bush encroachment; Importance value index; Invasiveness; Livelihood security; Rangeland ecology	Acacia; Acacia drepanolobium; Acacia mellifera; Bos; Dichrostachys cinerea	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84876435776	Impact of Prosopis invasion on a keystone tree species in the Kalahari Desert	Schachtschneider K., February E.C.	2013	Plant Ecology	214	4	10.1007/s11258-013-0192-z	Botany Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa; CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, P.O. Box 320, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa	Schachtschneider, K., Botany Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa, CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, P.O. Box 320, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa; February, E.C., Botany Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa	Several Prosopis species were introduced into South Africa in the last century. Since then two species, Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana and Prosopisvelutina have invaded large parts of arid southern Africa. Here, we examine the extent to which increased mortality of Acacia erioloba, a keystone species in the Kalahari Desert, can be attributed to competition for water with Prosopis. We do this for A. erioloba and Prosopis sp. at invaded, as well as cleared sites through a determination of species abundance, canopy vitality, plant water stress and plant water source. Our stable isotope results show that in the riparian zone both A. erioloba and Prosopis are using the same water source. Our results also show that there is a 50 % increase in canopy dieback of A. erioloba in the invaded river plots relative to the cleared river plots. This dieback cannot be related to changes in rainfall and temperature as there were no adverse fluctuations (drought) in the weather in the 10 years preceding our study. We speculate that because A. erioloba is more water stressed in the invaded river plot this increase in mortality and dieback is related to plant moisture stress that is not related to climate but to competition for water with Prosopis. Our study gives strong support for the eradication of Prosopis from rivers in arid parts of Southern Africa. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Acacia erioloba; Alien invasive; Kalahari Desert; Keystone species; Prosopis; Water	abundance; arid region; biological invasion; dicotyledon; dieback; ecological impact; keystone species; mortality; riparian zone; stable isotope; water stress; Kalahari Desert; Acacia; Acacia erioloba; Prosopis; Prosopis glandulosa; Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33646425859	Linking a population model with an ecosystem model: Assessing the impact of land use and climate change on savanna shrub cover dynamics	Tews J., Esther A., Milton S.J., Jeltsch F.	2006	Ecological Modelling	195	42433	10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.11.025	Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 2, D-14467 Potsdam, Germany; Percy FitzPatrick Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa	Tews, J., Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 2, D-14467 Potsdam, Germany; Esther, A., Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 2, D-14467 Potsdam, Germany; Milton, S.J., Percy FitzPatrick Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa; Jeltsch, F., Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 2, D-14467 Potsdam, Germany	In semiarid savannas of Southern Africa current land use practices and climate change may lead to substantial changes of vegetation structure in the near future, however uncertainty remains about the potential consequences and the magnitude of change. In this paper we study the impact of climate change, cattle grazing, and wood cutting on shrub cover dynamics in savannas of the southern Kalahari. We use an established savanna ecosystem model to simulate landscape dynamics in terms of rainfall, fire and distribution of the dominant tree Acacia erioloba. We then incorporate these data into a spatial population model of the common, fleshy-fruited shrub Grewia flava and investigate shrub cover dynamics for a period of 100 years. Depending on the intensity of commercial wood cutting practices tree removal of A. erioloba led to a strong decline of the G. flava population, as shrub recruitment is concentrated in tree sub-canopies due to bird-mediated seed dispersal. Under climate change shrub cover slightly decreased with decreasing precipitation and was unchanged with increase in precipitation variability. Contrarily, grazing by cattle strongly increased shrub cover and facilitated shrub encroachment because of cattle-induced distribution of G. flava seeds into the matrix vegetation. Knowledge of the latter process is particularly important because shrub invasion is a major concern for conservation and savanna rangeland management as a result of its adverse effects on livestock carrying capacity and biodiversity. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Acacia erioloba; Bush encroachment; Global change; Grewia flava; Overgrazing; Seed dispersal; Shrub encroachment; Southern Kalahari; Spatial-explicit simulation model	Climate change; Land use; Mathematical models; Regional planning; Vegetation; Acacia erioloba; Bush encroachment; Global change; Grewia flava; Overgrazing; Seed dispersal; Shrub encroachment; Southern Kalahari; Spatial-explicit simulation model; Ecosystems; climate change; grazing; land use; landscape change; savanna; semiarid region; shrub; Africa; Kalahari Desert; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Acacia; Acacia erioloba; Aves; Bos taurus; Grewia; Grewia flava	None
None	None	Effects of Acacia nilotica, A. polyacantha and Leucaena leucocephala leaf meal supplementation on performance of Small East African goats fed native pasture hay basal forages	Rubanza C.D.K., Shem M.N., Bakengesa S.S., Ichinohe T., Fujihara T.	2007	Small Ruminant Research	70	42403	10.1016/j.smallrumres.2006.02.008	United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan; Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania; Tanzania Forestry Research Institute (TAFORI), P.O. Box 1257, Shinyanga, Tanzania; Laboratory of Animal Science, Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan	Rubanza, C.D.K., United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan, Tanzania Forestry Research Institute (TAFORI), P.O. Box 1257, Shinyanga, Tanzania, Laboratory of Animal Science, Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan; Shem, M.N., Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania; Bakengesa, S.S., Tanzania Forestry Research Institute (TAFORI), P.O. Box 1257, Shinyanga, Tanzania; Ichinohe, T., Laboratory of Animal Science, Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan; Fujihara, T., Laboratory of Animal Science, Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan	Optimal utilisation of tannin-rich browse tree fodders including Acacia spp. foliages as crude protein (CP) supplements to ruminants in the tropics is limited by less available information on their feed nutritive potential. Two studies were conducted to: (1) determine rate and extent of ruminal dry matter (DM) degradability (DMD) and (2) investigate effect of sun-dried Acacia nilotica (NLM), A. polyacantha (PLM) and Leucaena leucocephala leaf meal (LLM) supplementation on growth performance of 20 growing (7-9 months old) Small East African male goats (14.6 ± 0.68 kg) fed on native pasture hay (NPH) basal diet for 84 days in a completely randomised design experiment in north-western Tanzania. The goats were randomised into four treatment groups consisting of five animals each. Three supplement diets: 115.3 g NLM (T2), 125.9 g PLM (T3) and 124.1 g LLM (T4), which was used as a positive control, were supplemented at 20% of the expected DM intake (DMI; i.e., 3% body weight) to the three animal groups fed on NPH (basal diet) compared to the animals in a control group that were fed on NPH without browse supplementation (T1). NPH had significantly the lowest (P &lt; 0.05) CP of 45.5 g kg-1 DM compared to NLM, PLM and LLM (159, 195 and 187 g kg-1 DM, respectively). NPH had higher (P &lt; 0.05) fibre fractions; lower ruminal DM degradability characteristics and ME than NLM, PLM and LLM. Supplementation of the animals with browse resulted to (P &lt; 0.05) higher average daily weight gains (ADG) of 157.1 g day-1 in T4 than the animals fed on T2 (114.3 g day-1) and T3 (42.9 g day-1), and even to those fed on T1 (control), which lost weight (-71.4 g day-1). Improved weight gains were mainly due to corrected feed nitrogen (N) or CP due to supplementation of the animals with browse fodder. Too low CP of the NPH would not meet the normal requirements of CP (80 g CP kg-1 DM) for optimal rumen microbial function in ruminants. Higher ADG due to LLM (T4) and NLM (T2) supplementation suggest optimised weight gains due to browse supplementation (20% of expected DMI); while lower weight gains from supplementation with PLM (T3) indicate the possible utilisation of A. polyacantha leaves to overcome weight losses especially during dry seasons. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Acacia; Fodder; Goats; Growth; Leucaena leucocephala; Tanzania	Acacia; Acacia nilotica; Acacia polyacantha; Animalia; Bovidae; Capra hircus; Leucaena leucocephala	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-58149472211	Performance of planted indigenous trees, Acacia galpinii and Faidherbia albida, in semi-arid Botswana	Walker K.P., Theron J.M., Moseki B.	2008	Southern Forests	70	3	10.2989/SF.2008.70.3.3.664	Malotwana Silvopastoral Farm, PO Box 2386, Mochudi, Botswana; Department of Forest and Wood Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Botswana, Private Bag, UB 00704 Gaborone, Botswana	Walker, K.P., Malotwana Silvopastoral Farm, PO Box 2386, Mochudi, Botswana; Theron, J.M., Department of Forest and Wood Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Moseki, B., Department of Biological Sciences, University of Botswana, Private Bag, UB 00704 Gaborone, Botswana	Two popular indigenous browse, shade and poles trees, Acacia galpinii and Faidherbia albida, were evaluated for survival and growth on-farm in Malotwana, Botswana, with a mean annual rainfall of 450 mm. The trial was a two species x three spacing factorial experiment in a randomised complete block design replicated five times. The three spacings were 5 m x 5 m, 6.3 m x 5 m and 8.3 m x 5 m. The study was conducted over 6.5 years. The results showed that A. galpinii is a promising poles, browse and shade species, while F. albida exhibited high mortality (67%) at 4.5 years (after below-average rainfall). The crown width of A. galpinii ranged from 5.86 ± 0.24 m at high density to 6.56 ± 0.25 m in low-density plots. The difference in crown width among densities was significant (p = 0.0406). Diameter at breast height ranged between 10.4 ± 0.68 cm at high density to 12.5 ± 0.64 cm in low-density plantings and was significantly different among spacings (p = 0.0003). Copyright © NISC Pty Ltd.	Acacia galpinii; Faidherbia albida; Indigenous trees	Acacia; Acacia galpinii; Faidherbia albida	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79953067235	Evaluation of the effective baking conditions for grade 3 Nigerian acacia species bonded foundry sand cores	Ademoh N.A., Abdullahi A.T.	2010	Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology	2	6	None	Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nigerian Defence Academy, P.M.B 2109, Kaduna, Nigeria; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria	Ademoh, N.A., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nigerian Defence Academy, P.M.B 2109, Kaduna, Nigeria; Abdullahi, A.T., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria	The most effective economical baking conditions were determined for foundry cores bonded with the grade 3 Nigerian acacia species exudates. Silica sand base cores bonded with the material were oven baked at temperatures ranging from 160 to 250°C for varying periods oven cooled and then subjected to tensile strength tests to ascertain the best baking conditions for different alloy castings. The experimental core specimens were in accordance with foundry test standard, shaped like figure number eight. They were tested with standard universal strength machine equipped with attachment for gripping the cores and an instantaneous meter from which the test values were read. The result were compared with established standard foundry core property table which showed that the class Viron/steel cores are best made with 3% acacia bonded silica sand baked at 160°C for 1 h. For magnesium cores, sand bonded with 4.5% acacia baked at 160°C for 1-2 h was optimum. For class IV iron/steel cores 4.5% acacia bonded sand baked at 180°C for 1 hour was optimal. Sand bonded with 4.5% grade 3 acacia baked at 200°C for 1.0-2.0 h was optimum for copper, aluminium, classes II and III iron/steel cores. Sand bonded with 8.0-13.0% grade 3 N igerian acacia species baked at 200°C for 1.5-2 h was found most effective for class I iron and steel cores. © Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2010.	Acacia grade 3; Baking; Cores; Oven; Temperature	Acacia grade 3; Acacia species; Alloy castings; Baking; Bonded silica; Class I; Cores; Iron and steel; Nigerians; Test standards; Foundry practice; Iron; Magnesium; Magnesium castings; Ovens; Silica; Silica sand; Standards; Stoves; Tensile strength; Foundry sand	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-20144371727	Impact of Eucalyptus camaldulensis plantation on an alluvial soil in south eastern Botswana	Aweto A.O., Moleele N.M.	2005	International Journal of Environmental Studies	62	2	10.1080/0020723042000275141	Department of Geography, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Environmental Science, University of Botswana, Private Bag 0022, Gaborone, Botswana	Aweto, A.O., Department of Geography, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Moleele, N.M., Department of Environmental Science, University of Botswana, Private Bag 0022, Gaborone, Botswana	This paper examines the impact of a 33-year plantation of Eucalyptus camaldulensis on an alluvial soil in Gaborone, south eastern Botswana, by comparing the soil under the plantation with similar soil under an adjoining native savanna woodland dominated by Acacia karoo. Soil clay content was significantly higher in the plantation soil in both the 0-10cm and 10-20cm layers. There were no significant differences between soil under the two ecosystems with respect to the levels of organic matter, exchangeable potassium and available phosphorus. Despite the higher clay contents of the plantation soil, exchangeable calcium and magnesium and pH were higher in soil under the native woodland. This suggests that E. camaldulensis immobilizes soil nutrients faster and that plantation nutrient cycles are less efficient than in the native Acacia woodland. Consequently, soil nutrient deficiency will limit plantation productivity after the first few rotations. It is important to adopt tree harvesting techniques that reduce drain on soil nutrients at the end of a plantation rotation. © 2005 Taylor & Francis Group Ltd.	Acacia karoo; Botswana; Eucalyptus camaldulensis; Savanna; Soil nutrients	Clay; Ecosystems; Hardwoods; Harvesting; Phosphorus; Alluvial soil; Organic matters; Soil nutrient; Woodlands; Soils; Clay; Ecosystems; Eucalyptus; Harvesting; Phosphorus; Soil; Acacia; Eucalyptus camaldulensis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33745014769	Long-term impacts of goat browsing on bush-clump dynamics in a semi-arid subtropical savanna	Hester A.J., Scogings P.F., Trollope W.S.W.	2006	Plant Ecology	183	2	10.1007/s11258-005-9039-6	Macaulay Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, United Kingdom; Department of Agriculture, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, 3886, South Africa; Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa	Hester, A.J., Macaulay Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, United Kingdom, Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa; Scogings, P.F., Department of Agriculture, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, 3886, South Africa, Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa; Trollope, W.S.W., Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa	The effects of 16 years of continuous browsing by goats in a South African savanna at stocking rates intended for bush control were compared with plots unbrowsed for the same period of time. Differences in bush-clump density, structure and species composition were recorded. Bush-clump density did not differ between browsed and unbrowsed plots. Within individual bush-clumps, browsing was shown to impact more on structure than species composition, with smaller, shorter bush-clumps, containing fewer species but much greater stem-densities. Although species presence/absence was little affected by browsing, many species showed differences in abundance, growth and location within browsed and unbrowsed bush-clumps. Species reduced in abundance in browsed plots included Cussonia spicata, Ehretia rigida, Grewia occidentalis, Jasminum angulare and Senecio linifolius. Several species showed reduced growth in browsed plots, particularly those located at bush-clump edges. The relatively unpreferred Aloe ferox was a notable exception. Although browsing had little effect on the composition of the main clump founding species, emergents or late arrivals, there were twice as many single plants in browsed plots and emergence of several species was restricted to the middle of bush-clumps. Comparison of our findings with aerial photographic evidence and other literature suggest that browsing alone is unlikely to significantly reduce scrub cover, although it can clearly control further expansion. Combinations of fire and browsing, rather than one factor alone, are considered likely to act fastest and most effectively to significantly reduce or remove scrub cover altogether. © Springer 2005.	Acacia karroo; Biological control; Species richness; Succession	aerial photograph; biological control; browsing; feeding behavior; goat; savanna; semiarid region; shrub; species richness; stocking density; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Aloe; Aloe ferox; Capra hircus; Cussonia spicata; Ehretia rigida; Grewia; Grewia occidentalis; Jasminum; Senecio	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-58849119153	Effects of dietary energy level and tanniferous Acacia karroo leaf meal level of supplementation at finisher stage on performance and carcass characteristics of ross 308 broiler chickens in South Africa	Ng'ambi J.W., Nakalebe P.M., Norris D., Malatje M.S., Mbajiorgu C.A.	2009	International Journal of Poultry Science	8	1	None	Department of Animal Production, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X 1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa	Ng'ambi, J.W., Department of Animal Production, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X 1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa; Nakalebe, P.M., Department of Animal Production, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X 1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa; Norris, D., Department of Animal Production, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X 1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa; Malatje, M.S., Department of Animal Production, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X 1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa; Mbajiorgu, C.A., Department of Animal Production, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X 1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa	The study was conducted to determine the effect of dietary energy level and tanniniferous Acacia karroo leaf meal level of supplementation at finisher stage on performance and carcass characteristics of male and female Ross 308 broiler chickens. Three hundred and sixty, 21 days old male and female broiler chickens were assigned to twelve treatments with three replications of ten birds in a 2 (sex) x 3 (dietary energy level) x 3 (tanniniferous Acacia karroo leaf meal level) factorial, complete randomized design. Supplementation with Acacia karroo leaf meal had no effect on diet intake, digestibility and live weight of broiler chickens. However, supplementation with 9 and 12 g of Acacia karroo leaf meal per kg DM feed reduced fat pad weights in male broiler chickens by 26 and 29% points, respectively. Similarly, supplementation with 9 and 12 g of Acacia karroo leaf meal per kg DM feed reduced fat pad weights in female chickens by 26% points. These reductions were achieved without any significant reduction in feed intake and digestibility. However, the physiological explanation for this effect is not clear and it, thus, merits further investigation. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2009.	Acacia karroo; Digestibility; Fat pad; Nitrogen retention; Ross 308 broiler chickens	Acacia; Acacia karroo; Aves; Gallus gallus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84947486022	Temporal changes in the impacts on plant communities of an invasive alien tree, Acacia longifolia	Marchante H., Marchante E., Freitas H., Hoffmann J.H.	2015	Plant Ecology	216	11	10.1007/s11258-015-0530-4	Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, Escola Superior Agrária de Coimbra, Bencanta, Coimbra, Portugal; Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa	Marchante, H., Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, Escola Superior Agrária de Coimbra, Bencanta, Coimbra, Portugal, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, Coimbra, Portugal; Marchante, E., Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, Coimbra, Portugal; Freitas, H., Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, Coimbra, Portugal; Hoffmann, J.H., Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa	Studies on the impacts of invasive plants are common but most are short term and fail to consider the temporal context of invasion. The present work investigated particular invasions on two different time scales and asked: (1) Do the impacts of an invasive tree on plant communities change after decades of invasion? (2) Are patterns of impacts dynamic over a period of five years? (3) Can multiple parameters reveal impacts that are unnoticed when single-value parameters are measured alone? Contrasting plant communities (long invaded, recently invaded and non-invaded) of a Portuguese coastal dune were compared during a 5-year period to assess the impacts of the invasive Acacia longifolia. Plant diversity, richness, cover, plant traits, indicator species analysis, similarity between areas and species turnover were analysed to reveal spatial and temporal patterns of change. Native species richness declined in both invaded areas. As invasion time increased, species shared with natural habitats decreased along with native plant cover, diversity and species turnover. Many species typical of dunes were replaced by generalists and exotics species, and richness of species with some level of nitrophily increased, particularly in recently invaded areas. Life form spectrum was radically transformed in invaded areas with several small-sized life forms being replaced by one single microphanerophyte. Germination of A. longifolia was greatest in long invaded areas. Findings show that modification of plant communities intensifies with invasion time and that invasion promotes a diversity of structural and functional changes which are dynamic over a few years (medium-term scale) but which tend to stabilize after several decades (long-term scale). An analysis of parameters in combination revealed changes that were not apparent when the same parameters were considered separately. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Acacia longifolia; Coastal ecosystems; Indicator species analysis; Invasion chronology; Long-term impacts; Medium-term impacts; Plant traits; Species turn over	biological invasion; chronology; coastal zone; community dynamics; ecological impact; invasive species; legume; long-term change; plant community; spatiotemporal analysis; subtropical region; turnover; Portugal; Acacia longifolia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80051928744	Therapeutic evaluation of Acacia nilotica (Linn) stem bark extract in experimental African trypanosomiasis	Ogbadoyi E.O., Garba M.H., Kabiru A.Y., Mann A., Okogun J.I.	2011	International Journal of Applied Research in Natural Products	4	2	None	Global Institute for Bioexploration, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria; Department of Animal production Technology, Federal College of Wildlife Management, New Bussa, Niger State, Nigeria; Science Laboratory Technology Department, Federal P	Ogbadoyi, E.O., Global Institute for Bioexploration, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria; Garba, M.H., Global Institute for Bioexploration, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria, Department of Animal production Technology, Federal College of Wildlife Management, New Bussa, Niger State, Nigeria; Kabiru, A.Y., Global Institute for Bioexploration, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria; Mann, A., Science Laboratory Technology Department, Federal Polytechnic, Bida, Niger State, Nigeria; Okogun, J.I., Department of Traditional Medicine and Medicinal Plants Research, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abuja, Nigeria	Chemotherapy of African trypanosomiasis still remains far from being satisfactory, being severely limited by a number of factors including unacceptable toxicity, increasing parasite resistance, high cost and unavailability. There is an urgent need for therapeutic agents that are effective, affordable and accessible to the rural poor in Africa who bear most of the disease burden. The objective of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of Acacia nilotica in experimental Trypanosoma brucei brucei infection in mice. Methanol extract of stem bark of the plant was investigated for its therapeutic effects in experimental African trypanosomiasis. Acute toxicity studies were also conducted. Crude extract of 70% v/v (Methanol/Water) at a dose of 400mg kg-1 body weight per day completely cured the experimental T.b. brucei infection in mice, while doses of 50, 100, 200, 300, and 400mgkg-1 body weight per day of the partially purified extract completely cured the experimental infection in mice within two days. Sub inoculation of blood and cerebrospinal fluid drawn from the cured mice into healthy mice failed to produce any infection within 28 days of post inoculation. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of carbohydrates, saponin, tannin and cardiac glycoside. LD50 of the partially purified extract was found to be 2000mg/kg body weight, the extract being acutely toxic at a dose of 1600mgkg-1 body weight. It is concluded that methanol extract of stem bark of A. nilotica cures experimental T. b. brucei infection in mice. The findings in this study provide very useful clue for biopharmaceutical industries and drug manufacturers for the development of phytotherapeutic agents from this plant, not only for therapeutic intervention in the control of African trypanosomiasis but also for the treatment of cancer. This is because of the strong link between Chemotherapy of human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) and cancer chemotherapy as every drug currently used for the treatment of sleeping sickness has some form of anticancer activity. Moreover, the plant is used in folk medicine for the treatment of cancer. The potential is also very high for the manufacture of highly efficacious drugs for the treatment of sleeping sickness and/or cancer through synthetic modification of isolated bioactive phytoconstituents from this plant. The possibility also exists for the development of anti-diabetic drugs from extracts of this plant. © 2011. IJARNP-HS Publications.	Acacia nilotica; Chemotherapy; Trypanosoma; Trypanosomiasis	Acacia nilotica; Mus; Trypanosoma; Trypanosoma brucei brucei	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-39749160280	Effect of polyethylene glycol 4000 supplementation on the performance of indigenous Pedi goats fed different levels of Acacia nilotica leaf meal and ad libitum Buffalo grass hay	Motubatse M.R., Ng'ambi J.W., Norris D., Malatje M.M.	2008	Tropical Animal Health and Production	40	3	10.1007/s11250-007-9086-1	Dept. of Animal Production, University of Limpopo, P Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa	Motubatse, M.R., Dept. of Animal Production, University of Limpopo, P Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa; Ng'ambi, J.W., Dept. of Animal Production, University of Limpopo, P Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa; Norris, D., Dept. of Animal Production, University of Limpopo, P Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa; Malatje, M.M., Dept. of Animal Production, University of Limpopo, P Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa	In a first of two experiments, twenty yearling male Pedi goats weighing 21.3±0.5 kg live weight were used in a 37-day study in a 2 (levels of PEG 4000) × 2 (levels of Acacia) Factorial arrangement in a Completely Randomised Design to determine the effect of the level of Acacia nilotica leaf meal supplementation plus 23 g polyethylene glycol 4000 on diet intake and digestibility, and growth rate of Pedi goats fed ad libitum Buffalo grass hay. Acacia nilotica leaf meal contained high amounts of total phenolics (2.04 % DM) and low amounts of condensed tannins; both extracted (0.37 % DM) and unextracted (1.83 % DM). Supplementation with PEG 4000 increased (P<0.05) crude protein intake as the level of Acacia nilotica leaf meal increased from 80 to 120 g. Similarly, treatment with PEG 4000 improved (P<0.05) DM, OM and CP digestibilities when compared to 80 g Acacia nilotica leaf meal. Supplementation with PEG 4000 resulted in an increase (P<0.05) in blood urea concentrations. Polyethylene glycol 4000 has the potential to improve the feeding value of A. nilotica leaf meal and can, therefore, be used in the feeding systems for ruminant animals. The second experiment determined the effect of A. nilotica leaf meal supplementation on in vitro digestibility of the diets similar to the actual ratios of the first experiment. Level of A. nilotica leaf meal supplementation plus 23 g PEG 4000 supplementation improved (P<0.05) in vitro DM, OM and CP digestibilities where 120 g A. nilotica leaf meal was supplemented. Similarly, 23 g PEG 4000 supplementation also improved (P<0.05) in vitro CP digestibility where 80 g A. nilotica leaf meal was supplemented. In vivo DM and OM digestibilities were best predicted from in vitro DM and OM digestibilities while in vivo CP was explained by in vitro OM and CP digestibilities. It is, therefore, concluded that in vitro DM and OM digestibilities have good capacity to predict in vivo DM and OM digestibilities while OM and CP digestibilities have good capacity to predict in vivo CP digestibility. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Acacia nilotica; Goats; Polyethylene glycol; Tannins	macrogol derivative; tannin derivative; Acacia; animal; animal food; article; crossover procedure; diet supplementation; digestion; dose response; duodenum; goat; growth, development and aging; male; metabolism; nutritional value; physiology; plant leaf; Poaceae; randomization; ruminant stomach; weight gain; Acacia; Animal Feed; Animal Nutrition Physiology; Animals; Cross-Over Studies; Dietary Supplements; Digestion; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Duodenum; Goats; Male; Nutritive Value; Plant Leaves; Poaceae; Polyethylene Glycols; Random Allocation; Rumen; Tannins; Weight Gain; Acacia; Acacia nilotica; Animalia; Bovidae; Capra hircus; Urochloa mutica	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84865291371	Can floral traits predict an invasive plant's impact on native plant-pollinator communities?	Gibson M.R., Richardson D.M., Pauw A.	2012	Journal of Ecology	100	5	10.1111/j.1365-2745.2012.02004.x	Department of Botany and Zoology, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, 7602, Matieland, South Africa; Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, 7602, Matieland, South Africa	Gibson, M.R., Department of Botany and Zoology, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, 7602, Matieland, South Africa; Richardson, D.M., Department of Botany and Zoology, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, 7602, Matieland, South Africa; Pauw, A., Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, 7602, Matieland, South Africa	The possession of certain floral traits can determine which insects visit a plant species. If two species possess similar floral traits that determine shared flower visitors, floral traits can be said to mediate plant-plant interactions. Such indirect interactions are important for understanding fundamental relationships of plant communities, such as competition and facilitation but thus far have only been tested within a native community context. We test whether floral-trait similarity can be used to predict interactions between an invasive plant and co-occurring native species in South Africa's Cape Floristic Region. We surveyed flower visitation at invaded and uninvaded plots across four sites and correlated floral-trait similarity between invasive and native species with both invasion impact on native flower visitation and flower visitor overlap of natives and the invasive species. Similarity of all traits (categorical and continuous) and categorical traits alone explained invasion impact (flower visitor overlap) between the native and invasive species. The majority of flower visitor overlap was attributed to the native honeybee Apis mellifera subsp. capensis. This study is the first to show that floral traits can be used to predict novel plant-plant interactions, even amongst ecologically generalized flower visitors and plants and to predict potential impacts of an invasive species on native flowering communities. However, floral traits were not useful for predicting changes in visitation to plant species. Synthesis. Results advance our understanding of the role of plant traits in ecological communities and reveal that they are important in mediating not only plant-pollinator interactions but also plant-plant interactions. Our findings also shed light on invasive-native plant interactions via pollinators and have the potential to predict certain invasion impacts. Results advance our understanding of the role of plant traits in ecological communities and reveal that they are important in mediating not only plant-pollinator interactions but also plant-plant interactions. Our findings also shed light on invasive-native plant interactions via pollinators and have the potential to predict certain invasion impacts. © 2012 British Ecological Society.	Acacia saligna; Biological invasions; Flower morphology; Fynbos; Generalist; Honeybee; Invasion ecology; Plant-insect interactions; Plant-plant interactions; Pollination syndromes	coexistence; community structure; competition (ecology); flower visiting; generalist; honeybee; intraspecific interaction; invasive species; morphology; native species; plant community; plant-pollinator interaction; pollination; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-64549099309	Nitrogen dynamics in land cleared of alien vegetation (Acacia Saligna) and impacts on groundwater at Riverlands nature reserve (Western Cape, South Africa)	Jovanovic N.Z., Israel S., Tredoux G., Soltau L., Le Maitre D., Rusinga F., Rozanov A., van der Merwe N.	2009	Water SA	35	1	None	CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, PO Box 32, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Department of Soil Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Ninham Shand Consulting Service, PO Box 1347, Cape Town 8000, South Africa	Jovanovic, N.Z., CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, PO Box 32, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Israel, S., CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, PO Box 32, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Tredoux, G., CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, PO Box 32, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Soltau, L., CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, PO Box 32, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Le Maitre, D., CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, PO Box 32, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Rusinga, F., CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, PO Box 32, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa, Ninham Shand Consulting Service, PO Box 1347, Cape Town 8000, South Africa; Rozanov, A., Department of Soil Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; van der Merwe, N., Department of Soil Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Woody invading alien plants, many of which are nitrogen-fixing legumes (Fabaceae family), are currently cleared in South African catchments to reduce water loss and preserve streamflow, and for the restoration of the ecosystem. This study tested the hypothesis that clearing invasive alien vegetation may disturb the vegetation-micro-organism-soil N cycling system by producing a large once-off input of fresh tree litterfall rich in N and by eliminating a large N sink. Three experimental plots were established at the Riverlands Nature Reserve (Western Cape, South Africa): a site invaded by Acacia saligna to be used as control; a site cleared of Acacia saligna; and a site with natural vegetation to be used as background. Nitrogen concentrations in soil and groundwater, volumetric soil water contents, root density and weather conditions were measured during 2007. Oxidised forms of nitrogen, in particular NO3-, were dominant in the system. Recharge and leachate were simulated with the HYDRUS-2D model and used as inputs into Visual MODFLOW to predict the spatial distribution of nitrate plus nitrite (NOx) in groundwater. NOx levels in soil and groundwater were higher in alien-invaded areas compared to fynbos-covered land. A quick release of NOx into groundwater was observed due to high residual N reserves in the rooting zone, decreased evapotranspiration and increased recharge in the treatment cleared of alien vegetation. In the long run, high NOx concentrations in groundwater underlying cleared land will last only until all the excess nitrogen has been leached from the soil. A decrease in NOx concentration in groundwater can be expected thereafter. Clearing land of alien invasive legumes may therefore have a beneficial effect by reducing groundwater contamination from NOx and reducing water losses in catchments.	Acacia saligna; Forest clearing; Groundwater contamination; Nitrate leaching; Riverlands nature reserve	Acacia saligna; Forest clearing; Groundwater contamination; Nitrate leaching; Riverlands nature reserve; Catchments; Contamination; Evapotranspiration; Forestry; Groundwater; Groundwater pollution; Hydrogeology; Leaching; Nitrogen; Nitrogen fixation; Runoff; Size distribution; Soil moisture; Underground reservoirs; Underwater soils; Vegetation; Water supply; Water treatment; catchment; concentration (composition); evapotranspiration; forest clearance; groundwater flow; groundwater pollution; hydrogeochemistry; hydrological modeling; hypothesis testing; introduced species; leachate; leaching; legume; nitrogen cycle; nitrogen fixation; nitrogen oxides; pollution control; recharge; restoration ecology; soil nitrogen; soil water; streamflow; Forestry; Geology; Ground Water; Land; Leaching; Natural Resources; Nitrate Groups; Nitrogen; Pollution; Reserves; Rivers; Soil Analysis; Transpiration; Water Quality; Water Treatment; Africa; Riverlands Provincial Nature Reserve; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Western Cape; Acacia; Acacia saligna; Fabaceae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78951483932	Performance of Acacia senegal (L.) Willd Provenances in Dryland Savannah of Niger	Larwanou M., Raebild A., Issa R., Kjæer E.D.	2010	Silvae Genetica	59	5	None	Université Abdou Moumouni, Faculté d'Agronomie, Niamey, Niger; University of Copenhagen, Centre for Forest, Landscape and Planning, Horsholm Kongevej 11, DK-2970 Hersholm, Denmark; African Forest Forum, C/o World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF), United Nations Avenue, Nairobi, Kenya	Larwanou, M., Université Abdou Moumouni, Faculté d'Agronomie, Niamey, Niger, African Forest Forum, C/o World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF), United Nations Avenue, Nairobi, Kenya; Raebild, A., University of Copenhagen, Centre for Forest, Landscape and Planning, Horsholm Kongevej 11, DK-2970 Hersholm, Denmark; Issa, R., Université Abdou Moumouni, Faculté d'Agronomie, Niamey, Niger; Kjæer, E.D., University of Copenhagen, Centre for Forest, Landscape and Planning, Horsholm Kongevej 11, DK-2970 Hersholm, Denmark	A study was conducted to evaluate the performance of 11 Acacia senegal provenances in Niger, West Africa, grown on 2 different soil types. Among the provenances, 6 are from Niger, 4 from Mali and 1 from Sudan. The assessment was carried out with measurements of growth parameters (survival rate, height, diameter and basal area) as well as gum and fruit production at age 15. The results showed significant differences in growth parameters between soil types and provenances. The provenances from Mali perform best, followed by the local Niger provenances. There were no significant differences in gum and fruit production between provenances, but it cannot be excluded that this was a result of limited power in the test of provenance variation in these traits. Survival of the provenances was correlated to the precipitation and the latitude of the origin, whereas basal area was correlated to latitude, and height was correlated to longitude/altitude at the origin. Recommendations could be made for genetic selection of two Mali provenances if growth is a desired character. We conclude that recommendations in terms of gum and fruit production must be based on a relative high number of sample trees as tree to tree variation within provenances may be large. Acacia Senegal,.	Acacia senegal; Clines; Growth; Gum arabic; Niger; Provenance trial	Clines; Growth; Gum arabic; Niger; Provenance trial; Senegal; Adhesives; Soils; Fruits; Acacia; Acacia senegal	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70350361999	Evaluation of ethiopian plant extracts, Acacia seyal and withania somnifera, to control green mould and ensure quality maintenance of citrus (Citrus sinensis L.)	Mekbib S.B., Regnier T.J.C., Sivakumar D., Korsten L.	2009	Fruits	64	5	10.1051/fruits/2009023	Postharvest Technol. Group, Dep. Microbiol. Plant Pathol., Univ. Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa; Dep. Chem., Tshwane Univ. Technol., PO Box 56208, Arcadia Pretoria 0001, South Africa	Mekbib, S.B., Postharvest Technol. Group, Dep. Microbiol. Plant Pathol., Univ. Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa; Regnier, T.J.C., Postharvest Technol. Group, Dep. Microbiol. Plant Pathol., Univ. Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa, Dep. Chem., Tshwane Univ. Technol., PO Box 56208, Arcadia Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Sivakumar, D., Postharvest Technol. Group, Dep. Microbiol. Plant Pathol., Univ. Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa; Korsten, L., Postharvest Technol. Group, Dep. Microbiol. Plant Pathol., Univ. Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa	Introduction. Green mould, Penicillium digitatum (Pers.: Fr.) Sacc., causes economically important postharvest disease in citrus. Materials and methods. Ethiopian plant extracts of Acacia seyal (Del. Var. Seyal) and Withania somnifera (L.) Dual were used to test the control of green mould in wound-inoculated fruit, stored for 21 d at 7 °C and at > 85% RH. The chemical compositions of the two extracts were determined using high-performance chromatography. Thereafter, freshly harvested (naturally infected) fruit were subjected to different postharvest treatments and stored for 50 d to investigate the effects of the two plant extracts on fruit quality parameters. Treatments included (pre-wax + leaf extracts), (wax + leaf extracts incorporated into wax, Citrosol A(®)), (leaf extract alone), (fruit washed in chlorinated water at 5.25%), (untreated fruit) and (commercially treated fruit). Results. Extracts of A. seyal and W. somnifera reduced the incidence of green mould by 56.1% and 50%, respectively, in wound-inoculated fruit. A. seyal extract contained a high concentration of gallic acid (60.3 mg•mL(-1)) whilst W. somnifera contained low concentrations of caffeic acid (8.7 mg•mL(-1)), salicylic acid (6.3 mg•mL(-1)) and 3,4 dihydroxy benzoic acid (3.8 mg•mL(-1)). Green mould was absent in naturally infected fruit subjected to (pre-wax + leaf extracts), (wax mixed with leaf extracts) and (leaf extracts) treatments. (Pre-wax + leaf extracts) and (wax mixed with leaf extract) treatments significantly reduced weight loss; retained firmness and colour; and they maintained eating qualities and a maturity index (SSC/TA) similar to commercial treatment. Conclusion. Both extracts of A. seyal and W. somnifera showed potential to be used as an alternative in combined applications with wax application under low temperature storage to replace synthetic fungicides, to ultimately control green mould and retain overall fruit quality. © 2009 CIRAD EDP Sciences.	Acacia seyal; Biological control; Citrus sinensis; Disease control; Fruits; Moulds; Penicillium digitatum; Plant extracts; Quality; South Africa; Withania somnifera	Acacia; Acacia seyal; Citrus; Citrus sinensis; Penicillium digitatum; Withania somnifera	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84864028338	The indirect impact of encroaching trees on gully extension: A 64year study in a sub-humid grassland of South Africa	Grellier S., Kemp J., Janeau J.-L., Florsch N., Ward D., Barot S., Podwojewski P., Lorentz S., Valentin C.	2012	Catena	98	None	10.1016/j.catena.2012.07.002	IRD-BIOEMCO c/o School of Bioresources Engineering and Environmental Hydrology (BEEH), Rabie Saunders Building, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Box X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Stellenbosch, Private. Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; UMMISCO, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France; School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, John Bews Building, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; IRD-BIOEMCO, Site Ecole Normale Supérieure, 46 rue d'Ulm, 75230 Paris cedex 05, France; School of Bioresources Engineering and Environmental Hydrology (BEEH), Rabie Saunders Building, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Box X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; IRD-BIOEMCO, 32 av. H. Varagnat, 93143 Bondy cedex, France	Grellier, S., IRD-BIOEMCO c/o School of Bioresources Engineering and Environmental Hydrology (BEEH), Rabie Saunders Building, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Box X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Kemp, J., Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Stellenbosch, Private. Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Janeau, J.-L., IRD-BIOEMCO c/o School of Bioresources Engineering and Environmental Hydrology (BEEH), Rabie Saunders Building, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Box X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Florsch, N., UMMISCO, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France; Ward, D., School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, John Bews Building, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Barot, S., IRD-BIOEMCO, Site Ecole Normale Supérieure, 46 rue d'Ulm, 75230 Paris cedex 05, France; Podwojewski, P., IRD-BIOEMCO c/o School of Bioresources Engineering and Environmental Hydrology (BEEH), Rabie Saunders Building, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Box X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Lorentz, S., School of Bioresources Engineering and Environmental Hydrology (BEEH), Rabie Saunders Building, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Box X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Valentin, C., IRD-BIOEMCO, 32 av. H. Varagnat, 93143 Bondy cedex, France	Gully erosion and woody plant encroachment are frequently observed in grasslands worldwide. Gully erosion driven by water processes is usually affected by topography, land-use change and vegetation cover. We hypothesised that trees, through their potential link with overland and subsurface flow, may have an impact on gully extension. However, very few studies have simultaneously considered tree encroachment and gullies. We used aerial photographs to study Acacia sieberiana encroachment and gully erosion in a South African grassland (KwaZulu-Natal Province) for a period lasting 64years. At the catchment scale, results showed that acacias started invading after 1976 and transformed the grassland into a savanna with 9.45% of tree cover in 2009. Gully area increased by 3.9% in the last 64years and represented 12.76% of catchment area in 2009. Mean estimated sediment loss was 200Mgha -1 of gully y -1, indicating a high erosion rate mainly due to the collapse of gully banks after swelling and shrinking. Volumetric retreat rate (V) of 15 gully heads was correlated with drainage area (Drain.A) by a power function explaining 64% of the variance: V=0.02*Drain.A 0.83. A positive correlation between gully retreat rate and Acacia canopy area was measured between 2001 and 2009 when established tree encroachment was observed. These results, associated with the susceptibility of this soil to subsurface flow and the observation of pipe erosion systems in the field, showed that both surface and subsurface processes occur in this sub-humid grassland and that trees can be indirectly associated with increased gully erosion. © 2012 Elsevier B.V..	Acacia sieberiana; Aerial photographs; Erosion; Gully threshold; Soil piping; Subsurface	aerial photograph; erosion rate; grassland; gully erosion; humid environment; land use change; legume; subsurface flow; threshold; topographic effect; vegetation cover; vegetation dynamics; woody plant; KwaZulu-Natal; South Africa; Acacia; Acacia sieberiana	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84947998995	Growth performance and nutrition-related serum metabolites in growing pigs fed on Acacia Tortilis leaf meal	Ndou S.P., Khanyile M., Chimonyo M.	2015	Livestock Science	182	None	10.1016/j.livsci.2015.10.003	Animal and Poultry Science, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada	Ndou, S.P., Animal and Poultry Science, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Khanyile, M., Animal and Poultry Science, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Chimonyo, M., Animal and Poultry Science, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa	The objective of the study was to determine the response in metabolites and growth performance in growing pigs fed on Acacia tortilis leaf meal-based diets using a dose-response trial. Forty-eight male hybrid pigs (28.5±2.18. kg BW) were individually penned and assigned in a complete randomized design to six experimental diets containing 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150. g/kg DM of A. tortilis leaf meal. Pigs were bled once after three weeks for biochemical analyses. An increase in A. tortilis resulted in quadratic reductions in ADFI (P<0.0001) and ADG (P<0.05), and linear decreases in G:F (P<0.001). Serum iron, cholesterol and total protein initially increased, and then started decreasing with incremental levels of A. tortilis. There was a quadratic increase in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (P<0.001) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (P<0.01) and a linear increase (P<0.001) in alkaline phosphatases (ALP) observed as A. tortilis inclusion increased. Using the broken-stick model, the optimum levels of leaf meals marking break points at which threshold values of ADG, serum iron, serum cholesterol and total protein occurred when A. tortilis was included at 64.8, 60.0, 87.1 and 63.2. g/kg DM, respectively. In conclusion, growth performance, serum iron and total proteins are reliable indicators of optimum inclusion levels of leaf meals in pigs. © 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V.	Acacia tortilis; Blood metabolites; Growing pigs; Optimum inclusion levels; Tannins	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84906943697	Influence of Acacia tortilis leaf meal-based diets on growth performance of pigs	Khanyile M., Ndou S.P., Chimonyo M.	2014	Livestock Science	167	1	10.1016/j.livsci.2014.04.016	Animal and Poultry Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. Bag X01 Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa	Khanyile, M., Animal and Poultry Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. Bag X01 Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Ndou, S.P., Animal and Poultry Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. Bag X01 Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Chimonyo, M., Animal and Poultry Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. Bag X01 Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa	The objectives of the study were to assess nutritive value of Acacia leaf meals and to determine the optimum inclusion level of Acacia tortilis leaf meal in finishing pigs. Five dominant leguminous leaf meals namely, Acacia tortilis, Acacia robusta, Acacia nilotica, Acacia nigrescens and Acacia xanthophloea, were individually hand-harvested and analyzed for their chemical and physical properties. Although the crude protein content of A. xanthophloea and A. tortilis were similar, the latter was incorporated into the experimental diets as it had the lowest water holding capacity, swelling capacity and moderate levels of condensed tannins. A. tortilis was also the most abundant in the locality. Thirty finishing male F1 hybrid (Landrace×Large White) pigs with an initial weight of 60.6 (s.d.=0.94)kg were randomly allotted to six diets containing 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250g/kg DM inclusion levels of A. tortilis leaf meal. Each diet was offered ad libitum to five pigs in individual pens for 21 days. Average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG) and gain:feed (G:F) ratio was measured every week. There was an increase in both ADFI and ADG (P&lt;0.001) as A. tortilis leaf meal increased, before they started to decrease. An increase in A. tortilis leaf meal levels in the diets caused a quadratic decrease (P&lt;0.01) in the G:F ratio. The change of ADFI, ADG and G:F ratio during each week of successive feeding decreased (P&lt;0.05) with incremental levels of A. tortilis in the diets. Using piecewise regression (broken-stick analyses), it was observed that A. tortilis leaf meal can be included up to 129g/kg DM in finishing pig feeds, without negatively affecting G:F ratio. The ability with which pigs utilize leaf meal-based diets improves with duration of exposure to such diets. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.	Acacia tortilis; Condensed tannins; Feed intake; Pig performance	Acacia; Acacia nigrescens; Acacia nilotica; Acacia robusta; Acacia tortilis; Acacia xanthophloea; Suidae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-28944431793	The effect of supplementing Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) hay with Acacia tortilis leaves and pods mixture on intake, digestibility and growth performance of goats	Abdulrazak S.A., Njuguna E.G., Karau P.K.	2005	Livestock Research for Rural Development	17	12	None	Department of Animal Science, Egerton University, P.O Box 536, Njoro, Kenya; Egerton University, Division of Research and Extension, P. O. Box 536, Njoro, Kenya	Abdulrazak, S.A., Department of Animal Science, Egerton University, P.O Box 536, Njoro, Kenya, Egerton University, Division of Research and Extension, P. O. Box 536, Njoro, Kenya; Njuguna, E.G., Department of Animal Science, Egerton University, P.O Box 536, Njoro, Kenya; Karau, P.K., Department of Animal Science, Egerton University, P.O Box 536, Njoro, Kenya	An experiment was conducted for 63 days to examine the effects of supplementation of Rhodes grass hay (H) with mixtures of leaves and pods of Acacia tortilis on intake, digestion and growth performance of Small East African goats (SEAG). Twenty four SEAG of 18±4 kg BW, 9months old were assigned to six diets including ad libitum Rhodes grass hay alone (H) or H supplemented with various proportions of pods, leaves and mixture of the two as follows; 19 g DM/kg W0.75 pods (P), 19 g DM/kgW0.75 leaves (L), 9.5:9.5 g DM/kg W0.75 pods +leaves (PL), 14:5 g DM/kg W 0.75 pods +leaves (PPL) or 5:14 g DM/kg W0.75 pods +leaves (PLL). The diets were allocated to the goats in a completely randomised design, with 4 goats per treatment. Dry matter intake, digestibility, nitrogen retention and live weight gains were all increased by supplementation. There was an indication of a better response in intake and weight gains when the hay was supplemented with equal proportion (9.5 g DM/kg W0.75) of pods and the leaves. It is concluded that mixtures of pods and leaves give more benefits than when either is offered singly to goats fed a basal diet of grass hay.	Acacia tortilis; Goats; Intake; Leaves; Live weight; Pods; Tree mixture	Acacia; Acacia tortilis; Capra hircus; Chloris gayana	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84874704926	Ecological impact of Prosopis species invasion in Turkwel riverine forest, Kenya	Muturi G.M., Poorter L., Mohren G.M.J., Kigomo B.N.	2013	Journal of Arid Environments	92	None	10.1016/j.jaridenv.2013.01.010	Kenya Forestry Research Institute, P. O. Box 20412, 00200 Nairobi, Kenya; Forest Ecology and Management Group, Wageningen University, P. O. Box 47, AA Wageningen, Netherlands	Muturi, G.M., Kenya Forestry Research Institute, P. O. Box 20412, 00200 Nairobi, Kenya, Forest Ecology and Management Group, Wageningen University, P. O. Box 47, AA Wageningen, Netherlands; Poorter, L., Forest Ecology and Management Group, Wageningen University, P. O. Box 47, AA Wageningen, Netherlands; Mohren, G.M.J., Forest Ecology and Management Group, Wageningen University, P. O. Box 47, AA Wageningen, Netherlands; Kigomo, B.N., Kenya Forestry Research Institute, P. O. Box 20412, 00200 Nairobi, Kenya	The impact of Prosopis species invasion in the Turkwel riverine forest in Kenya was investigated under three contrasting: Acacia, Prosopis and Mixed species (Acacia and Prosopis) canopies. Variation amongst canopies was assessed through soil nutrients and physical properties, tree characteristics and canopy closure. Invasion impact was evaluated by comparing herbaceous species cover and diversity, and occurrence of indigenous tree seedlings. Soil characteristics under Prosopis and Mixed species canopies were similar except in pH and calcium content, and had lower silt and carbon contents than soil under Acacia canopy. Tree density was higher under Prosopis intermediate under Mixed and lower under Acacia canopies. Prosopis trees had lower diameters than Acacia tortilis trees. Diameter classes' distribution in Mixed species canopy revealed invasion of Prosopis into mature A. tortilis stands. Herbaceous species cover and diversity were negatively correlated to Prosopis tree density; thus explaining the lower herbaceous species cover and diversity under Prosopis than under Acacia and Mixed species canopies. The study suggests a gradual conversion of herbaceous rich A. tortilis woodland to herbaceous poor Prosopis species woodland or thickets, through indiscriminate Prosopis invasion. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.	Acacia tortilis; Herbaceous species cover; Herbs diversity; Soil nutrients	biological invasion; ecological impact; forest canopy; herb; legume; soil nutrient; species diversity; woodland; Kenya	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-30844473299	The impact of ICT (internet) on research and studies: The experience of Delta State University Students in Abraka, Nigeria	Adogbeji O.B., Akporhonor B.A.	2005	Library Hi Tech News	22	10	10.1108/07419050510644347	Department of Library and Information Science, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria; Delta State University Library, Abraka, Nigeria	Adogbeji, O.B., Department of Library and Information Science, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria; Akporhonor, B.A., Delta State University Library, Abraka, Nigeria	Purpose - This study seeks to explore how students are increasingly using the Internet to support instruction and research needs in addition to heavy e-mail usage. The extension of this research suggests more positive impact from the Internet in almost every aspect of academic life and suggests the need for more access at reduced costs on and near this campus. Design/methodology/approach - A questionnaire was used to survey a sample of students about their internet practices. Findings - Students are now coming to university with more background in technology and the role of the internet and other ICTs. The demand for internet service will continue to grow and how the university should respond to meet this greater demand is the focus of this research. Orig inality/value - Study suggests that the impact of the ICTs and internet service for e-mail and other research activities related to the role of studying suggests that access is a key problem that must be scaled better so that students and faculty have improved access. This situation should continue to be monitored and the study suggests that more and more university affiliates will need improved access to internet resources. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Academic	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84903301767	Predictors of academic performance of seminarians in Catholic Major Seminaries in the South-West Region of Nigeria	Adubale A.A., Aluede O.	2014	British Journal of Guidance and Counselling	42	4	10.1080/03069885.2014.886671	Department of Educational Psychology and Curriculum Studies, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Department of Guidance and Counselling, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria	Adubale, A.A., Department of Educational Psychology and Curriculum Studies, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Aluede, O., Department of Guidance and Counselling, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria	This study investigated predictors of seminarians' academic performance. The study employed a correlational research design. Two hundred and thirty two seminarians constituted the sample for the study. Bakare's modified version of student problem inventory was used to collect the data of the study. The findings indicated that time management and lack of concentration significantly predicted the academic performance of seminarians. Based on the findings, the study recommended intervention programmes, such as workshop on techniques of managing external distractions and unresolved personal crises that interfere with the seminarians' concentration level and workshop on time management skills; and that counselling units should be established in the Catholic Major Seminaries in the South-West Region of Nigeria since there is none at the moment. © 2014 Taylor & Francis.	academic achievement; academic success; Catholic Church; Catholic Seminarians; counsellor education programme; school success	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84902148090	Performance management: The neglected imperative of accountability systems in education	Mosoge M.J., Pilane M.W.	2014	South African Journal of Education	34	1	None	School of Education, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, South Africa	Mosoge, M.J., School of Education, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, South Africa; Pilane, M.W., School of Education, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, South Africa	The first aim of this paper is to clarify the concept "performance management" as an aspect of the Integrated Quality Management System (IQMS). The second is to report on an exploration into the experiences and perceptions of management teams in the implementation of performance management. As part of the qualitative research design, the individual interview was selected for use in this research. Fifteen participants drawn randomly from 24 schools were interviewed. The findings revealed the weakness of integrating development with appraisal since it leads to the neglect of development in favour of appraisal which is linked to incentives. A lack of knowledge and expertise on the IQMS processes such as mentoring, coaching, and monitoring was found to hamper the zeal to implement performance management. Teachers, as co-developers of education policy on the ground, act as a driving force behind the actualisation of transformation in education. The development of teachers is therefore crucial in an education system that is in the grips of transformation.	Academic achievement; Assessment; Development; Evaluation; Management; Performance; Performance management; School management teams; Training	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955417672	The impact of parenthood and birth order on the academic achievement of pupils in Abeokuta South Local Government Area, Ogun State, Nigeria	Edun T., Oguntola S.	2011	European Journal of Social Sciences	20	4	None	Department of Educational, Foundations and Management Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria; Department of Sociological Studies, Tai Solarin University of Education, Ijagun, Nigeria	Edun, T., Department of Educational, Foundations and Management Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria; Oguntola, S., Department of Sociological Studies, Tai Solarin University of Education, Ijagun, Nigeria	The study sought to determine the impact of parenthood and birth order on the academic achievement of primary school pupils in Abeokuta South Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria. The sample consisted of 250 primary six pupils selected through a stratified random sampling technique from five primary schools in the Local Government Area. Data were collected through a Demographic Questionnaire and an Achievement Test. Descriptive Statistics and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were used to analyse collected data. Findings revealed that there was no significant difference in the academic achievement of pupils with both parents, single parents and no parents (Fc2,228= 1.135, P>0.05), just as there was no significant difference in the academic achievement of 'first borns' 'middle borns' and 'last borns' (Fc2,229= 1.715, P>0.05). The findings were consistent with similar findings in Africa and developing nations generally that school factors were far more important than family factors in determining school achievement. The implications of these findings for the school and the family, and the interventions required were discussed.	Academic achievement; Birth order; Parenthood; Primary school pupils	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-82255177066	Relationship between physical fitness and academic performance in South African children	du Toit D., Pienaar A.E., Truter L.	2011	South African Journal for Research in Sport, Physical Education and Recreation	33	3	None	Faculty of Education, Potchefstroom Campus North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2530, South Africa; Faculty of Health Sciences, Potchefstroom Campus NorthWest University, Potchefstroom, South Africa	du Toit, D., Faculty of Education, Potchefstroom Campus North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2530, South Africa; Pienaar, A.E., Faculty of Health Sciences, Potchefstroom Campus NorthWest University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Truter, L., Faculty of Health Sciences, Potchefstroom Campus NorthWest University, Potchefstroom, South Africa	The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between physical fitness and academic achievement in an urban South African group of primary school children. A one-way cross-sectional design was used to assess physical fitness of children 9 to12 years (N=212) by means of the Fitnessgram, the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency II, percentage body fat and Body Mass Index (BMI). Average end-of-the-year academic marks served as measurement of academic achievement. Relationships between the variables were determined by Spearman correlation coefficients and effect sizes, and a stepwise discriminant analysis. The results show a significant correlation between total strength scores and academic performance in the total group and between several fitness variables and academic performance in the female group. Significant correlations were found between specific strength tests and academic performance among older boys (12 years) and older girls (11 & 12 years). Several fitness parameters discriminated between high and low academic achievers. A positive relationship between physical fitness components and academic achievement was found with more significant correlations among girls than boys, as well as among older boys and girls.	Academic achievement; Children; Obesity; Physical fitness	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84927726983	Impact of gender stereotype on secondary school students’ self-concept and academic achievement	Igbo J.N., Onu V.C., Obiyo N.O.	2015	SAGE Open	5	1	10.1177/2158244015573934	University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Igbo, J.N., University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Onu, V.C., University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Obiyo, N.O., University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of gender stereotype as a predictor of secondary school students' selfconcept and academic achievement. The study was guided by four purposes, four research questions, and four hypotheses. The study adopted ex post facto design. The research sample was drawn from eight government/public senior secondary schools in Udi education zone. Nine schools were randomly selected from the 227 schools. A total of 342 senior secondary II school (SSII) students made up the sample of the study. A 20-item students' stereotype self-concept questionnaire (SSSCQ) was adapted from Marsh's Self Descriptive Questionnaire II (SDQII), and a 10-item students' mathematics achievement test (SMAT) was developed by the researchers after reviewing related literature. This was done with the help of experts in the areas. The instruments were face and content validated and used for the collection of data. In analyzing the data, mean and standard deviation were used in answering the research questions while a ttest was used in testing the four hypotheses. The findings of the study indicate that gender stereotype has significant influence on students' self-concept and academic achievement in favor of the male students. On the other hand, school location has significant influence on academic achievement of students but has no significant influence on students' self-concept. © The Author(s) 2015.	Academic achievement; Gender; Gender stereotype; Self-concept	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34249793226	The impact of motivation on student's academic achievement and learning outcomes in mathematics among secondary school students in Nigeria	Tella A.	2007	Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education	3	2	None	Osun State College of Education, School of Science, Department of Mathematics, P.O. Box 207, Ila-Orangun, Osun State, Nigeria	Tella, A., Osun State College of Education, School of Science, Department of Mathematics, P.O. Box 207, Ila-Orangun, Osun State, Nigeria	In our match towards scientific and technological advancement, we need nothing short of good performance in mathematics at all levels of schooling. In an effort to achieve this, this study investigated the impact of motivation on students' school academic achievement in mathematics in secondary schools using motivation for academic preference scale (α = 0.82) as a measuring instrument and achievement test in mathematics (ATM) Two hypotheses were tested for significant at 0.05 margin of error using t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) Results showed that gender difference were significant when impact of motivation on academic achievement was compared in male and female students. Also other result indicates significant difference when extent of motivation was taken as variable of interest on academic achievement in mathematics based on the degree of their motivation. Implications, suggestions and recommendations on students, parents, government, counsellors, educational stakeholders, etc were discussed. Copyright © 2007 by Moment.	Academic achievement; Learning outcome; Mathematics; Motivation; Nigeria; Secondary school students	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84863851117	The impact of socio-economic family background and body weight on students' academic achievements in mathematics: Evidence from a Nigerian University	Ozughalu U.M.	2012	European Journal of Social Sciences	31	3	None	Department of Economics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Ozughalu, U.M., Department of Economics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Nigeria frequently experiences poor students' academic achievements in mathematics at various levels of education. This study examined the impact of parental education, number of siblings in the family and body weight on students' academic achievements in mathematics. The study used data obtained from the Department of Economics, Anambra State University, Igbariam Campus, Nigeria. Specifically, the study utilised information on Year One Class of 2009/2010 Academic Session, numbering one hundred and seventythree (173) students. Three related multiple regression equations were estimated using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) estimator; and White's heteroscedasticity-corrected standard errors of the OLS estimates were obtained and utilised to cater for the presence of heteroscedasticity. Estimates of the regression equations reveal that parents' educational levels have significant positive impact on students' academic achievements in mathematics whereas number of siblings in the family has significant negative impact on students' academic achievements in mathematics. Normal weight has significant positive impact on students' academic achievements in mathematics while overweight and obesity have significant negative impact on students' academic achievements in mathematics. Thus steps should be taken to sufficiently improve parents' educational levels, reduce family size and make students have normal weights in order to adequately improve students' academic achievements in mathematics. © EuroJournals Publishing, Inc. 2012.	Academic achievements; Body weight; Mathematics; Nigerian University; Socio-economic family background	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-36749018732	Performance of academically at-risk medical students in a problem-based learning programme: A preliminary report	Burch V.C., Sikakana C.N.T., Yeld N., Seggie J.L., Schmidt H.G.	2007	Advances in Health Sciences Education	12	3	10.1007/s10459-006-9006-6	Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital Observatory, University of Cape Town, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa; Division of Medical Biochemistry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Centre for Higher Education and Development, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Psychology, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands	Burch, V.C., Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital Observatory, University of Cape Town, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa; Sikakana, C.N.T., Division of Medical Biochemistry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Yeld, N., Centre for Higher Education and Development, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Seggie, J.L., Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital Observatory, University of Cape Town, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa; Schmidt, H.G., Department of Psychology, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands	Racially segregated schooling, a legacy of Apartheid policies, continues to hamper education in South Africa. Students entering university from suboptimal circumstances are at significant risk of demonstrating poor academic performance and dropping out of their programmes. Attempts to address the educational needs of these students have included the introduction of extended medical programmes at several universities. Such a programme, the Academic Development Programme (ADP), was implemented at the University of Cape Town in 1991. Over the past decade the programme has graduated more than 100 students. Upon implementation of a new problem-based learning (PBL) programme in 2002, the ADP was discontinued and all students were entered directly into the new PBL programme. Students who demonstrate a need for additional academic support by the end of the first semester enter the Intervention Programme for 1 year before proceeding to the second semester of the PBL programme. An interim analysis was performed to compare the retention rates and academic performance of academically at-risk students in the new PBL programme and the ADP. The records of all academically at-risk students entering the ADP (1991-2000) and the new PBL programme (2002) were reviewed. Retention rates for all years of study, and academic performance in the fourth year clerkship courses of the respective programmes were compared. A total of 239 academically at-risk students in the ADP and 43 at-risk students in the new PBL programme were studied. The median retention rates, per year of study, for at-risk students in the PBL programme was significantly better than for at-risk students in the ADP (p<0.02). Academic performance of the at-risk students in all the fourth year clinical clerkship courses of the PBL programme was significantly better than the mean performance over 10 years for at-risk students in the same fourth year courses in the ADP. The introduction of PBL at the University of Cape Town has not had a deleterious effect on the performance of academically at-risk medical students. Interim analysis suggests that retention rates and academic performance in the PBL programme are better than those achieved in the extended traditional programme. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.	Academically disadvantaged students; Dropout rates; Problem-based learning; Undergraduate medical training	article; cultural deprivation; education; health care quality; human; medical education; medical student; methodology; Negro; problem based learning; program development; psychological aspect; social psychology; South Africa; standard; statistics; student; teaching; time; African Continental Ancestry Group; Cultural Deprivation; Education, Medical, Undergraduate; Educational Measurement; Humans; Prejudice; Problem-Based Learning; Program Development; Program Evaluation; Remedial Teaching; School Admission Criteria; South Africa; Student Dropouts; Students, Medical; Time	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84958778895	Factors contributing toward student performance in a distance education accounting degree	Papageorgiou K., Halabi A.K.	2014	Meditari Accountancy Research	22	2	10.1108/MEDAR-08-2013-0032	Department of Accounting, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Federation University Australia, Gipsplad Campus, Churchill, Australia	Papageorgiou, K., Department of Accounting, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Halabi, A.K., Federation University Australia, Gipsplad Campus, Churchill, Australia	Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of five determinates of performance in students (N = 677) who completed three years of financial accounting to obtain a Bachelor of Accounting Science (BCompt) degree by distance education through the University of South Africa. Design/methodology/approach - Regression analysis is used on three yearly measures of performance with five independent variables (age, gender, prior accounting knowledge, mathematics background and academic aptitude). Findings - Results show that mathematics background and academic aptitude are both significantly associated with student performance, throughout the financial accounting subjects. Prior accounting knowledge is also important in the first year of study but not thereafter. Research limitations/implications - Prior research has found that other factors may influence student performance, and future studies which include these variables will add to these findings. Practical implications - The results of this study have important implications for instructors, students and career advisers, particularly as research linking various factors with performance in accounting subjects over the length of a degree is limited. Originality/value - The current study considers the determinants of student performance over three financial accounting years (rather than one year or one subject) and from a distance education perspective. As distance education becomes a more important delivery method of study in the future, these results have important implications. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2049-372X.	Academic aptitude; Accounting; Age; Gender; Mathematics background; Prior accounting knowledge; Student performance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897057156	Student teachers' academic backgrounds and beliefs about teaching: Predicting student engagement and performance in a developing country	Nizeyimana G., Osman R.	2014	Education as Change	18	SUPPL.1	10.1080/16823206.2013.877356	Kigali Institute of Education, Curriculum and Teaching, Rwanda; University of Witwatersrand, South Africa	Nizeyimana, G., Kigali Institute of Education, Curriculum and Teaching, Rwanda; Osman, R., University of Witwatersrand, South Africa	This article explores the influence of university/college first-year student teachers' educational backgrounds and their beliefs about teaching on their performance, and identifies these as key indicators of student engagement in learning to teach in developing countries, with particular reference to Rwanda. Both quantitative data (students' marks) and qualitative data (semi-structured interviews) were collected from student teachers in the 2010 academic year. This article argues that, in developing countries where primary teacher preparation is done at high school level while secondary school teacher preparation is done at university/college level, tertiary first-year student teachers' beliefs about their teaching career are more likely to determine the level of their engagement in learning to teach and hence performance than their prior academic background in related fields of study. © 2014 © 2014 The University of Johannesburg.	academic background; beliefs; developing countries; performance; student engagement; teacher education	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84887737727	Determinants of academic performance in children with sickle cell anaemia	Ezenwosu O.U., Emodi I.J., Ikefuna A.N., Chukwu B.F., Osuorah C.D.	2013	BMC Pediatrics	13	1	10.1186/1471-2431-13-189	Department of Paediatrics, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria; Child Survival Unit, Medical Research Council UK, The Gambia Unit, Serrekunda, Gambia	Ezenwosu, O.U., Department of Paediatrics, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria; Emodi, I.J., Department of Paediatrics, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria; Ikefuna, A.N., Department of Paediatrics, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria; Chukwu, B.F., Department of Paediatrics, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria; Osuorah, C.D., Child Survival Unit, Medical Research Council UK, The Gambia Unit, Serrekunda, Gambia	Background: Some factors are known to influence the academic performance of children with Sickle Cell Anaemia (SCA). Information on their effects in these children is limited in Nigeria. The factors which influence academic performance of children with SCA in Enugu, Nigeria are determined in this study.Methods: Consecutive children with SCA aged 5-11 years were recruited at the weekly sickle cell clinic of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH) Enugu, Nigeria. Their age- and sex- matched normal classmates were recruited as controls. The total number of days of school absence for 2009/2010 academic session was obtained for each pair of pupils from the class attendance register. Academic performance was assessed using the average of the overall scores in the three term examinations of same session. Intelligence ability was determined with Draw-A-Person Quotient (DAPQ) using the Draw-A-Person Test while socio-economic status was determined using the occupational status and educational attainment of each parent.Results: Academic performance of children with SCA showed statistically significant association with their socio-economic status (χ2 = 9.626, p = 0.047), and significant correlation with DAPQ (r = 0.394, p = 0.000) and age (r = -0.412, p = 0.000). However, no significant relationship existed between academic performance and school absence in children with SCA (r = -0.080, p = 0.453).Conclusions: Academic performance of children with SCA is influenced by their intelligence ability, age and socio-economic status but not negatively affected by their increased school absenteeism. © 2013 Ezenwosu et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Academic; Children; Determinants; Sickle	absenteeism; academic achievement; age; article; blood transfusion; child; childhood disease; controlled study; correlational study; disease severity; educational status; employment status; female; hospital admission; human; intelligence; major clinical study; male; Nigeria; parent; preschool child; primary school; school child; scoring system; sex ratio; sickle cell anemia; social status; student; teaching hospital; Absenteeism; Anemia, Sickle Cell; Child; Child, Preschool; Educational Status; Female; Humans; Intelligence Tests; Male; Nigeria; Parents; Risk Factors; Severity of Illness Index; Socioeconomic Factors	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883196648	Measuring the impact of academic development courses in first- and second-year chemistry	Smith L.C.	2013	South African Journal of Chemistry	66	None	None	Centre for Higher Education Development, University of Cape Town, South Africa	Smith, L.C., Centre for Higher Education Development, University of Cape Town, South Africa	This paper uses multivariate analysis to estimate the impact of educational interventions in the first-year academic development chemistry courses on students' final course marks. The cohorts for seven years are pooled, which generates a more robust set of results than was previously the case. To counter the sample-selection problem that arises as academic development students are placed onto the academic development programme, a selection of control variables is included in the estimations. The results suggest that the educational interventions in the first year had a positive impact on academic development students' performance, relative to mainstream students, in both the first- and second-year courses. The implications of the results for education policy and research are considered.	Academic development; Academic performance; Chemistry; Educational interventions; Multivariate analysis; South Africa	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84866264534	Measuring the impact of educational interventions on the academic performance of academic development students in second-year microeconomics	Smith L.C., Ranchhod V.	2012	South African Journal of Economics	80	3	10.1111/j.1813-6982.2011.01287.x	Centre for Higher Education Development, University of Cape Town, South Africa; School of Economics, University of Cape Town, South Africa	Smith, L.C., Centre for Higher Education Development, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Ranchhod, V., School of Economics, University of Cape Town, South Africa	This paper analyses the impact of educational interventions made in the first- and second-year microeconomics courses on academic development students' final mark in the second-year course. It also addresses issues of methodology, specification, and statistical analysis with respect to other studies in the field. The results suggest that the educational interventions in the first-year had a positive impact on the academic performance of the academic development cohort, relative to the mainstream cohort for the first period (2000-2002). The results also suggest that the educational interventions introduced in the second period (2003-2005), in the form of voluntary workshops, improved the academic performance of the academic development and mainstream cohorts. © 2012 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2012 Economic Society of South Africa.	Academic development; academic performance; economic education; educational interventions; microeconomics; multivariate analysis; South Africa	academic performance; curriculum; geography education; microeconomics; multivariate analysis; student; South Africa	None
WoS	WOS:000246542000007	A multivariate evaluation of mainstream and academic development courses in first-year microeconomics	Edwards, Lawrence,Smith, Leonard	2007	SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS	75	1	None	University of Cape Town	None	This paper analyses the impact of the University of Cape Town's first-year microeconomics academic development course on performance in examinations. The paper makes two advances to existing empirical literature in this area. Firstly, we compare performance with a control group drawn from the mainstream economic course. Secondly, we evaluate performance in subsequent courses in first-year macroeconomics and second-year microeconomics. The results suggest that the academic development course has a major impact on students' performance in the structured/essay questions, relative to the control group, in first- and second-year microeconomics, and for the multiple-choice questions in first-year macroeconomics. Matriculation results, mathematics, English first language, physical science and gender are also important determinants of performance.	"ACADEMIC DEVELOPMENT","economic education","SOUTH AFRICA","student performance",ACHIEVEMENT,"COLLEGE PRINCIPLES",DETERMINANTS,EDUCATION,GENDER,"HIGH-SCHOOL ECONOMICS",IMPACT,"MALE-FEMALE DIFFERENCES","STUDENT PERFORMANCE"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84902466030	The perceived impact of the Postgraduate Diploma in Higher Education and Training as an academic development intervention in an Institution of Higher Learning	Nkonki V., Scheckle L., Jonas N., Ntlabathi S., Riley A., Muhuro P.	2014	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	5	11 SPEC. ISSUE	10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n11p157	University of Fort Hare, South Africa	Nkonki, V.; Scheckle, L.; Jonas, N.; Ntlabathi, S.; Riley, A.; Muhuro, P., University of Fort Hare, South Africa	Following mixed views in literature on the relevance and return on investment of formal higher education professional development initiatives, the current study sought the views of the impact of the Postgraduate Diploma in Higher Education and Training (PGDHET) on the professional practice of higher education staff in one institution. Framed in the interpretive paradigm, the study adopted a case study design in which multiple sources of data were utilised. Data were collected through an open-ended questionnaire from eleven (11) purposefully selected lecturers possessing a PGDHET qualification. The data was corroborated with a data analysis of PGDHET reports. Qualitative data thus collected was analysed through the extraction and aggregation of meaning units into themes. Quantitative data was used to discern and describe impact trends of the PGDHET. It emerged from the study that the PGDHET challenged lecturers' conceptions of teaching and learning, and expanded their repertoire of innovative teaching strategies. Furthermore, participants reported contributions to advancement of departmental best teaching practices and the status of teaching institutionally. The conclusion drawn is that the PGDHET impacts beyond the lecture room as it influences also the academic development practices, faculty and departmental practices, as well as the overall culture of the institution. This research recommends ways of further consolidating and further advancing the impact of the PGDHET.	Academic Development; Perceived impact; Postgraduate Diploma in Higher Education and Training; Professional development	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892601733	The effect of academic development initiatives on student performance at a South African University: A case of finance modules	Muzindutsi P.-F.	2013	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	4	3	10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n3p717	School of Economic Sciences, North-West University, South Africa	Muzindutsi, P.-F., School of Economic Sciences, North-West University, South Africa	The retention and the success of undergraduate students is a concern in South African universities which have been faced with a major challenge of low graduation rates. To respond to this challenge, South African universities adopted various academic development initiatives to provide support to students who are at risk of not completing the undergraduate qualification within the required time. This study used multiple regression analysis to evaluate the contribution of academic development initiatives in improving the academic performance of 'at risk' students within discipline of finance at the University of KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa, during the period 2009-2011. Results showed that some of the initiatives, such as revision workshops, contributed significantly to student performance while others, such as one-on-one consultations between students and Academic Development Officers (ADO's), had no significant effect on student performance. This study found that making academic development initiatives inclusive to all willing students did not disadvantage 'at risk' students. It was therefore concluded that academic development initiatives can only succeed when there is full commitment from students involved. This study recommends that one-on-one discussions between students and ADO's should be supplemented by other strategies, such as timely and regular revision workshops, in order to yield positive results.	Academic development programme; At risk students; Student performance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84931473198	Building a global surgery initiative through evaluation, collaboration, and training: The massachusetts general hospital experience	Chao T.E., Riesel J.N., Anderson G.A., Mullen J.T., Doyle J., Briggs S.M., Lillemoe K.D., Goldstein C., Kitya D., Cusack J.C., Jr.	2015	Journal of Surgical Education	72	4	10.1016/j.jsurg.2014.12.018	Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, GRB 425, Boston, MA, United States; Kartis, Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States; Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda	Chao, T.E., Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, GRB 425, Boston, MA, United States; Riesel, J.N., Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, GRB 425, Boston, MA, United States; Anderson, G.A., Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, GRB 425, Boston, MA, United States; Mullen, J.T., Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, GRB 425, Boston, MA, United States; Doyle, J., Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, GRB 425, Boston, MA, United States; Briggs, S.M., Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, GRB 425, Boston, MA, United States; Lillemoe, K.D., Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, GRB 425, Boston, MA, United States; Goldstein, C., Kartis, Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States; Kitya, D., Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda; Cusack, J.C., Jr., Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, GRB 425, Boston, MA, United States	Objective The Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Department of Surgery established the Global Surgery Initiative (GSI) in 2013 to transform volunteer and mission-based global surgery efforts into an educational experience in surgical systems strengthening. The objective of this newly conceived mission is not only to perform advanced surgery but also to train surgeons beyond MGH through international partnerships across disciplines. At its inception, a clear pathway to achieve this was not established, and we sought to identify steps that were critical to realizing our mission statement. Setting Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA and Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital, Mbarara, Uganda Participants Members of the MGH and MRRH Departments of Surgery including faculty, fellows, and residents Results The MGH GSI steering committee identified 4 steps for sustaining a robust global surgery program: (1) administer a survey to the MGH departmental faculty, fellows, and residents to gauge levels of experience and interest, (2) catalog all ongoing global surgical efforts and projects involving MGH surgical faculty, fellows, and residents to identify areas of overlap and opportunities for collaboration, (3) establish a longitudinal partnership with an academic surgical department in a limited-resource setting (Mbarara University of Science and Technology (MUST) at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH)), and (4) design a formal curriculum in global surgery to provide interested surgical residents with structured opportunities for research, education, and clinical work. Conclusions By organizing the collective experiences of colleagues, synchronizing efforts of new and former efforts, and leveraging the funding resources available at the local institution, the MGH GSI hopes to provide academic benefit to our foreign partners as well as our trainees through longitudinal collaboration. Providing additional financial and organizational support might encourage more surgeons to become involved in global surgery efforts. Creating a partnership with a hospital in a limited-resource setting and establishing a formal global surgery curriculum for our residents allows for education and longitudinal collaboration. We believe this is a replicable model for building other academic global surgery endeavors that aim to strengthen health and surgical systems beyond their own institutions. © 2015 Association of Program Directors in Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	academic global surgery; cross-country collaboration; global surgery; LMIC partnership; mapping; surgical education	Article; curriculum; general hospital; health care planning; human; medical education; medical school; medical specialist; normal human; priority journal; public-private partnership; residency education; resident; surgery; surgical training; surgical ward; work; work experience	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84872222621	Assessment of teaching performance of student-teachers on teaching practice	Oluwatayo J.A., Adebule S.O.	2012	International Education Studies	5	5	10.5539/ies.v5n5p109	Institute of Education, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Faculty of Education, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria	Oluwatayo, J.A., Institute of Education, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Adebule, S.O., Faculty of Education, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria	The study assessed teaching performance of 222 student-teachers from the Faculty of Education, Ekiti State University, posted to various secondary schools in Ekiti State for a six-week teaching practice during 2010/2011 academic session. The sample included 119 males, 103 females, 78 (300-Level) and 144 (400-Level) students. Data were collected using Teaching Performance Assessment Form designed by the Faculty of Education, Ekiti State University and analysed using frequency counts, percentages, item-total correlations and t-test comparison, tested at 0.05 level of significance. Results showed satisfactory teaching performance of the student-teachers while gender and previous teaching experience had no significant influence on teaching performance of the student-teachers. It was recommended that supervisors (of teaching practice/raters) should be thoroughly trained on the use of assessment instrument for reliable measurement of student-teachers' teaching performance.	Academic level; Assessment; Gender; Teaching performance; Teaching practice	None	None
None	None	Publication productivity and scholarly impact of academic librarians in Tanzania: A scientometric analysis	Sife A.S., Lwoga E.T.	2014	New Library World	115	42686	10.1108/NLW-04-2014-0038	Sokoina National Agricultural Library, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania; Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Sife, A.S., Sokoina National Agricultural Library, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania; Lwoga, E.T., Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Purpose – The purpose of this scientometric study was to conduct an analysis of the research productivity and scholarly impact of academic librarians in Tanzania for a period of 30 years from 1984 to 2013. Design/methodology/approach – Data were obtained using the Publish or Perish software which uses Google Scholar to retrieve scholars’ publications, citations and related metrics. For each librarian, the retrieved metrics were the number of papers, papers per author, citation counts, average citations per paper, average papers per author, average citations per year, average citations per author and four indices, namely, the h-index, g-index, Hc-index and the HI-norm. Findings – The study findings indicate that 434 publications were recorded for all librarians, giving an average of 14.5 publications per year. The year 2008 had the most (9.9 per cent) publications followed by 2010 (7.8 per cent), while the years 1985 and 1987 had the lowest (0.2 per cent) number of publications. About 43 per cent of the publications were single-authored and the degree of collaboration was 0.57. The top-ten ranked librarians contributed more than half (53.2 per cent) of all publications, although they showed considerable variation among different metrics. Only three journal articles had 25 or more citations. Originality/value – Previous studies on the topic are scarce, and, therefore, this paper provides useful recommendations to library and information science (LIS) schools, libraries and universities to improve research productivity of their academic librarians in Tanzania and other countries with a similar setting. ©, Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Academic librarians; Citation analysis; Publication patterns; Research productivity; Scientometric analysis; Tanzania	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84938868848	Reading habits among students and its effect on academic performance: A study of students of Koforidua Polytechnic	Owusu-Acheaw M., Larson A.G.	2014	Library Philosophy and Practice	2014	1	None	Koforidua Polytechnic, Koforidua, Ghana; University of Education, Winneba, Ghana	Owusu-Acheaw, M., Koforidua Polytechnic, Koforidua, Ghana; Larson, A.G., University of Education, Winneba, Ghana	The study sought to assess the reading habits among students and their effects on their academic performance. The study was conducted in Koforidua Polytechnic situated in the Eastern Region of Ghana. A questionnaire was used for the data collection. The data collected were analyzed quantitatively with the use of Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). Figures and tables were used to present the results of findings. From the total of 1052 copies of questionnaire distributed, 1000 copies, representing 95.0% were filled and returned. The findings showed that majority of the respondents acknowledge the importance of reading, 81.9% of the respondents neither read novel nor fiction within the last two semesters while 62.0% of the respondents only read for the purpose of passing examination. The study confirmed that reading habit has influence on academic performance and there is a relationship between reading habit and academic performance. The study recommended among others that lecturers should be advised to stop providing handouts to students but rather encourage them to use the library for research and also, the current system of assessing students should be given a second thought with respect to the formulae of assessment.	Academic libraries; Academic performance; Reading interest; Students; Tertiary institution	None	None
WoS	WOS:000318584000008	The Impact of Accreditation Exercise on University Libraries in Kenya	Ngulube, Patrick,Odera-Kwach, Beatrice Achieng'	2013	AFRICAN JOURNAL OF LIBRARY ARCHIVES AND INFORMATION SCIENCE	23	1	None	University of South Africa, Commiss Higher Educ	"Ngulube, Patrick: University of South Africa",	This paper is the result of an exploratory study of the impact of accreditation - a process of external quality assurance on university libraries in Kenya. The paper also sought the perceptions of university librarians regarding external quality assurance. The mixed research method was used for data collection. The population of the study constituted all the universities in Kenya recognised by the Commission for Higher Education. The sample frame was drawn from the list of private universities authorised to award degrees in Kenya. Based on the findings from the questionnaire survey, four purposively selected heads of university libraries were interviewed. A total of 22 (92%) out of 24 potential university librarians completed and returned the questionnaire. The results show that university librarians were aware of the purpose of accreditation as it pertains to licensing, while conformity to standards was the greatest strength of accreditation. The university librarians suggested ways of improving the accreditation process. The findings show that there were positive and negative perceptions about the accreditation process. The findings reveal that despite the differences in the universities, majority of the librarians were positive that the accreditation process had brought about significant changes in their institutions. The paper concludes with a number of recommendations for improvement of the accreditation process.	"ACADEMIC LIBRARIES",ACCREDITATION,"external quality assurance","IMPACT ASSESSMENT",KENYA,"MIXED METHODS RESEARCH"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84946092330	Reference service evaluation at an African academic library: the user perspective	Luo L., Buer V.B.	2015	Library Review	64	42591	10.1108/LR-04-2015-0046	San Jose State University, San Jose, CO, United States; University of Education, Winneba, Ghana	Luo, L., San Jose State University, San Jose, CO, United States; Buer, V.B., University of Education, Winneba, Ghana	Purpose – This paper aims to provide a detailed discussion of a large-scale library reference evaluation study conducted at the University of Education, Winneba (UEW) in Ghana. The study seeks to evaluate the reference service from the user perspective, focusing on how users use and perceive the service. Design/methodology/approach – Self-administered survey was used as the data collection instrument. One thousand questionnaires were distributed to library users in a three-week period, and the response rate was 63.7 per cent. Findings – The reference service had a high non-use rate of 42.6 per cent, which was primarily attributed to library users’ self-sufficiency and lack of awareness of the service. The top three motivations for library users to use the reference service were class assignments, personal interests and using library facilities. Although their overall altitude was positive, users felt that reference librarians were more successful at exhibiting customer service qualities than performing tasks related to identifying users’ information needs and searching/locating relevant information to fulfill the needs. Practical implications – The knowledge gained from this study will deepen the understanding of how the reference service is utilised and perceived by library users and offer insights on how to enhance the services to optimise the user experience. Originality/value – This study yields an enriched view of reference service provision in the African context. Its findings will help other academic libraries in Africa successfully plan and implement their own reference evaluation efforts and ultimately encourage more evidence-based library practices in the developing world. © 2015, Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Academic libraries; Africa; Evaluation; Ghana; Reference	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84914697805	Libraries in the information age: A measure of performance, competencies and constraints in academic libraries in Nigerian universities	Asogwa B.E.	2014	Electronic Library	32	5	10.1108/EL-07-2012-0097	Nnamdi Azikiwe Library (NAL), University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Asogwa, B.E., Nnamdi Azikiwe Library (NAL), University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to measure the competencies of libraries in Nigerian universities, identify constraints to their performance and recommend infrastructures and competencies required. Institutional accreditation has compelled academic libraries in Nigerian to improve their quality, competencies and performances for accountability.Design/methodology/approach - Aquestionnaire was the main instrument for data collection. The population of the study was all the university librarians in the 89 universities in Nigeria that the author selected from federal, state and private universities. Of the 81 sets of questionnaires emailed, 49 were returned, which represents a 60.5 per cent response rate and provides the working population of the study. Data were analysed using frequency tables, simple percentages and bar charts.Findings - The results indicate that academic libraries and librarians in Nigeria are competent in three key areas - educational roles, professional development and research. However, they are not very effective in the provision and use of library resources in cyberspace, adequate funding, collection development and information technology skills. The main constraints are: poor Internet penetration, low bandwidth, unreliable power supply and weak Internet proficiency. This paper suggests that adequate funding, benchmark performance and multi-skilling can serve as strategies against these constraints in developing regions.Practical implications - This study contributes to library staff assessment because it links strategic objectives to performance measures and associated long-term targets. It broadens issues which affect sustainable performance in academic libraries in Nigeria, as well as in Africa and other developing countries.Originality/value - While performance measurement is well established in developed countries, it is less or not so well established in Nigeria and other developing countries. The current research seeks to develop a performance measurement framework for academic libraries that is testable and expandable to Nigeria and the whole African context. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Academic libraries; Benchmarking; ICT; Nigeria; Performance indicators; Performance measurement	None	None
WoS	WOS:000317797800002	Impact of health informatics on nurses' computer skills and the role of the library	Ajayi, N. A.	2013	ELECTRONIC LIBRARY	31	2	10.1108/02640471311312357	Obafemi Awolowo University	None	Purpose - The concept of the paper is how the library can be a useful framework for designing nurses' computer skills. The overarching aim of the research is to focus on how the computer skills involved in nurses' increasing access to health informatics can be used to improve nursing practice, consequently leading to better health care delivery. The objectives involved in achieving this aim include: finding out the level of nurses' computer literacy; finding out nurses' quest for electronic information for problem-based nursing practice; investigating nurses' level of awareness of research-based nursing practice; and finding out areas of desirability of informatics in nursing practice. Design/methodology/approach - The measuring instrument used was a self-administered questionnaire to senior nursing cadres in the Teaching Hospitals Complex, lie-He, Nigeria. There were 230 nurses in these categories, of whom 180 were given questionnaires to fill in. The questionnaire was pre-tested and validated. A total of 167 copies were returned and found to be usable. Simple percentages and a summation weighted index were used to analyse the data. Findings - The paper provides empirical insight into nurses' computer skills and the library's role. The majority of the respondents did not have knowledge of computers; in the School of Nursing they learned it through various means while practising, while a few could access and retrieve information from the available databases. Some difficulties were expressed, such as workload, lack of skills, location of the library with regard to the hospital, etc. The desirability of the introduction of health informatics to the profession is high. Research limitations/implications - The study is limited to a teaching hospital and the results may not be generalisable to non-teaching hospitals, hence the need for further studies. Practical implications - The impact of health informatics on nurses' computer skills and the library's role will save nurses from routine work, enhance their productivity, and will equip them better for the challenges that information technology presents for health professionals. Originality/value - This paper fulfils and identifies the need to introduce health informatics to nursing practice in order to improve patient care.	"ACADEMIC LIBRARIES","ELECTRONIC LIBRARIES",HOSPITALS,LIBRARIES,NIGERIA,NURSES,"SKILLS TRAINING",ATTITUDES	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84949565645	Evaluation of electronic service infrastructures and quality of e-services in Nigerian academic libraries	Asogwa B.E., Ugwu C.I., Ugwuanyi F.C.	2015	Electronic Library	33	6	10.1108/EL-04-2014-0071	Nnamdi Azikiwe Library, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nsukka, Nigeria	Asogwa, B.E., Nnamdi Azikiwe Library, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nsukka, Nigeria; Ugwu, C.I., Nnamdi Azikiwe Library, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nsukka, Nigeria; Ugwuanyi, F.C., Nnamdi Azikiwe Library, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nsukka, Nigeria	Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the quality of online services in academic libraries in Nigeria. It seeks to assess the functionality of electronic infrastructures, to expose areas where the service needs of users are not adequately provided and to recommend solutions. Design/methodology/approach - The sample population was 210 staff and students who used electronic resources in Nigerian university libraries during the 2012-2013 academic session. A questionnaire was the main instrument for data collection. Modified WebQual four performance indicators were designed and used to measure: library equipment, library website, online public access catalogue (OPAC) and e-user education in the university libraries. The five-point service performance scale that ranged from very poor performance to excellent was used in measuring the views of the respondents. Findings - None of the indicators was rated excellent; six were rated good; nine were average; two and five indicators scored poor and very poor, respectively. Poor funding, intermittent power supply and weak telecommunication infrastructures were among the major impediments to online services in Nigerian universities. Through adequate funding and prudent management of library funds, online services in Nigerian university libraries could meet global standards. Practical implications - Results from this paper could guide library management on several concrete remedial actions to sustain e-service performance that could meet the missions and visions of contemporary academic libraries. Originality/value - This paper was the first to apply WebQual model in the evaluation of electronic performance quality of academic libraries in Nigeria. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Academic libraries; E-resources; E-services; Nigerian university libraries	None	None
WoS	WOS:000306624400004	Job rotation program evaluation: the Niger Delta University Library	Baro, Emmanuel E.	2012	ASLIB PROCEEDINGS	64	4	10.1108/00012531211244743	Niger Delta Univ	None	Purpose - Since 2004 the Niger Delta University Library has adopted a job rotation program to help solve manpower and skills acquisition problems. The study reported in this paper aimed to evaluate the Niger Delta University job rotation program, including the impact of the program on newly employed librarians and their job performance, and the university library. Design/methodology/approach - The study has two parts. Firstly, the paper reports results from focus group interviews with Niger Delta University librarians who participated in the job rotation program. Secondly, an interview was conducted with the Niger Delta University librarian who adopted the job rotation program to elicit insights into the impact and challenges of the library job rotation program. The Kirkpatrick and Kirkpatrick four-level evaluation framework was chosen to use as a framework for the evaluation of the responses. Findings- The study revealed that the job rotation program is an important program for allowing librarians to acquire new skills, enhance staff productivity, develop new relationships across the university library and gain skills needed for gain skills needed for future career advancement. The participants in the career advancement. The participants in the job rotation program who were interviewed showed a high level of satisfaction with the program. Practical implications - The findings of this study will inform library administrators or management about the adoption of job rotation programs in their libraries. Many university libraries have problems with a lack of skills experienced by new librarians and also as a staff development tool in the workplace. Originality/value - The paper calls for proactive effort by university libraries to adopt new strategies to enhance skills development for efficient productivity.	"ACADEMIC LIBRARIES","JOB MOBILITY","job rotation","library management",NIGERIA,"skills acquisition","skills flexibility"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84938864176	Use of ServQUAL in the evaluation of service quality of academic libraries in developing countries	Asogwa B.E., Asadu B.U., Ezema J.U., Ugwu C.I., Ugwuanyi F.C.	2014	Library Philosophy and Practice	2014	1	None	Nnamdi Azikiwe library, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Asogwa, B.E., Nnamdi Azikiwe library, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Asadu, B.U., Nnamdi Azikiwe library, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Ezema, J.U., Nnamdi Azikiwe library, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Ugwu, C.I., Nnamdi Azikiwe library, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Ugwuanyi, F.C., Nnamdi Azikiwe library, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Purpose - This paper assesses the quality of services to users in academic libraries in developing countries using ServQUAL model. The purpose was to expose the service areas where the desires of library users' are not met, ascertain the causes, and suggest corrective measures. Approach - Both primary and secondary sources were explored for data collection. Questionnaire and the websites were used, and the 3,832 library users sampled from four developing countries was the research population of this article. Data was analyzed and discussed using descriptive statistics, and other illustrations. Findings - The paper revealed that in developing countries: all the service indicators evaluated were negatively marked; There is significant different between the perceptions and expectations of library users; Academic libraries are not satisfying users' expectations; While tangibility and empathy were the highest and lowest dimensions in developing countries, reliability and tangibility were the order in developed countries; factors such as lack of modern facilities, poor funding, and weak e-leadership quality were negatively affecting the quality of library services. Greater efforts should be channeled toward closing the gaps between the perceptions and the expectations of library users. Practical Implications -This result could be used in comparing the service quality of academic libraries in developed and developing countries. Originality -This paper is the first attempt to use ServQUAL model in the comparison of service quality of academic libraries in developed and developing countries.	Academic libraries; Service quality; ServQUAL in academic libraries; ServQUAL in developing countries; ServQual model	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880040881	Dancing with the devil: formative peer assessment and academic performance	Snowball J.D., Mostert M.	2013	Higher Education Research and Development	32	4	10.1080/07294360.2012.705262	Department of Economics and Economic History, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa; Centre for Higher Education Research, Teaching and Learning, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa	Snowball, J.D., Department of Economics and Economic History, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa; Mostert, M., Centre for Higher Education Research, Teaching and Learning, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa	Peer assessment can be important in developing active and independent learners, as well as providing more and faster feedback in large classes, compared to marking done by tutors. In addition, the evaluative, critical stance required by students in order to assess their peers' work encourages the development of higher-order cognitive skills. Changing roles from being assessed to being an assessor can also improve students' ability to judge and improve on their own work. However, peer assessment does have potential problems and there is some debate as to the appropriate academic level at which to implement it, the kinds of feedback that are given and the ways in which students respond. In addition, there is little evidence that peer assessment has an impact on academic performance. This research reports the results of an online peer assessment exercise for a macroeconomics essay conducted in a large Economics 1 class at Rhodes University. Of the 800 students, about half participated in the peer assessment exercise. Data were collected from students via a formal course evaluation. In addition, a sample of 50 essays was evaluated in terms of the relationship between peer marks and final (tutor) marks received and the impact that peer assessment had on the quality of the final essay submitted. An Ordinary Least Squares regression was used to investigate the impact of peer assessment participation on marks. Results showed that peer marks tended to 'bunch' in the 60-68% range, indicating the reluctance of peers to give very high or low marks. In general, peers gave more useful feedback on technical aspects, such as presentation and referencing (which were also the categories in which students most often made improvements), than on content. Regression analysis showed that peer assessment participation was not a significant determinant of final essay mark, but that economics ability and English language proficiency were. © 2013 Copyright HERDSA.	academic outcomes; impact; large classes; online; peer assessment	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84958693859	Gender differences in locus of control and student performance in the South African context of accounting studies	Callaghan C., Papageorgiou E.	2015	Meditari Accountancy Research	23	3	10.1108/MEDAR-02-2014-0018	School of Economic and Business Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Accountancy, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Callaghan, C., School of Economic and Business Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Papageorgiou, E., School of Accountancy, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Purpose - This paper aims to test the theory that predicts differences in locus of control (LOC) by gender and the relationships between LOC and the performance of accounting students in a large South African university. Design/methodology/approach - Confirmatory factor analysis was appliedto test the applicability of Spector's (1988) LOC scales as a first-order construct in this context. An exploratory factor analysis was then performed to provide a more fine-grained analysis of subordinate constructs. Three component categories were found to emerge from a test of this widely used LOC questionnaire. These component categories were classified as beliefs about the effectiveness of agency, beliefs about chance and beliefs about networks in the contribution to the attainment of outcomes in working contexts. Findings - Further tests revealed that female accounting students demonstrate higher LOC in all the three categories. Females were therefore found to have significantly higher levels of both LOC and student performance; yet, the majority of tested items were not significant in their associations, and total LOC was not found to be associated with higher performance for female or male students. Certain individual items were, however, found to be associated with performance for male students. It is concluded that despite the predictions of seminal theory that predicts convergence around gender, or more egalitarian outcomes in high-skilled contexts over time, accounting student performance in this context might currently be dominated by females. This reflects a current general dominance of females in higher educational attainment and in employment numbers in educational contexts. Research limitations/implications - Limitations of the study include: first, the use of a single university; second, a sample of only first-year accounting students. It is not known whether these findings generalise beyond accounting students with similar university environments. This research is also not causal in nature. The statistical testing used in this study cannot indicate causality. Originality/value - It is recommended that further research investigate the more fine-grained dimensions of LOC that can contribute to accounting student performance and that further qualitative or causal research is performed to "surface" the causal mechanisms that underlie these findings. The value of this research is in the fact that it tests theory that predicts differences in LOC and the relationships between LOC and performance in an important formative context of accounting. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2049-372X.	Academic performance; Accounting education; Gender; Locus of control; South Africa	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884548028	Gender, geographic locations, achievement goals and academic performance of secondary school students from Borno State, Nigeria	Musa A.	2013	Research in Education	90	1	10.7227/RIE.90.1.2	Department of Education, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B.1069, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria	Musa, A., Department of Education, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B.1069, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria	The paper examined gender, geography location, achievement goals and academic performance of senior secondary school students in Borno State, Nigeria. The sample consists of 827 students from 18 public boarding secondary schools across South and North of Borno State: 414 (50.1 per cent) males and 413 (49.9 per cent) are females; 414 (50.1 per cent) are from South of Borno State, 413 (49.9 per cent) from North of Borno State, respectively. An Achievement Goals Scale with a Cronbach alpha of 0.64 was used to measure achievement goals. Tests in English and Mathematics were used to measure academic performance in English and Mathematics and overall academic performance. The data was analysed using MANAVA statistics. The results reveal that male students are more learning goal oriented and also performed significantly better than females in English and overall academic performance but not in Mathematics. Students from Southern Borno State are more learning goal oriented and performed significantly better than those from Northern Borno State in English, Mathematics and overall academic performance. Geographic locations moderate the effects of gender on students' learning goal, Mathematics and overall academic performance. © Manchester University Press.	Academic performance; Achievement goals; Gender; Geographical location	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84940949166	Social media network participation and academic performance in senior high schools in Ghana	Mingle J., Adams M.	2015	Library Philosophy and Practice	2015	1	None	Lancaster University Ghana, Ghana; Department of Information Studies, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana	Mingle, J., Lancaster University Ghana, Ghana; Adams, M., Department of Information Studies, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana	This study looks at social media network participation and academic performance in senior high schools. The study was aimed at identifying social media network sites and their usage among students, how students networked and participated on social media networks, time invested by students on social networks, the effects of social media on students' grammar and spelling as well as the effects of social network participation on the student's academic performance within the context of the social learning and the use and gratification theories. To achieve the objectives of the research, the study used a mixed method approach which involved the survey of students in four senior high schools and interviews of heads of the senior high schools. The study revealed that majority of respondents used Whatsapp and Facebook for making friends and chatting. In addition, majority of respondents experienced negative effects such as poor grammar and spelling, late submission of assignment, less study time and poor academic performance due to the heavy participation on social media networks. Furthermore, there was a high addiction rate among students in the usage of social media networks. Nevertheless, there were cases where others experienced improvement in their readings skills as a result of participation on social media networks. Also, respondents shared ideas, discussed and shared examination questions among themselves on social media networks. The study recommended the strict enforcement of Ghana Education Service rule on electronic devices usage in schools, promotion of social media usage for academic purpose, counselling for addicted students and the use of the right grammar and spelling when participating on social networks.	Academic performance; Addiction; Social media networks; Students	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84943011778	Entry qualifications and academic performance of architecture students in Nigerian Polytechnics: Are the admission requirements still relevant?	Adewale P.O., Adhuze O.B.	2014	Frontiers of Architectural Research	3	1	10.1016/j.foar.2013.11.002	Department of Architectural Technology, The Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti-State, Nigeria	Adewale, P.O., Department of Architectural Technology, The Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti-State, Nigeria; Adhuze, O.B., Department of Architectural Technology, The Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti-State, Nigeria	The competence of fresh graduates of architecture has been continuously criticized by the industry for inadequate knowledge. This is often blamed on the poor standard of education evidenced by poor performances in professional and degree/diploma examinations conducted by various schools of architecture in the country. Although, factors responsible for the scenario are well documented in the literature, most of these works are based on testimonial and circumstantial evidences relating to management of architectural education only. The aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between entry qualifications and the performance of architecture students in Nigerian Polytechnics with a view to determining the relevance of current admission policy to architectural education in Nigeria. Data were obtained from official records in the Department of Architecture in four randomly selected polytechnics in the southwestern part of Nigeria. Pearson Product Moment Correlation (. r) was used to test the hypotheses. Findings reveal weak relationship between the two variables (physics and mathematics). This is contrary to the expectations of most scholars and policy makers who opine that students' proficiency in these subjects would enhance their performance at higher levels. The paper traces the contradiction to the poor handling of public examinations and misconception of architecture as being pure science. It holds that if these requirements are still relied upon for the admission of students into schools of architecture, wrong candidates would continue to gain entry into the profession. The paper concludes by recommending certain measures that are capable of reversing the trend. © 2014 Higher Education Press Limited Company.	Academic performance; Admission criteria; Architecture; Arts; Education; Science	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892607471	Stakeholder perspectives on strategies that can improve student performance in the school-leaving examinations in Lesotho	Lekhetho M.	2013	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	4	3	10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n3p85	College of Education, University of South Africa, South Africa	Lekhetho, M., College of Education, University of South Africa, South Africa	Despite the endless efforts by the Lesotho government and various stakeholders to improve student outcomes in secondary schools, particularly in the school-leaving examinations, the failure rate remains stubbornly high, resulting in high wastage rate. The study adopted a quantitative approach, using questionnaires and semi-structured interviews to gather data from 808 participants who included students, teachers, principals, school board members, school inspectors and education secretaries on the strategies that can be used to improve student performance in the school-leaving examinations. Simple descriptive statistics, mainly frequency counts and percentages are used to report the results. To improve academic performance the respondents suggested that there should be collaborative determination of teachers and students, a culture of speaking English at school, regular attendance of classes by teachers, the principal's purposeful leadership and decisiveness in maintaining order and discipline, and student selectivity to ensure that good students are selected at entry levels.	Academic Performance; Admission Policy; Effectiveness; Efficiency	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33645290505	School performance of Nigerian adolescents with epilepsy	Adewuya A.O., Oseni S.B.A., Okeniyi J.A.O.	2006	Epilepsia	47	2	10.1111/j.1528-1167.2006.00437.x	Department of Mental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Wesley Guild Hospital, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun Stat	Adewuya, A.O., Department of Mental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Wesley Guild Hospital, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria, Department of Mental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Wesley Guild Hospital, Ilesa 233001, Osun State, Nigeria; Oseni, S.B.A., Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria; Okeniyi, J.A.O., Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria	Purpose: The study assessed the school performance of Nigerian adolescents with epilepsy compared with healthy controls and examined the variables correlating with their academic difficulties. Methods: The school grades of adolescents with epilepsy aged 12 to 18 years (n = 73) over the past academic year were compared with the grades of their classmates of the same age and gender. Risk factors possibly associated with school performance, such as adolescent variables (age, gender, perceived stigma, attitude toward epilepsy, and psychopathology), seizure variables (age at onset of illness, years of illness, types of seizures, and frequency of seizures per month), drug variables [types of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), number of AEDs and side effects of AEDs], and family variables (family's socioeconomic status, family functioning, caretakers' psychopathology, and caretakers' perceived stigma) were assessed. Results: The mean school grades of adolescents with epilepsy are significantly lower than are those of their healthy controls (p < 0.001) in all the subjects. The variables that significantly predict poor school performance in adolescents with epilepsy include psychopathology in the caretaker (p < 0.001), adolescents' perceived poor family functioning (p = 0.002), adolescents' attitude toward the illness (p = 0.001), adolescents' felt stigma (p = 0.002), externalizing symptoms in the adolescents (p = 0.004), and duration of illness (p = 0.024). Conclusions: The determinants of poor school performance in adolescents with epilepsy in Nigeria are multivariate, with psychosocial factors most important. These should be noted for early identification and screening of those children at greatest risk for academic failure and the greatest need for appropriate educational remediation services. © 2006 International League Against Epilepsy.	Academic performance; Adolescents; Childhood; Cross-cultural; Epilepsy; Psychopathology; Risk factors	anticonvulsive agent; carbamazepine; phenytoin; valproic acid; academic achievement; adolescent; adult; age distribution; anticonvulsant therapy; article; caregiver; comparative study; controlled study; correlation analysis; disease classification; disease duration; epilepsy; family life; female; groups by age; human; major clinical study; male; mental disease; morbidity; Nigeria; onset age; patient attitude; priority journal; risk factor; school child; sex difference; social psychology; social status; unspecified side effect; Achievement; Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; African Continental Ancestry Group; Age Factors; Anticonvulsants; Attitude to Health; Caregivers; Child; Epilepsy; Female; Health Status; Humans; Learning Disorders; Male; Mental Disorders; Nigeria; Risk Factors; Sex Factors; Stereotyping; Students	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955909023	Factors contributing to the academic performance of students in a private university in Kenya: A case of Daystar university	Karimi F.K.	2010	International Journal of Learning	17	8	None	Commission for Higher Education in Kenya, Kenya	Karimi, F.K., Commission for Higher Education in Kenya, Kenya	There are student-related factors that significantly contribute to the academic performance of undergraduate students in the universities. This study aimed at identifying the factors that contribute to the academic performance of undergraduate students in the universities, using Daystar University as a case. The study also sought to establish the perception of students on the factors that contribute to their academic performance in the university. The study employed both descriptive and path analyses in establishing the factors that contribute to the academic performance of students in the university. Students' final high school grade, English Language proficiency, self-regulatory learning strategies and extrinsic goal orientation were observed to have direct effects on the academic performance of the students in the university. On the other hand, self efficacy, locus of control, intrinsic goal orientations and personality traits were observed to have indirect effects on the academic performance of students in the university. Most of the students perceived the self-regulatory learning strategies to be the greatest determinant of their academic performance in the university. There is need for students as well as their mentors to promote the positive contributors while discouraging the negative ones while enhancing the students academic performance in the university. Transitional issues from high school to tertiary level of education should not be overlooked as a factor contributing to the academic performance of students in the university. Further research is required on the external factors that contribute to the academic performance of students in the university. A replica of the same study in other universities within the country was also deemed necessary. © Common Ground, Florah K. Karimi.	Academic performance; Age; Attitudes; English language proficiency; Goal-orientations; Personality traits; Prior high school grade; Self-regulatory learning strategies; Undergraduate students	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84873470588	Home influences on the academic performance of agricultural science students in Ikwuano Local Government Area of Abia State, Nigeria	Ndirika M.C., Njoku U.J.	2012	Research in Education	88	1	10.7227/RIE.88.1.7	Department of Agricultural Education, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria	Ndirika, M.C., Department of Agricultural Education, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria; Njoku, U.J., Department of Agricultural Education, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria	This study was conducted to investigate the home influences on the academic performance of agricultural science secondary school students in Ikwuano Local Government Area of Abia State. The instrument used in data collection was a validated questionnaire structured on a two point rating scale. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 150 students from nine secondary schools. The data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics: frequency and mean to investigate the influence of students' participation in practical agriculture at home, students' engagement in extra lessons, parental influence and parents' motivation to their children. Results indicated that involvement in practical agriculture at home, having extra lessons at home, having a reading timetable and enough textbooks, parents checking of their children's school work, prompt payment of school fees and intact family positively affect the academic performance of agricultural science students. Recommendations were made among which is the need for students to be involved in extra lessons at home and in practical agriculture. © Manchester University Press.	Academic performance; Agriculture; Home; Influence; Science	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84907287486	Effective leadership conducive to generation of academic performance in Schools	Shonubi O.K.	2014	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	5	20	10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n20p1868	Department of Education Leadership and Management, University of Johannesburg, South Africa	Shonubi, O.K., Department of Education Leadership and Management, University of Johannesburg, South Africa	The purpose of this paper was to understand and compare two schools in relation to how effective leadership functions (instructional and transformational leadership) may have been utilized to arrive at differential academic outputs in schools. Towards this end, an exceptionally performing and under-performing school was chosen from within the same socio-economic context with a view to understand how instructional and transformational leadership could result in generating optimal academic performance. These selected schools are government owned and thus, receive similar treatment in terms of funding, control, commitment, management and control, etc. Therefore a major research question: How do selected leadership functions bring about generation of differential student’s exceptional academic performance in schools? Utilizing the qualitative research approach, data was collected from internal key role players (otherwise referred to School Leadership Team [SLT]) from two selected schools: one exceptional performing and the other, underperforming. Participants in the study are; Principals, Viceprincipals and Heads of Department (HODs) from the two schools. I utilised one-on-one semi-structured interview, observations and document review to obtain rich data towards providing answers to the puzzle of the study. Findings among others indicate that monitoring, modelling, and internally funded training and development of teachers, ensured effective instructional delivery and up-date of knowledge in the teaching skills; and subject knowledge update of teachers in the exceptionally performing school, which impacted on student’s performance in the exceptionally performing school, compared to the exceptionally underperforming school. © MCSER-Mediterranean Center of Social and Educational Research.	Academic performance; and input and output variables; Exceptional performing and underperforming; Instructional leadership; Transformational leadership	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84863796414	Prevalence of malnutrition and its effects on the academic performance of students in some selected secondary schools in Sokoto metropolis	Essien E., Haruna M.J., Emebu P.K.	2012	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	11	7	None	Department of Community Medicine, Nutrition and Dietetic Unit, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, P.M.B. 5252, Sokoto, Nigeria; Shehu Shagari College of Education, Sokoto, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokot	Essien, E., Department of Community Medicine, Nutrition and Dietetic Unit, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, P.M.B. 5252, Sokoto, Nigeria; Haruna, M.J., Shehu Shagari College of Education, Sokoto, Nigeria; Emebu, P.K., Department of Biochemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria	This study investigated the prevalence of malnutrition and its effect on the academic performance of students in some selected secondary schools in Sokoto metropolis of Sokoto State, Nigeria. The study population was drawn from secondary school students attending Federal Government College and State Government-owned schools. Well tested and validated questionnaires were used to elicit information from the students. Purposive sampling technique was used for the selection of respondents. The selected schools were: Federal Government College (FGC), Sani Dingyadi Secondary School (SDUSS), Nagarta Secondary School (NSS) and Army Day Secondary School (ADSS). A total of two hundred and forty (240) secondary school students comprising 168 males (70%) and 72 females (30%) participated in the study. The result revealed a high prevalence of malnutrition of 35.4% among the selected secondary school students, using BMI as index. Prevalence of malnutrition was significantly higher in SDUSS (43.3%) followed by NCS (35%), ADSS (33.3%) and FGCS (30%). The study recorded a total mean performance score of 44.3% for all the selected schools. There was significant difference (p<0.05) in the mean performance score of the secondary school students. Students of FGCS recorded the highest mean score of 60.3% which was significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of the other selected schools. SDUSS had the lowest mean performance score of 29.6%. Malnutrition was negatively and significantly related with the academic performance (r = -0.154, p<0.01). It was further observed that SDUSS with the highest prevalence of malnutrition has the poorest performance, while FGC with the least prevalence of malnutrition had the best academic performance. Hence, activities to reduce the prevalence of malnutrition should be encouraged. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2012.	Academic performance; Anthropometry; Malnutrition; Nutritional status; Secondary school	academic achievement; adolescent; adult; article; body mass; child; female; high school; high school student; human; major clinical study; male; malnutrition; Nigeria; nutritional status; prevalence; questionnaire; sampling; school child; scoring system	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84937402478	Parental involvement, parenting style, secondary school student attitude towards schooling and academic performance in Kenya	Njagi S.N., Migosi J.A., Mwania J.M.	2014	International Journal of Education Economics and Development	5	2	10.1504/IJEED.2014.061453	Rwika Technical Training Institute, Maasai Mara University, P.O. Box 1264, Embu, Kenya; Department of Education, Administration and Planning, South Eastern Kenya University, P.O. Box 170, Kitui, Kenya; Kitui Town Campus, South Eastern Kenya University, P.O. Box 170, Kitui, Kenya	Njagi, S.N., Rwika Technical Training Institute, Maasai Mara University, P.O. Box 1264, Embu, Kenya; Migosi, J.A., Department of Education, Administration and Planning, South Eastern Kenya University, P.O. Box 170, Kitui, Kenya; Mwania, J.M., Kitui Town Campus, South Eastern Kenya University, P.O. Box 170, Kitui, Kenya	The study sought to find the relationship between parental involvement, parenting style, student's attitude towards school and academic performance. A correlational survey research design was used. Cronbach's alpha (α) for questionnaires from pilot study indicated that, parental involvement α = 0.7, authoritarian parenting α = 0.6, authoritative style α = 0.8, permissive parenting style α = 0.6 and attitude towards school had α = 0.6. Pearson correlation test on data from a sample of 200 students (100 girls and 100 boys) from public secondary schools in Embu North District, showed, parental involvement had positive significant relationship with both students attitude towards school and academic performance, authoritarian style had negative insignificant correlation with attitude towards school, but had significant negative correlation with academic performance, permissive parenting style had negative significant correlation with both attitude towards school and academic performance while attitude towards had positive significant relationship with academic achievement. There is need for parents to be sensitised on parenting. Copyright © 2014 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.	Academic performance; Attitudes towards school ATS; Kenya; Parental involvement; Parenting style; PS	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892568639	Personality characteristics as predictors of academic performance of secondary school students	Akomolafe M.J.	2013	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	4	2	10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n2p657	Department of Guidance and Counselling, Adekunle Ajasin University, P.M.B 001, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria	Akomolafe, M.J., Department of Guidance and Counselling, Adekunle Ajasin University, P.M.B 001, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria	The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of personality characteristics to academic performance of secondary school students. The correlational type of descriptive reseach design was used for the study. Three hundred and ninety eight students constituted the study's sample. Both the independent and dependent variables were measured with relevant standardized instruments. Two research questions were answered in the study. Findings showed that personality dimentions jointly and relatively predicted academic performance except neuroticism. The findings imply that teachers should construct learning environments that take into consideration students' individual differences and strengths. Appropriate counselling interventions should be used to assist students experiencing worry, anxiety, frustration and stress to deal with their concerns.	Academic performance; Big Five; Personality; Personality characteristic	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892560238	E-learning's impact on the academic performance of student-teachers: A curriculum lens	Lumadi M.W.	2013	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	4	14	10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n14p695	Department of Curriculum and Instructional Studies, College of Education, University of South Africa, South Africa	Lumadi, M.W., Department of Curriculum and Instructional Studies, College of Education, University of South Africa, South Africa	This study was planned to explore the impact of eLearning on the academic performance of student-teachers. The researchers' concern with e-Learning was sanctioned by the need for a teaching and learning strategy that can help institutions of learning address their problems and improve on their outcome. In this respect, the researchers conducted an experiment to find out whether student-teachers taught using the method of e-Learning (blended learning) perform better than studentteachers taught using the traditional method of teaching and learning. Findings offers new evidence that e-Learning has a significant influence on the performance of students as student-teachers taught using eLearning consistently performed better than student-teachers taught using the traditional method. Based on this result, recommendations are made to training institutions to embrace ICTs and become more flexible by adopting learning approaches that are dynamic and multidimensional as problems in education are becoming more complex.	Academic performance; Blended Learning; Competences; E-Learning	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84872252674	The effect of dietary pattern and body mass index on the academic performance of in-school adolescents	Ogunsile S.E.	2012	International Education Studies	5	6	10.5539/ies.v5n6p65	Department of Human Kinetics and Health Education, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria	Ogunsile, S.E., Department of Human Kinetics and Health Education, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria	The main objective of this study was to determine the effects of dietary pattern and body mass index on the academic performance of in-school adolescents in Ekiti State. One hundred and twenty eight students (10-19 years) selected from three senior secondary schools in Ekiti State Nigeria, formed the participants for this study. Questionnaire was the instrument for data collection and the data were subjected to descriptive and inferential statistics (bivariate Pearson correlation analysis and linear regression) using Spss version 12 at 0.05 level of significance. Findings of this study showed that of all the adolescents, only 16.4%, 14.1%, 7.0%, 16.4% and 10.2% followed a healthy dietary pattern of regular intake of breakfast, three square meals, milk, fruits and vegetables respectively. 50%, 38.3% and 45.3% followed an unhealthy dietary pattern of regular intake of sweets, chewing gum and soft drinks. With regards to body mass index and academic performance, less than 40% of the respondents were of normal weight and only half of the respondents had good academic performance. Body mass index, breakfast consumption, eating three square meals and regular intake of fruits and vegetables all had significant effects (P <0.05) on the academic performance of adolescents. Also, there was a significant joint effect of body mass index and healthy dietary pattern on the academic performance of these adolescents. Parents and school authorities should make all efforts to ensure healthy dietary pattern among adolescents so as to enhance their academic performance.	Academic performance; Body mass index; Dietary pattern; In-school adolescent	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84860877339	Business studies academic performance differences of secondary school juniors in Akwa Ibom State of Nigeria	Udoukpong B.E., Emah I.E., Umoren S.E.	2012	International Education Studies	5	2	10.5539/ies.v5n2p35	Department of Educational Foundations Guidance and Counselling, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria; Department of Curriculum Studies Educational Management and Planning, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria; Government Technical College, Uyo, Nigeria	Udoukpong, B.E., Department of Educational Foundations Guidance and Counselling, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria; Emah, I.E., Department of Curriculum Studies Educational Management and Planning, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria; Umoren, S.E., Government Technical College, Uyo, Nigeria	The research examined the differences in the academic performance in Business Studies of a sampled secondary school junior students in Akwa Ibom State of Nigeria. A sample of 290 (138 male and 152 female) Junior Secondary Three (9 th grade) students was surveyed. The students' variables' being examined vis-à-vis academic performance in Business Studies were: 1) gender and 2) self-concept. Students' academic performance in Business Studies differed significantly on the basis of gender and self-concept. Implications for students' personal variables considerations in the teaching-learning of Business Studies are suggested.	Academic performance; Business studies; Gender; Self-concept	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84904136808	Do learning styles influence students' understanding of concepts and academic performance in chemistry?	Kidanemariam D.A., Atagana H.I., Engida T.	2014	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	5	16	10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n16p256	Institute of Education, Debre Berhan University, Ethiopia; Institute for Science and Technology Education, University of South Africa, P.O. Box 392, UNISA 0003, Pretoria, South Africa; Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia	Kidanemariam, D.A., Institute of Education, Debre Berhan University, Ethiopia; Atagana, H.I., Institute for Science and Technology Education, University of South Africa, P.O. Box 392, UNISA 0003, Pretoria, South Africa; Engida, T., Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia	Learning styles and instruction have been reported to affect students' academic performance and achievement in science. These reports, however, are too generalized for application to chemistry education specifically. The reports did not take into consideration the combined effects of the nature of chemistry and students learning styles on chemistry instructions and subsequently on students' academic performance. This study was conducted on 167 grade 11 natural science students in two preparatory schools in Ethiopia. It was designed to predict the extent of variation in academic performance in some fundamental chemistry concepts in the topics: Atomic structure & periodic table, and chemical bonding and structure from variations in Felder-Silverman's learning styles. Data were collected through Amharic version of Felder-Soloman's Index of Learning Style (ILS) questionnaire and chemistry tests. The data showed that 1.2% variation in academic performance in the fundamental concepts in chemistry was linked to the variations in Felder-Silverman's learning styles, and this variation was not statistically significant at α=0.05. This implies that the role of learning styles on academic performance on the fundamental concepts considered in this study was not statistically significant. Hence, from this study it is possible to conclude that the influence of learning styles on academic performance is less likely to be the same across fundamental concepts in chemistry.	Academic performance; Chemistry concepts; Chemistry education; Learning styles	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-36949001095	Do working children have worse academic performance?	Fetuga M.B., Njokanma O.F., Ogunlesi T.A.	2007	Indian Journal of Pediatrics	74	10	10.1007/s12098-007-0172-1	Department of Paediatrics, Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital Sagamu, Nigeria; Department of Paediatrics, Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital Sagamu, P.O. Box 358, Sagamu 121001, Nigeria	Fetuga, M.B., Department of Paediatrics, Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital Sagamu, Nigeria, Department of Paediatrics, Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital Sagamu, P.O. Box 358, Sagamu 121001, Nigeria; Njokanma, O.F., Department of Paediatrics, Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital Sagamu, Nigeria; Ogunlesi, T.A., Department of Paediatrics, Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital Sagamu, Nigeria	Objective. To examine the effect of child labor on school children's academic performance. Methods. Primary school children engaged in child labor were compared with age, sex and school-matched controls for absence from school and scores obtained at sessional examination in English language, Mathematics, Sciences and Social studies. Results. There was no significant difference in the mean rate of school absence (p = 0.80), mean aggregate examination scores (p = 0.1) and proportion of class repeaters (p = 0.16) among working school children and the controls. However, a significantly higher proportion of the controls had high (>75%) average examination scores compared with the working school children (p = 0.017). Similarly, the controls performed better than working school childre nin each of four core subjects but significant differences were observed only in Social Studies and Science (p = 0.006 and 0.001 respectively). Conclusion. There is some undermining of academic performance among children who combine schooling with child labor despite comparable school absence with the controls. © 2007 Dr. K C Chaudhuri Foundation.	Academic performance; Child labor	academic achievement; article; child; controlled study; human; job performance; major clinical study; primary school; Absenteeism; Chi-Square Distribution; Child; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Developing Countries; Educational Status; Employment; Female; Humans; Male; Nigeria; Underachievement	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79551651319	Impact of birth weight on the nutritional status and academic performance of school age children	Odenigbo U.M., Nkwoala C.C., Okpala O.C.	2010	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	9	12	10.3923/pjn.2010.1157.1161	Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Michael Okpala University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria	Odenigbo, U.M., Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Michael Okpala University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria; Nkwoala, C.C., Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Michael Okpala University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria; Okpala, O.C., Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Michael Okpala University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria	This study compared the nutritional status and academic performance of Low Birth Weight (LBW) and Normal Birth Weight (NBW) school-aged population in Nigeria. A total of 119 subjects were involved in this study from a purposely selected one rural and one urban school in Abia state. Pre tested and validated questionnaires were used in data collection. Academic performance was obtained from their school records, while birth weights and ages were obtained from health/immunization cards. SPSS version 15.0 was used for data analysis. The subjects comprised of 57.1% males and 42.9% females, of 9-12 years old. Low prevalence (14.3%) of LBW was found. All three indicators used for nutritional status assessment (weight for age; height for age; BMI) showed more than 50% of study population as having normal nutritional status (96.64, 74.79 and 63.03% respectively). Stunting was 10.08%, overweight 2.52% and 6.72%, while obesity was 0.84%. This study revealed a significant (p<0.05) influence of birth weight on nutritional status with the use of BMI and weight for age indicators. The only child found underweight (<-2SD weight for age) had a LBW. The NBW group had higher percent of normal nutritional status than LBW group (Weight for age: 98.04% Vs 88.24%, BMI 65.69% Vs 47.06%). Stunted was found among 11.77% of the LBW and 9.80% of NBW groups (p>0.05). The subjects' birth weight had no significant (p>0.05) influence on their academic performance. The findings of this study emphasize more attention to children born with LBW for improvement in their growth and academic performance. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2010.	Academic performance; Children; LBW; Nutritional status	academic achievement; article; body height; body mass; body weight; child; child nutrition; controlled study; female; human; low birth weight; male; Nigeria; nutritional assessment; nutritional status; obesity; questionnaire; school child; stunting	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84866619901	Impact of clicker technology in a mathematics course	Simelane S., Skhosana P.M.	2012	Knowledge Management and E-Learning	4	3	None	Department of Teaching and Learning with Technology, Higher Education and Support, Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa	Simelane, S., Department of Teaching and Learning with Technology, Higher Education and Support, Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa; Skhosana, P.M., Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa	This article reports on the implementation of clickers to improve the success rate of first-year mathematics students. There were 105 students registered in this course, in a university of technology in South Africa. In order to do this, an orientation test in the form of a paper-based assessment was first conducted to determine what students already knew. About 21.9% of the students did not take the test and 20% did not pass it. These results raised concerned. Thereafter students were taught. After four weeks they were evaluated on their understanding of the concept taught in class. Results did not improve much, as 48.6% of the students did not pass the test. Therefore, a technology-engagement teaching strategy (TETS) using clicker technology was developed and implemented in order to improve the pass rate. Weekly continuous assessments or diagnostic tests were conducted in order to establish the changes in students' academic performance. A survey questionnaire was administered after the teaching and learning of incorporating clickers. This questionnaire also examined students' perspective on the usefulness of clickers in teaching and learning. The results showed that the effective implementation of clickers with the integration of a TETS improved students' success rate.	Academic performance; Clickers; Technology-engagement teaching strategy	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84919846414	The impact of interactive engagement methods on students' academic achievement	Tlhoaele M., Hofman A., Winnips K., Beetsma Y.	2014	Higher Education Research and Development	33	5	10.1080/07294360.2014.890571	Teaching and Learning with Technology, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa; Centre for Learning and Teaching, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands	Tlhoaele, M., Teaching and Learning with Technology, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa; Hofman, A., Centre for Learning and Teaching, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands; Winnips, K., Centre for Learning and Teaching, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands; Beetsma, Y., Centre for Learning and Teaching, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands	Interactive engagement (IE) is a process that promotes students' conceptual understanding through activities, combined with immediate feedback from peers and/or instructors. The present study investigates the impact of IE on students' academic performance, using the comprehensive model of educational effectiveness. Engineering students (n = 158), randomly divided into three groups (self-assessment, collaborative learning, and control) provided the study data on questionnaires as well as with their test scores. Analyses of covariance reveal significant differences across groups, along with significant interaction effects. These findings have notable implications for improving students' academic achievement. © 2014, © 2014 HERDSA.	academic performance; collaborative learning; interactive engagement; self-assessment	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77955156143	Effect of constructivist-based teaching strategy on academic performance of students in integrated science at the junior secondary school level	Bimbola O., Daniel O.I.	2010	Educational Research and Reviews	5	7	None	Department of Curriculum Studies and Instructional Technology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria; Biological Sciences Department, College of Science and Information Technology, Tai Solarin University of Education, Ijebu-Ode, Ogun State, Nige	Bimbola, O., Department of Curriculum Studies and Instructional Technology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria; Daniel, O.I., Biological Sciences Department, College of Science and Information Technology, Tai Solarin University of Education, Ijebu-Ode, Ogun State, Nigeria	Integrated science plays vital role in Nigerian science education programme because it prepares pupils at the Junior Secondary School level for the study of core science subjects at the Senior Secondary School level which in turn brings about students' interest in science oriented courses at the tertiary institutions. Despite government's efforts to encourage science teaching and learning among Nigerian students right from the Junior Secondary School level, the enrolment of students in core science subjects and science oriented courses at the Senior Secondary School level and tertiary institutions level respectively, is not encouraging. This is as a result of Junior Secondary School students' negative attitude towards integrated science. Research reports indicate that this negative attitude was caused, majorly, by teachers' conventional (lecture) method of teaching integrated science. Research reports on the effectiveness of constructivist-based teaching strategy revealed that the strategy enhanced students' academic performance. In view of this, this study examines the effectiveness of constructivist-based teaching strategy on academic performance in integrated science by Junior Secondary School students in South-West Nigeria. Quasi-experimental research design was used to achieve the purpose of this study. Participants were 120 Junior Secondary School Students randomly selected from four out of the 25 co-educational Junior Secondary Schools in Ijebu-ode local government area of ogun state, South-west Nigeria. Findings revealed that the constructivist instructed students had higher scores on the post test and the delayed post test, compared to those exposed to conventional (lecture) method of teaching. We concluded that if integrated science teachers could incorporate constructivist-based teaching strategy into their teaching methods, there would be an improvement in academic performance of Junior Secondary School Students in integrated science. The researchers recommended that integrated science teachers should incorporate constructivist-based teaching strategy in their methods of teaching. © 2010 Academic Journals.	Academic performance; Constructivism; Conventional (lecture); Integrated science; Junior secondary school III students; Nigeria	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879999017	Continuous assessment, mock results and gender as predictors of academic performance of chemistry students in WASSCE and NECO examinations in Ekiti state	Adesoji F.A., Kenni A.M.	2013	International Education Studies	6	7	10.5539/ies.v6n7p1	Department of Teacher Education, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, College of Education, Ikere Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria	Adesoji, F.A., Department of Teacher Education, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Kenni, A.M., Department of Chemistry, College of Education, Ikere Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria	Education is one of the fundamental and critical indices of development in a nation or an individual. The challenges post by our fast changing and dynamic world informed the need to constantly access the educational process so as to guarantee quality of educational assessment; several factors have been identified to be responsible for students' poor performance in chemistry at the secondary school level. One of these factors could be modes of assessment. This paper, therefore investigated Continuous Assessment, Mock results and gender as predictors of academic performance in WASSCE and NECO Examinations. The study adopted a survey research design of the ex-post facto type. The sample comprised 892 senior secondary school III drawn fromthe secondary schools in Ikere local government area of Ekiti state. Three research questions were answered in the study. Data were analysed using multiple regression statistic. The results showed that 41.3% of the total variance in chemistry students, performance in WASCE results is accounted for by mock results, continuous assessment and gender (adjusted R2 = 0.413). And 0.7% of the total variance in chemistry students, performance in NECO examination results is accounted for by three factors (continuous assessment, mock results and gender) (R2 =0.007%).the three factors made significance relative contribution to chemistry students' academic performance in WASCE; continuous assessment (β= 0.282, p= 0.05&lt;), mock results (β=0.396, p=&lt;0.05) and gender (β=0.078, P=&lt;0.05) while the contribution to performance in NECO examination is not significance. Mock result made the greatest contributions to chemistry students academics performance in NECO (β=0.070, p=&lt;0.05) followed by continuous assessment (β=0.066, P=&lt;0.05) and gender (β= 0.061, p=&lt;0.05). Gender has significant influence on chemistry students' academic performance in WASSCE (β=0.078, p&lt;0.05) while it has little or no influence on chemistry students' performance in NECO (β=0.061, p&lt;0.05). That is, the three variables could be used to predict chemistry students' academic performance. It is recommended among others that school authority should ensure that only students whose performance in continuous assessment and mock examination is encouraging are allowed to register for either WASSCE or NECO examinations.Also, both internal and external assessment should be done without gender bias.	Academic performance; Continuous assessment; Gender; Mock results	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84916594942	Health behaviour and self-reported academic performance among university students: An international study	Peltzer K., Pengpid S.	2014	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	5	27	10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n27p998	ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Madidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhonpathom, Thailand; University of Limpopo, Turfloop Campus, Sovenga, South Africa; HIV/AIDS/STIs/and TB (HAST), Human Sciences Research Council, Private Bag X41, Pretoria, South Africa	Peltzer, K., ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Madidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhonpathom, Thailand, University of Limpopo, Turfloop Campus, Sovenga, South Africa, HIV/AIDS/STIs/and TB (HAST), Human Sciences Research Council, Private Bag X41, Pretoria, South Africa; Pengpid, S., ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Madidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhonpathom, Thailand, University of Limpopo, Turfloop Campus, Sovenga, South Africa	The aim of this study was to investigate health correlates of academic performance among university students from 26 low and middle income and emerging economy countries. Using anonymous questionnaires, data were collected from 20222 university students, 41.5% men and 58.5% women, with a mean age of 20.8 years (SD=2.8), from 26 countries across Africa, Asia and Americas. Overall, 28.4% reported excellent or very good, 65.5% good or satisfactory and 6.2% not satisfactory academic performance. Multivariate linear regression found that that sociodemographic factors (younger age, coming from a wealthier family background, lack of social support and high intrinsic religiosity), health behaviours (trying to eat fibre, avoiding fat and cholesterol, high levels of physical activity, no illicit drug use, not drinking and driving), and better mental health (no severe sleep problem and no moderate or severe depression) were associated self-reported academic performance. Several clustering health behaviours were identified which can be utilized in public health interventions. © 2014, Mediterranean Center of Social and Educational Research. All rights reserved.	Academic performance; Correlates; Multi-country; University students	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930346162	Factors affecting the academic performance of optometry students in Mozambique	Shah K., Naidoo K., Bilotto L., Loughman J.	2015	Optometry and Vision Science	92	6	10.1097/OPX.0000000000000606	Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland; Brien Holden Vision Institute, Durban, South Africa; African Vision Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Optometry Department, Dublin Institute of Technology, 19A Kevin Street, Dublin 8, Ireland	Shah, K., Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland, Optometry Department, Dublin Institute of Technology, 19A Kevin Street, Dublin 8, Ireland; Naidoo, K., Brien Holden Vision Institute, Durban, South Africa, African Vision Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Bilotto, L., Brien Holden Vision Institute, Durban, South Africa; Loughman, J., Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland, African Vision Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa	Purpose. The Mozambique Eyecare Project is a higher education partnership for the development, implementation, and evaluation of a model of optometry training at UniLúrio in Mozambique. There are many composite elements to the development of sustainable eye health structures, and appropriate education for eye health workers remains a key determinant of successful eye care development. However, from the first intake of 16 students, only 9 students graduated from the program, whereas only 6 graduated from the second intake of 24 students. This low graduation rate is attributable to a combination of substandard academic performance and student dropout. The aim of this article was to identify factors affecting the academic performance of optometry students in Mozambique. Methods. Nine lecturers (the entire faculty) and 15 students (9 from the first intake and 6 from the second) were recruited to the study. Clinical competency assessments were carried out on the students, semistructured individual interviews were conducted with the course lecturers, and a course evaluation questionnaire was completed by students. The results were combined to understand the complexities surrounding the optometry student training and performance. Results. One student out of nine from the first intake and three students out of six from the second were graded as competent in all the elements of the refraction clinical competency examination. Analysis of data from the interviews and questionnaire yielded four dominant themes that were viewed as important determinants of student refraction competencies: student learning context, teaching context, clinic conditions and assessment, and the existing operating health care context. Conclusions. The evaluations have helped the university and course partners to better structure the teaching and adapt the learning environments by recommending a preparatory year and a review of the curriculum and clinic structure, implementing more transparent entry requirements, increasing awareness of the program, and improving Internet infrastructure. Copyright © 2015 American Academy of Optometry.	academic performance; course evaluation questionnaire; learning context; lecturer interviews; Mozambique; optometry students; teaching context	Computer aided instruction; Curricula; Education; Education computing; Optometers; Refraction; Surveys; Teaching; Vision; Academic performance; Course evaluations; Learning context; lecturer interviews; Mozambique; Students; clinical competence; curriculum; education; female; human; middle aged; Mozambique; optometry; questionnaire; standards; teaching; Clinical Competence; Curriculum; Educational Measurement; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Mozambique; Optometry; Questionnaires; Teaching	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-42549157498	Effects of night-reading on daytime sleepiness, sleep quality and academic performance of undergraduate pharmacy students in Nigeria	Adeosun S.O., Asa S.O., Babalola O.O., Akanmu M.A.	2008	Sleep and Biological Rhythms	6	2	10.1111/j.1479-8425.2008.00338.x	Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220-005 Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Demography and Social Statistics, Faculty of Social Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220-005 Osun State, Nigeria; D	Adeosun, S.O., Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220-005 Osun State, Nigeria; Asa, S.O., Department of Demography and Social Statistics, Faculty of Social Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220-005 Osun State, Nigeria; Babalola, O.O., Department of Clinical Pharmacy Pharmacy Administration, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220-005 Osun State, Nigeria; Akanmu, M.A., Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220-005 Osun State, Nigeria	We evaluated the impact of night reading on daytime sleepiness, quality of sleep and performance of student. Pharmacy students (N = 253, 71.5% response rate) completed a sleep and study lifestyle questionnaire, the Pittsburgh sleep quality index and the Epworth sleepiness scale questionnaires, and their grade indices (were obtained. The results showed that the prevalence of night reading was 76.7% and there was a significant (P < 0.05) association between night reading and sleep quality, and also between sleep quality and academic performance. Thus, habitual night reading may affect academic performance, possibly due to the reduced sleep and poor sleep quality of habitual night readers. © 2008 The Authors Journal compilation © 2008 Japanese Society of Sleep Research.	Academic performance; Daytime sleepiness; PSQI; Sleep education; Sleep quality	academic achievement; adolescent; adult; article; controlled study; daytime somnolence; Epworth sleepiness scale; female; human; human experiment; lifestyle; male; Nigeria; night; normal human; pharmacy student; prevalence; priority journal; questionnaire; reading; scoring system; sex difference; sleep; sleep time	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960109170	Socio-demographic variables and distance learners' academic performance at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria	Oladejo M.A., Nelson Adewole I.G.E., Fagunwa A.O., Arewa O.O.	2010	European Journal of Scientific Research	46	4	None	Federal College of Education (SP), Nigeria; Adeniran Ogunsanya College of Education, Nigeria	Oladejo, M.A., Federal College of Education (SP), Nigeria; Nelson Adewole, I.G.E., Adeniran Ogunsanya College of Education, Nigeria; Fagunwa, A.O., Federal College of Education (SP), Nigeria; Arewa, O.O., Federal College of Education (SP), Nigeria	The recognition of the importance of distance education in providing students with the best and most up-to-date educational resources available in addition to the traditional teaching methods that they receive has made several traditional Universities to rapidly transform themselves from single mode to dual mode Universities. With the growth and acceptance of distance education, it becomes critical to ensure the success of students in the programme. This study therefore provided a causal explanation of academic performance through the analysis of some students' socio-demographic variables at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria. The study adopted the descriptive research design of the 'ex-post facto' type. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 1500 participants while purposive sampling technique was adopted to select the University of Ibadan's Distance Learning Centre. Data were collected through self-designed questionnaire(r=.75). Two research questions were answered, while one hypothesis was tested at .05 level of significance. Regression analysis and t-test were employed for data analysis. Age and disability status made significant contributions to distance learners' academic performance. Gender has no significant difference on academic performance (t = .33, df =1488, P> 0.05). Students should pay serious attention to the selected factors, most importantly age and disability status. © EuroJournals Publishing, Inc. 2010.	Academic performance; Demographic variables; Distance learning; Social variables	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78649766739	Disability status and academic performance in a nigerian university: Instructional implications for inclusive distance education practice	Lagoke B.A., Komolafe M.D., Ige N.A., Oladejo M.A.	2010	European Journal of Social Sciences	17	3	None	Federal College of Education (sp), Nigeria; Adeniran Ogunsanya College of Education, Nigeria	Lagoke, B.A., Federal College of Education (sp), Nigeria; Komolafe, M.D., Federal College of Education (sp), Nigeria; Ige, N.A., Adeniran Ogunsanya College of Education, Nigeria; Oladejo, M.A., Federal College of Education (sp), Nigeria	The need for Inclusive distance education in order to ensure that both abled and non-abled persons are included in the educational provision has become imperative to guarantee access to equal educational opportunities. In recent time, the academic performance of nonabled students has been a source of concern to stakeholders in the field of distance education This study therefore, provided a causal explanation of academic performance through the analysis of students' disability status at the National Open University of Nigeria. The study adopted the descriptive research design of the 'ex-post facto' type. Stratified simple random sampling technique was used to select 1500 participants while purposive sampling technique was adopted to select the National Open University of Nigeria. Data were collected through questionnaire during the 2009 contact session. Two research questions and one hypothesis were answered and tested in the study. Pearson correlation, regression analysis and t-test were employed for data analysis. Students' disability status has significant contribution to academic performance. There was also a significant difference in students' academic performance based on disability status (t=2.39, df= 1488, P<0.05). Institutional providers should provide for adequate special support services and personnel for the exceptional students who may be disadvantaged in the programme.	Academic performance; Disability status; Distance education; Open university	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78651456579	Psychological Constructs and Academic Performance at the National Open University of Nigeria: Counseling and Planning Implications	Nelson Adewole I., Olajide Olawole A., Maruff Akinwale O., Akinola Gbadebo A.	2010	European Journal of Social Sciences	18	1	None	Adeniran Ogunsanya College of Education, Lagos, Nigeria; Federal College of Education (Special), Oyo, Nigeria	Nelson Adewole, I., Adeniran Ogunsanya College of Education, Lagos, Nigeria; Olajide Olawole, A., Federal College of Education (Special), Oyo, Nigeria; Maruff Akinwale, O., Adeniran Ogunsanya College of Education, Lagos, Nigeria; Akinola Gbadebo, A., Adeniran Ogunsanya College of Education, Lagos, Nigeria	The recognition of the importance of distance education in providing students with the best and most up-to-date educational resources available in addition to the traditional teaching methods that they receive has led to rapid transformation of several traditional Universities from single mode to dual mode ones. With the growth and acceptance of distance education, it is important to ensure the success of students in the programme. This study therefore aimed at providing a causal explanation of distance learners' academic performance through the analysis of some students' psychological variables.The descriptive research design of the 'ex-post facto' type was adopted for the study. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 1500 participants while purposive sampling technique was adopted to select the National Open University of Nigeria. Data were collected through three validated and reliable questionnaires. Two research questions were raised and answered with the aid of multiple regression analysis. The three psychological variables had joint contribution of 15.6% to academic performance. The order of importance of these variables to the prediction of academic performance is self-regulation, self-efficacy and self-concept respectively. Only self-regulations made significant contribution to academic performance. Students should endeavour to inculcate good selfregulations skills.	Academic performance; Distance learning; Psychological variables	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84898721705	Influence of home based factors on the academic performance of girl learners from poverty stricken families: A case of Zimbabwe	Chinyoka K., Naidu N.	2014	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	5	6 SPEC. ISSUE	10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n6p223	Great Zimbabwe University, Department of Educational Foundations, Zimbabwe; Department of Psychology of Education, University of South Africa (UNISA), College of Education, South Africa	Chinyoka, K., Great Zimbabwe University, Department of Educational Foundations, Zimbabwe; Naidu, N., Department of Psychology of Education, University of South Africa (UNISA), College of Education, South Africa	This article examines the home based factors that influence the academic performance of the girl child from poverty stricken households in Masvingo province, Zimbabwe. With the prevailing economic hardships faced by the majority of the people in Zimbabwe since 1990, the number of girl children living in poverty is continually increasing and it has become a growing issue. A qualitative phenomenological design was used incorporating focus group discussions, interviews and observations as data collection instruments with ten girl children, six parents and four teachers at two secondary schools, one rural and another urban in Masvingo province. The participants comprised girl students doing form three, their parents and also some of their teachers. The study is informed by Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory. This study established that the girl child's academic performance is affected by multiple contexts including family, home, neighbourhood and school. The study concluded that family income, parental level of education, gender, home circumstances, and family size influenced academic achievement of girls in secondary schools. The home circumstances of girls from poor backgrounds were observed to be not conducive to learning because of a lack of lighting, spending much time on domestic chores, having no desk or table to work at, or not having books at home. The girl learners also did not get basic needs met like food, sanitary pads and school fees. Recommendations are that the government should sensitize parents on the need and importance of supporting the education of girls and on the importance of providing for the needs of the girl child. Finally, every effort must be made to ensure that the affected children have stable, preferably home/family based care and adequate social support. Various policies and interventions can help to attenuate poverty's negative influence on child development.	Academic performance; Ecological; Girl child; Home-based; Phenomenological; Poverty	None	None
WoS	WOS:000261308200006	Improving success rates of first-year Economics students by means of a summer school programme - an evaluation	Horn, P. M.,Jansen, A. I.	2008	EDUCATION AS CHANGE	12	1	None	Stellenbosch University	"Horn, P. M.: Stellenbosch University","Jansen, A. I.: Stellenbosch University"	The high failure rate of first-year Economics students has become a concern at most South African universities. It affects the throughput of students and has financial implications for the institution as well as the students. At academic departmental level it may impact on the number of students who consider continuing their studies in Economics. At the beginning of 2007, Stellenbosch University (in the Western Cape, South Africa) launched a pilot summer school with the aim of improving students' learning outcomes and pass rates. Techniques used were geared towards actively involving the students in their own learning process. Various authors indicate the importance of active learning for student performance. This may include techniques such as in-class experiments and the writing of assignments. The case study presented in this paper investigates these techniques. The summer school programme combined traditional lectures and interactive learning approaches, primarily co-operative learning (through small tutorial sessions) and writing tasks, thereby ensuring active participation by students. The results achieved in the summer school (a pass rate of 89%) provide a justification to explore the success of this structured approach for future applications.	"ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE","Economics first-year students","Summer School","teaching and learning techniques",ATTENDANCE	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-64149113743	Tutorial classes - Why bother? An investigation into the impact of tutorials on the performance of economics students	Horn P.M., Jansen A.I.	2009	South African Journal of Economics	77	1	10.1111/j.1813-6982.2009.01194.x	Department of Economics, Stellenbosch University (SU), Stellenbosch, South Africa	Horn, P.M., Department of Economics, Stellenbosch University (SU), Stellenbosch, South Africa; Jansen, A.I., Department of Economics, Stellenbosch University (SU), Stellenbosch, South Africa	The deteriorating performance of first-year economics students has become a concern at many South African universities. Addressing the issue requires an understanding of the factors influencing students' success. Studies analysing academic performance use the education production function approach. This approach identifies inputs that are crucial to learning and to achieving certain outputs. Factors that have been investigated in other studies include the impact of lecture attendance on performance, school-leaving exam (matriculation) results, particularly performance in mathematics, and the gender and age of students. This study adds to existing local empirical research by analysing the impact of the tutorial programme as an input. The case study investigates the tutorial programme for first-year economics students at Stellenbosch University using quantitative analysis. Results confirm what previous studies have found, namely that lecture attendance, gender, and matriculation results contribute positively to the performance of first-year economics students. The main finding of the paper is that tutorial attendance also contributes positively to academic performance. © 2009 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2009 The Economic Society of South Africa.	Academic performance; Economics; First-year students; Tutorial programme	economics; education; learning; performance assessment; student; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84866560208	The influence of differences in social and cultural capital on students' expectations of achievement, on their performance, and on their learning practices in the first year at university	Dukhan S., Cameron A., Brenner E.A.	2012	International Journal of Learning	18	7	None	University of the Witwatersrand, Gauteng, South Africa	Dukhan, S., University of the Witwatersrand, Gauteng, South Africa; Cameron, A., University of the Witwatersrand, Gauteng, South Africa; Brenner, E.A., University of the Witwatersrand, Gauteng, South Africa	Even in post-Apartheid South Africa a legacy of inequality persists, since members of the wealthier sector, who generally have parents with a University education, are able to attend well resourced schools, while the majority of the population is forced (through economic circumstances) to attend under-resourced schools. Since access to tertiary education has increased, many individuals, who have attended under-resourced schools, are now able to attend University as "first generation" students whose parents have had no University experience. First and second generation students thus enter University having different expectations, learning practices and experiences which have been influenced, to a large extent, by their high school experiences. In addition, first generation students lack social and cultural capital which also influences their learning practices. This study compares the learning practices and academic performance of first and second generation students in a first year Biology course at Wits University. The influence of social and cultural capital on student academic performance is investigated. Students' expectations and experiences of their academic performance become more realistic as they go through first year but they experience great difficulty in trying to adjust their study methods to meet the expectations of the academic environment. As much as first generation students who have sibling experience of University have access to social capital, and therefore more realistic views on the academic requirements at University, they still do not perform any better than first generation students who have no sibling experience of University. In order for educational redress within South African democracy to be effective, it is important to understand the supportive measures that students may require in order to succeed at University. Furthermore, first generation students who have siblings that attended University have access to social capital, unlike those without this experience. This study examines the importance of social capital and cultural capital in the context of a Biology course at Wits University. © Common Ground, Shalini Dukhan, Ann Cameron, Elisabeth A. Brenner. .	Academic performance; First and second generation student; First-year university; Student expectation at university; Student university experience	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-65549150059	The self-concept and academic performance of institutionalized and non-institutionalized HIV/AIDS orphaned children in Kisumu municipality	Kimani Chege G., Cheboswony M., Kodero H.M., Misigo B.L.	2009	Educational Research and Reviews	4	3	None	Moi University, School of Education, P.O. Box 3900, 30100 Eldoret, Kenya	Kimani Chege, G., Moi University, School of Education, P.O. Box 3900, 30100 Eldoret, Kenya; Cheboswony, M., Moi University, School of Education, P.O. Box 3900, 30100 Eldoret, Kenya; Kodero, H.M., Moi University, School of Education, P.O. Box 3900, 30100 Eldoret, Kenya; Misigo, B.L., Moi University, School of Education, P.O. Box 3900, 30100 Eldoret, Kenya	The HIV/AIDS pandemic has increasingly become a major factor in the emergence of orphans in the developing countries. These orphans are usually traumatized due to the multiple losses, isolation, stigma and grief. The study sought to investigate the effect of institutionalization of children on the self-concept of the AIDS-orphaned children and to investigate the relationship between self-concept and academic performance of the AIDS-orphaned children. The ex-post-facto research design was adopted. A total of 138 orphaned pupils that is 67 boys and 71 girls participated in the study. The study was based on Rogers' (1951) theory on self-concept. Data was analyzed using the t - test and the correlation coefficient. The study found out that there was a difference in self-concept and academic performance between pupils orphaned by HIV/AIDS living in institutions and those living with extended families, guardian homes and in parental homes. The difference in self-concept was not significant but the institutionalized orphans performed better academically than those who are non-institutionalized. The study recommended that since stigma and discrimination is still very rampant in schools, children should be taught against such behaviors to avoid orphans feeling different, and they should be treated as ordinary children. This would enhance their self-concept and academic performance. © 2009 Academic Journals.	Academic performance; Institutionalization non-institutionalization; Selfconcept	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84900845582	Good quality sleep is associated with better academic performance among university students in Ethiopia	Lemma S., Berhane Y., Worku A., Gelaye B., Williams M.A.	2014	Sleep and Breathing	18	2	10.1007/s11325-013-0874-8	Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States	Lemma, S., Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Berhane, Y., Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Worku, A., School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Gelaye, B., Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Williams, M.A., Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States	Purpose: This study assessed the association of sleep quality with academic performance among university students in Ethiopia. Methods: This cross-sectional study of 2,173 college students (471 female and 1,672 male) was conducted in two universities in Ethiopia. Students were selected into the study using a multistage sampling procedure, and data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire. Sleep quality was assessed using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and academic performance was based on self-reported cumulative grade point average. The Student's "t" test, analysis of variance, and multiple linear regression were used to evaluate associations. Results: We found that students with better sleep quality score achieved better on their academic performance (P value=0.001), while sleep duration was not associated with academic performance in the final model. Conclusion: Our study underscores the importance of sleep quality on better academic performance. Future studies need to identify the possible factors which influence sleep quality other than the academic environment repeatedly reported by other literature. It is imperative to design and implement appropriate interventions to improve sleep quality in light of the current body of evidence to enhance academic success in the study setting. © 2013 Springer-Verlag.	Academic performance; Khat and students; Sleep quality	academic achievement; adult; analysis of variance; article; college student; cross-sectional study; Ethiopia; female; human; major clinical study; male; multiple linear regression analysis; Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; priority journal; self concept; sleep quality; sleep time; Student t test; university student; achievement; Catha; cultural factor; psychology; questionnaire; risk factor; sleep; statistics and numerical data; student; Substance-Related Disorders; young adult; Achievement; Catha; Cross-Cultural Comparison; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Questionnaires; Risk Factors; Sleep; Students; Substance-Related Disorders; Young Adult	T37-MD001449, NIH, National Institutes of Health
Scopus	2-s2.0-36348947933	The relationship between lecture attendance and academic performance in an undergraduate psychology class	Thatcher A., Fridjhon P., Cockcroft K.	2007	South African Journal of Psychology	37	3	None	Discipline of Psychology, School of Human and Community Development, University of the Witwatersrand, Witwatersrand WITS, 2050, South Africa; School of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Discipline of Psychology, School of Human and Community Development, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Thatcher, A., Discipline of Psychology, School of Human and Community Development, University of the Witwatersrand, Witwatersrand WITS, 2050, South Africa; Fridjhon, P., School of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Cockcroft, K., Discipline of Psychology, School of Human and Community Development, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	This article reports on a preliminary investigation into the impact of non-attendance at lectures on the performance of students in a second-year psychology class. Results suggest that the frequency of lecture attendance is significantly, but moderately, related to better academic performance and that 'always' attending lectures is the best indicator of academic performance. These results are discussed in relation to understanding lecture non-attendance and improving academic performance. © Psychological Society of South Africa. All rights reserved.	Academic performance; Lecture attendance; Teaching psychology; Undergraduate psychology classes	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77957606832	Motivational variables and academic performance of urban and rural secondary school students in Oyo state, Nigeria	Adepoju T.L.	2008	KEDI Journal of Educational Policy	5	2	None	Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria	Adepoju, T.L., Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria	This study examined the degree of relationship among motivational variables and academic performance of students in secondary school certificate examinations (SSCE) in Oyo State, Nigeria. A descriptive survey research design was adopted. 100 secondary schools and 1000 senior school students were selected using probability proportional to size and simple random sampling methods respectively. Data collected were analyzed using percentages, multiple regression and t-test statistics. The study showed among other thingsthat there was an enhanced relationship of each of the motivational variables in respect to academic performance with the provision of learning materials (X2) as the most predictor variable, followed by employment of private teachers (X3) and conducive school environment (X7), respectively. Suggestions were made to improve the performances of students in schools. © Korean Educational Development.	Academic performance; Motivational variables; Rural schools; School certificate; Urban schools	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84875002515	Impact of teachers' motivational indices on science students' academic performance in Nigerian Senior Secondary Schools	Oredein A., Awodun A.	2013	International Education Studies	6	2	10.5539/ies.v6n2p49	Department of Educational Management, Faculty of Education, Lead City University, Ibadan, Nigeria; College Of Education, Ikere-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria	Oredein, A., Department of Educational Management, Faculty of Education, Lead City University, Ibadan, Nigeria; Awodun, A., College Of Education, Ikere-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria	The impact of science teachers motivation on science students academic performance in Senior Secondary Schools in Ondo and Ekiti States of Nigeria was investigated in this study. This was a descriptive survey research which was questionnaire based and past WAEC O/L ((May/June 2008 and 2009) student results on the science subjects. The population of the study was all public Secondary Schools (science teachers and students) in Ekiti and Ondo States, Nigeria. A stratified random sampling was used to select a total of five hundred and ten (510) science teachers (male and female) from Ekiti and Ondo States from the selected schools for the study. And a total six thousand eight hundred (6,800) Science Students (male and female) from the selected schools was also considered in the study. In each of the school selected for the study, only teachers of Biology, Chemistry and Physics were involved in the sample and the students that registered and wrote Biology, Chemistry and Physics WAEC examination of May/June 2008 and 2009 in Ekiti and Ondo states of Nigeria. The data collected for the study were analyzed using descriptive analysis, Multiple Regression analysis and Pearson Product Moment Correlation. All the hypotheses were tested at 5 % level of significance. Among others, the study revealed that; there was significant relationship between regular payment of science teachers allowance and academic performance of science students; there was significant relationship between regular teachers participation in seminars/workshops and academic performance of science students. Also, there exist statistical significant relationship between granting of study leave with pay to science teachers and academic performance of science students. As a result of the findings, it was recommended that the adequate science allowance should be regularly paid to the science teachers to enhance their excellent performance.	Academic performance; Motivation; Science subjects; Science teachers allowance; Training and re-training	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84908312636	The moderating effect of self-motivation on the relationship between parent’s socio-economic background and children’s academic performance at Nigerian universities	Ekpe I., Adelaiye M.O., Adubasim E.I., Adim V.C.	2014	Asian Social Science	10	21	10.5539/ass.v10n21p73	Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Malaysia; Department of Business Administration and Management, Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria; Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Nigeria; Department of Management, University of Port-Harcourt, Nigeria	Ekpe, I., Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Malaysia; Adelaiye, M.O., Department of Business Administration and Management, Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria; Adubasim, E.I., Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Nigeria; Adim, V.C., Department of Management, University of Port-Harcourt, Nigeria	The purpose of this study is to examine the moderating effect of self-motivation on the relationship between parent’s socio-economic backgrounds on their children’s academic performance at Nigerian Universities, which has received little attention. Issues concerning University undergraduate youths have become a cause for concern among stakeholders in the project called ‘education in Nigeria’. Such issues like expulsion from school due to examination malpractice or cultism, withdrawal due to poor academic performance and production of half-baked graduates have forced many concerned people to question the role of teachers as well as parent’s socio-economic background. The paper adopted a survey methodology to solicit responses from 150 final year University students (2012/2013) of Business Faculties in the north, east and west regions of Nigeria; using stratified proportionate random sampling. After data cleaning, 130 data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and hierarchical regression. One of the results indicated that student’s self-motivation (hard work) and rich parental socio-economic background are needed to achieve academic success; though self-motivation appears to be a more critical success factor. The paper recommended that the government and the authorities of Nigerian universities should intensify effort at counselling the students on the need to study hard in order to achieve academic success rather than relying on their parents’ socio-economic background. This will improve teaching and learning in Nigerian Universities. The study is limited to University Business Faculties in Nigeria. Future studies can investigate other tertiary institutions in Nigeria. © Canadian Center of Science and Education.	Academic performance; Self-motivation; Socio-economic background	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79959670878	Designing self-evaluation instruments for academic programmes: Lessons and challenges	Ansah F.	2010	Evaluation and Research in Education	23	2	10.1080/09500791003717238	Garden City University College, P.O. Box 12775, Kenyasi, Kumasi, KK, Ghana	Ansah, F., Garden City University College, P.O. Box 12775, Kenyasi, Kumasi, KK, Ghana	A study was conducted to design valid and reliable self-evaluation instruments for periodic evaluation of academic programmes of Bolgatanga Polytechnic in Ghana, using evaluation experts and relevant stakeholders of the polytechnic. This paper presents some of the challenges, including those of institutional support, the technical demands of designing the instrument and that of culture. How these challenges were met and the lessons learnt illustrate how selfevaluation was introduced to an institution where previously no course evaluation had been carried out. © 2010 Taylor & Francis.	Academic programmes; Instrument design; Self-evaluation	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84864591014	Case Study: The Impact of the ACU-PAL Scheme for the Provision of Journal Subscriptions to Libraries in Developing Countries	Ahenkorah-Marfo M., Senyah Y.	2012	Serials Librarian	63	2	10.1080/0361526X.2012.700776	University Library, KNUST, Private Mail Bag, Kumasi, Ghana	Ahenkorah-Marfo, M., University Library, KNUST, Private Mail Bag, Kumasi, Ghana; Senyah, Y., University Library, KNUST, Private Mail Bag, Kumasi, Ghana	This study examines the impact of the Association of Commonwealth Universities-Protecting the African Library (ACU-PAL) scheme for the provision of journal subscriptions to libraries of developing economies, using the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology library in Kumasi, Ghana as a case study. The history of the scheme is outlined and subscription outcomes between 2006 and 2009 are critically examined. The mode of selecting and ordering of the journals is also discussed. The scheme has been found to have met the core journal needs of faculty and students to a greater extent, and this success could be enhanced further if the challenges identified are addressed. Recommendations are made to improve on the scheme and advice is provided for non-participating members to take advantage of the scheme. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.	academic publishers Commonwealth Universities; journal subscription; low-cost journals	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84859187717	Exploring the impacts of social networking sites on academic relations in the university	Rambe P.	2011	Journal of Information Technology Education:Research	10	1	None	Office of International Academic Programmes, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa	Rambe, P., Office of International Academic Programmes, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa	Social networking sites (SNS) affordances for persistent interaction, collective generation of knowledge, and formation of peer-based clusters for knowledge sharing render them useful for developing constructivist knowledge environments. However, notwithstanding their academic value, these environments are not necessarily insulated from the exercise of academic/ power. Despite a growing corpus of literature on SNS's capacity to enhance social capital formation, foster trust, and connect interactants in remote locations, there is a dearth of research on how SNS potentially leverages academic /power relations in university settings. Mindful of the unsubstantiated nexus between power relations, knowledge construction, and academic appropriation of SNS, unraveling the impact of SNS on lecturer-student and student-peer power relations in the university can illuminate the understanding of this academic connection/puzzle. This work employs Critical Theory of Technology (CTT) and virtual case study method to explore the influence of SNS use on power relations of lecturers, students, and their peers in a blended (Facebook-enhanced) Information Technology course at a middle-sized South African university. The findings demonstrate that academic appropriation of SNS differentially empower academics and students at different times, and students employ various forms of sophisticated authorial language to territorialise power in their interactions with lecturers and peers. Academics and instructional designers are urged to examine different forms of language employed in lecturer-student and student-peer discourses to grasp student learning needs and to foster meaningful, knowledge-rich learning environments.	Academic relations; Critical theory of technology; Differential power; Meaningful learning; Social networking sites	Academic relations; Affordances; Differential power; Instructional designer; Knowledge construction; Knowledge environment; Knowledge-sharing; Learning environments; Meaningful learning; Power relations; Remote location; Social capitals; Social networking sites; Student learning; Study methods; Engineering education; Information technology; Social sciences computing; Students; Teaching; Social networking (online)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84907958857	Impact of Retirement Age Policy on the Workforce of a Higher Education Institution in South Africa	Udjo E.O., Erasmus B.	2014	Politics and Policy	42	5	10.1111/polp.12092	University of South Africa, South Africa	Udjo, E.O., University of South Africa, South Africa; Erasmus, B., University of South Africa, South Africa	Several key sectors including higher education institutions have a skills shortage in South Africa. Combined with aging of its workforce, higher education institutions may find it increasingly difficult to maintain adequate numbers of skilled and experienced employees to fulfill their core functions. This study assesses the impact of mandatory retirement age on the workforce of a higher education institution in South Africa. The data were obtained from the Human Resources of the higher education institution and using an estimation model. The results indicate that a mandatory retirement age of 60 years has a negative impact on the future size of permanent academic staff in the short-to-medium term. However, a mandatory retirement age of 65 years or even higher has positive impact on the number of permanent academic staff in the institution. © 2014 Policy Studies Organization.	Academic retirement; Employment policy; Higher education; Labor attrition; Labor policy; Labor turnover; Labour policy; Population aging; Retirement age policy; South africa; Sub-saharan africa; Universities	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77952112077	Evaluation of final examination papers in engineering: A case study using bloom's taxonomy	Swart A.J.	2010	IEEE Transactions on Education	53	2	10.1109/TE.2009.2014221	Department of Electronic Engineering, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark 1900, South Africa	Swart, A.J., Department of Electronic Engineering, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark 1900, South Africa	Questions are used to obtain information, stimulate thinking, and redirect reasoning. Academics in higher education use questions on a daily basis to stimulate thinking and reasoning in students. Final examination papers are used by academics to assess the retention and application skills of students. The assumption, however, exists that questions relating to application skills at universities of technology should start to dominate the higher academic levels in education, with a subsequent drop in questions regarding retention skills. These questions may be categorized as either higher order or lower order questions. This article attempts to distinguish between these two types of questions in light of Bloom's taxonomy, with similar concepts such as deep and surface learning being examined. The literature review is applied to an electrical engineering module titled Electronics, which serves as the case study. The results of this study indicate that a high percentage of the final examination papers dealt with the objective Application, where students had to make use of numerous mathematical equations to solve various unknowns. The results also indicated that academics in electronics are using more lower order than higher order questions in their final examination papers. A balance is suggested between these two types of questions for various academic levels at universities of technology. © 2009 IEEE.	Academics; Bloom's taxonomy; Examination papers; Higher order questions; Lower order questions	Academic level; Academics; Bloom's taxonomy; Higher education; Higher order; Literature reviews; Mathematical equations; Surface learning; Blooms (metal); Electrical engineering; Paper; Taxonomies; Teaching; Students	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84901337173	Perceptions of organisational readiness for the performance management system: A case study of a university of technology	Sibongiseni Ngcamu B.	2012	Corporate Board: Role, Duties and Composition	8	3	None	Mangosuthu University of Technology, South Africa	Sibongiseni Ngcamu, B., Mangosuthu University of Technology, South Africa	The absence of a single performance management system (PMS) aligned to institutional strategy and business processes often results in failure to deliver anticipated benefits as it is not cascaded down to all departments, teams or individuals. This study aims to determine employees' expectations for the proposed PMS and their perceptions of the system's impact on effectiveness within the university concerned. This study adopted a quantitative research design and a survey method was used, whereby, a structured questionnaire was administered by the researcher to a selected population size of 150 of which 108 completed questionnaires, generating a response rate of 72%. The study reflects a disproportionately high percentage of 34% of the respondents who disagreed and 21.3% who were undecided as to whether PMS is needed at the university concerned where the majority of these respondents being academics and those with matriculation. The university concerned should develop a PMS which is aligned to the university strategic plan and to other university policies coupled with structured change management interventions focusing on academics and semi-skilled employees.	Academics; Effectiveness; Performance management system; Rewards strategies	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897401138	The impact of leadership styles on employee organisational commitment in higher learning institutions	Wiza M., Hlanganipai N.	2014	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	5	4	10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n4p135	Department of Business Management, University of Limpopo, Turfloop Campus, Private Bag 1106, Sovenga, 0727, South Africa	Wiza, M., Department of Business Management, University of Limpopo, Turfloop Campus, Private Bag 1106, Sovenga, 0727, South Africa; Hlanganipai, N., Department of Business Management, University of Limpopo, Turfloop Campus, Private Bag 1106, Sovenga, 0727, South Africa	The current study seeks to determine the impact of leadership styles on employees' organisational commitment constructs among University academic staff at a selected South African institution. A quantitative methodology, using self-administered surveys comprised of the Organisational Commitment Questionnaire (OCQ) and the Multi Factor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) was used to collect data from 160 respondents. The data was analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 20.0. Spearman correlation analysis was used to test for relationships between the independent variable (leadership style) and the dependant variable (organizational commitment. The findings of the study revealed that transformational leadership style has a significant and positive relationship with affective and continuance employee commitment while transactional leadership style has significant and positive relationship with only normative commitment. Based on the findings of this study, it is worth noting that leadership styles plays an important role to an employees' organizational commitment and it is very important for organizational policy makers to take this into consideration in order to meet organizational goals. This study contributes to the bank of findings relating to the development of leadership and organisational commitment, not only in South Africa, but within the institutions of higher learning in particular.	Academics; Impact; Organisational commitment; Transactional leadership; Transformational leadership	None	None
WoS	WOS:000226082700001	Knowledge base system for human resource evaluation in a university environment	Akinyokun, OC,Uzoka, FME	2005	JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION	33	1	None	University of Calgary, Fed Univ Technol Akure	None	The statutory objectives of a university include teaching. research. and community development. The major assets employed in the attainment of these objectives include mail, money, materials, and time, Man, who serves as the major driver of the other assets, has three components, namely academic staff, administrative staff, and technical staff. An essential management function is the evaluation of the academic staff of the university in order to determine their contributions to the aims and objectives of the university. In this study, a knowledge base system has been developed for the evaluation of the performance of human resources in a university environment, with emphasis on the academic staff component. The system, christened HURES. is developed in a Microsoft Access and Visual Basic 6.0 environment. A case study of the academic staff of a university community is carried out in order to demonstrate the practicality of the system.	"ACADEMIC STAFF","cognitive filter","emotional filter",evaluation,"HUMAN RESOURCES","INFERENCE ENGINE","KNOWLEDGE BASE",UNIVERSITY	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84903709067	Online fuzzy based decision support system for human resource performance appraisal	Samuel O.W., Omisore M.O., Atajeromavwo E.J.	2014	Measurement: Journal of the International Measurement Confederation	55	None	10.1016/j.measurement.2014.05.024	Department of Computer Science, Federal University of Technology Akure, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria; Department of Computer Science, Delta State Polytechnic, Ogwashi-uku, Delta-State, Nigeria	Samuel, O.W., Department of Computer Science, Federal University of Technology Akure, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria; Omisore, M.O., Department of Computer Science, Federal University of Technology Akure, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria; Atajeromavwo, E.J., Department of Computer Science, Delta State Polytechnic, Ogwashi-uku, Delta-State, Nigeria	The evaluation of employees' performance is geared towards assessing individual's contribution to the attainment of organizational goals. Performance appraisal (PA) is a key tool in an organization due to its potency to either make or mar such organization. Irregular standards for human resource PA, tribal sentiment, emotional status of assessors, and delay in appraisal processes among others are the key problems of the conventional methods of appraising employees' performances in an organization. This research therefore proposes an online fuzzy based decision support system for human resource PA. The proposed system incorporates an efficient computational technique which handles the delays and bias associated with the orthodox performance appraisal system in organizations. The fuzzy inference system developed in this research uses Mamdani technique, Center of Gravity Defuzzification approach and takes as input the key attributes considered when appraising the performance of an employee. An experimental study of the proposed system was conducted using the dataset of academic staff. Standard statistical technique was used to measure the accuracy level of the System and the result shows that the proposed system has 0.78 probability (78%) of predicting accurately the appraisal status of an academic staff.© 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Academic Staff; Fuzzy Inference System; Human Resource Manager; Performance Appraisal	Artificial intelligence; Decision support systems; Fuzzy systems; Academic staff; Computational technique; Fuzzy inference systems; Organizational goals; Performance appraisal; Performance appraisal system; Resource managers; Standard statistical techniques; Human resource management	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77952968257	Impact of management style on performance indicators of academic staff	Irtwange S.V., Orsaah S.	2009	Educational Research and Reviews	4	12	None	Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria; Department of Business Management, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria	Irtwange, S.V., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria; Orsaah, S., Department of Business Management, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria	The objective of this study is to assess the impact of management style on academic staff performance with University of Agriculture, Makurdi as a case study. The management style of the vice chancellor of the University of Agriculture, Makurdi between the periods, September 3, 1996 to September 3, 2001 was determined using the Ohio State University and University of Michigan Models. Based on a population of 269 academic staff, a sample size of 200 was selected using the purposive and random sampling techniques. Research questionnaire, interview and personal observations were employed as instruments for data collection. Analysis of data indicates that the vice chancellor was rated below desirable limits both on the considerate or employee centered management style (Cronbach alpha =0.978) and on the initiating structure or production centered management style (Cronbach alpha = 0.968). This indicates low concern for production and people, which answers to the impoverished management style of the grid model. Chi-square (X 2) test at 5% level of significance showed that there is a relationship between the management style of the vice chancellor of University of Agriculture, Makurdi and academic staff performance. As expected, academic staff of the university were found to have performed poorly on all six performance indicators - qualification, teaching/cognate experience, contribution to university and community, publications, current research and extension and administrative experience. The results of the study further indicate that with good management of men and materials, performance of academic staff in the Nigerian university system will be enhanced if they are appropriately motivated and rewarded. The study recommends that proven ability and capacity to professionally manage men, money and materials to deliver on the core mandates of the various universities in Nigeria should be the most important consideration in appointment of vice chancellors. © 2009 Academic Journals.	Academic staff; Management style; Performance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84925957503	Fear of Negative Evaluation as a Mediator of the Relation between Academic Stress, Anxiety and Depression in a Sample of Ghanaian College Students	Nonterah C.W., Hahn N.C., Utsey S.O., Hook J.N., Abrams J.A., Hubbard R.R., Opare-Henako A.	2015	Psychology and Developing Societies	27	1	10.1177/0971333614564747	Virginia Commonwealth University, Virginia, United States; University of North Texas, Texas, United States; University of Illinois, Chicago, United States; University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana	Nonterah, C.W., Virginia Commonwealth University, Virginia, United States; Hahn, N.C., Virginia Commonwealth University, Virginia, United States; Utsey, S.O., Virginia Commonwealth University, Virginia, United States; Hook, J.N., University of North Texas, Texas, United States; Abrams, J.A., Virginia Commonwealth University, Virginia, United States; Hubbard, R.R., University of Illinois, Chicago, United States; Opare-Henako, A., University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana	This study examined the mediator effects of the fear of negative evaluation (FNE) on the relation between academic stress and psychological symptoms in a sample of Ghanaian college students (N = 431). A multi-step structural equation modelling (SEM) procedure was used to test the specified mediator model and several fit indices were calculated to assess how well the model fit the data. In addition, path coefficients were calculated to determine whether mediation had been established. The results indicated that the specified model produced a good fit to the data. Moreover, the findings revealed that FNE partially mediated the relation between academic stress and the psychological symptoms of anxiety and depression. Implications for the study’s findings are discussed and recommendations for future research are presented. © 2015 Department of Psychology, University of Allahabad	academic stress; college students; Culture; fear of negative evaluation; Ghana	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84922625230	Toxicological evaluation of the aqueous extract of Acalypha wilkesiana in Wistar albino rats	Olukunle J.O., Jacobs E.B., Ajayi O.L., Biobaku K.T., Abatan M.O.	2015	Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine	12	1	10.1515/jcim-2013-0066	Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokut	Olukunle, J.O.; Jacobs, E.B., Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Ajayi, O.L., Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Biobaku, K.T., Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Abatan, M.O., Department of Veterinary Physiology Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of IbadanOyo State, Nigeria	Background: Acalypha wilkesiana (Euphorbiaceae) is highly accepted for traditional treatment of human plasmodiasis in Africa. Methods: The toxicological effects of the aqueous leaf extract of A. wilkesiana were studied in 45 male and female Wistar albino rats. An acute toxicity testing was done using 21 rats divided into seven groups and LD50 determined. In the sub-chronic toxicity study, the extract was administered orally over a period of 28 days to rats in three groups with doses of 400mg kg-1, 800mg kg-1 and 1,600 mg kg-1, respectively, and the fourth group administered with water served as control. Blood samples were collected for hematological and serum biochemical analysis; organs of the animals were harvested for histopathological examination. Results: The acute toxicity testing showed that the extract was non-toxic at doses up to 3,000mg kg-1 and the LD50 was calculated to be 2,828.34mg kg-1. The study showed that at 1,600mg kg-1 dose, the extract caused a decrease in the level of neutrophils (NEUT) while lymphocytes (LYMP) were statistically significantly increased. The administration of the extract also resulted in varying significant dose dependent increase in the levels of aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). There were also significant increases in the level of total protein (TP), urea (URN) and albumin (GLB) especially at 1,600mg kg-1 dosage. Histopathology showed that the extract caused mild to severe significant lesions that are dose dependent in the liver and kidney when compared with the control group. Conclusions: Prolonged administration of high dose of A. wilkesiana extract has tendency to cause organ toxicity. © 2015, walter de gruyter gmbh. All rights reserved.	Acalypha wilkesiana; Hematology; Histopathology; Serum biochemistry; Toxicity	Acalypha wilkesiana extract; alanine aminotransferase; albumin; alkaline phosphatase; aspartate aminotransferase; plant extract; protein; unclassified drug; urea; alanine aminotransferase; alkaline phosphatase; aspartate aminotransferase; plant extract; urea; Acalypha wilkesiana; alanine aminotransferase blood level; albumin blood level; alkaline phosphatase blood level; animal experiment; animal model; Article; aspartate aminotransferase blood level; controlled study; disease severity; dose response; histopathology; LD 50; liver toxicity; lymphocyte; nephrotoxicity; neutrophil; nonhuman; plant leaf; protein blood level; rat; urea blood level; Wistar rat; Acalypha; adverse effects; animal; blood; drug effects; enzymology; female; kidney; liver; male; metabolism; toxicity testing; Acalypha; Alanine Transaminase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Female; Kidney; Liver; Male; Plant Extracts; Rats, Wistar; Toxicity Tests, Acute; Urea	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-40749116957	The genus Hyalomma koch, 1844: V. re-evaluation of the taxonomic rank of taxa comprising the H. (Euhyalomma) marginatum koch complex of species (Acari: Ixodidae) with redescription of all parasitic stages and notes on biology	Apanaskevich D.A., Horak I.G.	2008	International Journal of Acarology	34	1	None	United States National Tick Collection, Institute of Arthropodology and Parasitology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460-8056, United States; Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa	Apanaskevich, D.A., United States National Tick Collection, Institute of Arthropodology and Parasitology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460-8056, United States; Horak, I.G., Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa	The systematic morphology of species within the Hyalomma (Euhyalomma) marginatum Koch complex of ticks is illustrated and their relationships within this assemblage are discussed. Traditionally this group comprises the extremely polymorphic species Hyalomma (Euhyalomma) marginatum Koch, 1844 subdivided into four subspecies, namely H. (E.) marginatum marginatum Koch, 1844; H. (E.) marginatum rufipes Koch, 1844; H. (E.) marginatum isaaci Sharif, 1928 and H. (E.) marginatum turanicum Pomerantzev, 1946. A fifth member of the association, namely H. (E.) glabrum Delpy, 1949, has recently been re-instated as a full species. The taxonomic rank of the first mentioned four ticks is herein raised to species level. Details on the repositories of type specimens, synonyms, descriptions, variability, hosts, geographic distribution, and disease relationships of these four ticks are provided, and all their developmental stages are illustrated.	Acari; Female; Geographic distribution; H (E.) isaaci sharif; H (E.) turanicum pomerantzev; H. (E.) marginatum koch; H. (E.) rufipes koch; Hyalomma (euhyalomma) marginatum koch complex; Ixodidae; Larva; Male; Nymph; Systematics	Acari; Hyalomma; Hyalomma marginatum; Hyalomma marginatum marginatum; Hyalomma marginatum rufipes; Hyalomma rufipes; Ixodida; Ixodidae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33747166729	Evaluation of screening methods for improved storability of soybean seed	Addai I.K., Safo-Kantanka O.	2006	International Journal of Botany	2	2	10.3923/ijb.2006.152.155	Department of Agronomy, University for Development Studies, P.O. Box 1350, Tamale, Ghana; Department of Crop Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	Addai, I.K., Department of Agronomy, University for Development Studies, P.O. Box 1350, Tamale, Ghana; Safo-Kantanka, O., Department of Crop Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	Various forms of accelerated ageing tests have been used to evaluate storability of seed lots but very little work has been done on how these tests correlate or relate well with ambient storage and their effectiveness in selecting for seed storability. In this study, hundred seeds each from three soybean genotypes were subjected to three accelerated ageing tests by soaking the seeds in 20% ethanol solution for two hours, in 20% methanol solution for two hours or in 75°C hot water for seventy seconds. The same quantity of seeds was stored on laboratory wooden shelves for a period of four months at a temperature range of 22-25°C and 30-35% relative humidity. Germination percentage of seeds from these four categories revealed that the ethanol solution predicted seed storability more than hot water and methanol treatments. In another experiment, seeds from individual M 2 plants were screened either by using the ethanol test or by storing threshed and unthreshed seeds at a temperature range of 22-25°C and relative humidity of 30-35% for a period of four months. Only the M 2 plants whose seeds produced germination percentage of 80% or above were selected. Compared to the two ambient storage methods, the ethanol solution was less effective a screening method for improved seed storability but could be used as an initial screening method to predict seed storability in soybeans. However, storability of such seeds should always be confirmed by storage under ambient conditions especially in later generations of selection. © 2006 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Accelerated ageing tests; Gamma irradiation; Improved storability; Screening methods; Soybean seed	Glycine max	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34548274984	The correlation of segment accelerations and impact forces with knee angle in jump landing	Elvin N.G., Elvin A.A., Arnoczky S.P., Torry M.R.	2007	Journal of Applied Biomechanics	23	3	None	Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Laboratory for Comparative Orthopaedic Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States; Biomechanics Research Laboratory, Steadman Hawkins Research Foundation, Vail, CO, United States	Elvin, N.G., Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States; Elvin, A.A., Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Arnoczky, S.P., Laboratory for Comparative Orthopaedic Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States; Torry, M.R., Biomechanics Research Laboratory, Steadman Hawkins Research Foundation, Vail, CO, United States	Impact forces and shock deceleration during jumping and running have been associated with various knee injury etiologies. This study investigates the influence of jump height and knee contact angle on peak ground reaction force and segment axial accelerations. Ground reaction force, segment axial acceleration, and knee angles were measured for 6 male subjects during vertical jumping. A simple spring-mass model is used to predict the landing stiffness at impact as a function of (1) jump height, (2) peak impact force, (3) peak tibial axial acceleration, (4) peak thigh axial acceleration, and (5) peak trunk axial acceleration. Using a nonlinear least square fit, a strong (r = 0.86) and significant (p ≤ 0.05) correlation was found between knee contact angle and stiffness calculated using the peak impact force and jump height. The same model also showed that the correlation was strong (r = 0.81) and significant (p ≤ 0.05) between knee contact angle and stiffness calculated from the peak trunk axial accelerations. The correlation was weaker for the peak thigh (r = 0.71) and tibial (r = 0.45) axial accelerations. Using the peak force but neglecting jump height in the model, produces significantly worse correlation (r = 0.58). It was concluded that knee contact angle significantly influences both peak ground reaction forces and segment accelerations. However, owing to the nonlinear relationship, peak forces and segment accelerations change more rapidly at smaller knee flexion angles (i.e., close to full extension) than at greater knee flexion angles. © 2007 Human Kinetics, Inc.	Accelerometers; Jumping height; Landing ground reaction	Accelerometers; Contact angle; Correlation theory; Impact strength; Physiological models; Stiffness; Ground reaction force; Jump landing; Jumping height; Knee angle; Shock deceleration; Biomechanics; acceleration; adult; article; correlation analysis; force; height; human; human experiment; jumping; knee function; male; nonlinear system; normal human; statistical significance; thigh; tibia; trunk; Acceleration; Adult; Computer Simulation; Gait; Humans; Knee Joint; Locomotion; Male; Models, Biological; Range of Motion, Articular; Stress, Mechanical; Task Performance and Analysis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79954438383	Impact of methodological decisions on accelerometer outcome variables in young children	Ojiambo R., Cuthill R., Budd H., Konstabel K., Casajús J.A., González-Agüero A., Anjila E., Reilly J.J., Easton C., Pitsiladis Y.P.	2011	International Journal of Obesity	35	SUPPL.1	10.1038/ijo.2011.40	College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Physiology, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya; National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia; Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Division of Developmental Medicine, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; School of Life Sciences, Kingston University, Kingston Upon Thames, Surrey, United Kingdom	Ojiambo, R., College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom, Department of Medical Physiology, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya; Cuthill, R., College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; Budd, H., College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; Konstabel, K., National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia, Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Casajús, J.A., Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; González-Agüero, A., Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Anjila, E., Department of Medical Physiology, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya; Reilly, J.J., Division of Developmental Medicine, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Easton, C., School of Life Sciences, Kingston University, Kingston Upon Thames, Surrey, United Kingdom; Pitsiladis, Y.P., College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom, Department of Medical Physiology, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya	Background: The impact of accelerometer-related methodological decisions relating to the assessment of physical activity and sedentary time has not been conclusively determined in young children. Objectives: To determine the effects of epoch and cutoff points on the assessment of physical activity and sedentary time and to determine the accelerometer wear time required to achieve reliable accelerometer data in children. Design: Children were recruited from centres at Ghent, Glasgow, Gothenburg and Zaragoza. Methods: Physical activity was assessed for 1 week in 86 children (41 girls, 45 boys; mean age 7±2 years) by uniaxial accelerometry. The epoch was set at 15 s and reintegrated to 30 and 60 s. Time spent sedentary and in moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was assessed using a range of cutoff points. Number of days required to achieve 80% reliability was predicted using the Spearman-Brown Prophecy formula. Results: The Reilly cutoff points (<1100 counts per min (CPM)) indicated less sedentary time per day when comparing 15 vs 30 s and 15 vs 60 s epochs: 570±91 vs 579±93 min and 570±91 vs 579±94 min, respectively; P<0.05. Pate cutoff points (>420 counts per 15 s) reported more MVPA time per day compared with Sirard (890 counts per 15 s) and Puyau cutoff points (>3200 counts per min) using 15 s epoch: 78 (4-197) min (median (range) vs 18 (1-80) min and 24 (1-100) min, respectively; P<0.001. Compliance with guidelines of at least 60 min MVPA was 84, 78 and 73% for Pate cutoff points using 15, 30 and 60 s epochs, respectively, but 0% for Sirard and Puyau cutoff points across epochs. The number of days required to achieve 80% reliability for CPM, sedentary and MVPA time was 7.4-8.5 days. Conclusion: Choice of epoch and cutoff point significantly influenced the classification of sedentary and MVPA time and observed compliance to the MVPA guidelines. © 2011 Macmillan Publishers Limited All rights reserved.	accelerometry; IDEFICS; MVPA; objective measurement	accelerometer; article; body composition; child; correlation coefficient; female; human; human experiment; male; methodology; normal human; outcome variable; physical activity; practice guideline; priority journal; reliability; school child; sedentary lifestyle; Acceleration; Child; Decision Making; Exercise; Exercise Test; Female; Humans; Male; Monitoring, Ambulatory; Motor Activity; Sedentary Lifestyle	None
None	None	Evaluation of Moringa oleifera leaf meal inclusion in cassava chip based diets fed to laying birds	Olugbemi T.S., Mutayoba S.K., Lekule F.P.	2010	Livestock Research for Rural Development	22	6	None	Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, P.M.B. 1044, Zaria, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania	Olugbemi, T.S., Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, P.M.B. 1044, Zaria, Nigeria; Mutayoba, S.K., Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania; Lekule, F.P., Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania	The feasibility of using Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) as an ingredient in cassava chip based diets fed to commercial egg strain chickens and its effects on their production and egg quality were investigated. Eighty laying birds comprising of ten birds per replicate and two replicates per treatment were assigned to four isocaloric and isonitrogenous dietary treatments. The diets comprised of Cassava Chips (CC) and MOLM combinations (CC0M0-0%CC, 0%MOLM; CC20M0-20%CC, 0%MOLM; CC20M5 - 20%CC, 5%MOLM; CC20M10 - 20%CC, 10%MOLM) in addition to other ingredients. A completely randomized design was employed. Feed intake, feed conversion ratio and laying percentage were not influenced by the inclusion of MOLM. The lowest egg weight was from the maize based group (CC0M0). Feed cost per kilogram and feed cost per kilogram egg produced declined with inclusion of MOLM. Albumen and yolk percentages were not influenced by the inclusion of MOLM. Eggs from birds on the 10% MOLM diets differed in Roche colour score (7.79) from those on the other diets. General acceptability of the cooked eggs was highest from the 10% MOLM group. Results of the study indicate that cassava chips can be fed whole to laying birds and the inclusion of MOLM at levels up to 10% in cassava chip based diets fed to commercial egg laying birds is possible and without negative effects in terms of egg quality parameters. The benefits of enhanced acceptability are equally an advantage of its inclusion.	Acceptability; Alternative feed ingredients; Egg quality; Production	Aves; Gallus gallus; Manihot esculenta; Moringa oleifera; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34547133453	Consumer acceptability and sensory evaluation of a fermented cassava product (Nigerian fufu)	Tomlins K., Sanni L., Oyewole O., Dipeolu A., Ayinde I., Adebayo K., Westby A.	2007	Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture	87	10	10.1002/jsfa.2941	Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom; University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	Tomlins, K., Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom; Sanni, L., University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Oyewole, O., University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Dipeolu, A., University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Ayinde, I., University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Adebayo, K., University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Westby, A., Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom	The purpose of the study was to evaluate the sensory profile and acceptability of six types of fufu (a fermented cassava product) produced by different processes using sensory evaluation and consumer acceptability testing. Fufu samples were selected to evaluate the acceptability of dried fufu flours, which are increasingly being consumed, and compare with a traditional paste and a newly developed paste that produces less environmental waste. Descriptive sensory profiles of the selected samples demonstrated distinct differences in sensory profiles. They were evaluated for consumer acceptance at three demographic locations; Lagos (n = 91), Ibadan (n = 121) and Abeokuta (w = 99), Nigeria. Fufu made from a paste that produced less environmental waste had the highest acceptance scores, followed by flour and paste made by the traditional method and finally the remaining flours. Average consumer liking between the three locations did not differ. Three distinct consumer segments were identified and the number of consumers in these segments differed between the locations. Consumers differentiated fufu made from pastes and from flour. Internal preference mapping indicated that consumers associated the flours with sensory attributes such as sticky texture and raw cassava odour, while pastes were associated with soft texture, and shiny and creamy appearance. Fufu acceptance varies widely among consumers and is related to preferences for distinct fufu flavour profiles. Correlations between consumer acceptance scores and sensory scores appeared to be non-linear for many attributes but a larger sample size of fufu samples would be necessary to confirm this. The implications of these finding are discussed. © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry.	Acceptability; Cassava; Consumer preference; Flour; Fufu; Nigeria; Sensory evaluation; West Africa	Manihot esculenta	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-45949110251	Evaluation of the nutrient and sensory properties of multimixes and porridges made from maize, soybean, and plantain for use as complementary food	Nnam N.M., Baiyeri G.T.	2008	Ecology of Food and Nutrition	47	1	10.1080/03670240701615374	Department of Home Science, Nutrition, and Dietetics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Nnam, N.M., Department of Home Science, Nutrition, and Dietetics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Baiyeri, G.T., Department of Home Science, Nutrition, and Dietetics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	This study is part of a series of exploratory works on the use of cheap and locally available staples to improve the Nigerian traditional complementary foods. The proximate, some mineral, and vitamin compositions of composite flours formulated from maize, soybean, and plantain landrace or hybrid were evaluated. The processing included sprouting maize for 48 h, boiling soybean for 1 h, and hand peeling plantain to obtain the pulp. The samples were dried and milled into fine flours. The flours were combined in ratios of 70:30:0, 65:30:5, 60:30:10, and 55:30:15 (protein basis) of maize, soybean, and plantain landrace or hybrid. Standard assay methods were used to evaluate the composites for nutrient composition. The nutrient levels of the composites were compared with Codex Alimentarius Commission Guidelines for formulated supplementary foods for older infants and young children. "Ogi" flour and Nutrend served as the controls. Porridges made from the composites were evaluated for sensory properties. The boiled soybean contained appreciable quantities of protein (42.18%) and lipid (18.60%). The energy levels of the flour blends and the protein levels of some of the composites (maize, soybean, and plantain landrace or hybrid, 60:30:10) were comparable to that of Nutrend and met the Codex Alimentarius Commission Guidelines. The composites showed nutritional superiority over "ogi" flour in terms of protein, lipid, ash, and iron nutriture. The porridges made from the composites were accepted slightly by the judges. Further work is currently underway in our laboratory to improve the nutrient composition of the composites and the acceptability of their porridges.	Acceptability; Complementary food; Composite flour; Nutrients; Porridges	food consumption; food quality; maize; nutrient; nutritive value; soybean; vitamin; Africa; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Glycine max; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80053981441	Production and organoleptic evaluation of complementary foods from fermented composite flours of legume, cereal, root and tubers	Mbah B.O.	2009	Journal of Home Economics Research	42654	None	None	Department of Home Science, Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Mbah, B.O., Department of Home Science, Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Cheap, nutritious, easy to prepare and acceptable complementary foods from fermented cereal, root and tuber, and legume were produced and organoleptically evaluated. Yellow maize (YM), sorghum (SG), cowpea (CP), cocoyam (CY) and sweet potatoes (SP) were fermented for 72h in water at a ratio of 1:3(w/v), sun dried to 5% moisture and hammer-milled into fine flours. The flours were analyzed for nutrient by standard methods. The flours were blended into eight composite flours (blends) on protein basis - (SGCP, YMCP, YMSP, SGSP, YMCY, SGCY, at a ratio of 70:30 and SGCPSP, YMCPCY at 60:20:20). Porridges were prepared from blends, and their organoleptic qualities evaluated on a 9-point hedonic scale, by a 22 member taste panel. Fermentation increased protein in flours and product and improved the food potentials of all porridges. SGCP and YMCP porridges had higher organoleptic rating and acceptability than other blends, and could be incorporated into complementary foods.	Acceptability; Complementary food; Fermentation; Staple foods	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33947433681	Intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy: Evaluation of a new delivery approach and the policy implications for malaria control in Uganda	Mbonye A.K., Bygbjerg I., Magnussen P.	2007	Health Policy	81	03-Feb	10.1016/j.healthpol.2006.05.018	Reproductive Health Division, Department of Community Health, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 7272, Kampala, Uganda; Department of International Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; DBL, Institute of Health Research and Development, Jaegersborg Allé ID, 2920 Charlottelund, Denmark	Mbonye, A.K., Reproductive Health Division, Department of Community Health, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 7272, Kampala, Uganda; Bygbjerg, I., Department of International Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Magnussen, P., DBL, Institute of Health Research and Development, Jaegersborg Allé ID, 2920 Charlottelund, Denmark	The impact of intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) on malaria in pregnancy is well known. In countries where this policy is implemented, poor access and low compliance to this intervention has been widely reported. A study was designed to assess a new approach to deliver IPT to pregnant women through traditional birth attendants (TBAs), drug-shop vendors (DSVs), community reproductive health workers (CRHWs) and adolescent peer mobilisers (APMs); and compared this approach with IPT at health units. We evaluated this approach to assess user perceptions, its acceptability and sustainability. Results show that the new approach increased access and compliance to IPT. Mean gestational age at first dose of IPT was 21.0 weeks with the community approaches versus 23.1 weeks at health units, P > 0.0001. Health units accessed a high proportion of adolescents, 28.4%, versus 25.0% at the new approaches, P < 0.03; most primigravidae, 23.6%, versus 20.0% at the new approaches, P < 0.04. The proportion of women who received two doses of SP was 67.5.2% with the new approaches versus 39.9% at health units, P < 0.0001. The new approach was associated with a three-fold increase in use of ITNs from 8.8% at baseline to 23.4%. The factors that most influenced acceptability and use of IPT were trusted and easy accessible resource persons, their ability to make home visits especially with CRHWs and APMs; the support of spouses. Another factor was the high awareness on dangers of malaria in pregnancy and the benefits of IPT created by the resource persons. The women perceived better health using the first dose of sulphadoxine-pyremethamine (SP) and this compelled them to go for the second dose. IPT with this approach was highly acceptable with 89.1% of women at the new approaches intending to use it for the next pregnancy, while 48.0% of them had recommended it to other women. We suggest a review of the current policy on malaria prevention in pregnancy to allow provision of IPT through community structures that are feasible, practical and acceptable. © 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	Acceptability; Compliance; Intermittent preventive treatment; Malaria in pregnancy; Sustainability; Uganda	antimalarial agent; fansidar; folic acid; iron; mebendazole; absence of side effects; adolescent; adult; article; attitude to health; attitude to illness; attitude to pregnancy; community care; controlled study; female; fever; health auxiliary; health care personnel; health care policy; health care utilization; health promotion; home care; human; intermittent preventive treatment; interview; major clinical study; malaria; malaria control; maternal morbidity; outcomes research; patient compliance; patient education; patient referral; peer group; perception; pregnancy; prenatal care; preventive health service; preventive medicine; repeated drug dose; school child; traditional birth attendant; Uganda; unspecified side effect; Adolescent; Adult; Child; Female; Health Policy; Humans; Malaria; Middle Aged; Pregnancy; Preventive Medicine; Uganda	None
WoS	WOS:000258897000016	An evaluation of intravaginal rings as a potential HIV prevention device in urban Kenya: Behaviors and attitudes that might influence uptake within a high-risk population	Bwayo, Job Joab,del Rio, Carlos,Hoang, Tina Dan My,Priddy, Frances H.,Smith, Donna Jo,Wakasiaka, Sabina	2008	JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH	17	6	10.1089/jwh.2007.0529	Emory University, University of Nairobi	"Bwayo, Job Joab: University of Nairobi","Hoang, Tina Dan My: Emory University","Priddy, Frances H.: Emory University","Smith, Donna Jo: Emory University","Wakasiaka, Sabina: University of Nairobi",	Purpose: We sought to assess the potential acceptability of intravaginal rings (IVRs) as an HIV prevention method among at-risk women and men. Methods: We conducted a qualitative assessment of initial attitudes toward IVRs, current HIV prevention methods, and common behavioral practices among female sex workers (FSWs) and men who frequent FSWs in Mukuru, an urban slum community in Nairobi, Kenya. Nineteen women and 21 men took part in six focus group discussions. Results: Most participants, both male and female, responded positively to the concept of an IVR as a device for delivering microbicides. Women particularly liked the convenience offered by its slow-release capacity. Some female respondents raised concerns about whether male customers would discover the ring and respond negatively, whereas others thought it unlikely that their clients would feel the ring. Focus groups conducted with male clients of FSWs suggested that many would be enthusiastic about women, and particularly sex workers, using a microbicide ring, but that women's fears about negative responses to covert use were well founded. Overall, this high-risk population of FSWs and male clients in Nairobi was very open to the IVR as a potential HIV prevention device. Conclusion: Themes that emerged from the focus groups highlight the importance of understanding attitudes toward IVRs as well as cultural practices that may impact IVR use in high-risk populations when pursuing clinical development of this potential HIV prevention device.	,ACCEPTABILITY,"DRY SEX",INFECTION,MICROBICIDE,SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES,TRIAL,"VAGINAL RING",WOMEN	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928012852	Students want HIV testing in schools a formative evaluation of the acceptability of HIV testing and counselling at schools in Gauteng and North West provinces in South Africa	Madiba S., Mokgatle M.	2015	BMC Public Health	15	1	10.1186/s12889-015-1746-x	Department of Environmental and Occupational Heath, School of Public Health, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa	Madiba, S., Department of Environmental and Occupational Heath, School of Public Health, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa; Mokgatle, M., Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa	Background: The proposal by the South African Health Ministry to implement HIV testing and counselling (HTC) at schools in 2011 generated debates about the appropriateness of such testing. However, the debate has been between the Ministries of Education and Health, with little considerations of the students. The main aim of the study was to assess the students' opinions and uptake of HIV testing and counselling in general, and the acceptability of the provision of HIV testing and counselling in schools. The study also determined the association between socio-demographic characteristics, sexual behaviour, and HIV testing behaviour of the students. Methods: A survey was conducted among grade 10-12 high school students in North West and Gauteng provinces, South Africa. Seventeen high schools (nine rural and eight urban) were randomly selected for the administration of a researcher-assisted, self-administered, semi-structured questionnaire. Results: A total of 2970 students aged 14-27 years participated in the study; 1632 (55%) were girls, 1810 (61%) ever had sex, and 1271 (49.8%) had more than one sex partner. The mean age of first sexual activity was 15.6. Half (n∈=∈1494, 50.1%) had been tested for HIV. Having multiple sexual partners, age, and gender were significantly associated with increased odds of having had a HIV test. Fear, being un-informed about HTC, and low HIV risk perceptions were the reasons for not getting tested. The acceptability of HTC at school was high (n∈=∈2282, 76.9%) and 2129 (71.8%) were willing to be tested at school. Appropriateness, privacy, and secrecy were the main arguments for and against HTC at school. One-third (n∈=∈860, 29%) had intentions to disclose their HIV status to students versus 1258 (42.5%) for teachers. Stigma, discrimination and secrecy were the primary reasons students did not intend to disclose. Conclusions: A high acceptability of HTC and willingness to be tested at school suggest that HIV prevention programs tailored to youth have a high potential of success given the readiness of students to uptake HTC. Bringing HIV testing to the school setting will increase the uptake of HTC among youth and contribute towards efforts to scale up HTC in South Africa. © 2015 Madiba and Mokgatle; licensee BioMed Central.	Acceptability of HTC at school; Disclosure; HIV status; Sexual behaviour; South Africa; Stigma and discrimination; Students; Uptake of HTC	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33845677291	Evaluation of acceptance and commitment therapy for drug refractory epilepsy: A randomized controlled trial in South Africa - A pilot study	Lundgren T., Dahl J., Melin L., Kies B.	2006	Epilepsia	47	12	10.1111/j.1528-1167.2006.00892.x	Department of Psychology, University of Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Neurology, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Box 1225, 751-42 Uppsala, Sweden	Lundgren, T., Department of Psychology, University of Uppsala, Sweden, Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Box 1225, 751-42 Uppsala, Sweden; Dahl, J., Department of Psychology, University of Uppsala, Sweden; Melin, L., Department of Psychology, University of Uppsala, Sweden; Kies, B., Department of Neurology, University of Cape Town, South Africa	Purpose: Psychological interventions in the treatment of epilepsy have been developed and evaluated for many years but the amount of research has hardly made an impact on how epilepsy is treated. The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a psychological treatment program consisting of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) together with some behavioral seizure control technology shown to be successful in earlier research. Methods: The method consisted of a randomized controlled trial group design with repeated measures (n = 27). All participants had an EEG verified epilepsy diagnosis with drug refractory seizures. Participants were randomized into one of two conditions, ACT or supportive therapy (ST). Therapeutic effects were measured by examining changes in quality of life (SWLS and WHOQOL) and seizure index (frequency x duration). Both treatment conditions consisted of only nine hours of professional therapy distributed in two individual and two group sessions during a four-week period. Results: The results showed significant effects over all of the dependent variables for the ACT group as compared to the ST group at six- and twelve-month follow-ups. Conclusions: The results from this study suggest that a short-term psychotherapy program combined with anticonvulsant drugs may help to prevent the long-term disability that occurs from drug refractory seizures. © 2006 International League Against Epilepsy.	Acceptance and commitment therapy; Epilepsy; Seizure control techniques; South Africa	anticonvulsive agent; carbamazepine; phenytoin; adult; article; behavior therapy; clinical article; clinical research; clinical trial; comparative study; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; electroencephalogram; epilepsy; evaluation; female; human; male; pilot study; priority journal; psychiatric treatment; psychologic assessment; psychotherapy; quality of life; randomized controlled trial; short course therapy; therapy effect; treatment outcome; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Behavior Therapy; Combined Modality Therapy; Drug Resistance; Epilepsy; Female; Health Status; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Psychotherapy, Brief; Psychotherapy, Group; Quality of Life; South Africa; Treatment Outcome	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33846326302	Performance of a parabolic trough solar collector	Brooks M.J., Mills I., Harms T.M.	2006	Journal of Energy in Southern Africa	17	3	None	Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mangosuthu Technikon, South Africa; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa	Brooks, M.J., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mangosuthu Technikon, South Africa; Mills, I., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mangosuthu Technikon, South Africa; Harms, T.M., Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa	The performance of a South African parabolic trough solar collector (PTSC) module has been characterised using the ASHRAE 93-1986 standard. The collector is designed for component testing and development in a solar energy research programme. Low-temperature testing was performed at Mangosuthu Technikon's STARlab facility using water as the working fluid. Both an evacuated glass-shielded receiver and an unshielded receiver were tested, with which peak thermal efficiencies of 53.8% and 55.2% were obtained respectively. The glass-shielded element offered superior performance at the maximum test temperature, desensitising the receiver to wind and reducing the overall heat loss coefficient by half. The collector time constants for both receivers indicate low thermal inertia and the measured acceptance angles exceed the tracking accuracy of the PTSC, ensuring the collector operates within 2% of its optimal efficiency at all times. Off-sun thermal loss results and the behaviour of the PTSC under increased angles of incidence are described. A description of the test system components is given.	Acceptance angle; Optical efficiency; Parabolic trough collector; Time constant	Acceptance angle; Optical efficiency; Parabolic trough collector; Time constants; Heat losses; Project management; Solar energy; Standardization; Temperature control; Solar collectors	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-82455181977	Intrinsic and tomographic evaluation of siemens e.cam® SPECT system at the Korle-Bu teaching hospital (Ghana)	Sosu E.K., Hasford F., Nani E.K., Amuasi J.H., Otoo F.	2011	Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology	3	10	None	Radiological and Medical Science Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Kwabenya, Accra, Ghana; School of Nuclear and Allied Science, University of Ghana, Atomic Campus, Accra, Ghana; Radiation Protection Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, P.O. Box LG 80, Legon- Accra, Ghana	Sosu, E.K., Radiological and Medical Science Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Kwabenya, Accra, Ghana; Hasford, F., Radiological and Medical Science Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Kwabenya, Accra, Ghana; Nani, E.K., Radiological and Medical Science Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Kwabenya, Accra, Ghana; Amuasi, J.H., School of Nuclear and Allied Science, University of Ghana, Atomic Campus, Accra, Ghana; Otoo, F., Radiation Protection Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, P.O. Box LG 80, Legon- Accra, Ghana	Intrinsic and tomographic evaluation tests on the Siemens e.cam® Signature Series Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) system were conducted to ensure that it meets the specification required by the user and the capabilities claimed by the manufacturer after installation. The tests were performed according to National Electrical Manufacturers Association protocols and various measuring instrument and point sources containing 99 m-Tc were used. Intrinsic tests performed include intrinsic flood uniformity, intrinsic count rate performance in air and intrinsic energy resolution. Whole body scanning, SPECT resolution without scatter, SPECT resolution with inserts, SPECT uniformity and center of rotation were also evaluated. The intrinsic count rate performance measured was 300kcps as against manufactures' specification of 310 kcps, intrinsic energy resolution was 9.31% whiles manufacturers' specification was # 9.9% and center of rotation specification is that Max. X-Min. X< 1 pixel and RMS < 0.5 whiles values measured was 0.254 and 0.10 for LEAP and 0.092 and 0.083 for LEHR collimators. The evaluation confirm that the SPECT system met the requirements for clinical medical imagine and also the values obtained could be used as baseline data for future quality control. © Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2011.	Acceptance testing; Quality control; Radio pharmaceuticals; Radioactivity; Tomography; Uniformity	Acceptance testing; Baseline data; Center of rotation; Count rate performance; Evaluation test; Intrinsic energy resolution; Measuring instruments; National Electrical Manufacturers Associations; Point sources; Radio pharmaceuticals; Siemens; SPECT system; Tomographic; Uniformity; Whole body; Hospitals; Quality control; Radioactivity; Rotation; Specifications; Tomography; Single photon emission computed tomography	None
WoS	WOS:000300154900001	Evaluation of knowledge levels amongst village AIDS committees after undergoing HIV educational sessions: results from a pilot study in rural Tanzania	Epsley, Elizabeth J.,Nhandi, Benjamin,Todd, Jim,Urassa, Mark,Wringe, Alison	2011	BMC INTERNATIONAL HEALTH AND HUMAN RIGHTS	11	None	10.1186/1472-698X-11-14	University of London	"Epsley, Elizabeth J.: University of London","Todd, Jim: University of London","Wringe, Alison: University of London",	Background: Village AIDS committees (VAC) were formed by the Tanzanian government in 2003 to provide HIV education to their communities. However, their potential has not been realised due to their limited knowledge and misconceptions surrounding HIV, which could be addressed through training of VAC members. In an attempt to increase HIV knowledge levels and address common misconceptions amongst the VACs, an HIV curriculum was delivered to members in rural north western Tanzania. Methods: An evaluation of HIV knowledge was conducted prior to and post-delivery of HIV training sessions, within members of three VACs in Kisesa ward. Quantitative surveys were used with several open-ended questions to identify local misconceptions and evaluate HIV knowledge levels. Short educational training sessions covering HIV transmission, prevention and treatment were conducted, with each VAC using quizzes, role-plays and participatory learning and action tools. Post-training surveys occurred up to seven days after the final training session. Results: Before the training, "good" HIV knowledge was higher amongst men than women (p = 0.041), and among those with previous HIV education (p = 0.002). The trade-centre had a faster turn-over of VAC members, and proximity to the trade-centre was associated with a shorter time on the committee. Training improved HIV knowledge levels with more members achieving a "good" score in the post-training survey compared with the baseline survey (p = &lt; 0.001). The training programme was popular, with 100% of participants requesting further HIV training in the future and 51.7% requesting training at three-monthly intervals. Conclusions: In this setting, a series of HIV training sessions for VACs demonstrated encouraging results, with increased HIV knowledge levels following short educational sessions. Further work is required to assess the success of VAC members in disseminating this HIV education to their communities, as well as up-scaling this pilot study to other regions in Tanzania with different misconceptions.	,ACCESS,"AFRICAN YOUTH","ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY",DISCRIMINATION,"HEALTH INTERVENTION",PEOPLE,PREVENTION,PROGRAM,SCALING-UP,STIGMA	None	None
WoS	WOS:000282002900019	Better Antiretroviral Therapy Outcomes at Primary Healthcare Facilities: An Evaluation of Three Tiers of ART Services in Four South African Provinces	Bock, Peter,Fatti, Geoffrey,Grimwood, Ashraf	2010	PLOS ONE	5	9	10.1371/journal.pone.0012888	University of Cape Town, Kheth Impilo	None	Background: There are conflicting reports of antiretroviral therapy (ART) effectiveness comparisons between primary healthcare (PHC) facilities and hospitals in low-income settings. This comparison has not been evaluated on a broad scale in South Africa. Methodology/Principal Findings: A retrospective cohort study was conducted including ART-naive adults from 59 facilities in four provinces in South Africa, enrolled between 2004 and 2007. Kaplan-Meier estimates, competing-risks Cox regression, generalised estimating equation population-averaged models and logistic regression were used to compare death, loss to follow-up (LTFU) and virological suppression (VS) between PHC, district and regional hospitals. 29 203 adults from 47 PHC facilities, nine district hospitals and three regional hospitals were included. Patients at PHC facilities had more advanced WHO stage disease when starting ART. Retention in care was 80.1% (95% CI: 79.3%-80.8%), 71.5% (95% CI: 69.1%-73.8%) and 68.7% (95% CI: 67.0%-69.7%) at PHC, district and regional hospitals respectively, after 24 months of treatment (P&lt;0.0001). In adjusted regression analyses, LTFU was independently increased at regional hospitals (aHR 2.19; 95% CI: 1.94-2.47) and mortality was independently elevated at district hospitals (aHR 1.60; 95% CI: 1.30-1.99) compared to PHC facilities after 12 months of ART. District and regional hospital patients had independently reduced probabilities of VS, aOR 0.76 (95% CI: 0.59-0.97) and 0.64 (95% CI: 0.56-0.75) respectively compared to PHC facilities over 24 months of treatment. Conclusions/Significance: ART outcomes were superior at PHC facilities, despite PHC patients having more advanced clinical stage disease when starting ART, suggesting that ART can be adequately provided at this level and supporting the South African government's call for rapid up-scaling of ART at the primary level of care. Further prospective research is required to determine the degree to which outcome differences are attributable to either facility level characteristics or patient co-morbidity at hospital level.	,ACCESS,BARRIERS,CHILDREN,FOLLOW-UP,"INCOME COUNTRIES",MORTALITY,"RESOURCE-LIMITED SETTINGS","SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA",SURVIVAL,"TREATMENT PROGRAM"	None	None
WoS	WOS:000262233800001	Building capacity for antiretroviral delivery in South Africa: A qualitative evaluation of the PALSA PLUS nurse training programme	Bateman, E.,Bheekie, A.,English, R.,Fairall, L.,Lewin, S.,Mayers, P.,Stein, J.,Zwarenstein, M.	2008	BMC HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH	8	None	10.1186/1472-6963-8-240	South African Medical Research Council, University of Cape Town, University of London, University of the Western Cape, University of Toronto, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Sunnybrook Res Inst	"Bateman, E.: University of Cape Town","Bheekie, A.: University of the Western Cape","Mayers, P.: University of Cape Town","Stein, J.: University of Cape Town",	Background: South Africa recently launched a national antiretroviral treatment programme. This has created an urgent need for nurse-training in antiretroviral treatment ( ART) delivery. The PALSA PLUS programme provides guidelines and training for primary health care (PHC) nurses in the management of adult lung diseases and HIV/AIDS, including ART. A process evaluation was undertaken to document the training, explore perceptions regarding the value of the training, and compare the PALSA PLUS training approach ( used at intervention sites) with the provincial training model. The evaluation was conducted alongside a randomized controlled trial measuring the effects of the PALSA PLUS nurse-training ( Trial reference number ISRCTN24820584). Methods: Qualitative methods were utilized, including participant observation of training sessions, focus group discussions and interviews. Data were analyzed thematically. Results: Nurse uptake of PALSA PLUS training, with regard not only to ART specific components but also lung health, was high. The ongoing on-site training of all PHC nurses, as opposed to the once-off centralized training provided for ART nurses only at non-intervention clinics, enhanced nurses' experience of support for their work by allowing, not only for ongoing experiential learning, supervision and emotional support, but also for the ongoing managerial review of all those infrastructural and system-level changes required to facilitate health provider behaviour change and guideline implementation. The training of all PHC nurses in PALSA PLUS guideline use, as opposed to ART nurses only, was also perceived to better facilitate the integration of AIDS care within the clinic context. Conclusion: PALSA PLUS training successfully engaged all PHC nurses in a comprehensive approach to a range of illnesses affecting both HIV positive and negative patients. PHC nurse-training for integrated systems-based interventions should be prioritized on the ART funding agenda. Training for individual provider behaviour change is nonetheless only one aspect of the ongoing system-wide interventions required to effect lasting improvements in patient care in the context of an over-burdened and under-resourced PHC system.	,ACCESS,CARE,COUNTRIES,CRISIS,"HEALTH SYSTEMS",HIV,HIV/AIDS,IMPLEMENTATION,TUBERCULOSIS,WILL	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78649989738	Evaluation of water poverty index in Ondo State, Nigeria	Yahaya O., Akinro A.O., Mogaji Kehinde O., Ologunagba B.	2009	Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences	4	10	None	Right Foundation Academy, Ikare-Akoko, Ondo-State, Nigeria; Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Department of Civil Engineering, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Nigeria; Department of Agricultural Enginee	Yahaya, O., Right Foundation Academy, Ikare-Akoko, Ondo-State, Nigeria; Akinro, A.O., Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Mogaji Kehinde, O., Department of Civil Engineering, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Nigeria; Ologunagba, B., Department of Agricultural Engineering, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Nigeria	An increasing world population exerts a continually growing demand on usable freshwater resource and matching the demand with supply of safe drinking water has resulted to serious social-economic constraints. Time and drudgery involved to access safe drinking resulted to loss of human capital, thus affects nearly every household activity. This paper focuses on the evaluation of Water Poverty Index (WPI) as an integrated tool veritable for all the local government areas in Ondo State of Nigeria to address their water sector. Simple time analysis and composite index approaches were employed to compute WPI values in all the sampled areas. Variables such as water resource, access to safe water, use of water and environmental impacts were considered. The ranking of WPI values from the two approaches shows that Ese-Odo is the most water-stressed with least WPI values of 10.1 points (composite index) and highest value of 1.4 minsl-1 (simple time analysis), while Owo, Ondo-West and Ose local government areas are less water stressed with WPI values of 0.55 minsl-1, 17.8; 0.53 minsl-1, 16.2; and 0.5 minsl-1, 17.1 respectively. The results obtained indicate that constructive investment in water and sanitation improves Human Development Index (HDI). However, this paper concludes that to prevent the occurrence of virtual water situation and improve water supply, researches of this nature should be conducted from time to time and government at all levels should holistically address the problem. © 2006-2009 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN).	Access; Dry; Ese-Odo; Freshwater; Household; Season; Water poverty index; Water stress; Wet	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84875467537	Sex disparities in tuberculosis suspect evaluation: A cross-sectional analysis in rural Uganda	Miller C.R., Davis J.L., Katamba A., Sserwanga A., Kakeeto S., Kizito F., Cattamanchi A.	2013	International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease	17	4	10.5588/ijtld.12.0263	Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, United States; Curry International Tuberculosis Center, Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, 1001 Potrero Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94110, United States; School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Makerere University of California San Francisco Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda; National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control Programme, Uganda Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Medicine, Mulago Hospital, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda	Miller, C.R., Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, United States; Davis, J.L., Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, United States, Curry International Tuberculosis Center, Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, 1001 Potrero Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94110, United States, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States, Makerere University of California San Francisco Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda; Katamba, A., Makerere University of California San Francisco Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda, National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control Programme, Uganda Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda, Department of Medicine, Mulago Hospital, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Sserwanga, A., Makerere University of California San Francisco Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda; Kakeeto, S., Makerere University of California San Francisco Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda; Kizito, F., Makerere University of California San Francisco Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda; Cattamanchi, A., Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, United States, Curry International Tuberculosis Center, Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, 1001 Potrero Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94110, United States, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States, Makerere University of California San Francisco Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda	SETTING: Six primary health care centers in rural Uganda. OBJECTIVE: To compare the quality of tuberculosis (TB) evaluation for men and women presenting to primary health care facilities in high-burden settings. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study using indicators derived from the International Standards of Tuberculosis Care (ISTC) to compare the quality of TB evaluation services provided to men and women. RESULTS: Of 161 230 patient visits between January 2009 and December 2010, 112 329 (69.7%) were women. We considered 3308 (2.1%) patients with cough >2 weeks as TB suspects, of whom 1871 (56.6%) were women. Female TB suspects were less likely to be referred for sputum smear examination (45.9% vs. 61.6%, P < 0.001), to complete sputum smear examination if referred (73.7% vs. 78.3%, P = 0.024) and to receive comprehensive evaluation and care as defined by the ISTC (33.0% vs. 45.6%, P < 0.001). After adjusting for age, clinic site and visit date, women remained less likely to be referred for sputum smear examination (risk ratio [RR] 0.81, 95%CI 0.74-0.89, P < 0.001) and to receive ISTC-recommended care (RR 0.79, 95%CI 0.72-0.86, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Strategies to ensure that women receive appropriate TB evaluation could provide a valuable opportunity for increasing case detection while also promoting equitable and universal access to care. © 2013 The Union.	Access; Equity; Operational research; TB diagnostics; Women	tuberculostatic agent; adult; article; clinical evaluation; controlled study; coughing; cross-sectional study; differential diagnosis; female; health care access; health care disparity; health care quality; human; major clinical study; male; patient compliance; patient referral; primary health care; priority journal; rural area; sex difference; sputum smear; tuberculosis; Uganda; Adult; Antitubercular Agents; Cough; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Health Services Accessibility; Healthcare Disparities; Humans; Male; Multivariate Analysis; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Odds Ratio; Primary Health Care; Quality of Health Care; Referral and Consultation; Risk Factors; Rural Health Services; Sex Factors; Sputum; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Uganda; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84896914550	The first-year augmented programme in Physics: A trend towards improved student performance	Chetty N.	2014	South African Journal of Science	110	42371	10.1590/sajs.2014/20120096	School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, PO Box X01 Scottsville 3209, South Africa	Chetty, N., School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, PO Box X01 Scottsville 3209, South Africa	Amidst a critical national shortage of qualified Black graduates in the pure and applied sciences, the University of KwaZulu-Natal has responded to a call from government for redress by launching the BSc4 Augmented Physics programme. In this paper, the methods employed to foster learning and to encourage student success in the Mechanics module of the Augmented Physics programme are described and discussed. The use of problem-based learning and a holistic learning policy that focuses on the emotional, physical and knowledge development of the student seems to have yielded higher throughput in the first semester of an undergraduate programme in Physics. Furthermore, the results point to an increase in the conceptual understanding of the student with respect to Mechanics. When appraising this success, the results of the 2007-2009 cohorts, with and without teaching interventions in place, were analysed. These initial analyses pave the way for a course designed to benefit the student and improve throughput. These methods are not unique to Physics and can be adapted for any module in any country. © 2014. The Authers.	Access; Extended curriculum; Language; Problem-based learning; Study techniques	curriculum; government; learning; mechanics; physics; student; teaching; KwaZulu-Natal; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-50449084792	Understanding diversity in impact and responses among HIV/AIDS-affected households: The case of Msinga, South Africa	Swaans K., Broerse J., Van Diepen I., Salomon M., Gibson D., Bunders J.	2008	African Journal of AIDS Research	7	2	10.2989/AJAR.2008.7.2.2.519	Athena Institute for Research on Innovation and Communication in Health and Life Sciences, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands; Medical Anthropology and Sociology Unit, University of Amsterdam, Oudezijds Achterburgwal 185, 1012 DK Amsterdam, Netherlands; Farmer Support Group, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 1 Golf Road, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa	Swaans, K., Athena Institute for Research on Innovation and Communication in Health and Life Sciences, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands; Broerse, J., Athena Institute for Research on Innovation and Communication in Health and Life Sciences, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands; Van Diepen, I., Athena Institute for Research on Innovation and Communication in Health and Life Sciences, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands, Medical Anthropology and Sociology Unit, University of Amsterdam, Oudezijds Achterburgwal 185, 1012 DK Amsterdam, Netherlands; Salomon, M., Farmer Support Group, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 1 Golf Road, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Gibson, D., Medical Anthropology and Sociology Unit, University of Amsterdam, Oudezijds Achterburgwal 185, 1012 DK Amsterdam, Netherlands; Bunders, J., Athena Institute for Research on Innovation and Communication in Health and Life Sciences, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands	To gain a more comprehensive understanding of the impact of HIV and AIDS on rural households in Msinga, South Africa, the sustainable livelihoods framework was adapted. An ethnographic perspective was employed to examine: 1) the impact of HIV/AIDS-related illnesses on people's mind and spirit (the internal environment), and 2) the influence of institutional structures and processes (the external environment), in order to better understand 3) the actions taken by individuals and households in response to HIV and AIDS. Members of three support groups at a local drop-in centre were consulted about the impact of HIV and AIDS on their lives through focus groups, a questionnaire and in-depth interviews. The study shows that the psychosocial impact and associated coping strategies, as well as prevailing gender-based power relations and exclusion from social-exchange networks - which are not (readily) available factors in the sustainable livelihoods framework - affect people's lives in different ways and depend on the specific situation of the individual or household concerned. The study confirms the need to restore a household's resource base and to address psychosocial issues. However, the variation in impact to different households requires a diversified and holistic programme of development interventions. Copyright © NISC Pty Ltd.	Accessibility; Coping; Mitigation strategies; Psychosocial aspects; Resource-poor settings; Sustainable livelihoods framework	acquired immune deficiency syndrome; adolescent; adult; article; coping behavior; ethnographic research; female; holistic care; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; Human immunodeficiency virus prevalence; interview; major clinical study; male; questionnaire; rural area; sex ratio; social aspect; social psychology; South Africa; support group; sustainable development	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80051960855	Growth performance of weanling wistar rats fed on accessions of cooked colocasia esculenta-based diets	Lewu M.N., Yakubu T.M., Adebola P.O., Afolayan A.J.	2011	Journal of Medicinal Food	14	9	10.1089/jmf.2010.0253	Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa; Phytomedicine, Toxicology, Reproductive and Developmental Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Plant Breeding Division	Lewu, M.N., Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa; Yakubu, T.M., Phytomedicine, Toxicology, Reproductive and Developmental Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Adebola, P.O., Plant Breeding Division, ARC-Vegetable and Ornamental Plant Institute, Pretoria, South Africa; Afolayan, A.J., Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa	The growth performance of weanling albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) maintained on different accessions (offspring of a variety that was planted/collected at a specific location and time but differing in certain morphologic characteristics) of cooked Colocasia esculenta (cocoyam)-based diets (UFCe1-UFCe7) for 28 days was investigated. Proximate analysis of the formulated diets revealed that UFCe3, UFCe4, UFCe5, UFCe6, and UFCe7 had significantly (P<.05) higher moisture contents than the corn starch-based diet (control). All the accession-based diets of C. esculenta had higher ash contents. Similarly, all the accessions of the C. esculenta-based diet had lower crude lipid content, whereas UFCe3-UFCe7 had significantly lower protein content. Although the crude fiber content was significantly higher in UFCe2, UFCe4, and UFCe5, only UFCe3 had significantly higher carbohydrate content among all the accessions of C. esculenta-based diets. UFCe1, UFCe2, UFCe4, UFCe5, and UFCe6 increased the average weekly water intake, feed consumption, total body weight, liver-body weight ratio, and kidney-body weight ratio of the animals; UFCe3 and UFCe7 decreased these measures. Overall, UFCe1, UFCe2, UFCe4, UFCe5, and UFCe6 are recommended as diets with promise to enhance growth performance in the animals. © Copyright 2011, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.	accession; cocoyam; Colocasia esculenta; growth performance	starch; animal experiment; animal food; article; ash; body growth; body weight; Colocasia; Colocasia esculenta; controlled study; cooking; dietary fiber; dietary intake; female; fluid intake; food composition; kidney mass; lipid composition; liver weight; male; moisture; nonhuman; priority journal; protein content; rat; weaning; Animal Feed; Animals; Colocasia; Drinking; Energy Intake; Female; Hot Temperature; Kidney; Liver; Male; Organ Size; Plant Tubers; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Wistar; South Africa; Species Specificity; Water; Weaning; Weight Gain; Animalia; Colocasia esculenta; Rattus norvegicus; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953752589	Evaluation of b-ODAP content in forage, grain and straw of Lathyrus sativus in North West Ethiopia	Denekew Y., Tsega W.	2009	Livestock Research for Rural Development	21	12	None	Forage and Pasture Researcher, Andassa Livestock Research Center, P.O.BOX:27, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Feeds and Nutrition Researcher, Andassa Livestock Research Center, P.O.BOX:27, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia	Denekew, Y., Forage and Pasture Researcher, Andassa Livestock Research Center, P.O.BOX:27, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Tsega, W., Feeds and Nutrition Researcher, Andassa Livestock Research Center, P.O.BOX:27, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia	The research was undertaken from mid September 2006 to January 2007 at Dembia trial site of Gondar Agricultural Research Center. The aim of the study was to evaluate the β-ODAP content in forage, grain and straw of improved and local grass pea lines. The treatments were six grass pea accessions replicated three times and arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The four treatments of grass pea accessions (ILAT-LS-LS-B1, ILAT-LS-LS-B2, ILAT-LS-K-290 and ILAT-LS-610) were brought from Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center (DZARC) and the two local lines Kok- Egir and Shanko were collected from the study area based on their seed coat color. Analysis of variance showed significant (P< 0.05) variation among grass pea accessions in β-ODAP content of straw, grain and forage DM with a mean of 0.15%, 0.25% and 0.23%, respectively. Improved grass pea lines that where brought from DZARC showed low ODAP content compared to the locally available lines. Therefore, improvement and dissemination of low β-ODAP grass pea varieties would be of great help to the resource-poor farmers in providing protein-rich food and nutritious fodder/feed for the livestock. Additional comprehensive study is required to evaluate the impact on meat and milk through feeding of grass pea grain and fodder for different class of animals.	Accession; Dry matter; Grass pea and lathyrism	Animalia; Lathyrus; Lathyrus sativus; Pisum sativum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34250852240	Evaluation of pearl millet accessions for yield and nutrient composition	Amodu J.T., Adeyinka I.A., Kallah M.S., Alawa J.P.	2007	Journal of Biological Sciences	7	2	None	National Animal Production Research Institute, Ahmadu Bello University, Shika-Zaria, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru-Zaria, Nigeria	Amodu, J.T., National Animal Production Research Institute, Ahmadu Bello University, Shika-Zaria, Nigeria; Adeyinka, I.A., National Animal Production Research Institute, Ahmadu Bello University, Shika-Zaria, Nigeria; Kallah, M.S., National Animal Production Research Institute, Ahmadu Bello University, Shika-Zaria, Nigeria; Alawa, J.P., Department of Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru-Zaria, Nigeria	An experiment was carried out in 2001 and 2002 at the Forage and Crop Residue Research Programme of the National Animal Production Research, Institute, Shika, Nigeria, to evaluate the yield components and nutrient composition of three accessions of pearl millet (Mokwa, Bunkure and Kankara). The three accessions were planted in completely randomized block design in three replications. Sowing was carried out in both years of the trial at the rate of 4 kg seeds per hectare on 10×7.5 m plot. Parameters assessed included plant height, number of tillers/culm, percentage green, leaf stem ratio, fodder yield (fresh and dry weights). CP, CF, EE, NFE, ash, P, Ca and Mg. Results showed that at 116 post-planting, there were varietal differences in height, tillering ability, leafiness and greenness, which were found significant (p&lt;0.05). The Bunkure accession which was taller, greener and higher in number of tillers had the highest fodder yield of 9.07 and 7.32 t ha-1 of fresh weight and dry weight, respectively. In the three accessions there were no significant differences (p&gt;0.05) in the leaf:stem ratio. Differences between accessions in terms of EE, NFE and P were not significantly different (p&gt;0.05) while significant differences were noticed in ash, CP, CF and Mg content of the millet accessions. © 2007 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Accessions; Evaluation; Millet; Nutrient; Yield	calcium; magnesium; phosphorus; article; ash; dry weight; Nigeria; pearl millet; plant height; plant leaf; plant nutrient; plant stem; sowing; Animalia; Pennisetum glaucum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-58449089773	The impact of primary health care on malaria morbidity - Defining access by disease burden	O'Meara W.P., Noor A., Gatakaa H., Tsofa B., McKenzie F.E., Marsh K.	2009	Tropical Medicine and International Health	14	1	10.1111/j.1365-3156.2008.02194.x	Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Collaborative Program, Nairobi, Kenya; Kenya Medical Research Institute, CGMRC/Wellcome Trust Collaborative Program, Kilifi, Kenya; Ministry of Health, Kilifi, Kenya	O'Meara, W.P., Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Noor, A., KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Collaborative Program, Nairobi, Kenya; Gatakaa, H., Kenya Medical Research Institute, CGMRC/Wellcome Trust Collaborative Program, Kilifi, Kenya; Tsofa, B., Ministry of Health, Kilifi, Kenya; McKenzie, F.E., Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Marsh, K., Ministry of Health, Kilifi, Kenya	Objectives Primary care facilities are increasingly becoming the focal point for distribution of malaria intervention strategies, but physical access to these facilities may limit the extent to which communities can be reached. To investigate the impact of travel time to primary care on the incidence of hospitalized malaria episodes in a rural district in Kenya. Methods The incidence of hospitalized malaria in a population under continuous demographic surveillance was recorded over 3 years. The time to travel to the nearest primary health care facility was calculated for every child between birth and 5 years of age and trends in incidence of hospitalized malaria as a function of travel time were evaluated. Results The incidence of hospitalized malaria more than doubled as travel time to the nearest primary care facility increased from 10 min to 2 h. Good access to primary health facilities may reduce the burden of disease by as much as 66%. Conclusions Our results highlight both the potential of the primary health care system in reaching those most at risk and reducing the disease burden. Insufficient access is an important risk factor, one that may be inequitably distributed to the poorest households. © 2008 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.	Access; Kenya; Malaria morbidity; Primary health care; Travel time	child health; disease control; health care; malaria; morbidity; travel time; article; child; disease surveillance; health care access; health care facility; hospital admission; hospital patient; human; infant; Kenya; major clinical study; malaria; morbidity; newborn; outpatient care; preschool child; primary health care; rural health care; Ambulatory Care Facilities; Child, Preschool; Endemic Diseases; Health Services Accessibility; Health Services Research; Hospitalization; Humans; Incidence; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Kenya; Malaria; Primary Health Care; Residence Characteristics; Rural Health; Time Factors; Travel; Africa; East Africa; Kenya; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84869750813	Multilingual teachers' voices: Perceptions about the impact of language	Webb L.	2012	Education as Change	16	2	10.1080/16823206.2012.745752	Faculty of Education, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, South Africa	Webb, L., Faculty of Education, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, South Africa	Many teachers in South Africa teach mainly in English, which is not their home language. In order to elicit their inner voices about language issues, 176 senior phase teachers in rural, peri-urban and urban regions of the Eastern Cape were encouraged to write poetry about their perceptions of the impact of language in their lives. The most prevalent conflict they expressed was the dominance of English juxtaposed against the subordination of their home languages, either isiXhosa or Afrikaans. They felt that English gave them access to education and upward employment mobility, whereas they were excluded from various discourses when they used their home languages. The use of poetry to understand how teachers make meaning of the potential conflicts caused by teaching in English revealed feelings and emotions that may not have been as obvious, or as evocative, if other data-gathering methods had been used. Further research is suggested strategies that could use both English and the pupils' home languages as a resource in multilingual classrooms. © 2012 Copyright The University of Johannesburg.	access; language; multilingual; perceptions; poetry; power	None	None
WoS	WOS:000262517900008	The impact of distance of residence from a peripheral health facility on pediatric health utilisation in rural western Kenya	Adazu, Kubaje,Audi, Allan,Feikin, Daniel R.,Lindblade, Kim A.,Nguyen, Ly Minh,Ombok, Maurice,Slutsker, Laurence	2009	TROPICAL MEDICINE &amp; INTERNATIONAL HEALTH	14	1	10.1111/j.1365-3156.2008.02193.x	CDC, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention - USA, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr	None	To explore the impact of distance on utilisation of peripheral health facilities for sick child visits in Asembo, rural western Kenya. As part of a demographic surveillance system (DSS), censuses of all households in the Asembo population of 55 000 are conducted three times a year, data are collected at all outpatient pediatric visits in seven DSS clinics in Asembo, and all households are GIS-mapped and linkable to a child's unique DSS identification number. Between May 1, 2003 and April 30, 2004, 3501 clinic visits were linked to 2432 children among 10 973 DSS-resident children &lt; 5 years of age. Younger children and children with more severe illnesses travelled further for clinic visits. The median distance travelled varied by clinic. The rate of clinic visits decreased linearly at 0.5 km intervals up to 4 km, after which the rate stabilised. Using Poisson regression, controlling for the nearest DSS clinic for each child, socio-economic status and maternal education, and accounting for household clustering of children, for every 1 km increase in distance of residence from a DSS clinic, the rate of clinic visits decreased by 34% (95% CI, 31-37%) from the previous kilometer. Achieving equity in access to health care for children in rural Kenya will require creative strategies to address a significant distance-decay effect in health care utilisation.	"access to care",DISTANCE,"health care utilisation",KENYA,ATTENDANCE,CHILDREN,DISTRICT,FEVERS,MALARIA,MORTALITY,SERVICES	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892926566	Impact of oral lesions among South African adults with HIV/AIDS on oral health-related quality of life	Bajomo A.S., Ayo-Yusuf O.A., Rudolph M.J., Tsotsi N.M.	2013	Journal of Dental Sciences	8	4	10.1016/j.jds.2013.04.011	Division of Public Oral Health, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Community Dentistry, Oral and Dental Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Steve Biko Centre for Bioethics, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Bajomo, A.S., Division of Public Oral Health, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Ayo-Yusuf, O.A., Department of Community Dentistry, Oral and Dental Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Rudolph, M.J., Division of Public Oral Health, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Tsotsi, N.M., Steve Biko Centre for Bioethics, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Background/purpose This study examined the association between oral conditions in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune-deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients and the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among South African adults. Materials and methods Participants consisted of 175 HIV-positive adults who visited Johannesburg Hospital's outpatient HIV clinic. A systematic oral examination recorded the presence or absence of HIV-related lesions. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to determine participants' sociodemographic characteristics and access to dental care. It included items adapted from the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP), which measures the OHRQoL. Participants' OHIP scores were not normally distributed, thus were dichotomized as either less than or equal to the median score or greater than the median score: participants with above-median scores had a poorer OHRQoL. The data analysis included a multivariable-adjusted logistic regression analysis. Results In total, 109 (62.3%) subjects had multiple oral lesions. Those with more than two lesions were significantly more likely to report a poorer OHRQoL. Presenting with pseudomembranous candidiasis or erythematous candidal lesions, being female, and having visited a dentist in the last year were significantly associated with a poorer OHRQoL. Conclusion Oral candidal lesions were the most strongly associated with a poorer OHRQoL among the studied adult South African population living with HIV/AIDS. © 2013, Association for Dental Sciences of the Republic of China. Published by Elsevier Taiwan LLC. All rights reserved.	access to care; HIV/AIDS; oral health; oral lesions; quality of life	None	None
None	None	Impact of community health funds on the access to health care: Empirical evidence from rural Tanzania	Msuya J.M., Jütting J.P., Asfaw A.	2007	International Journal of Public Administration	30	42591	10.1080/01900690701227263	Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA), Faculty of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania; OECD Development Center, Paris, France; International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Washington, DC, United States	Msuya, J.M., Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA), Faculty of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania; Jütting, J.P., OECD Development Center, Paris, France; Asfaw, A., International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Washington, DC, United States	In 1996 the Tanzanian government initiated community health insurance schemes to improve access to health care and to protect people against the financial cost of illness in an environment with shrinking budgets for the health sector. This study aims to evaluate the role of the community-health funds (CHF) in lowering the barriers to assessing health care. Three important results emerge from this study: first, the results show that income is amongst the most important factors determining household participation in the schemes. This means that despite exemption mechanisms, the poorest of the poor within the society are not reached as they can not afford to pay regular insurance premiums. Secondly, though we find no significant differences between members and non-members in the overall amount of health expenditure and in the use of preventive measures, sick individuals in member households were 15 percentage points more likely to get treatment than non-member households. Hence, being insured leads to an increase in the effective utilization of health care. Third, the analysis reveals that members of the CHF are better financially protected against health shocks than non members. The result of this work provides further evidence of the important role that micro-insurance schemes can play in the risk management of people in developing countries.	Access to health care; Community health insurance; Equity; Social protection; Tanzania	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84881303266	The impact and effectiveness of transparency and accountability initiatives: Freedom of information	Calland R., Bentley K.	2013	Development Policy Review	31	S1	10.1111/dpr.12020	Democratic Governance and Rights Unit (DGRU), University of Cape Town, South Africa; DGRU, South Africa	Calland, R., Democratic Governance and Rights Unit (DGRU), University of Cape Town, South Africa, DGRU, South Africa; Bentley, K., Democratic Governance and Rights Unit (DGRU), University of Cape Town, South Africa, DGRU, South Africa	Analysis of the impact and effectiveness of Freedom of Information (FOI) legislation has been hampered by lack of systematic evidence and conceptual confusion about what kind of right it represents. This article discusses some of the main conceptual parameters of FOI theory, before reviewing the available evidence from a range of studies. It presents case studies of civil-society activism on FOI in India and South Africa to illustrate the extent to which access to information is having an impact, in particular on socio-economic conditions. After reviewing the range of approaches used, it concludes that the academic community and the FOI community of practice need to come together to devise robust and rigorous methodologies. © 2013 Overseas Development Institute.	Access to information; Effectiveness; Freedom of information; Impact	accountability; civil society; conceptual framework; socioeconomic conditions; India; South Africa	None
WoS	WOS:000331797900011	An Evaluation of Equitable Access to a Community- Based Maternal and Newborn Health Program in Rural Ethiopia	Barry, Danika,Sibley, Lynn,Spangler, Sydney A.	2014	JOURNAL OF MIDWIFERY &amp; WOMENS HEALTH	59	None	10.1111/jmwh.12133	Emory University, MaNHEP, Maternal & Newborn Hlth Ethiopia Partnership MaNH	None	IntroductionThe Maternal and Newborn Health in Ethiopia Partnership (MaNHEP) aimed to promote equitable access to safe childbirth and postnatal care through a community-based educational intervention. This study evaluates the extent to which MaNHEP reached women who are socially and materially disadvantaged and, thus, at high risk for inadequate access to care. MethodsThe data used in this analysis are from MaNHEP's cross-sectional 2010 baseline and 2012 endline surveys of women who gave birth in the prior year. A logistic regression model was fit to examine the effects of sociodemographic characteristics on participation in the MaNHEP program. Descriptive statistics of select characteristics by birth and postnatal care provider were also calculated to explore trends in services use. ResultsUsing data from the endline survey (N = 1019), the regression model showed that age, parity, education, and geographic residence were not significantly associated with MaNHEP exposure. However, women who were materially disadvantaged were still less likely to have participated in the program than their better-off counterparts. From the baseline survey (N = 1027) to the endline survey, women's use of skilled and semiskilled providers for birth care and postnatal care increased substantially, while use of untrained providers or no provider decreased. These shifts were greater for women with less personal wealth than for women with more personal wealth. DiscussionMaNHEP appears to have succeeded in meeting its equity goals to a degree. However, this study also supports the intractable relationship between wealth inequality and access to maternal and newborn health services. Strategies targeting the poor in diverse contexts may eventually prove consistently effective in equitable services delivery. Until that time, a critical step that all maternal and newborn health programs can take is to monitor and evaluate to what extent they are reaching disadvantaged groups within the populations they serve.	"access to services","community-based interventions",ETHIOPIA,"Maternal and newborn health","socioeconomic inequalities and inequities",CARE,"CHILD HEALTH",COUNTDOWN,DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES,INEQUALITIES,INTERVENTIONS,"NATIONAL SURVEYS",REPRODUCTIVE-HEALTH,SE	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84926250365	Using decision tree analysis to understand foundation science student performance. Insight gained at one south african university	Frances Kirby N., Roslyn Dempster E.	2014	International Journal of Science Education	36	17	10.1080/09500693.2014.936921	School of Education, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg Campus, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa	Frances Kirby, N., School of Education, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg Campus, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa; Roslyn Dempster, E., School of Education, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg Campus, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa	The Foundation Programme of the Centre for Science Access at the University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa provides access to tertiary science studies to educationally disadvantaged students who do not meet formal faculty entrance requirements. The low number of students proceeding from the programme into mainstream is of concern, particularly given the national imperative to increase participation and levels of performance in tertiary-level science. An attempt was made to understand foundation student performance in a campus of this university, with the view to identifying challenges and opportunities for remediation in the curriculum and processes of selection into the programme. A classification and regression tree analysis was used to identify which variables best described student performance. The explanatory variables included biographical and school-history data, performance in selection tests, and socio-economic data pertaining to their year in the programme. The results illustrate the prognostic reliability of the model used to select students, raise concerns about the inefficiency of school performance indicators as a measure of students’ academic potential in the Foundation Programme, and highlight the importance of accommodation arrangements and financial support for student success in their access year. ©2014 Taylor & Francis	Access to tertiary science studies; Factors affecting performance; Foundation Programme; Tree analysis	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33749075996	Impact and sustainability of low-head drip irrigation kits, in the semi-arid Gwanda and Beitbridge Districts, Mzingwane Catchment, Limpopo Basin, Zimbabwe	Moyo R., Love D., Mul M., Mupangwa W., Twomlow S.	2006	Physics and Chemistry of the Earth	31	None	10.1016/j.pce.2006.08.020	Department of Civil Engineering, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; WaterNet, P.O. Box MP600, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; ICRISAT Bulawayo, Matopos Research Station, P.O. Box 776, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe; UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, P.O. Box 3015, 2601 DA Delft, Netherlands	Moyo, R., Department of Civil Engineering, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Love, D., WaterNet, P.O. Box MP600, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe, ICRISAT Bulawayo, Matopos Research Station, P.O. Box 776, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe; Mul, M., Department of Civil Engineering, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, P.O. Box 3015, 2601 DA Delft, Netherlands; Mupangwa, W., ICRISAT Bulawayo, Matopos Research Station, P.O. Box 776, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe; Twomlow, S., ICRISAT Bulawayo, Matopos Research Station, P.O. Box 776, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe	Resource-poor smallholder farmers in the semi-arid Gwanda and Beitbridge districts face food insecurity on an annual basis due to a combination of poor and erratic rainfall (average 500 mm/a and 345 mm/a, respectively, for the period 1970-2003) and technologies inappropriate to their resource status. This impacts on both household livelihoods and food security. In an attempt to improve food security in the catchment a number of drip kit distribution programmes have been initiated since 2003 as part of an on-going global initiative aimed at 2 million poor households per year. A number of recent studies have assessed the technical performance of the drip kits in-lab and in-field. In early 2005 a study was undertaken to assess the impacts and sustainability of the drip kit programme. Representatives of the NGOs, local government, traditional leadership and agricultural extension officers were interviewed. Focus group discussions with beneficiaries and other villagers were held at village level. A survey of 114 households was then conducted in two districts, using a questionnaire developed from the output of the interviews and focus group discussions. The results from the study showed that the NGOs did not specifically target the distribution of the drip kits to poor members of the community (defined for the purpose of the study as those not owning cattle). Poor households made up 54% of the beneficiaries. This poor targeting of vulnerable households could have been a result of conditions set by some implementing NGOs that beneficiaries must have an assured water source. On the other hand, only 2% of the beneficiaries had used the kit to produce the expected 5 harvests over the 2 years, owing to problems related to water shortage, access to water and also pests and diseases. About 51% of the respondents had produced at least 3 harvests and 86% produced at least 2 harvests. Due to water shortages during the dry season 61% of production with the drip kit occurred during the wet season. This suggests that most households use the drip kits as supplementary irrigation. Conflicts between beneficiaries and water point committees or other water users developed in some areas especially during the dry season. The main finding from this study was that low cost drip kit programs can only be a sustainable intervention if implemented as an integral part of a long-term development program, not short-term relief programs and the programme should involve a broad range of stakeholders. A first step in any such program, especially in water scarce areas such as Gwanda and Beitbridge, is a detailed analysis of the existing water resources to assess availability and potential conflicts, prior to distribution of drip kits. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Access to water; Drip kits; Intervention targeting; Sustainable intervention; Water availability	Catchments; Food supply; Rain; Water analysis; Drip kits; Intervention targeting; Sustainable intervention; Water availability; Irrigation; agricultural development; agricultural extension; food security; irrigation; resource development; sustainability; water availability; Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Zimbabwe; Bos taurus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84960476670	Profile and economic impact of motorcycle injuries treated at a university referral hospital in Kigali, Rwanda	Allen Ingabire J.C., Petroze R.T., Calland F., Okiria J.C., Byiringiro J.C.	2015	Rwanda Medical Journal	72	4	None	Kigali University Teaching Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda; University of VirginiaVA, United States; Kampala University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda	Allen Ingabire, J.C., Kigali University Teaching Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda, Kampala University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda; Petroze, R.T., Kigali University Teaching Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda, Kampala University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda; Calland, F., Kigali University Teaching Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda, Kampala University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda; Okiria, J.C., University of VirginiaVA, United States, Kampala University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda; Byiringiro, J.C., University of VirginiaVA, United States, Kampala University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda	Background: Motorcycle injuries constitute a major public health problem in developing countries, leading to significant disability and straining healthcare resources. We aim to present the basic epidemiology of motorcycle injuries presenting to an urban referral hospital in Rwanda and to evaluate patient outcomes and associated costs arising from injuries sustained on motorcycles. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study of motorcycle injury patients presenting to Kigali Teaching University Hospital from January-December, 2011. Patients were identified through review of ward registers and trauma registries and stratified into 3 groups based upon length of stay. A representative sample of 269 patients was randomly selected from each group for financial analysis. Data were collected from patient medical, police, and financial records as well as patient interviews. Cost analysis was based upon the standard road accident cost conceptual framework. Data were collected using Epi data 3.1, Excel and analyzed using SPSS 16. Results: A total of 269 motorcycle accident files were examined. Males were more affected than females with sex ratio F:M;1:6.72.Youths were more involved in motorcycle accident (53.2%) than other age group(16-30 years).The majority of Motorcycles victims were motorcyclists, (30.86%), businessmen (20.45%) and students (11.53%). Motorcycle-vehicle (41.61%) was the first cause of motorcycle injuries then motorcycle-pedestrian (30.86%).Helmet use was 92.75%.Head injuries and fractures were the predominant diagnoses (82.15%).About 46.7% had pre-hospital care. The mean hospital stay was 15.43 days, and 38.3% spent more than 15 days in hospitalization. Permanent disability was confirmed in 11.5% (n=31), and mortality was 10.4% (n=28). The total economic cost was estimated at US$1,236,207.31 with 39.40% (US$487,030.30) due to loss of labor and 21.76% due to direct medical costs (US$269,000.84). Conclusions: Motorcycle injuries create a substantial disability and cost burden in Kigali, Rwanda. Prevention and early treatment should be promoted to decrease the morbidity and financial burden. © 2015, Bioline International. All right reserved.	Accident; Casualty; Helmet; Injury pattern; Management; Motorcycle injuries; Outcome; Prevalence; Related cost; Rwanda	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84926147254	Evaluation of major causes of road accidents along north–east highway, nigeria	Yero A.S., Ahmed T.Y., Hainin M.R.	2015	Jurnal Teknologi	73	4	None	Department of Civil Engineering, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, P.M.B 0248, Bauchi, Nigeria; Department of Geotechnics and Transportation, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia	Yero, A.S., Department of Civil Engineering, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, P.M.B 0248, Bauchi, Nigeria; Ahmed, T.Y., Department of Civil Engineering, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, P.M.B 0248, Bauchi, Nigeria; Hainin, M.R., Department of Geotechnics and Transportation, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia	A major road link in the North-Eastern region of Nigeria is the Bauchi – Maiduguri highway that is a 425 km road that links a section of the north east region to other regions of Nigeria. The goods and services to the region are basically transported by road. This has increased vehicular traffic that resulted in increased road accident rates over the years. It is paramount to investigate the major causes of vehicle accidents on this highway as much has not been done to investigate accident cases on the route. The five year accident record on that route was obtained from the Federal Road Safety Corp of Nigeria, the Nigeria Police traffic unit, and the Nigeria union of road traffic workers. The study indicated that speed violation by drivers and bad road conditions contributes greatly in the rate of accidents along the route. Hence the study recommends better road maintenance culture and more sensitization of the road users and enforcement of speed limits. © 2015 Penerbit UTM Press. All rights reserved.	Accident; Highway; Traffic; Vehicles and road safety	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84919572776	Use of ground-penetrating radar for construction monitoring and evaluation of perpetual pavements	Li J., Walubita L.F., Simate G.S., Alvarez A.E., Liu W.	2015	Natural Hazards	75	1	10.1007/s11069-014-1314-1	Changsha University of Science and Technology (CUST), Changsha, Hunan, China; TTI, PVAMU - The Texas A&M University System, College Station, TX, United States; School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Civil Engineering, University of Magdalena, Santa Marta, Colombia; TTI, College Station, TX, United States	Li, J., Changsha University of Science and Technology (CUST), Changsha, Hunan, China, TTI, College Station, TX, United States; Walubita, L.F., TTI, PVAMU - The Texas A&M University System, College Station, TX, United States; Simate, G.S., School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Alvarez, A.E., Department of Civil Engineering, University of Magdalena, Santa Marta, Colombia; Liu, W., TTI, College Station, TX, United States	The inherent quality of perpetual pavement (PP) governs its performance, which consequently influences the frequency and level of the potential accidents during the whole service life.This paper presents the ground-penetrating radar (GPR) as a nondestructive testing (NDT) tool that was utilized for construction monitoring and evaluation of Texas (USA) perpetual pavements. The currently existing Texas PP sections typically consist of hot-mix asphalt layers of over 350-mm total thickness supported on a 200-mm-thick treated (6 % lime or 2 % cement) base, which is resting on a well-compacted in situ subgrade soil. Overall, the results indicate that the GPR has great potential as an effective NDT tool for aiding with the construction quality monitoring, forensic investigations, and structural/performance evaluation of PP structures. In particular, the GPR is useful in determining pavement layer thicknesses, assessing compaction uniformity, locating areas of moisture retention, identifying low-density spots and localized high voided areas, indicative assessment of vertical segregation and debonding, and quality assessment of construction joints. Additionally, the current GPR system has the advantage of rapidly and continuously collecting pavement data up to a depth of 610 mm, together with integrated video images and a GPS system, over any desired highway length while traveling at a nominal speed of about 113 km/h without disturbing conventional traffic. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Accidents; Construction; Density; Ground-penetrating radar; Moisture; Perpetual pavement	None	FHWA, Federal Highway Administration
Scopus	2-s2.0-23944479221	The impact of the use of energy sources on the quality of life of poor communities	Martins J.	2005	Social Indicators Research	72	3	10.1007/s11205-004-5583-z	Bureau of Market Research, University of South Africa, P.O. Box 392, Unisa 0003, South Africa	Martins, J., Bureau of Market Research, University of South Africa, P.O. Box 392, Unisa 0003, South Africa	Over the last few decades, the energy literature has been dominated by a theory of transition. The theory of transition is based on the notion that households gradually ascend an 'energy ladder', which begins with traditional biomass fuels (firewood and charcoal), moves through modern commercial fuels (kerosene and liquid petroleum gas (LPG)) and culminates with the advent of electricity. The ascent of the 'energy body', though not fully understood, is thought to be associated with rising income and increasing levels of urbanisation. Empirical evidence on energy and poverty issues has been to suggest that reality is rather more complex than the simple transitional theory would appear to suggest. To choose an appropriate set of indicators to measure the impact of electrification, this paper takes three basic different perspectives on human welfare, namely, basic needs, monetary, and non-monetary into consideration. According to the basic needs approach, welfare relates to people's ability to satisfy their basic material needs. In the monetary approach it is a generally accepted view that the purchasing power of the household provides the best overall indicator of welfare. According to the non-monetary approach there has been a trend towards complementing economic measures of deprivation with non-monetary measures to obtain a multidimensional view of human well being, particularly by tracking health and education indicators. In the rest of the paper the two primary research projects conducted in two provinces in South Africa, namely KwaZulu-Natal and Limpopo, will be discussed. The one research project is still in process. However, the methodology will be discussed. In this project a comparison will be made of households' experiences in villages with and without electricity to see if and to what extent electrification contributed to the welfare of the communities. In the second project households were interviewed about their experiences in the use of paraffin as source of energy. © Springer 2005.	Accidents; Electricity; Energy sources; Firewood; Needs; Paraffin; Poor; Welfare	electrification; energy resource; energy use; low income population; quality of life; welfare impact; Africa; Eastern Hemisphere; KwaZulu-Natal; Limpopo; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; World	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77954865417	Effects of acclimation temperature on thermal tolerance, locomotion performance and respiratory metabolism in Acheta domesticus L. (Orthoptera: Gryllidae)	Lachenicht M.W., Clusella-Trullas S., Boardman L., Le Roux C., Terblanche J.S.	2010	Journal of Insect Physiology	56	7	10.1016/j.jinsphys.2010.02.010	Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Lachenicht, M.W., Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Clusella-Trullas, S., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Boardman, L., Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Le Roux, C., Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Terblanche, J.S., Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	The effects of acclimation temperature on insect thermal performance curves are generally poorly understood but significant for understanding responses to future climate variation and the evolution of these reaction norms. Here, in Acheta domesticus, we examine the physiological effects of 7-9 days acclimation to temperatures 4°C above and below optimum growth temperature of 29°C (i.e. 25, 29, 33°C) for traits of resistance to thermal extremes, temperature-dependence of locomotion performance (jumping distance and running speed) and temperature-dependence of respiratory metabolism. We also examine the effects of acclimation on mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) enzyme activity. Chill coma recovery time (CRRT) was significantly reduced from 38 to 13min with acclimation at 33-25°C, respectively. Heat knockdown resistance was less responsive than CCRT to acclimation, with no significant effects of acclimation detected for heat knockdown times (25°C: 18.25, 29°C: 18.07, 33°C: 25.5min). Thermal optima for running speed were higher (39.4-40.6°C) than those for jumping performance (25.6-30.9°C). Acclimation temperature affected jumping distance but not running speed (general linear model, p=0.0075) although maximum performance (UMAX) and optimum temperature (TOPT) of the performance curves showed small or insignificant effects of acclimation temperature. However, these effects were sensitive to the method of analysis since analyses of TOPT, UMAX and the temperature breadth (TBR) derived from non-linear curve-fitting approaches produced high inter-individual variation within acclimation groups and reduced variation between acclimation groups. Standard metabolic rate (SMR) was positively related to body mass and test temperature. Acclimation temperature significantly influenced the slope of the SMR-temperature reaction norms, whereas no variation in the intercept was found. The CCO enzyme activity remained unaffected by thermal acclimation. Finally, high temperature acclimation resulted in significant increases in mortality (60-70% at 33°C vs. 20-30% at 25 and 29°C). These results suggest that although A. domesticus may be able to cope with low temperature extremes to some degree through phenotypic plasticity, population declines with warmer mean temperatures of only a few degrees are likely owing to the limited plasticity of their performance curves. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.	Acclimation; Chill coma; Climate change; Critical thermal tolerance; Heat knockdown; House cricket; Performance curves; Respiratory metabolism; Survival	acclimation; adaptation; body mass; climate variation; cricket; enzyme activity; locomotion; metabolism; phenotypic plasticity; physiological response; population decline; reaction norm; respiration; survival; temperature effect; temperature tolerance; acclimatization; animal; animal behavior; article; energy metabolism; Gryllidae; locomotion; physiology; temperature; Acclimatization; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Energy Metabolism; Gryllidae; Locomotion; Temperature; Acheta domesticus; Gryllidae; Hexapoda; Orthoptera	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892879479	Impacts of environmental variability on desiccation rate, plastic responses and population dynamics of Glossina pallidipes	Kleynhans E., Clusella-Trullas S., Terblanche J.S.	2014	Journal of Evolutionary Biology	27	2	10.1111/jeb.12297	Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, South Africa	Kleynhans, E., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Clusella-Trullas, S., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Terblanche, J.S., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa	Physiological responses to transient conditions may result in costly responses with little fitness benefits, and therefore, a trade-off must exist between the speed of response and the duration of exposure to new conditions. Here, using the puparia of an important insect disease vector, Glossina pallidipes, we examine this potential trade-off using a novel combination of an experimental approach and a population dynamics model. Specifically, we explore and dissect the interactions between plastic physiological responses, treatment-duration and -intensity using an experimental approach. We then integrate these experimental results from organismal water-balance data and their plastic responses into a population dynamics model to examine the potential relative fitness effects of simulated transient weather conditions on population growth rates. The results show evidence for the predicted trade-off for plasticity of water loss rate (WLR) and the duration of new environmental conditions. When altered environmental conditions lasted for longer durations, physiological responses could match the new environmental conditions, and this resulted in a lower WLR and lower rates of population decline. At shorter time-scales however, a mismatch between acclimation duration and physiological responses was reflected by reduced overall population growth rates. This may indicate a potential fitness cost due to insufficient time for physiological adjustments to take place. The outcomes of this work therefore suggest plastic water balance responses have both costs and benefits, and these depend on the time-scale and magnitude of variation in environmental conditions. These results are significant for understanding the evolution of plastic physiological responses and changes in population abundance in the context of environmental variability. © 2014 European Society For Evolutionary Biology.	Acclimation; Glossinidae; Plasticity; Population dynamics; Water balance	abundance; acclimation; desiccation; disease vector; entomology; environmental conditions; fly; growth rate; phenotypic plasticity; physiological response; population dynamics; trade-off; water budget; Glossina pallidipes; Glossinidae; Hexapoda; acclimatization; adaptation; animal; article; body size; desiccation; environment; evolution; fluid balance; Glossinidae; growth, development and aging; humidity; insect; physiology; plasticity; population dynamics; temperature; acclimation; Glossinidae; plasticity; population dynamics; water balance; Adaptation, Physiological; Animals; Biological Evolution; Body Size; Desiccation; Environment; Humidity; Population Dynamics; Pupa; Temperature; Tsetse Flies	GEO-0627839, NSF, National Science Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-84937870584	Make the Promise True: a Monitoring and Evaluation Framework for Measuring Quality in Child Protection Service Delivery in Zimbabwe	Sammon E., Godwin M., Rumble L., Nolan A., Matsika A.B., Mayanga N.	2015	Child Indicators Research	8	3	10.1007/s12187-014-9267-1	UNICEF Zimbabwe, 6, Fairbridge Avenue, Belgravia, Harare, Zimbabwe; 5/104 Kirribilli Ave, Kirribilli, NSW, Australia; UNICEF Jakarta, Wisma Metropolitan II, 11th Floor, Jl. Jend. Sudirman Kav. 31, Jakarta, Indonesia; School of Social Work, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Poverty, Vulnerability and Wealth Creation UK Department for International Development (DFID), 3 Norfolk Road, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe	Sammon, E., UNICEF Zimbabwe, 6, Fairbridge Avenue, Belgravia, Harare, Zimbabwe; Godwin, M., 5/104 Kirribilli Ave, Kirribilli, NSW, Australia; Rumble, L., UNICEF Jakarta, Wisma Metropolitan II, 11th Floor, Jl. Jend. Sudirman Kav. 31, Jakarta, Indonesia; Nolan, A., UNICEF Zimbabwe, 6, Fairbridge Avenue, Belgravia, Harare, Zimbabwe; Matsika, A.B., School of Social Work, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Mayanga, N., Poverty, Vulnerability and Wealth Creation UK Department for International Development (DFID), 3 Norfolk Road, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe	Promising Quality: making sure that we deliver excellent services for children, (UNICEF 2012a), is an innovative monitoring and evaluation framework of original and standardised measures developed in Zimbabwe to support child protection providers to deliver quality services for children within a multi-agency child protection system. It is intended to meet the demands of governments, donors and other stakeholders for information on the effectiveness and efficiency of development programming but importantly is a practice which ensures downward accountability to children. It can also be utilised to track programme performance, and in broad terms, value for money in child protection service delivery. Further, Promising Quality has important implications for the creation and strengthening of different types of social capital between children, organisations and government. Promising Quality is constructed to encourage children’s full and meaningful participation in the monitoring and evaluation (M&E) process; it poses three questions and uses four specifically designed instruments to find out if an organization is delivering what children need where and when they need it. In so doing, gaps in the functioning of a comprehensive child protection system are highlighted such that improvements in programming, policy advocacy and investment can be made. This paper argues that Promising Quality - its inception and continuing evolution - is a core component of a rights-based, participatory national child protection system in developing contexts and beyond because of its ability to track gains in efficiency as well as child protection outcomes. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Accountability; Child participation; Child protection systems; Monitoring and evaluation; Social capital; Value for money	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84923109943	The impact of governance on state owned enterprises (SOEs) in Africa	Edoun E.I.	2015	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	6	1	10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n1p352	The University of Johannesburg, South Africa	Edoun, E.I., The University of Johannesburg, South Africa	The creation and strengthening of credible institutions is instrumental for any development initiative. Once these institutions are put in place, transparency and accountability become the tools for good governance to achieve socio-economic development. This article therefore set out to explore the impact that governance has on the developmental role of Public Enterprises in Africa. Public enterprises are created in Africa to contribute to socio-economic development. This study is therefore important in that, it thrives to explore why public enterprises have not over the years played the role for which they were created. However initial findings revealed that, the above failure is related to lack of leadership, maladministration and corruption which are the enemies of good governance, the State and of National Development Plan (NDP) as these impede any development initiative. This paper is divided into five major parts. The first part introduces the problematic of the research; the second part argues about the concept of governance, the third part discusses public enterprises reforms and the justification for decentralisation as a tool for the sustainability of public enterprises. The fourth part explains the methodological approach, data analysis and findings in using the Case of Cameroon. The Fifth part concludes and presents a set of recommendations for future research © 2015 Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences. All rights received.	Accountability; Decentralisation; Governance; Maladministration; State owned enterprises; Transparency	None	None
WoS	WOS:000288485500014	Decentralized health care priority-setting in Tanzania: Evaluating against the accountability for reasonableness framework	Byskov, Jens,Hurtig, Anna-Karin,Kamuzora, Peter,Maluka, Stephen,Ndawi, Benedict,Olsen, Oystein E.,Sebastian, Miguel San,Shayo, Elizabeth	2010	SOCIAL SCIENCE &amp; MEDICINE	71	4	10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.04.035	Umea University, University of Copenhagen, University of Dar es Salaam, DBL Ctr Hlth Res & Dev, Haydom Lutheran Hosp, Natl Inst Med Res NIMR, Primary Hlth Care Inst PHCI	"Byskov, Jens: University of Copenhagen","Hurtig, Anna-Karin: Umea University","Kamuzora, Peter: University of Dar es Salaam","Sebastian, Miguel San: Umea University",	Priority-setting has become one of the biggest challenges faced by health decision-makers worldwide. Fairness is a key goal of priority-setting and Accountability for Reasonableness has emerged as a guiding framework for fair priority-setting. This paper describes the processes of setting health care priorities in Mbarali district, Tanzania, and evaluates the descriptions against Accountability for Reasonableness. Key informant interviews were conducted with district health managers, local government officials and other stakeholders using a semi-structured interview guide. Relevant documents were also gathered and group priority-setting in the district was observed. The results indicate that, while Tanzania has a decentralized public health care system, the reality of the district level priority-setting process was that it was not nearly as participatory as the official guidelines suggest it should have been. Priority-setting usually occurred in the context of budget cycles and the process was driven by historical allocation. Stakeholders' involvement in the process was minimal. Decisions (but not the reasoning behind them) were publicized through circulars and notice boards, but there were no formal mechanisms in place to ensure that this information reached the public. There were neither formal mechanisms for challenging decisions nor an adequate enforcement mechanism to ensure that decisions were made in a fair and equitable manner. Therefore, priority-setting in Mbarali district did not satisfy all four conditions of Accountability for Reasonableness; namely relevance, publicity, appeals and revision, and enforcement. This paper aims to make two important contributions to this problematic situation. First, it provides empirical analysis of priority-setting at the district level in the contexts of low-income countries. Second, it provides guidance to decision-makers on how to improve fairness, legitimacy, and sustainability of the priority-setting process. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	"accountability for reasonableness",DECENTRALIZATION,"HEALTH SYSTEMS",PRIORITY-SETTING,Tanzania,CANADA,DECISION-MAKERS,FAIRNESS,ONTARIO	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928103565	The impact of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) service scale-up on mechanisms of accountability in zambian primary health centres: A case-based health systems analysis	Topp S.M., Black J., Morrow M., Chipukuma J.M., Van Damme W.	2015	BMC Health Services Research	15	1	10.1186/s12913-015-0703-9	Schools of Public Health and Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, United States; Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, PO Box 30338, Lusaka, Zambia; Nossal Institute for Global Health, University of Melbourne, 161 Barry Street, Carlton, VIC, Australia; University of Lusaka, Plot No 37413, Mass Media, Lusaka, Zambia; Public Health and Health Policy Unit, ITM-Antwerp, Sint-Rochusstraat 2, Antwerpen, Belgium; School of Public Health, University of Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, South Africa	Topp, S.M., Schools of Public Health and Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, United States, Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, PO Box 30338, Lusaka, Zambia, Nossal Institute for Global Health, University of Melbourne, 161 Barry Street, Carlton, VIC, Australia; Black, J., Nossal Institute for Global Health, University of Melbourne, 161 Barry Street, Carlton, VIC, Australia; Morrow, M., Nossal Institute for Global Health, University of Melbourne, 161 Barry Street, Carlton, VIC, Australia; Chipukuma, J.M., University of Lusaka, Plot No 37413, Mass Media, Lusaka, Zambia; Van Damme, W., Public Health and Health Policy Unit, ITM-Antwerp, Sint-Rochusstraat 2, Antwerpen, Belgium, School of Public Health, University of Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, South Africa	Background: Questions about the impact of large donor-funded HIV interventions on low- And middle-income countries' health systems have been the subject of a number of expert commentaries, but comparatively few empirical research studies. Aimed at addressing a particular evidence gap vis-à-vis the influence of HIV service scale-up on micro-level health systems, this article examines the impact of HIV scale-up on mechanisms of accountability in Zambian primary health facilities. Methods: Guided by the Mechanisms of Effect framework and Brinkerhoff's work on accountability, we conducted an in-depth multi-case study to examine how HIV services influenced mechanisms of administrative and social accountability in four Zambian primary health centres. Sites were selected for established (over 3 yrs) antiretroviral therapy (ART) services and urban, peri-urban and rural characteristics. Case data included provider interviews (60); patient interviews (180); direct observation of facility operations (2 wks/centre) and key informant interviews (14). Results: Resource-intensive investment in HIV services contributed to some early gains in administrative answerability within the four ART departments, helping to establish the material capabilities necessary to deliver and monitor service delivery. Simultaneous investment in external supervision and professional development helped to promote transparency around individual and team performance and also strengthened positive work norms in the ART departments. In the wider health centres, however, mechanisms of administrative accountability remained weak, hindered by poor data collection and under capacitated leadership. Substantive gains in social accountability were also elusive as HIV scale-up did little to address deeply rooted information and power asymmetries in the wider facilities. Conclusions: Short terms gains in primary-level service accountability may arise from investment in health system hardware. However, sustained improvements in service quality and responsiveness arising from genuine improvements in social and administrative accountability require greater understanding of, and investment in changing, the power relations, work norms, leadership and disciplinary mechanisms that shape these micro-level health systems. ©2015 Vo et al.	Accountability; Health systems; HIV service scale-up; Primary health centres	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33845340163	Multiple accountability relationships and improved service delivery performance in Hyderabad City, Southern India	Caseley J.	2006	International Review of Administrative Sciences	72	4	10.1177/0020852306070082	Institute for Development Studies, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya	Caseley, J., Institute for Development Studies, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya	This article examines a series of service delivery reforms that were undertaken at the Hyderabad Metropolitan Water Supply and Sewerage Board in Andhra Pradesh State, southern India. Key to sustained improvements in service delivery performance were three effective accountability relationships, triangulating between citizens, senior managers, and frontline workers. In this dynamic, consistent citizen demand for accountability provided new sources of performance information to senior managers, which they could then use to hold frontline workers to account for responsive service provision. Transparent and accessible citizen-based accountability mechanisms have the potential to contribute to organizational change and sustained improvements in service delivery performance in public sector service providers.	Accountability; India; Public sector reform; Service delivery performance; South Asia; Urban water supply	accountability; organizational change; public sector; service provision; water supply; Andhra Pradesh; Asia; Eurasia; Hyderabad; India; South Asia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78149369683	Using school performance data to drive school and education district office accountability and improvement: The case of Ghana	Prew M., Quaigrain K.	2010	Educational Management Administration and Leadership	38	6	10.1177/1741143210379057	Centre for Education Policy Development (CEPD), PostNet Suite 561, Private Bag X113, Melville 2109, South Africa	Prew, M., Centre for Education Policy Development (CEPD), PostNet Suite 561, Private Bag X113, Melville 2109, South Africa; Quaigrain, K., Centre for Education Policy Development (CEPD), PostNet Suite 561, Private Bag X113, Melville 2109, South Africa	This article looks at a school management tool that allows school managers and education district offices to review the performance of their schools and use the broad-based data to undertake orchestrated planning with districts planning delivery based on the needs of schools and in support of school improvement plans. The review process also allows communities to engage with their schools and hold them accountable for their performance and to steer schools to meet community expectations. A district in northern Ghana is presented as a case study. The article concludes that this generation of school-level data and its use to inform improved planning and delivery also allows districts and schools to monitor how well they are doing in promoting access for all children to school and monitoring the quality of schooling they receive. This is critical information needed to understand the dynamics of school enrolment and drop-out and to make schools more accountable. So school performance review, as practised in Ghana, allows schools to improve while becoming more accountable to their communities. © The Author(s) 2010.	accountability; inspection; quality education; school and district leadership; school improvement; school performance review; universal primary education	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84910079893	Principals’ perceptions about performance agreements as motivational action: Evidence from South Africa	Heystek J.	2014	Educational Management Administration and Leadership	42	6	10.1177/1741143214549425	Northwest University, South Africa	Heystek, J., Northwest University, South Africa	Principals, as one of the professional leaders in a school, are accountable for the quality of education in the school. This is a part of the normal job description and expectations for the person in such a post. In the South African context with a large number of underperforming schools, there is an intention to have an additional performance agreement as a part of performance management, to be signed by principals to hold them accountable for the expected examination results. This article investigated the understanding of principals of the possible motivational implications if the performance agreement is implemented. It also focuses on the issue of what may motivate principals to improve their performance towards sustainable quality education. Motivational theories are used as the lens to understand the principals’ perceptions of this performance agreement process. The focus group interviews indicated that most principals are not in favour of the intended implementation and that it may rather have a negative influence on their motivation levels. © The Author(s) 2014.	accountability; leadership; motivation; Performance management; professional	None	R 40 000, National Research Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930445395	Principals’ perceptions of the motivation potential of performance agreements in underperforming schools	Heystek J.	2015	South African Journal of Education	35	2	10.15700/saje.v35n2a986	School of Education Studies, North West University, Potchefstroom Campus, South Africa	Heystek, J., School of Education Studies, North West University, Potchefstroom Campus, South Africa	A formidable challenge most school leaders in South Africa face is to improve the academic results in state schools. In terms of their contracts, principals are accountable for the academic results as reflected in examination and test results for their schools. The National Department of Education (currently the Department of Basic Education) has made attempts to implement a performance agreement with principals and deputy principals, which would hold them directly and specifically accountable for the examination results. The article explores the proposed performance agreement and its potential influence on principals’ motivation to improve their own, and therefore also the teachers’ and learners’ academic performance. The focus group interviews conducted with principals and deputy principals indicate that principals do not want to be held accountable, because there are too many factors outside their control. They perceive a performance agreement of this kind as potentially demotivating because they do not feel they would be able to achieve the goals it sets. © 2015, Foundation for Education Science and Technology. All rights reserved.	Accountability; Motivation; Performance agreements; Performance management; Power; School leadership; Underperforming school	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892552142	A logical framework for monitoring and evaluation: A pragmatic approach to M&E	Myrick D.	2013	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	4	14	10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n14p423	University of South Africa, UNISA, South Africa	Myrick, D., University of South Africa, UNISA, South Africa	The following article discusses theoretical approaches to Monitoring and Evaluation that over time come to be streamlined and modified for implementation in the real world. Logical Frameworks (logframes) and pragmatic approaches to Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) frequently facilitate the need to modify processes that can be used in instances where there are limited resources, limited financial capital and limited human capital to determine whether programmes and projects have had an impact. The practice of M&E often moves from detailed log frames being used for measuring impact, to the implementation of orderly pragmatic approaches and finally resorting to utilizing simple fundamental principles of M&E that entail identifying measureable objectives, performance measurement indicators, targets and periodic reporting. The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), for example, offers a detailed framework for insuring that intervention logic is measured in terms of verifiable indicators. The framework, however, requires the establishment of a means of verification to determine whether activities are being accomplished and outputs are being achieved. An alternative to such a detailed approach is to assess the risk of projects and programmes, and then report on the likelihood or unlikelihood of objectives being achieved. In the case of limited resources, the organization should at the least report on measureable objectives in terms of performance indicators. This paper concludes by emphasizing that no matter what approach is used in monitoring and evaluation, establishing targets is necessary in order to conduct meaningful Monitoring and Evaluation for impact.	Accountability; Performance Measurement; Project Management and Governance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883446561	The comparative performance of chartered accountancy students in South Africa: The impact of historical legacies	Sartorius K., Sartorius B.	2013	Development Southern Africa	30	3	10.1080/0376835X.2013.817307	School of Accountancy, Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Sartorius, K., School of Accountancy, Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Sartorius, B., School of Accountancy, Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	African students continue to underperform in South Africa's schools and universities. This paper investigates the comparative performance of African chartered accountancy students from school to post-university level. The paper employed a mixed-method approach to analyse a series of cross-sectional datasets. The results showed that African students have underperformed at school, university and at post-university level, although the performance gap appears to be narrowing in the first professional chartered accountancy examination. The differential performance of these students was explained by poorer marks in mathematics and English that can be traced back to historical legacies in the education sector. South African universities, moreover, perpetuate this disadvantage because they have retained Eurocentric teaching approaches. In order to remove these barriers, tuition at school and university must be complemented by cross-cultural teaching practices and bridging programmes. © 2013 Copyright Development Bank of Southern Africa.	accountancy students; examination performance	academic performance; comparative study; student; teaching; university sector; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879701310	Information technology and the performance of accountants in the Nigerian oil and gas industry	Ogbonna G.N., Ebimobowei A.	2013	Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology	6	2	None	Department of Accounting, Faculty of Management Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Department of Accounting, Faculty of Business Education, Bayelsa State College of Education Okpoama, Brass Island, Yenagoa, Nigeria	Ogbonna, G.N., Department of Accounting, Faculty of Management Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Ebimobowei, A., Department of Accounting, Faculty of Business Education, Bayelsa State College of Education Okpoama, Brass Island, Yenagoa, Nigeria	This study investigates the effects of information technology on the performance of duties of Nigerian Accountants in the oil and gas industry. The 2 variables involved in the hypothesis tested are the performance of the duties of Nigerian Accountants which is the dependent variable and information technology which is the independent variable. The performance of the duties of Nigerian Accountants is operationally measured as the level of work performance assigned by primary data provided by 1423 respondents, where 347 accountants do not have any IT knowledge, 542 with minimal knowledge and 534 with sound IT knowledge and Z-test statistical tool was used to test the difference between 2 population means. Each respondent provided a pair of performance level for each group of Nigerian Accountants in oil and gas industry. The result shows that there is significant difference between the performance of duties of the Nigerian Accountants with IT knowledge and those without IT knowledge in the oil and gas industry. That is, those with IT knowledge perform better. It also shows that there is positive relationship between the performance of the duties of the Nigerian Accountants and IT. Based on these findings, the study concludes that IT exerts a great deal of impact on the performance of the duties of Nigerian Accountants and recommends that Nigerian Accountants should intensify their efforts in acquiring IT knowledge and skill, especially by method of on the-job IT training and re-training. The various oil and gas organizations and government where Nigerian Accountants work should as a matter of policy provide them with latest IT facilities that will improve their performance in the Nigerian oil and gas industry. © Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2013.	Accountants; Information technology; Nigeria; Oil and gas	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84947930228	Questioning the context of corporate performance measures in benchmarking CEO compensation	Oberholzer M., Barnard J.	2015	Corporate Ownership and Control	13	1CONT8	None	Potchefstroom Campus, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa	Oberholzer, M., Potchefstroom Campus, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Barnard, J., Potchefstroom Campus, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa	The purpose of the study was to reflect on existing practices in studying the CEO pay performance issue, with special reference to the context wherein the financial performance measurements were employed. In total, an in-depth content analysis of 40 published articles was done. Some flaws were identified in prior research, namely some studies only use either market-based or accounting-based measurements, only a single performance measurement, measurements without the context of the subjacent risks, monetary values without substance as performance measurements and without the context of a theory. The contribution of this study is that a framework is developed to guide future studies with regard to the context wherein financial performance measures should be employed and that some theories, additional to the agency theory, were identified that should be tested more frequently in pay performance-related studies. © 2015, Virtus Interpress. All right rserved.	Accounting-based performance measurements; CEO compensation; Market-based performance measurements; Motivation theories; Risk-return	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-81855212815	Value based financial performance measures: An evaluation of relative and incremental information content	Erasmus P.	2008	Corporate Ownership and Control	6	0.041666666667	None	Department of Business Management, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa	Erasmus, P., Department of Business Management, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa	Value-based (VB) financial performance measures are often advanced as improvements over traditional measures. It is argued that the inclusion of a firms cost of capital in the calculation of these measures facilitates the evaluation of value creation. Furthermore they attempt to remove some accounting distortions resulting from the limitations of conventional accounting information. This paper investigates the ability of four VB measures to explain market-adjusted share returns and compare it to that of some traditional measures. Empirical results indicate that the relative information contents of the VB measures are not greater than that of earnings. The incremental information content tests indicate that their components add significantly to the information content of earnings, but that the level of significance is relatively low.	Accounting information; Cost of capital; Financial performance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84940319325	The economic impact of hunting: A regional approach	van der Merwe P., Saayman M., Rossouw R.	2014	South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences	17	4	None	Tourism Research in Economic, Environs and Society, North-West University, South Africa; School of Economics, North-West University, South Africa	van der Merwe, P., Tourism Research in Economic, Environs and Society, North-West University, South Africa; Saayman, M., Tourism Research in Economic, Environs and Society, North-West University, South Africa; Rossouw, R., School of Economics, North-West University, South Africa	The core of South Africa tourism industry is based on wildlife tourism. Private game reserves and game farms which forms part of wildlife tourism constitute most of the wildlife products in South Africa. On these private reserves and game farms, hunting is one of the major income generators for product owners. The aim of this study is to analyse the economic impact of hunting on the regional economies of three of South Africa's most important hunting provinces. The study used economic multipliers, input-output analysis, and related modelling processes through input-output (supply-use) tables and social accounting matrices (SAM). The results differed significantly for the three provinces, with Limpopo receiving the biggest impact (R2.6 billion) and the Free State having the highest multiplier (2.08). The geographical location of the game farms, the number of farms per province and the species available all influenced the magnitude of the economic impact of hunters over and above the traditional determinants of economic impact analysis. The implication of the research is that it will help product owners in the development of game farms or hunting products, contribute to policy formulation, especially for government decisions on what products to offer where, and how to create more jobs.	Accounting matrix; Biltong hunting; Economic impact; Hunting; Social; South Africa; Tourism; Trophy hunting	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84900388272	Impact of accounting skills on entrepreneurship education for self-reliance and sustainable development: A study of selected small scale business in Owerri municipal Imo state	Nwaigburu K.O., Eneogwe V.N.	2013	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	4	16 SPEC.ISSUE	10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n16p81	Department Of Accountancy, Alvan Ikoku Federal College of Eduction, Owerri-Imo State, Nigeria; Department Of Business Education, National Open University of Nigeria, Lagos, Nigeria	Nwaigburu, K.O., Department Of Accountancy, Alvan Ikoku Federal College of Eduction, Owerri-Imo State, Nigeria; Eneogwe, V.N., Department Of Business Education, National Open University of Nigeria, Lagos, Nigeria	Accounting skill was found to be contributory to entrepreneurial performance and as such entrepreneurs are advised to embark on capacity building in accounting skill in the area of financial management and record keeping. Entrepreneurs are agents and drivers of development in most economies of the world including Nigeria. The entrepreneur establishes his presence through the formation of a small and medium scale enterprise (SME). Accounting on its part, is of great importance to the development of small and medium scale enterprises. Arguably, accounting is the core academic discipline that aids the entrepreneurial drive given the popular opinion that is the language of business. The objectives of this study is to examine the role of accounting on entrepreneurship education for self- reliance and sustainable development in Nigeria. The study considered the accounting profession and the major role it plays in entrepreneurship development. It is the submission of the authors that entrepreneurs with basic accounting knowledge and entrepreneurial skills stand better chances of becoming self- reliant and attaining business success. The paper recommends among other things that government should remove those obstacles that militate against entrepreneurial development in Nigeria.	Accounting skill; Entrepreneurship education; Self - Reliance and sustainability; Small-scale business	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84938965677	Monitoring sea level rise-induced hazards along the coast of Accra in Ghana	Appeaning Addo K.	2015	Natural Hazards	78	2	10.1007/s11069-015-1771-1	Department of Marine and Fisheries Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box Lg 99, Legon, Ghana	Appeaning Addo, K., Department of Marine and Fisheries Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box Lg 99, Legon, Ghana	Sea level rise, increased erosion and flooding threaten vulnerable coastal communities globally. Monitoring the changes in the coastal zone enables the risk levels to be detected and quantified. Such information facilitates developing sustainable policies to effectively manage hazards in the coastal zone. This study used available geospatial data to assess the physical state of the Accra coast and established ground control points that will facilitate effective monitoring of change. The data used included a bathymetric map (hard copy) with last revision in 1992, digital topographic map (2002) of the coast, 2005 orthophoto map and the geology map of Accra. The reliability of the data was determined, and the data were analysed using GIS tool. Ten concrete ground control points were established, mapped using DGPS and connected to the Ghana national coordinate system to form a network for effective monitoring in the coastal zone. The results revealed that the western region of the Accra coast has lower elevations onshore which will facilitate inundation from sea level rise. Comparing nearshore bathymetric profiles indicates that the eastern coast is deeper relative to the central and western. This will enable waves to break closer to the coast under increasing sea level rise thereby dissipating energy to facilitate sediment transport. Computed potential sediment transport rate revealed that the rate ranges between 4.1 × 105 and 7.2 × 105 m3/year. Using the control points established as reference points to monitor the coastal system will enable changes that can result in hazard to be detected and quantified. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Accra coast; Coastal erosion; Coastal hazards; Coastal monitoring; Sea level rise; Vulnerability	coastal zone; hazard assessment; monitoring; sea level change; sediment transport; vulnerability; Accra; Ghana; Greater Accra	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84889660056	Determinants of hotels' environmental performance: Evidence from the hotel industry in Accra, Ghana	Mensah I., Blankson E.J.	2013	Journal of Sustainable Tourism	21	8	10.1080/09669582.2013.776058	Department of Hospitality and Tourism Management, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Department of Geography and Regional Planning, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana	Mensah, I., Department of Hospitality and Tourism Management, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Blankson, E.J., Department of Geography and Regional Planning, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana	This study explores the factors that account for the environmental performance of hotels in the special context of a developing country, Ghana. It also examined the socio-demographic characteristics of managers and organizational characteristics that determine the environmental performance of Ghanaian hotels. A stratified random sampling method was employed to survey 200 hotel managers from different categories of hotels in Accra. Ninety-four per cent were independent, and Ghanaian-owned. Sixty-seven per cent had fewer than 20 rooms; only 45 had more than 100 rooms. Only 11.6% were affiliated to foreign multinational companies in any way. Six key factors that accounted for the environmental performance were extracted from a factor analysis. They included, in order of most practised, the environmental education and training for staff, measures to support for the host community, conservation project support, compliance with environmental regulations, waste management, and voluntary programmes. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicated that larger size and better class of hotels, as well as those with membership of the national hotel trade association, had better environmental performance as did hotels with better paid managers. Affiliation to foreign multinational chains did not predict better performance. A series of suggestions are made to improve the environmental performance of Ghana's hotels. © 2013 Taylor & Francis.	Accra; environment; environmental performance; hotel; organizational characteristics; socio-demographic characteristics	developing world; environmental impact; factor analysis; leisure industry; management; performance assessment; Accra; Ghana; Greater Accra	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78649673081	Developments at ISO/REMCO and its impact on the production and use of geological reference materials	Botha A.	2010	Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research	34	3	10.1111/j.1751-908X.2010.00088.x	National Metrology Institute of South Africa (NMISA), Private Bag X34, Lynnwood Ridge 0040, South Africa	Botha, A., National Metrology Institute of South Africa (NMISA), Private Bag X34, Lynnwood Ridge 0040, South Africa	During the past decade the work of ISO/REMCO, the International Organization for Standardization's Technical Committee on Reference Materials, was dedicated to achieving global harmonisation, and true involvement of the member countries. The first major accomplishment was the clarification of the terminology in the definitions for reference material and certified reference material, which were published as an amendment to ISO Guide 30in 2008. The next milestone was the recognition that ISO Guide 34 ('General requirements for the competence of reference material producers') be used in conjunction with ISO/IEC 17025 for the accreditation of reference material producers. The third edition of ISO Guide 34 published in November 2009, clarifies the acceptable procedures for the certification of reference materials. This paper will discuss the role of ISO/REMCO in formalising the procedures for the accreditation of reference material producers and the evolution of the terms reference material and certified reference material. The paper will conclude with a case study, where a primary method in a single laboratory - one of the recognised acceptable metrologically valid procedures according to ISO Guide 34 - was used for the certification of reference materials. The reference materials are South African Reference Material SARM 2 (Syenite), SARM 3 (Lujavrite) and SARM 4 (Norite) from the suite of six NIMROCs that were originally certified by the Council for Mineral Technology (MINTEK) in South Africa in the 1970s. © 2010 The Author. Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research © 2010 International Association of Geoanalysts.	Accreditation; Guidance documents; ISO/REMCO; Metrologically valid procedures; Reference materials	Certified reference materials; Geological reference material; Guidance document; International organization for standardizations; ISO/IEC 17025; ISO/REMCO; Lujavrite; Member countries; Metrologically valid procedures; Reference material; Reference materials; South Africa; South African Reference Materials; Technical committees; Accreditation; International cooperation; Nepheline syenite; Materials	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84922269512	Impact of accreditation on public and private universities: a comparative study	Dattey K., Westerheijden D.F., Hofman W.H.A.	2014	Tertiary Education and Management	20	4	10.1080/13583883.2014.959037	National Accreditation Board, Accra, Ghana; Center for Higher Education Policy Studies, Universiteit Twente, Enschede, Netherlands; Centre for Learning and Teaching, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands	Dattey, K., National Accreditation Board, Accra, Ghana; Westerheijden, D.F., Center for Higher Education Policy Studies, Universiteit Twente, Enschede, Netherlands; Hofman, W.H.A., Centre for Learning and Teaching, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands	Based on two cycles of assessments for accreditation, this study assesses the differential impacts of accreditation on public and private universities in Ghana. Analysis of the evaluator reports indicates no statistically significant difference – improvement or deterioration – between the two cycles of evaluations for both types of institutions. A test comparing the two-cycle aggregated assessment scores between the two categories of universities, however, indicated a significant difference, with the public universities achieving better scores (improvements). Drawing on the evaluators’ reports and the opinions expressed by academics from both categories of institutions, the conclusion was that isomorphic pressures, largely faced by the private universities, accounted for their implementation of suggestions for improvement by the evaluators. © 2014, © 2014 European Higher Education Society.	accreditation; impact; isomorphism	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884508638	Long-term monitoring with small and medium-sized telescopes on the ground and in space	Charles P.A., Kotze M.M., Rajoelimanana A.	2011	Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union	7	S285	10.1017/S1743921312000154	School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; South African Astronomical Observatory, Observatory 7935, South Africa; Department of Astronomy, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Charles, P.A., School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom, South African Astronomical Observatory, Observatory 7935, South Africa, Department of Astronomy, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Kotze, M.M., South African Astronomical Observatory, Observatory 7935, South Africa, Department of Astronomy, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Rajoelimanana, A., South African Astronomical Observatory, Observatory 7935, South Africa, Department of Astronomy, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	The last 20 years have seen revolutionary developments of large-scale synoptic surveys of the sky, both from the ground (e.g., the MACHO and OGLE projects, which were targetted at micro-lensing studies) and in space (e.g., the X-ray All-Sky Monitor onboard RXTE). These utilised small and medium-sized telescopes to search for transient-like events, but they have now built up a huge database of long-term light-curves, thereby enabling archival research on a wide range of objects that has not been possible hitherto. This is illustrated with examples of long time-scale optical and X-ray variability studies from the field of X-ray binary research: the high-mass BeX binaries in the SMC (using MACHO and OGLE), and the bright galactic-bulge X-ray sources (mostly LMXBs, using RXTE/ASM). As such facilities develop greater capabilities in future and at other wavelengths (developments in South Africa will be described), real-time data processing will allow much more rapid follow-up studies with the new generation of queue-scheduled large telescopes such as SALT. © 2012 International Astronomical Union.	accretion; accretion disks; astronomical data bases: miscellaneous; telescopes; X-rays: binaries	None	None
WoS	WOS:000337685400006	Single-Arm Evaluation of the AccuCirc Device for Early Infant Male Circumcision in Botswana	Abdullahi, Rasak,Lesetedi, Chiapo,Lockman, Shahin,Makhema, Joseph,Mmalane, Mompati,Ndubuka, Nnamdi O.,Nkgau, Maggie,Plank, Rebeca M.,Powis, Kathleen M.,Shapiro, Roger,Wirth, Kathleen E.	2014	JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES	66	1	None	Harvard University, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Botswana Harvard Sch Publ Hlth AIDS Initiat Partn, Botswana Minist Hlth, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Northern InterTribal Hlth Author	None	Existing devices for early infant male circumcision (EIMC) have inherent limitations. We evaluated the newly developed AccuCirc device by circumcising 151 clinically well, full-term male infants with birth weight &gt;= 2.5 kg within the first 10 days of life from a convenience sample in 2 hospitals in Botswana. No major adverse events were observed. There was 1 local infection, 5 cases of minor bleeding, and 1 case of moderate bleeding. In 3 cases, the device made only partial incisions that were completed immediately by the provider without complications. Parental satisfaction was high: &gt;96% of mothers stated that they would circumcise a future son. The pre-assembled, sterile AccuCirc kit has the potential to overcome obstacles related to supply chain management and on-site instrument disinfection that can pose challenges in resource-limited settings. In our study, the AccuCirc was safe and it should be considered for programmatic EIMC in resource-limited settings.	AccuCirc,BOTSWANA,"early infant male circumcision",HIV,NEONATAL,PREVENTION,AFRICA,CLAMP,COMPLICATIONS,"HIV PREVENTION",INJURIES,MEN,"NEONATAL MALE CIRCUMCISION",NEWBORN,PLASTIBELL,RANDOMIZED-TRIAL	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79952798600	The impact of sexual imagery in advertising: Comparing hispanics' and non-hispanics' attitudes and responses toward print ads	Kelsmark K.A., Dion P., Abratt R., Mischel L.	2011	Journal of Promotion Management	17	1	10.1080/10496491003666758	DeVry University, Stratum Executive Center, 11044 Research Blvd., Suite B-100, Austin, TX 78759, United States; Susquehanna University, Selinsgrove, PA, United States; Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States; University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Kelsmark, K.A., DeVry University, Stratum Executive Center, 11044 Research Blvd., Suite B-100, Austin, TX 78759, United States; Dion, P., Susquehanna University, Selinsgrove, PA, United States; Abratt, R., Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Mischel, L., DeVry University, Stratum Executive Center, 11044 Research Blvd., Suite B-100, Austin, TX 78759, United States	The purpose of this study was to examine differences in attitudinal responses to sexual imagery in advertising by young adult Hispanics and non-Hispanics and establish whether any gender differences exist. A quantitative methodology was used. Results show that the lack of influence of the ethnicity variable suggests that respondents appear to overwhelm Hispanic cultural predispositions. Although males were more accepting of the sexual imagery, this did not translate as influence by the advertisements. Although undefined by this research, the reptilian ad appears to exceed some tolerance levels. As a result advertisers and marketing managers should be wary of utilizing strong sexual appeals. © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.	Acculturation; Cross-cultural advertising; Ethnicity; Hispanics	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84926153714	Evaluation and Potential Health Hazard of Selected Metals in Water, Sediments, and Fish from the Gomti River	Gupta S.K., Chabukdhara M., Singh J., Bux F.	2015	Human and Ecological Risk Assessment	21	1	10.1080/10807039.2014.902694	Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa; Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India; Dr. R. M. L. Avadh University, Faizabad, India	Gupta, S.K., Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa; Chabukdhara, M., Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India; Singh, J., Dr. R. M. L. Avadh University, Faizabad, India; Bux, F., Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa	ABSTRACT: The health hazard associated with the consumption of fish from the Gomti River in India, contaminated with the heavy metals Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn was assessed in terms of target hazard quotients (THQs). The concentrations of metals (mg kg−1, wet weight basis) in the muscle tissues of different fish species Mastacembelus puncalus, Clupisona garua, Cyrinous carpio, Botia lochachata, Channa punctatus, Heteropneustise fossilis, Puntius sofore, and Clarious batrachus ranged as follows: Cr (2.2–21.4), Cu (0.3–14.3), Mn (2.3–5.5), Ni (0.5–10.9), Pb (1.0–3.9), and Zn (12.3–46.9). The accumulation of metals in fish muscle tissue was in the order: Zn &gt; Cr &gt; Ni &gt; Mn &gt; Cu &gt; Pb. THQs indicated a potential health hazard to children due to the consumption of fish contaminated with Ni and Pb; their THQs were greater than 1 for almost all fish species except for Ni in C. garua (THQ, 0.07) and C. carpio (THQ, 0.90). For adults, insignificant health hazard was associated with THQs less than 1 for all metals in the different fish species, but long-term exposure to these metals and subsequent bioaccumulation in the body may require additional investigation. © 2015, Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.	accumulation; fish; Gomti River; sediment; target hazard quotient; trace elements; water	Batrachoides; Botia; Channa punctatus; Mastacembelus; Puntius	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84947915361	Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in Mbaa River and the impact on aquatic ecosystem	Ajima M.N.O., Nnodi P.C., Ogo O.A., Adaka G.S., Osuigwe D.I., Njoku D.C.	2015	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment	187	12	10.1007/s10661-015-4937-0	Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria	Ajima, M.N.O., Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria; Nnodi, P.C., Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria; Ogo, O.A., Department of Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria; Adaka, G.S., Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria; Osuigwe, D.I., Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria; Njoku, D.C., Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria	The bioaccumulation and toxic effects of heavy metals have caused ecological damage to aquatic ecosystem. In this study, concentration of heavy metals including zinc, lead, cadmium, iron, and copper were determined in the sediment and water as well as in the muscle, gill, and intestine of two fish species (Pelmatochromis guentheri and Pelmatochromis pulcher) of Mbaa River in Southeastern Nigeria. Samples were collected at three different spots from the river, and the level of heavy metals specified above were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) after a modified wet digestion process. The results indicated that sediment had the highest concentration of the heavy metals investigated while water had the lowest concentration. Fish tissues showed appreciable bioaccumulation of these metals as evidenced by a higher concentration profile when compared with that of water. Furthermore, the concentration of these heavy metals in water and their bioconcentration factor in the fish were above the recommended limit by WHO and FEPA, indicating that Mbaa River along Inyishi may not be suitable for drinking nor the fish safe for human consumption. The study also reveals the use of fish as bioindicator of aquatic environment. © 2015, Springer International Publishing Switzerland.	Accumulation; Fish; Heavy metals; Mbaa River; Pollution	Absorption spectroscopy; Aquatic ecosystems; Atomic absorption spectrometry; Bioaccumulation; Biochemistry; Chemical contamination; Copper; Ecology; Ecosystems; Fish; Heavy metals; Pollution; Potable water; Rivers; Water resources; Accumulation; Aquatic environments; Atomic absorption spectroscopy; Bio-concentration factors; Concentration profiles; Ecological damage; Human consumption; Southeastern Nigeria; River pollution; cadmium; copper; heavy metal; iron; lead; water; zinc; aquatic ecosystem; bioaccumulation; cichlid; ecological impact; heavy metal; pollution effect; animal tissue; aquatic environment; Article; atomic absorption spectrometry; bioaccumulation; bioconcentration factor; concentration (parameters); controlled study; environmental impact; exposure; freshwater fish; health hazard; Nigeria; nonhuman; Pelmatochromis guentheri; Pelmatochromis pulcher; risk assessment; river; sediment; tissue level; water contamination; Nigeria; Pelmatochromis; Pelvicachromis pulcher	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84861362357	Bacteriological and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon evaluation of mangrove phyllosphere and rhizosphere from Qua Iboe River estuary, Nigeria	Eduok S.I., Ita B.N., Uye U.O., Utuk N.M.	2010	International Journal of Applied Environmental Sciences	5	6	None	Department of Microbiology, University of Uyo, P.M.B.1017,Uyo, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, P.M.B.1017, Uyo, Nigeria; Ministry of Health, Damaturu, Yobe State, Nigeria	Eduok, S.I., Department of Microbiology, University of Uyo, P.M.B.1017,Uyo, Nigeria; Ita, B.N., Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, P.M.B.1017, Uyo, Nigeria; Uye, U.O., Ministry of Health, Damaturu, Yobe State, Nigeria; Utuk, N.M., Department of Microbiology, University of Uyo, P.M.B.1017,Uyo, Nigeria	Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-utilizing bacterial density and content in the rhizosphere, phyllosphere and sediment from Qua Iboe River estuary (QIRE) were analyzed using standard microbiological and chemical techniques. The heterotrophic (HET) bacterial counts ranged from 92/0.54 to 142/0.62cfu/m2, 12.5×105 to 13.2×105 cfu/g and 10.6×105 to 12.1×105cfu/g; Hydrocarbon-utilizing bacterial (HUB) count ranged from 74/0.58 to 82/0.62cfu/m2, 9.4×105 to 10.9×105 cfu/g, and 7.6×105 to 9.2×105 cfu/g, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-utilizing bacterial (PAHUB) count ranged from 45/0.56 to 52/0.62cfu/m2, 7.9×105 to 11.9×105 cfu/g and 7.1×105 to 9.7×105 cfu/g, total Vibrio count (TVC) ranged from 00/0.56 to 21/0.60cfu/m2, 5.8×105 to 7.9×105 and 4.7×105 to 7.4×105cfu/g for the phyllosphere, rhizosphere and sediment samples respectively. There was a moderate to very high positive correlation (r = 0.69, 0.97 and 0.97, p = 0.05) in the microbial counts of the sediment and rhizosphere from locations 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Predominant culturable bacterial isolates were Vibrio alginolyticus, V. estuarianus, Alcaligenes denitrificans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. putida, Chromobacterium violaceum, Nocardia sp, Micrococcus varians, Acinetobacter iwoffii, Serratia marcescens, Bacillus subtilis, Chromatium sp, Escherichia coli, Anabaena, Enterobacter aerogenes, Sarcina sp, Flavobacterium breve, Nodularia and Erwinia amylovora. Total PAH concentration ranged from 7.26 to 7.51mg/kg (rhizosphere), 8.92 to 9.55mg/kg (sediment), 9.92 to 11.13mg/kg (mangrove root) and 18.65 to 25.21mg/kg (phyllosphere). The bioaccumulation factor (BAF) for phenanthrene, pyrene, benzo(a)anthracene, chrysene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, benzo(a)pyrene, dibenzo(a,h)anthracene and benzo(g,h,l)perylene were above 1, an indication that biomagnification of carcinogenic PAH could be occurring along the food chain. The bacterial isolates exhibited varying rate of PAH utilization, strongly suggesting possession of relevant genomic properties and degradative enzymes, although pre-exposure to the pollutants in the natural environment could have been an influencing factor. R. racemosa as keystone specie in the QIRE with its associated microbes could be used in phytoremediation and as indicator of exposure for retroactive risk assessment of ambient air and sediment contamination with PAH in estuarine ecosystem. © Research India Publications.	Accumulation; Gas flaring; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; Rhizophora racemosa; Utilization	Accumulation; Acinetobacters; Alcaligenes; Ambient air; Bacillus Subtilis; Bacterial count; Bacterial density; Bacterial isolates; Benzo(a)pyrene; Benzo(b)fluoranthene; Bioaccumulation factor; Biomagnification; Chemical techniques; Chromobacterium violaceum; Chrysene; Culturable; Enterobacter aerogenes; Erwinia amylovora; Estuarine ecosystems; Flavobacterium; Fluoranthene; Food chain; Gas flaring; Influencing factor; Keystone species; Microbial count; Natural environments; Nigeria; Nocardia sp; Nodularia; Perylenes; Phyllospheres; Phytoremediation; Polycyclic aromatics; Positive correlations; Pre-exposure; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Rhizophora racemosa; Sediment contamination; Sediment samples; Serratia marcescens; Vibrio alginolyticus; Anthracene; Bacteria; Biochemistry; Bioremediation; Chemical analysis; Ecosystems; Escherichia coli; Hydrocarbons; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Sedimentology; Sediments; Waste utilization; Soils; bacteriology; bioaccumulation; estuarine ecosystem; mangrove; PAH; phyllosphere; rhizosphere; risk assessment; water pollution; Akwa Ibom; Nigeria; Qua Iboe Estuary; Achromobacter denitrificans; Acinetobacter; Anabaena; Bacillus subtilis; Bacteria (microorganisms); Chromatium; Chromobacterium violaceum; Empedobacter brevis; Enterobacter aerogenes; Erwinia amylovora; Escherichia coli; Flavobacterium; Kocuria varians; Micrococcus; Nocardia; Nodularia; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Rhizophora racemosa; Sarcina; Serratia marcescens; Vibrio; Vibrio alginolyticus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930636351	Evaluation of Movement Facilitating Techniques for Finite Element Analysis of Magnetically Geared Electrical Machines	Gerber S., Wang R.-J.	2015	IEEE Transactions on Magnetics	51	2	10.1109/TMAG.2014.2351787	Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Gerber, S., Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Wang, R.-J., Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa	The simulation of magnetically geared electrical machines using the finite element method is an especially demanding task when movement has to be considered. Several methods that facilitate movement exist. In this paper, two of these methods, the macro air-gap element (AGE) and the moving band (MB) are applied in a time-stepped static simulation of a magnetically geared machine (MGM). The methods are evaluated in terms of accuracy and computational efficiency, vitally important factors for numerical optimization. The implementation of both methods exploit the multi-core architecture of modern CPUs to solve several steps in parallel, drastically reducing the simulation time. Nevertheless, the computational cost of the AGE is prohibitively high in the simulation of MGMs. The MB is computationally efficient and good accuracy can be achieved using a multilayer approach. © 1965-2012 IEEE.	Accuracy; Air gaps; Atmospheric modeling; Computational modeling; Finite element analysis; Torque; Voltage measurement	Computational efficiency; Computer architecture; Electric machinery; Numerical methods; Optimization; Program processors; Torque; Voltage measurement; Accuracy; Air-gaps; Atmospheric model; Computational costs; Computational model; Computationally efficient; Multicore architectures; Numerical optimizations; Finite element method	Universiteit Stellenbosch; US, Universiteit Stellenbosch
WoS	WOS:000260014000001	Impact of training in clinical and microscopy diagnosis of childhood malaria on antimalarial drug prescription and health outcome at primary health care level in Tanzania: A randomized controlled trial	Bjorkman, Anders,Gustafsson, Lars L.,Massele, Amos Y.,Mubi, Marycelina,Ngasala, Billy,Petzold, Max G.,Premji, Zul,Tomson, Goran,Warsame, Marian	2008	MALARIA JOURNAL	7	None	10.1186/1475-2875-7-199	Karolinska Institutet, Muhimbili Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Nord Sch Publ Hlth	"Bjorkman, Anders: Karolinska Institutet","Gustafsson, Lars L.: Karolinska Institutet","Tomson, Goran: Karolinska Institutet","Warsame, Marian: Karolinska Institutet",	Background: Prescribing antimalarial medicines based on parasite confirmed diagnosis of malaria is critical to rational drug use and optimal outcome of febrile illness. The impact of microscopy-based versus clinical-based diagnosis of childhood malaria was assessed at primary health care (PHC) facilities using a cluster randomized controlled training intervention trial. Methods: Sixteen PHC facilities in rural Tanzania were randomly allocated to training of health staff in clinical algorithm plus microscopy (Arm-I, n = 5) or clinical algorithm only (Arm-II, n = 5) or no training (Arm-III, n = 6). Febrile under-five children presenting at these facilities were assessed, treated and scheduled for follow up visit after 7 days. Blood smears on day 0 were only done in Arm-I but on Day 7 in all arms. Primary outcome was antimalarial drug prescription. Other outcomes included antibiotic prescription and health outcome. Multilevel regression models were applied with PHC as level of clustering to compare outcomes in the three study arms. Results: A total of 973, 1,058 and 1,100 children were enrolled in arms I, II and III, respectively, during the study period. Antimalarial prescriptions were significantly reduced in Arm-I (61.3%) compared to Arms-II (95.3%) and III (99.5%) (both P &lt; 0.001), whereas antibiotic prescriptions did not vary significantly between the arms (49.9%, 54.8% and 34.2%, respectively). In Arm-I, 99.1% of children with positive blood smear readings received antimalarial prescriptions and so did 11.3% of children with negative readings. Those with positive readings were less likely to be prescribed antibiotics than those with negative (relative risk = 0.66, 95% confidence interval: 0.55, 0.72). On day 7 follow-up, more children reported symptoms in Arm-I compared to Arm-III, but fewer children had malaria parasitaemia (p = 0.049). The overall sensitivity of microscopy reading at PHC compared to reference level was 74.5% and the specificity was 59.0% but both varied widely between PHCs. Conclusion: Microscopy based diagnosis of malaria at PHC facilities reduces prescription of antimalarial drugs, and appears to improve appropriate management of non-malaria fevers, but major variation in accuracy of the microscopy readings was found. Lack of qualified laboratory technicians at PHC facilities and the relatively short training period may have contributed to the shortcomings. Trial registration: This study is registered at Clinicaltrials. gov with the identifier NCT00687895.	,ACCURACY,ALGORITHM,AREA,CASE-MANAGEMENT,CHILDREN,"COMBINATION THERAPY",ILLNESS,"INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT",KENYA,"PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349478741	Fragmentary femora: Evaluation of the accuracy of the direct and indirect methods in stature reconstruction	Bidmos M.A.	2009	Forensic Science International	192	42372	10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.08.019	School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193 Johannesburg, Guateng, South Africa	Bidmos, M.A., School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193 Johannesburg, Guateng, South Africa	Selected measurements of the femur have been used in the derivation of regression equations for stature estimation in several populations. Various studies have indicated that stature can be estimated from fragmentary bones by either the direct or the indirect method. The direct method allows for the estimation of stature directly from individual or combination of measurements of fragments of the femur. However, the indirect method consists of two steps. An initial step which involves the estimation of maximum length of the femur from measurements of its fragments is followed by stature estimation from the estimated maximum length of the femur. While Steele noted that the indirect method provides a relatively more precise estimate of stature, none of the subsequent studies on stature reconstruction has addressed the issue of accuracy of the two methods. The current study utilized 120 complete skeletons obtained from the Raymond A. Dart Collection of Human Skeletons. Total skeletal height for each of the skeletons (TSHFully) was calculated using the Fully's method. Measurements of fragments of the femur acquired from the current study were substituted into each of the previously derived equations for Indigenous South Africans (ISA) and South Africans of European Descent (SAED) in order to obtain an estimate of the skeletal height (TSHEst). Analyses were carried out separately for each group. An assessment of the differences between the estimated skeletal height (TSHEst) and the obtained skeletal height using the Fully's method (TSHFully) was performed using the paired t test. While no significant difference was observed between TSHFully and TSHEst for all equations (except one) used in the direct estimation of skeletal height, a number of indirect equations significantly overestimated TSHFully. These observations indicate that the direct method is more accurate than the indirect method. Since it is also less complicated, it is therefore the preferred of the two methods contrary to earlier recommendation made by Steele. © 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	Accuracy; Anthropology; Forensic anthropology population data; Forensic science; Fragmentary femur; Stature	accuracy; African American; article; body height; controlled study; female; femur; forensic science; human; human tissue; intermethod comparison; male; mathematical analysis; osteometry; physical anthropology; priority journal; South Africa; Body Height; Female; Femur; Forensic Anthropology; Humans; Male; Regression Analysis; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-72849142428	Obstetric performance recall accuracy (opera) among a low literacy population in Southeast Nigeria	Umeora O.U.J., Egwuatu V.E.	2009	Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice	12	4	None	Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St. Vincent's Hospital, Ndubia-Igbeagu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria; Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria	Umeora, O.U.J., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St. Vincent's Hospital, Ndubia-Igbeagu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria; Egwuatu, V.E., Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria	Context: Accurate obstetric history is of utmost importance in prenatal care to ensure optimal maternal and fetal outcomes. Aims and Objectives:To determine the accuracy of recalled obstetric history among rural Igbo women of Southeast Nigeria. Study design:Primiparous and multiparous women, who accessed antenatal care in a rural Mission Hospital over a two-year period, had their past obstetric histories recorded in a pro forma by trained research assistants. The information so obtained was compared with the previous obstetric data documented in the patients' hospital case files to evaluate their correctness. Univariate analysis was performed for statistical evaluation using the epi info package version 3.3.2 of 2005. Results:Two hundred and thirty-five antenatal clinic attendees aged between 18 and 41 years were recruited for the study. Low literacy level is prevalent in rural communities of Southeast Nigeria. The ability of the women to accurately recall past obstetric events, including major pregnancy risk factors, was considerably limited. The recall accuracy for details of the immediate past pregnancy was 43.6% and 41.3% for the penultimate pregnancy. Patient's educational attainment, but not her age or parity, had significant influence on the recall ability. Conclusion:The introduction of the Obstetric performance card for use in the busy antenatal clinics in low literacy rural communities of the developing countries such as Nigeria, will corroborate the information obtained from patients and greatly enhance the management and positive outcomes of the index pregnancy.	Accuracy; History; Low literacy; Outcome; Prenatal; Recall	adolescent; adult; age distribution; anamnesis; article; delivery; educational status; female; health service; human; information processing; labor complication; Nigeria; pregnancy; pregnancy complication; prenatal care; prospective study; recall; rural population; standard; statistics; Adolescent; Adult; Age Distribution; Data Collection; Delivery, Obstetric; Educational Status; Female; Humans; Maternal Health Services; Medical History Taking; Mental Recall; Nigeria; Obstetric Labor Complications; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Prenatal Care; Prospective Studies; Rural Population; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84943741633	The evaluation of accuracy of serial rapid HIV test algorithm in the diagnosis of HIV antibodies among pregnant women in south east Nigeria Pregnancy and Childbirth	Mbachu I.I., Udigwe G., Joseph I., John O., Samuel U.O., Joseph U., Ngozi M.C.	2015	BMC Research Notes	8	1	10.1186/s13104-015-1454-8	Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, PMB 5025, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria; Department of Paediatrics, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, PMB 5025, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria	Mbachu, I.I., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, PMB 5025, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria; Udigwe, G., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, PMB 5025, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria; Joseph, I., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, PMB 5025, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria; John, O., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, PMB 5025, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria; Samuel, U.O., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, PMB 5025, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria; Joseph, U., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, PMB 5025, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria; Ngozi, M.C., Department of Paediatrics, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, PMB 5025, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria	Background: Accurate HIV testing in pregnancy is critical to the prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV infection and linkages to other preventive strategies. Aims and objectives: This study determined the sensitivity, specificity negative and positive predictive value of serial rapid testing of HIV among pregnant women in Nnewi, south east Nigeria. Methodology: This was a comparative descriptive study conducted over a 4-month period. Serial rapid testing algorithm was compared with conventional ELISA testing after obtaining informed consents from the pregnant women. All positive and discordant results were confirmed with western blot HIV test. Participants also completed a questionnaire. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 20. Result: A total of 166 pregnant women participated in this study. The mean age of the participants was 29 ± 4.3 years. The HIV prevalence was highest in the 25-29 years category. This was also the modal age category. Majority of the women were multiparous. The prevalence of HIV infection was 12 %. The sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive value of serial rapid HIV testing was 95, 100, 99.3 and 100 % respectively. Conclusion: The sensitivity of the serial rapid test algorithm was high but still lower than the WHO recommended 99 % and above. The 100 % specificity and positive predictive value makes it a good diagnostic test strategy. There is need for regular review of HIV test kits and policy. © 2015 Mbachu et al.	Accuracy; Pregnant women; Rapid HIV test; Serial algorithm	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84887909448	Genomics of elite sporting performance: What little we know and necessary advances	Wang G., Padmanabhan S., Wolfarth B., Fuku N., Lucia A., Ahmetov I.I., Cieszczyk P., Collins M., Eynon N., Klissouras V., Williams A., Pitsiladis Y.	2013	Advances in Genetics	84	None	10.1016/B978-0-12-407703-4.00004-9	Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Preventive and Rehabilitative Sports Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Genomics for Longevity and Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan; European University and Research Institute i+12, Madrid, Spain; Sport Technology Education Research Laboratory, Volga Region State Academy of Physical Culture, Sport and Tourism, Kazan, Russian Federation; Department of Physical Culture and Health Promotion, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland; MRC/UCT Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine of the Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Newlands, South Africa; Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Sport Medicine and Biology of Physical Activity, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Institute for Performance Research, Manchester Metropolitan University, Crewe, United Kingdom; School of Sport and Service Management, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, United Kingdom; The Skeletal Muscle and Performance Research Group, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia	Wang, G., Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Padmanabhan, S., Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Wolfarth, B., Department of Preventive and Rehabilitative Sports Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany; Fuku, N., Department of Genomics for Longevity and Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan; Lucia, A., European University and Research Institute i+12, Madrid, Spain; Ahmetov, I.I., Sport Technology Education Research Laboratory, Volga Region State Academy of Physical Culture, Sport and Tourism, Kazan, Russian Federation; Cieszczyk, P., Department of Physical Culture and Health Promotion, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland; Collins, M., MRC/UCT Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine of the Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Newlands, South Africa; Eynon, N., Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia, The Skeletal Muscle and Performance Research Group, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Klissouras, V., Department of Sport Medicine and Biology of Physical Activity, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Williams, A., Institute for Performance Research, Manchester Metropolitan University, Crewe, United Kingdom; Pitsiladis, Y., Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom, School of Sport and Service Management, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, United Kingdom	Numerous reports of genetic associations with performance- and injury-related phenotypes have been published over the past three decades; these studies have employed primarily the candidate gene approach to identify genes that associate with elite performance or with variation in performance-and/or injury-related traits. Although generally with small effect sizes and heavily prone to type I statistic error, the number of candidate genetic variants that can potentially explain elite athletic status, injury predisposition, or indeed response to training will be much higher than that examined by numerous biotechnology companies. Priority should therefore be given to applying whole genome technology to sufficiently large study cohorts of world-class athletes with adequately measured phenotypes where it is possible to increase statistical power. Some of the elite athlete cohorts described in the literature might suffice, and collectively, these cohorts could be used for replication purposes. Genome-wide association studies are ongoing in some of these cohorts (i.e., Genathlete, Russian, Spanish, Japanese, United States, and Jamaican cohorts), and preliminary findings include the identification of one single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP; among more than a million SNPs analyzed) that associates with sprint performance in Japanese, American (i.e., African American), and Jamaican cohorts with a combined effect size of ~2.6 (P-value &lt;5×10-7) and good concordance with endurance performance between select cohorts. Further replications of these signals in independent cohorts will be required, and any replicated SNPs will be taken forward for fine-mapping/targeted resequencing and functional studies to uncover the underlying biological mechanisms. Only after this lengthy and costly process will the true potential of genetic testing in sport be determined. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.	ACE/ACTN3 polymorphisms; Candidate gene association study; Complex trait; Elite performance; Genome-wide association study; Single nucleotide polymorphism	ACE protein, human; actinin; ACTN3 protein, human; dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase; ACE/ACTN3 polymorphisms; article; athlete; athletic performance; candidate gene association study; Complex trait; Elite Performance; genetic association; genetic screening; genetics; human; running; single nucleotide polymorphism; ACE/ACTN3 polymorphisms; candidate gene association study; complex trait; elite performance; genome-wide association study; single nucleotide polymorphism; Actinin; Athletes; Athletic Performance; Genetic Testing; Genome-Wide Association Study; Humans; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Running	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84860389507	Evaluation of the effects of long-term storage of bovine ear notch samples on the ability of 2 diagnostic assays to identify calves persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhoea virus	Khan F., Vorster J.H., van Vuuren M., Mapham P.	2011	Journal of the South African Veterinary Association	82	1	None	Vetdiagnostix, Veterinary Pathology Services, PO Box 13624, Cascades, 3202, South Africa; Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Veterinary House Hospital, 339 Prince Alfred Street, Pietermaritzburg, 3201, South Africa	Khan, F., Vetdiagnostix, Veterinary Pathology Services, PO Box 13624, Cascades, 3202, South Africa; Vorster, J.H., Vetdiagnostix, Veterinary Pathology Services, PO Box 13624, Cascades, 3202, South Africa; van Vuuren, M., Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Mapham, P., Veterinary House Hospital, 339 Prince Alfred Street, Pietermaritzburg, 3201, South Africa	Research aimed at optimising diagnostic laboratory procedures is central to the development of effective bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) control programmes. BVDV is a single-stranded RNA virus that crosses the placenta to infect foetuses, resulting in reproductive losses due to foetal death or persistently infected calves that die early in life. Persistently infected animals are widely accepted to be the primary reservoir of BVDV and the largest source of infection. This poses important challenges to overall animal/herd health and can cause major losses to the cattle industry. Long-term storage of bovine ear notch samples from calves persistently infected with BVDV may adversely affect the ability of diagnostic assays to detect the virus efficiently. In order to test this hypothesis, ear notch samples from 7 animals were divided into 2 groups. One set was subjected to prompt formalin fixation and the other set stored either as fresh samples without preservatives at -2 °C, or soaked overnight in phosphate buffered saline followed by freezing of the supernatant fluid at -2 °C. Frozen ear notches and ear notch supernatant yielded positive results with an antigen-capture, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (AC-ELISA) for the duration of the study (6 months) and optical density (OD) values remained significantly within range. There was no significant difference between storing fresh ear notch samples or PBS at -2 °C. However, positive immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining on formalin fixed ear notches started to fade between Day 17 and Day 29 when stored at room temperature. It was concluded that fresh ear notches could safely be stored at -2 °C for a period of 6 months prior to testing for BVD viral antigens.	AC-ELISA; BVDV; Ear notch; Immunohistochemistry; Long-term storage; PBS	formaldehyde; virus antigen; article; bovine viral diarrhea; calf (bovine); ear; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; female; immunohistochemistry; long term care; nonhuman; optical density; organ preservation; persistent infection; room temperature; Animals; Antigens, Viral; Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease; Cattle; Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral; Ear; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Freezing; Immunohistochemistry; Specimen Handling; Tissue Preservation; Animalia; Bos; Bovinae; Bovine viral diarrhea virus 1; RNA viruses	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33749074178	Evaluation of insecticides for protecting southwestern ponderosa pines from attack by engraver beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)	DeGomez T.E., Hayes C.J., Anhold J.A., McMillin J.D., Clancy K.M., Bosu P.P.	2006	Journal of Economic Entomology	99	2	None	University of Arizona, School of Natural Resources, NAU Box 15018, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, United States; USDA-Forest Service, Southwestern Region, Forestry and Forest Health, Arizona Zone, 2500 S. Pine Knoll Dr., Flagstaff, AZ 86001-6381, United States; USDA-Forest Service Research and Development, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2500 S. Pine Knoll Drive, Flagstaff, AZ 86001-6381, United States; Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, University, P.O. Box 63, Kumasi, Ghana	DeGomez, T.E., University of Arizona, School of Natural Resources, NAU Box 15018, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, United States; Hayes, C.J., University of Arizona, School of Natural Resources, NAU Box 15018, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, United States; Anhold, J.A., USDA-Forest Service, Southwestern Region, Forestry and Forest Health, Arizona Zone, 2500 S. Pine Knoll Dr., Flagstaff, AZ 86001-6381, United States; McMillin, J.D., USDA-Forest Service, Southwestern Region, Forestry and Forest Health, Arizona Zone, 2500 S. Pine Knoll Dr., Flagstaff, AZ 86001-6381, United States; Clancy, K.M., USDA-Forest Service Research and Development, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2500 S. Pine Knoll Drive, Flagstaff, AZ 86001-6381, United States; Bosu, P.P., University of Arizona, School of Natural Resources, NAU Box 15018, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, United States, Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, University, P.O. Box 63, Kumasi, Ghana	Insecticides that might protect pine trees from attack by engraver beetles (Ips spp.) have not been rigorously tested in the southwestern United States. We conducted two field experiments to evaluate the efficacy of several currently and potentially labeled preventative insecticides for protecting high-value ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa Dougl ex. Laws., from attack by engraver beetles. Preventative sprays (0.19% permethrin [Permethrin Plus C]; 0.03, 0.06, and 0.12% bifenthrin [Onyx]; and 1.0 and 2.0% carbaryl [Sevin SL] formulations) and systemic implants (0.875 g per capsule acephate [Acecap] and 0.650 g per capsule dinotefuran) were assessed on bolts (sections of logs) as a surrogate for live trees for a period of 13 mo posttreatment. The pine engraver, Ips pini (Say), was the most common bark beetle found attacking control and treated bolts, but sixspined ips, Ips calligraphus (Germar), and Ips lecontei Swain also were present. After ≈13 mo posttreatment in one experiment, the spray treatments with 2.0% carbaryl, 0.19% permethrin, and 0.06 or 0.12% bifenthrin prevented Ips attack on the bolts at a protection level of ≥70%. The acephate and dinotefuran systemic insecticides, and the 0.03% bifenthrin spray, provided inadequate (≤36%) protection in this experiment. For the other experiment, sprayed applications of 1.0% carbaryl, 0.19% permethrin, and 0.06% bifenthrin prevented beetle attack at protection levels of ≥90, ≥80, and ≥70%, respectively, when bolts were exposed to Ips beetle attack for ≈9-15 wk posttreatment. The sprays with 0.19% permethrin and 0.06% bifenthrin also provided ≥90% protection when bolts were exposed for ≈15-54 wk posttreatment. We concluded that under the conditions tested, 1.0 and 2.0% carbaryl, 0.19% permethrin, and 0.06 and 0.12% binfenthrin were acceptable preventative treatments for protecting ponderosa pine from successful engraver beetle attack for one entire flight season in the U.S. Southwest.	Acephate; Bifenthrin; Carbaryl; Dinotefuran; Permethrin	insecticide; animal; article; beetle; drug effect; parasitology; ponderosa pine; time; Animals; Beetles; Insecticides; Pinus ponderosa; Time Factors; Coleoptera; Curculionidae; Ips; Ips calligraphus; Ips lecontei; Ips pini; Onyx; Pinus ponderosa; Scolytinae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884354676	Ozone facilitated dechlorination of 2-chloroethanol and impact of organic solvents and activated charcoal	Gounden A.N., Jonnalagadda S.B.	2013	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment	185	10	10.1007/s10661-013-3169-4	Department of Chemistry, Mangosuthu University of Technology, P.O. Box 12363, Jacobs 4026, South Africa; School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal Westville Campus, Chiltern Hills, P. Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa	Gounden, A.N., Department of Chemistry, Mangosuthu University of Technology, P.O. Box 12363, Jacobs 4026, South Africa; Jonnalagadda, S.B., School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal Westville Campus, Chiltern Hills, P. Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa	The ozone-initiated oxidation of 2-chloroethanol was followed by monitoring the consumption of the halogenated organic substrate. Gas chromatographic analysis of the ozonated products showed an increase in conversion from about 1 % after 3 h of ozone treatment to about 22 % after 12 h. The yields of major ozonated products identified and quantified namely acetaldehyde, acetic acid, and chloride ion increased proportionately as a function of ozone treatment time. The percent conversion of 2-chloroethanol in the presence of acetic acid or ethyl acetate were found to be higher than those under solvent-free conditions with similar products obtained. The use of activated charcoal during the ozonolyis of 2-chloroethanol showed a significant increase in the percent conversion of the substrate compared to solvent free ozonation. Based on the experimental findings, the overall mechanism for the reaction between 2-chloroethanol and ozone is described. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Acetaldehyde; Acetic acid; Chloride ion; Dechlorination; Ozonation	2-Chloroethanol; Chloride ions; Ethyl acetates; Organic substrate; Ozone treatment; Solvent free; Solvent free conditions; Acetaldehyde; Acetic acid; Chlorine compounds; Dechlorination; Ozonization; pH; Ozone; 2 chloroethanol; acetaldehyde; acetic acid; acetic acid ethyl ester; activated carbon; carboxylic acid; chloride ion; organic solvent; ozone; acetaldehyde; acetate; acetic acid; activated carbon; charcoal; dechlorination; experimental study; organic compound; ozone; reaction kinetics; substrate; article; dechlorination; electric conductivity; gas chromatography; oxidation; ozonation; ozonolysis; Charcoal; Ethylene Chlorohydrin; Models, Chemical; Ozone; Solvents; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Purification	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84890445442	Impact of caffeic acid addition on phenolic composition of tempranillo wines from different winemaking techniques	Aleixandre-Tudó J.L., Álvarez I., Lizama V., García M.J., Aleixandre J.L., Du Toit W.J.	2013	Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry	61	49	10.1021/jf402713d	Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602 Stellenbosch, South Africa	Aleixandre-Tudó, J.L., Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; Álvarez, I., Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; Lizama, V., Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; García, M.J., Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; Aleixandre, J.L., Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; Du Toit, W.J., Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602 Stellenbosch, South Africa	The effect of prefermentative and postfermentative caffeic acid (CFA) addition, prefermentative cold maceration, and a simulation of the micro-oxygenation technique through acetaldehyde addition on the phenolic and color composition of Tempranillo wines was investigated. Cold soaking and dry ice addition were performed as prefermentative techniques. Wines were analyzed after the end of the malolactic fermentation and after 6 and 12 months' storage. The results showed an important effect in wines to which CFA had been added, suggesting intramolecular copigmentation reactions through direct interaction between anthocyanins and free phenolic acids, thereby increasing the acylated anthocyanin fraction with an increase in color stability. The higher concentration of total phenols and lower hue values in CFA-added wines also contributed to the stability of these compounds during storage. Prefermentative cold maceration was shown to be influenced by the vintage. Phenolic acids, the acylated anthocyanin fraction, and total phenolics showed higher values in CFA-added and acetaldehyde-added wines. No differences were found in color density between the control wines and both the prefermentative and postfermentative CFA-added wines. However, a higher anthocyanin polymeric fraction and higher acylated anthocyanins, phenolic acids, and total phenols were observed in the CFA-added wines. The implications of this for the color stability of Tempranillo are also discussed. © 2013 American Chemical Society.	acetaldehyde addition; caffeic acid; cold soak; copigmentation; dry ice; Tempranillo	Caffeic acids; cold soak; Copigmentation; Dry ice; Tempranillo; Acetaldehyde; Acylation; Carbon dioxide; Color; Organic acids; Phenols; Refrigerants; Anthocyanins; anthocyanin; caffeic acid; caffeic acid derivative; food additive; phenol derivative; article; chemistry; color; evaluation study; fermentation; food handling; fruit; metabolism; methodology; microbiology; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Vitis; wine; Anthocyanins; Caffeic Acids; Color; Fermentation; Food Additives; Food Handling; Fruit; Phenols; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Vitis; Wine	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84873339305	Evaluation of hepatoprotective effect of aqueous extract of Annona muricata (Linn.) leaf against carbon tetrachloride and acetaminophen-induced liver damage	Arthur F.K.N., Woode E., Terlabi E.O., Larbie C.	2012	International Journal of Shoulder Surgery	6	2	10.4103/2229-5119.96957	Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Department of Pharmacology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	Arthur, F.K.N., Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Woode, E., Department of Pharmacology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Terlabi, E.O., Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Larbie, C., Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	Introduction: Liver diseases and jaundice have continued to be a major health problem in the world's population with most conventional drugs not being adequate for treatment. The study was designed to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity and antijaundice property of aqueous extract of Annona muricata (Linn.) against carbon tetrachloride- (CCl4) and acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in Sprague-Dawley rat model. Materials and Methods: Liver damage and hepatic jaundice were induced in experimental animals by administering CCl4 and acetaminophen after pretreatment with aqueous extract of A. muricata. The aqueous extract at 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg was administered for 7 days by oral route. Silymarin (100 mg/kg) was given as the standard hepatoprotective drug. Hepatoprotective effect was studied by assaying the activity of serum marker enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, and triglycerides while antijaundice effect was assayed by measuring serum total bilirubin and indirect bilirubin concentration. Results: The activity of all the marker enzymes registered significant increases in CCl4- and acetaminophen-treated rats, decreases in cholesterol and triglyceride concentration, and increases in total and indirect bilirubin, an indication of hepatic jaundice. A. muricata at all doses significantly restored liver function toward normal levels which compared well against silymarin control. Histopathological analysis of liver sections confirmed biochemical investigations. Conclusion: The results indicate that leaves of A. muricata possess hepatoprotective activity and can treat hepatic jaundice.	acetaminophen; Annona muricata; carbon tetrachloride; jaundice	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84903130516	Evaluation of the hepato and nephron-protective effect of a polyherbal mixture using wistar albino rats	Iroanya O.O., Adebesin O.A., Okpuzor J.	2014	Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research	8	6	10.7860/JCDR/2014/5875.4501	Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, University of Lagos, Akoka - Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria	Iroanya, O.O., Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, University of Lagos, Akoka - Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria; Adebesin, O.A., Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, University of Lagos, Akoka - Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria; Okpuzor, J., Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, University of Lagos, Akoka - Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria	Aim: A polyherbal formulation prepared from a mixture of leaves of Gongronema latifolia, Ocimum gratissimum and Vernonia amygdalina (GOV) was evaluated for hepato-nephro protective properties against acetaminophen-induced toxicity in Wistar albino rats. Materials and Methods: Normal Wistar albino rats were orally treated with different doses of GOV extract (2, 4 and 8 g/kg b. wt), distilled water and some standard hepatoprotective drugs such as Liv 52 and silymarin for 14 days. However, a day prior to the 14th day, 3 g/kg body weight dose of Acetaminophen (APAP) was administered p.o. 1h before GOV and the standard drugs to induce hepatic and renal damage. The normal control was setup which received only distilled water. The serum levels of liver marker enzymes, biochemical analytes, antioxidant enzymes and hematological parameters were monitored. Results: The results showed that pretreatment of experimental animals with a different doses of the polyherbal formulation dose dependently caused a significant (p≤0.05) increase in the levels of most of the measured hematological parameters but significantly (p≤0.05) reduced the levels of MCV and monocytes when compared to the APAP induced toxin control group. Rats pretreated with GOV exhibited significant (p&lt; 0.05) increase in serum levels of ALP, ALT, AST, GGT, LDH, Cholesterol, Triglycerides, Urea and a subsequent decrease in Albumin, Creatine and Total protein when compared to the normal rats. This trend in enzyme and biochemical analytes levels were significantly (p&lt; 0.05) reversed when compared to toxin control group. GOV significantly (p&lt; 0.05) and dose dependently increased the serum, kidney and hepatic CAT, GPx, GSH, GST, SOD and total protein activity in APAP induced damage in rats compared to the toxin control groups. Conclusion: The data from this study suggest that the polyherbal formulation possess hepato and nephron-protective potential against acetaminophen induced hepatotoxicity in rats, thus providing scientific rationale for its use in traditional medicine for the treatment of liver diseases.	Acetaminophen; Antioxidant; Gongronema latifolia; Hepatotoxicity; Liver marker enzymes; Nephron-protective; Ocimum gratissimum; Vernonia amygdalina	alanine aminotransferase; albumin; alkaline phosphatase; aspartate aminotransferase; cholesterol; creatine; edetic acid; gamma glutamyltransferase; glutathione; glutathione peroxidase; glutathione transferase; hemoglobin; herbaceous agent; lactate dehydrogenase; liv 52; malonaldehyde; paracetamol; polyherbal extract; silymarin; superoxide dismutase; thiobarbituric acid reactive substance; triacylglycerol; unclassified drug; urea; acute toxicity; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; antioxidant activity; Apocynaceae; article; controlled study; Gongronema latifolia; Gymnanthemum amygdalinum; hematocrit; hematological parameters; intoxication; kidney injury; leukocyte count; liver protection; liver toxicity; mean corpuscular hemoglobin; mean corpuscular volume; medicinal plant; nonhuman; Ocimum gratissimum; rat; renal protection; thrombocyte count	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84870326106	Formulation development and comparative evaluation of acetaminophen suspension using polysaccaride derived from seed cotyledons of Irvingia wombolu	Onyishi V.I., Chime S.A., Odika F.C., Obitte N.C.	2012	International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research	17	1	None	Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Industrial Pharmacy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria	Onyishi, V.I., Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Industrial Pharmacy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; Chime, S.A., Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Industrial Pharmacy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; Odika, F.C., Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Industrial Pharmacy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; Obitte, N.C., Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Industrial Pharmacy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria	The aim of the study was to formulate acetaminophen paediatric suspension using gum from Irvingia wombolu as suspending agent. Gum extracts from Irvingia wombolu seed cotyledons was used at concentrations of 1.6 and 3% in acetaminophen paediatric suspension. The suspending properties of Irvingia wombolu gum were compared to the properties of its mixtures with acacia and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (SCMC). The phytochemical analysis of Irvingia wombolu gum and the effects of aging on the viscosity of the suspension formulations were studied. From the results, phytochemical analysis showed that the gum contains alkaloids, flavonoids, saponin, tannins and glycosides. The rheological properties of the suspensions showed that the viscosity of the suspensions were stable and did not show significant reduction over time (p < 0.05). The results of sedimentation volume of suspension showed that batch K formulated with Irvingia wombolu gum alone exhibited high stability and hence showed low sedimentation rate over time. Suspensions formulated with Irvingia wombolu gum exhibited properties comparable to those formulations containing mixtures of the three suspending agents (p < 0.05). Therefore, Irvingia wombolu gum can be used alone or with mixtures of acacia and SCMC as suspending agents in acetaminophen suspension for paediatrics.	Acetaminophen; Gums; Irvingia wombolu; Paediatric suspension	alkaloid; carboxymethylcellulose; flavonoid; glycoside; paracetamol; polysaccharide; resin; saponin; steroid; tannin derivative; terpenoid; aging; article; controlled study; cotyledon; drug formulation; flow kinetics; Irvingia wombolu; mango; particle size; pH; phytochemistry; reaction time; sedimentation rate; suspension; temperature sensitivity; viscosity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84956699999	Determining the impact of industrial wine yeast strains on organic acid production under white and red wine-like fermentation conditions	Chidi B.S., Rossouw D., Buica A.S., Bauer F.F.	2015	South African Journal of Enology and Viticulture	36	3	None	Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Department of Oenology and Viticulture, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Chidi, B.S., Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Department of Oenology and Viticulture, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Rossouw, D., Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Department of Oenology and Viticulture, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Buica, A.S., Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Department of Oenology and Viticulture, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Bauer, F.F., Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Department of Oenology and Viticulture, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Organic acids are a major contributor to wine flavour and aroma. In the past, the scientific focus has mostly been on organic acids derived from grapes or on the transformation of malic acid to lactic acid by lactic acid bacteria, since these acids contribute significantly to the final total acidity of wine. However, the organic acid concentration and composition also change significantly during alcoholic fermentation, yet only limited information regarding the impact of different yeast strains on these changes has been published. Here we report on changes in organic acid (malic, tartaric, citric, succinic, acetic and pyruvic) composition during fermentation by five widely used industrial wine yeast strains in a synthetic grape must (MS300) reflecting two very different, but both wine-like, fermentation conditions. Samples were obtained from three physiological stages during fermentation, namely the exponential growth phase (day 2), early stationary phase (day 5) and late stationary phase (day 14). These different stages were selected to provide more information on acid evolution throughout fermentation, as well as on the impact of nutritional and environmental conditions during aerobic and anaerobic fermentation. Among other observations, some strains (such as VIN13 and 285) were shown to be generally higher producers of most acids in white and/or red wine fermentation settings, while other strains (such as DV10) were generally lower acid producers. The data clearly demonstrate that different strains have different acid consumption and production patterns, and this presents a first step towards enabling winemakers to appropriately select strains for acid management during fermentation.	Acetic acid; Fermentation; Pyruvic acid; Succinic acid; Wine yeast	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-73749085582	Evaluation of the diuretic and analgesic activities of the rhizomes of Rumex abyssinicus Jacq in mice	Mekonnen T., Urga K., Engidawork E.	2010	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	127	2	10.1016/j.jep.2009.10.020	Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Drug Research, Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Mekonnen, T., Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Urga, K., Department of Drug Research, Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Engidawork, E., Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Aim of the study: Rumex abyssinicus Jacq (Polygonaceae) has been used traditionally for treatment of hypertension, inflammatory and painful conditions in Ethiopia. The present study aimed to evaluate the diuretic and analgesic activities of extracts of Rumex abyssinicus at different doses in mice. Materials and methods: The effect on urine volume and urinary electrolyte (Na+, K+ and Cl-) was assessed for a period of 5 h following oral administration of aqueous (500 mg/kg, 750 mg/kg or 1000 mg/kg) or 80% methanolic (250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg or 750 mg/kg) extract or furosemide (10 mg/kg). Acetic acid-induced writhing and hot-plate tests were employed to study the analgesic effect of 80% methanolic extracts (250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg or 1000 mg/kg, P.O.) and compared with that of aspirin (100 mg/kg, P.O.) or morphine (10 mg/kg, sc). Results: The extracts displayed dose-dependent diuretic and analgesic effects. The highest doses of both extracts markedly and significantly increased (P &lt; 0.001) urine volume and urinary electrolytes, qualitatively similar to that of furosemide. 1000 mg/kg of the extract reduced the number of writhing by 67.6% (P &lt; 0.001) and conferred more than 70% protection against thermally induced pain stimuli after 45 min of treatment comparable to that of aspirin and morphine, respectively. Conclusion: These findings collectively indicate that the extracts exhibited significant diuretic and analgesic activities, providing evidence, at least in part, for its folkloric use. © 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	Acetic acid-writhing test; Analgesic activity; Diuretic effect; Hot-plate test; Rumex abyssinicus	acetylsalicylic acid; analgesic agent; diuretic agent; furosemide; morphine; plant extract; Rumex abyssinicus extract; unclassified drug; acute toxicity; analgesic activity; animal experiment; animal model; article; chloride urine level; controlled study; diuretic activity; dose response; drug dose comparison; female; hot plate test; male; mouse; nonhuman; pain; potassium urine level; rhizome; Rumex; Rumex abyssinicus; sodium urine level; urinary excretion; urine volume; writhing test; Analgesics; Animals; Diuretics; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Mice; Pain; Pain Measurement; Plant Extracts; Rhizome; Rumex; Mus; Polygonaceae; Rumex abyssinicus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70350273382	Evaluation of the uterotonic activity of the aqueous leaf extract of Ficus exasperata vahl (Moraceae)	Bafor E.E., Omogbai E.K., Ozolua R.I.	2009	Research Journal of Medicinal Plant	3	2	10.3923/rjmp.2009.34.40	Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City 300001, Nigeria	Bafor, E.E., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City 300001, Nigeria; Omogbai, E.K., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City 300001, Nigeria; Ozolua, R.I., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City 300001, Nigeria	The leaves of Ficus exasperata Vahl Enum. Pl. vahl (Moraceae) are used by traditional healers in Southern Nigeria to arrest preterm contractions in pregnant women and are also used as abortifacients in some parts of Africa. In this study the purported uterotonic activity of the aqueous leaf extract of F. exasperata (AET) was investigated in vitro. AET was obtained from the fresh leaves of the plant. The effect of the extract on rhythmic spontaneous uterine contractions was investigated and the extract was also directly tested on uterine tissues. The effect of the extract was compared with those of acetylcholine. The extract, at concentrations ranging from 2.5×10-2 to 100×10-2 mg mL1, significantly increased the frequency (p&lt;0.05) but not the amplitude of spontaneous contractions and directly stimulated uterine contractions. Acetylcholine likewise, concentration-dependency stimulated uterine contractions and significantly increased the frequency (p&lt;0.05) of spontaneous contractions. The aqueous leaf extract of F. exasperata at the concentrations used in this study stimulates uterine contractility which may account for its use in easing childbirth in some parts of Africa. © 2009 Academic Journals Inc.	Acetylcholine; Aqueous extract; Ficus exasperata; Utems; Uterine contraction	acetylcholine; alkaloid derivative; anthracene derivative; cardiac glycoside; Ficus exasperata extract; flavanoid; plant extract; salbutamol; saponin; tannin derivative; unclassified drug; uterotonic agent; water; animal tissue; article; concentration response; controlled study; drug determination; drug inhibition; drug mechanism; drug potentiation; drug screening; female; Ficus; Ficus exasperata; in vitro study; isolated organ; nonhuman; phytochemistry; plant leaf; rat; uterus contractility; uterus contraction; Ficus exasperata; Moraceae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80054955815	Isolation of narciprimine from Cyrtanthus contractus (Amaryllidaceae) and evaluation of its acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity	Nair J.J., Aremu A.O., Van Staden J.	2011	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	137	3	10.1016/j.jep.2011.07.028	Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa	Nair, J.J., Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Aremu, A.O., Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Van Staden, J., Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa	Ethnopharmacological relevance: Plants of the family Amaryllidaceae are used widely in traditional medicine in South Africa. Several of these, including representatives of the genus Cyrtanthus find use in the treatment of mental illness and age-related dementia. Aim of the study: Based on the distribution of central nervous system-activating alkaloidal constituents within the genus Cyrtanthus, Cyrtanthus contractus was here explored for such compounds which could interact with acetylcholinesterase (AChE), of significance in the progression of neurodegeneration associated with Alzheimer's disease. Materials and methods: The known phenanthridone alkaloid narciprimine was isolated via column chromatography of the ethanolic extract of bulbs of Cyrtanthus contractus. The structure of the compound was determined by high field 2D NMR and mass spectroscopic techniques. The classical method of Ellman et al. was used in the determination of AChE inhibitory activity. Results: The isolation of narciprimine from Cyrtanthus contractus is a landmark find since it has previously only been identified in Zephyranthes, Narcissus and Lycoris, genera endemic to the Americas, Europe and Asia, respectively. Narciprimine exhibited micromolar inhibitory activity (IC 50 78.9) against the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. Conclusion: This work represents the first isolation of narciprimine from an African Amaryllidaceae species, which may be of chemotaxonomic significance. The AChE inhibitory activity of narciprimine, taken together with activities of other structurally similar inhibitors within the series affords further insight to the structural details of the lycorine alkaloid acetylcholinesterase inhibitory pharmacophore. © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	Acetylcholinesterase; Alkaloid; Amaryllidaceae; Cyrtanthus contractus; Narciprimine	acetylcholinesterase; cholinesterase inhibitor; narciprimine; plant medicinal product; unclassified drug; Alzheimer disease; article; column chromatography; Cyrtanthus contractus; drug activity; drug isolation; drug screening; drug structure; enzyme inhibition; mass spectrometry; medicinal plant; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; plant bulb; Acetylcholinesterase; Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids; Animals; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Chromatography; Eels; Liliaceae; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mass Spectrometry; Molecular Structure; Phenanthrenes; Plant Extracts; Plant Roots; Plants, Medicinal; Structure-Activity Relationship; Amaryllidaceae; Cyrtanthus; Lycoris; Narcissus; Zephyranthes	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960845763	Evaluation of sub-lethal effects of endosulfan on cortisol secretion, glutathione s-transferase and acetylcholinesterase activities in clarias gariepinus	Ezemonye L.I.N., Ikpesu T.O.	2011	Food and Chemical Toxicology	49	9	10.1016/j.fct.2010.10.025	Department of Animal and Environmental Biology (AEB), University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	Ezemonye, L.I.N., Department of Animal and Environmental Biology (AEB), University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Ikpesu, T.O., Department of Animal and Environmental Biology (AEB), University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	The effects of endosulfan, a widely used organochlorine pesticide in the Niger-Delta ecological zone were examined on cortisol secretion, glutathione S-transferase and acetylcholinesterase enzymatic activities in the serum of a dominant fresh water fish species, Clarias gariepinus. Juveniles stage of C. gariepinus were used for the toxicity study. Lethal concentration of 50% mortality of sample (LC 50) was determined using semi-static method. From the result of the LC 50 determination lower concentrations of endosulfan were prepared for sub-lethal test. Ten fish per test concentration in three replicates were exposed to varying concentrations of endosulfan (0.00, 0.0025, 0.005, 0.0075 and 0.01) μg/L. Signs of stress and mortality were monitored during the experimental duration. Cortisol levels, GST and AChE activities were measured spectrophotometrically. No visible changes in behaviour and appearance were observed in the treated fishes and no mortality recorded. Significant (p&lt;0.05) declined in cortisol secretion was observed and the change in the concentration was dose and time dependent. Glutathione S-transferase activity was significantly (p&lt;0.05) higher than the control and the concentrations increase with increased in concentration and exposure duration. No clear trend was observed in acetylcholinesterase activity. The findings showed that the cortisol levels and GST activity of test organism were affected by the test chemical and therefore could be considered as a suitable marker to evaluate the effect of organochlorine pesticide on fish and other aquatic organisms. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.	Acetylcholinesterase; Clarias gariepinus; Cortisol; Endosulfan; Glutathione S-transferase; Niger-Delta	acetylcholinesterase; biological marker; endosulfan; glutathione transferase; hydrocortisone; animal experiment; article; biological monitoring; Clarias gariepinus; controlled study; ecotoxicity; enzyme activity; enzyme assay; fish; hydrocortisone blood level; hydrocortisone release; juvenile animal; LC 50; long term exposure; Nigeria; nonhuman; pesticide spraying; physical chemistry; physiological stress; spectrophotometry; toxicity testing; upregulation; Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Endosulfan; Fishes; Glutathione Transferase; Hydrocortisone; Pesticides; Clarias gariepinus; Pisces	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960161803	The evaluation of the analgesic activity of the methanolic leaf extract of Jatropha curcas (Linn) in experimental animals	Yusuf O.S., Maxwell E.I.	2011	International Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Technology	6	2	10.1504/IJBET.2011.041124	Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Micheal Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Micheal Okpara University of Agriculture, Umu	Yusuf, O.S., Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Micheal Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria; Maxwell, E.I., Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Micheal Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria	This study evaluated the analgesic activity of the methanolic leaf extract of Jatropha curcas (Linn) in-vivo using analgesic models viz. hot plate method in mice, tail flick or immersion method in rats and the acetic acid-induced writhing reflex model in mice. In all the models, Acetylsalicylic Acid (ASA) was used as the reference drug. In the hot plate and tail flick models, the oral administration of J. curcas extract at the doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg and the reference drug ASA (400 mg/kg) showed potent analgesic effects by significantly (P < 0.001) increasing the Pain Reaction Time (PRT) dose dependently in mice and rats. Also the reference drug and the extract of J. curcas significantly (P < 0.0001) decreased the number of the abdominal Keywords: Jatropha curcas; hot plate; tail flick; writhing reflex; ASA; acetylsalicylic acid. Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Yusuf, O.S. and Maxwell, E.I. (2011) 'The evaluation of the analgesic activity of the methanolic leaf extract of Jatropha curcas (Linn) in experimental animals', Int. J. Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Vol. 6, No. 2, pp.200-207. Biographical notes: Omeh S. Yusuf is a Lecturer in Biochemistry and has BSc and MSc degrees, with specialisation in Medical/Plant Biochemistry. He is pursuing his PhD in Lipid Biochemistry, which is nearing completion. He is involved in research concerning medicinal plants. contortions in the acetic acid-induced writhing reflex in mice and increased the percentage protection in a dose dependent manner. In conclusion, this study indicates that the methanolic leaf extract of Jatropha curcas has significant analgesic properties and may be acting through both peripheral and central pain mechanisms. © 2011 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.	Acetylsalicylic acid; ASA; Hot plate; Jatropha curcas; Tail flick; Writhing reflex	Acetyl salicylic acid; ASA; Hot plates; Jatropha curcas; Tail flick; Writhing reflex; Acetic acid; Biochemistry; Biomedical engineering; Drug dosage; pH; Rats; Animals	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78649574777	Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of extract of Vernonia amygdalina	Georgewill U.O., Georgewill O.A.	2009	Eastern Journal of Medicine	14	1	None	Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria	Georgewill, U.O., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria; Georgewill, O.A., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria	The anti-inflammatory activity of the extract of Vernonia amygdalina was investigated. Inflammatory response was induced by topical application of croton oil dissolved in suitable vehicle on the rat ear. After 6 hrs, cutting out the ear quantitated the response. The cut ear is weighed and the increase in weight relative to controls evaluated. Extract of V.amygdalina when co-applied with croton oil to the rat ear produced a reduction in the inflammatory response produced when croton oil alone was applied to the rat ear. The extract produced 67.10 + 2% reduction of the inflammatory response produced by croton oil alone, this was however lower than the 71.1 + 2% reduction of the inflammatory response produced by acetyl salicylic acid. This finding suggests that extract of V. amygdalina exhibits anti-inflammatory activity and may explain the usefulness of the leaves of this plant in the treatment of inflammatory disease conditions by traditional healers.	Acetyl salicylic acid; Croton oil; Inflammatory response; Vernonia amygdali	acetylsalicylic acid; croton oil; Vernonia amygdalina extract; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; antiinflammatory activity; article; controlled study; drug screening; female; male; nonhuman; organ weight; otitis; plant leaf; quantitative analysis; rat	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77949655143	Environmental, irrigation and fertilization impacts on the seed quality of guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray)	Bekaardt C.R., Coffelt T.A., Fenwick J.R., Wiesner L.E.	2010	Industrial Crops and Products	31	3	10.1016/j.indcrop.2009.12.008	Agricultural Research Council, P/Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa; U.S. Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, Maricopa, AZ 85138, United States; Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO 80523, United States; National Center for Genetic Resources Preservation, USDA-ARS, Ft. Collins, CO 80523, United States	Bekaardt, C.R., Agricultural Research Council, P/Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa; Coffelt, T.A., U.S. Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, Maricopa, AZ 85138, United States; Fenwick, J.R., Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO 80523, United States; Wiesner, L.E., National Center for Genetic Resources Preservation, USDA-ARS, Ft. Collins, CO 80523, United States	Guayule is a perennial shrub that originates from the Chihuahua desert. Currently stand establishment is by transplanting seedlings. In order for guayule commercialization to be more profitable, direct seeding methods need to be developed. For direct seeding to be practical factors affecting seed quality need to be identified. Guayule seed quality is highly variable. The objective of this study was to determine the seed quality of guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) grown under various field conditions in Arizona, USA, and to determine the influence of irrigation frequency and fertilization management practices on seed quality. In experiment I guayule lines AZ-2, AZ-4, AZ-R2 and 11591 were compared at four locations in Arizona (Marana, Maricopa, Yuma Mesa and Yuma Valley). In experiment II guayule lines AZ-2 and 11591 were compared under three irrigation frequencies (40%, 60% and 80%) field capacity and fertilization at low and high levels of nitrogen, at Maricopa. Germination, embryo viability, empty achene production and achene moisture content were determined for harvested achenes. In experiment I a line × location interaction occurred for normal germination, empty achenes and achene fresh weight. Line AZ-4 had the highest germination of 59% at the Yuma Valley location. Empty achenes were the highest in Marana for line 11591 at 56%. In experiment II normal germination was affected by the line, irrigation and fertilization factors. The highest germination of 66% with line 11591, 55% at 60% irrigation and 56% at high fertilization was recorded. Empty achenes were the highest with line AZ-2 at 27%. Correlations of normal germination vs. maximum temperature, empty achenes vs. total rainfall and empty achenes vs. average wind speed were positive. Negative correlations occurred for empty achene vs. maximum temperature, normal germination vs. total rainfall and normal germination vs. average wind speed. The quality of guayule seed under both experimental conditions is severely decreased by empty achene production, which seems due to genetic variability and environmental conditions during flower bloom.	Achene; Fertilization; Guayule; Irrigation; Parthenium argentatum	Arizona; Arizona , USA; Direct-seeding; Environmental conditions; Experimental conditions; Fertilization; Field capacity; Field conditions; Flower bloom; Fresh weight; Genetic variability; Irrigation frequency; Management practices; Maximum temperature; Moisture contents; Negative correlation; Parthenium argentatum; Perennial shrubs; Seed quality; Stand establishment; Total rainfall; Wind speed; Experiments; Landforms; Location; Profitability; Seed; Wind effects; Irrigation; commercialization; fertilizer application; genetic variation; germination; irrigation system; nitrogen; seedling; shrub; transplantation; wind velocity; Chihuahuan Desert; Parthenium argentatum; Yuma; crop production; environmental management; genetic modification; harvesting; moisture content; production management; profitability; seed	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953132065	Effects of computer-assisted instruction on performance of senior high school biology students in Ghana	Owusu K.A., Monney K.A., Appiah J.Y., Wilmot E.M.	2010	Computers and Education	55	2	10.1016/j.compedu.2010.04.001	Department of Science and Mathematics Education, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; School of Biological Sciences, Department of Entomology and Wildlife, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana	Owusu, K.A., Department of Science and Mathematics Education, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Monney, K.A., School of Biological Sciences, Department of Entomology and Wildlife, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Appiah, J.Y., Department of Science and Mathematics Education, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Wilmot, E.M., Department of Science and Mathematics Education, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana	This study investigated the comparative efficiency of computer-assisted instruction (CAI) and conventional teaching method in biology on senior high school students. A science class was selected in each of two randomly selected schools. The pretest-posttest non equivalent quasi experimental design was used. The students in the experimental group learned science concepts (cell cycle) through the CAI, whereas the students in the control group were taught the same concepts by the conventional approach. The conventional approach consisted of lecture, discussions and question and answer teaching methods. Mann-Whitney U tests were used to analyze students' pretest and posttests scores. The results indicated that students that were instructed by the conventional approach performed better on the posttest than those instructed by the CAI. However, the performance of low achievers within the experimental group improved after they were instructed by the CAI. Even though the CAI group did not perform better than the conventional approach group, the students in the CAI group perceived CAI to be interesting when they were interviewed. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Achievement; Cell cycle; Computer-assisted instruction; Conventional approach; ICT and senior high school	Cell cycle; Computer Assisted Instruction; Control groups; Conventional approach; Experimental design; Experimental groups; High school; High school students; Mann-Whitney U test; Teaching methods; Computer crime; Students; Computer aided instruction	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78751640621	Study methods for improving quality learning and performance in higher education	Mutsotso S.N., Abenga E.S.B.	2010	Educational Research and Reviews	5	12	None	Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box 190, Kakamege - 50100, Kenya	Mutsotso, S.N., Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box 190, Kakamege - 50100, Kenya; Abenga, E.S.B., Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box 190, Kakamege - 50100, Kenya	Education is an investment to development and poor study methods should not compromise the mandate of higher education institutions to generate, preserve and disseminate knowledge and produce high quality graduates. Universities admit students with varying backgrounds in terms of learning/study styles, levels of preparedness and concepts of university education. Some were "drilled", spoon fed, taught for exams, or have wrong purposes/values of university learning. These negatively impact on their study skills and achievement. In complementing the role played by academic staff, students need to be conscious of their personality and study ethics as they influence studying. It is futile to teach well while students lack the fundamentals to conceptualize and internalize the new knowledge. This paper proposes a paradigm shift in study methods and suggests strategies for both the lecturers and the students in universities towards improved learning and performance. The paper is based on the "distributed learning approach" to adequately cater for individual differences that exist among the students. The model is significant for university students, most of whom begin serious studying on realization that examinations are around the corner. This causes stress, confusion and tendency to cheat in examinations. Distributed learning model will address the study space needs and the efficiency and effectiveness of study methods. © 2010 Academic Journals.	Achievement; Distributed learning; Learning performance; Study methods	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84875995518	Impact of reciprocal peer-tutoring on secondary school students' achievement in large physics classes in Nigeria	Oludipe B.D.	2009	Ubiquitous Learning	1	2	None	Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ogun, Nigeria	Oludipe, B.D., Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ogun, Nigeria	This study investigated the impact of Reciprocal peer-tutoring on senior secondary students' Achievement in large Physics classes in Nigeria. It adopted the pretest-posttest control group quasi-experimental design. One hundred and ninetyfour intact class of students (112 males and 82females) with a mean age of 15.7 years, SD= 1.7 from four co-educational secondary schools in Edo State, Nigeria constituted the sample for the study. A Physics Achievement Test (PAT) consisting of fifty items in multiple-choice format was used for data collection. Data was analyzed using simple descriptive statistics and t-test. Results revealed that reciprocal peer tutoring improved students' achievement in Physics in large classes significantly. However, no significant effect of reciprocal peer-tutoring on gender was found. The findings from this study tend to suggest that reciprocal peer-tutoring could be a panacea for dealing with the problems of Physics achievement deficits in large class sizes. In effect, policy makers may not need to bother reducing large class sizes but encourage Physics teachers to employ reciprocal peer-tutoring to facilitate students' learning. © Common Ground, Bimbola D. Oludipe, All Rights Reserved.	Achievement; Large class size; Peer-tutoring; Physics; Reciprocal teaching; Secondary school	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84903473830	Effects of three cooperative learning strategies on the performance of secondary school students in physics	Gambari I.A., Yusuf M.O.	2014	Chemistry	23	3	None	Department of Science Education, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria; Department of Educational Technology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	Gambari, I.A., Department of Science Education, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria; Yusuf, M.O., Department of Educational Technology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	This study investigated the effects of three co-operative learning strategies on the performance of secondary students in physics. It also examined whether the performance of the students would vary with gender and achievement levels. Purposive sampling technique was used to select two senior secondary (SSS II) physics students from two intact classes in the selected four secondary schools in Minna, Niger State, Nigeria. The students were in STAD (n = 48), Jigsaw II (n = 42), TAI (n = 41), and ICI (n = 38) groups. Computer-Assisted Learning Package (CALP) and Physics Achievement Test (PAT) were used as treatment and test instruments respectively. Analysis of Covariance and Scheffe test were used for data analysis. Findings indicated that there was significant difference in the performance of the groups. In addition, students' gender had no influence on their performances. Also, achievement levels had significant influence on students' performance in cooperative settings. Based on the findings, it was recommended among other that teachers should be encouraged to use computer-supported cooperative strategies in the classroom for teaching physics concepts.	Achievement level; Computer in education; Gender; ICI; Jigsaw II; STAD; TAI	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84919871364	Dissociation between running economy and running performance in elite Kenyan distance runners	Mooses M., Mooses K., Haile D.W., Durussel J., Kaasik P., Pitsiladis Y.P.	2015	Journal of Sports Sciences	33	2	10.1080/02640414.2014.926384	University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya; School of Sport and Service Management, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, United Kingdom	Mooses, M., University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Mooses, K., University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Haile, D.W., Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom, Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya; Durussel, J., Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Kaasik, P., University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Pitsiladis, Y.P., Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom, Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya, School of Sport and Service Management, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, United Kingdom	The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between running economy (RE) and performance in a homogenous group of competitive Kenyan distance runners. Maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max) (68.8 ± 3.8 ml∙kg−1∙min−1) was determined on a motorised treadmill in 32 Kenyan (25.3 ± 5.0 years; IAAF performance score: 993 ± 77 p) distance runners. Leg anthropometry was assessed and moment arm of the Achilles tendon determined. While Achilles moment arm was associated with better RE (r2 = 0.30, P = 0.003) and upper leg length, total leg length and total leg length to body height ratio were correlated with running performance (r = 0.42, P = 0.025; r = 0.40, P = 0.030 and r = 0.38, P = 0.043, respectively), RE and maximal time on treadmill (tmax) were not associated with running performance (r = −0.01, P = 0.965; r = 0.27; P = 0.189, respectively) in competitive Kenyan distance runners. The dissociation between RE and running performance in this homogenous group of runners would suggest that RE can be compensated by other factors to maintain high performance levels and is in line with the idea that RE is only one of many factors explaining elite running performance. © 2014, © 2014 Taylor & Francis.	Achilles moment arm; anthropometric characteristics; Kenyan distance runners; maximal oxygen uptake; running economy; running performance	achilles tendon; adult; anatomy and histology; body height; body mass; competitive behavior; endurance; exercise test; human; Kenya; leg; male; oxygen consumption; physiology; running; young adult; Achilles Tendon; Adult; Body Height; Body Mass Index; Competitive Behavior; Exercise Test; Humans; Kenya; Leg; Male; Oxygen Consumption; Physical Endurance; Running; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84866050827	Evaluation of in vivo wound healing activity of methanol extract of Achyranthes aspera L.	Fikru A., Makonnen E., Eguale T., Debella A., Abie Mekonnen G.	2012	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	143	2	10.1016/j.jep.2012.06.049	Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 9086, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Akililu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Drug Research, Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, P.O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Pathology, National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Center, P.O. Box, 04, Sebeta, Ethiopia	Fikru, A., Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia; Makonnen, E., Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 9086, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Eguale, T., Akililu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Debella, A., Department of Drug Research, Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, P.O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Abie Mekonnen, G., Department of Pathology, National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Center, P.O. Box, 04, Sebeta, Ethiopia	Ethnopharmacological relevance: The leaves of Achyranthes aspera L. (Amarenthacea) has been used traditionally for the treatment of wound in various parts of Ethiopia. However, the plant has not been explored scientifically for its wound healing activity. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the wound healing activity of methanol extract of Achyranthes aspera L. leaves in rats. Materials and methods: Incision and excision wounds were inflicted on albino rats of either sex, under diethyl ether anesthesia. Group I served as positive control and was treated with 1% silver sulphadiazine, group II, III, IV treated with simple ointment containing 2.5%, 5% and 10% (w/w) methanol extract of the leaves of Achyranthes aspera L.; respectively, whereas group V served as negative control and was treated with simple ointment. All the animals were treated topically once a day. Wound healing potential was assessed with excision and incision wound model. Excision wound model was used to assess the change in percentage contraction of wound, epithelization time, DNA content and histological features whereas rats inflicted with the incision wounds were used to determine breaking strength. Results: Based on the results of percentage wound contraction, the DNA content and epithelization time, all groups of rats treated with methanol extract of the leaves of Achyranthes aspera L. showed significant (p<0.05) wound healing activity compared to group of rats treated with simple ointment (negative control) group. The difference in breaking strength was, however, significant (p<0.05) only for the 5% and 10% methanol extract of Achyranthes aspera (w/w) ointment treated groups. Histological evaluation showed well organized epidermal layer, increased number of fibrocytes, remarkable degree of neovascularization and epithelization which was comparable to the standard on the 21st day after treatment; especially in the 5% and 10% (w/w) extract treated group. Conclusion: The present study provides a scientific rationale for the traditional use of the leaf extracts of Achyranthes aspera L. in the treatment of wound. © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.	Achyranthes aspera L.; In vivo; Methanol; Rats; Wound healing	Achyranthes aspera extract; ether; sulfadiazine silver; wound healing promoting agent; Achyranthes aspera; animal experiment; animal model; article; controlled study; DNA content; epidermis; epithelization; excision; female; in vivo study; incision; male; medicinal plant; nonhuman; plant leaf; rat; wound contraction; wound healing; Achyranthes; Animals; DNA; Ethiopia; Female; Male; Medicine, African Traditional; Methanol; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Rats; Skin; Solvents; Wound Healing; Achyranthes aspera; Animalia; Rattus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-62349083377	Impact of aciclovir on genital and plasma HIV-1 RNA in HSV-2/HIV-1 co-infected women: A randomized placebo-controlled trial in South Africa	Delany S., Mlaba N., Clayton T., Akpomiemie G., Capovilla A., Legoff J., Belec L., Stevens W., Rees H., Mayaud P.	2009	AIDS	23	4	10.1097/QAD.0b013e32831db217	Reproductive Health and HIV Research Unit, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Clinical Research Unit and Medical Statistics Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, France; Université Paris V, Centres de Recherches Biomédicales des Cordeliers and Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France; Reproductive Health and HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, PO Box 18512, Hillbrow, Johannesburg 2038, South Africa	Delany, S., Reproductive Health and HIV Research Unit, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Clinical Research Unit and Medical Statistics Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, Reproductive Health and HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, PO Box 18512, Hillbrow, Johannesburg 2038, South Africa; Mlaba, N., Reproductive Health and HIV Research Unit, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Clayton, T., Clinical Research Unit and Medical Statistics Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Akpomiemie, G., Reproductive Health and HIV Research Unit, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Capovilla, A., Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Legoff, J., Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, France; Belec, L., Université Paris V, Centres de Recherches Biomédicales des Cordeliers and Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France; Stevens, W., Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Rees, H., Reproductive Health and HIV Research Unit, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Mayaud, P., Clinical Research Unit and Medical Statistics Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom	Background: Several studies suggest that herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) may enhance HIV-1 transmission and disease progression. Methods: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of aciclovir 400 mg twice daily for 3 months in 300 HSV-2/HIV-1 co-infected women not yet on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Participants were evaluated prerandomization and at monthly visits for 3 months. Primary outcomes were the detection and quantity of genital HIV-1 RNA at the month 3 (M3) visit. Analyses were also undertaken using data from all visits. The treatment effects on plasma HIV-1 RNA, CD4 + cell count and genital HSV-2 DNA were also assessed. Results: At M3 fewer women had detectable genital HIV in the aciclovir group compared to placebo, but this was not significant [61/132 (46%) vs. 71/137 (52%), risk ratio (RR) 0.89, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.70-1.14; P = 0.36]. There was also little difference in quantity of HIV-1 RNA among shedders(+0.13 log 10 copies/ml, 95% CI -0.14 to 0.39) at M3. However, aciclovir significantly decreased the frequency of HIV-1 shedding over all visits [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.57, 95% CI 0.36-0.89]. Significant reductions in M3 plasma HIV-1 RNA (-0.34 log 10 copies/ml, 95% CI 0.15-0.54), genital HSV-2 DNA (8 vs. 20%, RR 0.37, 95% CI 0.19-0.73) and genital ulceration (8 vs. 18%, RR 0.43, 95% CI 0.22-0.84) were observed in the aciclovir group. Conclusion: HSV-2 suppressive therapy, by reducing HIV-1 plasma viral load and altering the pattern of genital HIV-1 shedding, may contribute to the reduction in sexual transmission of HIV-1 and may delay the requirement for HAART initiation. © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health|Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins.	Aciclovir; Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2); HIV-1; Randomized controlled trial; South Africa; Suppressive therapy	aciclovir; placebo; virus DNA; virus RNA; adult; article; CD4 lymphocyte count; clinical trial; concurrent infection; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; disease course; double blind procedure; drug efficacy; female; genital herpes; genital ulcer; Herpes simplex virus 2; human; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; major clinical study; priority journal; randomized controlled trial; treatment outcome; virus transmission; Acyclovir; Adult; Antiviral Agents; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Cervix Uteri; DNA, Viral; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Herpes Genitalis; Herpesvirus 2, Human; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Middle Aged; RNA, Viral; Sexual Behavior; Specimen Handling; Treatment Outcome; Vagina; Virus Shedding; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79952004024	Performance of sewer pipe concrete mixtures with portland and calcium aluminate cements subject to mineral and biogenic acid attack	Alexander M.G., Fourie C.	2011	Materials and Structures/Materiaux et Constructions	44	1	10.1617/s11527-010-9629-1	Department of Civil Engineering, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa; University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa	Alexander, M.G., Department of Civil Engineering, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa; Fourie, C., University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa	The paper reports on the performance of a series of sewer pipe concrete mixtures and cementitious lining mixtures in acid environments. Binder types based on ordinary portland cement (OPC) and calcium aluminate cement (CAC) were used, with both acid-soluble and acid-insoluble aggregates and various supplementary cementitious materials (SCM). One series of tests subjected the mixtures to pure mineral acid (hydrochloric acid, pH = 1), using a specially designed dynamic test rig. The other series of tests involved monitoring specimens placed in a live sewer under very aggressive conditions induced by acid-generating bacteria. Under mineral acid attack on concretes with conventional dolomite aggregates, OPC/silica fume concretes displayed best performance, attributed to their densified microstructure coupled with substantially improved ITZ. CAC concretes with dolomite aggregate did not perform any better than similar OPC specimens under these conditions, primarily because of their higher porosity. However, with concretes using synthetic alagTM aggregates in mineral acid testing, CAC/alagTM mixtures performed exceptionally well due to their homogeneous microstructure, inferred absence of an ITZ, and slower dissolution and finer size of alag TM aggregate particles. The dynamic acid test was able to reveal differences in physical and chemical interactions between constituents in concrete mixes. Under biogenic acid conditions in the sewer, CAC concretes clearly outperformed OPC concretes. This is ascribed to the ability of CAC to stifle the metabolism of the acid-generating bacteria, thereby reducing acid generation. Thus the effects of neutralisation capacity and stifling of bacterial activity need to be distinguished in designing concrete mixtures to provide good acid resistance. Relative rates of dissolution of binder and aggregates are also important in overall performance, with uniform rates preferable in order to avoid aggregate fallout. © 2010 RILEM Résumé: Cet article présente des séries d'essais visant à évaluer la résistance à la corrosion acide de différents bétons et mortiers de protection utilisés pour les tuyaux d'assainissement. Les types de liant sont du Ciment Portland (OPC) et du ciment d'aluminate de calcium (CAC), combinés à des granulats soit solubles dans l'acide soit insolubles, avec ou sans ajouts minéraux (SCM). Dans une première série de tests, les bétons sont soumis à un acide minéral pur (acide chlorydrique, pH = 1) à l'aide d'un montage dynamique spécialement conçu pour ce programme. Une deuxième série d'essais consiste à suivre des éprouvettes exposées dans un réseau d'égout en service, dans des conditions très sévères de corrosion biogénique induites par les bactéries produisant de l'acide. Soumises à la corrosion par l'acide minéral, les éprouvettes de béton OPC/fumée de silice avec des granulats dolomitiques ont montré la meilleure performance, probablement en raison d'une microstructure plus dense et d'une auréole de transition (ITZ) nettement améliorée. Les bétons de CAC avec granulats dolomitiques n'ont pas pré senté une meilleure performance par rapport aux bétons de Portland dans cet essai, probablement en raison d'une plus grande porosité. A l'inverse, les bétons de CAC/granulats ALAGTM ont exceptionnellement bien résisté au test à l'acide minéral, en raison à l'homogénéité de la microstructure, de l'absence d'auréole de transition, d'une dissolution plus lente et de la taille réduite des particules de granulats ALAG TM. Le test dynamique de résistance à la corrosion acide a permis de mettre en évidence les différences dans les interactions physiques et chimiques entre les constituants des bétons. Dans les conditions de corrosion acide d'origine biogénique en réseau d'assainissement, les bétons de CAC ont clairement mieux tenu que les bétons d'OPC. Cela est attribué à la capacité des CAC de freiner le métabolisme des bactéries produisant de l'acide, réduisant ainsi la production d'acide. En conséquence, les paramètres de capacité de neutralisation et de réduction de l'activité biologique doivent être distingués dans la conception d'une formule de bétons pour obtenir une bonne résistance à la corrosion acide. Les taux relatifs de dissolution du liant et des granulats sont aussi importants dans la performance globale, des taux similaires étant préférable pour éviter le déchaussement des granulats. © 2010 RILEM.	Acid attack; Acid resistance; AlagTM aggregates; Biogenic; Calcium aluminate cement; Concrete sewer pipes; Performance	Acid attack; Alag aggregates; Biogenic; Calcium aluminate cement; Concrete sewer pipes; Performance; Agglomeration; Bacteriology; Binders; Calcium; Concrete aggregates; Concrete construction; Concrete mixers; Concrete pipe; Concretes; Corrosion; Dissolution; Hydrochloric acid; Microstructure; Minerals; Mixtures; Portland cement; Sewers; Silicate minerals; Testing; Acid resistance	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78349277262	Investigation of potential water quality and quantity impacts associated with mining of the shallow Waterberg coal reserves, west of the Daarby Fault, Limpopo Province, South Africa	Bester M., Vermeulen P.D.	2010	Water SA	36	5	None	Institute for Groundwater Studies, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	Bester, M., Institute for Groundwater Studies, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Vermeulen, P.D., Institute for Groundwater Studies, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	From South African and international experience, it is known that coal mining has a pronounced impact on surface and groundwater quality and quantity. The influx of water may be as low as 1% of rainfall for underground mines to as much as 20% for opencast mines. Such differences may influence the quantity and quality of surface water and groundwater resources at the local scale and further afield. The Waterberg coal reserves represent the only area with proven coal reserves which are still available for development in South Africa. These reserves are targeted for large-scale mining in the near future, and are situated in a relatively dry part of South Africa. In view of the low rainfall and limited surface water resources, the necessary level of safeguard measures to ensure the quantity and quality of existing water resources is unclear. Experience from other areas cannot necessarily be extrapolated directly. A scoping level study was performed to consolidate the existing information on the geohydrology and pre-mining water quantity and quality of water resources associated with the Waterberg coal reserves. New data regarding water quality and acid-base potential for the different geological areas (through field investigations) and geology and mining methods were obtained. Findings showed a significant likely impact on groundwater resources, with a potential for generation of acid mine drainage, although low transmissivities will in all probability prevent decant after back-filling is complete.	Acid-base accounting; Geohydrological modeling; Recharge; Water quality; Water quantity; Waterberg coalfield	Acid-base accounting; Coal fields; Geohydrological modeling; Recharge; Water quantity; Acids; Coal; Coal industry; Groundwater; Groundwater resources; Hydrogeology; Mining; Rain; Runoff; Surface water resources; Water pollution; Water quality; Coal deposits; acid mine drainage; backfill; coal mining; fieldwork; quantitative analysis; rainfall; recharge; water quality; water resource; Limpopo; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84888879495	Evaluation of Persea Americana green extract inhibitory performance on aluminium alloy in 1 M H2SO4s/3.65% NaCl acid-chloride solutions	Popoola A.P.I., Fayomi O.S.I., Adeleke A.A.	2013	Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment	17	12	None	Department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Material Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa	Popoola, A.P.I., Department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Material Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa; Fayomi, O.S.I., Department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Material Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa; Adeleke, A.A., Department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Material Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa	The effect of Persea Americana (PA) hexane juice extract on the corrosion behavior of aluminium in 1M H2SO4 contaminated with 3.65% NaCl (acid-chloride) has been studied by linear potentiodynamic polarization and gravimetric measurements. The morphological behavior and the degradation process at the interface were examined with OPM and SEM/EDX analysis. The results obtained indicated that inhibition efficiency generally decreased with the increase in test duration and that increase in percent inhibitor caused alternating increase and decrease in the corrosion rate. This alternating decrease and increase may be due to the deposition of corrosion products in the contaminated solution and on the surface of the specimen which might be an indication of the impotency of the inhibitor to maintain a cohesive, stable oxide film on the aluminium surface in the presence of acid-chloride ions. The Tafel parameters of inhibition efficiency, corrosion current density and anodic and cathodic constants showed that the PA inhibitor only works effectively at a higher PA while below this; there is dramatic acceleration of corrosion rate of Aluminium in the simulated acid-chloride environment instead of reducing it. It is recommended that PA use as an inhibitor be further examined under other corrosive simulated environments or rather be used at higher concentration.	Acidchloride; Aluminium; Corrosion; Environment; Persea Americana	alloy; aluminum; corrosion; deposition; interface; morphology; native species; parameterization; sodium chloride; surface; tree	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84938201454	Performance assessment of poly (methacrylic acid)/silver nanoparticles composite as corrosion inhibitor for aluminium in acidic environment	Solomon M.M., Umoren S.A.	2015	Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology	29	21	10.1080/01694243.2015.1066235	Corrosion Protection and Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria; Centre of Research Excellence in Corrosion, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia	Solomon, M.M., Corrosion Protection and Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria; Umoren, S.A., Centre of Research Excellence in Corrosion, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia	This article reports the preparation of poly (methacrylic acid)/silver nanoparticles composite (PMAA/AgNPs) by in situ mixing of aqueous solutions of PMAA and 1 mM AgNO<inf>3</inf> with natural honey as reducing and stabilizing agent. The prepared PMAA/AgNPs composite was characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transformed infrared, X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) while the morphology of the AgNPs in the composite was obtained by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEM results revealed that the AgNPs were spherical in shape. The performance of PMAA/AgNPs composite as anticorrosion material for Al in acidic environment was examined by electrochemical, weight loss methods, complemented by surface analysis characterization with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), EDS and water contact angle measurements. Results obtained indicate that PMAA/AgNPs composite is effective corrosion inhibitor for Al in an acid-induced corrosive environment. Inhibition efficiency increased with increase in composite concentration but decreased with rise in temperature. From potentiodynamic polarization results, PMAA/AgNPs composite is found to function as a mixed-type corrosion inhibitor. The adsorption of the composite onto Al surface was found to follow El-Awady et al. adsorption isotherm model. SEM, EDS and water contact angle results confirmed the adsorption of the composite on Al surface. © 2015 Taylor and Francis.	acid corrosion; aluminium; composite; corrosion inhibition; nanoparticles; poly (methacrylic acid)	Adsorption; Aluminum; Composite materials; Contact angle; Corrosion; Electron microscopy; Energy dispersive spectroscopy; High resolution transmission electron microscopy; Nanoparticles; Scanning electron microscopy; Solutions; Surface analysis; Transmission electron microscopy; X ray diffraction; Acid corrosion; Adsorption isotherm model; Anti-corrosion materials; Corrosion inhibition; Energy dispersive spectroscopies (EDS); Performance assessment; Poly (methacrylic acid); Water contact angle measurement; Corrosion inhibitors	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897376195	Characterization and evaluation of acid-modified starch of Dioscorea oppositifolia (Chinese yam) as a binder in chloroquine phosphate tablets	Okunlola A., Akingbala O.	2013	Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences	49	4	10.1590/S1984-82502013000400009	Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Okunlola, A., Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Akingbala, O., Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Chinese yam (Dioscorea oppositifolia) starch modified by acid hydrolysis was characterized and compared with native starch as a binder in chloroquine phosphate tablet formulations. The physicochemical and compressional properties (using density measurements and the Heckel and Kawakita equations) of modified Chinese yam starch were determined, and its quantitative effects as a binder on the mechanical and release properties of chloroquine phosphate were analyzed using a 23 full factorial design. The nature (X1), concentration of starch (X2) and packing fraction (X3) were taken as independent variables and the crushing strength-friability ratio (CSFR), disintegration time (DT) and dissolution time (t80) as dependent variables. Acid-modified Chinese yam starch showed a marked reduction (p&lt;0.05) in amylose content and viscosity but increased swelling and water-binding properties. The modified starch had a faster onset and greater amount of plastic flow. Changing the binder from native to acid-modified form led to significant increases (p&lt;0.05) in CSFR and DT but a decrease in t80. An increase in binder concentration and packing fraction gave similar results for CSFR and DT only. These results suggest that acid-modified Chinese yam starches may be useful as tablet binders when high bond strength and fast dissolution are required.	Acid hydrolysis; Chinese yam/starch/binding properties; Dioscorea oppositifolia/pharmaceutics; Drugs/release; Factorial design	amylose; chloroquine; starch; article; carbohydrate analysis; concentration (parameters); crushing strength; crushing strength friability ratio; Dioscorea oppositifolia; drug binding; drug release; drug solubility; hydrolysis; physical chemistry; tablet disintegration time; tablet formulation; tablet friability; tablet property; viscosity; yam	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84898487791	Preliminary evaluation of the effectiveness of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viceae strains in nodulating hairy vetch (Vicia villosa) in the sandy soils of Zimbabwe	Tumbure A., Wuta M., Mapanda F.	2013	South African Journal of Plant and Soil	30	4	10.1080/02571862.2013.868536	Soil Productivity Research Laboratory, Department of Research and Specialist Services, Private Bag 3757, Marondera, Zimbabwe; Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, University of Zimbabwe, PO Box MP167, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Marondera College of Agricultural Science and Technology, University of Zimbabwe, PO Box 35, Marondera, Zimbabwe	Tumbure, A., Soil Productivity Research Laboratory, Department of Research and Specialist Services, Private Bag 3757, Marondera, Zimbabwe, Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, University of Zimbabwe, PO Box MP167, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Wuta, M., Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, University of Zimbabwe, PO Box MP167, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe, Marondera College of Agricultural Science and Technology, University of Zimbabwe, PO Box 35, Marondera, Zimbabwe; Mapanda, F., Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, University of Zimbabwe, PO Box MP167, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe	Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) is an introduced temperate forage legume in Zimbabwe that has no locally available commercial inoculant. In this study, Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viceae strains MAR 1504, MAR 833 and MAR 346 available in Zimbabwe's strain bank were evaluated for nodulation and N2-fixing effectiveness in a sandy soil (Typic Kandiustalf). There was no significant difference in hairy vetch biomass (range: 3.4-4.5 g pot-1) and nitrogen (N) content between plants in acidic and limed soil, showing that soil acidity was not a major problem for hairy vetch productivity in the short term. Inoculation with R. leguminosarum significantly increased (p &lt; 0.05) biomass production (range: 0.37-3.11 t ha-1) and enhanced N2 fixation of hairy vetch compared to the uninoculated control, which had no nodules and significantly less biomass. Hairy vetch fixed up to 66.5 kg N ha-1 in the field, and this amount may be made available for cereal crops as green manure. From the strains tested, MAR 833 and MAR1504 were more effective than MAR 346 in increasing the amount of N2 fixed per unit area and are thus recommended for further multilocation field testing in farmer's fields to allow conclusive identification of strains to use in commercial inoculant production. Copyright © 2013 Combined Congress Continuing Committee.	Acidic sandy soil; Biological nitrogen fixation; Hairy vetch; Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viceae	acid soil; biological production; biomass; forage; inoculation; legume; manure; microbial activity; nitrogen fixation; nodulation; performance assessment; rhizobacterium; sandy soil; Zimbabwe	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-57049149645	Impact of the copper solvent extraction reagent LIX 984N on the growth and activity of selected acidophiles	Watling H.R., Perrot F.A., Shiers D.W., Grosheva A., Richards T.N.	2009	Hydrometallurgy	95	42433	10.1016/j.hydromet.2008.07.004	Parker Centre for Integrated Hydrometallurgy Solutions, CSIRO Minerals, PO Box 7229, Karawara, WA 6152, Australia; Laboratory of Chemical Thermodynamics, Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonossov State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, Moscow, 119992, Russian Federation; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701 Cape Town, South Africa	Watling, H.R., Parker Centre for Integrated Hydrometallurgy Solutions, CSIRO Minerals, PO Box 7229, Karawara, WA 6152, Australia; Perrot, F.A., Parker Centre for Integrated Hydrometallurgy Solutions, CSIRO Minerals, PO Box 7229, Karawara, WA 6152, Australia; Shiers, D.W., Parker Centre for Integrated Hydrometallurgy Solutions, CSIRO Minerals, PO Box 7229, Karawara, WA 6152, Australia; Grosheva, A., Laboratory of Chemical Thermodynamics, Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonossov State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, Moscow, 119992, Russian Federation; Richards, T.N., Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701 Cape Town, South Africa	The effects of the copper extractant LIX 984N 20% v/v in Shellsol 2046 on the abilities of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans to catalyse copper extraction from a chalcopyrite concentrate and to oxidise ferrous ion to ferric ion were compared and the possible role of Acidiphilium cryptum in ameliorating the effects of the SX reagent was examined. The SX reagent up to 250 mg/L was found to have little impact on the extraction of copper from a chalcopyrite concentrate using At. ferrooxidans. In contrast, with S. thermosulfidooxidans, copper extraction was reduced to about one third in the presence of 50 mg/L SX reagent and at 250 mg/L SX reagent, was barely more than for an abiotic test. The SX reagent strongly inhibited ferrous ion biooxidation by several bacterial species in contrast to At. ferrooxidans. The presence of 50 mg/L SX reagent caused oxidation rates to drop to between 0 and 12% of those in controls in approximately 40-hour tests. The most toxic component of the SX reagent was found to be 4-nonylphenol. A. cryptum tolerated 250 mg/L SX reagent but did not utilise it as an energy source. Bioleaching of chalcopyrite concentrate was not enhanced significantly when A. cryptum was added to test inocula. It is proposed that A. cryptum utilises fungal biomass as an energy source in managed heaps with solution recycle via solvent extraction plants. While it shares the environment with iron- and sulfur-oxidising acidophiles, it does not contribute directly to copper extraction from sulfide minerals. Crown Copyright © 2008.	Acidiphilium; Acidithiobacillus; Bioleaching; Ferrous ion oxidation; Organic reagents; Sulfobacillus	Bioleaching; Biomass; Chemical oxygen demand; Copper; Copper compounds; Extraction; Ions; Iron; Oxidation; Phenols; Renewable energy resources; Solvent extraction; Solvents; Sulfide minerals; Sulfur; Acidiphilium; Acidithiobacillus; Ferrous ion oxidation; Organic reagents; Sulfobacillus; Rate constants	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84889087057	Evaluation of the microbial community, acidity and proximate composition of akamu, a fermented maize food	Obinna-Echem P.C., Kuri V., Beal J.	2014	Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture	94	2	10.1002/jsfa.6264	School of Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, United Kingdom; Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, PMB 5080, Nigeria	Obinna-Echem, P.C., School of Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, United Kingdom, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, PMB 5080, Nigeria; Kuri, V., School of Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, United Kingdom; Beal, J., School of Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, United Kingdom	BACKGROUND: Akamu is a lactic acid-fermented cereal-based food that constitutes a major infant complementary food in most West African countries. The identities of LAB populations from DGGE analysis and conventionally isolated LAB and yeasts from traditionally fermented akamu were confirmed by PCR sequencing analysis. The relationships between pH, acidity and lactic acid levels and proximate composition of the akamu samples were investigated. RESULTS: The LAB communities in the akamu samples comprised mainly Lactobacillus species, including Lb. fermentum, Lb. plantarum, Lb. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus and Lb. helveticus, as well as Lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris. Identified yeasts were Candida tropicalis, Candida albicans, Clavispora lusitaniae and Saccharomyces paradoxus. Low pH (3.22-3.95) was accompanied by high lactic acid concentrations (43.10-84.29 mmol kg-1). Protein (31.88-74.32 g kg-1) and lipid (17.74-36.83 g kg-1) contents were negatively correlated with carbohydrate content (897.48-926.20 g kg-1, of which ≤1 g kg-1 was sugars). Ash was either not detected or present only in trace amounts (≤4 g kg-1). Energy levels ranged from 17.29 to 18.37 kJ g-1. CONCLUSION: The akamu samples were predominantly starchy foods and had pH &lt; 4.0 owing to the activities of fermentative LAB. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry.	Acidity; Akamu; Lactic acid bacteria; Proximate composition; Yeasts	Bacteria (microorganisms); Candida albicans; Candida tropicalis; Clavispora lusitaniae; Lactobacillus; Lactococcus lactis; Saccharomyces paradoxus; Zea mays; lactic acid; acidity; akamu; article; bacterial count; chemistry; diet; fermentation; food control; genetics; human; lactic acid bacterium; Lactobacillus; maize; microbiology; microflora; pH; plant seed; polymerase chain reaction; proximate composition; yeast; acidity; akamu; lactic acid bacteria; proximate composition; yeasts; Colony Count, Microbial; Diet; Fermentation; Food Microbiology; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactic Acid; Lactobacillus; Microbiota; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Seeds; Yeasts; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70149092759	Evaluation of pH levels in some common carbohydrate food items consumed by communities in the Central Senatorial District of Cross River State, South-South of Nigeria	Tawo E.N., Abara A.E., Malu S.P., Alobi N.O.	2009	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	8	9	10.3923/pjn.2009.1387.1390	Department of Chemical Sciences, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, Benue State University, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria	Tawo, E.N., Department of Chemical Sciences, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, Nigeria; Abara, A.E., Department of Chemical Sciences, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, Nigeria; Malu, S.P., Department of Chemistry, Benue State University, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria; Alobi, N.O., Department of Chemical Sciences, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, Nigeria	This work evaluates and provides data on the seasonal pH of common carbohydrate food sources in major communities of central senatorial districts of Cross River State. The result shows that most of the locally consumed food items within these zones are mostly acidic within a mean value of pH of 4.6 and conductivity of 48.6 Siemens for the wet season and pH of 4.8 and conductivity of 27.4 for the dry season which causes a lot of ailments. A balance diet or a combination of food substances to keep an optimal body pH balance is recommended so as to discourage the growth of microforms and organisms which give rise to these problems. It is recommended also that other non-carbohydrate food items such as proteins and vegetables be increased in the menu, or the starchy content of food substances can be reduced during the manufacturing process by manufacturing companies. Government can legislate and monitor these companies to comply with such standards as to improve the health conditions of the rural communities and other consumers. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2009.	Acidity; Alkalinity; Carbohydrate foods; Conductivity; pH	starch; article; bacterial growth; carbohydrate diet; conductance; food analysis; food composition; food intake; health status; human; pH; protein intake; reference value; rural population; seasonal variation; vegetable	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-22844440929	Impact of Iron Duke Pyrite Mine on water chemistry and aquatic life - Mazowe Valley, Zimbabwe	Ravengai S., Love D., Love I., Gratwicke B., Mandingaisa O., Owen R.J.S.	2005	Water SA	31	2	None	Department of Geology, University of Zimbabwe, Box MP167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; WaterNet, Box MP600, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, National University of Lesotho, Roma 180, Lesotho; Department of Chemistry, University of Zimbabwe, Box MP167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, 1120 Connecticut Ave. N.W., Washington, DC 20036, United States; Mineral Resources Centre, University of Zimbabwe, Box MP167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe	Ravengai, S., Department of Geology, University of Zimbabwe, Box MP167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Love, D., Department of Geology, University of Zimbabwe, Box MP167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe, WaterNet, Box MP600, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Love, I., Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, National University of Lesotho, Roma 180, Lesotho, Department of Chemistry, University of Zimbabwe, Box MP167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Gratwicke, B., National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, 1120 Connecticut Ave. N.W., Washington, DC 20036, United States; Mandingaisa, O., Department of Geology, University of Zimbabwe, Box MP167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Owen, R.J.S., Mineral Resources Centre, University of Zimbabwe, Box MP167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe	Iron Duke Mine is the only active pyrite mine in Zimbabwe, and has been in operation since the 1940s. Its location in the multiple-use upper catchment of the Mazowe Valley is strategic in terms of water resource management. The mine disposes of its highly acidic wastewater into two evaporation ponds on the north-eastern side of the mine. This has led to acidification of the groundwater to a pH of about 2 near the evaporation ponds as well as contamination with Fe, Ni, Cu, Co, Pb, Zn and SO4 2-. The pH gradually increases in a north-westerly direction, but much faster towards the west and south-west. Water samples taken from the Yellow Jacket River, which runs through the mine premises, indicated that the upper part of the river was not contaminated with Fe, Ni, Cu, Co, Pb, Zn or SO4 2- and had a neutral pH. However, where the river cuts through gossans and passes adjacent to the mine waste dump and the seepage zone from the evaporation ponds, the water quality deteriorates. The symptoms are a reduction in pH of river water from 7 to about 4 and the precipitation of complex iron hydroxy-sulphates known as "yellow boy" on the streambed. Fe, Ni, Cu, Co, Pb, and Zn concentrations are also elevated here. This poor water quality persisted downstream until the confluence with the Mazowe River where the acidic waters were diluted, and the pH returned to 7. The poor water quality in the Yellow Jacket River is related to an overall reduction in the diversity of aquatic macro-invertebrates and fish downstream of the mine until the confluence with the Mazowe River.	Acid mine drainage; Aquatic ecosystems; Water chemistry; Water pollution	Catchments; Evaporation; Groundwater; pH effects; Ponding; Wastewater; Aquatic life; Mine wastes; Water chemistry; Water resources; acid mine drainage; mine waste; water quality; Africa; Eastern Hemisphere; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; World; Zimbabwe; Invertebrata	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84870186913	Guide to groundwater monitoring for the coal industry	Barnes M.R., Vermeulen P.D.	2012	Water SA	38	5	10.4314/wsa.v38i5.25	Institute for Groundwater Studies, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	Barnes, M.R., Institute for Groundwater Studies, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Vermeulen, P.D., Institute for Groundwater Studies, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	It is well established in literature that the environmental impacts associated with the coal industry are numerous. In respect of South Africa's groundwater resources the major impact of the coal industry is a reduction in groundwater quantity and quality. There is therefore a need to proactively prevent or minimise these potential impacts through long-term protection and improved water management practices. One such initiative is to implement monitoring programmes in various sectors of the coal industry for groundwater quality and quantity. Groundwater monitoring requires sophisticated interlinked stages which are often overlooked or not fully understood. Consequently a methodical approach must be undertaken in order to have an effective and economical groundwater monitoring system. This paper provides a comprehensive guide to the establishment of a groundwater monitoring programme for environmental practitioners in the coal industry. An inclusive 7-stage methodology is presented describing the different stages of establishing a groundwater monitoring programme, focusing on the 'why', 'how', and 'who' of groundwater monitoring.	Acid mine drainage; Borehole construction; Coal industry; Conceptual model; Drilling methods; Environmental impact; Geophysics; Monitoring programme; Risk assessment; Water management	Acid mine drainage; Conceptual model; Drilling methods; Ground-water qualities; Groundwater monitoring; Management practices; Methodical approach; Monitoring programmes; Potential impacts; South Africa; Coal industry; Environmental impact; Geophysics; Monitoring; Risk assessment; Water management; Water quality; Groundwater; acid mine drainage; borehole; coal industry; conceptual framework; drilling; environmental impact; geophysics; groundwater resource; qualitative analysis; quantitative analysis; risk assessment; water management; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33846933528	Quantitative evaluation of minerals in coal deposits in the Witbank and Highveld Coalfields, and the potential impact on acid mine drainage	Pinetown K.L., Ward C.R., van der Westhuizen W.A.	2007	International Journal of Coal Geology	70	1-3 SPEC. ISS.	10.1016/j.coal.2006.02.013	CSIRO Petroleum, P. O. Box 136, North Ryde, NSW 1670, Australia; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia; Department of Geology, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa	Pinetown, K.L., CSIRO Petroleum, P. O. Box 136, North Ryde, NSW 1670, Australia; Ward, C.R., School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia; van der Westhuizen, W.A., Department of Geology, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa	This study has investigated the quantitative distribution of minerals in coals and other lithological units in the coal-bearing successions of the Witbank and Highveld Coalfields in the Mpumalanga Province of South Africa, using low-temperature oxygen-plasma ashing (LTA), high temperature ashing, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry techniques. Mineral matter makes up approximately 8 to 35 wt.% of the coal samples. SiO2 concentrations in the coal vary between 0.0 and 35.0 wt.%, Al2O3 between 0.5 and 16.0 wt.%, Fe2O3 between 0.03 and 10.0 wt.%, and S between 0.15 and 8.0 wt.%. Minor concentrations of CaO (0.0 to 8.0 wt.%) and MgO (0.0 to 1.0 wt.%) are also present. P2O5 occurs in concentrations of 0.0 to 3.5 wt.% and K2O is in the order of 0.0 to 1.3 wt.%. Na2O varies between 0.0 and 0.45 wt.%, with the Highveld coals showing an enrichment in Na2O (0.0 to 0.51 wt.%) in comparison with the Witbank coals. The minerals in the coals are dominated by quartz and kaolinite, with varying proportions of calcite, dolomite and pyrite, as well as accessory phosphate phases. Higher (normalised) K2O and Na2O concentrations are present in the sandstones than in the associated siltstones and carbonaceous shales, partly reflecting the presence of feldspars and clay minerals such as illite. Acid-base accounting was used to investigate the potential of the coal and coal-bearing units to produce acid mine drainage conditions. According to the screening criteria, all the coal and coal-bearing units, except the unit between the No. 1 and No. 2 coal seams, are potentially acid generating. The average Net Neutralising Potential (NNP) values suggest that the No. 5 coal seam, the No. 4 Upper coal seam, and the unit between the No. 4 and No. 2 coal seams are potentially acid generating. With such techniques it is possible to predict the types of situations that might arise concerning groundwater quality, and implement proper prevention or remediation programs. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Acid mine drainage; Coal mineralogy; Low-temperature ashing; X-ray diffraction; X-ray fluorescence	Acid mine drainage; Coal mineralogy; Low-temperature oxygen-plasma ashing; Clay minerals; Coal mines; Feldspar; Geochemistry; Lithology; Mineralogy; Quartz; Sandstone; X ray diffraction analysis; Coal deposits; acid mine drainage; coal mine; coal seam; lithology; mineral deposit; mineralogy; phosphate; quantitative analysis; spectrometry; X-ray diffraction; Africa; Highveld Coalfield; Mpumalanga; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Witbank Coalfield	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84858078881	Metal sulphides from wastewater: Assessing the impact of supersaturation control strategies	Mokone T.P., van Hille R.P., Lewis A.E.	2012	Water Research	46	7	10.1016/j.watres.2012.01.027	Crystallization and Precipitation Unit, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Centre for Bioprocess Engineering Research, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Mokone, T.P., Crystallization and Precipitation Unit, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Centre for Bioprocess Engineering Research, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; van Hille, R.P., Centre for Bioprocess Engineering Research, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Lewis, A.E., Crystallization and Precipitation Unit, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Metal sulphide precipitation forms an important component of acid mine drainage remediation systems based on bacterial sulphate reduction. However, the precipitation reaction is inherently driven by very high levels of supersaturation with the generation of small particles with poor solid-liquid separation characteristics. In this study, the effect of strategies used to manage supersaturation was investigated during copper and zinc sulphide precipitation reactions. Initial batch studies showed the origin of sulphide (biological or chemical) had no significant effect on the efficiency of zinc sulphide precipitation. For copper, low metal removal efficiency was obtained at metal to sulphide molar ratios below 1.6 in the synthetic sulphide system. This was improved in the biogenic sulphide system, due to the presence of residual volatile fatty acids, but the presence or absence of particulate organic matter had no effect on recovery. Subsequent studies, conducted using synthetic sulphide solutions in a seeded fluidised bed reactor with multiple reagent feed points (2FP and 6FP) and different recirculation flow rates (300 and 120 mL min -1) showed efficient zinc sulphide precipitation, but limited (&lt;10%) deposition on the seeds. Increasing the number of sulphide feed points (2-6) reduced precipitate loss as fines by approximately 10%. Zinc sulphide fines could be effectively recovered from suspension by settling under quiescent conditions. In the copper system, metal recovery was low (ca 40%) due to the formation of very small copper sulphide particles (mean particle size of ca 0.01 μm). Increasing the number of reagent feed points did not affect supersaturation to the extent of altering particle characteristics. The copper sulphide fines could not be recovered by settling, remaining in a stable colloidal suspension due to their highly charged surfaces (zeta potential -50 mV). The change in recirculation flow rate had a limited effect (ca 5% improvement) on process efficiency. The results show that the extremely high supersaturation prevalent during metal sulphide precipitation is difficult to control using conventional approaches and suggest that the seeded fluidised bed reactor is not suitable for this application. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.	Acid mine drainage; Fluidised bed reactor; Metal sulphide precipitation; Particle characteristics; Precipitation; Solid-liquid separation; Supersaturation control; Wastewater remediation	Acid mine drainage; Fluidised bed; Particle characteristics; Solid-liquid separation; Supersaturation control; Wastewater remediation; Chemical reactors; Chemicals removal (water treatment); Copper; Flow rate; Metal recovery; Metals; Sulfur compounds; Supersaturation; Suspensions (fluids); Volatile fatty acids; Zeta potential; Zinc; Zinc sulfide; Precipitation (chemical); copper; metal; sulfide; volatile fatty acid; zinc sulfide; acid mine drainage; bacterium; colloid; copper; fatty acid; precipitation (chemistry); remediation; sulfate; sulfide; supersaturation; wastewater; water treatment; article; flow rate; fluidized bed reactor; heavy metal removal; particulate matter; precipitation; priority journal; waste water; Bacteria; Bioreactors; Chemical Precipitation; Copper; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Mining; Sulfides; Waste Disposal, Fluid; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Purification; Zinc; Bacteria (microorganisms)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34247114655	Evaluation of native and modified forms of Pennisetum glaucum (millet) starch as disintegrant in chloroquine tablet formulations	Odeku O.A., Alabi C.O.	2007	Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology	17	2	None	Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Odeku, O.A., Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Alabi, C.O., Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Native and modified forms of millet starch, obtained from a tropical cereal plant - Pennisetum glaucum - have been investigated as disintegrant in a chloroquine tablet formulation in comparison with corn starch BP. The mechanical properties of the tablets were assessed using the crushing strength and friability tests, while the drug release properties of the tablets were assessed using disintegration and dissolution times as assessment parameters. There were generally no significant (p > 0.05) differences in the mechanical and drug release properties of native millet and corn starches but tablets containing the modified forms of millet starches showed significantly (p < 0.01) lower values of disintegration and dissolution times than those of corn starch BP. The result shows the potentials of native and modified forms of millet starch as disintegrant in tablet formulations and suggests that the starches could be further developed for commercial purposes.	Acid modification; Corn starch; Disintegrant properties; Millet starch; Pregelatinization	chloroquine; disintegrating agent; starch; article; corn; crushing strength; drug dosage form comparison; drug release; drug screening; drug solubility; mechanics; pearl millet; tablet formulation; tablet friability	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77954164867	Effect of Megasphaera elsdenii NCIMB 41125 drenching on health and performance of steers fed high and low roughage diets in the feedlot	Leeuw K.-J., Siebrits F.K., Henning P.H., Meissner H.H.	2009	South African Journal of Animal Sciences	39	4	None	Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X2, Irene 0062, South Africa; Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Megastarter Biotech Pty LTD t/a MS Biotech, P.O. Box 10520, Centurion 0046, South Africa; 189 Van Riebeeck Avenue, Centurion 0157, South Africa	Leeuw, K.-J., Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X2, Irene 0062, South Africa, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Siebrits, F.K., Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Henning, P.H., Megastarter Biotech Pty LTD t/a MS Biotech, P.O. Box 10520, Centurion 0046, South Africa; Meissner, H.H., Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X2, Irene 0062, South Africa, 189 Van Riebeeck Avenue, Centurion 0157, South Africa	Lactate utilising bacteria (LUB) assist in reducing the risk of ruminal lactate acidosis when high concentrate diets are fed to feedlot cattle. Ruminal lactate acidosis can lead to lower animal performance and morbidity. Preliminary studies suggested that the strain, Megasphaera elsdenii (M.e.) NCIMB 41125, is a particularly potent LUB. The potential of M.e.NCIMB 41125 to improve the health and performance of feedlot cattle was investigated. Four hundred and forty eight Bonsmara steers (ca. 240 kg) were used in a 100-day feeding trial. Half the steers received at processing 200 mL M.e.NCIMB 41125 per os (LY) and the other half no LUB (LN). The diets in each of these treatments were divided into a low roughage (2%) (RL) and high roughage (8%) (RH) diet. The effects of LY vs. LN, RL vs. RH as main effects and their respective interactions (LYRL, LYRH, LNRL & LNRH) were compared in terms of morbidity, feedlot performance and carcass characteristics. The steers were weighed at two week intervals, feed was offered daily and the orts were removed weekly from each pen. The faecal consistency score and incidence of morbidity were recorded. At slaughter, carcass data were collected and the health status of the liver and rumen epithelium was assessed. Steers dosed with M.e.NCIMB 41125 had a 5.6% better average daily gain (ADG) during weeks 3 - 5 (2.09 kg/day vs. 1.98 kg/day for LY and LN, respectively). Feed conversion ratio (FCR, Weeks 1 - 13) was better for the steers fed the RL than the RH treatment (4.72 kg/kg vs. 4.99 kg/kg for RL and RH, respectively). Steers on the LNRH treatment during weeks 3 - 5 used more feed per kg gain than steers on the other treatments (5.39 kg/kg for LNRH vs. 4.74 kg/kg and 4.72 kg/kg for LYRL and LNRL, respectively). More steers (21) on the LNRL treatment were treated for morbidity than on the other treatments (8, 7 and 5 for LYRL, LYRH and LNRH, respectively). In general, animal performance was not improved by dosing with M.e.NCIMB 41125, but since ADG was improved in the immediate postadaptation phase (weeks 3 - 5) and morbidity levels were lower on the low roughage diet, dosing of steers on low roughage, lactate acidosis-prone, diets with M.e.NCIMB 41125 should prove useful. © South African Society for Animal Science.	Acidosis; Beef cattle; Lactic acid utilising bacteria; Morbidity	Animalia; Bacteria (microorganisms); Bos; Megasphaera elsdenii	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-57049084462	Environmental impact prediction of air quality in a food processing environment	Chukwu O.	2008	International Journal of Postharvest Technology and Innovation	1	3	10.1504/IJPTI.2008.021469	Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Technology, PMB 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria	Chukwu, O., Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Technology, PMB 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria	An impact study of food processing factory in Nigeria on air quality of its environment was studied using a factorial experiment. The effects of three primary air pollutants (by-products of the food processing): nitrogen (IV) oxide (NO2), carbon (IV) oxide (CO2) and sulphur (IV) oxide (SO2) on formation of acid rain also studied. These factors and their interactions in the predictive model showed significant impact on hydrogen ion concentration [H+], which is the key intrinsic parameter of acid rain. However, SO2 had higher detrimental influence than the other pollutants. Statistical analysis of the experimental data showed that the predictive model is adequate for obtaining optimum conditions. Validation of the model gave a correlation coefficient of 0.9999 between the measured and predicted values. Copyright © 2008 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.	Acid rain; Air quality; Environmental impact; Food processing industry	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-20344395331	The impact of acid rain deposition resulting from natural gas flaring on the socio-economic life of the people of Afiesere community, in Nigeria's Niger delta	Oghenejoboh K.M.	2005	Journal of Industrial Pollution Control	21	1	None	Department of Chemical/Petroleum Engineering, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria	Oghenejoboh, K.M., Department of Chemical/Petroleum Engineering, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria	Air and rainwater analyses were carried out within Afiesere, an oil producing community in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria to acertain the deposition of acid rain resulting from gas flaring in the area. The analysis showed that the pH of rainwater some distance away from the flare was 6.13, which is less than the pH of normal rainwater, while that within the oil facilities was 6.58. The concentration of heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr etc) and anions (SOx, NOx, Co etc) in the air were considerably low. However, the presence of extra H+ in the rainwater through diffusional effect of trans-atmospheric aerosol and other gaseous pollutants from the gas flare results in acid rain. The physical effects of acid rain are evident in the deteriorating health conditions and general economic life of the inhabitants of the community. © Enviromedia Printed in India. All rights reserved.	Acid rain; Anions; Atmosphere; Cations; Emission; Gas flaring	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84920281316	Using hydrochemical tracers to assess impacts of unsewered urban catchments on hydrochemistry and nutrients in groundwater	Nyenje P.M., Foppen J.W., Uhlenbrook S., Lutterodt G.	2014	Hydrological Processes	28	24	10.1002/hyp.10070	Department of Water Science and Engineering, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, PO Box 3015, Delft, Netherlands; Makerere University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, PO Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Section of Water Resources, Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5048, Delft, Netherlands; Department of Civil Engineering, Central University College, PO Box DS 2310, Dansoman-Accra, Ghana	Nyenje, P.M., Department of Water Science and Engineering, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, PO Box 3015, Delft, Netherlands, Makerere University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, PO Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Foppen, J.W., Department of Water Science and Engineering, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, PO Box 3015, Delft, Netherlands; Uhlenbrook, S., Department of Water Science and Engineering, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, PO Box 3015, Delft, Netherlands, Section of Water Resources, Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5048, Delft, Netherlands; Lutterodt, G., Department of Civil Engineering, Central University College, PO Box DS 2310, Dansoman-Accra, Ghana	We applied graphical methods and multivariate statistics to understand impacts of an unsewered slum catchment on nutrients and hydrochemistry of groundwater in Kampala, Uganda. Data were collected from 56 springs (groundwater), 22 surface water sites and 13 rain samples. Groundwater was acidic and dominated by Na, Cl and NO3. These ions were strongly correlated, indicating pollution originating from wastewater infiltration from on-site sanitation systems. Results also showed that rain, which was acidic, impacted on groundwater chemistry. Using Q-mode hierarchical cluster analysis, we identified three distinct water quality groups. The first group had springs dominated by Ca-Cl-NO3, low values of electrical conductivity (EC), pH and cations, and relatively high NO3 values. These springs were shown to have originated from the acidic rains because their chemistry closely corresponded to ion concentrations that would occur from rainfall recharge, which was around 3.3 times concentrated by evaporation. The second group had springs dominated by Na-K-Cl-NO3 and Ca-Cl-NO3, low pH but with higher values of EC, NO3 and cations. We interpreted these as groundwater affected by both acid rain and infiltration of wastewater from urban areas. The third group had the highest EC values (average of 688μS/cm), low pH and very high concentrations of NO3 (average of 2.15mmol/l) and cations. Since these springs were all located in slum areas, we interpreted them as groundwater affected by infiltration of wastewater from poorly sanitized slums areas. Surface water was slightly reducing and eutrophic because of wastewater effluents, but the contribution of groundwater to nutrients in surface water was minimal because o-PO4 was absent, whereas NO3 was lost by denitification. Our findings suggest that groundwater chemistry in the catchment is strongly influenced by anthropogenic inputs derived from nitrogen-containing rains and domestic wastewater. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Acid rain; Groundwater; Multivariate statistics; Nutrients; Slums; Uganda	Acid rain; Calcium; Catchments; Cluster analysis; Effluents; Groundwater; Groundwater geochemistry; Hierarchical systems; Housing; Infiltration; Multivariant analysis; Nutrients; pH; Positive ions; Precipitation (meteorology); Rain; River pollution; Runoff; Sanitation; Surface waters; Water quality; Electrical conductivity; Groundwater chemistry; Hierarchical cluster analysis; Hydrochemical tracers; Multivariate statistics; On-site sanitation systems; Slums; Uganda; Hydrochemistry	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-39149094651	Modelling leachate generation and mobility from copper sulphide tailings - An integrated approach to impact assessment	Hansen Y., Broadhurst J.L., Petrie J.G.	2008	Minerals Engineering	21	4	10.1016/j.mineng.2007.10.006	Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7700, South Africa; School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia	Hansen, Y., Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7700, South Africa; Broadhurst, J.L., Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7700, South Africa; Petrie, J.G., Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7700, South Africa, School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia	The long-term management of the large volumes of solid wastes produced during mining and minerals processing represents a significant challenge to these resource-based industries. While ensuring geotechnical stability is imperative, it is the continued generation and mobility of contaminated leachate that is potentially the most serious and pervasive environmental issue faced. Yet, wastes from these industries remain poorly characterised and the mechanisms of leachate generation and the eventual fate of contaminants poorly understood. An integrated approach to solid waste impact assessment has been developed and is partly demonstrated here for porphyry-type copper sulphide tailings. Particular attention is given to leachate generation modelling informed by detailed waste characterisation, which together with fate and transport modelling forms the basis of the approach. The strength of this methodology is that it begins to quantify the complex interrelations between the process generating the waste, the waste deposit and its management, and the resulting environmental impact. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Acid rock drainage; Environment; Leaching; Modelling; Tailings	Environmental impact assessments; Geotechnical engineering; Impurities; Leaching; Solid wastes; Tailings; Waste disposal; Acid rock drainage; Geotechnical stability; Leachate generation; Copper compounds	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33751360305	Impact of research findings on the agronomic, sociocultural and economic base of small holder rubber farmers-A case study of two farm settlements in Southern Nigeria	Esekhade T.U., Ogeh J.S., Akpaja E.O.	2006	Journal of Applied Sciences	6	11	10.3923/jas.2006.2496.2500	Rubber Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B. 1049, Benin City, Nigeria; Department of Soil Science, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria; Department of Botany, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	Esekhade, T.U., Rubber Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B. 1049, Benin City, Nigeria; Ogeh, J.S., Department of Soil Science, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria; Akpaja, E.O., Department of Botany, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	A survey to evaluate the impact of research findings on the agronomic, socio cultural as well as the economic base of small holder rubber farmers was conducted in two farm settlements on acid soils in Southern Nigeria. The survey was conducted to provide information on the present state of rubber-based cropping systems in the farm settlements with a view to conducting research oriented towards the management of the environmental resource base to ensure sustainability. Data was generated through a single-visit questionnaire survey of a sample of rubber farmers. Results however showed that all the farmers surveyed intercropped arable crops with rubber saplings. Melon/maize/cassava ranked the highest in the choice of cropping pattern in a 1 year cropping cycle. The mean rubber area of 1-5 years with 1.52 ha was the highest in the two farm settlements. Seventy percent of the farmers surveyed use chemical fertilizers. Cash income of N72,000 from rubber at Mbiri farm settlements ranked highest in the two farm settlements. The highest cash income from other crops was N55,000 and from Mbiri farm settlement. Non cash income was highest at Mbiri while mean gross income of N134,000 and mean net income of N42,000 was also highest at Mbiri farm settlements. On cropping pattern basis income that accrued to farmers were N17,000, N26,500 and N15,000 for rubber/melon/maize/cassava (1 year), rubber/melon/maize/yam/cassava (2 years) and rubber/melon/ pineapple (3 years), respectively. The study highlighted the need to take low input technology developed to farmers in the farm settlements. The lack of technical assistance have affected the net earnings of the settlers. © 2006 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Acid soil; Agronomic; Economic; Farm settlements; Rubber-based cropping systems; Small holder farmer	Acid soils; Agronomic; Chemical fertilizers; Cropping systems; Environmental resources; Questionnaire surveys; Small holder farmer; Technical assistance; Agronomy; Crops; Economics; Fertilizers; Information management; Research; Soils; Surveys; Sustainable development; Rubber	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80051949350	Indicators of wetland acidification and their relevance to environmental impact assessment	Ohimain E.I.	2011	International Journal of Environment and Sustainable Development	10	2	10.1504/IJESD.2011.041973	Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Design, School of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, North Carolina A and T State University, 1601 E. Market St., Greensboro, NC 27411, United States; Bioenergy and Environmental Biotechnology Researc	Ohimain, E.I., Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Design, School of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, North Carolina A and T State University, 1601 E. Market St., Greensboro, NC 27411, United States, Bioenergy and Environmental Biotechnology Research Unit, Biological Science Department, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Amassoma, Bayelsa State, Nigeria	Developments in most tropical coastlines are often hampered by acidification, which occurs when sedimentary pyrites are disturbed during construction activities. Acidification causes vegetation die back, fish mortality, heavy metal pollution, corrosion of concrete, steel and other metallic structures. The aim of this study is to develop tools for predicting the likelihood of acidification occurring in advance prior to project implementation. The study found that acidification indicators including land forms, acidophilic bacteria, soil and water properties, mangrove vegetation, and hydrology and sedimentation pattern are useful tools for predicting acidification. The study concludes by providing keys for the identification of problem soils and recommended the mainstreaming of acidification related issues into the overall EIA process. Copyright © 2011 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.	Acid sulphate soils/sediments; Acidification; Acidithiobacillus sp.; Dredging; Environment; Indicators; Mangrove; Niger delta; Oil exploration	Acidithiobacillus; Bacteria (microorganisms)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84908304555	Effects of different acid-treatment on the nanostructure and performance of carbon nanotubes in electrochemical hydrogen storage	Mkhondo N.B., Magadzu T.	2014	Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures	9	4	None	University of Limpopo, School of Physical and Mineral Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Private Bag X 1106, Sovenga, South Africa	Mkhondo, N.B., University of Limpopo, School of Physical and Mineral Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Private Bag X 1106, Sovenga, South Africa; Magadzu, T., University of Limpopo, School of Physical and Mineral Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Private Bag X 1106, Sovenga, South Africa	The effects of various acids on the nanostructure and hydrogen storage performance of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were investigated. MWCNTs were sonicated in nitric acid (HNO3), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), sulphuric acid (H2SO4) and their mixtures. FTIR revealed that the ratio of oxygen-containing groups on the surface of CNTs depends on the type of oxidiser. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) showed an intact and stable nanostructure of MWCNTs treated by H2O2+HNO3, with an improve functionality due to different kinds of pores. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of MWCNTs treated by H2O2+HNO3increased to 343.1 m2/g, as compared to 251.5 and 223.7 m2/g of the raw and HNO3+H2SO4treated MWCNTs, respectively. The MWCNTs treated by a mixture of H2O2+HNO3gave the highest discharge capacity of 72.6 mAh/g (electrochemical hydrogen storage of 0.27 wt.%), as compared to a preferred mixture of HNO3+H2SO4, which gave a discharge capacity of 3.0 mAh/g; due to a structural damage of MWCNTs walls and low BET surface area. A H2O2+HNO3mixture promotes larger BET surface area and low reductive overpotential of hydrogen at the electrode. © 2014 Inst Materials Physics. All rights reserved.	Acid treatments; Carbon nanotubes; Discharge capacity; Hydrogen storage; Mixture of H2O2+HNO3	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79956208728	Performance analysis of a capacitance compensated dual stator winding synchronous reluctance machine	Samson O.A., Jimoh A.A., Nicolae D.V., Obe E.S.	2010	International Review of Electrical Engineering	5	2	None	Electrical/Electronic Engineering department, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Electrical Engineering department, Tswane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa; Electrical Enginering Department, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Samson, O.A., Electrical/Electronic Engineering department, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Jimoh, A.A., Electrical Engineering department, Tswane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa; Nicolae, D.V., Electrical Engineering department, Tswane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa; Obe, E.S., Electrical Enginering Department, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Synchronous reluctance machine with simple salient rotor are known to have poor power factor because they have a low effective reactance ratio. This paper used a 3-phase auxiliary winding and balanced capacitance compensation to influence the effective reactance ratio of a synchronous reluctance machine with simple salient rotor structure, such that its power factor and torque/ampere performance is improved. A mathematical model and dq equivalent circuit suitable for dynamic and steady state analysis was developed and used to study the synchronous operation of this machine. Analytical as well as experimental results for a 4-pole, 36 slots simple salient rotor reluctance machine showed that the effective reactance ratio increased with the capacitance size, and the machine operated at a maximum power factor of 0.969 without altering the geometry of the rotor. The torque per ampere of the machine also improved with the size of capacitor attached to the auxiliary winding. © 2010 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved.	AC machines; Balanced auxiliary winding; Capacitor compensation; Dual winding; Synchronous reluctance machine	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-21844462077	Demographic features, beliefs and socio-psychological impact of acne vulgaris among its sufferers in two towns in Nigeria	Ikaraoha C.I., Taylor G.O.L., Anetor J.I., Igwe C.U., Ukaegbu Q.O., Nwobu G.O., Mokogwu A.T.H.	2005	Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences	4	1	None	Dept. of Chemical Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, Igbinedion University Okada, P.M.B 0006, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria; Dept. of Chemical Pathology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Dept. of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Ambros	Ikaraoha, C.I., Dept. of Chemical Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, Igbinedion University Okada, P.M.B 0006, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria, Dept. of Chemical Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, Igbinedion University, Okada, P.M.B 0006, Benin City, Nigeria; Taylor, G.O.L., Dept. of Chemical Pathology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Anetor, J.I., Dept. of Chemical Pathology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Igwe, C.U., Dept. of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria; Ukaegbu, Q.O., Divine Touch Clinical Laboratory, Research Centre, Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria; Nwobu, G.O., Dept. of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria; Mokogwu, A.T.H., Dept. of Chemical Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, Igbinedion University Okada, P.M.B 0006, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria	There is paucity of reports in the demographic knowledge, belief and socio-psychological impact of acne vulgaris sufferers towards the disorder in a black population. This is the first study from Nigeria designed to address this issue. A total of 174 facial acne sufferers completed a self-administered questionnaire, which contained several items mentioning different areas in their belief, knowledge, perception, severity, sociopsychological impact and medication attention. The findings were discussed and compared to those of the Caucasians. The occurrence of the disorder was higher in females (65.0%) compared to the males (35.0%). About 54.0% of the female subjects indicated increase in severity of the disorder during their pre-menstrual period. Also 64.9% of acne sufferers indicated increase in severity during the rainy season, while 93.1% of the population implicated stress to perpetuate the severity of the disorder. Most (75.7%) of the acne sufferers believed that it is caused by oily diet, 40.8% thought that it is hereditary, while barely 5.2% had at sometime sought doctor's attention. Non-prescription products used by acne sufferers were cleansers and cream/lotions. Psychological abnormalities experienced by the sufferers included social inhibition, depression and anxiety. Pain and discomfort are the psychomatic symptoms. No major differences were found in the beliefs, misconception and socio-psychological impact of acne sufferers in a black population (Nigeria) compared to the Caucasians. There is need to improve the understanding of the disorder in Nigeria through health education programmes.	Acne vulgaris; Beliefs; Nigeria; Perceptions; Severity	acne vulgaris; adult; anxiety; article; Caucasian; demography; depression; disease severity; female; genetic disorder; health education; human; incidence; lipid diet; male; menstrual cycle; Negro; Nigeria; perception; population research; prevalence; psychosomatic disorder; puberty; questionnaire; race difference; seasonal variation; sex difference; sex ratio; social isolation; social psychology; stress	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84873714820	Tracking the impact of Pliocene/Pleistocene sea level and climatic oscillations on the cladogenesis of the Cape legless skink, Acontias meleagris species complex, in South Africa	Engelbrecht H.M., van Niekerk A., Heideman N.J., Daniels S.R.	2013	Journal of Biogeography	40	3	10.1111/jbi.12024	Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa; Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa; Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa	Engelbrecht, H.M., Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa; van Niekerk, A., Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa; Heideman, N.J., Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Daniels, S.R., Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa	Aim: To determine the geographical boundaries among cryptic lineages and examine the evolutionary drivers of cladogenesis within the Cape legless skink, Acontias meleagris species complex. Location: Coastal plains and adjacent interior of the Eastern, Northern and Western Cape provinces of South Africa. Methods: A total of 231 specimens from 55 localities were collected from the entire known distribution range of the A. meleagris complex. Partial sequence data were collected from two mitochondrial DNA loci, 16S rRNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), and one protein-coding nuclear DNA locus, exophilin 5 (EXPH5). Phylogenetic, phylogeographical and population genetic analyses, together with divergence time estimation, were conducted on the DNA sequence data to examine evolutionary history and diversification within the species complex. Results: Marked genetic structure was observed within the A. meleagris complex, and five clades were retrieved, most of which were statistically well supported. These five clades were also evident within the haplotypic analyses and were characterized by demographic stability. Cladogenesis was induced during the Pliocene/Pleistocene epochs, most likely as a result of oscillations in climate and sea level, and Neogene geomorphic phenomena. The Breede River Valley is an area of high genetic diversity and is likely to have served as a refugium. Main conclusions: Lineage diversification and the current biogeographical patterning reflect the impact of sea level oscillations on historical coastal habitat availability. Fine-scale differences between co-distributed subterranean and supraterranean herpetofaunal taxa can be attributed to differences in life-history traits amongst different habitat types. Historical evolutionary drivers within this subterranean species complex are inferred and discussed. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.	Acontiinae; Biogeography; Cape region; Cladogenesis; Herpetofauna; Pleistocene; Pliocene; Subterranean; Supraterranean	climate oscillation; coastal plain; cytochrome; divergence; evolutionary biology; genetic structure; genetic variation; geographical distribution; geomorphology; habitat availability; habitat type; herpetofauna; life history trait; lizard; mitochondrial DNA; paleobiogeography; phylogenetics; phylogeography; Pleistocene; Pliocene; refugium; sea level; species complex; subterranean environment; tracking; Breede River; Eastern Cape; South Africa; Western Cape; Acontias meleagris; Acontiinae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84942364410	Tool life estimation based on acoustic emission monitoring in end-milling of H13 mould-steel	Olufayo O., Abou-El-Hossein K.	2015	International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology	81	42373	10.1007/s00170-015-7091-5	Laboratory of Precision Engineering, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa	Olufayo, O., Laboratory of Precision Engineering, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; Abou-El-Hossein, K., Laboratory of Precision Engineering, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa	Developing a reliable monitoring system is essential to create an autonomous manufacturing industry for increased productivity. The tool life of a machine tool is a major key parameter in accessing process quality control for developing an automated system. Various machining parameters are known to have different effects on the tool life criterion. Thus, it is essential to estimate the correlation of these parameters on tool life. The aim of this research is geared at estimating the tool life criterion from the effects of machining parameters and monitors the high-speed end-milling process of H13 tool with coated carbide inserts using highly correlated AE features. Furthermore, it proposes a diagnostic scheme using a multi-sensor approach for categorising the state of the tool. This scheme uses feature components extracted via statistical means and wavelet transform to serve as inputs for a neural network. The results found that increased speed decreased tool life and feed rate possesses a negative correlation to wear. © 2015, Springer-Verlag London.	Acoustic emission; Machining; Tool life	Acoustic emission testing; Acoustic emissions; Automation; Carbide cutting tools; Carbides; Damage detection; Machine tools; Machining; Machining centers; Milling (machining); Wavelet transforms; Acoustic emission monitoring; Coated carbide insert; High speed end milling; Increased productivity; Manufacturing industries; Process quality control; Reliable monitoring systems; Tool life; Cutting tools	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84893272930	The impact of accent identification errors on speech recognition of South African English	Kamper H., Niesler T.R.	2014	South African Journal of Science	110	42371	10.1590/sajs.2014/20120049	Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Kamper, H., Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Niesler, T.R., Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa	For successful deployment, a South African English speech recognition system must be capable of processing the prevalent accents in this variety of English. Previous work dealing with the different accents of South African English has considered the case in which the accent of the input speech is known. Here we focus on the practical scenario in which the accent of the input speech is unknown and accent identification must occur at recognition time. By means of a set of contrastive experiments, we determine the effect which errors in the identification of the accent have on speech recognition performance. We focus on the specific configuration in which a set of accent-specific speech recognisers operate in parallel, thereby delivering both a recognition hypothesis as well as an identified accent in a single step. We find that, despite their considerable number, the accent identification errors do not lead to degraded speech recognition performance. We conclude that, for our South African English data, there is no benefit of including a more complex explicit accent identification component in the overall speech recognition system. © 2014. The Authors.	Acoustic modelling; Human language technology; Parallel recognition	acoustics; language; recognition; vocalization; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955685722	Effect of solder joint integrity on the thermal performance of a TEC for a 980nm pump laser module	Takyi G., Amalu E., Bernasko P.K.	2011	Soldering and Surface Mount Technology	23	2	10.1108/09540911111120186	Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Electronics Manufacturing Engineering Research Group, Medway School of Engineering, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, United Kingdom	Takyi, G., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Amalu, E., Electronics Manufacturing Engineering Research Group, Medway School of Engineering, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, United Kingdom; Bernasko, P.K., Electronics Manufacturing Engineering Research Group, Medway School of Engineering, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, United Kingdom	Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effect of solder wettability on the thermal performance of a thermo-electric cooler (TEC) of a 980 nm pump laser module. Design/methodology/approach - In this paper, TEC thermal performance has been evaluated using a heat pump test. The results were compared with scanning acoustic microscopy (C-SAM) results in order to have a better understanding of the thermal behaviour of the TEC. In the C-SAM experiments, images were taken at the interfaces between the housing and TEC, as well as at the interfaces between the chip-on-carrier (CoC) and TEC. Findings - The heat pump test results indicate a strong correlation with the C-SAM test results. The C-SAM observations show good solder joint at the interface between the TEC and housing in the case of the device that yielded a good heat pump test result (11.5°C) and poor solder joints (gross de-lamination) at the interface between the TEC and housing in the case of the device that yielded a poor heat pump test result (24.4°C). The C-SAM observations did not show much difference at the interface between the CoC and TEC. The results from this study were used to qualify the post-vacuum soldered laser pump devices at JDS Uniphase, Plymouth, UK. Originality/value - The findings presented in this paper indicate that the level of solder wettability at the interfaces between the piece parts impacts the thermal performance of the TEC. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Acoustic testing; Coolers; Lasers; Microscopy; Solder; Thermoelectricity	Acoustic testing; Coolers; Design/methodology/approach; Heat pumps; Jds uniphase; Laser pumps; Microscopy; Plymouth; Pump laser; Scanning Acoustic Microscopy; Solder; Solder joints; Strong correlation; Test results; Thermal behaviours; Thermal Performance; Thermoelectric cooler; Cooling systems; Heat pump systems; Housing; Mixed convection; Pumps; Testing; Pumping (laser)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33750466165	Chiari I anatomy after ventriculoperitoneal shunting: Posterior fossa volumetric evaluation with MRI	Osuagwu F.C., Lazareff J.A., Rahman S., Bash S.	2006	Child's Nervous System	22	11	10.1007/s00381-006-0118-3	Department of Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Division of Neurosurgery, UCLA School of Medicine, Box 957039, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7039, United States; Department of Radiology, UCLA School of Medicine, Box 957039, Los Angeles, CA 90095-703	Osuagwu, F.C., Department of Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, Division of Neurosurgery, UCLA School of Medicine, Box 957039, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7039, United States; Lazareff, J.A., Division of Neurosurgery, UCLA School of Medicine, Box 957039, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7039, United States; Rahman, S., Division of Neurosurgery, UCLA School of Medicine, Box 957039, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7039, United States; Bash, S., Department of Radiology, UCLA School of Medicine, Box 957039, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7039, United States	Introduction: Cephalocranial disproportion was said to be responsible for Chiari I malformation after ventriculoperitoneal shunt. We aimed to evaluate if the volumetric characteristics of Chiari I after a ventriculoperitoneal shunt was due to a general volumetric reduction and if it is restricted to the posterior fossa. Results: Our results show that the posterior fossa volume, cisternal, clival length, and posterior cranial fossa volume ratio were reduced in the shunted group compared to the controls (p<0.05). Cerebellar and supratentorial volumes were similar between both groups. Craniocaudal extent, inferior, and superior tonsillar herniations were greater in the shunted group than control (p<0.05). The frontal occipital horn ratio in both groups was within normal range. Discussion: Chiari I anatomy after a ventriculoperitoneal shunt could develop in children and we propose a "posterior cranial fossa disproportion" rather than a "cephalocranial disproportion." © Springer-Verlag 2006.	Acquired Chiari; Hydrocephalus; Intraventricular hemorrhage; Posterior cranial fossa reduction; V-Pshunt	adolescent; Arnold Chiari malformation; article; brain decompression; brain ventricle peritoneum shunt; child; clinical article; clivus; cohort analysis; computer assisted tomography; controlled study; female; human; hydrocephalus; male; nuclear magnetic resonance imaging; posterior fossa; priority journal; statistical significance; volumetry; Arnold-Chiari Malformation; Child, Preschool; Cranial Fossa, Posterior; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt	None
WoS	WOS:000292269500001	The impact of HIV/AIDS on labor markets, productivity and welfare in Southern Africa: A critical review and analysis	Kinkingninhoun-Medagbe, F. M.,Simtowe, Franklin	2011	AFRICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH	6	10	None	World Agroforestry Centre, WARDA Africa Rice Ctr	"Simtowe, Franklin: World Agroforestry Centre",	Global estimates of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic as of 2007 shows that about 33 million people are living with HIV, the virus that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). The international labor organization (ILO) estimates that at least 23 million workers in the prime labor force (aged15 to 49 years) are infected with HIV. More than 70% of the world's HIV/AIDS infected population lives in Africa. Within the Africa region, the Southern Africa region has the largest HIV prevalence rate. It is estimated that more than 30% of total world HIV population lives in Southern Africa. In this paper, we analyze the extent to which the HIV/AIDS pandemic impacts the labor markets, productivity and welfare in Southern Africa. We hypothesize that the pandemic can reduce the labor force and productivity, consequently leading to the deterioration in welfare and stagnation of the economy. The analysis finds out that a significant proportion of the labor force has been lost to HIV. In addition to the loss of workers due to AIDS, the cost of caring for AIDS patients is enormous and has resulted into the erosion of productivity and profitability in both the formal and informal sectors. Due to the disproportionate HIV/AIDS prevalence rate between age groups and sex, the pandemic is changing the age and sex distribution of the labor force. The average age of the labor is declining due to the early entry by young and inexperienced people into the labor force. HIV is exerting negative impact on household welfare through the loss of income initially earned by a household member that is a victim of HIV/AIDS, and that through increased medical expenses by the household on the AIDS victim, most of the household income is spent on medication other than other household needs. Some economies in the region are already facing a reduction in economic growth due to the HIV pandemic and it is observed that if efforts to prevent its spread are not intensified, such economies would face stagnation at some point.	"ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME (AIDS)","HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV)","LABOR MARKETS",productivity,WELFARE	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-17144423262	Impact of HIV/AIDS on deaths certified at Mosvold Hospital, Ingwavuma, Northern KwaZulu-Natal from January to August 2003	Vaughan Williams C.H.	2005	South African Family Practice	47	1	None	Mosvold Hospital, South Africa; Private Bag X2211, Ingwavuma 3968, South Africa	Vaughan Williams, C.H., Mosvold Hospital, South Africa, Private Bag X2211, Ingwavuma 3968, South Africa	An analysis of the causes of death certified at Mosvold Hospital, Ingwavuma demonstrates the impact of HIV/AIDS in the region. HIV/AIDS appears to be responsible for about 45% of registered deaths in both males and females after the age of nine years. There is a significant difference in the mean age at death between males and females succumbing to the disease after the age of nine years: the average age at death of females from HIV/AIDS is 35 years, and the average age for males is 40 years. The younger average age of death from HIV/AIDS in females, together with a higher expected age of death from non-HIV causes, means that females lose considerably more years of life due to HIV/AIDS than males. The figures for this part of northern KwaZulu-Natal indicate a higher impact of HIV/AIDS on deaths than in previous assessments for South Africa as a whole.	Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; Mortality; South Africa	acquired immune deficiency syndrome; adolescent; adult; aged; article; cause of death; child; death certificate; female; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; life expectancy; major clinical study; male; mortality; sex difference; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84896776369	Synthesis and in vitro biological evaluation of aminoacridines and artemisinin-acridine hybrids	Joubert J.P., Smit F.J., Du Plessis L., Smith P.J., N'da D.D.	2014	European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences	56	1	10.1016/j.ejps.2014.01.014	Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (PHARMCEN), North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Department of Pharmacology, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory 7925, South Africa	Joubert, J.P., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Smit, F.J., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Du Plessis, L., Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (PHARMCEN), North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Smith, P.J., Department of Pharmacology, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory 7925, South Africa; N'da, D.D., Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (PHARMCEN), North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa	During this study, 9-aminoacridine and artemisinin-acridine hybrid compounds were synthesized and the in vitro for antimalarial activity against both the chloroquine sensitive but also gametocytocidal strain (NF54), and chloroquine resistant (Dd2) strains of Plasmodium falciparum was determined. In vitro cytotoxicity against CHO cells, apoptosis of HepG2 and SH-SY5Y as well as anticancer activity against HeLa cell lines were assessed. The hybrids were synthesized, using a microwave-assisted radiation method by covalently linking artemisinin and acridine pharmacophores by means of a liable, aminoethyl ether linker. The synthesized compounds were found active against both the Plasmodium strains and displayed superior selective toxicity towards the parasitic cells. Hybrid 7, however, containing ethylenediamine linker, proved the most active of all of the synthesized compounds. It had seven-fold higher antigametocytocidal activity compared to chloroquine and was also found to be seven-fold more potent than chloroquine against the Dd2 strain, with highly selective action towards the parasitic cells. This hybrid also showed favourable anti-cancer activity against the HeLa cells, three- and eight-fold higher than those of chloroquine and melphalan, respectively. This hybrid may therefore stand as drug candidate for further investigation in the search for new and effective drugs against malaria and cervical cancer. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Acridine; Apoptosis; Artemisinin; Cytotoxicity; Hybrids; Malaria	6 chloro 2 methoxy 9 (2 methylpiperazin 1 yl)acridine 2 (10 beta dihydroartemisinoxy)ethane; 6 chloro 2 methoxy 9 (3 methylpiperazin 1 yl)acridine; 6 chloro 2 methoxy 9 (piperazin 1 yl)acridine; 6 chloro 2 methoxy 9 (piperazin 1 yl)acridine 2 (10 beta dihydroartemisinoxy)ethane; 6 chloro 2 methoxy n [2 (piperazin 1 yl)ethyl]acridin 9 amine; 6 chloro 2 methoxy n [2 (piperazin 1 yl)ethyl]acridin 9 amine 2 (10 beta dihydroartemisinoxy)ethane; [3 [(6 chloro 2 methoxyacridin 9 yl)amino]propyl](methyl) amine; [3 [(6 chloro 2 methoxyacridin 9 yl)amino]propyl](methyl) amine 2 (10 beta dihydroartemisinoxy)ethane; [n (2 aminoethyl) 6 chloro 2 methoxyacridin 9 amine] 2 (10 beta dihydroartemisinoxy)ethane; acridine derivative; aminoacridine derivative; antimalarial agent; antineoplastic agent; artemisinin derivative; chloroquine; ether; ethylenediamine; melphalan; n (2 aminoethyl) 6 chloro 2 methoxyacridin 9 amine; unclassified drug; acridine derivative; antimalarial agent; antineoplastic agent; artemisinin; artemisinin derivative; animal cell; antimalarial activity; antineoplastic activity; apoptosis; article; CHO cell; controlled study; drug cytotoxicity; drug screening; drug synthesis; HeLa cell; human; human cell; hybrid; in vitro study; microwave radiation; nonhuman; nucleophilicity; pharmacophore; phase transition; physical chemistry; Plasmodium falciparum; priority journal; X ray analysis; animal; cell survival; chemistry; CHO cell line; Cricetulus; drug effects; synthesis; tumor cell line; Acridines; Animals; Antimalarials; Antineoplastic Agents; Apoptosis; Artemisinins; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Survival; CHO Cells; Cricetulus; Humans; Plasmodium falciparum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84855205602	Hydrological impacts of land use change in three diverse South African catchments	Warburton M.L., Schulze R.E., Jewitt G.P.W.	2012	Journal of Hydrology	None	None	10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.10.028	School of Bioresources Engineering and Environmental Hydrology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, PBag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa	Warburton, M.L., School of Bioresources Engineering and Environmental Hydrology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, PBag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Schulze, R.E., School of Bioresources Engineering and Environmental Hydrology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, PBag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Jewitt, G.P.W., School of Bioresources Engineering and Environmental Hydrology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, PBag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa	In order to meet society's needs for water, food, fuel and fibre, the earth's natural land cover and land use have been significantly changed. These changes have impacted on the hydrological responses and thus available water resources, as the hydrological responses of a catchment are dependent upon, and sensitive to, changes in the land use. The degree of anthropogenic modification of the land cover, the intensity of the land use changes and location of land uses within a catchment determines the extent to which land uses influences hydrological response of a catchment.The objective of the study was to improve understanding of the complex interactions between hydrological response and land use to aid in water resources planning. To achieve this, a hydrological model, viz. the ACRU agrohydrological model, which adequately represents hydrological processes and is sensitive to land use changes, was used to generate hydrological responses from three diverse, complex and operational South African catchments under both current land use and a baseline land cover. The selected catchments vary with respect to both land use and climate. The semi-arid sub-tropical Luvuvhu catchment has a large proportion of subsistence agriculture and informal residential areas, whereas in the winter rainfall Upper Breede catchment the primary land uses are commercial orchards and vineyards. The sub-humid Mgeni catchment is dominated by commercial plantation forestry in the upper reaches, commercial sugarcane and urban areas in the middle reaches, with the lower reaches dominated by urban areas.The hydrological responses of the selected catchments to land use change were complex. Results showed that the contributions of different land uses to the streamflow generated from a catchment is not proportional to the relative area of that land use, and the relative contribution of the land use to the catchment streamflow varies with the mean annual rainfall of the catchment. Furthermore, it was shown that the location of specific land uses within a catchment has a role in the response of the streamflow of the catchment to that land use change. From the Mgeni catchment, the significant role of the water engineered system on catchment streamflow was evident. Hydrological models have drawbacks associated with them due to inherent uncertainties. However, in this study the ACRU model proved to be a useful tool to assess the impacts of land use change on the hydrological response as impacts from the local scale to catchment scale could be assessed as well as the progression of impacts of land use changes as the streamflow cascades downstream through the catchment. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.	ACRU agrohydrological model; Baseline land cover; Hydrological response; Land use change	Annual rainfall; Anthropogenic modification; Available water; Baseline land cover; Catchment scale; Commercial plantation; Complex interaction; Engineered systems; Hydrological impacts; Hydrological models; Hydrological process; Hydrological response; Land cover; Land use change; Local scale; Relative contribution; Residential areas; Semi arid; Sub-humid; Subsistence agriculture; Urban areas; Water resources planning; Winter rainfall; Agriculture; Land use; Landforms; Rain; Runoff; Stream flow; Urban planning; Water resources; Catchments; agricultural land; anthropogenic effect; baseline conditions; catchment; hydrological modeling; hydrological response; land cover; land use change; orchard; plantation forestry; semiarid region; streamflow; subsistence; subtropical region; uncertainty analysis; vineyard; water availability; water planning; water resource; Breede River; KwaZulu-Natal; Luvuvhu Basin; Mgeni River; South Africa; Western Cape	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78649759374	Evaluating the performance of ground-based and remotely sensed near real-time rainfall fields from a hydrological perspective [Evaluation des performances dans une perspective hydrologique de champs de pluie en temps quasi-réel basés sur des données obser	Ghile Y., Schulze R., Brown C.	2010	Hydrological Sciences Journal	55	4	10.1080/02626667.2010.481374	Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01002, United States; School of Bioresources Engineering and Environmental Hydrology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa	Ghile, Y., Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01002, United States; Schulze, R., School of Bioresources Engineering and Environmental Hydrology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Brown, C., Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01002, United States	The South African Weather Service (SAWS) issues routine experimental, near real-time rainfall maps from daily raingauge networks, radar networks and satellite images, as well as merged rainfall fields. These products are potentially useful for near real-time forecasting, especially in areas of fast hydrological response, and also to simulate the "now state" of various hydrological state variables such as soil moisture content, streamflow, and reservoir inflows. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate their skill as inputs to hydrological simulations and, in particular, the skill of the merged field in terms of better hydrological results relative to the individual products. Rainfall fields derived from raingauge, radar, satellite, conditioned satellite and the merged (gauge/radar/satellite) were evaluated for two selected days with relatively high amounts of rainfall, as well as for a continuous period of 90 days in the Mgeni catchment, South Africa. Streamflows simulated with the ACRU model indicate that the use of raingauge as well as merged fields of satellite/raingauge and satellite/radars/raingauge provides relatively realistic rainfall results, without much difference in their hydrological outputs, whereas the radar and raw satellite information by themselves cannot be used in operational hydrological application in their current status. © 2010 IAHS Press.	ACRU; Merged field; Radar; Raingauge; Satellite; Streamflow	ACRU; AS-soils; Current status; Ground based; Hydrological response; Hydrological simulations; Merged field; Radar network; Rain gauges; Rainfall fields; Real-time forecasting; Reservoir inflow; Satellite images; Satellite information; South Africa; State variables; Weather services; Acoustic surface wave devices; Catchments; Computer simulation; Moisture determination; Radar; Rain; Real variables; Remote sensing; Satellites; Soil moisture; Stream flow; Weather forecasting; Reservoirs (water); computer simulation; flow modeling; ground-based measurement; hydrological modeling; numerical model; performance assessment; precipitation assessment; precipitation intensity; rainfall; raingauge; real time; remote sensing; reservoir; satellite data; soil moisture; streamflow; trend analysis; KwaZulu-Natal; Mgeni River; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77952239651	Evaluation of three numerical weather prediction models for short and medium range agrohydrological applications	Ghile Y.B., Schulze R.E.	2010	Water Resources Management	24	5	10.1007/s11269-009-9483-5	Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01002, United States; School of Bioresources Engineering and Environmental Hydrology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg Campus, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa	Ghile, Y.B., Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01002, United States; Schulze, R.E., School of Bioresources Engineering and Environmental Hydrology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg Campus, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa	The skill and accuracy of the quantitative precipitation forecasts by CCAM, UM and NCEP-MRF models are verified using various statistical scores at the Mgeni catchment in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The CCAM model is capable of identifying a rainfall event, but with a tendency of under-estimating its magnitude. The UM model is capable of distinguishing rainy days from non-rainy days, but with a significant over-estimation of rainfall amount. There is no significant difference between the 1 and 2 day lead time UM forecasts. Statistical comparisons show that there is an acceptable skill in the CCAM forecasts, but the forecast skill of the UM model is low and unreliable. The role of the initial hydrological conditions in affecting the accuracy of CCAM and UM streamflows forecasts was significant. The results show that the under-estimation of the CCAM forecasts was reduced from -44% to -10%, while the over-estimation in the UM forecasts was reduced from 291% to only 59% when the ACRU agrohydrological model was initialised with observed rainfalls up to the previous day at each forecast run within the study period. The combined use of the CCAM and UM models by a "weighted averaging" had little effect in improving the skill as it is overshadowed more by the over-estimation of the UM forecasts than the under-estimation of the CCAM forecasts. Results obtained for a continuous period of 92 days showed that the NCEP-MRF rainfall forecasts were significantly over-predicted. The NCEP-MRF rainfall forecast is found to be totally unskillful, although the skill was seen to slightly increase with decreasing lead time. © 2009 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	ACRU; NWP models; Streamflow forecasting	Hydrological condition; Leadtime; Medium range; Numerical weather prediction models; NWP model; Over-estimation; Quantitative precipitation forecast; Rainfall event; Rainfall forecasts; Rainy days; South Africa; Statistical comparisons; Streamflow forecasting; Weighted averaging; Catchments; Estimation; Mathematical models; Rain; Stream flow; Structural frames; Weather forecasting; catchment; forecasting method; numerical model; precipitation assessment; statistical analysis; streamflow; KwaZulu-Natal; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77951631125	Prospective Evaluation of the Prognostic Implications of Improved Assay Performance With a Sensitive Assay for Cardiac Troponin I	Bonaca M., Scirica B., Sabatine M., Dalby A., Spinar J., Murphy S.A., Jarolim P., Braunwald E., Morrow D.A.	2010	Journal of the American College of Cardiology	55	19	10.1016/j.jacc.2010.01.044	TIMI Study Group, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; South African Cardiology Clinical Trials Group, Johannesburg, South Africa; University Hospital St. Ann, Pekarska, Czech Republic	Bonaca, M., TIMI Study Group, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Scirica, B., TIMI Study Group, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Sabatine, M., TIMI Study Group, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Dalby, A., South African Cardiology Clinical Trials Group, Johannesburg, South Africa; Spinar, J., University Hospital St. Ann, Pekarska, Czech Republic; Murphy, S.A., TIMI Study Group, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Jarolim, P., Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Braunwald, E., TIMI Study Group, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Morrow, D.A., TIMI Study Group, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States	Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic implications of low-level increases in cardiac troponin I (cTnI) using a current-generation sensitive assay in patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Background: Recent enhancements in troponin assays have enabled resolution of the 99th percentile reference limit at progressively lower concentrations. However, the clinical significance of low-level increases with sensitive assays is still debated. Methods: We measured cTnI using a sensitive assay (TnI-Ultra, Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics, Deerfield, Illinois) at baseline in 4,513 patients with non-ST-segment elevation ACS randomly assigned to ranolazine or placebo. We applied decision limits at the 99th percentile reference limit (0.04 μg/l), the cut point of the predecessor assay (0.1 μg/l), and 1 equivalent to elevation of creatine kinase-myocardial band (1.5 ng/ml). Results: Patients with baseline cTnI ≥0.04 μg/l (n = 2,924) were at higher risk of death/myocardial infarction (MI) at 30 days than were patients with a negative cTnI (6.1% vs. 2.0%, p < 0.001). After adjusting for the TIMI (Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction) risk score, cTnI ≥0.04 μg/l was associated with a 3-fold (95% confidence interval: 2.0 to 4.4, p < 0.001) higher risk of death/MI at 30 days. Moreover, patients with low-level increases (0.04 μg/l to <0.1 μg/l), were at significantly higher risk of death/MI at 30 days (5.0% vs. 2.0%, p = 0.001) and death at 12 months (6.4% vs. 2.4%, p = 0.005) than were patients with cTnI <0.04 μg/l. Conclusions: Low-level increases in cTnI using a sensitive assay identify patients at higher risk of death or MI. These findings support current American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association recommendations defining MI, and the incremental value of newer, more sensitive assays in identifying high-risk patients with ACS. © 2010 American College of Cardiology Foundation.	ACS; acute coronary syndrome; prognosis; sensitive; troponin	creatine kinase MB; fibrinogen receptor antagonist; placebo; ranolazine; thienopyridine derivative; troponin I; acute coronary syndrome; adult; adverse outcome; aged; article; controlled study; female; heart infarction; high risk patient; human; major clinical study; male; mortality; priority journal; prognosis; sensitivity and specificity; Acetanilides; Acute Coronary Syndrome; Aged; Biological Markers; Enzyme Inhibitors; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardial Infarction; Piperazines; Predictive Value of Tests; Prognosis; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Troponin I	None
None	None	Evaluation of the efficacy of protectants against Cowpea bruchids (Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)) on Cowpea seeds (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.)	Swella G.B., Mushobozy D.M.K.	2007	Plant Protection Science	43	2	None	Tanzania Official Seed Certification Institute, Morogoro, Tanzania; Department of Crop Science and Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania; Tanzania Official Seed Certification Institute (TOSCI), P.O.Box 1056, Morogoro, Tanzania	Swella, G.B., Tanzania Official Seed Certification Institute, Morogoro, Tanzania, Tanzania Official Seed Certification Institute (TOSCI), P.O.Box 1056, Morogoro, Tanzania; Mushobozy, D.M.K., Department of Crop Science and Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania	A laboratory experiment of a completely randomised design and replicated four times evaluated the effectiveness to control the bruchid, Callosobruchus maculatus in cowpea by the synthetic insecticide Actellic dust, and by the natural protectants ash, coconut oil, powdered cloves and black pepper. The data collected included the number of damaged and undamaged seeds, weight of damaged and undamaged seeds and the number of live and dead bruchids. Seeds treated with Actellic dust and black pepper powder had significantly low percentages of damaged seeds. Black pepper powder and coconut oil showed good potential in protecting cowpea against bruchid damage.	Actellic; Ash; Black pepper; Cloves; Coconut oil; Damage; Natural products	Bruchinae; Callosobruchus maculatus; Piper nigrum; Syzygium aromaticum; Vigna unguiculata	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939643524	Evaluation of a consumer fitness-tracking device to assess sleep in adults	De Zambotti M., Claudatos S., Inkelis S., Colrain I.M., Baker F.C.	2015	Chronobiology International	32	7	10.3109/07420528.2015.1054395	Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United States; Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of MelbourneVIC, Australia; Brain Function Research Group, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	De Zambotti, M., Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United States; Claudatos, S., Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United States; Inkelis, S., Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United States; Colrain, I.M., Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United States, Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of MelbourneVIC, Australia; Baker, F.C., Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United States, Brain Function Research Group, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Wearable fitness-tracker devices are becoming increasingly available. We evaluated the agreement between Jawbone UP and polysomnography (PSG) in assessing sleep in a sample of 28 midlife women. As shown previously, for standard actigraphy, Jawbone UP had high sensitivity in detecting sleep (0.97) and low specificity in detecting wake (0.37). However, it showed good overall agreement with PSG with a maximum of two women falling outside Bland-Altman plot agreement limits. Jawbone UP overestimated PSG total sleep time (26.6 ± 35.3 min) and sleep onset latency (5.2 ± 9.6 min), and underestimated wake after sleep onset (31.2 ± 32.3 min) (p's < 0.05), with greater discrepancies in nights with more disrupted sleep. The low-cost and wide-availability of these fitness-tracker devices may make them an attractive alternative to standard actigraphy in monitoring daily sleep-wake rhythms over several days. © 2015 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.	Actigraphy; activity trackers; motion; sleep; wristbands	None	HL103688, NIH, National Institutes of Health
Scopus	2-s2.0-84903215482	Community engagement as liberal performance, as critical intellectualism and as praxis	Seedat M.	2012	Journal of Psychology in Africa	22	4	10.1080/14330237.2012.10820560	Institute for Social and Health Sciences, University of South Africa, P.O. Box 1087, Lenasia, 1820, South Africa; Medical Research Council, South Africa	Seedat, M., Institute for Social and Health Sciences, University of South Africa, P.O. Box 1087, Lenasia, 1820, South Africa, Medical Research Council, South Africa	This article aims to illustrate that engagement is a dynamic and evolutionary process, moulded by contesting ideological, social actor and contextual forces. For purposes of illustration, I draw on a university-affiliated, participatory enactment of community engagement asacase example. The case illustrates that community engagement may assume a form of action, critical intellectualism and praxis. As action, community engagement is oriented towards performance of liberal democracy. Community engagement, as shaped by the critical intellectualism of the Black Consciousness philosophy, reflects community self-affirmation, autonomy and intellectual independence. Community engagement as praxis may be characterised by reflexivity, vision-making and the building of interpersonal relationships. Community engagement is marked by a dynamic interplay between race, power and counter-hegemonic ideology. Copyright © 2012 Journal of Psychology in Africa.	Action; Community engagement; Critical intellectualism; Interpersonal relationship building; Praxis	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84929709341	Impact of a participatory cyber crime prevention programme on secondary school students’ attainment in crime prevention concepts in civic education and social studies	Amosun P.A., Ige O.A., Choo K.-K.R.	2015	Education and Information Technologies	20	3	10.1007/s10639-013-9298-0	University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Nigeria; University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia	Amosun, P.A., University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Ige, O.A., Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Nigeria; Choo, K.-K.R., University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia	Nigeria is considered by many to be a cyber crime hot spot, and is often ranked among the world’s top cyber crime committing countries (e.g. advanced fee fraud is also known as Nigerian scams and 419 scams—419 is a section under the Nigerian Criminal Code Act that prohibits obtaining goods by false pretences). We designed a cyber crime prevention programme based on the action research paradigm. We the used the pretest-postest quasi experimental design to evaluate the impact of the action cyber crime prevention programme on 218 Nigerian secondary school students’ attainment in Civic Education and Social Studies. The students were purposefully selected from whole classes in six secondary schools in Nigeria. Our analysis suggested that the action cyber crime prevention programme has a positive effect on students’ attainment in cyber crime prevention. Future work includes extending the Action Cyber Crime Prevention Programme to a wider audience in Nigeria and other developing countries. © 2013, Springer Science+Business Media New York.	Action cyber crime prevention programme; Civic education; Cyber crime education; Learning outcomes; Secondary school students’; Social studies	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84856119401	Towards an Understanding, Through Action Research, of the Socio-Organizational Issues Impacting on Mobile Technology Adoption and Diffusion Within a Small-to-Medium South African Construction Company	Abrahamse J., Lotriet H.	2012	Systemic Practice and Action Research	25	1	10.1007/s11213-011-9202-z	Department of Informatics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; School of Computing, University of South Africa, P.O. Box 392, UNISA, Pretoria 0003, South Africa	Abrahamse, J., Department of Informatics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Lotriet, H., School of Computing, University of South Africa, P.O. Box 392, UNISA, Pretoria 0003, South Africa	We investigated, through an action research approach, social issues that impact on mobile technology adoption and diffusion in a professional construction management team of a small-to-medium sized South African construction company. The outcome of the study resulted in a framework of thinking that integrates social factors at individual and organisational levels that impacted on the adoption of mobile technologies in the organisation. At the methodological level the study is part of a limited collection of papers that used AR in the study of technology adoption and diffusion and it presents an example of the capability of AR as a method to allow for the integration of the social contexts of users into adoption frameworks. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	Action research; Adoption; Construction; Mobile technology; Socio-organisational issues; South Africa	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84907280955	Life-centred learning in the context of HIV and AIDS: Monitoring and evaluation of home-based caregiver training	John V.M.	2014	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	5	20	10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n20p1646	School of Education, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa	John, V.M., School of Education, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa	South Africa faces a serious challenge in its inability to stem the HIV tide. Recent survey results revealed 469 000 new HIV infections in 2012. This means there are 6.4 million people or 12.2% of the population living with HIV. In a context where education to prevent infections are not successful, education to manage the disease and enhance healthy living for the infected and affected becomes paramount. This article reports on an example of such education provided by a large health nongovernmental organisation (NGO). It discusses the design piloting, evaluation and monitoring processes involved in creating a life-centred learning programme in response to HIV and AIDS. This work was undertaken as an action research project and produced much learning for all involved. The first part of this article deals with the learning that took place during the course by learners (caregivers) and discusses some of their future learning needs. The second part discusses the learning that took place within the partnership between Caregivers International and the Centre for Adult Education (CAE), specifically catalysed through the action-reflection process. Implications from this research include the need for post-course support of learners and for attending to the injustice of placing the burden of care on the most vulnerable sector of society. © MCSER-Mediterranean Center of Social and Educational Research.	Action research; Caregivers; HIV/AIDS; Home-base care; Learning	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956753224	Research and Reflection: Potential Impact on the Professional Development of Undergraduate Occupational Therapy Students	du Toit S.H.J., Wilkinson A.C.	2010	Systemic Practice and Action Research	23	5	10.1007/s11213-010-9165-5	Department Occupational Therapy (G44), School for Allied Health Professions, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Centre for Higher Education Studies and Development, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa	du Toit, S.H.J., Department Occupational Therapy (G44), School for Allied Health Professions, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Wilkinson, A.C., Centre for Higher Education Studies and Development, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa	In occupational therapy education in South Africa, community service (CS) focuses learning opportunities during fieldwork placements. CS therefore enabled the researcher to utilise successive small scale research projects to guide learning of students during fieldwork while simultaneously developing the occupational therapy service at a residential care facility. This community setting provided a powerful environment through which research, in combination with opportunities for reflection, contributed to nurturing skills needed by these future health professionals. A technical action research (AR) approach incorporated AR cycles and opportunities for structured reflection. Therefore situations were created for the students to embrace experiential learning. Experiential learning in the form of anticipatory reflection, reflection-in-action, reflection on reflection and retrospective reflection impacted on the quality of the students' work. Besides encouraging unique leaning opportunities for students when engaging in research during their fieldwork placement, engagement in AR cycles simultaneously improved service delivery to residents in the facility. Key benefits of this investigation were that fieldwork education utilising AR cycles within a CS situation promoted students to identify voids in their theoretical background as well as practice skills; to apply reflective practice that could contribute to their personal and professional development; and to utilize learning opportunities optimally. Despite positive gains showed by this study, the role of power relations between the researcher as fieldwork educator and the students prohibited the AR cycles from being more emancipatory in nature and should be addressed in follow-up studies. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	Action research cycle approach; Community service; Experiential learning; Occupational therapy undergraduate training; Small scale research projects	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-64549135729	Performance of a water defluoridation plant in a rural area in South Africa	Schoeman J.J.	2009	Water SA	35	1	None	University of Pretoria, Department of Chemical Engineering, Water Utilisation Division, Pretoria, South Africa	Schoeman, J.J., University of Pretoria, Department of Chemical Engineering, Water Utilisation Division, Pretoria, South Africa	The fluoride concentration of a borehole water supply in a rural area (Madibeng Local Municipality, North West Province, South Africa) varies between 5 and 6 mg/ℓ. This water is therefore not suitable for potable purposes because the high fluoride concentration may cause mottling of tooth enamel in children and fluorosis in adults. Therefore, the fluoride concentration should be reduced to less than 1.5 mg/ℓ to make the water suitable for potable purposes. The activated alumina and reverse osmosis processes are both processes that can be very effectively applied for water defluoridation. The activated alumina process, however, is considered to be a more simple and robust process for water defluoridation, especially in a rural area. Therefore, the activated alumina process was selected for water defluoridation. An activated alumina plant was designed, constructed and commissioned in the rural area. Fluoride in the feed water is removed from 6 to 8 mg/ℓ to less than 1.5 mg/ℓ. No reduction in plant output was experienced over 6 service cycles. Therefore, it appears that fouling of the activated alumina should not be a problem. Plant output varied between 940 and 1 296 m3 to a fluoride breakthrough of approximately 2.0 mg/ℓ. No significant operational problems were experienced during commissioning and the plant is performing satisfactorily. Spent regenerant is disposed of into evaporation ponds. It was demonstrated that a 1st world technology could be effectively applied in a rural area with proper training and supervision of the operators. The capital and operational costs of the 200 m3/d defluoridation plant are estimated at approximately R1.2m. and R0.7/m3 treated water.	Activated alumina; Costs; Plant performance; Water defluoridation	Bore-hole waters; Defluoridation; Feed waters; Fluoride concentrations; In plants; NO reductions; Operational costs; Operational problems; Plant outputs; Plant performance; Service cycles; South Africa; Water defluoridation; Personnel training; Potable water; Reverse osmosis; Rural areas; Tooth enamel; Water supply; Activated alumina; aluminum oxide; concentration (composition); drinking water; fluoride; health risk; performance assessment; pollutant removal; rural area; water quality; water supply; water treatment; Africa; North West Province; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953354473	Comparative evaluation of predictive models in chromium adsorption	Okparanma R.N., Ayotamuno M.J., Akor A.J., Igoni A.H.	2009	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	8	7	None	Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P. M. B. 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Okparanma, R.N., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P. M. B. 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Ayotamuno, M.J., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P. M. B. 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Akor, A.J., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P. M. B. 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Igoni, A.H., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P. M. B. 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	In this study, a comparative evaluation of first- and second-order kinetic models was carried out in order to evolve a better predictive model, as well as determine the limiting phenomenon, in the adsorption of chromium onto powdered activated carbon (PAC) during the tertiary treatment of the flocculation effluent of liquid-phase oil-based drill cuttings (LP-OBDC). The treatment of the LP-OBDC was done by mixing 1g of commercial PAC with 100ml of the flocculation effluent of initial chromium concentration (Co) of 5.01mg/l in a flask using magnetic stirring at 25°C. The residual concentration of chromium in the liquid phase, C (mg/l), was measured after different stirring times of 15, 60, 120, 180 and 1440 minutes. Then, the adsorption q (mg/g) was found for each period. Results show that equilibrium was attained within 60 minutes of contact time and the equilibrium concentration of the chromium (qe) was 3.94mg/g indicating that the PAC was able to adsorb 78.64% of the chromium at initial PAC concentration of 10g/l of effluent. The first-order rate constant, K1 was 9.84 x 10-5min-1 and the second-order rate constant, K2 was 0.3644g/mgmin. Using the first-order kinetics, the value of the equilibrium concentration of the chromium (qe) was deduced as 3.47 mg/g, whereas; the qe deduced with the second-order kinetics was 3.96mg/g. When compared with the value of the qe obtained experimentally (i.e. 3.94mg/g), it shows that experimental data fitted the second-order kinetics relatively better than the first-order kinetics (with R2 = 0.999998), indicating that the second-order kinetic model could be used to predict chromium adsorption in the treatment process. This result also indicates that the limiting phenomenon in the treatment process was more of mechanisms of adsorption than mass transfer resistance.	Activated carbon adsorption; Chromium removal; Kinetic models; Oil-field drill cuttings	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84945447390	Evaluation of micro- and nano-carbon-based adsorbents for the removal of phenol from aqueous solutions	Asmaly H.A., Abussaud B., Ihsaah, Saleh T.A., Bukhari A.A., Laoui T., Shemsi A.M., Gupta V.K., Atieh M.A.	2015	Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry	97	9	10.1080/02772248.2015.1092543	KACST – Technology Innovation Centre on Carbon Capture and Sequestration (KACST-TIC on CCS), King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; Chemistry Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; Center for Environment &Water, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India; Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa; Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar	Asmaly, H.A., KACST – Technology Innovation Centre on Carbon Capture and Sequestration (KACST-TIC on CCS), King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; Abussaud, B., Department of Chemical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; Ihsaah, Department of Chemical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; Saleh, T.A., Chemistry Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; Bukhari, A.A., Center for Environment &Water, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; Laoui, T., Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; Shemsi, A.M., Center for Environment &Water, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; Gupta, V.K., Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa; Atieh, M.A., Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar	This work reports on the adsorption efficiency of two classes of adsorbents: nano-adsorbents including carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon nanofibers (CNFs); and micro-adsorbents including activated carbon (AC) and fly ash (FA). The materials were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, transmission electron microscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) specific surface area, zeta potential, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and UV spectroscopy. The adsorption experimental conditions such as pH of the solution, agitation speed, contact time, initial concentration of phenol, and adsorbent dosage were optimized for their influence on the phenol. The removal efficiency of the studied adsorbents has the following order: AC > CNTs > FA > CNFs. The capacity obtained from Langmuir isotherm was found to be 1.348, 1.098, 1.007, and 0.842 mg/g of AC, CNTs, FA, and CNFs, respectively, at 2 hours of contact time, pH 7, an adsorbent dosage of 50 mg, and a speed of 150 rpm. The higher adsorption of phenol on AC can be attributed to its high surface area and its dispersion in water. The optimum values of these variables for maximum removal of phenol were also determined. The experimental data were fitted well to Langmuir than Freundlich isotherm models. © 2015 Taylor & Francis.	activated carbon; carbon nanofibers; carbon nanotubes; fly ash; phenol	Activated carbon; Adsorbents; Carbon nanofibers; Carbon nanotubes; Chemicals removal (water treatment); Efficiency; Electron microscopy; Field emission microscopes; Fly ash; High resolution transmission electron microscopy; Isotherms; Nanofibers; Nanotubes; Phenols; Scanning electron microscopy; Solutions; Thermogravimetric analysis; Transmission electron microscopy; Ultraviolet spectroscopy; Yarn; Adsorption efficiency; Adsorption of phenol; Dispersion in water; Experimental conditions; Field emission scanning electron microscopy; Freundlich isotherm model; Initial concentration; Removal efficiencies; Adsorption; activated carbon; adsorption; aqueous solution; concentration (composition); efficiency measurement; fly ash; fullerene; pH; phenol; pollutant removal; scanning electron microscopy; thermogravimetry; transmission electron microscopy; ultraviolet radiation	KACST, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology; AR-30-92, KFUPM, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology
Scopus	2-s2.0-84946709432	Effect of addition of different carbon materials on hydrogel derived carbon material for high performance electrochemical capacitors	Barzegar F., Bello A., Guellati O., Momodu D.Y., Harat A., Dangbegnon J.K., Guerioune M., Manyala N.	2015	Electrochimica Acta	186	None	10.1016/j.electacta.2015.10.189	Department of Physics, Institute of Applied Materials, SARCHI Ch. in Carbon Technology and Materials, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; LEREC Laboratory, Department of Physics, Badji Mokhtar University of Annaba, BP.12, Annaba, Algeria	Barzegar, F., Department of Physics, Institute of Applied Materials, SARCHI Ch. in Carbon Technology and Materials, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Bello, A., Department of Physics, Institute of Applied Materials, SARCHI Ch. in Carbon Technology and Materials, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Guellati, O., LEREC Laboratory, Department of Physics, Badji Mokhtar University of Annaba, BP.12, Annaba, Algeria; Momodu, D.Y., Department of Physics, Institute of Applied Materials, SARCHI Ch. in Carbon Technology and Materials, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Harat, A., LEREC Laboratory, Department of Physics, Badji Mokhtar University of Annaba, BP.12, Annaba, Algeria; Dangbegnon, J.K., Department of Physics, Institute of Applied Materials, SARCHI Ch. in Carbon Technology and Materials, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Guerioune, M., LEREC Laboratory, Department of Physics, Badji Mokhtar University of Annaba, BP.12, Annaba, Algeria; Manyala, N., Department of Physics, Institute of Applied Materials, SARCHI Ch. in Carbon Technology and Materials, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Activated carbon (AC) materials derived from addition of graphene foam, carbon nanotube and expended graphite mixed with polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone were synthesized and tested for supercapacitor application. Although the AC obtained from expended graphite shows the smallest specific surface area (SAA), it exhibits the highest electrical double layer capacitance (EDLC) performance with high rate capability and specific capacitance. This material tested in the symmetric configuration works in a large potential window of 1.6 V. More interestingly, the device made out this material gets better in terms of electrochemical performance when subjected to ageing effect with voltage holding for 100 hours. Some tentative reasons for such discrepancy between the SAA and the EDLC are explained. © 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	activated carbon; electrical double layer capacitor; specific surface area	Activated carbon; Capacitance; Capacitors; Carbon nanotubes; Electrochemical electrodes; Graphite; Specific surface area; Yarn; Electrical double layer capacitor; Electrical double-layer capacitances; Electrochemical performance; High performance electrochemical capacitors; High rate capability; Poly vinyl pyrrolidone; Specific capacitance; Supercapacitor application; Foams	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79953880826	Preliminary evaluation of Moringa Oleifera seed shells as precursor for activated carbon	Lori J.A., Myina O.M., Ekanem E.J., Lawal A.O.	2010	Journal of Applied Sciences Research	6	12	None	Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Department of Applied Science, C.S.T., Kaduna Polytechnic, P.M.B. 2021, Kaduna, Nigeria	Lori, J.A., Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Myina, O.M., Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Ekanem, E.J., Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Lawal, A.O., Department of Applied Science, C.S.T., Kaduna Polytechnic, P.M.B. 2021, Kaduna, Nigeria	The proximate and ultimate characteristics of Moringa Oleifera (MO) seed shells were used to evaluate the suitability of the material as a precursor for activated carbon production. The results showed remarkable influence of particle size on proximate characteristics of the MO seed shell. The variation in weight loss, rates of dehydration and de-volatilization of the material with varying particle size was used to assess the particle size that could be best suited for carbonization. The particle sizes of 400 - 1400 μm have been suggested in this study to be the most suitable for producing good quality activated carbon with good yield; 1400 μm being the recommended optimum particle size of this cellulosic material for carbonization. © 2010, INSInet Publication.	Activated carbon; Moringer; Precursor; Proximate; Seed shells; Ultimate	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77952467373	Evaluation of activated charcoal as treatment for Yellow tulp (Moraea pallida) poisoning in cattle	Snyman L.D., Schultz R.A., Botha C.J., Labuschagne L., Joubert J.P.J.	2009	Journal of the South African Veterinary Association	80	4	None	ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; 16 Hickman street, Parys, 9585, South Africa	Snyman, L.D., ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Schultz, R.A., ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Botha, C.J., Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Labuschagne, L., ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Joubert, J.P.J., ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa, 16 Hickman street, Parys, 9585, South Africa	The efficacy of activated charcoal as a treatment for cattle (n = 57) poisoned by Yellow tulp (Moraea pallida) was investigated. Treatment with activated charcoal resulted in full recovery, irrespective of the degree of posterior paresis, provided that this clinical sign did not develop within the first 12 hours after initial exposure to Yellow tulp-infested grazing. For instance, despite treatment, 1 of 7 cattle succumbed after manifesting mild posterior paresis 6 to 8 h after initial exposure and 3 of 3 treated cattle died after developing severe posterior paresis within 6 to 12 h.	Activated charcoal; Moraea pallida; Treatment; Yellow tulp poisoning	activated carbon; carbopal-gn-h; unclassified drug; cardiac glycoside; charcoal; plant toxin; animal experiment; article; cattle disease; disease severity; drug efficacy; drug treatment failure; exposure; intoxication; lethality; nonhuman; paresis; plant; yellow tulp; animal; animal disease; cattle; female; Iridaceae; male; South Africa; treatment outcome; Bos; Moraea; Animals; Cardiac Glycosides; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Charcoal; Female; Iridaceae; Male; Plant Poisoning; South Africa; Treatment Outcome	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-35948991958	Design and performance of BNR activated sludge systems with flat sheet membranes for solid-liquid separation	du Toit G.J.G., Ramphao M.C., Parco V., Wentzel M.C., Ekama G.A.	2007	Water Science and Technology	56	6	10.2166/wst.2007.643	Water Research Group, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa; Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Palermo, Palermo 90100, Italy; Ninham Shand (Pty) Ltd., 81 Church Street, Cape Town 8000, South Africa	du Toit, G.J.G., Water Research Group, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa, Ninham Shand (Pty) Ltd., 81 Church Street, Cape Town 8000, South Africa; Ramphao, M.C., Ninham Shand (Pty) Ltd., 81 Church Street, Cape Town 8000, South Africa; Parco, V., Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Palermo, Palermo 90100, Italy; Wentzel, M.C., Water Research Group, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa; Ekama, G.A., Water Research Group, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa	The use of immersed membranes for solid-liquid separation in biological nutrient removal activated sludge (BNRAS) systems was investigated at lab scale. Two laboratory-scale BNR activated sludge systems were run in parallel, one a MBR system and the other a conventional system with secondary settling tanks. Both systems were in 3 reactor anaerobic, anoxic, aerobic UCT configurations. The systems were set up to have, as far as possible, identical design parameters such as reactor mass fractions, recycles and sludge age. Differences were the influent flow and total reactor volumes, and the higher reactor concentrations in the MBR system. The performances of the two systems were extensively monitored and compared to identify and quantity the influence of the membranes on system response. The MBR UCT system exhibited COD, FSA, TKN, TP and TSS removals that were consistently equivalent or superior to the conventional system. Better P removal in the MBR was attributed to lower observed P uptake in the anoxic zone. High nitrate loads to the anoxic reactor appeared to be the determining factor in stimulating P uptake. The MBR UCT system had a greater sludge production than the conventional system. This was partly attributable to the retention of all solids in the MBR reactor. For steady state design this increase is accommodated by increasing the influent unbiodegradable particulate COD fraction. Additionally an attempt was made to determine the Alpha values in the oxygen transfer rate. This paper briefly summarises and compares the results from both systems, and the conclusions that can be drawn from these results. © IWA Publishing 2007.	Activated sludge; Alpha; Anoxic P uptake; Biological nutrient removal; Membrane bioreactor	Bioreactors; Chemical oxygen demand; Nutrients; Phase separation; Phosphorus; Removal; Sewage settling tanks; Biological nutrient removal; Membrane bioreactor; Activated sludge process; nitrogen; oxygen; phosphorus; Activated sludge process; Bioreactors; Chemical oxygen demand; Nutrients; Phase separation; Phosphorus; Removal; Sewage settling tanks; activated sludge; bioreactor; membrane; activated sludge; aerobic reactor; anaerobic reactor; article; biodegradability; chemical oxygen demand; controlled study; intermethod comparison; membrane reactor; oxygen transport; particulate matter; process design; quantitative analysis; separation technique; solid liquid separation; steady state; suspended particulate matter; Bioreactors; Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Sewage; Waste Disposal, Fluid; Water Purification	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897906615	Measurement of ordinary heterotrophic organism active biomass in activated sludge mixed liquor: Evaluation and comparison of the quantifying techniques	Lee B.J., Wentzel M., Ekama G., Choi Y.Y., Choi J.W.	2014	Environmental Engineering Research	19	1	10.4491/eer.2014.19.1.091	School of Construction and Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 742-711, South Korea; Department of Civil Engineering, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	Lee, B.J., School of Construction and Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 742-711, South Korea; Wentzel, M., Department of Civil Engineering, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Ekama, G., Department of Civil Engineering, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Choi, Y.Y., School of Construction and Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 742-711, South Korea; Choi, J.W., School of Construction and Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 742-711, South Korea	Ordinary heterotrophic organism (OHO) active biomass plays key roles in biological wastewater treatment processes. However, due to the lack of measurement techniques, the OHO active biomass exists hypothetically within the design and simulation of biological wastewater treatment processes. This research was purposed to develop a quick and easy quantifying technique for the OHO active biomass applying a modified batch aerobic growth test. Two nitrification-denitrification activated sludge systems, with 10- and 20-day sludge ages, were operated to provide well-cultured mixed liquor to the batch tests. A steady state design model was firstly applied to quantify the "theoretical" OHO active biomass concentration of the two parent systems. The mixed liquor from the parent systems was then inoculated to a batch growth test and a batch digestion test to estimate the "measured" OHO active biomass concentration in the mixed liquor. The measured OHO active biomass concentrations with the batch growth test and the batch digestion test were compared to the theoretical concentrations of the parent system. The measured concentrations with the batch growth test were generally smaller than the theoretical concentrations. However, the measured concentrations with the batch aerobic digestion tests showed a good correlation to the theoretical concentrations. Thus, a different microbial growth condition (i.e., a higher food/biomass ratio) in the batch growth test, compared to the parent system or the batch digestion test, was found to cause underestimation of the OHO active biomass concentrations. © 2014 Korean Society of Environmental Engineers.	Activated sludge system; Active biomass; Endogenous respiration; Growth; Heterotrophic; Models	Activated sludge systems; Active biomass; Biological wastewater treatment process; Design and simulation; Endogenous respiration; Heterotrophic; Measurement techniques; Nitrification-denitrification; Activated sludge process; Biomass; Growth (materials); Models; Wastewater treatment; Ecology	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79952311578	Impact of blood processing variations on natural killer cell frequency, activation, chemokine receptor expression and function	Naranbhai V., Bartman P., Ndlovu D., Ramkalawon P., Ndung'u T., Wilson D., Altfeld M., Carr W.H.	2011	Journal of Immunological Methods	366	42371	10.1016/j.jim.2011.01.001	HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa; Center for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa; Edendale Regional Hospital, Edendale, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard University, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, United States	Naranbhai, V., HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa, Center for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa; Bartman, P., Edendale Regional Hospital, Edendale, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Ndlovu, D., Edendale Regional Hospital, Edendale, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Ramkalawon, P., HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa; Ndung'u, T., HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa; Wilson, D., Edendale Regional Hospital, Edendale, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Altfeld, M., HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa, Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard University, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, United States; Carr, W.H., HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa, Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard University, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, United States	Understanding the role of natural killer (NK) cells in human disease pathogenesis is crucial and necessitates study of patient samples directly ex vivo. Manipulation of whole blood by density gradient centrifugation or delays in sample processing due to shipping, however, may lead to artifactual changes in immune response measures. Here, we assessed the impact of density gradient centrifugation and delayed processing of both whole blood and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) at multiple timepoints (2-24. h) on flow cytometric measures of NK cell frequency, activation status, chemokine receptor expression, and effector functions. We found that density gradient centrifugation activated the NK cells and modified the chemokine receptor expression. Delays in processing beyond 8. h activated NK cells in PBMC but not in whole blood. Likewise, processing delays decreased chemokine receptor (CCR4 and CCR7) expression in both PBMC and whole blood. Finally, delays in processing PBMC were associated with a decreased ability of NK cells to degranulate (as measured by CD107a expression) or secrete cytokines (IFN-γ and TNF-α). In summary, our findings suggest that density gradient centrifugation and delayed processing of PBMC can alter measures of clinically relevant NK cell characteristics including effector functions; and therefore should be taken into account in designing clinical research studies. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.	Activation; Chemokine receptor; Flow cytometry; Natural killer cells; PBMC; Whole blood	chemokine receptor CCR4; chemokine receptor CCR7; gamma interferon; lysosome associated membrane protein 1; tumor necrosis factor alpha; adult; article; blood; blood sampling; cell activation; density gradient centrifugation; female; flow cytometry; human; immune response; innate immunity; natural killer cell; normal human; pathogenesis; peripheral blood mononuclear cell; priority journal; vein puncture; Adult; Blood Specimen Collection; Cell Degranulation; Cell Separation; Centrifugation, Density Gradient; Female; Flow Cytometry; Humans; Killer Cells, Natural; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Lymphocyte Activation; Phlebotomy; Receptors, Chemokine; Time Factors; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80054780391	Grid security: Evaluation of active and passive attacks with proposed countermeasures	Azeez N.A., Tiko I., Venter I.M., Onifade O.F.W., Azeez R.A.	2011	Research Journal of Information Technology	3	3	10.3923/rjit.2011.181.190	Department of Computer Science, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, South Africa; Department of Informatics, Faculty of Information and Communication, Pretoria South, South Africa; Department of Computer Science, University o	Azeez, N.A., Department of Computer Science, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, South Africa; Tiko, I., Department of Informatics, Faculty of Information and Communication, Pretoria South, South Africa; Venter, I.M., Department of Computer Science, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, South Africa; Onifade, O.F.W., Department of Computer Science, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Azeez, R.A., Department of Computer Science, Fountain University, Osogbo, Nigeria	Grid computing is an emergent computing innovation which offers endless access to computing infrastructure across various organizations (academia and industry). Since this technology allows aggregation of various computer systems for usage by different users to run applications, the information stored on it which may be sensitive and private, remains vulnerable. According to related research on the attribute based access control for grid computing there is no adequate and appropriate security mechanism to authorize and authenticate users before accessing information on a grid system. The issue of security in grid technology has not been fully addressed even though it is a precondition for optimizing grid usability. In this paper therefore, we try to explore some of the main security attacks on a grid system and provide reasonable countermeasures to handle the situation. Finally, an architectural model to prevent any form of attacks explained is also presented. © 2011 Academic Journals Inc.	Active; Attacks; Countermeasures; Grid; Passive; Security; Topology	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956123586	Thermal state of permafrost and active-layer monitoring in the antarctic: Advances during the international polar year 2007-2009	Vieira G., Bockheim J., Guglielmin M., Balks M., Abramov A.A., Boelhouwers J., Cannone N., Ganzert L., Gilichinsky D.A., Goryachkin S., López-Martínez J., Meiklejohn I., Raffi R., Ramos M., Schaefer C., Serrano E., Simas F., Sletten R., Wagner D.	2010	Permafrost and Periglacial Processes	21	2	10.1002/ppp.685	University of Lisbon, Institute of Geography and Territorial Planning, Portugal; University of Wisconsin, Soil Science, United States; Insubria University, DBSF, Italy; University of Waikato, Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, New Zealand; IPCABPSS RAS, Soil Cryology, Sweden; Uppsala University, Department of Social and Economic Geography, Sweden; Department of Biology and Evolution, University of Ferrara, Italy; Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Research Unit Potsdam, Germany; Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Geography, Russian Federation; Department of Geology and Geochemistry, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Russian Federation; Rhodes University, Department of Geography, South Africa; Department of Sapienza University, Department of Earth Sciences, Italy; University of Alcala, Department of Physics, Spain; Federal University of Viçosa, Department of Soils, Brazil; University of Valladolid, Department of Geography, Spain; University of Washington, Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, United States	Vieira, G., University of Lisbon, Institute of Geography and Territorial Planning, Portugal; Bockheim, J., University of Wisconsin, Soil Science, United States; Guglielmin, M., Insubria University, DBSF, Italy; Balks, M., University of Waikato, Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, New Zealand; Abramov, A.A., IPCABPSS RAS, Soil Cryology, Sweden; Boelhouwers, J., Uppsala University, Department of Social and Economic Geography, Sweden; Cannone, N., Department of Biology and Evolution, University of Ferrara, Italy; Ganzert, L., Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Research Unit Potsdam, Germany; Gilichinsky, D.A., IPCABPSS RAS, Soil Cryology, Sweden; Goryachkin, S., Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Geography, Russian Federation; López-Martínez, J., Department of Geology and Geochemistry, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Russian Federation; Meiklejohn, I., Rhodes University, Department of Geography, South Africa; Raffi, R., Department of Sapienza University, Department of Earth Sciences, Italy; Ramos, M., University of Alcala, Department of Physics, Spain; Schaefer, C., Federal University of Viçosa, Department of Soils, Brazil; Serrano, E., University of Valladolid, Department of Geography, Spain; Simas, F., Federal University of Viçosa, Department of Soils, Brazil; Sletten, R., University of Washington, Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, United States; Wagner, D., Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Research Unit Potsdam, Germany	Results obtained during the International Polar Year (IPY) on the thermal state of permafrost and the active layer in the Antarctic are presented, forming part of ANTPAS (Antarctic Permafrost and Soils'), which was one of the key projects developed by the International Permafrost Association and the Scientific Committee for Antarctic Research for the IPY. The number of boreholes for permafrost and active-layer monitoring was increased from 21 to 73 during the IPY, while CALM-S sites to monitor the active layer were increased from 18 to 28. Permafrost temperatures during the IPY were slightly below 0°C in the South Shetlands near sea-level, showing that this area is near the climatic boundary of permafrost and has the highest sensitivity to climate change in the region. Permafrost temperatures were much lower in continental Antarctica: from the coast to the interior and with increasing elevation they ranged between - 13.3°C and - 18.6°C in Northern Victoria Land, from - 17.4°C to -22.5°C in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, and down to -23.6°C at high elevation on Mount Fleming (Ross Island). Other monitored regions in continental Antarctica also showed cold permafrost: Queen Maud Land exhibited values down to - 17.8°C on nunataks, while in Novolazar-evskaya (Schirmacher Oasis) at 80 m a.s.l. the permafrost temperature was -8.3°C. The coastal stations of Molodeznaya at Enderby Land showed permafrost temperatures of -9.8°C, Larsemann Hills - Progress Station in the Vestfold Hills region - recorded -8.5°C, and Russkaya in Marie Byrd Land, - 10.4°C. This snapshot obtained during the IPY shows that the range of ground temperatures in the Antarctic is greater than in the Arctic. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Active layer; Antarctica; ANTPAS; IPY; Permafrost temperature	active layer; freeze-thaw cycle; frozen ground; monitoring system; nunatak; patterned ground; periglacial environment; permafrost; polar region; thermal regime; Antarctica; East Antarctica; McMurdo Dry Valleys; Mount Fleming; Queen Maud Land; South Shetland Islands; Victoria Land	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84870512131	Evaluation of demodulation algorithms for robust self-sensing active magnetic bearings	Van Schoor G., Niemann A.C., Du Rand C.P.	2013	Sensors and Actuators, A: Physical	189	None	10.1016/j.sna.2012.10.033	Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa	Van Schoor, G., Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Niemann, A.C., Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Du Rand, C.P., Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa	Active magnetic bearings (AMBs) play a key role in various industrial applications. In the ongoing challenge to reduce the number of external sensing devices and manufacturing costs of AMBs, self-sensing techniques have positioned themselves in a dominant role to provide sensorless estimation of rotor displacement. A self-sensing arrangement employs an estimation algorithm that uses the modulated coil voltage and current signals to determine the air gap information. However, filters in the demodulation path of the estimator introduce additional phase-shift that results in lower achievable stability margins. Furthermore, a disadvantage of modulation self-sensing approaches is that the position estimates are nonlinearly dependent on the power amplifier voltage duty cycle. This paper firstly evaluates the static and dynamic performance of different demodulation techniques via an experimentally verified transient simulation model. The direct current measurement (DCM) approach, which comprises a minimum number of filters, is proposed for position estimation of self-sensing AMBs. The DCM algorithm incorporates a novel PA switching method that only uses the bearing coil currents as input. The estimator facilitates duty-cycle invariant position estimates with minimal additional phase-shift. According to simulated as well as experimental results, the sensitivity level of this estimator is the lowest compared to the other examined techniques. A practical implementation of the DCM approach shows that robust estimation can be realized for a 10 A magnetically coupled AMB that lends itself to industrial application. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.	Active magnetic bearing (AMB); Amplitude modulation; Demodulation; Position estimation, Direct current measurement; Self-sensing	Active Magnetic Bearing; Active magnetic bearings; Air-gaps; Coil current; Current signal; Demodulation algorithms; Demodulation techniques; Direct current measurement; Estimation algorithm; Manufacturing cost; Position estimates; Position estimation; Practical implementation; Robust estimation; Rotor displacement; Self-sensing; Sensing devices; Sensorless; Stability margins; Static and dynamic performance; Switching methods; Transient simulation models; Algorithms; Amplitude modulation; Computer simulation; Demodulation; Electric current measurement; Estimation; Industrial applications; Modulation; Optical variables measurement; Phase shift; Phase shifters; Power amplifiers; Sensors; Magnetic amplifiers	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84876378203	Optimization of pollution control performance of wet detention ponds in tropical urban catchments using particle swarm optimization	Dan'Azumi S., Shamsudin S., Aris A.	2013	Journal of Hydroinformatics	15	2	10.2166/hydro.2012.206	Department of Civil Engineering, Bayero University Kano, PMB 3011, Kano, Nigeria; Razak School of Engineering and Advanced Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysi	Dan'Azumi, S., Department of Civil Engineering, Bayero University Kano, PMB 3011, Kano, Nigeria, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia; Shamsudin, S., Razak School of Engineering and Advanced Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Aris, A., Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia	Wet detention ponds are the best management systems for the control of urban stormwater. The objective of this study is to develop optimum pollution control performance of wet detention ponds using an analytical probabilistic model (APM) and particle swarm optimization (PSO). An urban catchment, in a tropical region, was selected as a case study and APM parameters were developed using long-term rainfall data. Firstly, the active storage was kept constant while the permanent pool was varied and PSO simulations conducted. Secondly, PSO simulations were conducted, keeping the permanent pool constant and varying the active storage. The pollution control increased with increasing detention time, reached a peak value and thereafter declined. However, the pollution control was more sensitive to permanent pool than active storage as higher pollution control is attained at a shorter time using the former. The PSO captures the optimum detention time and the corresponding peak pollution control performance by five iterations and the computational time required for the PSO is much shorter than the APM which has to be exhaustively enumerated. The optimum detention time in tropical climates is found to be shorter than temperate regions and recommendations given in existing literature cannot be applied to tropical regions. © IWA Publishing 2013.	Active storage; Detention pond; Particle swarm optimization; Permanent pool; Pollution control; Wet pond	None	None
WoS	WOS:000260974800015	Evaluating a school-based trachoma curriculum in Tanzania	Courtright, Paul,Geneau, Robert,Lewallen, Susan,MacArthur, Chad,Massae, Patrick,Somba, Margareth,Tharaney, Manisha	2008	HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH	23	6	10.1093/her/cym097	Helen Keller Int, Tumaini Univ KCMC	None	Trachoma remains a public health problem in a number of sub-Saharan Africa countries; behavioral change and environmental improvements are cornerstones of prevention efforts. Evidence of successful health education are few in Africa. Health education efforts through primary schools have recently been developed and adopted in Tanzania. We evaluated changes from 2004 to 2005 in knowledge and reported behavioral change as well as nasal and ocular discharge and clean faces in selected schools in central Tanzania. This was a mixed-methods study involving both schoolchildren and schoolteachers. We found a significant reduction in nasal discharge (from 4.5% to 0.5%) and dirty faces (from 3.6% to 0.9%) and improvements in some knowledge- and behavior-related indices by primary schoolchildren in the intervention villages. The teachers viewed the trachoma curriculum positively but reported that the lack of water at the schools limited application of the health education messages. The disparity between health education messages and environmental capacities for implementing these messages (no wells at the schools and minimal latrine facilities at the schools and homes) limited usefulness of the curriculum.	,"ACTIVE TRACHOMA","BLINDING TRACHOMA",IMPACT,STRATEGY,VIETNAM	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34247097121	Impact of soil types and petroleum effluents on the earthworm, Eudrilus eugeniae	Oboh B.O., Adeyinka Y., Awonuga S., Akinola M.O.	2007	Journal of Environmental Biology	28	2	None	Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Environmental Biology Lab., University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria	Oboh, B.O., Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Environmental Biology Lab., University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Adeyinka, Y., Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Environmental Biology Lab., University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Awonuga, S., Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Environmental Biology Lab., University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Akinola, M.O., Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Environmental Biology Lab., University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria	Earthworm, Eudrilus eugeniae, exposed to different concentrations of dump-site soil and petroleum effluents exhibited different morbidity and mortality responses. Lake sediments caused varied fluctuations in weight over a 20 day exposure period. Colour changes and mortality up to 15% were observed in earthworms cultured in 100% lake sediment, while weight loss, coiling and sluggish movement were observed in 50% lake water. The effects of 100% dump-site soils were more pronounced as 40% death, swelling, body lesions, stiffening, coiling and low reproduction were recorded. Earthworms were useful as an organism in testing the toxicity of dump-site soils and effluent from a petroleum industry. Dump-site soils and soils polluted with petroleum effluent reduced populations of earthworms and this could subsequently affect other components of the ecosystems associated with earthworm activities. © Triveni Enterprises.	Activities; Dump-site; Population	petroleum; earthworm; effluent; lacustrine deposit; morbidity; mortality; petroleum; physiological response; pollution exposure; population decline; soil pollution; soil type; toxicity test; animal experiment; article; biomass; controlled study; earthworm; effluent; environmental exposure; Eudrilus eugeniae; exposure; lake ecosystem; morbidity; mortality; nonhuman; petrochemical industry; soil; soil pollution; Animals; Body Weight; Industrial Waste; Oligochaeta; Petroleum; Refuse Disposal; Soil Pollutants; Waste Disposal, Fluid; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Eudrilus eugeniae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-51549116135	Self-reported visual impairment and impact on vision-related activities in an elderly Nigerian population: Report from the Ibadan Study of Ageing	Bekibele C.O., Gureje O.	2008	Ophthalmic Epidemiology	15	4	10.1080/09286580802336583	Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Bekibele, C.O., Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Gureje, O., Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Background: Studies have shown an association between visual impairment and poor overall function. Studies from Africa and developing countries show high prevalence of visual impairment. More information is needed on the community prevalence and impact of visual impairment among elderly Africans. Methods: A multi-stage stratified sampling of households was implemented to select persons aged 65 years and over in the south-western and north-central parts of Nigeria. Impairments of distant and near vision were based on subjective self-reports obtained with the use of items derived from the World Health Organization multi-country World Health Survey questionnaire. Impairment was defined as reporting much difficulty to questions on distant and near vision. Disabilities in activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) were evaluated by interview, using standardized scales. Results: A total of 2054 subjects 957 (46.6%) males and 1097 (53.4) females responded to the questions on vision. 22% (n = 453) of the respondents reported distant vision impairment, and 18% (n = 377) reported near vision impairment (not mutually exclusive). Fifteen percent (n = 312), however, reported impairment for both far and near vision. Impairment of distant vision increased progressively with age (P < 0.01). Persons with self-reported near vision impairment had elevated risk of functional disability in several IADLs and ADLs than those with out. Distant vision impairment was less associated with role limitations in both ADLs and IADLs. Conclusion: The prevalence of self-reported distant visual impairment was high but that for near visual impairment was less than expected in this elderly African population. Impairment of near vision was found to carry with it a higher burden of functional disability than that of distant vision. Copyright © 2008 Informa Healthcare USA, Inc.	Activities of daily living; Functional disability; Visual impairment	adult; aged; aging; article; controlled study; female; functional disease; human; major clinical study; male; Nigeria; priority journal; quality of life; questionnaire; self report; vision; visual impairment; world health organization; Activities of Daily Living; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Female; Humans; Male; Nigeria; Questionnaires; Self Disclosure; Sickness Impact Profile; Vision Disorders; Visually Impaired Persons	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84938574028	The impact of multimorbidity on adult physical and mental health in low- and middle-income countries: What does the study on global ageing and adult health (SAGE) reveal?	Arokiasamy P., Uttamacharya U., Jain K., Biritwum R.B., Yawson A.E., Wu F., Guo Y., Maximova T., Espinoza B.M., Salinas Rodríguez A., Afshar S., Pati S., Ice G., Banerjee S., Liebert M.A., Snodgrass J.J., Naidoo N., Chatterji S., Kowal P.	2015	BMC Medicine	13	1	10.1186/s12916-015-0402-8	International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India; Department of Community Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana; Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Shanghai, China; Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (RAMS), Moscow, Russian Federation; National Institute of Public Health (INSP), Centre for Evaluation Research and Surveys, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico; Academic Unit of Primary Care and Population Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, United Kingdom; Indian Institute of Public Health, Bhubaneswar, Public Health Foundation of India, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India; Ohio University, Department of Social Medicine and Director of Global Health, Athens, OH, United States; Centre for Dementia Studies, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom; University of Oregon, Department of Anthropology, Eugene, OR, United States; World Health Organization, Statistics Measurement and Analysis Unit, Geneva, Switzerland; World Health Organization Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE), Geneva, Switzerland; University of Newcastle Priority Research Centre for Gender, Health and Ageing, Newcastle, NSW, Australia	Arokiasamy, P., International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India; Uttamacharya, U., International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India; Jain, K., International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India; Biritwum, R.B., Department of Community Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana; Yawson, A.E., Department of Community Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana; Wu, F., Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Shanghai, China; Guo, Y., Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Shanghai, China; Maximova, T., Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (RAMS), Moscow, Russian Federation; Espinoza, B.M., National Institute of Public Health (INSP), Centre for Evaluation Research and Surveys, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico; Salinas Rodríguez, A., National Institute of Public Health (INSP), Centre for Evaluation Research and Surveys, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico; Afshar, S., Academic Unit of Primary Care and Population Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, United Kingdom; Pati, S., Indian Institute of Public Health, Bhubaneswar, Public Health Foundation of India, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India; Ice, G., Ohio University, Department of Social Medicine and Director of Global Health, Athens, OH, United States; Banerjee, S., Centre for Dementia Studies, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom; Liebert, M.A., University of Oregon, Department of Anthropology, Eugene, OR, United States; Snodgrass, J.J., University of Oregon, Department of Anthropology, Eugene, OR, United States; Naidoo, N., World Health Organization, Statistics Measurement and Analysis Unit, Geneva, Switzerland, World Health Organization Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE), Geneva, Switzerland; Chatterji, S., World Health Organization, Statistics Measurement and Analysis Unit, Geneva, Switzerland, World Health Organization Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE), Geneva, Switzerland; Kowal, P., World Health Organization Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE), Geneva, Switzerland, University of Newcastle Priority Research Centre for Gender, Health and Ageing, Newcastle, NSW, Australia	Background: Chronic diseases contribute a large share of disease burden in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Chronic diseases have a tendency to occur simultaneously and where there are two or more such conditions, this is termed as 'multimorbidity'. Multimorbidity is associated with adverse health outcomes, but limited research has been undertaken in LMICs. Therefore, this study examines the prevalence and correlates of multimorbidity as well as the associations between multimorbidity and self-rated health, activities of daily living (ADLs), quality of life, and depression across six LMICs. Methods: Data was obtained from the WHO's Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) Wave-1 (2007/10). This was a cross-sectional population based survey performed in LMICs, namely China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia, and South Africa, including 42,236 adults aged 18 years and older. Multimorbidity was measured as the simultaneous presence of two or more of eight chronic conditions including angina pectoris, arthritis, asthma, chronic lung disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, stroke, and vision impairment. Associations with four health outcomes were examined, namely ADL limitation, self-rated health, depression, and a quality of life index. Random-intercept multilevel regression models were used on pooled data from the six countries. Results: The prevalence of morbidity and multimorbidity was 54.2 % and 21.9 %, respectively, in the pooled sample of six countries. Russia had the highest prevalence of multimorbidity (34.7 %) whereas China had the lowest (20.3 %). The likelihood of multimorbidity was higher in older age groups and was lower in those with higher socioeconomic status. In the pooled sample, the prevalence of 1+ ADL limitation was 14 %, depression 5.7 %, self-rated poor health 11.6 %, and mean quality of life score was 54.4. Substantial cross-country variations were seen in the four health outcome measures. The prevalence of 1+ ADL limitation, poor self-rated health, and depression increased whereas quality of life declined markedly with an increase in number of diseases. Conclusions: Findings highlight the challenge of multimorbidity in LMICs, particularly among the lower socioeconomic groups, and the pressing need for reorientation of health care resources considering the distribution of multimorbidity and its adverse effect on health outcomes. © 2015 Arokiasamy et al.	Activities of daily living; Low- and middle-income countries; Mental health; Multimorbidity; Non-communicable diseases; Quality of life	ADL disability; adult; age; aged; aging; angina pectoris; arthritis; Article; asthma; cerebrovascular accident; China; chronic lung disease; correlation analysis; cross-sectional study; daily life activity; depression; diabetes mellitus; disease association; female; Ghana; health care need; health care system; health status; human; hypertension; India; lowest income group; major clinical study; male; mental health; Mexico; middle aged; morbidity; multimorbidity; physical capacity; prevalence; quality of life; regression analysis; Russian Federation; self evaluation; social status; South Africa; visual impairment; young adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-68449104735	Is patenting activity impeding the academic performance of South African University researchers?	Lubango L.M., Pouris A.	2009	Technology in Society	31	3	10.1016/j.techsoc.2009.03.011	Institute for Technological Innovation, Faculty of Engineering, University of Pretoria, Building 2, Pretoria 002, South Africa	Lubango, L.M., Institute for Technological Innovation, Faculty of Engineering, University of Pretoria, Building 2, Pretoria 002, South Africa; Pouris, A., Institute for Technological Innovation, Faculty of Engineering, University of Pretoria, Building 2, Pretoria 002, South Africa	The present study investigates whether activities related to the patenting of inventions impede or are in conflict with the academic performance of university professors, particularly the publication or the production of public knowledge. The Poisson regression model is used taking into account the confounding effects of other variables deemed to affect the publication productivity, viz.; research/faculty orientation, collaboration, etc. The study is conducted in South Africa, where university R&D is highly funded by the private sector, compared to other countries, viz. USA, UK, Germany, etc. Furthermore, within the South African institutions of learning, there are more incentives to publish than to invent. It is found that: (i) inventiveness and academic performance can co-exist and re-enforce each other, (ii) professors who are inventive have a broader network of researchers-collaborators and (iii) perform highly academically (from the NRF-rating perspective) and publish more than those who do not invent at all. © 2009.	Activity; Collaboration; Patenting; Poisson regression model; Publishing	Academic performance; Activity; Collaboration; Germany; Patenting; Poisson regression model; Poisson regression models; Private sectors; Public knowledge; South Africa; University researchers; Poisson distribution; Poisson equation; Regression analysis; Research; Publishing; academic performance; academic research; learning; numerical model; publishing; regression analysis; research and development; traditional knowledge; university sector; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84898982768	Managing environmental impact of bouldering as a niche outdoor-climbing activity	Van der Merwe J.H., Joubert U.	2014	South African Journal for Research in Sport, Physical Education and Recreation	36	1	None	Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Van der Merwe, J.H., Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Joubert, U., Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa	The paper proposes a normative management instrument to help environmental managers in the field of outdoor recreation and conservation limit the impact of sport climbing, bouldering in particular, as an action-sport activity. Evidence of the rising popularity of the bouldering sport and its associated impacts on natural-resource areas is presented. The model is applied to and tested in the Rocklands bouldering area of South Africa to demonstrate its efficacy. The instrument uses 58 test criteria to account for the maintenance of a resource's market appeal and resource sensitivity by capturing these aspects at three spatial scales: the bouldering area as a whole, its sub-fields and the individual boulders. The model should aid conservation authorities, owners of private climbing areas and the organised climbing fraternity to ensure long-term sustainability of the use of climbing resources. The research concludes that the instrument provides the means to manage a natural resource sustainably within local and even international contexts.	Activity impacts; Bouldering; Management-model design and application; Nature-based tourism; Rocklands bouldering area	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84948765529	Prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal discomfort and its impact on activity: A survey of beverage factory workers in Eastern Nigeria	Abaraogu U.O., Okafor U.A.C., Ezeukwu A.O., Igwe S.E.	2015	Work	52	3	10.3233/WOR-152100	Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria; Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos,	Abaraogu, U.O., Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria; Okafor, U.A.C., Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Ezeukwu, A.O., Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria; Igwe, S.E., Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria	BACKGROUND: Bottling workers maintain awkward postures while performing machine paced repetitive motions in many of their job tasks and therefore are predisposed to work related musculoskeletal discomfort (WMSD). There is a paucity of literature on prevalence and impact of musculoskeletal discomfort among this occupational group. OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted among Eastern Nigerian beverage factory workers to investigate prevalence of WMSD as a first step towards risk factors investigation and ergonomic future intervention. METHOD: A total of 301 workers (8 workstations) completed a modified Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire in this cross sectional survey. RESULTS: Twelve month prevalence of WMSD was 91.4% and 65.1% had been prevented from doing activity at home or workplace by WMSD in the past 12 months. Shoulder, neck and upper back in that order were the most common complaints. Prevalence of WMSD in body regions were associated with age but not with gender except for neck, upper back, shoulder, and ankle/foot complaints. CONCLUSION: WMSDs are very high among beverage bottling workers. Investigation into the prevailing risk factors especially the work posture and work organization/work psychosocial factors for possible risk exposure in these workers is essential for ergonomic intervention towards work injury prevention. © 2015 - IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved.	activity limitation; beverage bottling; Bottling tasks; mechanical pain	accident prevention; ankle; beverage; body posture; controlled study; exposure; female; foot; gender; human; human experiment; male; neck; prevalence; questionnaire; risk factor; shoulder; worker; workplace	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84941642623	Evaluation of predictive CYP2C19 genotyping assays relative to measured phenotype in a South African cohort	Dodgen T.M., Drögemöller B.I., Wright G.E.B., Warnich L., Steffens F.E., Cromarty A.D., Alessandrini M., Pepper M.S.	2015	Pharmacogenomics	16	12	10.2217/pgs.15.80	Department of Pharmacology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, PO Box 2034, Pretoria, South Africa; Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Department of Statistics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland	Dodgen, T.M., Department of Pharmacology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, PO Box 2034, Pretoria, South Africa, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Drögemöller, B.I., Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Wright, G.E.B., Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Warnich, L., Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Steffens, F.E., Department of Statistics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Cromarty, A.D., Department of Pharmacology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Alessandrini, M., Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, PO Box 2034, Pretoria, South Africa, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Pepper, M.S., Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, PO Box 2034, Pretoria, South Africa, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa, Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland	Aim: To align predicted and measured CYP2C19 phenotype in a South African cohort. Materials & methods: Genotyping of CYP2C19∗2, ∗3, ∗9, ∗15, ∗17, ∗27 and ∗28 was performed using PCR-RFLP, and an activity score (AS) system was used to predict phenotype. True phenotype was measured using plasma concentrations of omeprazole and its metabolite 5′-hydroxyomperazole. Results: Partial genotype-phenotype discrepancies were reported, and an adapted AS system was developed, which showed a marked improvement in phenotype prediction. Results highlight the need for a more comprehensive CYP2C19 genotyping approach to improve prediction of omeprazole metabolism. Conclusion: Evidence for the utility of a CYP2C19 AS system is provided, for which the accuracy can be further improved by means of comprehensive genotyping and substrate-specific modification. © 2015 Future Medicine Ltd.	activity score system; CYP2C19; genotype-phenotype correlation; omeprazole; South Africa	5' hydroxyomperazole; cytochrome P450 2C19; drug metabolite; omeprazole; unclassified drug; adult; Article; cohort analysis; controlled study; CYP2C19 gene; drug blood level; drug metabolism; female; gene frequency; genotype phenotype correlation; genotyping technique; human; male; phenotype; polymerase chain reaction; prediction; restriction fragment length polymorphism; South African	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84864545283	The impact of organisational politics on the implementation of it strategy: South African case in context	Iyamu T.	2011	International Journal of Sociotechnology and Knowledge Development	3	3	10.4018/jskd.2011070102	Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa	Iyamu, T., Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa	Through IT strategy, many organisations intend to set out key directions and objectives for the use and management of information, communication and technologies. A shared view among these organisations is that IT strategy allows all parts of the organisation to gain a shared understanding of priorities, goals and objectives for both current and future states as defined in the strategy. It would therefore seem that IT strategy, for the foreseeable future will remain a key aspect of development within organisations. As a result, there has been more focus on how IT strategy is articulated and formulated. What is missing is that there has been less attention on the implementation of the strategy. Also, in most organisations, technical issues are minor compared to the relationship issues. There are many factors which influence the implementation of the IT strategy. This paper focuses on how organisational politics as examined by two underpinning theories, Structuration Theory and Actor-Network Theory, impact the implementation of IT strategy. Copyright © 2011, IGI Global.	Actor-Network Theory; Implementation; IT Strategy; Organisational Politics; Structuration Theory	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84876042318	Evaluation of biochemical indices following administration of artemether, halofantrine and a combination of artemether and lumefantrine in guinea pigs	Aprioku J.S., Obianime A.W.	2012	Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science	2	10	10.7324/JAPS.2012.21011	Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Aprioku, J.S., Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Obianime, A.W., Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Combination of artemether and lumefantrine (artemether-lumefantrine) is an orally effective artemisinin-based combination therapy, used widely in the treatment of Plasmodium falciparum infections. The present study investigates the comparative effects of artemether, halofantrine and artemether-lumefantrine on biochemical indices in the male guinea pig. Half, normal and double therapeutic doses of the drugs were given to different groups of animals (n=5) by oral gavage. After the drug treatments, serum levels of biochemical parameters were measured using standard methods. Artemether significantly (p<0.05) reduced uric acid (UA) level (10.44%), but produced no significant effects on the other parameters measured. Halofantrine and artemether-lumefantrine significantly increased acid phosphatase- ACPT (56.13 and 26.45%) and prostatic acid phosphatase-ACPP (100.00 and 78.95%) respectively, while alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was not affected. In addition, halofantrine and artemether-lumefantrine significantly and dose-dependently decreased UA, while urea and creatinine levels were increased. UA was decreased by 12.15 and 17.92%; urea was increased by 84.42 and 53.25%; and creatinine was increased by 42.15 and 30.25%, respectively. Furthermore, both drugs had no significant effects on serum levels of total protein and cholesterol. The results show that halofantrine and artemether-lumefantrine may cause toxicity to renal and reproductive functions in the male guinea pig, halofantrine likely to cause more of these effects.	ACTs; Artemether-lumefantrine; Biochemical; Halofantrine; Lumefantrine	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34250312147	Localization of auricular projection area of the liver and its use in the monitoring of viral hepatitis	Szopinski J.Z., Lochner G.P., Macura T., Karcz-Socha I., Kasprzyk-Minkner A., Kielan K., Krupa-Jezierska B., Nasiek D.J., Warakomski P.	2006	Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine	26	4	None	Pain Clinic, Mayo Medical Centre of South Africa, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Infectious Diseases, Provincial Teaching Hospital, Tychy, Poland; Department of Internal Medicine, Strzelce Opolskie Regional Hospital, Poland; Provincial Centre for Mother and Child Health Care, Czestochowa, Poland; 1st Department of Psychiatry, Silesian Medical University, Katowice, Poland; Maciejow-Zabre Medical Centre, Zabrze, Poland; Department of Anaesthesia, Newport Hospital, Kingston, RI, United States; Department of Physiology, Silesian Medical University, Zabrze, Poland; P.O. Box 1042, Fontainebleau 2032, South Africa	Szopinski, J.Z., Pain Clinic, Mayo Medical Centre of South Africa, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, P.O. Box 1042, Fontainebleau 2032, South Africa; Lochner, G.P., Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Macura, T., Department of Infectious Diseases, Provincial Teaching Hospital, Tychy, Poland; Karcz-Socha, I., Department of Internal Medicine, Strzelce Opolskie Regional Hospital, Poland; Kasprzyk-Minkner, A., Provincial Centre for Mother and Child Health Care, Czestochowa, Poland; Kielan, K., 1st Department of Psychiatry, Silesian Medical University, Katowice, Poland; Krupa-Jezierska, B., Maciejow-Zabre Medical Centre, Zabrze, Poland; Nasiek, D.J., Department of Anaesthesia, Newport Hospital, Kingston, RI, United States; Warakomski, P., Department of Physiology, Silesian Medical University, Zabrze, Poland	Background: Pathology of an internal organ causes significant rectification of electrical currents (diode phenomenon) in related skin areas once the resistance 'breakthrough effect' has been induced in the skin. Objective: Localization of auricular projection area of the liver and evaluation of its usefulness in the monitoring of viral hepatitis. Design, patients and setting: Comparative study of the degree of electrical rectification measured at various spots in the auricular concha region, in 19 inpatients with hepatitis B and 15 clinically healthy volunteers, at the Department of Infectious Diseases, Provincial Teaching Hospital, Tychy, Poland. Intervention: Evaluation of electrical rectification at various spots on the auricular concha using a "rectification ratio" that quantifies the degree of rectification (normal range: 0-60%). Main outcome measure: The location of the skin area where a statistically significant difference existed between the rectification ratios was observed in patients (82±12% at the time of the 'peak period') versus controls (42±8%). Results: A location was identified on the ear auricle where the electrical rectification phenomenon demonstrated a dependence on the presence of hepatitis. Conclusions: Liver projection area exists on the ear auricle which is located within the region of cymba conchae, next to anthelix and the cavity of concha. The existence of viral hepatitis causes this skin area to show a higher degree of electrical rectification once the skin resistance 'breakthrough effect' has been induced. Evaluation of the rectification phenomenon of the liver projection area provides a method of non-invasive monitoring of viral hepatitis.	Acupuncture point; Organ electrodermal diagnostic (OED); Rectification; Resistance 'breakthrough effect'; Skin resistance	adult; article; clinical article; comparative study; controlled study; device; diagnostic procedure; external ear; female; hepatitis B; hospital patient; human; liver; male; monitoring; non invasive measurement; Poland; skin conductance; statistical significance; volunteer	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84875786184	Performance of rest myocardial perfusion imaging in the management of acute chest pain in the emergency room in developing nations (PREMIER trial)	Better N., Karthikeyan G., Vitola J., Fatima A., Peix A., Novak M.D., Soares Jr. J., Bien V.D., Briones P.O., Vangu M., Soni N., Nguyen A., Dondi M.	2012	Journal of Nuclear Cardiology	19	6	10.1007/s12350-012-9622-x	Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Cardiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India; Quanta Diagnostico and Terapia, Curitiba, Brazil; Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Oncology, Lahore, Pakistan; Institute of Cardiology, La Habana, Cuba; University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Heart Institute, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil; Tran Hung Dao General Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Division of Human Health, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna, Austria	Better, N., Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Cardiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Karthikeyan, G., All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India; Vitola, J., Quanta Diagnostico and Terapia, Curitiba, Brazil; Fatima, A., Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Oncology, Lahore, Pakistan; Peix, A., Institute of Cardiology, La Habana, Cuba; Novak, M.D., University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Soares Jr., J., Heart Institute, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil; Bien, V.D., Tran Hung Dao General Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Briones, P.O., Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Vangu, M., University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Soni, N., University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Nguyen, A., Department of Nuclear Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Dondi, M., Division of Human Health, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna, Austria	Background: Rest myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) is effective in managing patients with acute chest pain in developed countries. We aimed to define the role and feasibility of rest MPI in low-to-middle income countries. Methods and Results: Low-to-intermediate risk patients (n = 356) presenting with chest pain to ten centers in eight developing countries were injected with a Tc-99m-based tracer, and standard imaging was performed. The primary outcome was a composite of death, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), recurrent angina, and coronary revascularization at 30 days. Sixty-nine patients had a positive MPI (19.4%), and 52 patients (14.6%) had a primary outcome event. An abnormal rest-MPI result was the only variable which independently predicted the primary outcome [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 8.19, 95% confidence interval 4.10-16.40, P =.0001]. The association of MPI result and the primary outcome was stronger (adjusted OR 17.35) when only the patients injected during pain were considered. Rest-MPI had a negative predictive value of 92.7% for the primary outcome, improving to 99.3% for the hard event composite of death or MI. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that rest-MPI is a reliable test for ruling out MI when applied to patients in developing countries. © 2012 American Society of Nuclear Cardiology.	acute coronary syndromes; diagnostic and prognostic application; gated SPECT; Myocardial perfusion imaging: SPECT; technetium-99m	technetium 99m; diagnostic agent; methoxy isobutyl isonitrile technetium tc 99m; radiopharmaceutical agent; acute disease; adult; angina pectoris; article; cardiac imaging; cardiovascular mortality; developing country; diagnostic value; differential diagnosis; emergency ward; female; heart infarction; heart muscle revascularization; human; major clinical study; male; multicenter study; myocardial perfusion imaging; outcome assessment; patient coding; predictive value; priority journal; recurrent disease; rest myocardial perfusion imaging; risk assessment; sensitivity and specificity; thorax pain; acute coronary syndrome; developing country; emergency health service; feasibility study; follow up; health; middle aged; pain; rest; scintiscanning; single photon emission computer tomography; thorax pain; Acute Coronary Syndrome; Acute Pain; Chest Pain; Developing Countries; Diagnosis, Differential; Emergency Service, Hospital; Feasibility Studies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardial Perfusion Imaging; Predictive Value of Tests; Radiopharmaceuticals; Rest; Sensitivity and Specificity; Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; World Health	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897546757	Impact of viral load and the duration of primary infection on HIV transmission: Systematic review and meta-analysis	Blaser N., Wettstein C., Estill J., Vizcaya L.S., Wandeler G., Egger M., Keiser O.	2014	AIDS	28	7	10.1097/QAD.0000000000000135	Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Finkenhubelweg 11, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Bern, Switzerland; Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal; School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa	Blaser, N., Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Finkenhubelweg 11, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; Wettstein, C., Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Finkenhubelweg 11, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; Estill, J., Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Finkenhubelweg 11, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; Vizcaya, L.S., Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Finkenhubelweg 11, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; Wandeler, G., Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Finkenhubelweg 11, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland, Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Bern, Switzerland, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal; Egger, M., Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Finkenhubelweg 11, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Keiser, O., Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Finkenhubelweg 11, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland	OBJECTIVES:: HIV 'treatment as prevention' (TasP) describes early treatment of HIV-infected patients intended to reduce viral load and transmission. Crucial assumptions for estimating TasPÊ1/4s effectiveness are the underlying estimates of transmission risk. We aimed to determine transmission risk during primary infection, and describe the relation of HIV transmission risk to viral load. DESIGN:: A systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS:: We searched PubMed and Embase databases for studies that established a relationship between viral load and transmission risk, or primary infection and transmission risk, in serodiscordant couples. We analysed assumptions about the relationship between viral load and transmission risk, and between duration of primary infection and transmission risk. RESULTS:: We found 36 eligible articles, based on six different study populations. Studies consistently found that higher viral loads lead to higher HIV transmission rates, but assumptions about the shape of this increase varied from exponential increase to saturation. The assumed duration of primary infection ranged from 1.5 to 12 months; for each additional month, the log10 transmission rate ratio between primary and asymptomatic infection decreased by 0.40. CONCLUSION:: Assumptions and estimates of the relationship between viral load and transmission risk, and the relationship between primary infection and transmission risk, vary substantially and predictions of TasPÊ1/4s effectiveness should take this uncertainty into account. © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health.	acute disease; HIV; primary infection; systematic review,transmission; treatment as prevention; viral load	article; asymptomatic infection; CD4+ T lymphocyte; disease association; disease duration; disease transmission; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; Human immunodeficiency virus prevalence; primary infection; priority journal; risk assessment; systematic review; virus load; disease transmission; family size; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; meta analysis; statistics and numerical data; time; transmission; virology; Disease Transmission, Infectious; Family Characteristics; HIV Infections; Humans; Risk Assessment; Time Factors; Viral Load	NIAID, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Diseases
Scopus	2-s2.0-84900513802	Evaluation of the acute flacid paralysis (AFP) surveillance System in Bikita district Masvingo Province 2010	Pomerai K.W., Mudyiradima R.F., Tshimanga M., Muchekeza M.	2014	BMC Research Notes	7	1	10.1186/1756-0500-7-252	Department of Community Medicine, University of Zimbabwe, P O Box A178, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe; Provincial Medical Directorate, Masvingo Province, Zimbabwe	Pomerai, K.W., Department of Community Medicine, University of Zimbabwe, P O Box A178, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe; Mudyiradima, R.F., Provincial Medical Directorate, Masvingo Province, Zimbabwe; Tshimanga, M., Department of Community Medicine, University of Zimbabwe, P O Box A178, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe; Muchekeza, M., Department of Community Medicine, University of Zimbabwe, P O Box A178, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe	Background: AFP is a rare syndrome and serves as a proxy for poliomyelitis. The main objective of AFP surveillance is to detect circulating wild polio virus and provide data for developing effective prevention and control strategies as well planning and decision making. Bikita district failed to detect a case for the past two years. Findings. A total of 31 health workers from 14 health centres were interviewed. Health worker knowledge on AFP was low in Bikita. The system was acceptable, flexible, and representative but not stable and not sensitive since it missed1 AFP case. The system was not useful to the district since data collected was not locally used in anyway. The cost of running the system was high. The district had no adequate resources to run the system. Reasons for not reporting cases was that the mothers were not bringing children with AFP and ignorance of health workers on syndromes captured under AFP. Conclusion: Health worker's knowledge on AFP was low and all interviewed workers needed training surveillance. The system was found to be flexible but unacceptable. Reasons for failure to detect AFP cases could be, no cases reporting to the centres, lack of knowledge on health workers hence failure to recognise symptoms, high staff turnover. © 2014 Pomerai et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Acute flacid paralysis; Bikita; Surveillance	acute disease; adult; attitude to health; complication; demography; economics; epidemiology; female; health care cost; health care personnel; health survey; human; male; muscle hypotonia; paralysis; Zimbabwe; Acute Disease; Adult; Demography; Female; Health Care Costs; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Health Personnel; Humans; Male; Muscle Hypotonia; Paralysis; Population Surveillance; Zimbabwe	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84875487932	Evaluation of the Determine™ fourth generation HIV rapid assay	Brauer M., De Villiers J.C., Mayaphi S.H.	2013	Journal of Virological Methods	189	1	10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.01.017	Department of Medical Virology, University of Pretoria, National Health Laboratory Service Tshwane Academic Division, Pathology Building, 5 Bophelo Road, Pretoria, South Africa	Brauer, M., Department of Medical Virology, University of Pretoria, National Health Laboratory Service Tshwane Academic Division, Pathology Building, 5 Bophelo Road, Pretoria, South Africa; De Villiers, J.C., Department of Medical Virology, University of Pretoria, National Health Laboratory Service Tshwane Academic Division, Pathology Building, 5 Bophelo Road, Pretoria, South Africa; Mayaphi, S.H., Department of Medical Virology, University of Pretoria, National Health Laboratory Service Tshwane Academic Division, Pathology Building, 5 Bophelo Road, Pretoria, South Africa	Assays that detect p24 antigen reduce the diagnostic window period of HIV testing. Most point-of-care HIV assays have poor sensitivity to diagnose acute HIV infection as they only detect antibodies against HIV-1 and HIV-2 (HIV-1/2). This was a cross-sectional laboratory-based study that evaluated the performance of the Determine™ HIV-1/2 Ag/Ab Combo fourth generation rapid strip - currently the only rapid assay that detects both HIV-1/2 antibodies and p24 antigen. A total of 79 serum specimens (29 positive for HIV antibodies only, 14 positive for HIV antibodies and p24 antigen, 20 HIV-negative, and 16 positive for p24 antigen only) were used for the evaluation. Results were compared with those from validated fourth generation HIV ELISAs. The Determine™ Combo rapid strips had a sensitivity of 90.7% and a specificity of 100% for the detection of HIV-1/2 antibodies. Its sensitivity for the detection of p24 antigen was only 10% (3 out of 30 p24 antigen positive specimens). This implies that most acute HIV infections will be missed with this assay. The need for a point-of-care assay which can detect acute HIV infection reliably still remains, particularly for use in a high prevalence setting such as South Africa. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.	Acute; Fourth generation test; HIV; Rapid; Seroconversion	antigen p24; Human immunodeficiency virus 1 antibody; Human immunodeficiency virus 2antibody; Human immunodeficiency virus antibody; unclassified drug; antigen detection; article; controlled study; diagnostic accuracy; diagnostic test accuracy study; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; HIV test; human; human cell; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; intermethod comparison; point of care testing; priority journal; sensitivity and specificity; validity; virus detection; Cross-Sectional Studies; HIV Antibodies; HIV Antigens; HIV Core Protein p24; HIV Infections; HIV Seropositivity; HIV-1; HIV-2; Humans; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Human immunodeficiency virus 2	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77950485827	The impact of early standard therapy on dyspnoea in patients with acute heart failure: The URGENT-dyspnoea study	Mebazaa A., Pang P.S., Tavares M., Collins S.P., Storrow A.B., Laribi S., Andre S., Mark Courtney D., Hasa J., Spinar J., Masip J., Frank Peacock W., Sliwa K., Gayat E., Filippatos G., Cleland J.G.F., Gheorghiade M.	2010	European Heart Journal	31	7	10.1093/eurheartj/ehp458	Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Paris Diderot, Hopital Lariboisiere, Paris, France; Department of Emergency Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 259 E Erie St, Chicago, IL, 60611, United States; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hospital Geral de Santo Antó Nio, Porto, Portugal; Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States; Department of Emergency Medicine, INSERM U942, Lariboisiere Hospital, Paris, France; Chef de Clinique des Universités-Assistant des Hô Pitaux, Université Paris Decartes, Hô Pital Cochin, Paris, France; Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States; University Hospital Brno, Internal Cardiology Department, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Hospital Dos de Maig, University of Barcelona, Spain; Department of Emergency Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States; Soweto Cardiovascular Research Unit, CH Baragwanath Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Cardiology, Heart Failure Unit, Athens University Hospital, Attikon, Greece; Department of Cardiology, University of Hull, Kingstonupon-Hull, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States	Mebazaa, A., Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Paris Diderot, Hopital Lariboisiere, Paris, France; Pang, P.S., Department of Emergency Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 259 E Erie St, Chicago, IL, 60611, United States, Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States; Tavares, M., Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Paris Diderot, Hopital Lariboisiere, Paris, France, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hospital Geral de Santo Antó Nio, Porto, Portugal; Collins, S.P., Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Storrow, A.B., Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States; Laribi, S., Department of Emergency Medicine, INSERM U942, Lariboisiere Hospital, Paris, France; Andre, S., Chef de Clinique des Universités-Assistant des Hô Pitaux, Université Paris Decartes, Hô Pital Cochin, Paris, France; Mark Courtney, D., Department of Emergency Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 259 E Erie St, Chicago, IL, 60611, United States; Hasa, J., Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Spinar, J., University Hospital Brno, Internal Cardiology Department, Brno, Czech Republic; Masip, J., Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Hospital Dos de Maig, University of Barcelona, Spain; Frank Peacock, W., Department of Emergency Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States; Sliwa, K., Soweto Cardiovascular Research Unit, CH Baragwanath Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Gayat, E., Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Paris Diderot, Hopital Lariboisiere, Paris, France; Filippatos, G., Department of Cardiology, Heart Failure Unit, Athens University Hospital, Attikon, Greece; Cleland, J.G.F., Department of Cardiology, University of Hull, Kingstonupon-Hull, United Kingdom; Gheorghiade, M., Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States	AimsThe vast majority of acute heart failure (AHF) trials to date have targeted dyspnoea. However, they enrolled patients relatively late and did not standardize their methods of dyspnoea measurement. URGENT Dyspnoea was designed to determine changes in dyspnoea in response to initial, standard therapy in patients presenting with AHF using a standardized approach.Methods and resultsURGENT Dyspnoea was an international, multi-centre, observational cohort study of AHF patients managed conventionally and enrolled within 1 h of first hospital medical evaluation. Patient-assessed dyspnoea was recorded in the sitting position at baseline and at 6 hours by Likert and visual analog scales. Less symptomatic patients were placed supine to determine whether this provoked worsening dyspnoea (orthopnoea). Of the 524 patients with AHF, the mean age was 68 years, 43 were women, and 83 received intravenous diuretics. On a 5-point Likert scale, dyspnoea improvement was reported by 76 of patients after 6 h of standard therapy. Supine positioning (orthopnoea test) led to worse dyspnoea in 47 of patients compared to sitting upright.ConclusionWhen sitting upright, dyspnoea in the sitting position improves rapidly and substantially in patients with AHF after administration of conventional therapy, mainly intra-venous diuretics. However, many patients remain orthopnoeic. Improving the methodology of clinical trials in AHF by standardizing the conditions under which dyspnoea is assessed could enhance their ability to identify effective treatments. Relief of orthopnoea is clinically valuable and may represent a useful goal for clinical trials.	Acute heart failure; Dyspnoea; Orthopnoea	acetylsalicylic acid; adrenalin; aldosterone antagonist; angiotensin receptor antagonist; beta adrenergic receptor blocking agent; calcium channel blocking agent; clopidogrel; digoxin; dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase inhibitor; diuretic agent; dobutamine; dopamine; enoximone; glyceryl trinitrate; hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor; inotropic agent; levosimendan; loop diuretic agent; milrinone; nesiritide; nitrate; nitroprusside sodium; noradrenalin; vasodilator agent; warfarin; diuretic agent; acute disease; adult; aged; article; body position; cardiovascular disease; cohort analysis; disease exacerbation; diuretic therapy; dyspnea; female; heart failure; human; hypercholesterolemia; hypertension; major clinical study; male; observational study; oxygen therapy; patient compliance; priority journal; prospective study; provocation test; supine position; treatment response; visual analog scale; body posture; clinical trial; dyspnea; emergency health service; heart failure; hospitalization; middle aged; multicenter study; patient positioning; very elderly; Acute Disease; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diuretics; Dyspnea; Emergency Service, Hospital; Female; Heart Failure; Hospitalization; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Patient Positioning; Posture; Prospective Studies	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33644769053	Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory properties of Chlorophora excelsa stem bark extract	Olajide O.A., Kolawole O.T., Fagbohun T.R., Ajayi F.F.	2005	Pharmaceutical Biology	43	9	10.1080/13880200500406388	Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacology, College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Nigeria; Department of Physiology, Olabisi O	Olajide, O.A., Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Kolawole, O.T., Department of Pharmacology, College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Nigeria; Fagbohun, T.R., Department of Physiology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ikenne Campus, Nigeria; Ajayi, F.F., Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Nigeria	A methanol extract of the stem bark of Chlorophora excelsa (Welw.) Benth and Hook was evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity in different models. Acute inflammatory effects were studied in the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema, and the effect of the extract in chronic inflammation was evaluated using the cotton pellet granuloma test. The effect of the extract on topical inflammation induced with croton oil was also tested in mice. The extract produced a significant (p. < 0.05) and dose-dependent inhibition of the carrageenan-induced pedal edema, as well as granuloma tissue formation in rats. Topical anti-inflammatory effect was only evident with 400 mg/kg of the extract. This study demonstrated acute, chronic, and topical anti-inflammatory properties of the methanol extract of C. excelsa. © 2005 Taylor & Francis Ltd.	Acute inflammation; Anti-inflammatory; Chlorophora excelsa; Chronic inflammation; Extract; Topical inflammation	antiinflammatory agent; carrageenan; Chlorophora excelsa extract; croton oil; hydrocortisone; indometacin; methanol; plant extract; unclassified drug; animal experiment; animal model; antiinflammatory activity; article; Chlorophora excelsa; chronic inflammation; controlled study; dose response; drug isolation; drug screening; granuloma; inflammation; male; medicinal plant; mouse; nonhuman; paw edema; tree; tree trunk; Animalia; Chlorophora excelsa; Gossypium hirsutum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84873441546	Evaluation of the antinociceptive activities of the aqueous root extract of Alchornea cordifolia (Schumach and Thonn) Müll. Arg. (Euphorbiaceace)	Ishola I.O., Ashorobi R.B., Adeoluwa O.	2012	International Journal of Applied Research in Natural Products	5	3	None	Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos Nigeria. P.M.B12003 Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria	Ishola, I.O., Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos Nigeria. P.M.B12003 Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria; Ashorobi, R.B., Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos Nigeria. P.M.B12003 Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria; Adeoluwa, O., Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos Nigeria. P.M.B12003 Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria	Alchornea cordifolia (Schumach and Thonn) Müll. Arg. (Euphorbiaceace) is used in traditional African medicine for the treatment of painful and inflammatory disorders. This study was carried out to investigate the antinociceptive effect of aqueous root extract of Alchornea cordifolia in mice. The antinociceptive activity of the oral doses of 100 - 400 mg/kg of Alchornea cordifolia was assessed using the acetic acid-induced mouse writhing reflex, formalin-induced paw licking, hot plate and tail clip models of pain.The extract (100-400 mg/kg) produced significant (P< 0.05) dose dependent inhibition of writhing reflex as well as significant dose-dependent inhibition of the neurogenic and inflammatory pains associated with the formalin test. The formalin test result showed that the extract (100-400 mg/kg, p.o) increased pain threshold in a dose dependent manner in both phases but the effect is more prominent against the inflammatory phase (second phase).This findings showed that A.cordifolia possesses both central and peripheral analgesic activity, as shown by its ability to significantly (p<0.05) inhibit nociceptive response associated with both phases. The ability of the oral doses of the extract (100-400 mg/kg) to prolonged the reaction time of the animals to noxious heat in hot plate and tail clip models of pain, in a dose dependent manner suggests a central analgesic effect. Acute toxicity studies of oral doses of aqueous root extract of Alchornea cordifolia in mice revealed that it has a wide margin of safety as it well tolerated by the animals.The results of the study suggest an analgesic property demonstrated by the aqueous root extract of Alchornea cordifolia possibly mediated by central and peripheral mechanisms and thus confirm the folkloric uses of the plant in painful disorders. Industrial relevance. In the recent past there has been a growing interest in Traditional medicine/Complementary and Alternative Medicine (TCAM) and their relevance to public health both in developed and developing countries. Diversity, flexibility, easy accessibility, broad continuing acceptance in developing countries and increasing popularity in developed countries, relative low cost, low levels of technological input, relative low side effects and growing economic importance are some of the positive features of traditional medicine. In this context, there is a critical need to mainstream traditional medicine into public health care to achieve the objective of improved access to healthcare facilities. Medicinal plants are largely used worldwide by the population and have proved to be a rich source of new active compounds, especially to treat pain and inflammatory processes. Alchornea cordifolia could be a potential source of cheap phytotherapeutic in the management of painful disorders. © 2012. IJARNP-HS Publication.	Acute toxicity; Alchornea cordifolia; Hot plate; Mouse writhing; Tail clip	acetic acid; acetylsalicylic acid; alchornea cordifolia extract; antinociceptive agent; formaldehyde; morphine; plant extract; unclassified drug; analgesia; analgesic activity; animal experiment; animal model; antinociception; aqueous solution; article; controlled study; dose response; drug dose comparison; drug safety; drug screening; drug tolerability; female; hot plate test; inflammatory pain; licking; male; mouse; neuropathy; nociceptive pain; nonhuman; pain threshold; phytotherapy; plant root; reaction time; toxicity testing; treatment response; writhing test	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77958022441	Evaluation of the anticonvulsant activity of Zanthoxylum capense (Thunb.) Harv. (Rutaceae) in mice	Amabeoku G.J., Kinyua C.G.	2010	International Journal of Pharmacology	6	6	None	Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of the Western, Cape, Private Bag XI7, Bellville 7535, South Africa	Amabeoku, G.J., Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of the Western, Cape, Private Bag XI7, Bellville 7535, South Africa; Kinyua, C.G., Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of the Western, Cape, Private Bag XI7, Bellville 7535, South Africa	The anticonvulsant activity of Zanthoxylum capense (Thunb.) Harv. (Rutaceae) was investigated by studying the effects of the leaf methanol and aqueous extracts on seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole, bicuculline, picrotoxin, N-methyl-DL-aspartic acid and strychnine in mice. Both methanol and aqueous extracts of Z. capense significantly antagonized (p&lt;0.05-0.005) seizures induced by pentylenetrazole (PTZ), picrotoxin and strychnine. Methanol extract of Z. capense significantly antagonized (p&lt;0.05) bicuculline-induced seizures while the aqueous extract significantly delayed (p&lt;0.001) the onset of the seizures. Both methanol and aqueous extracts of the plant species significantly delayed (p&lt;0.05-0.005) the onset of N-methyl-DL-aspartic acid (NMDLA)-induced seizures. Phenobarbitone and diazepam significantly antagonized (p&lt;0.001) seizures induced by PTZ, bicuculline and picrotoxin but did not alter NMDLA-induced seizures. Phenobarbitone significantly attenuated (p&lt;0.01) strychnine-induced seizures. Phenytoin or dimethylsulfoxide did not alter the seizures induced either by PTZ, bicuculline, picrotoxin, NMDLA or strychnine to any extent. The LD 50 value obtained following oral administration of both the leaf aqueous and methanol extracts of Z. capense was above 3200 mg kg -1 and that obtained after intraperitoneal administration was 283.6 mg kg -1. The phytochemical analysis of the plant species revealed the presence of alkaloids, triterpene steroids, reducing sugars, saponins, tannins and quinones. The data obtained indicate that the leaf methanol and aqueous extracts of Z. capense have anticonvulsant activity which may probably involve both GABAergic, glutaminergic and glycinergic mechanisms. The relatively high LD 50 value obtained following oral administration of the plant extract shows that it is non-toxic and /or safe in mice. © 2010 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Acute toxicity; Anticonvulsant activity; Leaf methanol and aqueous extracts; Phytochemical qualitative analysis; Rutaceae; Zanthoxylum capense	alkaloid derivative; anticonvulsive agent; bicuculline; diazepam; dimethyl sulfoxide; gardenyl; methanol; n methylaspartic acid; pentetrazole; phenobarbital; phenytoin; picrotoxin; plant extract; quinone derivative; saponin derivative; steroid; strychnine; tannin derivative; triterpene; unclassified drug; Zanthoxylum capense extract; acute toxicity; animal experiment; animal model; anticonvulsant activity; article; controlled study; drug safety; drug screening; GABAergic transmission; high performance liquid chromatography; LD 50; male; mouse; nonhuman; phytochemistry; plant leaf; qualitative analysis; Rutaceae; seizure; toxicity testing; Zanthoxylum; Zanthoxylum capense	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77950253551	Evaluation of the effects of Olea europaea L. subsp. africana (Mill.) P.S. Green (Oleaceae) leaf methanol extract against castor oil-induced diarrhoea in mice	Amabeoku G.J., Bamuamba K.	2010	Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology	62	3	10.1211/jpp.62.03.0012	Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa	Amabeoku, G.J., Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; Bamuamba, K., Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa	Objectives Olea europaea L. subsp. africana (Mill.) P.S. Green is widely used in South Africa by traditional medicine practitioners to treat diarrhoea. However, little is known scientifically about this South African species in the treatment of diarrhoea. The main aim of the study therefore was to investigate the antidiarrhoeal effect of the leaf methanol extract of the plant species in mice. Methods The antidiarrhoeal activity of the leaf methanol extract of O. europaea subsp. africana was studied using a castor oil-induced diarrhoeal test. The antipropulsive activity of the plant extract was also investigated using the charcoal meal transit test. Standard methods were used to investigate the acute toxicity and effect of O. europaea subsp. africana on castor oil-induced intraluminal fluid accumulation. Results Leaf methanol extract of O. europaea subsp. africana and loperamide, a standard antidiarrhoeal drug, significantly reduced the number of diarrhoeal episodes induced by castor oil, significantly decreased the stool mass, significantly delayed the onset of the diarrhoea and protected the animals against castor oil-induced diarrhoea. Both O. europaea subsp. africana and loperamide significantly decreased the gastrointestinal transit of charcoal meal and castor oil-induced intraluminal fluid accumulation in mice. The LD50 value was found to be 3475 mg/kg (p.o.). Conclusions The results obtained suggest that the leaf methanol extract of O. europaea subsp. africana has an antidiarrhoeal property and that, given orally, it may be non-toxic and/or safe in mice. © 2010 The Authors Journal compilation © 2010 Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain.	Acute toxicity; Antidiarrhoeal activity; Leaf methanol extract; Olea europaea subsp. africana; Oleaceae	antidiarrheal agent; castor oil; loperamide; methanol extract; Olea europaea extract; plant extract; unclassified drug; animal experiment; animal model; article; controlled study; diarrhea; drug effect; gastrointestinal transit; high performance liquid chromatography; intestine fluid; male; mouse; nonhuman; plant leaf; Animals; Antidiarrheals; Castor Oil; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Diarrhea; Feces; Gastrointestinal Contents; Gastrointestinal Transit; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Medicine, African Traditional; Methanol; Mice; Olea; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Time Factors	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650137011	Synthesis and biological evaluation of some pyridine derivatives as antimicrobial agents	Hussen D.A., Bekhit A.A., Hymete A.	2009	Ethiopian Pharmaceutical Journal	27	2	None	Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 1871, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt	Hussen, D.A., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 1871, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Bekhit, A.A., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt; Hymete, A., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	In this study, several pyridine derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus), Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), and fungi (Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans). The intermediate chalcone derivatives 2a,b were synthesized by condensation of pyrazole aldehydes 1a,b with acetophenone in alcoholic KOH. Cylization of 2a,b with ethyl cyanoacetate and ammonium acetate resulted in pyridine carbonitrile derivatives 3a,b. Furthermore, condensation of pyridine-4-carboxaldeyde, 4 with different amino-derivatives gave rise to pyridine derivatives 5a,b, 6a,b. The oxadiazole derivative 7a was prepared by cylization of 6a with acetic anhydride. Characterization of the synthesized compound was performed using IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectra and elemental microanalyses. The antimicrobial test results revealed that compounds 5a, 6b and 7a (MIC = 50 μg/ml) exhibited half fold antibacterial activity compared to ampicillin (MIC = 25 μg/ml), against B. cereus. On the other hand, compound 3b (MIC = 25 μg/ml) showed an equivalent activity compared to miconazole (MIC = 25 μg/ml) against C. albicans and to clotrimazole (MIC = 100 μg/ml) against the clinical isolate C. albicans 6647. Moreover, this compound was further tested for its acute toxicity profile. The results showed that its oral and parentral LD50s are more than 300 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg, respectively. Therefore, compound 3b is a good candidate as antifungal agent with good acute toxicity profile, and deserves more investigation to find out its mechanism of action and bioavailability.	Acute toxicity; Antifungal; in vitro antibacterial; Pyridine derivatives; Synthesis	1 (4 chlorophenyl) 3 phenyl 4 (3 penyl 3 oxophenyl) 1h pyrazole; 1 (4 chlorophenyl) 4 formyl 3 phenyl 1h pyrazole; 1 (4 methylphenyl) 3 phenyl 4 (3 penyl 3 oxophenyl) 1h pyrazole; 1 (4 methylphenyl) 4 formyl 3 phenyl 1h pyrazole; 2 phenoxy n' [(pyridin 4 yl)methylene]acetohydrazide; 2 phenyl 1 [(4 pyridinyl)methylene]hydrazine; 2,5 (dipyridin 4 yl) 1,3,4 oxadiazole; 6 phenyl 4 (3 phenyl 1 4 chlorophenyl 1h pyrazolyl) 2 oxo 1,2 dihydropyridine 3 carbonitrile; 6 phenyl 4 (3 phenyl 1 4 methylphenyl 1h pyrazolyl) 2 oxo 1,2 dihydropyridine 3 carbonitrile; acetic acid derivative; acetophenone; aldehyde derivative; ammonium acetate; ampicillin; antiinfective agent; chalcone; clotrimazole; cyanide; ethylcyanoacetate; miconazole; n [(4 pyridinyl)methylene] 4,4' diaminobiphenyl; n' [(pyridin 4 yl)methylene] isonicotinohydrazide; oxadiazole derivative; pyrazole aldehyde; pyrazole derivative; pyridine 4 carboxaldeyde; pyridine carbonitrile derivative; pyridine derivative; unclassified drug; animal experiment; antifungal activity; antimicrobial activity; article; Aspergillus niger; Bacillus cereus; Biginelli reaction; Candida albicans; carbon nuclear magnetic resonance; cyclization; drug activity; drug structure; drug synthesis; Escherichia coli; female; isolation procedure; male; microanalysis; minimum inhibitory concentration; mouse; nonhuman; proton nuclear magnetic resonance; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus aureus; substitution reaction; synthesis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84867604172	Evaluation of acute and sub-chronic oral toxicity study Of Baker Cleansers Bitters - a polyherbal drug on experimental rats	Patrick-Iwuanyanwu K.C., Amadi U., Charles I.A., Ayalogu E.O.	2012	EXCLI Journal	11	None	None	Toxicology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323 Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria	Patrick-Iwuanyanwu, K.C., Toxicology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323 Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria; Amadi, U., Toxicology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323 Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria; Charles, I.A., Toxicology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323 Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria; Ayalogu, E.O., Toxicology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323 Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria	Baker Cleanser Bitters (BCB) - a polyherbal formula commonly used in the treatment of diabetes, liver cirrhosis, kidney failure, rheumatism and arthritis was evaluated in an acute and sub-chronic toxicity study in Wistar albino rats. A single administration of BCB was given orally at the highest dose level of 2000 mg/kg body weight in the acute toxicity study. Signs of toxicity were observed every hour for the first 6 h and every day for 7 days. In the subchronic oral toxicity study, BCB was administered to rats at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight for 28 days. Mortalities, clinical signs, body weight changes, biochemical and haematological parameters were monitored during the study period. There were no mortalities or clinical signs observed in rats in the acute toxicity study. In the sub-chronic study in rats, daily oral administration of BCB at the dose of 200 mg/kg body weight resulted in a drop in percentage increase in body weight at the end of the 4th week. Alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST), fasting blood sugar and packed cell volume (PCV) decreased significantly (p≤0.05) whereas alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and platelets increased significantly (p≤0.05) when compared to control. The high noobserved adverse effects level (NOAEL) value of 2000 mg/kg body weight implies that the drug could be safe. The study also revealed that the polyherbal drug may have good hypoglycemic effects and favourable reducing effects on the cardiovascular risk factors and explains the basis for the continual use of this plant by traditional medical practitioners.	Acute toxicity; Baker Cleanser Bitters; Polyherbal formula; Sub-chronic toxicity	alanine aminotransferase; alkaline phosphatase; aspartate aminotransferase; baker cleanser bitter; glucose; herbaceous agent; lactate dehydrogenase; unclassified drug; Acinos ravens; alanine aminotransferase blood level; alkaline phosphatase blood level; Aloe vera; animal cell; animal experiment; animal model; antidiabetic activity; article; aspartate aminotransferase blood level; cardiovascular risk; Chenopodium; Chenopodium murale; Cinnamomum cassia; controlled study; drug safety; female; glucose blood level; hematocrit; lactate dehydrogenase blood level; LD 50; lime (fruit); male; medicinal plant; mortality; nonhuman; rat; single drug dose; thrombocyte count; toxicity testing; weight change; weight gain; weight reduction	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930023183	Evaluation of toxicity potential of process water using fish acute toxicity and micronucleus tests	Olorunfemi D.I., Olomukoro J.O., Anani O.A.	2015	Studia Universitatis Vasile Goldis Arad, Seria Stiintele Vietii	25	1	None	Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Life Sciences University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Life Sciences University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	Olorunfemi, D.I., Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Life Sciences University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Olomukoro, J.O., Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Life Sciences University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Anani, O.A., Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Life Sciences University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	In this study, the potential toxicity of process wastewater from oil and gas exploration in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria was investigated on Clarias gariepinus juveniles using a renewable static bioassay with continuous aeration to determine its acute toxicity. Physicochemical analysis of the wastewater showed that it characterised by a foul odour, was slightly alkaline (pH 7.72) and had high values of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and conductivity (100.20 mg/L and 2793.33 μS/cm) respectively. Lead, chromium and nickel were present at amounts above national (FEPA, NESREA) and international (USEPA) set limits for effluent discharge. The LC<inf>50</inf> value obtained for the fish juveniles exposed to various concentrations of the wastewater for 96 hrs under laboratory conditions was 4.45 ml/L with lower and upper limits being 4.11 ml/L and 7.847 ml/L respectively. Toxicosis symptoms observed includes loss of balance, respiratory distress, vertical and erratic movement and death. The fishes were exposed to 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, and 10 ml/L (v/v; wastewater/tap water) for 28 days to evaluate the genotoxic effect of the wastewater using the micronucleus test on peripheral blood erythrocytes. The process wastewater induced significant (p<0.05) concentration-dependent increase in micronuclei, binucleated, notched nuclei and immature erythrocytes in C. gariepinus which were considered as cytogenetic damage indicators. Results of this study showed that the tested wastewater was a potential cyto-genotoxic agent and could induce adverse health effects in exposed individuals. © 2015 Vasile Goldis University Press.	Acute toxicity; Clarias gariepinus; Micronucleus; Niger delta; Process water	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84865180945	Toxicity study and evaluation of biochemical markers towards the identification of the causative agent for an outbreak of liver disease in Tahtay Koraro Woreda, Tigray	Debella A., Abebe D., Tekabe F., Mamo H., Abebe A., Tsegaye B., Ayana G., Degefa A., Negussie P., Yimer E., Challa F., Lemma E., Tefera A., Mekonnen Y., Afework N., Mudie K., Tadele A., Kidanemariam T., Muchie B., Dadi N.	2012	Ethiopian Medical Journal	50	None	None	Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, P. O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Drug Administration and Control Authority, Quality Control and Toxicology Laboratory, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Debella, A., Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, P. O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Abebe, D., Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, P. O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Tekabe, F., Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, P. O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Mamo, H., Drug Administration and Control Authority, Quality Control and Toxicology Laboratory, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Abebe, A., Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, P. O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Tsegaye, B., Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, P. O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Ayana, G., Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, P. O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Degefa, A., Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, P. O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Negussie, P., Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, P. O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Yimer, E., Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, P. O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Challa, F., Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, P. O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Lemma, E., Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, P. O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Tefera, A., Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, P. O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Mekonnen, Y., Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, P. O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Afework, N., Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, P. O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Mudie, K., Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, P. O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Tadele, A., Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, P. O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Kidanemariam, T., Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, P. O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Muchie, B., Drug Administration and Control Authority, Quality Control and Toxicology Laboratory, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Dadi, N., Drug Administration and Control Authority, Quality Control and Toxicology Laboratory, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Background: A team of experts of the Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa University reported the emergence of unidentified fatal liver disease in Tahtay Koraro Woreda, Tigray in the mid of December 2005. The EHNRI has been then instructed to investigate the possible etiological agent that are likely to be responsible in triggering the health problem and a field survey team consisting of experts were went to the affected area to investigate the situations surrounding the disease. Objectives: This investigation was conducted to determine the possible etiological agent(s) for the stated health problem in the affected village. Method: Acute toxicity study was performed on animal model for the various samples used in human consumption, which was followed by histopathological examination of the liver of the sacrificed laboratory animals. In order to facilitate the elucidation of the causative agent for the alleged health problem further tests for clinical markers and antigens were also performed on the serum collected from affected persons. Result: Neither death nor toxic symptoms manifestations were observed on laboratory animals when feeding the consumable samples for a period of two weeks, however histopathological examination of the liver of the sacrificed animals that were given the unprotected pond water and Tela samples from the affected village as a drink revealed severe hepatoic necrosis. Biochemical test results of the serum samples revealed raised level of some clinical markers that are highly significant for detecting liver abnormality of toxic origin. Serological test for surface antigen ruled out the possible causes of infectious origin such as viral hepatitis. Conclusion: The overall results confirmed that the causative agent for the outbreak of the liver disease was of toxic origin rather than due to infectious agent and this was found to be associated with consumption of contaminated water as well as Tela.	Acute toxicity; Clinical markers; Etiological agent; Histopathogy; Liver disease	biological marker; animal; animal model; article; epidemic; Ethiopia; evaluation; female; human; liver disease; male; statistics; water pollution; Animals; Biological Markers; Disease Outbreaks; Ethiopia; Female; Humans; Liver Diseases; Male; Models, Animal; Water Pollution	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84943809362	Evaluation of the safety, gastroprotective activity and mechanism of action of standardised leaves infusion extract of Copaifera malmei Harms	Adzu B., Balogun S.O., Pavan E., Ascêncio S.D., Soares I.M., Aguiar R.W.S., Ribeiro R.V., Beserra Â.M.S.E.S., De Oliveira R.G., Da Silva L.I., Damazo A.S., Martins D.T.D.O.	2015	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	175	None	10.1016/j.jep.2015.09.027	Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av.Fer- nando Correada Costa, no.2367-Boa Esperança, Cuiabá-MT, Brazil; Área de Histologia, Departamento de Ciências Básica	Adzu, B., Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av.Fer- nando Correada Costa, no.2367-Boa Esperança, Cuiabá-MT, Brazil, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD), Abuja, Nigeria; Balogun, S.O., Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av.Fer- nando Correada Costa, no.2367-Boa Esperança, Cuiabá-MT, Brazil; Pavan, E., Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av.Fer- nando Correada Costa, no.2367-Boa Esperança, Cuiabá-MT, Brazil; Ascêncio, S.D., Laboratório de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais, Curso de Medicina, Universidade Federal Do Tocantins (UFT), Palmas, Brazil; Soares, I.M., Laboratório de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais, Curso de Medicina, Universidade Federal Do Tocantins (UFT), Palmas, Brazil; Aguiar, R.W.S., Departamento da Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal Do Tocantins (UFT), Gurupi, Brazil; Ribeiro, R.V., Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av.Fer- nando Correada Costa, no.2367-Boa Esperança, Cuiabá-MT, Brazil; Beserra, Â.M.S.E.S., Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av.Fer- nando Correada Costa, no.2367-Boa Esperança, Cuiabá-MT, Brazil; De Oliveira, R.G., Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av.Fer- nando Correada Costa, no.2367-Boa Esperança, Cuiabá-MT, Brazil; Da Silva, L.I., Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av.Fer- nando Correada Costa, no.2367-Boa Esperança, Cuiabá-MT, Brazil; Damazo, A.S., Área de Histologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, Brazil; Martins, D.T.D.O., Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av.Fer- nando Correada Costa, no.2367-Boa Esperança, Cuiabá-MT, Brazil	Ethnopharmacological relevance Copaifera malmei Harms (Fabaceae) is a plant that occurs in the central region of Brazil, where the plant's leaves infusion is popularly used to treat gastric ulcer and inflammatory diseases. This study was aimed to investigate the gastroprotective activity and mode of action of the plants' leaves infusion in order to establish the scientific basis for such usage, and to assess its potential as a source of an anti-ulcer agent. Materials and methods Leaves infusion extract of the plant (SIECm) was prepared, freeze dried and lyophilised. Its qualitative and quantitative phytochemical constituents were investigated using TLC and HPLC techniques. The safety profile was evaluated on CHO-k1 epithelial cells viability using the Alamar blue assay, and by acute toxicity test in mice. The gastroprotection and anti-ulcer efficacy of the SIECm (25, 100 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) were tested using acute (acidified ethanol, piroxicam and water restrain stress), and chronic (acetic acid) experimental ulcer models. The plausible mode of action of the SIECm was assessed using gastric secretion, gastric barrier mucus, nitric oxide, and its antioxidant (myeloperoxidase and catalase) effects in mice and rats. The histopathological analyses of the ulcerated tissues as well as the extract's activity on Helicobacter pylori were also investigated. Results Phytochemical tests indicated the presence of mainly phytosterols, phenolics and flavonoids. The SIECm exhibited no cytotoxic effects on the CHO-k1 cells, and no oral acute toxicity in mice. It prevented against the acute induced ulcerations by enhancing gastroprotection through gastric mucus production, NO modulation, antioxidant, reduced gastric secretion and enhanced chronic ulcers healing process, as shown by reduction/prevention of epithelial and vascular damage, in addition to reduction in leucocyte infiltration. The SIECm however did not exhibit activity against H. pylori. Conclusion The SIECm is safe, contain useful phytochemicals and exhibited significant gastroprotective/anti-ulcer effects. The results justify its folkloric usage, and provided scientific evidence of its potential as a source of new phytodrug to treat gastric ulcers. © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	Acute toxicity; Copaifera malmei; Gastroprotection; Leaves infusion; Phytochemicals	acetic acid; alcohol; antiulcer agent; carbenoxolone; catalase; catechin; copaifera malmei extract; ellagic acid; flavonoid; gallic acid; myeloperoxidase; nitric oxide; phenol derivative; phytosterol; piroxicam; plant extract; quercetin; rutoside; unclassified drug; water; acute toxicity; adult; analytic method; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; antioxidant activity; antiulcer activity; Article; blood vessel injury; cell viability; CHO cell line; clinical assessment; controlled study; Copaifera malmei; drug efficacy; drug mechanism; drug safety; drug screening; epithelium cell; experimental mouse; experimental rat; Fabaceae; freeze drying; Helicobacter pylori; high performance liquid chromatography; histopathology; immobilization stress; infusion; lymphocytic infiltration; lyophilisate; medicinal plant; mouse; nonhuman; plant leaf; qualitative analysis; quantitative analysis; rat; resazurin assay; single drug dose; stomach lesion; stomach mucus; stomach protection; stomach secretion; stomach ulcer; thin layer chromatography; ulcer healing; water restraint stress	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67049144187	Estimating the public health impact of the effect of herpes simplex virus suppressive therapy on plasma HIV-1 viral load	Baggaley R.F., Griffin J.T., Chapman R., Hollingsworth T.D., Nagot N., Delany S., Mayaud P., De Wolf F., Fraser C., Ghani A.C., Weiss H.A.	2009	AIDS	23	8	10.1097/QAD.0b013e32832aadf2	MRC Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; lnfectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Universite Montpellier 1, EA 4205 Transmission, Pathogenese et Prevention de I'infection par le VIH, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Reproductive Health and HIV Research Unit, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Clinical Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; HIV Monitoring Foundation, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom	Baggaley, R.F., MRC Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, United Kingdom, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom; Griffin, J.T., MRC Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Chapman, R., lnfectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Hollingsworth, T.D., MRC Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Nagot, N., Universite Montpellier 1, EA 4205 Transmission, Pathogenese et Prevention de I'infection par le VIH, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Delany, S., Reproductive Health and HIV Research Unit, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Mayaud, P., Clinical Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; De Wolf, F., HIV Monitoring Foundation, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Fraser, C., MRC Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Ghani, A.C., MRC Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Weiss, H.A., lnfectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom	Objective: Trials of herpes simplex virus (HSV) suppressive therapy among HSV-2/ HIV-1-infected individuals have reported an impact on plasma HIV-1 viral loads (PVLs). Our aim was to estimate the population-level impact of suppressive therapy on female-to-male HIV-1 sexual transmission. Design and methods: By comparing prerandomization and postrandomization individual-level PVL data from the first two HSV suppressive therapy randomized controlled trials in sub-Saharan Africa, we estimated the effect of treatment on duration of asymptomatic infection and number of HIV-1 transmission events for each trial. Results: Assuming that a reduction in PVL is accompanied by an increased duration of HIV-1 asymptomatic infection, 4-6 years of HSV suppressive therapy produce a 1 -year increase in the duration of this stage. To avert one HIV-1 transmission requires 8.8 [95% confidence interval (Cl), 5.9-14.9] and 11.4 (95% Cl, 7.8-27.5) women to be treated from halfway through their HIV-1 asymptomatic period, using results from Burkina Faso and South African trials, respectively. Regardless of the timing of treatment initiation, 51.6 (95% Cl, 30.4-137.0) and 66.5 (95% Cl, 36.7-222.6) treatment-years are required to avert one HIV-1 infection. Distributions of set-point PVL values from sub-Saharan African populations suggest that unintended adverse consequences of therapy at the population level (i.e. increased HIV-1 transmission due to increased duration of infection) are unlikely to occur in these settings. Conclusion: HSV suppressive therapy may avert relatively few HIV-1 transmission events per person-year of treatment. Its use as a prevention intervention may be limited; however, further research into its effect on rate of CD4 cell count decline and the impact of higher dosing schedules is warranted. © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.	Acyclovir; Herpes simplex virus type 2; HIV; Suppressive therapy; Transmission; Valacyclovir; Viral load	immunosuppressive agent; article; clinical trial; controlled clinical trial; disease duration; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; priority journal; public health; randomized controlled trial; sexual transmission; treatment duration; virus load; Africa South of the Sahara; Antiviral Agents; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Female; Herpes Genitalis; Herpesvirus 2, Human; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Male; Public Health; RNA, Viral	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84903869313	Evaluation of the antiradical activity of hyperjovinol-A utilizing donor-acceptor maps	Alfaro R.A.D., Gomez-Sandoval Z., Mammino L.	2014	Journal of Molecular Modeling	20	7	10.1007/s00894-014-2337-y	Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Colima, Villa de Álvarez, Mexico; Department of Chemistry, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa	Alfaro, R.A.D., Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Colima, Villa de Álvarez, Mexico; Gomez-Sandoval, Z., Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Colima, Villa de Álvarez, Mexico; Mammino, L., Department of Chemistry, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa	Hyperjovinol-A ((2-methyl-1-(2,4,6-trihydroxy-3-(3-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyloct- 6-enyl)phen yl)propan-1-one) is an acylated phloroglucinol isolated from Hypericum Jovis and exhibiting good antioxidant activity. The study investigates the compound's antiradical ability on the basis of the electron-donor and electron-acceptor abilities of its conformers, deriving donor and acceptor indexes and mapping them in terms of donor-acceptor maps (DAM). The DAMs of vitamins C and E and of carotene astaxantine are used as comparison references. Calculations were performed at the DFT/BPW91/6-311+G(d,p) level, with optimizations on fully relaxed geometries to obtain the conformers of the neutral molecule in vacuo, and single point calculations to obtain the energies of the cationic and anionic species in vacuo and of the neutral, cationic, and anionic species in water, ethanol, and pentylethanoate. The calculations in solution utilized the polarizable continuum model (PCM). The results indicate that hyperjovinol-A may have better antiradical activity than vitamin C. This is in agreement with experimental results, showing that the antioxidant activity of hyperjovinol-A is comparable with that of the best drugs currently in clinical use. The activity is maintained in solution. The Fukui function f - was also calculated for all the conformers of hyperjovinol-A, to identify the regions of highest reactivity. © 2014 Springer-Verlag.	Acylphloroglucinols; Antioxidants; Antiradical activity; Donor-acceptor maps; Fukui functions; Hyperjovinol-A; Polyphenolic compounds	alcohol; anion; ascorbic acid; carotene; carotene astaxantine; cation; hyperjovinol A; phenol derivative; phloroglucinol derivative; unclassified drug; vitamin D; water; alpha tocopherol; ascorbic acid; carotenoid; free radical; hyperjovinol A; phloroglucinol; scavenger; antioxidant activity; antiradical activity donor-acceptor; article; controlled study; electron; geometry; Hypericum; Hypericum jovis; ionization; model; polarizable continuum model; priority journal; reaction analysis; analogs and derivatives; chemical structure; chemistry; comparative study; computer simulation; solubility; structure activity relation; Hypericum jovis; Ascorbic Acid; Carotenoids; Computer Simulation; Free Radical Scavengers; Free Radicals; Models, Molecular; Molecular Structure; Phloroglucinol; Solubility; Structure-Activity Relationship; Vitamin E	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84867229395	Sea erosion at Ada Foah: Assessment of impacts and proposed mitigation measures	Kusimi J.M., Dika J.L.	2012	Natural Hazards	64	2	10.1007/s11069-012-0216-3	Department of Geography and Resource Development, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana	Kusimi, J.M., Department of Geography and Resource Development, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Dika, J.L., Department of Geography and Resource Development, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana	Sea erosion is a serious threat to life and property in coastal towns. The coastline of Ada Foah has been facing sea erosion and occasional flooding for several decades. This research investigated the socio-economic and environmental impacts of these geomorphic processes using social survey methods of data collection and shoreline change analysis. The main research tools used include questionnaire survey, interviews and Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) 4. 2 software using extracted shorelines of 1926 ground survey sheet and 2008 Landsat ETM+ image to determine shoreline change between the periods. The research identified some environmental and socio-economic impacts of the sea erosion on the coastal community, and these include the destruction of coastal ecosystems and infrastructure such as offices of institutions, school blocks and roads. The ramifications of these problems include homelessness, unemployment and poverty, which compel victims to migrate. Results of shoreline change analysis indicate that, the Ada Foah shoreline has been receding since 1926 to date with a mean change in shoreline of 280. 49 m and an average annual rate of 3. 46 m/year. To protect the coastline from the battering sea, a sea defence project, comprising sand nourishment and the construction of groynes, is being undertaken. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Ada Foah; Coastal mapping; Sea erosion; Shoreline change analysis; Shoreline recession	coastal erosion; environmental impact; flooding; groin; Landsat thematic mapper; mapping; mitigation; shoreline change; socioeconomic impact; Ada Foah; Ghana; Greater Accra	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84871163693	Synthesis, characterisation and evaluation of IrO2 based binary metal oxide electrocatalysts fo oxygen evolution reaction	Felix C., Maiyalagan T., Pasupathi S., Bladergroen B., Linkov V.	2012	International Journal of Electrochemical Science	7	12	None	South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry SAIAMC, University of the Western Cape, Modderdam Road, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa	Felix, C., South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry SAIAMC, University of the Western Cape, Modderdam Road, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa; Maiyalagan, T., South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry SAIAMC, University of the Western Cape, Modderdam Road, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa; Pasupathi, S., South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry SAIAMC, University of the Western Cape, Modderdam Road, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa; Bladergroen, B., South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry SAIAMC, University of the Western Cape, Modderdam Road, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa; Linkov, V., South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry SAIAMC, University of the Western Cape, Modderdam Road, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa	IrO2, IrxRu1-xO2, IrxSnx-1O2 and IrxTax-1O2 (1 ≥ x ≥ 0.7) were synthesized, characterised and evaluated as electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction in solid polymer electrolyte electrolysers. The electrocatalysts were synthesised by adapting the Adams fusion method. The physical properties of the electrocatalysts were characterised by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction. Electrochemical activity of the electrocatalysts toward the oxygen evolution reaction was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. X-ray diffraction revealed no phase separation when RuO2 or SnO2 was introduced into the IrO2 lattice suggesting that solid solutions were formed. Transmission electron microscope analysis revealed nanosize particles for all synthesised metal oxides. Crystallinity increased with the addition ofRuO2 and SnO2 while a suppression of crystal growth was observed with the addition of Ta2O5 to IrO2. Chronoamperometry revealed that the addition of all the secondary metal oxides to IrO2 resulted in improved catalytic performance. Ir0.7Ru0.3O2 was identified as the most promising electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction. ©2012 by ESG.	Adams fusion method; Anodic electrocatalyst; Oxygen evolution reaction; Solid polymer electrolyte; Water electrolysis	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-40549111622	Evaluation of the controlled release potential of Adansonia digitata mucilage: A super gel forming polymer	Builders P.F., Okeke U., Egieye A.S.	2007	Journal of Phytomedicine and Therapeutics	12	None	None	Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abuja, Nigeria	Builders, P.F., Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abuja, Nigeria; Okeke, U., Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abuja, Nigeria; Egieye, A.S., Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abuja, Nigeria	The suitability of A. digitata mucilage (ADM) as an excipient in the formulation of matrix tablets, the mechanism and kinetics of drug delivery were studied. Aminophyline was the prototype drug while these properties were compared to those of HPMC and Cp. ADM was used at concentration levels of 10, 15 and 30% of the tablet weight while HPMC and Cp were used at 30% concentration. The tablet friability, attrition and dissolution characteristics were evaluated. All the tablets formulated showed good physical properties. The ADM matrix tablets showed similar drug release and attrition pattern to those of Cp in both SIF and SGF. Generally the drug release retardation efficiency of the ADM tablets at equal polymer concentration was higher than those of Cp but less than that of HPMC in both SGF and SIF. The mechanism of release of aminophyline from ADM as in Cp and HPMC was by diffusion.	Adansonia digitata mucilage; Carbopol; Hydroxymethylpropylcellulose; Matrix tablets	Adansonia digitata extract; hydroxypropylmethylcellulose; polymer; Adansonia; article; concentration (parameters); controlled release formulation; dissolution; drug delivery system; drug formulation; drug release; gel; nonhuman; tablet	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878690444	Participatory evaluation of adaptability and morpho-agronomic performance of released and on pipeline high land maize technologies	Ayalneh T., Tesfaye L., Abinasa M., Amare B.	2013	International Journal of Agricultural Research	8	1	10.3923/ijar.2013.49.54	Sinana Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 208, Bale Robe, Ethiopia	Ayalneh, T., Sinana Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 208, Bale Robe, Ethiopia; Tesfaye, L., Sinana Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 208, Bale Robe, Ethiopia; Abinasa, M., Sinana Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 208, Bale Robe, Ethiopia; Amare, B., Sinana Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 208, Bale Robe, Ethiopia	Adaptability and agronomic performance test across environments are important in plant breeding. The current study was conducted with the objective to generate information on adaptability and morpho-agronomic performance of maize genotypes through participatory breeding. The experiment were conducted using released and on pipeline maize genotypes with one local check in six different environments (Shanaka, Agarfa, Shallo, Hissu, Gassera and Sinana) in 2005 and 2006 main season. From the two years pooled mean grain yield performance, BH-660 (8.3 ton ha-1) and BH-670 (7.6 ton ha-1) gave, relatively the highest yield, ranked 1st and 2nd, respectively in both years while Kuleni gave the lowest yield and ranked least in both years. The analysis of variance of mean grain yield (ton ha-1) of seven varieties and one local check tested in six environments showed that 39.0, 40.2 and 20.8% of the total sum of squares were attributed to environment, genotype and genotype X environment interaction effects, respectively. From the AMMI analysis results, the lowest Principal Components Analysis-1 (PCA1) scores were observed in genotype G4 (0.03), followed by G1 (0.10) and G2 (0.12) but in case of Interaction Principal Components Analysis-2 (IPCA2) the lowest score showed by G6 (0.13), followed by G5 (0.17) and G8 (0.31). In general, the study showed the importance of participatory plant breeding, genotype adaptation test across environment and the effects of environments. © 2013 Academic Journals Inc.	Adaptability; Additive main effect and multiplication interaction; Environment; Genotypes; Interaction; Maize	Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84901594994	Change in performance in response to training load adjustment based on autonomic activity	Botek M., McKune A.J., Krejci J., Stejskal P., Gaba A.	2014	International Journal of Sports Medicine	35	6	10.1055/s-0033-1354385	Faculty of Physical Culture, Department of Natural Sciences in Kinathropology, Tř. Míru 115, Olomouc 771 40, Czech Republic; Discipline of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa	Botek, M., Faculty of Physical Culture, Department of Natural Sciences in Kinathropology, Tř. Míru 115, Olomouc 771 40, Czech Republic; McKune, A.J., Discipline of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Krejci, J., Faculty of Physical Culture, Department of Natural Sciences in Kinathropology, Tř. Míru 115, Olomouc 771 40, Czech Republic; Stejskal, P., Faculty of Physical Culture, Department of Natural Sciences in Kinathropology, Tř. Míru 115, Olomouc 771 40, Czech Republic; Gaba, A., Faculty of Physical Culture, Department of Natural Sciences in Kinathropology, Tř. Míru 115, Olomouc 771 40, Czech Republic	The primary aim of this study was to assess performance (Perf) changes in response to a new training strategy. Specifically, based on spectral analysis of heart rate variability (SA HRV) to determine autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity, training doses were adjusted to maintain vagal activity at a high and relatively stable level during training preparation. Trained athletes (5 male and 5 female) aged 23.2±4.2 years voluntarily participated in the study. ANS activity was assessed during an orthoclinostatic test, and was represented by calculating HRV variables and a total score index. Over 17 weeks, improvement (1.4-8.5%) and deterioration (0.1-8.8%) in Perf were detected in 7 and 3 athletes, respectively. A relationship (rs=0.684; P&lt;0.05) between the change in Perf (ΔPerf) and supine PHF during season was found. Supine HRV indices (PHF, PT, and MSSD) for the last 3 weeks of the HRV-adjusting period correlated (rs=0.636; 0.648; 0.648, P&lt;0.05) with ΔPerf. Based on the results, a high and relative stable vagal activity during preparation may indicate a readiness to train or appropriate recovery that positively affects Perf. In conclusion, daily quantification of ANS activity by SA HRV seems to be a promising tool for the enhancement of Perf. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.	adaptability; athlete; exercise; heart rate variability; vagal activity	adult; athletic performance; female; heart rate; human; male; physical education; physiology; procedures; vagus nerve; young adult; Adult; Athletic Performance; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Physical Education and Training; Vagus Nerve; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84927730810	Evaluation of Irrigated Bird’s Eye Chilli Pepper Adaptability Under Tropical Conditions	Inusah B.I.Y., Dogbe W., Abudulai M., Maxwell Prince E., Haruna M., Mawunya M.	2015	International Journal of Vegetable Science	21	2	10.1080/19315260.2013.840712	Council for Scientific and Industrial Research–Savanna Agricultural Research Institute (CSIR-SARI), Nyankpala, Tamale, Ghana	Inusah, B.I.Y., Council for Scientific and Industrial Research–Savanna Agricultural Research Institute (CSIR-SARI), Nyankpala, Tamale, Ghana; Dogbe, W., Council for Scientific and Industrial Research–Savanna Agricultural Research Institute (CSIR-SARI), Nyankpala, Tamale, Ghana; Abudulai, M., Council for Scientific and Industrial Research–Savanna Agricultural Research Institute (CSIR-SARI), Nyankpala, Tamale, Ghana; Maxwell Prince, E., Council for Scientific and Industrial Research–Savanna Agricultural Research Institute (CSIR-SARI), Nyankpala, Tamale, Ghana; Haruna, M., Council for Scientific and Industrial Research–Savanna Agricultural Research Institute (CSIR-SARI), Nyankpala, Tamale, Ghana; Mawunya, M., Council for Scientific and Industrial Research–Savanna Agricultural Research Institute (CSIR-SARI), Nyankpala, Tamale, Ghana	Production of Bird’s eye chillies (Capsicum annuum L) under tropical conditions presents a unique opportunity for small farmers to improve income. A study in 2010 and 2011 evaluated the performance of irrigated, improved Bird’s eye chilli (BEC), cvs. Demon, UHP281 70, UHP226 94, and UHP296 92, with ‘Shito Adope’, for growth, adaptability, yield, and marketability. The cultivars are categorized as being early (‘UHP281 70’ and ‘Shito Adope’), medium (‘UHP226 94’ and ‘Demon’), and late maturing (‘UHP296 92’). The UHP series had the best yield (average 12.47 Mt·ha−1). The best choice for crop performance and dried fruit quality/brightness and perceived marketability was ‘UHP281 70’ followed by ‘UHP226 94’. Economic analysis indicated that ‘UHP296 92’ had the highest total variable cost. It also had the highest marginal rate of returns (217%). It is possible to increase options for small-, medium-, and large-scale chilli pepper farmers regarding choice of superior Bird’s eye chilli peppers. © , Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.	Adaptability; Capsicum annuum; Ghana; Price; Tropical conditions	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650406475	Evaluation of soybean [Glycine max(L) Merrill] genotypes for adaptability to a southern Guinea savanna environment with and without P fertilizer application in north central Nigeria	Aduloju M.O., Mahamood J., Abayomi Y.A.	2009	African Journal of Agricultural Research	4	6	None	Dapartment of Agronomy, University of Ilorin, P.M. B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria; Lower Niger River Basin Development Authority, P. M. B. 1529, Ilorin, Nigeria	Aduloju, M.O., Dapartment of Agronomy, University of Ilorin, P.M. B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria; Mahamood, J., Lower Niger River Basin Development Authority, P. M. B. 1529, Ilorin, Nigeria; Abayomi, Y.A., Dapartment of Agronomy, University of Ilorin, P.M. B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria	Cultivar evaluation is essential to ascertain the superiority of the newly developed genotypes over the established cultivars in terms of yield and adaptation to an ecology. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate some of the recently developed soybean genotypes with and without P fertilizer application for adaptability to southern Guinea savanna ecology of Nigeria. The study was carried out at the experimental field of the Teaching and Research Farm, University of Ilorin, Nigeria, during the 2003 and 2004 cropping seasons. Application of 30 kg P ha-1 resulted in significantly higher growth and grain yield parameters compared to no P application. Grain yield was consistently significantly higher for TGX 1448-2E than for other genotypes including the established cultivar, TGX 923-2E over the two cropping seasons. Significant year x genotype effect indicated that grain yields were significantly different between the two cropping seasons for TGX 1830-20E, TGX 1740-2F and TGX 1871-12E in 2004, while there was no significant variation for grain yield for TGX 1448-2E, TGX 1844-18E and TGX 1869- 31E for the two years. This suggests stable grain yields in the latter genotypes and hence good adaptability, while the former ones showed unstable productivity under adverse soil moisture condition resulting from lower rainfall in 2003, and thus were deemed unsuitable for the southern Guinea savanna ecology which is highly prone to drought conditions. Simple linear regression analysis revealed that number of pods per plant was the most important factor influencing grain yield in this study. In conclusion, TGX 1448-2E was the genotype best adapted genotype to the southern Guinea savanna ecology and thus it can successfully replace TGX 923-2E the existing cultivar. Nevertheless, TGX 1844-18E and TGX 1869-31E are promising as drought tolerant genotypes. © 2009 Academic Journals.	Adaptability; New soybean genotype; P fertilizer application; Southern Guinea savanna ecology	Glycine max	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84902951991	The impact of climate change on indigenous peoples' land tenure and use: The case for a regional policy in Africa	Hansungule M., Jegede A.O.	2014	International Journal on Minority and Group Rights	21	2	10.1163/15718115-02102004	Law and Human Rights, Centre for Human Rights, University of Pretoria, South Africa	Hansungule, M., Law and Human Rights, Centre for Human Rights, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Jegede, A.O., Law and Human Rights, Centre for Human Rights, University of Pretoria, South Africa	In Africa, owing to a lifestyle that is culturally and collectively dependent on land and its natural resources, indigenous peoples are adversely affected by climate change. This is despite the fact that they contribute least to its cause. While this situation requires the protection of indigenous peoples' land tenure and use, this is generally not yet the reality in the domestic laws of states in Africa. Premised on four propositions, this article makes a case for a regional policy to safeguard indigenous peoples' land tenure and use in the light of climate change challenge in Africa. In the main, the propositions are: the indigenous peoples have a distinctive perception of land tenure and use relevant for adaptation and mitigation purposes; the land tenure and use is adversely affected by climate change; there is weak protection of indigenous peoples' land tenure and use under the national and international climate change response frameworks, particularly the National Adaptation Programmes Plan of Action (NAPA) documentation as well as land-related Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and REDD+ mitigation initiatives; and there are emerging regional activities with the potential to crystallise into a statement of policy. The proposed policy which should embody detailed normative and institutional safeguards on land tenure and use, the article recommends, can be initiated by the African Ministerial Conference on the Environment (AMCEN) and the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights (African Commission) for the protection of indigenous peoples facing the adverse impact of climate change in Africa. © 2014 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands.	adaptation; African Commission; AMCEN; CDM; climate change; indigenous peoples	adaptive management; clean development mechanism; climate change; indigenous population; land tenure; land use; regional policy; Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880859450	Implications of regional improvement in global climate models for agricultural impact research	Ramirez-Villegas J., Challinor A.J., Thornton P.K., Jarvis A.	2013	Environmental Research Letters	8	2	10.1088/1748-9326/8/2/024018	International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia; CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), Denmark; Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science (ICAS), School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya	Ramirez-Villegas, J., International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia, CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), Denmark, Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science (ICAS), School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Challinor, A.J., CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), Denmark, Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science (ICAS), School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Thornton, P.K., International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya; Jarvis, A., International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia, CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), Denmark	Global climate models (GCMs) have become increasingly important for climate change science and provide the basis for most impact studies. Since impact models are highly sensitive to input climate data, GCM skill is crucial for getting better short-, medium- and long-term outlooks for agricultural production and food security. The Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) phase 5 ensemble is likely to underpin the majority of climate impact assessments over the next few years. We assess 24 CMIP3 and 26 CMIP5 simulations of present climate against climate observations for five tropical regions, as well as regional improvements in model skill and, through literature review, the sensitivities of impact estimates to model error. Climatological means of seasonal mean temperatures depict mean errors between 1 and 18 ° C (2-130% with respect to mean), whereas seasonal precipitation and wet-day frequency depict larger errors, often offsetting observed means and variability beyond 100%. Simulated interannual climate variability in GCMs warrants particular attention, given that no single GCM matches observations in more than 30% of the areas for monthly precipitation and wet-day frequency, 50% for diurnal range and 70% for mean temperatures. We report improvements in mean climate skill of 5-15% for climatological mean temperatures, 3-5% for diurnal range and 1-2% in precipitation. At these improvement rates, we estimate that at least 5-30 years of CMIP work is required to improve regional temperature simulations and at least 30-50 years for precipitation simulations, for these to be directly input into impact models. We conclude with some recommendations for the use of CMIP5 in agricultural impact studies. © 2013 IOP Publishing Ltd.	adaptation; agriculture; climate change; climate model; skill	Agriculture; Climate change; Computer simulation; Errors; Food supply; Isomers; adaptation; Agricultural productions; Climate impact assessment; Coupled Model Intercomparison Project; Interannual climate variability; Seasonal precipitations; skill; Temperature simulations; Climate models; adaptive management; agricultural practice; annual variation; climate modeling; climate variation; climatology; ecological impact; global climate; literature review; technological development	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-48349130533	Water resources management strategies for adaptation to climate-induced impacts in South Africa	Mukheibir P.	2008	Water Resources Management	22	9	10.1007/s11269-007-9224-6	Energy Research Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Mukheibir, P., Energy Research Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	This paper focuses on the development of a framework for strategy considerations for water resources management in South Africa to meet the development goals in the municipal and agricultural sectors. The north western part of South Africa experiences severe periods of drought and according to the climate change projections, will be most vulnerable to future climate induced water supply stress. A framework for selecting appropriate strategies is presented. A series of potential adaptation strategies most suitable for long term adaptation are discussed. These include both supply and demand side strategies. Barriers and obstacles to implementing these strategies include human and financial resource deficiencies at local municipal and community levels. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2007.	Adaptation; Agriculture; Climate change; South Africa; Water resources management	Climate change; Competition; Drought; Information management; Knowledge management; Strategic planning; Water management; Adaptation strategies; Business media; Community levels; Future climate; Long term; Resource deficiencies; South Africa (SA); Supply and demand; Water resources management; Planning; adaptive management; agriculture; climate change; strategic approach; water management; water resource; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77957188993	Performance of some quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) genotypes in Kenya	Oyoo M.E., Githiri S.M., Ayiecho P.O.	2010	South African Journal of Plant and Soil	27	2	None	Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI), Food Crops Section, P. O Box 57811- 00200, Nairobi, Kenya; University of Nairobi, Department of Plant Science and Crop Protection, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; African Centre for Crop Improvement (ACCI), University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Private Bag X01, Scotts ville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa	Oyoo, M.E., Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI), Food Crops Section, P. O Box 57811- 00200, Nairobi, Kenya; Githiri, S.M., University of Nairobi, Department of Plant Science and Crop Protection, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya, African Centre for Crop Improvement (ACCI), University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Private Bag X01, Scotts ville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa; Ayiecho, P.O., University of Nairobi, Department of Plant Science and Crop Protection, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya	Quinoa (Chenopdium quinoa Willd.) has been cultivated for thousands of years in South America for its nutritious grain and leaves. Demand for the crop has risen in the recent past. In order to satisfy the demand, there Is need to increase quinoa cultivation both in South America and elsewhere. Twenty four quinoa genotypes were evaluated for adaptation and agronomic performance at Nairobi, Kenya in 1999 and 2000. The genotypes varied in their agronomic performance during the two year period. In 1999, all the genotypes took a shorter period to mature, were taller and produced more branches, biomass, and seeds than in 2000. The highest yields per plant in the two seasons were obtained from Narino (26.5 g and 11.8 g) and the second highest yielding genotype was CICA-17 which gave 25.7 g and 9.2 g in 1999 and 2000, respectively. The mean number of days to flowering, biomass yield, plant height, harvest index and number of branches all had significant associations with seed yield indicating that selection for these traits could lead to increased yields.	Adaptation; Agronomic characteristics; Chenopodium quinoa; Quinoa; Under-utilized crops	adaptation; agronomy; cultivar; cultivation; flowering; genotype-environment interaction; harvesting; herb; life history trait; performance assessment; seasonal variation; selection; yield response; Kenya; Nairobi [Kenya]; South America; Chenopodium quinoa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84908015143	Potential impact of climate change on fisheries and aquaculture in Nigeria	Ipinjolu J.K., Magawata I., Shinkafi B.A.	2014	Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science	9	5	10.3923/jfas.2014.338.344	Department of Forestry and Fisheries, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria	Ipinjolu, J.K., Department of Forestry and Fisheries, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria; Magawata, I., Department of Forestry and Fisheries, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria; Shinkafi, B.A., Department of Forestry and Fisheries, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria	Climate change have significant impacts on Nigeria’s freshwater and marine aquatic systems and hence on the country’s fisheries and aquaculture. Fisheries and aquaculture are highly vulnerable to changes in weather pattern and the impacts which could be negative or positive, vary from the coastal areas to the drier northern parts of the country. Elevated water temperatures affect fish physiological processes, thereby affecting spawning, survival of the juveniles, recruit into the exploitable phase of population, population size, production and yield. The impacts of increased flooding of the freshwater bodies will be negative through erosion of watershed, destruction of fish feeding and breeding habitats, decrease in primary productivity and alteration of the normal resilience of the aquatic systems, or positive in expansion of aquatic habitats for primary and fish productions especially during the dry season. Drought exacerbate draw down of the lakes and reservoirs and insufficient flow in the river basins for spawning and primary production thereby affecting fish production. Rise in the water level of the Atlantic ocean lead to intrusion of more salty water into the river delta areas and inundation of the coastal low-lying areas, thus affecting distribution of both the freshwater and marine fishes as a result of changes in the physical and chemical properties of the waters. The impacts ultimately affect fish population, production and supply, thereby affecting the livelihoods of over 26 million people engaged in the primary and secondary sectors of the fisheries industry, as well as food security of the country. The adaptation and mitigation strategies are based on the peculiar characteristics and interactions of fisheries and aquaculture within the framework of feasible policy instruments. Strategies and policy measures need to be evolved to combat the observable and projected impacts of climate change on fisheries and aquaculture in order to protect the livelihoods of the fishing communities and food security. © 2014 Academic Journals Inc.	Adaptation; Aquaculture; Climate change; Fisheries; Food security; Impacts; Mitigation	aquaculture; climate change; climate effect; fishing community; fishing industry; flooding; food security; physiological response; population size; primary production; recruitment (population dynamics); spawning; survival; water temperature; Atlantic Ocean; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77954109391	Heart rate recovery as a guide to monitor fatigue and predict changes in performance parameters	Lamberts R.P., Swart J., Capostagno B., Noakes T.D., Lambert M.I.	2010	Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports	20	3	10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.00977.x	UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Sport Science Institute of South Africa, University of Cape Town, Newlands, South Africa	Lamberts, R.P., UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Sport Science Institute of South Africa, University of Cape Town, Newlands, South Africa; Swart, J., UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Sport Science Institute of South Africa, University of Cape Town, Newlands, South Africa; Capostagno, B., UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Sport Science Institute of South Africa, University of Cape Town, Newlands, South Africa; Noakes, T.D., UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Sport Science Institute of South Africa, University of Cape Town, Newlands, South Africa; Lambert, M.I., UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Sport Science Institute of South Africa, University of Cape Town, Newlands, South Africa	Determining the optimal balance between training load and recovery contributes to peak performance in well-trained athletes. The measurement of heart rate recovery (HRR) to monitor this balance has become popular. However, it is not known whether the impairment in performance, which is associated with training-induced fatigue, is accompanied by a change in HRR. Therefore, the aim of this study was to retrospectively analyze the relationship between changes in HRR and cycling performance in a group of well-trained cyclists (n=14) who participated in a 4-week high-intensity training (HIT) program. Subjects were assigned to either a group that continuous had a increase in HRR (GIncr) or a group that showed a decrease in HRR (GDecr) during the HIT period. Both groups, GIncr and GDecr, showed improvements in the relative peak power output (P=0.001 and 0.016, respectively) and endurance performance parameters (P=0.001 and &lt;0.048, respectively). The average power during the 40-km time trial (40-km TT), however, improved more in GIncr (P=0.010), resulting in a tendency for a faster 40-km TT time (P=0.059). These findings suggest that HRR has the potential to monitor changes in endurance performance and contribute to a more accurate prescription of training load in well-trained and elite cyclists. © 2009 John Wiley &amp; Sons A/S.	Adaptation; Autonomic nervous system; Cycling; Monitoring; Overreaching; Overtraining; Performance; Recovery	adaptation; adult; article; athletic performance; endurance; exercise test; fatigue; heart rate; human; male; metabolism; physiology; retrospective study; adaptation; athletic performance; fatigue; heart rate; metabolism; physiology; young adult; Adaptation, Physiological; Adult; Athletic Performance; Exercise Test; Fatigue; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Physical Endurance; Retrospective Studies; Young Adult; Adaptation, Physiological; Adult; Athletic Performance; Exercise Test; Fatigue; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Physical Endurance; Retrospective Studies; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884855021	Impact of temperature on performance in two species of South African dwarf chameleon, Bradypodion pumilum and B. occidentale	Segall M., Tolley K.A., Vanhooydonck B., Measey G.J., Herrel A.	2013	Journal of Experimental Biology	216	20	10.1242/jeb.092353	UMR 7179 C.N.R.S./M.N.H.N., Département D'Ecologie et de Gestion de la Biodiversité, 57 rue Cuvier, Case postale 55, 75231, Paris Cedex 5, France; Applied Biodiversity Research Division, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag X7, Claremont, Cape Town, Western Cape 7735, South Africa; Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth, Eastern Cape 6031, South Africa	Segall, M., UMR 7179 C.N.R.S./M.N.H.N., Département D'Ecologie et de Gestion de la Biodiversité, 57 rue Cuvier, Case postale 55, 75231, Paris Cedex 5, France; Tolley, K.A., Applied Biodiversity Research Division, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag X7, Claremont, Cape Town, Western Cape 7735, South Africa, Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Vanhooydonck, B., Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium; Measey, G.J., Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth, Eastern Cape 6031, South Africa; Herrel, A., UMR 7179 C.N.R.S./M.N.H.N., Département D'Ecologie et de Gestion de la Biodiversité, 57 rue Cuvier, Case postale 55, 75231, Paris Cedex 5, France	Temperature is an extrinsic factor that influences reptile behavior because of its impact on reptile physiology. Understanding the impact of temperature on performance traits is important as it may affect the ecology and fitness of ectothermic animals such as reptiles. Here, we examined the temperature dependence of performance in two species of South African dwarf chameleon (Bradypodion): one adapted to a semi-arid environment and one to a mesic environment. Ecologically relevant performance traits were tested at different temperatures to evaluate their thermal dependence, and temperature-performance breadths for 80% and 90% of each performance trait were calculated. Our results show distinct differences in the thermal dependence of speed- versus force-related performance traits. Moreover, our results show that the semi-arid species is better adapted to higher temperatures and as such has a better chance of coping with the predicted increases in environmental temperature. The mesic area-adapted species seems to be more sensitive to an increase in temperature and could therefore potentially be threatened by the predicted future climate change. However, further studies investigating the potential for acclimation in chameleons are needed to better understand how animals may respond to future climate change. © 2013. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.	Adaptation; Behavior; Climate change; Reptile; Temperature	adaptation; animal; article; behavior; climate change; female; lizard; male; mastication; physiology; reptile; South Africa; species difference; temperature; adaptation; behavior; climate change; reptile; temperature; Animals; Bite Force; Female; Lizards; Male; South Africa; Species Specificity; Temperature	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33845346476	Evaluation of cowpea accessions for the Southern Guinea savannah	Awopetu J.A., Aliyu O.M.	2006	Tropical Science	46	4	10.1002/ts.183	Department of Crop Production, University of Florin, Nigeria; Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, PMB 5244, Ibadan, Nigeria	Awopetu, J.A., Department of Crop Production, University of Florin, Nigeria; Aliyu, O.M., Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, PMB 5244, Ibadan, Nigeria	Twenty-five accessions of cowpea of different origin were evaluated in Ilorin, in the Southern Guinea savannah of Nigeria. They showed variable adaptation in terms of flowering time, leaves at flowering, pattern of branching, yield capabilities and time of maturity. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Adaptation; Breeding; Cowpea accessions; Savannah ecology	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80755125252	Impacts of coastal inundation due to climate change in a CLUSTER of urban coastal communities in Ghana, West Africa	Addo K.A., Larbi L., Amisigo B., Ofori-Danson P.K.	2011	Remote Sensing	3	9	10.3390/rs3092029	University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 99, Legon, Accra, Ghana; CSIR Water Research Institute, P.O. Box M. 32, Accra, Ghana	Addo, K.A., University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 99, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Larbi, L., University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 99, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Amisigo, B., CSIR Water Research Institute, P.O. Box M. 32, Accra, Ghana; Ofori-Danson, P.K., University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 99, Legon, Accra, Ghana	The increasing rates of sea level rise caused by global warming within the 21st century are expected to exacerbate inundation and episodic flooding tide in low-lying coastal environments. This development threatens both human development and natural habitats within such coastal communities. The impact of sea level rise will be more pronounced in developing countries where there is limited adaptation capacity. This paper presents a comprehensive assessment of the expected impacts of sea level rise in three communities in the Dansoman coastal area of Accra, Ghana. Future sea level rises were projected based on global scenarios and the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization General Circulation Models-CSIRO_MK2_GS GCM. These were used in the SimCLIM model based on the modified Bruun rule and the simulated results overlaid on near vertical aerial photographs taken in 2005. It emerged that the Dansoman coastline could recede by about 202 m by the year 2100 with baseline from 1970 to 1990. The potential impacts on the socioeconomic and natural systems of the Dansoman coastal area were characterized at the Panbros, Grefi and Gbegbeyise communities. The study revealed that about 84% of the local dwellers is aware of the rising sea level in the coastal area but have poor measures of adapting to the effects of flood disasters. Analysis of the likely impacts of coastal inundation revealed that about 650,000 people, 926 buildings and a total area of about 0.80 km2 of land are vulnerable to permanent inundation by the year 2100. The study has shown that there will be significant losses to both life and property by the year 2100 in the Dansoman coastal community in the event of sea level rise. © 2011 by the authors.	Adaptation; Climate change; Coastal erosion; Ghana; Inundation; Sea level rise	Adaptation; Coastal erosion; Ghana; Inundation; Sea level rise; Coastal zones; Computer simulation; Developing countries; Global warming; Industrial research; Photography; Sea level	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84858059504	Predicting how adaptation to climate change could affect ecological conservation: Secondary impacts of shifting agricultural suitability	Bradley B.A., Estes L.D., Hole D.G., Holness S., Oppenheimer M., Turner W.R., Beukes H., Schulze R.E., Tadross M.A., Wilcove D.S.	2012	Diversity and Distributions	18	5	10.1111/j.1472-4642.2011.00875.x	Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States; Program in Science, Technology and Environmental Policy, Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States; Science and Knowledge Division, Conservation International, Arlington, VA 22202, United States; Park Planning and Development Conservation Services, South African National Parks, Humewood 6013, South Africa; Center for African Conservation Ecology, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth 6013, South Africa; Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States; Institute for Soil, Climate and Water, Agricultural Research Council, Stellenbosch 2599, South Africa; School of Bioresources Engineering and Environmental Hydrology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa; Climate Systems Analysis Group, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States	Bradley, B.A., Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States; Estes, L.D., Program in Science, Technology and Environmental Policy, Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States; Hole, D.G., Science and Knowledge Division, Conservation International, Arlington, VA 22202, United States; Holness, S., Park Planning and Development Conservation Services, South African National Parks, Humewood 6013, South Africa, Center for African Conservation Ecology, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth 6013, South Africa; Oppenheimer, M., Program in Science, Technology and Environmental Policy, Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States, Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States; Turner, W.R., Science and Knowledge Division, Conservation International, Arlington, VA 22202, United States; Beukes, H., Institute for Soil, Climate and Water, Agricultural Research Council, Stellenbosch 2599, South Africa; Schulze, R.E., School of Bioresources Engineering and Environmental Hydrology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa; Tadross, M.A., Climate Systems Analysis Group, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Wilcove, D.S., Program in Science, Technology and Environmental Policy, Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States	Aim: Ecosystems face numerous well-documented threats from climate change. The well-being of people also is threatened by climate change, most prominently by reduced food security. Human adaptation to food scarcity, including shifting agricultural zones, will create new threats for natural ecosystems. We investigated how shifts in crop suitability because of climate change may overlap currently protected areas (PAs) and priority sites for PA expansion in South Africa. Predicting the locations of suitable climate conditions for crop growth will assist conservationists and decision-makers in planning for climate change. Location: South Africa. Methods: We modelled climatic suitability in 2055 for maize and wheat cultivation, two extensively planted, staple crops, and overlaid projected changes with PAs and PA expansion priorities. Results: Changes in winter climate could make an additional 2millionha of land suitable for wheat cultivation, while changes in summer climate could expand maize suitability by up to 3.5millionha. Conversely, 3millionha of lands currently suitable for wheat production are predicted to become climatically unsuitable, along with 13millionha for maize. At least 328 of 834 (39%) PAs are projected to be affected by altered wheat or maize suitability in their buffer zones. Main conclusions: Reduced crop suitability and food scarcity in subsistence areas may lead to the exploitation of PAs for food and fuel. However, if reduced crop suitability leads to agricultural abandonment, this may afford opportunities for ecological restoration. Expanded crop suitability in PA buffer zones could lead to additional isolation of PAs if portions of newly suitable land are converted to agriculture. These results suggest that altered crop suitability will be widespread throughout South Africa, including within and around lands identified as conservation priorities. Assessing how climate change will affect crop suitability near PAs is a first step towards proactively identifying potential conflicts between human adaptation and conservation planning. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.	Adaptation; Climate change; Crop suitability; Indirect impacts; Maize; South Africa; Species distribution modelling; Wheat	abandoned land; adaptive management; buffer zone; climate change; conservation planning; crop production; decision making; environmental restoration; food security; land use change; maize; nature-society relations; prioritization; protected area; shifting cultivation; subsistence agriculture; wheat; South Africa; Triticum aestivum; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84903704043	Hotspots of climate change impacts in sub-Saharan Africa and implications for adaptation and development	Müller C., Waha K., Bondeau A., Heinke J.	2014	Global Change Biology	20	8	10.1111/gcb.12586	Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, PO-Box 601203, Potsdam, D-14412, Germany; Aix Marseille University, Mediterranean Institute of marine and terrestrial Biodiversity and Ecology (IMBE), UMR CNRS/IRD - BP 80, Aix-en-Provence Cedex 04, F-13545, France; International Livestock Research Institute, P.O. Box 30709, Kenya	Müller, C., Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, PO-Box 601203, Potsdam, D-14412, Germany; Waha, K., Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, PO-Box 601203, Potsdam, D-14412, Germany; Bondeau, A., Aix Marseille University, Mediterranean Institute of marine and terrestrial Biodiversity and Ecology (IMBE), UMR CNRS/IRD - BP 80, Aix-en-Provence Cedex 04, F-13545, France; Heinke, J., Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, PO-Box 601203, Potsdam, D-14412, Germany, International Livestock Research Institute, P.O. Box 30709, Kenya	Development efforts for poverty reduction and food security in sub-Saharan Africa will have to consider future climate change impacts. Large uncertainties in climate change impact assessments do not necessarily complicate, but can inform development strategies. The design of development strategies will need to consider the likelihood, strength, and interaction of climate change impacts across biosphere properties. We here explore the spread of climate change impact projections and develop a composite impact measure to identify hotspots of climate change impacts, addressing likelihood and strength of impacts. Overlapping impacts in different biosphere properties (e.g. flooding, yields) will not only claim additional capacity to respond, but will also narrow the options to respond and develop. Regions with severest projected climate change impacts often coincide with regions of high population density and poverty rates. Science and policy need to propose ways of preparing these areas for development under climate change impacts. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.	Adaptation; Climate change; Development; Impacts; Modeling; Sub-Saharan Africa	adaptive management; climate change; climate effect; development strategy; environmental impact assessment; food security; future prospect; poverty alleviation; strategic approach; Sub-Saharan Africa; Africa south of the Sahara; climate change; crop; environment; hydrology; theoretical model; uncertainty; Africa South of the Sahara; Climate Change; Crops, Agricultural; Environment; Hydrology; Models, Theoretical; Uncertainty	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84873321347	Considering effective adaptation options to impacts of climate change for maize production in Ghana	Tachie-Obeng E., Akponikpè P.B.I., Adiku S.	2013	Environmental Development	5	1	10.1016/j.envdev.2012.11.008	Environmental Protection Agency, P.O. Box MB 326 Accra, Ghana; Environmental Soil Physics and Hydraulics Unit, Université de Parakou, 03 BP 351, Parakou Université, Benin; University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 70, Legon Accra, Ghana	Tachie-Obeng, E., Environmental Protection Agency, P.O. Box MB 326 Accra, Ghana; Akponikpè, P.B.I., Environmental Soil Physics and Hydraulics Unit, Université de Parakou, 03 BP 351, Parakou Université, Benin; Adiku, S., University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 70, Legon Accra, Ghana	As a contribution to guide policy planning, effective climate change adaptation options to enhance maize production in Ghana were examined. The Agricultural Production Systems Simulator crop model, coupled with statistical downscaled climate scenarios of 9 general circulation models (GCMs) and farmer practices, were used to device adaptation options in the near future (NF) period of 2046-2065 based on IPCC A2 emission scenario at local scale level in Wa and Wenchi agricultural areas of Ghana. Results from the single-maize cropping season at Wa, in the savanna zone indicate that, a 6-week delay in sowing from 1961 to 2000 baseline date of 1st May to 15th June, was the most appropriate way to offset the negative effects of potential climate change resulting in a yield increase of 8.2%. In the forest-savanna transitional zone of Wenchi, a 4-week delay in the major season sowing date from 15th March to 15th April and no change in the minor season sowing date of 15th August resulted in a slight yield increase of 3.9%. On the other hand, a second adaptation option of using a medium heat-tolerant maize variety produced substantial gains in crop yield of 30.1% and 30.5% in savanna and forest-savanna transitional zones respectively with a longer grain-formation period under NF climate change when compared to delaying sowing dates. Effective adaptation options can thus reduce negative impacts of climate change in the NF, but require enabling policy to support its implementation. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.	Adaptation; Climate change; Ghana; Maize cultivar; Savanna and forest-savanna	Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84910047561	Climate change impacts on rural based women: Emerging evidence on coping and adaptation strategies in Tsholotsho, Zimbabwe	Phiri K., Ndlovu S., Chiname T.B.	2014	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	5	23	10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n23p2545	Department of Development Studies, Lupane State University, Zimbabwe; Lupane State University, Zimbabwe	Phiri, K., Department of Development Studies, Lupane State University, Zimbabwe; Ndlovu, S., Department of Development Studies, Lupane State University, Zimbabwe; Chiname, T.B., Lupane State University, Zimbabwe	Climate change is one of the major challenges that are confronting developing countries. Rural women in Zimbabwe are one of the most hard hit populace groups. The study sought to investigate how rural women are affected by climate change in relation to their livelihoods. It also explores women’s perception of climate change and the effects of those perceptions on adapting to climate change. Emphasis is made on the effects of climate change on crop production, livestock production and water sources focusing on Tsholotsho District in Zimbabwe. The study used a qualitative approach to obtain data on the effects of climate change. One of the major findings of the study was that the impact of climate change undermines women’s livelihoods which are rain-fed thus leading to accelerated food insecurity problems and heightened impoverishment. The paper concludes that women in rural areas must be prioritized in development programming especially in agriculture to ameliorate impending and inevitable climate change induced food insecurity. © 2014, Mediterranean Center of Social and Educational Research. All rights reserved.	Adaptation; Climate change; Livelihoods; Zimbabwe	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84874000462	The impact of climate variability on water and energy demand: The case of South African local governments	Ncube M., Zikhali P., Musango J.K.	2013	Water and Environment Journal	27	1	10.1111/j.1747-6593.2012.00323.x	Financial and Fiscal Commission, Johannesburg, South Africa; International Water Management Institute, Southern African Regional Office, Pretoria, South Africa; Gauteng City-Region Observatory, Johannesburg, South Africa	Ncube, M., Financial and Fiscal Commission, Johannesburg, South Africa; Zikhali, P., International Water Management Institute, Southern African Regional Office, Pretoria, South Africa; Musango, J.K., Gauteng City-Region Observatory, Johannesburg, South Africa	There is a growing need to understand how climate change impacts not only on people's livelihoods but also on the level and cost of local government infrastructure required to provide basic commodities such as water and energy. In South Africa, few studies have examined the impact of climate change on operations of local governments. This paper examines the impact of rainfall variability on municipalities' water and energy demand. A non-linear relationship between water and energy demand and rainfall variability was found. The results suggest that, by influencing the operations and budgets of local governments, climate change is a real threat to local governments. The local governments need to be proactively involved in the efforts to adapt to and mitigate climate change. This is particularly important in developing countries where the impact of climate change is more severe than in developed countries, yet adaptation and mitigation capabilities in these countries are weak. © 2012 The Authors. Water and Environment Journal © 2012 CIWEM.	Adaptation; Climate variability; Electricity-related expenditures; Mitigation; Rainfall variability; Water-related expenditures	Adaptation; Climate variability; Electricity-related expenditures; Mitigation; Rainfall variability; Water-related expenditures; Developing countries; Energy management; Rain; Climate change; ground water; ozone; rain; surface water; water; climate variation; energy use; local government; mitigation; nonlinearity; rainfall; water demand; air quality; article; biodiversity; climate change; electricity; energy; energy expenditure; energy resource; government; greenhouse gas; gross national product; priority journal; social status; South Africa; water supply; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80855144231	Diet, morphology and performance in two chameleon morphs: Do harder bites equate with harder prey?	Measey G.J., Rebelo A.D., Herrel A., Vanhooydonck B., Tolley K.A.	2011	Journal of Zoology	285	4	10.1111/j.1469-7998.2011.00861.x	Applied Biodiversity Research Division, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Claremont, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa; Département d'Ecologie et de Gestion de la Biodiversité, UMR 7179 C.N.R.S/M.N.H.N., Paris, France; Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium; Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, South Africa	Measey, G.J., Applied Biodiversity Research Division, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Claremont, Cape Town, South Africa, Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa; Rebelo, A.D., Applied Biodiversity Research Division, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Claremont, Cape Town, South Africa; Herrel, A., Département d'Ecologie et de Gestion de la Biodiversité, UMR 7179 C.N.R.S/M.N.H.N., Paris, France; Vanhooydonck, B., Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium; Tolley, K.A., Applied Biodiversity Research Division, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Claremont, Cape Town, South Africa, Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, South Africa	Ecologically induced morphological variation has been identified as a mainstay in evolutionary theory. Species that inhabit different habitats are likely to display morphological and functional differences related to the exploitation of different dietary resources available in each habitat within limits imposed by trade-offs. Here, we examine two populations of the Cape Dwarf Chameleon, Bradypodion pumilum, from fynbos (heathland) and woodland to investigate whether head morphology and bite performance are related to diet within and between populations. Stomach contents are compared with prey availability to test whether chameleons are selective with respect to prey size, hardness and evasiveness. Our data show that for adult chameleons from the fynbos (Kogelberg; n = 44), mean and maximum prey size are tightly correlated with head morphology and performance. In woodland habitat (Stellenbosch; n = 52), only maximum prey size is correlated with head morphology and performance. Fynbos chameleons showed no preference with respect to prey hardness, while those from woodland ate less hard and/or sedentary prey than available, thus preferring items that were soft and/or evasive. Finally, fynbos chameleons have a diet of sedentary and/or evasive prey similar in proportions to that available. Our results suggest that diet is not directly related to selection on the head morphology and biting performance of B. pumilum in woodland habitat, but that it may be important for selection in fynbos due to a reduction in overall prey availability. © 2011 The Authors. Journal of Zoology © 2011 The Zoological Society of London.	Adaptation; Ecomorphs; Foraging mode; Lizards; Performance	adaptation; diet; ecomorphology; evolutionary theory; fynbos; heathland; lizard; performance assessment; prey availability; prey selection; prey size; stomach content; trade-off; woodland; Bradypodion pumilum; Chamaeleonidae; Squamata	None
None	None	Yield performance and adaptation of four sorghum cultivars in Igunga and Nzega districts of Tanzania	Bucheyeki T.L., Shenkalwa E.M., Mapunda T.X., Matata L.W.	2010	Communications in Biometry and Crop Science	5	1	None	University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Tumbi Agricultural Research and Development Institute, P.O. Box 306, Tabora, Tanzania	Bucheyeki, T.L., University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Shenkalwa, E.M., Tumbi Agricultural Research and Development Institute, P.O. Box 306, Tabora, Tanzania; Mapunda, T.X., Tumbi Agricultural Research and Development Institute, P.O. Box 306, Tabora, Tanzania; Matata, L.W., Tumbi Agricultural Research and Development Institute, P.O. Box 306, Tabora, Tanzania	Sorghum plays a significant role for the smallholder farmers of Tanzania. It is the chief source of food and income for majority of Tanzanians but yields are low and crop management lacking leading to smallholder food and income insecurity. An experiment was conducted in the Nzega and Igunga districts of Tabora to compare improved cultivars Tegemeo, Pato and Macia to the commonly used landrace Wilu for adaptation and yield, assess farmers' preferences, and assess the economic potential of improved sorghum cultivars. Cultivar performance was measured for three seasons in a randomized complete block design with three replications per location. Tegemeo out-yielded other cultivars and had high average yields (2580 kg ha -1). Wilu had the lowest yield (1460 kg ha -1) but had consistent yields across environments. Ninety farmers developed seven criteria for cultivars assessments. Results of the farmers' rankings indicated Tegemeo was the best cultivar and recommended it be grown in the area. An economic analysis indicated the potential of doubling sorghum grain yield from 1000 to 2000 kg ha -1 and income from 525,600 to 928,800 TSh ha -1. The combined statistical, farmers assessment and economic analysis showed changing order of importance of some cultivars which draws attention to breeders and policy makers on the importance of farmer's indigenous technical knowledge acknowledgement and participatory plant breeding in cultivars selection. © CBCS 2010.	Adaptation; Economic analysis; Farmer's assessment; Sorghum bicolour; Yield	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34248524026	The economic impact of climate change on Kenyan crop agriculture: A Ricardian approach	Kabubo-Mariara J., Karanja F.K.	2007	Global and Planetary Change	57	04-Mar	10.1016/j.gloplacha.2007.01.002	School of Economics, University of Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Meteorology, University of Nairobi, Kenya	Kabubo-Mariara, J., School of Economics, University of Nairobi, Kenya; Karanja, F.K., Department of Meteorology, University of Nairobi, Kenya	This paper measures the economic impact of climate on crops in Kenya. We use cross-sectional data on climate, hydrological, soil and household level data for a sample of 816 households. We estimate a seasonal Ricardian model to assess the impact of climate on net crop revenue per acre. The results show that climate affects crop productivity. There is a non-linear relationship between temperature and revenue on one hand and between precipitation and revenue on the other. Estimated marginal impacts suggest that global warming is harmful for crop productivity. Predictions from global circulation models confirm that global warming will have a substantial impact on net crop revenue in Kenya. The results also show that the temperature component of global warming is much more important than precipitation. Findings call for monitoring of climate change and dissemination of information to farmers to encourage adaptations to climate change. Improved management and conservation of available water resources, water harvesting and recycling of wastewater could generate water for irrigation purposes especially in the arid and semi-arid areas. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	adaptations; agriculture; climate change; crop revenue	acclimation; climate change; climate modeling; crop production; economic impact; glacial debris; global warming; precipitation (climatology); Africa; East Africa; Kenya; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-16344366747	Assessing the suitability of the epic crop model for use in the study of impacts of climate variability and climate change in West Africa	Adejuwon J.	2005	Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography	26	1	10.1111/j.0129-7619.2005.00203.x	Department of Geography, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Adejuwon, J., Department of Geography, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	The EPIC (Erosion Productivity Impact Calculator) crop model, developed by scientists of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), has been successfully applied to the study of erosion, water pollution, crop growth and production in the US but is yet to be introduced for serious research purposes in other countries or regions. This paper reports on the applicability of the EPIC 8120 crop model for the assessment of the potential impacts of climate variability and climate change on crop productivity in sub-Saharan West Africa, using Nigeria as the case study. Among the crops whose productivity has been successfully simulated with this model are five of West Africa's staple food crops: maize, millet, sorghum (guinea corn), rice and cassava. Thus, using the model, the sensitivities of maize, sorghum and millet to seasonal rainfall were demonstrated with coefficients of correlation significant at over 98 per cent confidence limits. The validation tests were based on a comparison of the observed and the model-generated yields of rice and maize. The main problems of validation relate to the multiplicity of crop varieties with contrasting performances under similar field conditions. There are also the difficulties in representing micro-environments; in the model. Thus, some gaps appear between the observed and the simulated yields, arising from data or model deficiencies, or both. Based on the results of the sensitivity and validation tests, the EPIC crop model could be satisfactorily employed in assessing the impacts of and adaptations to climate variability and climate change. Its use for the estimation of production and the assessment of vulnerabilities need to be pursued with further field surveys and field experimentation. © Copyright 2005 Department of Geography, National University of Singapore and Blackwell Publishers. Ltd.	Adaptations; Climate change; Climate variability; Crop model; Impacts; West Africa	climate change; climate variation; crop production; crop yield; rainfall; Africa; Eastern Hemisphere; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; World; Manihot esculenta; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84885458261	Socio-economic impacts of climate change on subsistence communities: Some observations from Lesotho	Matarira C.H., Pullanikkatil D., Kaseke T., Shava E., Manatsa D.	2013	International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management	5	4	10.1108/IJCCSM-06-2012-0034	Geography Department, Bindura University of Science Education, Bindura, Zimbabwe; Leadership for Environment and Development-Southern and Eastern Africa, Zomba, Malawi; Environmental Science Department, Bindura University of Science Education, Bindura, Zimbabwe	Matarira, C.H., Geography Department, Bindura University of Science Education, Bindura, Zimbabwe; Pullanikkatil, D., Leadership for Environment and Development-Southern and Eastern Africa, Zomba, Malawi; Kaseke, T., Environmental Science Department, Bindura University of Science Education, Bindura, Zimbabwe; Shava, E., Environmental Science Department, Bindura University of Science Education, Bindura, Zimbabwe; Manatsa, D., Geography Department, Bindura University of Science Education, Bindura, Zimbabwe	Purpose: This study was conducted to assess the socio-economic implications of climate change on the three ecological regions of Lesotho. In the view that climate change is affecting agriculture, subsistence communities are at risk. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach: Two villages were randomly selected from three regions of Lesotho and at least 40 households in each region. The full range of economic activities undertaken was covered to understand how climate affects the communities, and how they are. A livelihood sensitivity matrix was used to determine which resources and livelihoods are most vulnerable to different types of climatic hazards and how the different livelihood activities are impacted by different climate hazards. Findings: A large percentage of the community (>95 percent) was aware of the changing climate and the effects on land productivity. Food crops are the most vulnerable to weather, followed by soil and livestock. Climate variables of major concern were hail, drought and dry spells which reduced crop yields. Originality/value: This research is important especially to policy makers to make informed decisions in as far as climate change response strategies in Lesotho are concerned. This research thus gives a baseline on these climate change impacts on subsistence communities. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Adaptation strategies; Climate change; Lesotho; Livelihoods; Subsistence communities	adaptation; agriculture; climate change; drought; livestock; socioeconomic impact; subsistence; weather; Lesotho	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84925250271	The Collaborative Wilms Tumour Africa Project; Baseline evaluation of Wilms tumour treatment and outcome in eight institutes in sub-Saharan Africa	Paintsil V., David H., Kambugu J., Renner L., Kouya F., Eden T., Hesseling P., Molyneux E., Israels T.	2015	European Journal of Cancer	51	1	10.1016/j.ejca.2014.10.030	Dept of Child Health, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana; Dept of Paediatric Oncology, Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Dept of Paeds Oncology, Uganda Cancer Institute, Kampala, Uganda; Dept of Child Health, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana; Dept of Paediatric Oncology, Mbingo Baptist Hospital, Cameroon; Acad Unit of Paediatric and Adolescent Oncology, University of Manchester, United Kingdom; Dept of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; Dept of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, Blantyrea, Malawi; Department of Paediatric Oncology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117Amsterdam, Netherlands	Paintsil, V., Dept of Child Health, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana; David, H., Dept of Paediatric Oncology, Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Kambugu, J., Dept of Paeds Oncology, Uganda Cancer Institute, Kampala, Uganda; Renner, L., Dept of Child Health, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana; Kouya, F., Dept of Paediatric Oncology, Mbingo Baptist Hospital, Cameroon; Eden, T., Acad Unit of Paediatric and Adolescent Oncology, University of Manchester, United Kingdom; Hesseling, P., Dept of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; Molyneux, E., Dept of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, Blantyrea, Malawi; Israels, T., Department of Paediatric Oncology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117Amsterdam, Netherlands	Aim Reported survival of Wilms tumour in sub-Saharan Africa is below 50%. A published International Society of Pediatric Oncology (SIOP) Pediatric Oncology in Developing Countries (PODC) consensus adapted treatment guideline is implemented as a multi-centre prospective clinical trial at eight centres in sub-Saharan Africa. A baseline evaluation has been done to help decide on priorities to improve outcome and to assess improvements over time. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed of patients admitted with Wilms tumour in the three years (2011-2013) preceding the collaborative trial. Patient outcome at the end of treatment was documented for all patients diagnosed in 2011 and 2012. Outcome was classified as (1) alive, no evidence of disease; (2) alive with disease; (3) died during treatment and (4) incomplete treatment. Details on treatment facilities, staff and estimated cost of treatment are documented. Results Every year 114-130 patients are diagnosed. The mean survival at end of treatment is 39% (69/176) ranging from 11% to 61%. Incomplete treatment is the most common cause of treatment failure with 31% (54/176), ranging from 14% to 48% between centres. Twenty-six percent (46/176) of patients died during treatment, ranging from 13% to 37%. Estimated cost of treatment for parents ranged from 100 US$ to 1100 US$ and was considered an important cause of failure to complete treatment. Conclusion Overall two year survival is estimated at 25%. Prevention of incomplete treatment is possible and will positively affect outcome. Sharing similar local challenges in this regional collaborative project helps to identify and implement feasible, sustainable and successful strategies. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Adapted treatment guideline; Africa; Developing country; Low income country; Nephroblastoma; Regional network; Treatment abandonment; Treatment cost; Treatment related mortality; Wilms tumour	Africa south of the Sahara; Article; cancer patient; cancer survival; demography; follow up; health care cost; health insurance; human; major clinical study; medical record review; nephroblastoma; outcome assessment; priority journal; retrospective study; treatment failure; treatment outcome; clinical trial; economics; female; mortality; multicenter study; prospective study; risk factor; survival; treatment outcome; Wilms Tumor; Africa South of the Sahara; Female; Humans; Prospective Studies; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Survival Analysis; Treatment Outcome; Wilms Tumor	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84875863444	The impact of climate change on the incidence of cattle diseases in a pastoral area of Kenya	Moenga B.O., Muchemi G.M., Kang'ethe E.K., Kimenju J.W., Mutiga E.R., Matete G.O.	2013	Livestock Research for Rural Development	25	4	None	Department of Veterinary Services, P. O. Private bag, 00625, Kabete VetLabs, Kenya; College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 29053, Nairobi, Kenya; Food And Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, Ngecha Rd Offices Off Lower Kabete Road, Kenya	Moenga, B.O., Department of Veterinary Services, P. O. Private bag, 00625, Kabete VetLabs, Kenya; Muchemi, G.M., College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 29053, Nairobi, Kenya; Kang'ethe, E.K., College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 29053, Nairobi, Kenya; Kimenju, J.W., College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 29053, Nairobi, Kenya; Mutiga, E.R., College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 29053, Nairobi, Kenya; Matete, G.O., Food And Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, Ngecha Rd Offices Off Lower Kabete Road, Kenya	Participatory epidemiological methods were used to establish local perceptions and livestock owner's knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAPs) of risk factors of climate variability, the seasonal variations in incidences of livestock diseases, disease vectors, intermediate hosts and rainfall that affect incidences of cattle diseases in pastoral Rift valley of Kenya. Factors influenced by climate change and that could affect livestock diseases include the molecular biology of the pathogen itself; vectors (if any); farming practice and land use; zoological and environmental factors; and the establishment of new microenvironments and microclimates. East coast fever had the highest (68%) morbidity rate of all the five diseases and appeared to affect the adults - (26%) than the weaners - (21%) and calves - (21%) classes respectively. However, mortality was slightly more in the younger age classes. Foot and mouth disease had the second highest reported morbidity at 52% and affected slightly more of the weaners' and adults (20%) than it did the calves (15%). The interaction of these factors were an important consideration in forecasting how livestock diseases particularly ECF and FMD occur. The findings conclude that the future for traditional pastoralists is dismal because they continue to depend on an environment that may no longer support them. Risk assessments focus on looking for combinations of factors that may be directly affected by climate change or that may be indirectly affected through changes in human activity, such as land use (e.g. deforestation), transport and movement of animals, intensity of livestock farming and habitat change is proposed. These may be used to screen for the emergence of unexpected disease events, recommend disease management practices and policy measures to mitigate the impact of climate variability on the spread of livestock diseases.	Adaption; Participatory epidemiological methods; Pastoralists	Animalia; Bos	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84907330626	A framework for monitoring social process and outcomes in environmental programs	Chapman S.	2014	Evaluation and Program Planning	47	None	10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2014.07.004	Institute for Monitoring and Evaluation, Section of Organisational Psychology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7701, South Africa	Chapman, S., Institute for Monitoring and Evaluation, Section of Organisational Psychology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7701, South Africa	When environmental programs frame their activities as being in the service of human wellbeing, social variables need to be integrated into monitoring and evaluation (M&E) frameworks. This article draws upon ecosystem services theory to develop a framework to guide the M&E of collaborative environmental programs with anticipated social benefits. The framework has six components: program need, program activities, pathway process variables, moderating process variables, outcomes, and program value. Needs are defined in terms of ecosystem services, as well as other human needs that must be addressed to achieve outcomes. The pathway variable relates to the development of natural resource governance capacity in the target community. Moderating processes can be externalities such as the inherent capacity of the natural system to service ecosystem needs, local demand for natural resources, policy or socio-economic drivers. Internal program-specific processes relate to program service delivery, targeting and participant responsiveness. Ecological outcomes are expressed in terms of changes in landscape structure and function, which in turn influence ecosystem service provision. Social benefits derived from the program are expressed in terms of the value of the eco-social service to user-specified goals. The article provides suggestions from the literature for identifying indicators and measures for components and component variables, and concludes with an example of how the framework was used to inform the M&E of an adaptive co-management program in western Kenya. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.	Adaptive co-management; Collaborative adaptive management; Community based natural resource management; Conceptual framework; Conservation; Ecosystems services theory; Environmental programs; Indicators; Monitoring and evaluation; Theory-based evaluation	adaptive management; comanagement; community resource management; conceptual framework; conservation; ecosystem service; environmental planning; monitoring; social impact; environmental management; Kenya; cooperation; environmental health; environmental protection; human; Kenya; methodology; organization and management; policy; procedures; program evaluation; socioeconomics; sociology; Conservation of Natural Resources; Cooperative Behavior; Environmental Health; Humans; Kenya; Policy; Program Evaluation; Research Design; Social Sciences; Socioeconomic Factors	None
WoS	WOS:000270208400003	Monitoring in adaptive co-management: Toward a learning based approach	Cundill, Georgina,Fabricius, Christo	2009	JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT	90	11	10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.05.012	Rhodes University, Council for Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) - South Africa, CSIR	"Fabricius, Christo: Rhodes University",	The recognition of complexity and uncertainty in natural resource management has lead to the development of a wealth of conceptual frameworks aimed at integrated assessment and complex systems monitoring. Relatively less attention has however been given to methodological approaches that might facilitate learning as part of the monitoring process. This paper reviews the monitoring literature relevant to adaptive co-management, with a focus on the synergies between existing monitoring frameworks, collaborative monitoring approaches and social learning. The paper discusses the role of monitoring in environmental management in general, and the challenges posed by scale and complexity when monitoring in adaptive co-management. Existing conceptual frameworks for monitoring relevant to adaptive co-management are reviewed, as are lessons from experiences with collaborative monitoring. The paper concludes by offering a methodological approach to monitoring that actively seeks to engender reflexive learning as a means to deal with uncertainty in natural resource management. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved	"adaptive co-management","collaborative monitoring",COMPLEXITY,"SOCIAL LEARNING","BUILDING RESILIENCE",CLIMATE-CHANGE,CONSERVATION,FRAMEWORK,"NATURAL-RESOURCE MANAGEMENT",PERSPECTIVE,"PROTECTED AREAS",SCALE,"SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS",WORLD	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84881303746	Enhancement of speech communication technology performance using adaptive-control factor based spectral subtraction method	Alimia I.A., Kolawolea M.O.	2013	Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology	2013	2	None	Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria; Engineering Department, Positive FM, Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria	Alimia, I.A., Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria; Kolawolea, M.O., Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria, Engineering Department, Positive FM, Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria	This paper presents speech enhancement technique based on Spectral Subtraction (SS) method. SS is a renowned noise reduction technique that works on the principle that noise spectrum estimate over the entire speech spectrum can be subtracted from the noisy signal. On the contrary, most of the noise encountered in the real-world conditions is majorly colored. Unlike Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN), colored noise does not affect the speech signal uniformly over the entire spectrum. To mitigate effects of colored noise on the processed signal, we propose a Multi-Band Spectral Subtraction (MBSS) method using novel Adaptive-Control Factor (ACF). The spectrum is divided into frequency sub bands based on a nonlinear multi-band frame and various signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) are considered. The proposed scheme results in better system performance with quality signal and unlike the basic SS method. It mitigates the effects of anomaly known as "musical" tones artifacts in the processed signal that result in residual noise and speech distortion. The computational complexity involved is minimal. Furthermore, simulation results show that the proposed algorithm removes more colored noise without removing the relatively low amplitude speech signal over the entire speech spectrum. Subjective listening tests, with clean speech signals and different noise levels, show discernable performance of our proposed method when compared with the conventional SS approach.	Adaptive-Control Factor; MBSS; Musical noise; Sub-bands	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84866458564	Improving the performance of adaptive PDPID control of two-link flexible robotic manipulator with ILC	Mahamood R.M.	2012	Engineering Letters	20	3	None	Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ilorin, Nigeria	Mahamood, R.M., Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ilorin, Nigeria	Flexible link manipulator systems (FLMs) have many advantages when compared to their rigid counterpart, these include: higher manipulations peed, low energy consumption, high payload to weight ratio and low overall cost. Controlling FLMs is challenging because of the highly distributed nature of the system. This paper presents a very simple and efficient control algorithm using adaptive Proportional Derivative (PD) Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) (traditional controller) and Iterative Learning Control (ILC) for two-link flexible manipulator. The adaptive control scheme constantly tunes the PD control gains, the PID controls the vibration and the ILC improves the overall performance of the system. The manipulator was modeled using Lagrange and assume mode method. The proposed control law was tested in Matlab/Simulink simulation environment. The performance and the performance index of the proposed control law were compared with those of the PDPID, PDPIDILC and adaptive PDPID controllers. The robustness of the proposed control law was further demonstrated through studying the effect of constant, repeating sequence, square wave and white noise disturbances. The result show that the proposed control law is robust to all these disturbances and has the best performance in all the cases studied.	Adaptive controls; Flexible link manipulator systems; ILC scheme; PD control; PID control	Adaptive Control; Adaptive control schemes; Control laws; Efficient control; Flexible robotic manipulators; Flexible-link manipulators; ILC scheme; Iterative learning control; Lagrange; Low energy consumption; Matlab/Simulink simulation; Mode method; Noise disturbance; Overall costs; PD control; Performance indices; Proportional derivatives; Proportional integral derivatives; Square waves; Two-link; Weight ratios; Adaptive algorithms; Adaptive control systems; Control theory; Controllers; Energy utilization; Flexible manipulators; Three term control systems; White noise; Two term control systems	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79952771499	Performance evaluation of TCP-Friendly rate control enhanced with adaptive filters	Lusilao Zodi G.-A., Nakato Kakande J., Dlodlo M.E., de Jager G., Ferguson K.L.	2011	International Journal of Advancements in Computing Technology	3	1	10.4156/ijact.vol3. issue1.2	Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa	Lusilao Zodi, G.-A., Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Nakato Kakande, J., Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Cape Town, South Africa, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa; Dlodlo, M.E., Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Cape Town, South Africa; de Jager, G., Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Ferguson, K.L., Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa	The emergence of multimedia applications has spurred interest in transport protocols with flexible transmission control. In TCP-Friendly Rate Control (TFRC), the multimedia transmission rate is adapted using the TCP throughput equation. This model, defined in terms of the relationship between throughput, round-trip time and loss rate, ensures that the resulting protocol is TCP compatible. However, standard TFRC wastes bandwidth because it is slow to detect changes in the available capacity. In this paper we take a new direction in tackling this problem. The classical TCP filter used in the estimation of the round-trip time is replaced by two filters namely the adaptive TCP filter and adaptive Kalman filter. Based on jitter, delay and throughput results, it is illustrated that the adaptive filters respond better to drastic changes in network round trip time, providing better aggressiveness and responsiveness in rate adaptation at the multimedia server. The Kalman filter provides the best performance, with the adaptive TCP filter also showing significant improvements over the classical TCP filter.	Adaptive Filters; Internet; QoS Control; Streaming Video	Adaptive kalman filter; Available capacity; Loss rates; Multimedia applications; Multimedia servers; Multimedia transmissions; New directions; Performance evaluation; QoS control; Rate adaptation; Round-trip time; Streaming Video; TCP friendly rate control; TCP throughput; Transmission control; Transport protocols; Adaptive filtering; Adaptive filters; Electric filters; Flow control; Internet; Internet protocols; Jitter; Kalman filters; Packet switching; Throughput; Transmission control protocol	None
None	None	Performance analyses of adaptive IIR notch filters using a PSD-based approach	Mvuma A., Nishimura S., Hinamoto T.	2006	IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences	None	7	10.1093/ietfec/e89-a.7.2079	Department of Telecommunications Engineering, University of Dar Es Salaam, P.O. Box 35131, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Shimane University, Matsue-shi, 690-9504, Japan; Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima-shi, 739-8527, Japan	Mvuma, A., Department of Telecommunications Engineering, University of Dar Es Salaam, P.O. Box 35131, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Nishimura, S., Shimane University, Matsue-shi, 690-9504, Japan; Hinamoto, T., Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima-shi, 739-8527, Japan	In this letter we present steady-state analyses of a gradient algorithm (GA) for second-order adaptive infinite impulse response (IIR) notch filters. A method for deriving more accurate estimation mean square error (MSE) expressions than the recently proposed method is presented. The method is based on the estimation error power spectral density (PSD). Moreover, an expression for the estimation bias for the adaptive IIR notch filter with constrained poles and zeros is shown to be obtained from the estimation MSE expression. Simulations are presented to confirm the validity of the analyses. Copyright © 2006 The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers.	Adaptive IIR notch filters; Bias; Gradient algorithm (GA); Mean square error (MSE); Power spectral density (PSD)	Adaptive systems; Algorithms; Computer simulation; Error analysis; IIR filters; Poles and zeros; Gradient algorithm (GA); Infinite impulse response (IIR); Mean square error (MSE); Power spectral density (PSD; Notch filters	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84922678616	Managing uncertainty, ambiguity and ignorance in impact assessment by embedding evolutionary resilience, participatory modelling and adaptive management	Bond A., Morrison-Saunders A., Gunn J.A.E., Pope J., Retief F.	2015	Journal of Environmental Management	151	None	10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.12.030	School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom; School of Geo and Spatial Sciences, North-West University, South Africa; Environmental Science, Murdoch University, Australia; Department of Geography and Planning, School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Canada; Integral Sustainability, Australia	Bond, A., School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom, School of Geo and Spatial Sciences, North-West University, South Africa; Morrison-Saunders, A., School of Geo and Spatial Sciences, North-West University, South Africa, Environmental Science, Murdoch University, Australia; Gunn, J.A.E., Department of Geography and Planning, School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Canada; Pope, J., School of Geo and Spatial Sciences, North-West University, South Africa, Integral Sustainability, Australia; Retief, F., School of Geo and Spatial Sciences, North-West University, South Africa	In the context of continuing uncertainty, ambiguity and ignorance in impact assessment (IA) prediction, the case is made that existing IA processes are based on false 'normal' assumptions that science can solve problems and transfer knowledge into policy. Instead, a 'post-normal science' approach is needed that acknowledges the limits of current levels of scientific understanding. We argue that this can be achieved through embedding evolutionary resilience into IA; using participatory workshops; and emphasising adaptive management. The goal is an IA process capable of informing policy choices in the face of uncertain influences acting on socio-ecological systems. We propose a specific set of process steps to operationalise this post-normal science approach which draws on work undertaken by the Resilience Alliance. This process differs significantly from current models of IA, as it has a far greater focus on avoidance of, or adaptation to (through incorporating adaptive management subsequent to decisions), unwanted future scenarios rather than a focus on the identification of the implications of a single preferred vision. Implementing such a process would represent a culture change in IA practice as a lack of knowledge is assumed and explicit, and forms the basis of future planning activity, rather than being ignored. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.	Adaptive management; Ambiguity; Evolutionary resilience; Ignorance; Post-normal science; Uncertainty	adaptive management; environmental impact assessment; environmental planning; numerical model; participatory approach; policy making; uncertainty analysis; adaptive environmental management; ambiguity; Article; ecosystem resilience; environmental impact assessment; quantitative analysis; uncertainty; environmental health; health impact assessment; human; theoretical model; uncertainty; Environmental Health; Health Impact Assessment; Humans; Models, Theoretical; Uncertainty	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84864859953	Impact-based cost-benefit analysis model for management of crude oil contaminated agricultural soil	Ogugua V.N., Egolum C.C., Onyike N.B., Onwurah I.N.E.	2012	International Journal of Environment and Waste Management	10	03-Feb	10.1504/IJEWM.2012.048373	Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Enugu State, Nigeria; Department of Estate Management, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Anambra State, Nigeria; Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Abia State University, Abia State, Nigeria; Polluti	Ogugua, V.N., Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Enugu State, Nigeria; Egolum, C.C., Department of Estate Management, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Anambra State, Nigeria; Onyike, N.B., Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Abia State University, Abia State, Nigeria; Onwurah, I.N.E., Pollution Control and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Enugu State, Nigeria	Evaluating the compensation payable to farmers whose farms/farmlands have been rendered unproductive due to oil spill requires adequate scientific research and improved decision-making. This work proposes a bacterial-based mathematical framework as a decision-support system for evaluating crude oil spill impact on agricultural soil. The rate of 'in situ' biodegradation of the crude oil predicts the half-life of the spilled crude oil in the soil ecosystem while the inherent toxicity of the spilled oil provided the impact value (E), which was integrated into a version of Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) model referred to as Impact-Based Cost-Benefit Analysis (IBCBA) that can be used for computing the adequate compensation payable. Scientific research initiatives that may engender integrated management of crude oil-contaminated agricultural soil are highlighted. © 2012 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.	Adaptive management; Biodegradation rate; Oil-polluted soil; Valuation	Adaptive Management; Agricultural soils; Analysis models; Biodegradation rate; Impact value; In-situ; Integrated management; Mathematical frameworks; Scientific researches; Agriculture; Biodegradation; Cost effectiveness; Crude oil; Decision support systems; Microbiology; Oil spills; Resource valuation; Soil pollution; Soils; Solid wastes; Waste management; Geologic models	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897073950	Incentivizing Monitoring and Compliance in Trophy Hunting	Bunnefeld N., Edwards C.T.T., Atickem A., Hailu F., Milner-Gulland E.J.	2013	Conservation Biology	27	6	10.1111/cobi.12120	Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, SL5 7PY, United Kingdom; School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, United Kingdom; Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066, Blindern, NO-0316, Norway; Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority (EWCA), P.O. Box 386, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Bunnefeld, N., Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, SL5 7PY, United Kingdom, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, United Kingdom; Edwards, C.T.T., Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, SL5 7PY, United Kingdom; Atickem, A., Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066, Blindern, NO-0316, Norway; Hailu, F., Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority (EWCA), P.O. Box 386, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Milner-Gulland, E.J., Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, SL5 7PY, United Kingdom	Conservation scientists are increasingly focusing on the drivers of human behavior and on the implications of various sources of uncertainty for management decision making. Trophy hunting has been suggested as a conservation tool because it gives economic value to wildlife, but recent examples show that overharvesting is a substantial problem and that data limitations are rife. We use a case study of trophy hunting of an endangered antelope, the mountain nyala (Tragelaphus buxtoni), to explore how uncertainties generated by population monitoring and poaching interact with decision making by 2 key stakeholders: the safari companies and the government. We built a management strategy evaluation model that encompasses the population dynamics of mountain nyala, a monitoring model, and a company decision making model. We investigated scenarios of investment into antipoaching and monitoring by governments and safari companies. Harvest strategy was robust to the uncertainty in the population estimates obtained from monitoring, but poaching had a much stronger effect on quota and sustainability. Hence, reducing poaching is in the interests of companies wishing to increase the profitability of their enterprises, for example by engaging community members as game scouts. There is a threshold level of uncertainty in the population estimates beyond which the year-to-year variation in the trophy quota prevented planning by the safari companies. This suggests a role for government in ensuring that a baseline level of population monitoring is carried out such that this level is not exceeded. Our results illustrate the importance of considering the incentives of multiple stakeholders when designing frameworks for resource use and when designing management frameworks to address the particular sources of uncertainty that affect system sustainability most heavily. © 2013 The Authors. Conservation Biology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc., on behalf of the Society for Conservation Biology.	Adaptive management; Conflict; Harvesting; Natural resources; Social-ecological system; Socioeconomics; Sustainability	adaptive management; compliance; conservation management; decision making; deer; environmental monitoring; human behavior; hunting; natural resource; nature-society relations; socioeconomic status; stakeholder; state role; sustainability; wild population; Tragelaphus buxtoni; adaptive management; animal; antelope; article; awards and prizes; colecta; conflict; conflicto; endangered species; environmental protection; harvesting; human; human activities; manejo adaptativo; methodology; motivation; natural resources; physiology; population density; psychological aspect; recursos naturales; sistema socio-ecológico; social-ecological system; socioeconomics; socioeconomía; sustainability; sustentabilidad; adaptive management; colecta; conflict; conflicto; harvesting; manejo adaptativo; natural resources; recursos naturales; sistema socio-ecológico; social-ecological system; socioeconomics; socioeconomía; sustainability; sustentabilidad; Animals; Antelopes; Awards and Prizes; Conservation of Natural Resources; Endangered Species; Human Activities; Humans; Motivation; Population Density	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-27644547370	From impact assessment to effective management plans: Learning from the Great Brak Estuary in South Africa	Slinger J.H., Huizinga P., Taljaard S., van Niekerk L., Enserink B.	2005	Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal	23	3	None	Policy Analysis Section, Faculty of Technology Policy and Management, Delft University of Technology, Jaffalaan 5, 2628BX Delft, Netherlands; CSIR, Box 320, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa	Slinger, J.H., Policy Analysis Section, Faculty of Technology Policy and Management, Delft University of Technology, Jaffalaan 5, 2628BX Delft, Netherlands; Huizinga, P., CSIR, Box 320, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Taljaard, S., CSIR, Box 320, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; van Niekerk, L., CSIR, Box 320, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Enserink, B., Policy Analysis Section, Faculty of Technology Policy and Management, Delft University of Technology, Jaffalaan 5, 2628BX Delft, Netherlands	In 1990, the environmental impacts of an upstream dam on the Great Brak town and estuary were assessed and a management plan and monitoring programme were devised. In a recent review of the monitoring results, planned water releases and interventions in the form of timely mouth breaching were found to have ensured that, although the estuary's abiotic functioning has altered, its biotic health has not deteriorated over the last ten years. The lessons learned are captured in the revised management plan of 2004, which exhibits a clear shift to explicit communication plans and operational procedures, indicating that the initial environmental impact assessment (EIA) products were rudimentary. We argue that learning-through-doing and active public participation in the Great Brak case are essential ingredients in the adaptive management that is fundamental to successful EIA follow-up. © IAIA 2005.	Adaptive management; EIA follow-up; Freshwater requirements; Mouth breaching; Public participation; Water management	assessment method; environmental impact; freshwater; monitoring system; Africa; Eastern Hemisphere; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; World	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-63549102860	Morphology, ornaments and performance in two chameleon ecomorphs: is the casque bigger than the bite?	Measey G.J., Hopkins K., Tolley K.A.	2009	Zoology	112	3	10.1016/j.zool.2008.09.005	Applied Biodiversity Research, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag X7, Claremont Cape Town, 7735, South Africa; Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, South Africa	Measey, G.J., Applied Biodiversity Research, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag X7, Claremont Cape Town, 7735, South Africa, Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, South Africa; Hopkins, K., Applied Biodiversity Research, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag X7, Claremont Cape Town, 7735, South Africa; Tolley, K.A., Applied Biodiversity Research, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag X7, Claremont Cape Town, 7735, South Africa	The evolution of ecomorphs within a species may represent either unique evolutionary events or multiple convergent events in similar environments. Functional studies of differing morphological traits of ecomorphs have been important to elucidate their role in adaptive radiations. The Cape dwarf chameleon, Bradypodion pumilum, has two ecomorphs: a large, brightly colored, ornate form found in closed habitats, and a small, dull form with reduced ornamentation found in open vegetation. The typical form is known to use casque size to communicate fighting ability, but it is unknown whether this is an honest signal and whether casque size is related to bite force. We show through a population genetic analysis that these ecomorphs are not separate genetic lineages but the result of multiple transitions between closed and open habitats. From measurements of ornamental and non-ornamental morphological characters and bite force in 105 chameleons, we find that bite force is significantly related to head size and is best predicted by head width. Bite force was reasonably predicted by casque height in ecomorphs from closed habitats, but not in those from open habitats. For size-adjusted data, open habitat males had wider heads, biting harder than closed habitat males. Our data suggest honesty in signaling for closed habitat ecomorphs, but for open habitat ecomorphs communication is different, a finding commensurate with the common framework for species radiations. © 2009 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.	Adaptive radiation; Bite force; Bradypodion pumilum; Combat; Conspecific signaling	aggression; animal; animal behavior; article; bites and stings; body size; classification; female; histology; lizard; male; physiology; skull; Aggression; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Bites and Stings; Body Size; Female; Lizards; Male; Skull; Bradypodion pumilum; Chamaeleonidae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-21244483602	Long-term integrated soil fertility management in South-western Nigeria: Crop performance and impact on the soil fertility status	Vanlauwe B., Diels J., Sanginga N., Merckx R.	2005	Plant and Soil	273	02-Jan	10.1007/s11104-005-0194-2	Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Institute of CIAT, PO Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya; International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria; C/o L.W. Lambourn and Co., 26 Dingwall Road, Croydon CR9 3EE, United Kingdom; Laboratory of Soil and Water Management, Department of Land Management, K.U. Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium	Vanlauwe, B., Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Institute of CIAT, PO Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya; Diels, J., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria, C/o L.W. Lambourn and Co., 26 Dingwall Road, Croydon CR9 3EE, United Kingdom; Sanginga, N., Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Institute of CIAT, PO Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya; Merckx, R., Laboratory of Soil and Water Management, Department of Land Management, K.U. Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium	Crop response, tree biomass production and changes in soil fertility characteristics were monitored in a long-term (1986-2002) alley-cropping trial in Ibadan, Nigeria. The systems included two alley cropping systems with Leucaena leucocephala and Senna siamea on the one hand and a control (no-trees) system on the other hand, all cropped annually with a maize-cowpea rotation. All systems had a plus and minus fertilizer treatment. Over the years, the annual biomass return through tree prunings declined steadily, but more drastically for Leucaena than for Senna. In 2002, the nitrogen contribution from Leucaena residues stabilized at about 200 kg N/ha/year, while the corresponding value for Senna was about 160 kg N/ha/year. On average, the four Leucaena prunings were more equal in biomass as well as in amounts of N, P and cations, while the first Sennapruning was always contributing up to 60% of the annual biomass or nutrient return. Maize crop yields declined steadily in all treatments, but the least so in the Senna + fertilizer treatment where in 2002 still 2.2 tonnes/ha of maize were obtained. Nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency was usually higher in the Senna treatment compared to the control or the Leucaena treatment. Added benefits due to the combined use of fertilizer N and organic matter additions were observed only for the Sennatreatment and only in the last 6 years. At all other times, they remained absent or were even negative in the Leucaenatreatments for the first 3 years. Most chemical soil fertility parameters decreased in all the treatments, but less so in the alley cropping systems. The presence of trees had a positive effect on remaining carbon stocks, while they were reduced compared to the 1986 data. Trees had a positive effect on the maintenance of exchangeable cations in the top soil. Exchangeable Ca, Mg and K - and hence ECEC - were only slightly reduced after 16 years of cropping in the tree-based systems, and even increased in the Senna treatments. In the control treatments, values for all these parameters reduced to 50% or less of the original values after 16 years. All the above points to the Senna-based alley system with fertilizers as the more resilient one. This is reflected in all soil fertility parameters, in added benefits due to the combined use of fertilizer nitrogen and organic residue application and in a more stable maize yield over the years, averaging 2.8 tonnes/ha with maximal deviations from the average not exceeding 21%. © Springer 2005.	Added benefits; Alley cropping; Leucaena leucocephala; Maize; Nitrogen use efficiency; Senna siamea	alley cropping; biomass; crop performance; fertilizer application; soil fertility; Africa; Eastern Hemisphere; Ibadan; Nigeria; Oyo; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; World; Leucaena; Leucaena leucocephala; Senna; Senna siamea; Zea mays	None
WoS	WOS:000258977600014	The economic impact of HIV/AIDS morbidity and mortality on households in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Araya, T.,Davey, G.,Mariam, D. Haile,Reniers, G.,Tekola, F.	2008	AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV	20	8	10.1080/09540120701777256	Addis Ababa University, University of Colorado Boulder, University of Colorado System, University of Witwatersrand	"Araya, T.: Addis Ababa University","Davey, G.: Addis Ababa University","Mariam, D. Haile: Addis Ababa University","Tekola, F.: Addis Ababa University",	The present study investigates whether the household-level economic impact of an adult AIDS death is different from that of death from another cause. The data come from cross-sectional post-mortem interviews (verbal autopsies) with relatives or primary caregivers of deceased adults randomly selected from deaths recorded in an ongoing burial surveillance in Addis Ababa. Our analyses consist of three parts. First, we assess the sociodemographic risk factors for AIDS mortality. Subsequently, we reverse the causal order of this relationship and carry out an analysis of the effect of AIDS mortality on the subjective experience of change in the household's financial situation following the death of a household member. Finally, we quantify the direct and indirect costs of illness and death on the household. Results indicate that households experiencing an HIV/AIDS death are poorer than those experiencing a non-HIV/AIDS death. In addition, poorer households experience a greater decline in socioeconomic status following death of a household member. AIDS mortality has more detrimental effects on the household economic status than deaths due to other causes. While the difference between AIDS and non-AIDS mortality in terms of direct costs is minimal, the indirect cost of an AIDS death per household exceeds that of non-AIDS death by 58%. In conclusion, poor households are more likely to experience an AIDS death and in turn are more vulnerable to the socioeconomic impact of death. Therefore, it is justifiable to target HIV-impact mitigation programs on poorer households.	"Addis Ababa",ETHIOPIA,HIV/AIDS,MORBIDITY,MORTALITY,"socioeconomic impact",AFRICA,AIDS,EXPENDITURE,HIV-INFECTION,RISK,SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84929940620	Assessment of the monitoring and evaluation system for integrated community case management (iCCM) in Ethiopia: A comparison against global benchmark indicators	Mamo D., Hazel E., Lemma I., Guenther T., Bekele A., Demeke B.	2014	Ethiopian Medical Journal	52	None	None	Institute for International Programs, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States; Private Consultant on Health Systems, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Save the Children USA, Washington, DC, United States; Save the Children, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Mamo, D., Institute for International Programs, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States; Hazel, E., Private Consultant on Health Systems, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Lemma, I., Save the Children USA, Washington, DC, United States; Guenther, T., Save the Children, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Bekele, A., Save the Children, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Demeke, B., Institute for International Programs, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States	Background. Program managers require feasible, timely, reliable, and valid measures of iCCM implementation to identify problems and assess progress. The global iCCM Task Force developed benchmark indicators to guide implementers to develop or improve monitoring and evaluation (M&E) systems. Objective. To assesses Ethiopia's iCCM M&E system by determining the availability and feasibility of the iCCM benchmark indicators. Methods. We conducted a desk review of iCCM policy documents, monitoring tools, survey reports, and other relevant documents; and key informant interviews with government and implementing partners involved in iCCM scale -up and M&E. Results. Currently, Ethiopia collects data to inform most (70% [33/47]) iCCM benchmark indicators, and modest extra effort could boost this to 83% (39/47). Eight (17%) are not available given the current system. Most benchmark indicators that track coordination and policy, human resources, service delivery and referral, supervision, and quality assurance are available through the routine monitoring systems or periodic surveys. Indicators for supply chain management are less available due to limited consumption data and a weak link with treatment data. Little information is available on iCCM costs. Conclusion. Benchmark indicators can detail the status of iCCM implementation; however, some indicators may not fit country priorities, and others may be difficidt to collect. The government of Ethiopia and partners should review and prioritize the benchmark indicators to determine which should be included in the routine M&E system, especially since iCCM data are being reviewed for addition to the IIMIS. Moreover, the Health Extension Worker's reporting burden can be minimized by an integrated reporting approach.	Addis Ababa; Ethiopia; Private consultant on public health monitoring and evaluation	case management; community care; Ethiopia; health care quality; human; integrated health care system; quality control; standards; Benchmarking; Case Management; Community Health Services; Delivery of Health Care, Integrated; Ethiopia; Humans; Quality Assurance, Health Care; Quality Indicators, Health Care; Quality of Health Care	None
WoS	WOS:000208285300008	Impacts of public solar PV electrification on rural micro-enterprises: The case of Ghana	Evers, H-D,Obeng, G. Y.	2010	ENERGY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT	14	3	10.1016/j.esd.2010.07.005	University of Bonn, Kwame Nkrumah University Science & Technology, Kwame Nkrumah Univ Sci & Technol	"Evers, H-D: University of Bonn",	Micro-enterprises are a key component in rural enterprise creation and income generation. In rural areas far removed from grid-electricity, public solar photovoltaic (PV) electrification projects have served useful purposes by contributing to improve the economic activities of micro-enterprises beyond daylight hours. Through fee-for-service approach some rural micro-enterprises in Ghana were provided with access to solar PV systems to enhance their output. It is expected that the effect of solar PV electrification on enterprise output would be of research interest. However, the relationship is under-researched. Hence, there is lack of data particularly quantitative ones to show the benefits that can be derived from the sustainable use of solar PV to electrifiy rural micro-enterprises. Using systematic sampling and developing a set of enterprise-level indicators, micro-enterprises with and without solar PV were surveyed in eight rural communities in five regions of Ghana. The results revealed that the cost avoided by using solar PV in the enterprises instead of kerosene lanterns was US$1-5/month. The results established a statistically significant association between solar PV lighting and additional income after sunset of US$5-12/day in grocery (merchandise) enterprises. Without the external lighting of solar-electrified enterprises, the businesses of about two night vendors were affected. Further to the impacts on income and cost savings the study discussed affordability, factors preventing the extension of working hours after sunset and sustainability issues. (C) 2010 International Energy Initiative. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	"Additional income",GHANA,"Rural micro-enterprises","solar PV"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34147133701	Developing age-structured stock assessment models as a basis for management procedure evaluations for Namibian sardine	De Oliveira J.A.A., Boyer H.J., Kirchner C.H.	2007	Fisheries Research	85	42371	10.1016/j.fishres.2007.01.010	The Centre for the Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, United Kingdom; Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources, Box 912, Swakopmund, Namibia, South Africa	De Oliveira, J.A.A., The Centre for the Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, United Kingdom; Boyer, H.J., Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources, Box 912, Swakopmund, Namibia, South Africa; Kirchner, C.H., Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources, Box 912, Swakopmund, Namibia, South Africa	The Namibian sardine stock has experienced intense exploitation since 1950, with catches peaking at 1.4 million tonnes in 1968, followed by a collapse in the 1970s and 1980s. Namibia therefore inherited a severely depleted stock at Independence in 1990. The paper describes data available since Independence, which includes research survey data, and length frequencies obtained from port sampling. It also presents age-structured stock assessment models, which consider some of the main sources of uncertainty relating to values for natural mortality, and assumptions about survey bias, density-dependent effects in survey bias and variance, and the form of the stock-recruit curve. These models could be used as "operating models" to underpin the future development of management procedures for Namibian sardine. Despite reasonable fits, 95% confidence intervals for natural mortality are fairly wide and estimates of precision poor for most models considered. However, the model that assumes density-dependence in survey variance shows superior fits and improved estimates compared to the others, despite reservations about the existence of such effects. This indicates the need to explore the possibility of density-dependence in survey variance further if future management procedure performance is negatively affected by it. Crown Copyright © 2007.	Additional variance; Density-dependence; Namibian sardine; Operating model; Survey bias	None	None
None	None	Comparative growth and livability performance of exotic, indigenous chickens and their crosses in Tanzania	Munisi W.G., Katule A.M., Mbaga S.H.	2015	Livestock Research for Rural Development	27	4	None	Tanzania Livestock Research Institute - Mpwapwa, P.O.Box 202 Dodoma, Tanzania; Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P. O. Box 3014, Morogoro, Tanzania	Munisi, W.G., Tanzania Livestock Research Institute - Mpwapwa, P.O.Box 202 Dodoma, Tanzania; Katule, A.M., Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P. O. Box 3014, Morogoro, Tanzania; Mbaga, S.H., Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P. O. Box 3014, Morogoro, Tanzania	A study was conducted in central Tanzania to compare growth performance and livability of two exotic stocks namely Broiler (B) and Black Australorp (A), and two indigenous chickens sourced from warm (W) and cool(C) ecological zones and their crossbreds. The four parental stocks were used in 4x4 diallel crossing to produce 16 genetic stocks totaling 1256 experimental chicks. Birds were fed on nutritionally balanced diets to meet their requirements as per age and physiological stage. Variables studied were livability from day old to 48 weeks of age and body weights at day old, 4, 8 and 12 weeks of age. The data on growth traits were recorded on individual bird basis and analyzed using the General Linear Models procedure of SAS (2003), while frequency procedure of SAS (2003) was used for livability analysis. Results revealed that genetic stocks differed in body weight at various ages. The broiler genetic stock (BB) was the heaviest at all ages. Among the indigenous ecotypes, the genetic stock from cool ecological zone (CC) was heavier than that from warm ecological zone (WW). However, at 12 weeks of age, the cross between the indigenous chickens from warm ecological zone and broiler (WB) in female birds as well as the cross between the broiler and indigenous chickens from the warm ecological zone (BW) in male birds had body weights which were close to that of straight broiler stocks (BB). The mean body weights of 12 weeks of age of the crosses ranged from 625g in the cross between indigenous chickens from the warm ecological zone and the indigenous chickens from the cool ecological zone (WC) to 1537g in the cross between the warm ecological zone and the broiler stocks (WB) for female birds. Similarly at 12 weeks of age, the mean body weights for male birds ranged from 894g in the cross between the indigenous chickens from the warm ecological zone and Black Australorp (WA) to 1833g in the cross between the broiler and indigenous chickens from the warm ecological zone (BW). Livability also differed significantly (p< 0.001) among genetic stocks in favor of the cross between Black Australorp and broiler (AB) females and its reciprocal (BA). The survival rate for female birds ranged from 32.3% in the indigenous chickens from the warm ecological zone (WW) to 72.3% in the cross between the broiler and the Black Australorp stocks (BA).The additive genetic contribution from the broiler stocks (BB) was higher than those of other stocks with respect to body weights. It is concluded that if is aimed at improving body weight and overall survival rate, then both broiler and Black Australorp crosses would offer the best option under moderate input production conditions. © 2015, Fundacion CIPAV. All rights reserved.	Additive breed effects; Body weight; Diallel crossing; Dual purpose chickens; Genetic stock; Heterosis; Reciprocal effects; Synthetic breeding	Aves; Gallus gallus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84857968967	Comparative performance of two commercial egg strains, the indigenous chickens and their random bred progenies	Ogbu C.C., Udeh I., Nwakpu P.C.	2012	Livestock Research for Rural Development	24	3	None	Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, Delta State University, Asaba Campus, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria	Ogbu, C.C., Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Udeh, I., Department of Animal Science, Delta State University, Asaba Campus, Nigeria; Nwakpu, P.C., Department of Animal Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria	The performance of two commercial egg type chickens, the indigenous chickens, and their random bred progenies in body weight (BWT), body weight gain (BWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), body weight at first egg (BWFE), weight of first egg (WTFE) and age at sexual maturity (ASM) were compared. The objectives were to evaluate the effect of within strain mating on the performance traits and to compare the cost of raising parents and progenies to point of lay. Results indicate significant (p ≤ 0.05) reduction in all the traits studied in the progenies. Percentages of inbreeding depression (ID %) were significant (p ≤ 0.05) for BWG1 in strains 1, 2 and 3 at tcal 3.57, 9.37 and 10.00, respectively; BWG2 in strains 1 and 3 at tcal 3.42 and 10.44, respectively; BWG3 in strains 1 and 2 at tcal 12.80 and 16.46, respectively; FCR1 and FCR2 at tcal -3.89 and -5.50, respectively in strain 1, -7.41 and -7.68, respectively in strain 2, and -4.93 and -9.12, respectively in strain 3. Ttab, 0.95 for error df6 for all values was 2.447. These changes resulted in decreases in feed efficiency, reduced BWFE and WTFE, later age at sexual maturity and increase in cost of production to point of lay of the progenies. There was greater loss of performance in progenies of the commercial hybrids than for those of the local strain. Therefore, exotic commercial hybrid chickens should not be used as breeders for the production of replacement day-old chicks for commercial egg production.	Additive gene effect; Dominance; Epistasis; Heterozygosity; Hybrid; Inbreeding depression	Gallus gallus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84904332448	Combining Ability Analysis of Storage Root Yield and Related Traits in Cassava at the Seedling Evaluation Stage of Breeding	Tumuhimbise R., Shanahan P., Melis R., Kawuki R.	2014	Journal of Crop Improvement	28	4	10.1080/15427528.2014.923798	African Centre for Crop Improvement, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; National Crops Resources Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Organization, Kampala, Uganda	Tumuhimbise, R., African Centre for Crop Improvement, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, National Crops Resources Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Organization, Kampala, Uganda; Shanahan, P., African Centre for Crop Improvement, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Melis, R., African Centre for Crop Improvement, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Kawuki, R., National Crops Resources Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Organization, Kampala, Uganda	Selection of genotypes at the seedling evaluation stage of cassava breeding for advancement is largely based on high heritability traits. Moreover, combining ability and family data at this stage are rarely analyzed, leading to a loss of potential genetic information. This study was conducted to estimate the general combining ability (GCA) of nine cassava parents and specific combining ability (SCA) of their crosses for storage root yield (SRY) and related traits, as well as to determine the gene action controlling these traits. Thirty-six full-sib cassava families were developed from a 9 x 9 half-diallel mating design and evaluated in a 6 x 6 triple lattice design. The family mean squares (MS) were significantly different for all traits assessed, suggesting significant differences among families for all traits. The GCA MS were significant for all traits, whereas SCA MS were significant for only storage root number (SRN). Percentage sum of squares attributable to GCA accounted for >50.0% of variability expressed by families in five of the seven traits studied, indicating predominance of additive gene effects in controlling expression of most traits. Parent CT4 was the best general combiner for SRY, SRN, and resistance to cassava brown streak and mosaic diseases, while crosses NASE3 x CT2, CT5 x CT3, and NASE3 x CT4 had desirable SCA effects for SRY. Correlation analysis indicated a possibility of selecting for SRY and quality traits simultaneously. Simultaneous selection of these traits at the seedling generational stage of cassava breeding could reduce the cassava breeding cycle. Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.	additive gene effects; crosses; Manihot esculenta Crantz; non-additive gene effects; parents	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80053500351	Genetic analysis of performance of maize inbred lines under drought stress	Silvestro K.M., Menkir A., Ajala S.	2011	Journal of Crop Improvement	25	5	10.1080/15427528.2011.592570	International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Maize Improvement Unit, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, PMB 5320 Oyo Road, Ibadan, Nigeria	Silvestro, K.M., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Maize Improvement Unit, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, PMB 5320 Oyo Road, Ibadan, Nigeria; Menkir, A., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Maize Improvement Unit, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, PMB 5320 Oyo Road, Ibadan, Nigeria; Ajala, S., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Maize Improvement Unit, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, PMB 5320 Oyo Road, Ibadan, Nigeria	The majority of farmers in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) depend on maize (Zea mays L.), which is mostly grown in drought-prone areas. Understanding the inheritance of drought tolerance would help in developing drought-tolerant maize hybrids that would help increase maize production under erratic rainfalls. Twenty-four maize inbred lines were subjected to NC design II to generate 96 single-cross hybrids. The 24 inbred lines and their 96 hybrids were evaluated under managed drought-stress conditions between 2002 and 2005 at Ikenne, Nigeria. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of drought-susceptible and drought-tolerant inbred lines on performance of their hybrids, investigate mode of inheritance of drought tolerance, and determine the relationship between parental lines and their hybrids. Most crosses with at least one drought-tolerant parent produced tolerant hybrids, and the crosses between susceptible inbred lines produced susceptible hybrids. General combining ability (GCA) accounted for 55% to 87% of total variation among hybrids for most of the traits. Additive genetic effects influenced grain yield under drought stress. Correlation coefficient between grain yield of the inbred lines and their hybrids was positive and highly significant (r = 0.46 ***) under severe drought stress and relatively low (r = 0.30 **) under mild drought stress and well-watered (r = 0.34 **) regimes. Grain yield of inbred lines represented &gt;20% of hybrid yield under severe stress. KU1409, 1824, 9006, 9432, and TZMI501xKU1414x501 had positive GCA effects for yield under drought stress and could be used for developing drought-tolerant hybrids. © Taylor &amp; Francis Group, LLC.	Additive genetic effects; Drought tolerance; Maize hybrids; Susceptible lines; Tolerant lines	Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84855452891	Comparative indices for the evaluation of the effectiveness of intercropping systems in yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria	Abakura J.B., Gungula D.T., Sajo A.A.	2010	Discovery and Innovation	21	04-Mar	None	Department of Vocational Education, Federal University of Technology, Yola (FUTY), Nigeria; Department of Crop Production and Horticulture FUTY, Nigeria	Abakura, J.B., Department of Vocational Education, Federal University of Technology, Yola (FUTY), Nigeria; Gungula, D.T., Department of Crop Production and Horticulture FUTY, Nigeria; Sajo, A.A., Department of Vocational Education, Federal University of Technology, Yola (FUTY), Nigeria	Field experiments were conducted during 2002, 2003, and 2004 rainfed cropping seasons at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Department of Crop Production and Horticulture, Federal University of Technology, Yola, Nigeria. The experiments were conducted to evaluate the advantages of additive intercropping (maize-groundnut, maize-cowpea and maize-soybean). The indices (models) used included land equivalent ratio (LER), area × time equivalent ratio (ATER) and crop compensation ratio (CCR), which are commonly used to evaluate the effectiveness of intercropping systems. The total LER and ATER of the intercrops were quite similar in three years because the maturity of maize and legumes did not vary significantly among the intercrops and the sole crops in Yola. The yield advantages as per total LER ranged from 64% to 80% while the ATER ranged from 71% to 93% in 2003. The highest value of CCR of 2.70 in 2003 and 2.59 in 2002 were obtained from maize-cowpea grown at 1m × 0.20m., while a value of 1.47 was obtained by maize-groundnut grown at 1m × 0.20m intra row spacing in 2004. This study justified the choice of farmers in the region who more often grow maize-cowpea rather than maize-groundnut or maize-soybean because of the greater compensation ratio associated with maize-cowpea intercropping.	Additive intercropping; Comparative indices; Effectiveness; Yola	Arachis hypogaea; Glycine max; Yola; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880098112	Evaluation of specific gravity of potato varieties in Ethiopia as a criterion for determining processing quality	Abebe T., Wongchaochant S., Taychasinpitak T.	2013	Kasetsart Journal - Natural Science	47	1	None	Amhara Agricultural Research Institute, Adet Agricultural Research Center, P.O.Box 08, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Department of Horticulture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand	Abebe, T., Amhara Agricultural Research Institute, Adet Agricultural Research Center, P.O.Box 08, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Wongchaochant, S., Department of Horticulture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Taychasinpitak, T., Department of Horticulture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand	Specific gravity (SG) is the measure of choice for estimating dry matter (DMC) and starch content (SC) and ultimately for determining the processing quality of potato varieties. Evaluation of the SG of 25 potato varieties was carried out at three distinct locations in the Amhara region of Ethiopia with the main objectives of determining their culinary quality and most suitable areas of production. The varieties were planted in a 5 × 5 balanced lattice design of six replications during the 2011 rainy season. The results of the data analysis showed highly significant (P < 0.01) genotypic and location differences and significant (P < 0.05) genotype × environment interactions. The pooled SG values ranged from 1.058 to 1.102. The SG of tubers of the improved variety Belete was the highest while that of Menagesha was the lowest. Furthermore, the SG values for varieties grown at Debretabor were higher than those for the corresponding varieties grown at Adet and Merawi. The DMC and SC were computed based on the SG and showed significant (P < 0.01) genotypic variability. The highest DMC and SC were also obtained at Debretabor; thus, it is an ideal location to grow potatoes for high DMC and starch accumulation. Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction analysis identified CIP-392640.524, Zengena, Jalenie and Belete as stable genotypes with SG values above average.	Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction analysis; Potato varieties; Processing quality; Specific-gravity; Variability	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84940180314	Effect of growth supporting additives on the performance of Auricularia auricula on Mansonia altissima A. chev sawdust	Adenipekun C.O., Lawal R., Isikhuemhen O.S.	2015	International Food Research Journal	22	5	None	Department of Botany, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Crescent University, Abeokuta, PMB, Sapon, Nigeria; Mushroom Biology and Fungal Biotechnology Laboratory, North Carolina A and T State University, Greensboro, NC, United States	Adenipekun, C.O., Department of Botany, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Lawal, R., Crescent University, Abeokuta, PMB, Sapon, Nigeria; Isikhuemhen, O.S., Mushroom Biology and Fungal Biotechnology Laboratory, North Carolina A and T State University, Greensboro, NC, United States	Auricularia auricula (St. Aman's) Berk was cultivated on Mansonia altissima sawdust with various additives (Brewer's grain (BG), Corn chaff (CC), Oil palm fibre (OPF), Sorghum bicolor chaff (SC) and Wheat bran (WB) at different percentages (0%, 5%, 10% and 20%). The study was carried out to determine the effect of additives on the performance of the fungus on the substrate; M. altissima sawdust. The treated and untreated substrates with additives at different percentages were analyzed for lignocelluloses composition, macro element, C-N ratio and proximate composition. The result of this study showed that A. auricula reduced the lignocelluloses composition of M. altissima sawdust. The lignin content reduced from 7.97% (control) to 1.59% in 20%SC treated substrate. The macro elements (Ca, Mg, K, Na) compositions were low in all the treated substrate - additives combination. The least was recorded in Na (25.8 - 84.5ppm), Ca (2.04% in control and 0.50% in 20%SC). The proximate composition showed that the substrate had an average moisture content of 50% - 61%, low protein (4.85-0.60%), high carbohydrate and high ash contents compared to the control. The results of this study showed that A. auricula exhibited an increase in performance with increase in additives, with the most efficient at 20% for all the additives. It can also be concluded that wheat bran was the best out of the five additives used.	Additives; Auricularia auricula; Lignocelluloses composition; Proximate composition	Auricularia auricula-judae; Elaeis; Fungi; Mansonia altissima; Sorghum bicolor; Triticum aestivum; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650974117	Evaluation of the lubricating properties of palm oil	Musa J.J.	2010	Leonardo Electronic Journal of Practices and Technologies	9	17	None	Department of Agriculture and Bio-Resource Engineering, Federal University of Technology, P M B 65, Minna, Nigeria	Musa, J.J., Department of Agriculture and Bio-Resource Engineering, Federal University of Technology, P M B 65, Minna, Nigeria	There has been an increase in effort to reduce the reliance on petroleum fuels for energy generation and transportation throughout the world. Among the proposed alternative fuels is biodiesel. Over the years, a little attention was paid to the industrial use of palm oil. Laboratory tests such as viscosity, fire point, flash point, pour point and densities were conducted on raw palm oil and bleached palm oil using standard procedures. The flash points of palm oil and the bleached sample are 250 and 301°C while their fire points are 260 and 308°C while the flash and fire points of the SAE 40 and SAE 30 are 260/300(°C) and 243/290(°C) respectively. It was discovered that palm oil has a better prospect as lubricating oil if necessary improvements are made. © 2010 by the authors.	Additives; Bleaching; Density; Fire point; Flash point; Pour point; Viscosity	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84946023855	Effects of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) seed powder and extract on performance of broiler chickens	Naeemasa M., Alaw Qotbi A.A., Seidavi A., Norris D., Brown D., Ginindza M.	2015	South African Journal of Animal Sciences	45	4	10.4314/sajas.v45i4.3	Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran; Department of Agricultural Economics and Animal Production, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga, South Africa	Naeemasa, M., Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran; Alaw Qotbi, A.A., Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran; Seidavi, A., Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran; Norris, D., Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran; Brown, D., Department of Agricultural Economics and Animal Production, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga, South Africa; Ginindza, M., Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran	This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of coriander (Coriandrum sativum) seed powder and extract on the performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. A total of 420 day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were allocated randomly into seven treatments of 60 birds per group. Each treatment had four replicates (15 chicks per replicate). The trial was designed with seven treatments, consisting of a control diet without coriander, this is, the control group (CG); three treatments, which included the control diet plus three levels of coriander extract in water (750, 1000, and 1250 mg/kg); and the another three, which received the control diet plus three levels of coriander powder (1.5%, 2.0% and 2.5%). Performance parameters were monitored throughout the experimental period. At 21 - 42 d old, the inclusion of 952 mg/kg of coriander extract in drinking water maximized weight gain, while the feed intake of the experimental period (1 - 42 d) was maximized at the coriander powder level of 1.2%. Feed conversion ratios improved with the inclusion of coriander powder in the diet throughout the experimental period. These results suggest that coriander powder in the diet and coriander extract in water could replace synthetic antibiotics and could be regarded as natural feed additives and growth promoters in poultry diets.	Additives; Broiler; Herbs; Spices	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79957848401	Nutritional evaluation of date palm (phoenix dactylifera) seeds and fruit as source of feeds in aquaculture	Sotolu A.O., Kigbu A.A., Oshinowo J.A.	2011	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	10	5	None	Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, Nasarawa State University, Shabu-Lafia campus, Lafia, Nigeria; Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Management, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Sotolu, A.O., Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, Nasarawa State University, Shabu-Lafia campus, Lafia, Nigeria; Kigbu, A.A., Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, Nasarawa State University, Shabu-Lafia campus, Lafia, Nigeria; Oshinowo, J.A., Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Management, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	The present study was conducted to find out the nutritional values of Phoenix dactylifera (Date palm) flesh and seeds to be used as components in fish feeds for enhanced feed utilization efficiency. Dried (DD) and Semi-dried (SD) date fruits were purchased from Lafia main market. The samples were separated, milled and analyzed for proximate components and mineral elements using standard methods of the AOAC. Physical assessment of the samples showed that the weight (%) of flesh was found to be higher than weight of seed for both dried (DD) and semidried (SD) dates (90.38±2.58, 9.62± 1.80 and 94.69±2.15, 5.31±1.60) respectively. Proximate analysis showed that dry matter contents were higher in flesh of DD and SD (95.90±0.12% and 96.93±0.07% respectively) while their respective seeds yielded 94.82 ±0.4 and 94.22±0.30%. Results further showed that the crude protein and carbohydrate were found to be higher in the flesh of both DD and SD than their seeds (P<0.05) while ash, crude fibre and crude lipids were significantly higher (P<0.05) in the seeds than flesh of the dates. The estimated energy value was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the seeds {1198.70±2.20 and 1007.58±1.00 (KJ/100g)} than the flesh {1183.45±3.10 and 992.67±2.10 (KJ/100g)} of DD and SD respectively. Mineral analysis indicated that both seeds and flesh of dates contain appreciable concentrations (mg/100g) of Ca; Mg; P; K; Na; Fe; Cu and Zn. However, moisture level affects mostly mineral composition of date and other nutrients. It could be inferred from the present study generally, that date flesh would serve a good source of fish feed additives while its seeds would best be used as a source of energy for improved feed utilization efficiency.	Additives; Date palm; Feed utilization efficiency; Flesh; Seed	Phoenix dactylifera	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-37349076935	Growth performance and nutrient digestibility of growing pigs fed a mixture of palm kernel meal and cassava peel meal	Fatufe A.A., Akanbi I.O., Saba G.A., Olowofeso O., Tewe O.O.	2007	Livestock Research for Rural Development	19	12	None	Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Fatufe, A.A., Department of Animal Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Akanbi, I.O., Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Saba, G.A., Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Olowofeso, O., Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Tewe, O.O., Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	In a 42 days feeding trials, twenty growing crossbred pigs with mean initial body weights of 16 ± 0.8kg were assigned randomly to 5 dietary treatment groups of four pigs each. A basal diet was formulated. The basal diet was based on cassava flour, maize offals, soyabean meal and brewer's dried grain (BDG). A mixture of cassava peel meal and (CPM) and palm kernel meal (PKM) replaced the BDG fraction in the basal diet in the ratio 2:0, 0:2, 1:1 and 1.75:1.75 in diets II, III, IV and V respectively. Each diet was offered on ad libitum basis. Pigs were individually weighed on weekly basis until the end of the experiment. Daily voluntary feed intake was monitored. Growing pigs responded non-significantly (p> 0.05) to the mixture of different fibre sources in body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio except for feed intake, which varied significantly (p< 0.05). Data on final body weight was described using the linear regression method. The slope of regression of final body weight (y) (kg/pig/week) depending on weeks (kg/week) was highest on diet V (3.525 ± 0.1842) and lowest on diet II (2.074 ± 0.1742). Digestibility values also varied significantly (p< 0.05) with ether extract having the average digestibility value (%) of 90.32 and ash the lowest value of 53.60.	Additivity; Dietary fibre; Efficiency of utilisation; Weight gain	Glycine max; Manihot esculenta; Suidae; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84919327437	Long-term monitoring reveals differing impacts of elephants on elements of a canopy shrub community	Landman M., Schoeman D.S., Hall-Martin A.J., Kerley G.I.H.	2014	Ecological Applications	24	8	None	Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, D.C., QLD, Australia; Hall-Martin Consulting CC, Somerset West, South Africa; Scientific Services, South African National Park, South Africa	Landman, M., Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; Schoeman, D.S., Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, D.C., QLD, Australia; Hall-Martin, A.J., Hall-Martin Consulting CC, Somerset West, South Africa, Scientific Services, South African National Park, South Africa; Kerley, G.I.H., Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa	The conservation management of southern Africa's elephants focuses on identifying and mitigating the extent and intensity of impacts on biological diversity. However, variation in the intensity of elephant effects between elements of biodiversity is seldom explored, which limits our ability to interpret the scale of the impacts. Our study quantifies >50 years of impacts in the succulent thickets of the Addo Elephant National Park, South Africa, contrasting hypotheses for the resilience of the canopy shrubs (a key functional guild) to elephants with those that argue the opposite. We also assess the impacts between elements of the community, ranging from community composition and structure to the structure of individual canopy species. We show the vulnerability of the canopy shrubs to transformation as the accumulated influences of elephants alter community composition and structure. The pattern of transformation is similar to that caused by domestic herbivores, which leads us to predict that elephants will eventually bring about landscape-level degradation and a significant loss of biodiversity. While we expected the canopy species to show similar declining trends in structure, providing insight into the response of the community as a whole, we demonstrate an uneven distribution of impacts between constituent elements; most of the canopy dominants exhibited little change, resisting removal. This implies that these canopy dominants might not be useful indicators of community change in thickets, a pattern that is likely repeated among the canopy trees of savanna systems. Our findings suggest that predicting elephant impacts, and finding solutions to the so-called "elephant problem," require a broader and more integrated understanding of the mechanisms driving the changes between elements of biodiversity at various spatial and temporal scales. © 2014 by the Ecological Society of America	Addo elephant national park; Conservation management; Elephant impacts; Long-term studies; Loxodonta Africana; Monitoring; Scale; South Africa; Succulent thickets	canopy; community composition; dominance; elephant; environmental indicator; landscape change; shrub; spatiotemporal analysis; species diversity; Addo Elephant National Park; Eastern Cape; South Africa; South Africa; Elephantidae; Loxodonta africana	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77951691514	The impact of upgrading roads on the conservation of the threatened flightless dung beetle, Circellum bacchus (F.) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)	Hayward M.W., Hayward G.J., Kerley G.I.H.	2010	Coleopterists Bulletin	64	1	10.1649/0010-065X-64.1.75	Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth, 6031 Eastern Cape, South Africa	Hayward, M.W., Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth, 6031 Eastern Cape, South Africa; Hayward, G.J., Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth, 6031 Eastern Cape, South Africa; Kerley, G.I.H., Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth, 6031 Eastern Cape, South Africa	The flightless dung beetle Circellum bacchus (Fabricius, 1781) is a unique, ectothermic dung beetle that is of conservation concern due to a massive decline in its distribution. Very little is known about its conservation ecology and the upgrade of roads in one of its last strongholds, South Africa's Addo Elephant National Park, led to concerns that road kill was threatening the population because drivers could not see the beetles due to their similar colour as the upgraded roads. We tested whether the upgraded, black, tar roads led to more road kills than the original sandy-red, gravel roads using counts of live and dead beetles along transects through similar habitats of the park. There was no significant difference between the number of live and dead dung beetles on the tar or gravel roads illustrating that the infrastructure improvements themselves are not threatening the persistence of the species. The high levels of vehicle-derived mortality along roads, however, suggest that road kills may be a threatening process with potentially 100,000 C. bacchus killed on roads annually (although 45,000 is a more conservative estimate). Further research is needed to ascertain whether this off-take is sustainable and to formulate mitigation measures.	Addo Elephant National Park; Invertebrate conservation; Road ecology; Road kill; Threatening processes	anthropogenic effect; beetle; ectothermy; flightlessness; habitat conservation; national park; population decline; species conservation; Addo Elephant National Park; Eastern Cape; South Africa; Coleoptera; Invertebrata; Scarabaeidae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928629549	Gills and skin histopathological evaluation in African sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus exposed to ethanol extract of Adenium obesum stem bark	Abalaka S.E., Fatihu M.Y., Ibrahim N.D.G., Ambali S.F.	2015	Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research	41	1	10.1016/j.ejar.2015.01.005	Department of Veterinary Pathology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Abalaka, S.E., Department of Veterinary Pathology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Fatihu, M.Y., Department of Veterinary Pathology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Ibrahim, N.D.G., Department of Veterinary Pathology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Ambali, S.F., Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Histopathological effects of ethanol extract of Adenium obesum stem bark was investigated in the gills and skin of African sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus over a 96-h exposure period as an endpoint of toxicity. There was a significant (p<0.05) concentration-dependent mortality in some of the exposed fish. The median lethal concentration of the extract was 7.15mgL-1. The extract caused some histopathological lesions in the gills and skin of the exposed fish. However, the severity but not the type of the lesions observed in the gills and skin of the exposed fish was concentration-dependent. Although the degree of tissue change (DTC) grading indicated moderate damage in the gills of the exposed fish, there were no significant (p>0.05) differences between gills DTC of the exposed and unexposed fish. However, lesions in the skin did not affect the normal functioning of the tissue but significant (p<0.05) differences were recorded in the DTC between the skin of the exposed and the unexposed fish. The extract was toxic to the exposed fish and therefore, A. obesum can be used as a potent organic piscicide for effective fish pond management. © 2015 National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries.	Adenium obesum; Clarias gariepinus; Gills; Histopathology; Skin; Toxicity	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-54949129852	Evaluation of adenoidal obstruction in children: Clinical symptoms compared with roentgenographic assessment	Orji F.T., Ezeanolue B.C.	2008	Journal of Laryngology and Otology	122	11	10.1017/S0022215108001916	Department of Otolaryngology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria; Department of Otolaryngology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria	Orji, F.T., Department of Otolaryngology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria; Ezeanolue, B.C., Department of Otolaryngology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria	Background: Obstructive adenoid enlargement is commonly implicated as the major cause of chronic nasal obstruction in children. Although clinical assessment is considered essential, there is little consensus over its reliability. This study was conducted to determine the correlation between graded symptomatology assessment and roentgenographic assessment of adenoidal obstruction. Method: Symptoms assessed included snoring, mouth-breathing and obstructive breathing during sleep. Each symptom was rated on a four-point scale (absent = zero, mild = one, moderate = two and severe = three). We summed the ratings for each child to obtain the symptomatology score. We used an adenoidal-nasopharyngeal ratio parameter to classify roentgenographic assessment into minimal, moderate or marked obstruction. Results: Sixty-four children, 42 boys and 22 girls, aged one to 12 years were enrolled. The clinical symptomatology scores correlated significantly with the roentgenographic ratings of nasopharyngeal airway obstruction (r = 0.419; p = 0.001). The correlation was significant at roentgenographic ratings of minimal obstruction (p < 0.05) and gross obstruction (p < 0.001). Both the symptomatology score and the roentgenographic rating showed significant correlations with patient age (r = -0.657, p < 0.01 and r = -0.340, p < 0.01, respectively). Conclusion: Clinical rating of adenoidal symptoms in children provides a reasonably reliable assessment of the presence and severity of nasopharyngeal airway obstruction. This technique of assessment is easy to use and is particularly valid when obstruction is either minimal or gross. © 2008 JLO (1984) Limited.	Adenoid; Adenoidectomy; Radiography	adenoidal obstruction; article; child; clinical feature; controlled study; disease severity; female; human; major clinical study; male; nose obstruction; radiography; rating scale; Adenoids; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Mouth Breathing; Nasal Obstruction; Nasopharyngeal Diseases; Nasopharynx; Observer Variation; Predictive Value of Tests; Severity of Illness Index; Sleep Apnea Syndromes; Snoring; Statistics as Topic	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80052186149	Plain radiographic evaluation of children with obstructive adenoids	Kolo E.S., Ahmed A.O., Kazeem M.J., Nwaorgu O.G.B.	2011	European Journal of Radiology	79	2	10.1016/j.ejrad.2010.09.027	Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria	Kolo, E.S., Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria; Ahmed, A.O., Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria; Kazeem, M.J., Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria; Nwaorgu, O.G.B., Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria	Background: There are several methods of evaluating adenoidal size pre-operatively. Plain nasopharyngeal radiography is a common investigative modality: it has been advocated, and also condemned. Aim: This study was intended to assess nasopharyngeal airway obstruction by the adenoids using plain X-rays; and also to find correlation if any, with the symptomatology. Methods: This is a retrospective study carried out between January and December 2008. The case notes and plain X-rays of the nasopharynx of 34 paediatric patients with clinical features of obstructive adenoids were analyzed. Results: A total of 34 children were studied, 22 (64.7%) were males and 12 (35.3%) were females. Their ages ranged between 7 months and 10 years: mean age was 3.55 years, standard deviation 2.723. Majority (67.6%) of the children were in the age group 0-4 years. The lowest symptomatology assessment score was 0 and the highest was 3. Children 4 years and below had the highest symptomatology scores. The minimum adenoidal-nasopharyngeal ratio was 0.35 and the maximum was 0.94. There was no significant difference in the mean adenoidal-nasopharyngeal ratio of males and females (t = 0.407; p = 0.692). Many (75.0%) of the children with moderate to severe nasopharyngeal airway obstruction by the adenoids were in the age bracket 0-4 years. The lowest adenoidal-nasopharyngeal ratio score was 0 and the highest was 3. Children 4 years and below had the highest adenoidal- nasopharyngeal ratio scores. There was a very weak nonsignificant correlation between the symptomatology assessment score and the radiological assessment score (r = 0.168; p = 0.375). Conclusion: The adenoidal-nasopharyngeal ratio is reliable in assessing the nasopharyngeal airway in children with obstructive adenoids. © 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.	Adenoidal-nasopharyngeal ratio; Adenoids; Nasopharyngeal airway; Nigeria; Plain radiography	adenoid; adenoidal nasopharyngeal ratio; airway obstruction; article; child; clinical article; clinical feature; disease severity; female; human; infant; male; mouth breathing; nasopharyngeal airway obstruction; nose obstruction; plain X ray; preschool child; priority journal; retrospective study; school child; sleep apnea syndrome; snoring; X ray; Adenoids; Airway Obstruction; Chi-Square Distribution; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Retrospective Studies	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77951636839	Plain radiographic evaluation of the nasopharynx: Do raters agree?	Kolo E.S., Salisu A.D., Tabari A.M., Dahilo E.A., Aluko A.A.	2010	International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology	74	5	10.1016/j.ijporl.2010.02.015	Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria; Department of Radiology, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria	Kolo, E.S., Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria; Salisu, A.D., Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria; Tabari, A.M., Department of Radiology, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria; Dahilo, E.A., Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria; Aluko, A.A., Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria	Background: Subjective plain radiographic evaluation of the nasopharynx has been a widely adopted technique. Although it has its own limitations, its ease of interpretation and simplicity are some of its advantages. Aim: To investigate the reliability, using kappa, in subjectively reporting plain nasopharyngeal radiographs in children with symptoms suggestive of enlarged adenoids. Methods: This was a retrospective study of the clinical records, and plain X-rays of the nasopharynx of paediatric patients with clinical features of adenoid hypertrophy in a Nigerian Tertiary Health Institution from January 2008 to December 2008. Results: Fifty-one children with a mean age of 3.4 years; standard deviation of 2.772 was studied. They had an age range of 2 months to 12 years. Most (66.6%) of the children studied were in the age bracket 0-4 years. The inter-rater reliability between the two Otolaryngologists, and that between an Otolaryngologist and a Radiologist using kappa statistics were 0.6696, 95% CI (0.5035-0.8357; p<0.05) and 0.8182, 95% CI (0.7073-0.9291; p<0.05) respectively. While the kappa intra-rater reliabilities for the two Otolaryngologists were 0.6931, 95% CI (0.5473-0.8389) and 0.9591, 95% CI (0.9033-1.000). Conclusion: There was a high level of agreement among trained raters, in subjectively interpreting plain nasopharyngeal radiographs in children with suspected adenoidal obstruction. © 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.	Adenoids; Kappa statistics; Nasopharyngeal airway; Nigeria; Plain Radiography	article; child; childhood disease; clinical feature; controlled study; female; human; infant; intrarater reliability; major clinical study; male; medical record; nasopharynx; Nigeria; pharyngography; pharynx disease; preschool child; priority journal; professional competence; radiologist; retrospective study; school child; symptom; X ray; Adenoids; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Hypertrophy; Infant; Male; Nasopharynx; Nigeria; Observer Variation; Reproducibility of Results; Retrospective Studies	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84899474205	Comparison of same day diagnostic tools including Gene Xpert and unstimulated IFN-γ for the evaluation of pleural tuberculosis: A prospective cohort study	Meldau R., Peter J., Theron G., Calligaro G., Allwood B., Symons G., Khalfey H., Ntombenhle G., Govender U., Binder A., van Zyl-Smit R., Dheda K.	2014	BMC Pulmonary Medicine	14	1	10.1186/1471-2466-14-58	Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Division of Pulmonology and UCT Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Meldau, R., Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Division of Pulmonology and UCT Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Peter, J., Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Division of Pulmonology and UCT Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Theron, G., Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Division of Pulmonology and UCT Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Calligaro, G., Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Division of Pulmonology and UCT Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Allwood, B., Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Division of Pulmonology and UCT Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Symons, G., Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Division of Pulmonology and UCT Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Khalfey, H., Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Division of Pulmonology and UCT Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Ntombenhle, G., Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Division of Pulmonology and UCT Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Govender, U., Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Division of Pulmonology and UCT Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Binder, A., Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Division of Pulmonology and UCT Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; van Zyl-Smit, R., Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Division of Pulmonology and UCT Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Dheda, K., Lung Infection and Immunity Unit, Division of Pulmonology and UCT Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Background: The accuracy of currently available same-day diagnostic tools (smear microscopy and conventional nucleic acid amplification tests) for pleural tuberculosis (TB) is sub-optimal. Newer technologies may offer improved detection.Methods: Smear-microscopy, adenosine deaminase (ADA), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and Xpert MTB/RIF [using an unprocessed (1 ml) and centrifuged (~20 ml) sample] test accuracy was evaluated in pleural fluid from 103 consecutive patients with suspected pleural TB. Culture for M.tuberculosis and/or histopathology (pleural biopsy) served as the reference standard. Patients were followed prospectively to determine their diagnostic categorisation.Results: Of 93 evaluable participants, 40 had definite-TB (reference positive), 5 probable-TB (not definite but treated for TB) and 48 non-TB (culture and histology negative, and not treated for TB). Xpert MTB/RIF sensitivity and specificity (95% CI) was 22.5% (12.4 - 37.6) and 98% (89.2 - 99.7), respectively, and centrifugation did not improve sensitivity (23.7%). The Xpert MTB/RIF internal positive control showed no evidence of inhibition. Biomarker specific sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPVs were: ADA (48.85 IU/L; rule-in cut-point) 55.3% (39.8 - 69.9), 95.2% (83.9 - 98.7), 91.4 (73.4 - 95.4), 69.7% (56.7 - 80.1); ADA (30 IU/L; clinically used cut-point) 79% (63.7 - 89), 92.7% (80.6 - 97.5), 91.0 (73.4 - 95.4), 82.7% (69.3 - 90.1); and IFN-γ (107.7 pg/ml; rule-in cut-point) 92.5% (80.2 - 97.5), 95.9% (86.1 - 98.9), 94.9% (83.2 - 98.6), 93.9% (83.5 - 97.9), respectively (IFN-γ sensitivity and NPV better than Xpert [p < 0.05] and rule-in ADA [p < 0.05]).Conclusion: The usefulness of Xpert MTB/RIF to diagnose pleural TB is limited by its poor sensitivity. IFN-γ is an excellent rule-in test and, compared to ADA, has significantly better sensitivity and rule-out value in a TB-endemic setting. © 2014 Meldau et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Adenosine deaminase; Diagnosis; Interferon gamma; Pleural fluid; Tuberculosis; Xpert MTB/RIF	adenosine deaminase; biological marker; gamma interferon; rifampicin; tuberculostatic agent; adult; article; bacterium culture; centrifugation; cohort analysis; colony forming unit; diagnostic accuracy; diagnostic test accuracy study; drug resistant tuberculosis; female; histopathology; human; human tissue; intermethod comparison; liquid culture; major clinical study; male; microscopy; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; nucleic acid amplification; pleura biopsy; pleura effusion; pleura fluid; predictive value; prospective study; real time polymerase chain reaction; sensitivity and specificity; smear; smear microscopy; South Africa; tuberculous pleurisy; xpert mtb rif; Adult; Body Fluids; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Cohort Studies; Female; Humans; Interferon-gamma; Male; Middle Aged; Pleural Effusion; Prospective Studies; Sensitivity and Specificity; Time Factors; Tuberculosis, Pleural	None
WoS	WOS:000311232900015	Differences between self-reported and electronically monitored adherence among patients receiving antiretroviral therapy in a resource-limited setting	Bangsberg, David R.,Habyarimana, James P.,Pop-Eleches, Cristian,Sidle, John E.,Siika, Abraham M.,Siripong, Nalyn,Thirumurthy, Harsha,Vreeman, Rachel C.	2012	AIDS	26	18	10.1097/QAD.0b013e328359aa68	Columbia University, Georgetown University, Harvard University, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indiana University System, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Moi University, University of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, MGH Ctr Global Hlth, Ragon Inst MGH MIT & Harvard	"Habyarimana, James P.: Georgetown University","Pop-Eleches, Cristian: Columbia University","Siika, Abraham M.: Moi University","Siripong, Nalyn: University of North Carolina","Siripong, Nalyn: University of North Carolina Chapel Hill","Thirumurthy, Harsha: University of North Carolina","Thirumurthy, Harsha: University of North Carolina Chapel Hill","Vreeman, Rachel C.: Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis","Vreeman, Rachel C.: Indiana University System",	Background: Measurement of adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) by patient self-report is common in resource-limited settings but widely believed to overstate actual adherence. The extent to which these measures overstate adherence has not been examined among a large patient population. Methods: HIV-infected adult patients in Kenya who initiated ART within the past 3 months were followed for 6 months. Adherence was measured by participants' self-reports of doses missed in the past 7 days during monthly clinic visits and by continuous Medication Event Monitoring System (MEMS) in participants' pill bottles. Seven-day self-reported adherence was compared to 7-day MEMS adherence, 30-day MEMS adherence, and adherence more than 90% during each of the first 6 months. Results: Self-reported and MEMS adherence measures were linked for 669 participants. Mean 7-day self-reported adherence was 98.7% and mean 7-day MEMS adherence was 86.0%, a difference of 12.7% (P &lt; 0.01). The difference between the two adherence measures increased over time due to a decline in 7-day MEMS adherence. However, patients with lower MEMS adherence were in fact more likely to self-report missed doses and the difference between self-reported and MEMS adherence was similar for each number of self-reported missed doses. When analysis was limited to patients who reported rarely or never removing multiple doses at the same time, mean difference was 10.5% (P &lt; 0.01). Conclusion: There is a sizable and significant difference between self-reported and MEMS adherence. However, a strong relationship between the measures suggests that self-reported adherence is informative for clinical monitoring and program evaluation. (C) 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins	ADHERENCE,"adherence measurement","ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY","ELECTRONIC MONITORING",COUNT,HAART,"HIV-INFECTED ADULTS",METAANALYSIS,OUTCOMES,"PROTEASE INHIBITORS","VIRAL SUPPRESSION"	None	None
WoS	WOS:000303341300009	Early Warning Indicators for Population-Based Monitoring of HIV Drug Resistance in 6 African Countries	Botes, Mariette E.,de Wit, Tobias F. Rinke,Geskus, Ronald B.,Hamers, Raph L.,Ive, Prudence,Kityo, Cissy,Labib, Moheb,Mandaliya, Kishor,Menke, Jack,Osibogun, Akin,PharmAccess African Studies Evalu,Sigaloff, Kim C. E.,Siwale, Margaret,Stevens, Wendy S.,van	2012	CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES	54	None	10.1093/cid/cir1015	Joint Clinic Research Center - United Arab Emirates, University of Amsterdam, University of Lagos, University of Witwatersrand, Coast Prov Gen Hosp, Copt Hosp, Lusaka Trust Hosp, Muelmed Hosp, Newlands Clin	"de Wit, Tobias F. Rinke: University of Amsterdam","Geskus, Ronald B.: University of Amsterdam","Hamers, Raph L.: University of Amsterdam","Ive, Prudence: University of Witwatersrand","Kityo, Cissy: Joint Clinic Research Center - United Arab Emirates","Osibogun, Akin: University of Lagos","Sigaloff, Kim C. E.: University of Amsterdam","Stevens, Wendy S.: University of Witwatersrand",	Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA testing and HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) testing are not routinely available for therapeutic monitoring of patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in resource-limited settings. World Health Organization HIVDR early warning indicators (EWIs) assess ART site factors known to favor the emergence of HIVDR. HIV drug resistance EWI monitoring was performed within the PharmAccess African Studies to Evaluate Resistance Monitoring (PASER-M) study, comprising 13 ART sites in 6 African countries. Early warning indicator assessment in the PASER network identified vulnerable aspects of ART programs and triggered interventions aimed at minimizing HIVDR emergence. Additionally, data suggest an advantage of medication possession ratio over on-time antiretroviral drug pickup in identifying patients at risk for HIVDR development.	,ADHERENCE,ADULTS,"ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY","INFECTED PATIENTS",OUTCOMES,PREDICTORS,PREVENTION,SURVIVAL,"TREATMENT FAILURE","VIRAL LOAD"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84859985827	The impact of first year adherence to antiretroviral therapy on long-term clinical and immunological outcomes in the DART trial in Uganda and Zimbabwe	Kiwuwa-Muyingo S., Walker A.S., Oja H., Levin J., Miiro G., Katabira E., Kityo C., Hakim J., Todd J.	2012	Tropical Medicine and International Health	17	5	10.1111/j.1365-3156.2012.02974.x	School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland; MRC Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda; Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, London, United Kingdom; Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; College of Health Sciences, University of Harare, Harare, Zimbabwe; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom	Kiwuwa-Muyingo, S., School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland, MRC Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda; Walker, A.S., Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, London, United Kingdom; Oja, H., School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland; Levin, J., MRC Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda; Miiro, G., MRC Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda; Katabira, E., Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Kityo, C., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Hakim, J., College of Health Sciences, University of Harare, Harare, Zimbabwe; Todd, J., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom	Objectives To describe associations between different summaries of adherence in the first year on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and the subsequent risk of mortality, to identify patients at high risk because of early adherence behaviour. Methods We previously described an approach where adherence behaviour at successive clinic visits during the first year on ART was seen as a Markov chain (MC), and the individually estimated transition probabilities between 'good', 'poor' and 'non-response' adherence states were used to classify HIV-infected adults in the DART trial into subgroups with similar behaviour. The impact of this classification and classifications based on traditional 'averaged' measures [mean drug possession ratio (DPR) and self-reported adherence] were compared in terms of their impact on longer-term mortality over the 2-5years on ART using Cox proportional hazards models. Results Of 2960 participants in follow-up after 1year on ART, 29% had never missed pills in the last month and 11% had 100% DPR throughout the first year. The poorest adherers by self-reported measures were more likely to have only none/primary education (P<0.01). Being in the poorest adherence subgroup by MC and DPR was independently associated with increased mortality [HR=1.57 (95% CI 1.02, 2.42); 1.82 (1.32, 2.51) respectively]. Conclusions Classification based on dynamic adherence behaviour is associated with mortality independently of DPR. The classifications could be useful in understanding adherence, targeting focused interventions and improving longer-term adherence to therapy. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.	Adherence; Africa; Antiretroviral therapy; Markov chain; Mortality	abacavir; lamivudine plus zidovudine; nevirapine; tenofovir; antimicrobial activity; health risk; human immunodeficiency virus; immune system; infectivity; Markov chain; mortality; numerical model; risk factor; adult; antiretroviral therapy; antiviral therapy; article; CD4 lymphocyte count; classification; controlled study; drug monitoring; educational status; female; follow up; high risk patient; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; major clinical study; male; mortality; outcome assessment; patient compliance; questionnaire; self report; treatment refusal; Uganda; Zimbabwe; Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Female; Follow-Up Studies; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Markov Chains; Patient Compliance; Proportional Hazards Models; Questionnaires; Treatment Outcome; Uganda; Zimbabwe; Uganda; Zimbabwe	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-63149102742	Two-year virologic outcomes of an alternative AIDS care model: Evaluation of a peer health worker and nurse-staffed community-based program in uganda	Chang L.W., Alamo S., Guma S., Christopher J., Suntoke T., Omasete R., Montis J.P., Quinn T.C., Juncker M., Reynolds S.J.	2009	Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes	50	3	10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181988375	Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 1830 East Monument Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States; Reach Out Mbuya Parish HIV/AIDS Initiative, Kampala, Uganda; National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States	Chang, L.W., Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 1830 East Monument Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States; Alamo, S., Reach Out Mbuya Parish HIV/AIDS Initiative, Kampala, Uganda; Guma, S., Reach Out Mbuya Parish HIV/AIDS Initiative, Kampala, Uganda; Christopher, J., Reach Out Mbuya Parish HIV/AIDS Initiative, Kampala, Uganda; Suntoke, T., National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Omasete, R., Reach Out Mbuya Parish HIV/AIDS Initiative, Kampala, Uganda; Montis, J.P., Reach Out Mbuya Parish HIV/AIDS Initiative, Kampala, Uganda; Quinn, T.C., Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 1830 East Monument Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Juncker, M., Reach Out Mbuya Parish HIV/AIDS Initiative, Kampala, Uganda; Reynolds, S.J., Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 1830 East Monument Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States	BACKGROUND: There is growing concern about the human resources needed to care for increasing numbers of patients receiving antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited settings. We evaluated an alternative model, community-based, comprehensive antiretroviral program staffed primarily by peer health workers and nurses. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients receiving antiretroviral therapy during the first 10 months of program enrollment beginning in late 2003. Virologic, immunologic, clinical, and adherence data were collected. RESULTS: Of 360 patients started on treatment, 258 (72%) were active and on therapy approximately 2 years later. Viral load testing demonstrated that 86% of active patients (211/246 tested) had a viral load <400 copies per milliliter. The median CD4 increase for active patients was 197 cells per cubic millimeter (interquartile range, 108-346). Patients with either a history of antiretroviral use or lack of CD4 response were more likely to experience virologic failure. Survival was 84% at 1 year and 82% at 2 years. World Health Organization stage 4 was predictive of both not sustaining therapy and increased mortality. CONCLUSIONS: A community-based antiretroviral treatment program in a resource-limited setting can provide excellent AIDS care over at least a 2-year period. A comprehensive program based upon peer health workers and nurses provides an effective alternative model for AIDS care. © 2009 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.	Adherence; Africa; Antiretroviral treatment; Community health services; Nurses; Program evaluation	antiretrovirus agent; efavirenz; lamivudine; lamivudine plus zidovudine; nevirapine; stavudine; tuberculostatic agent; zidovudine; anti human immunodeficiency virus agent; adult; antiviral therapy; article; CD4 lymphocyte count; CD4+ T lymphocyte; community health nursing; drug treatment failure; drug withdrawal; female; health care personnel; health program; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; major clinical study; male; mortality; nurse; outcome assessment; patient compliance; priority journal; prognosis; retrospective study; Uganda; unspecified side effect; virus load; world health organization; community care; health care quality; manpower; nonbiological model; nurse; organization and management; peer group; standard; virology; Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Community Health Services; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Models, Organizational; Nurses; Patient Compliance; Peer Group; Program Evaluation; Retrospective Studies; Uganda; Viral Load	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880918429	Feasibility, performance, and acceptability of the wisebag™ for potential monitoring of daily gel applicator use in Durban, South Africa	Van Der Straten A., Montgomery E., Pillay D., Cheng H., Naidoo A., Cele Z., Naidoo K., Hartmann M., Piper J., Nair G.	2013	AIDS and Behavior	17	2	10.1007/s10461-012-0330-y	Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International, 114 Sansome Street, San Francisco, CA 94104, United States; Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, United States; Center for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), EThekwini, Durban, South Africa; DAIDS, NIAID/NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States	Van Der Straten, A., Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International, 114 Sansome Street, San Francisco, CA 94104, United States, Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, United States; Montgomery, E., Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International, 114 Sansome Street, San Francisco, CA 94104, United States; Pillay, D., Center for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), EThekwini, Durban, South Africa; Cheng, H., Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International, 114 Sansome Street, San Francisco, CA 94104, United States; Naidoo, A., Center for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), EThekwini, Durban, South Africa; Cele, Z., Center for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), EThekwini, Durban, South Africa; Naidoo, K., Center for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), EThekwini, Durban, South Africa; Hartmann, M., Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International, 114 Sansome Street, San Francisco, CA 94104, United States; Piper, J., DAIDS, NIAID/NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States; Nair, G., Center for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), EThekwini, Durban, South Africa	The Wisebag™, a lunchbag-style container with an electronic events-monitoring system, was designed as a real-time indirect objective measure of microbicide gel use. Due to cost, alternative functionalities (i.e. use of offline and dummy versions) were explored. We conducted a three-arm, double-blinded pilot study among 50 HIV-negative women in Durban, South Africa to assess participant adherence and Wisebag acceptability and performance. Participants were randomized 2:2:1 to Wisebag with online (events transmitted via cellular signal in real-time), offline (events stored in device memory) or inactive "dummy" devices. Participants were instructed to open the Wisebag daily for 2 weeks, retrieve a study sticker and affix it on a diary card. All participants completed the study. At exit, 94 % did not know which device they had received, nor could they differentiate the Wisebag types when presented with the three options. Five offline devices failed (no data recorded). Per Wisebag events, 26 % of women were perfectly adherent compared to 48 % by self-report and 46 % per diary card. Of reported non-adherence, 92 % did not open the Wisebag (travelling or forgot) and 22 % opened Wisebag >1×/day (curiosity). Participants liked and were comfortable carrying Wisebag. Successful blinding will allow inclusion of offline and/or dummy Wisebags in future study designs. Perfect adherence by opening events was significantly lower than by self-report, highlighting the importance of objective measures of adherence in clinical trials. Additional studies to validate Wisebag data with actual products, with and without SMS and online functionality, in different populations and settings, and in comparison to biomarkers are warranted. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media New York.	Adherence; Africa; Electronic monitoring; Microbicide gel	agents used intravaginally; topical antiinfective agent; adolescent; adult; article; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; double blind procedure; drug monitoring; equipment design; feasibility study; female; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; medication compliance; middle aged; patient attitude; patient satisfaction; pilot study; randomized controlled trial; reproducibility; South Africa; statistics; Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Double-Blind Method; Drug Monitoring; Equipment Design; Feasibility Studies; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Medication Adherence; Middle Aged; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Patient Satisfaction; Pilot Projects; Reproducibility of Results; South Africa; Vaginal Creams, Foams, and Jellies	5UM1AI068633, NIAID, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; NICHD, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; NIMH, National Institute of Mental Health
Scopus	2-s2.0-36348985543	Evaluation of the Arkansas method of urine testing for isoniazid in South Africa	Hanifa Y., Mngadi K., Lewis J., Fielding K., Churchyard G., Grant A.D.	2007	International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease	11	11	None	Aurum Institute for Health Research, Johannesburg, South Africa; Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Aurum Institute for Health Research, 47 Main Street, Marshalltown, 2107, South Africa	Hanifa, Y., Aurum Institute for Health Research, Johannesburg, South Africa, Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa, Aurum Institute for Health Research, 47 Main Street, Marshalltown, 2107, South Africa; Mngadi, K., Aurum Institute for Health Research, Johannesburg, South Africa; Lewis, J., Aurum Institute for Health Research, Johannesburg, South Africa, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Fielding, K., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Churchyard, G., Aurum Institute for Health Research, Johannesburg, South Africa, Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Grant, A.D., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom	SETTING: A South African hospital serving gold mine employees. OBJECTIVE: To determine the sensitivity and specificity of the Arkansas method for detecting isoniazid (INH) metabolites among South African adults and to examine the effect of smoking status on positive results. DESIGN: Urine specimens were collected from in-patients taking INH as part of tuberculosis treatment at 6, 12 and 24 h after a directly observed 300 mg oral dose. As a control group, a single urine specimen was collected from surgical in-patients not taking INH. Specimens were tested for INH using a commercially available dipstick. RESULTS: A total of 153 patients on INH and 60 controis were recruited. The sensitivity of the test was 93.3% (95%CI 88.1-96.8) at 6 h post INH, 93.4% (95%CI 88.2-96.8) at 12 h and 77% (95%CI 69.1-83.7) at 24 h. The specificity of the test was 98.3% (95%CI 91.1->99.9). There was no association between smoking status and colour change of positive results. CONCLUSIONS: This test is a useful method of monitoring adherence to TB treatment or preventive therapy among South Africans. However, it is less than 100% sensitive, especially with increasing time post dose, which should be taken into consideration when interpreting results for individual patients. © 2007 The Union.	Adherence; Africa; Isoniazid; Tuberculosis	drug metabolite; isoniazid; tuberculostatic agent; adult; article; cigarette smoking; controlled study; female; human; major clinical study; male; medical assessment; priority journal; sensitivity and specificity; South Africa; tuberculosis; United States; urinalysis; Adult; Antitubercular Agents; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Isoniazid; Male; Middle Aged; Patient Compliance; Sensitivity and Specificity; Smoking; South Africa; Tuberculosis	None
WoS	WOS:000286937000013	An evaluation of the impact of a community-based adherence support programme on ART outcomes in selected government HIV treatment sites in South Africa	Ebrahim, R.,Grimwood, A.,Igumbor, J. O.,Jason, A.,Scheepers, E.	2011	AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV	23	2	10.1080/09540121.2010.498909	North West University - South Africa, Absolute Return Kids, Kheth Impilo	"Igumbor, J. O.: North West University - South Africa",	This study assessed the impact of a community-based adherence support service on the outcomes of patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART). The evaluation was a retrospective study based on patient clinical records. This study noted that a significantly higher proportion of patients with a community-based adherence supporter (also known as a patient advocate, PA) had viral load (VL) of less than 400 copies/ml at six months of treatment (70%, p = 0.001); a significantly higher proportion of patients with PAs (89%) attained a treatment pickup rate of over 95% (67%; p = 0.021). Patients at health facilities with PA services maintained a suppressed VL for a longer period as opposed to patients at health facilities without PA services (p = 0.001), also patients at health facilities with PA services remained in care for longer periods (p = 0.001). Therefore, the study concludes that integrated community-based adherence support is crucial in ensuring that patients remain in care, regularly pickup their treatment from ART clinics and are virologically suppressed. The study also underscores the importance of access to health services and the presence of an enabling environment in the treatment of AIDS.	ADHERENCE,AIDS,"antiretroviral therapy (ART)","community-based support",HIV,"patient advocates (PA)","ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY",EFFICACY,INTERVENTION,"MEDICATION ADHERENCE",PREDICTORS,"PROTEASE INHIBITORS",SURVIVAL	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878811197	Patient factors impacting antiretroviral drug adherence in a Nigerian tertiary hospital	Falang K.D., Akubaka P., Jimam N.S.	2012	Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics	3	2	10.4103/0976-500X.95511	Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos/APIN Centre, Jos, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacy, University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universit	Falang, K.D., Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos/APIN Centre, Jos, Nigeria; Akubaka, P., Department of Pharmacy, University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria; Jimam, N.S., Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria	Objective: To study the adherence levels and explore factors impacting them in out-patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) at the AIDS Prevention Initiative in Nigeria antiretroviral clinic of the Jos University Teaching Hospital. Materials and Methods: We administered a structured questionnaire to 461 patientspresenting to the clinic. Adherence was measured using the patient self-report. The association between independent variables and adherence to ART was measured through odd ratios (OR) in the univariate analysis. The best predictors of adherence were determined through multiple logistic regression models with backward elimination. Results: The adherence level was found to be 87.9%. The following factors were found to have strong impact on adherence in the univariate analysis: age (OR 1.04), sex (OR 1.14), employment (OR 1.29), knowledge of HIV (OR 1.11), thrice daily frequency of drug intake (OR 1.68), twice daily frequency (OR 2.18), alcohol nonintake (OR 0.29), knowledge of ARVs (OR 1.23), pill burden (OR 1.20), and HIV status disclosure (OR 1.08). In the multivariate analysis, only age, alcohol nonintake and twice daily, frequency of drug intake affected adherence (P < 0.05). Conclusions: To increase adherence and the effectiveness of ART, there is need to continuously emphasize the use of adherence devices and reminders. Counseling and adherence education should also be emphasized especially for younger patients and those with low educational levels.	Adherence; antiretroviral; HIV/AIDS; patients	antiretrovirus agent; acquired immune deficiency syndrome; adult; alcohol consumption; article; controlled study; employment; female; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; knowledge; major clinical study; male; Nigeria; patient attitude; patient compliance; pill; prediction; prospective study; self report; structured questionnaire; tertiary health care; university hospital	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-59049083724	Monitoring adherence and defaulting for antiretroviral therapy in 5 east African countries: An urgent need for standards	Chalker J., Andualem T., Minzi O., Ntaganira J., Ojoo A., Waako P., Ross-Degnan D.	2008	Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care	7	4	10.1177/1545109708320687	Center for Pharmaceutical Management, Management Sciences for Health, 4301 N. Fairfax Drive, Arlington, VA 22203, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Pharmacy, Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, National University of Rwanda, Rwanda; Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Makerere University Medical School, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Ambulatory Care and Prevention, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Boston, MA, United States	Chalker, J., Center for Pharmaceutical Management, Management Sciences for Health, 4301 N. Fairfax Drive, Arlington, VA 22203, United States; Andualem, T., Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Minzi, O., Department of Pharmacy, Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Ntaganira, J., Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, National University of Rwanda, Rwanda; Ojoo, A., Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya; Waako, P., Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Makerere University Medical School, Kampala, Uganda; Ross-Degnan, D., Department of Ambulatory Care and Prevention, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Boston, MA, United States	Objectives: A cross-sectional survey was performed in 24 systems of care providing antiretroviral medications in Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda to examine current practices in monitoring rates of treatment adherence and defaulting. Results: Only 20 of 48 facilities reported routinely measuring individual patient adherence levels; only 12 measured rates of adherence for the clinic population. The rules for determining which patients were included in the calculation of rates were unclear. Fourteen different definitions of treatment defaulting were in use. Facilities routinely gather potentially useful data, but the frequency of doing so varied widely. Conclusions: Individual and program treatment adherence and defaulting are not routinely monitored; when done, the operational definitions and methods varied widely, making comparisons across programs unreliable. There is a pressing need to determine which measures are the most feasible and reliable to collect, the most useful for clinical counseling, and most informative for program management. © 2008 Sage Publications.	adherence; antiretroviral medications; defaulting; East Africa	anti human immunodeficiency virus agent; adult; Africa; article; child; epidemiology; health care quality; human; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; interview; patient compliance; questionnaire; standard; statistics; treatment outcome; virology; Adult; Africa, Eastern; Anti-HIV Agents; Child; Health Care Surveys; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Interviews as Topic; Patient Compliance; Program Evaluation; Questionnaires; Treatment Outcome	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84868582364	Concomitant herbal medicine and Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) use among HIV patients in Western Uganda: A cross-sectional analysis of magnitude and patterns of use, associated factors and impact on ART adherence	Lubinga S.J., Kintu A., Atuhaire J., Asiimwe S.	2012	AIDS Care - Psychological and Socio-Medical Aspects of AIDS/HIV	24	11	10.1080/09540121.2011.648600	Department of Pharmacy, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda; Clinical Trials Unit, Kabwohe Clinical Research Center (KCRC), Bushenyi, Uganda; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Paul D. Coverdell Center for Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States	Lubinga, S.J., Department of Pharmacy, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda; Kintu, A., Clinical Trials Unit, Kabwohe Clinical Research Center (KCRC), Bushenyi, Uganda; Atuhaire, J., Department of Pharmacy, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda; Asiimwe, S., Clinical Trials Unit, Kabwohe Clinical Research Center (KCRC), Bushenyi, Uganda, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Paul D. Coverdell Center for Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States	Use of herbal medicines among patients receiving Anti-retroviral Therapy (ART) remains by far an uncharacterised phenomenon in Africa and Uganda specifically. We evaluated the use of herbal medicines among patients on ART at the HIV clinic of Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH), examined factors associated with their concomitant use and their impact on ART adherence. This was a cross-sectional study among 334 systematically sampled patients receiving ART at the HIV clinic of MRRH from February to April 2010. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical characteristics, perceptions of quality of care received, self-perceived health status, information on ART received, herbal medicines use and ART adherence. Study outcomes were concomitant herbal medicine and ART use, and ART adherence. Descriptive analysis and logistic regression were conducted using Stata10.0. Close to half, 155 (46.4%) reported concomitant herbal medicines and ART use, with 133 (39.8%) using herbal medicines at least once daily. Most (71.6%) used herbal medicines to treat HIV-related symptoms. A majority (92.3%) reported that the doctors were unaware of their use of herbal medicines, 68.5% citing its minimal importance to the attending physician. Most frequently used herbs were Aloe vera (25%) and Vernonia amygdalina (21%). Time since start of ART (OR 1.14 95% CI: 1.01-1.28, for each one year increase), number of ART side effects reported (≥3 vs.≤1, OR 2.20 95% CI 1.13-4.26) and self-perceived health status (Good vs. Poor, OR 0.31 95% CI 0.12-0.79) were independently associated with concomitant herbal medicine and ART use. Concomitant herbal medicine and ART use was not associated with poor ART adherence (OR 0.85 95% CI 0.47-1.53). There is widespread concomitant herbal medicines and ART use among our patients, with no association to poor ART adherence. Patients appear to use these therapies to complement as opposed to substituting ART. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.	adherence; Antiretroviral Therapy; herbal medicine; Uganda	adolescent; adult; adverse drug reaction; Aloe vera; antiretroviral therapy; antiviral therapy; article; cross-sectional study; educational status; employment status; female; follow up; Gymnanthemum amygdalinum; health status; herbal medicine; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; income; major clinical study; male; marriage; patient compliance; priority journal; religion; treatment duration; Uganda; wellbeing; Adolescent; Adult; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Cross-Sectional Studies; Disclosure; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Logistic Models; Male; Medication Adherence; Medicine, African Traditional; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Outpatient Clinics, Hospital; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Patient Compliance; Physician-Patient Relations; Phytotherapy; Prevalence; Questionnaires; Socioeconomic Factors; Tertiary Care Centers; Uganda; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84886036422	Impact of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome on antiretroviral therapy adherence	Nachega J.B., Morroni C., Chaisson R.E., Goliath R., Efron A., Ram M., Maartens G.	2012	Patient Preference and Adherence	6	None	10.2147/PPA.S38897	University of Cape Town, Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Cape Town, South Africa; Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Departments of International Health and Epidemiology, Baltimore, MD, United States; Johns Hopkins University,School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Baltimore, MD, United States; Johns Hopkins University, Center for Tuberculosis Research, Baltimore, MD, United States	Nachega, J.B., University of Cape Town, Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Cape Town, South Africa, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Departments of International Health and Epidemiology, Baltimore, MD, United States, Johns Hopkins University, Center for Tuberculosis Research, Baltimore, MD, United States; Morroni, C., University of Cape Town, Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Cape Town, South Africa; Chaisson, R.E., Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Departments of International Health and Epidemiology, Baltimore, MD, United States, Johns Hopkins University,School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Baltimore, MD, United States, Johns Hopkins University, Center for Tuberculosis Research, Baltimore, MD, United States; Goliath, R., University of Cape Town, Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Cape Town, South Africa; Efron, A., Johns Hopkins University, Center for Tuberculosis Research, Baltimore, MD, United States; Ram, M., Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Departments of International Health and Epidemiology, Baltimore, MD, United States; Maartens, G., University of Cape Town, Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Cape Town, South Africa	Objective: We determined the impact of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence in a cohort of 274 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected South African adults initiating ART. Methods: We carried out a secondary analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial of partially supervised ART in Cape Town, South Africa. Monthly pill count adherence, viral suppression (HIV viral load < 50 c/mL), and IRIS events were documented. Poisson regression was used to identify variables associated with ART adherence below the median in the first 6 months of ART. Results: We enrolled 274 patients: 58% women, median age 34 years, median CD4 count 98 cells/μL, 46% World Health Organization clinical stage IV, and 40% on treatment for tuberculosis (TB). IRIS and TB-IRIS developed in 8.4% and 6.6% of patients, respectively. The median cumulative adherence at 6 months for those with an IRIS event vs no IRIS was 95.5% vs 98.2% (P = 0.04). Although not statistically significant, patients developing IRIS had a lower 6-month viral load suppression than those without IRIS (68% vs 80%, P = 0.32). ART adherence below the median of 98% was independently associated with alcohol abuse (relative risk [RR] 1.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2-1.9; P = 0.003) and IRIS events (RR 1.7; 95% CI 1.2-2.2; P = 0.001). Conclusion: Although IRIS events were associated with slightly lower adherence rates, overall adherence to ART remained high in this study population. Concerns about IRIS should not deter clinicians from early ART initiation. © 2012 Nachega et al, publisher and licensee Dove Medical Press Ltd.	Adherence; ART; HIV/AIDS; IRIS; TB	antiretrovirus agent; CD4 antigen; efavirenz; nevirapine; acquired immune deficiency syndrome; adult; aged; alcohol abuse; article; CD4 lymphocyte count; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; disease association; disease severity; female; hospital admission; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome; major clinical study; male; patient attitude; patient compliance; randomized controlled trial; tuberculosis; virus load	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84867203421	Evaluation of lay health workers' needs to effectively support anti-tuberculosis treatment adherence in Malawi	Puchalski Ritchie L.M., Van Lettow M., Barnsley J., Chan A.K., Joshua M., Martiniuk A.L.C., Schull M.J., Zwarenstein M.	2012	International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease	16	11	10.5588/ijtld.12.0206	University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Dignitas International, Zomba, Malawi; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Dignitas International, Toronto, ON, Canada; Ministry of Health Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi; George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, Toronto, ON, Canada; University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Knowledge Translation Unit, Lung Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa	Puchalski Ritchie, L.M., University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Van Lettow, M., Dignitas International, Zomba, Malawi, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Barnsley, J., Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Chan, A.K., Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, Dignitas International, Toronto, ON, Canada; Joshua, M., Ministry of Health Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi; Martiniuk, A.L.C., Dignitas International, Toronto, ON, Canada, George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, Toronto, ON, Canada, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Schull, M.J., Dignitas International, Toronto, ON, Canada, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, Toronto, ON, Canada; Zwarenstein, M., Dignitas International, Toronto, ON, Canada, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, Toronto, ON, Canada, Knowledge Translation Unit, Lung Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa	OBJECTIVE: To identify barriers and facilitators to efforts by lay health workers (LHWs) to support antit uberculosis treatment adherence in Malawi to inform the design of a knowledge translation intervention for improving adherence. DESIGN: Qualitative study utilizing focus groups and interviews conducted with LHWs providing tuberculosis (TB) care in Zomba District, Malawi. RESULTS: Participants identified lack of knowledge, both general (understanding of TB and its treatment) and job-specific (understanding of tasks such as completion of treatment forms), as the key barrier to LHWs in their role as adherence supporters. Lack of knowledge among LHWs providing TB care was reported to lead to a lack of confidence, conflicting messages given to patients, poor interactions with patients and errors in documentation. In addition to lack of knowledge, a number of system barriers were identified as limiting LHWs' ability to function optimally, including a lack of physical resources, workload, communication delays and ineffective guardians. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest a gap between LHW knowledge and their responsibilities as adherence supporters. The results have informed the development of an educational outreach intervention and point-of-care tool, to be evaluated in a randomized trial in Zomba District. © 2012 The Union.	Adherence; Barriers; Default; Facilitators; Qualitative methods	tuberculostatic agent; adult; article; attitude to health; clinical evaluation; female; health care policy; health personnel attitude; human; interpersonal communication; Malawi; male; medical education; medical error; needs assessment; patient compliance; patient counseling; patient education; patient participation; practice guideline; priority journal; professional competence; professional practice; professional secrecy; qualitative research; sex difference; tuberculosis; workload; Adult; Antitubercular Agents; Communication; Community Health Workers; Female; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Malawi; Male; Medication Adherence; Tuberculosis; Workload; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84938553397	Improving treatment adherence for blood pressure lowering via mobile phone SMS-messages in South Africa: A qualitative evaluation of the SMS-text Adherence SuppoRt (StAR) trial Service organization, utilization, and delivery of care	Leon N., Surender R., Bobrow K., Muller J., Farmer A.	2015	BMC Family Practice	16	1	10.1186/s12875-015-0289-7	Health Systems Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Fransie Van Zyl Drive P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, 32 Wellington Square, Oxford, United Kingdom; Chronic Disease Initiative for Africa, Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Main Road, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa; Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Gibson Building, Oxford, United Kingdom	Leon, N., Health Systems Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Fransie Van Zyl Drive P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg Cape Town, South Africa; Surender, R., Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, 32 Wellington Square, Oxford, United Kingdom; Bobrow, K., Chronic Disease Initiative for Africa, Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Main Road, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Gibson Building, Oxford, United Kingdom; Muller, J., Health Systems Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Fransie Van Zyl Drive P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg Cape Town, South Africa; Farmer, A., Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Gibson Building, Oxford, United Kingdom	Background: Effective use of proven treatments for high blood pressure, a preventable health risk, is challenging for many patients. Prompts via mobile phone SMS-text messaging may improve adherence to clinic visits and treatment, though more research is needed on impact and patient perceptions of such support interventions, especially in low-resource settings. Method: An individually-randomised controlled trial in a primary care clinic in Cape Town (2012-14), tested the effect of an adherence support intervention delivered via SMS-texts, on blood pressure control and adherence to medication, for hypertensive patients. (Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02019823). We report on a qualitative evaluation that explored the trial participants' experiences and responses to the SMS-text messages, and identified barriers and facilitators to delivering adherence support via patients' own mobile phones. Two focus groups and fifteen individual interviews were conducted. We used comparative and thematic analysis approaches to identify themes and triangulated our analysis amongst three researchers. Results: Most participants were comfortable with the technology of using SMS-text messages. Messages were experienced as acceptable, relevant and useful to a broad range of participants. The SMS-content, the respectful tone and the delivery (timing of reminders and frequency) and the relational aspect of trial participation (feeling cared for) were all highly valued. A subgroup who benefitted the most, were those who had been struggling with adherence due to high levels of personal stress. The intervention appeared to coincide with their readiness for change, and provided practical and emotional support for improving adherence behaviour. Change may have been facilitated through increased acknowledgement of their health status and attitudinal change towards greater self-responsibility. Complex interaction of psycho-social stressors and health service problems were reported as broader challenges to adherence behaviours. Conclusion: Adherence support for treatment of raised blood pressure, delivered via SMS-text message on the patient's own phone, was found to be acceptable, relevant and helpful, even for those who already had their own reminder systems in place. Our findings begin to identify for whom and what core elements of the SMS-text message intervention appear to work best in a low-resource operational setting, issues that future research should explore in greater depth. © 2015 Leon et al.	Adherence; Blood pressure treatment; Hypertension; low-and middle-income countries primary-care; mHealth; Mobile phone-based SMS-messages; qualitative methodology, patient perspective; South Africa	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33847693912	Exploring the interaction between comorbid psychiatric and medical diagnoses: The potential impact of borderline personality disorder on adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)	Nel J., Smith M.R.	2006	South African Journal of Psychology	36	4	None	Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University, South Africa	Nel, J., Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Smith, M.R., Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University, South Africa	It is well documented that patient adherence to medical advice and prescription medication is suboptimal. While the reasons for non-compliance are varied and complex, it is essential that they be expounded to facilitate the efficacy of medical interventions. In no other illness is this more pertinent than with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has become the first line of treatment for HIV, but stringent adherence is a prerequisite for therapeutic efficacy. As with other treatments, adherence to HAART is problematic. One factor that may play a significant role is if the patient has a comorbid psychiatric illness. This article provides a theoretical exposition of how a patient with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) might suffer innumerable exigencies with adherence as a hypothesised function of the individual properties of his or her illness that is likely to be compounded when the properties interact with one another. © Psychological Society of South Africa. All rights reserved.	Adherence; Borderline personality disorder (BPD); Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART); Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); Non-compliance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84899626659	Monitoring microbicide gel use with real-time notification of the container's opening events: Results of the CAPRISA wisebag study	Gengiah T.N., Upfold M., Naidoo A., Mansoor L.E., Feldblum P.J., Abdool Karim Q., Abdool Karim S.S.	2014	AIDS and Behavior	18	5	10.1007/s10461-014-0750-y	Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Doris Duke Medical Research Institute (2nd Floor), University of KwaZulu-Natal, 719 Umbilo Road, Durban, South Africa; FHI360, Durham, NC, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, United States	Gengiah, T.N., Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Doris Duke Medical Research Institute (2nd Floor), University of KwaZulu-Natal, 719 Umbilo Road, Durban, South Africa; Upfold, M., Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Doris Duke Medical Research Institute (2nd Floor), University of KwaZulu-Natal, 719 Umbilo Road, Durban, South Africa; Naidoo, A., Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Doris Duke Medical Research Institute (2nd Floor), University of KwaZulu-Natal, 719 Umbilo Road, Durban, South Africa; Mansoor, L.E., Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Doris Duke Medical Research Institute (2nd Floor), University of KwaZulu-Natal, 719 Umbilo Road, Durban, South Africa; Feldblum, P.J., FHI360, Durham, NC, United States; Abdool Karim, Q., Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Doris Duke Medical Research Institute (2nd Floor), University of KwaZulu-Natal, 719 Umbilo Road, Durban, South Africa, Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, United States; Abdool Karim, S.S., Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Doris Duke Medical Research Institute (2nd Floor), University of KwaZulu-Natal, 719 Umbilo Road, Durban, South Africa, Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, United States	Accurate estimation of the effectiveness of a microbicide for HIV prevention requires valid measurement of adherence to product use. A microbicide gel applicator container (Wisebag), fitted with cell phone technology to transmit opening events and text message reminders, was developed to monitor each opening event of the container as a proxy for gel use and adherence. Ten women were enrolled in a pilot study and followed for up to 4 months. Wisebag opening (WBO) dates and times were recorded and correlated with self-reported sex acts and gel applicator returns. During the 33 monthly follow-up visits, 47.8 % (77/161) of the recorded number of WBO events were concordant with the number of empty (used) applicators returned. The discrepancies were likely due to removal of more than one applicator during a single opening event. When the date and time of the WBO event data was assessed in relation to three different self-report adherence measures, agreement was fairly modest. The Wisebag was found to be acceptable as a storage container and the cell phone reminders generated were useful in supporting the dosing strategy. We recommend that the Wisebag be considered for larger scale and lengthier testing in microbicide trials. © 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York.	Adherence; Clinical trials; Electronic monitoring; HIV prevention; Microbicides	antiinfective agent; gel; adult; coitus; devices; drug delivery system; feasibility study; female; follow up; gel; HIV Infections; human; intravaginal drug administration; medication compliance; mobile phone; pilot study; questionnaire; text messaging; Administration, Intravaginal; Adult; Anti-Infective Agents; Cell Phones; Coitus; Drug Delivery Systems; Feasibility Studies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gels; HIV Infections; Humans; Medication Adherence; Pilot Projects; Questionnaires; Text Messaging	None
WoS	WOS:000296353600001	Alternative antiretroviral monitoring strategies for HIV-infected patients in east Africa: opportunities to save more lives?	Bacon, Melanie C.,Braithwaite, R. Scott,Diero, Lameck,Kimaiyo, Sylvester,Musick, Beverly,Nucifora, Kimberly A.,Wools-Kaloustian, Kara,Yiannoutsos, Constantin T.	2011	JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL AIDS SOCIETY	14	None	10.1186/1758-2652-14-38	Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indiana University System, Moi University, National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA, New York University, National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA, NIH National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases (NIAID)	"Bacon, Melanie C.: National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA","Braithwaite, R. Scott: New York University","Diero, Lameck: Moi University","Kimaiyo, Sylvester: Moi University","Musick, Beverly: Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis","Musick, Beverly: Indiana University System","Nucifora, Kimberly A.: New York University","Wools-Kaloustian, Kara: Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis","Wools-Kaloustian, Kara: Indiana University System","Yiannoutsos, Constantin T.: Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis","Yiannoutsos, Constantin T.: Indiana University System",	Background: Updated World Health Organization guidelines have amplified debate about how resource constraints should impact monitoring strategies for HIV-infected persons on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). We estimated the incremental benefit and cost effectiveness of alternative monitoring strategies for east Africans with known HIV infection. Methods: Using a validated HIV computer simulation based on resource-limited data (USAID and AMPATH) and circumstances (east Africa), we compared alternative monitoring strategies for HIV-infected persons newly started on cART. We evaluated clinical, immunologic and virologic monitoring strategies, including combinations and conditional logic (e. g., only perform virologic testing if immunologic testing is positive). We calculated incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER) in units of cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY), using a societal perspective and a lifetime horizon. Costs were measured in 2008 US dollars, and costs and benefits were discounted at 3%. We compared the ICER of monitoring strategies with those of other resource-constrained decisions, in particular earlier cART initiation (at CD4 counts of 350 cells/mm(3) rather than 200 cells/mm3). Results: Monitoring strategies employing routine CD4 testing without virologic testing never maximized health benefits, regardless of budget or societal willingness to pay for additional health benefits. Monitoring strategies employing virologic testing conditional upon particular CD4 results delivered the most benefit at willingness-to-pay levels similar to the cost of earlier cART initiation (approximately $2600/QALY). Monitoring strategies employing routine virologic testing alone only maximized health benefits at willingness-to-pay levels (&gt; $4400/QALY) that greatly exceeded the ICER of earlier cART initiation. Conclusions: CD4 testing alone never maximized health benefits regardless of resource limitations. Programmes routinely performing virologic testing but deferring cART initiation may increase health benefits by reallocating monitoring resources towards earlier cART initiation.	,ADHERENCE,COST-EFFECTIVENESS,MODEL,OUTCOMES,PROGRAMS,"RESOURCE-LIMITED SETTINGS",THERAPY,"VIRAL LOAD"	None	None
WoS	WOS:000311886700008	Impact of Internalized Stigma on HIV Prevention Behaviors Among HIV-Infected Individuals Seeking HIV Care in Kenya	Akach, Emannuel,Dodge, Brian,Kingori, Caroline,Murray, Maresa,Ngatia, Peter,Obeng, Samuel,Ojakaa, David,Reece, Michael,Shacham, Enbal	2012	AIDS PATIENT CARE AND STDS	26	12	10.1089/apc.2012.0258	Indiana University Bloomington, Indiana University System, Ohio University, Saint Louis University, African Med Res Fdn AMREF	"Dodge, Brian: Indiana University Bloomington","Dodge, Brian: Indiana University System","Kingori, Caroline: Ohio University","Murray, Maresa: Indiana University Bloomington","Murray, Maresa: Indiana University System","Obeng, Samuel: Indiana University Bloomington","Obeng, Samuel: Indiana University System","Reece, Michael: Indiana University Bloomington","Reece, Michael: Indiana University System","Shacham, Enbal: Saint Louis University",	In general, an initial diagnosis of HIV is likely to be correlated with the onset of HIV stigma. HIV-positive individuals are likely to internalize stigma, may suffer from psychosocial issues, or engage in maladaptive behaviors to cope with the diagnosis. Internalized stigma stems from fear of stigmatization also known as felt stigma. The current study examined the impact of HIV felt stigma on overall health and success of HIV prevention behaviors among 370 participants living with HIV and receiving care at an urban HIV clinic in Kenya. An 18-item instrument was cross culturally adapted to measure felt stigma. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses examined the data. Findings indicate that 25.9% (n = 96) of participants who reported experiencing high levels of felt stigma related to other people's attitudes toward their condition, ostracizing, and a disruption of their personal life, were likely to not adhere to prescribed HIV medication and not disclose their HIV serostatus to one other person. Those who also experienced felt stigma related to a disruption of their personal lives while mediated by depression were likely to report poor overall health. Findings support having HIV clinics and interventions develop relevant HIV prevention strategies that focus on the emerging dimensions of felt stigma which can significantly impact disclosure of serostatus, medication adherence, and overall health.	,ADHERENCE,DEPRESSION,DISCLOSURE,HEALTH,HIV/AIDS,PEOPLE,SCALE,TRANSLATION,VALIDATION,VALIDITY	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79952389547	Evaluation of drug use among diabetic hypertensive patients in a teaching hospital	Eze Uchenna I.H., Odunayo Oluwakemi O.	2010	International Journal of Drug Development and Research	2	4	None	Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sagamu, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria	Eze Uchenna, I.H., Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sagamu, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria; Odunayo Oluwakemi, O., Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sagamu, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria	The major approach to patients' health problems is the use of drugs particularly in the co morbid states. In this study we intend to evaluate the prescribing pattern, determine the nature and extent of irrational drug use and assess rate of medication adherence and reasons for non adherence among patients attending an outpatient clinic of Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital (OOUTH) Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria. A two fold study was done using 100 case notes belonging to diabetic hypertensive patients of whom 67 patients were available for oral interview on medication adherence. Data on sex, age, groups of medicines prescribed, number of prescriptions and number of medicines occurring per prescription were obtained, World Health Organization (WHO) prescribing indicators were calculated and occurrence of irrational prescribing was detected. Analysis was done using Microsoft Excel 2000. Female to male ratio was 1:0.59 and average age ± SD of the patients was 63 ± 10 years. Anti diabetics were the most prescribed medicines 1152(31.8%) followed by anti-hypertensives 865(23.9%). Average no of drugs per prescription was 4.7; Percentage of drugs prescribed as generics 40.1%; Percentage of antibiotics and injections per prescription were 9.4% and 2.1% respectively. Extravagant prescribing occurred in 92.7% of the cases. Forty nine (73.1%) were adherent. Cost (63.2%) and forgetfulness 915.7%) were reasons for non adherence. Prescribing in this group of patients is sub-optimal, however majority claimed to be adherent. Interventions are needed for health care providers and the patients alike. © 2010 IJDDR.	Adherence; Diabetic hypertensive; Drugs	analgesic agent; antianemic agent; antibiotic agent; antidepressant agent; antidiabetic agent; antihypertensive agent; antimalarial agent; generic drug; insulin; sedative agent; adult; aged; article; diabetes mellitus; diabetic patient; drug use; female; human; hypertension; major clinical study; male; medication error; polypharmacy; prescription; teaching hospital; treatment refusal	None
WoS	WOS:000344345100006	The Impact of Mentor Mother Programs on PMTCT Service Uptake and Retention-in-Care at Primary Health Care Facilities in Nigeria: A Prospective Cohort Study (MoMent Nigeria)	Adejuyigbe, Ebun,Adeyemi, Olusegun A.,Afe, Abayomi J.,Bassey, Emem,Charurat, Manhattan E.,Cornelius, Llewellyn J.,Galadanci, Hadiza,Isah, Haroun O.,Jolaoso, Ibidun,Okundaye, Joshua N.,Sam-Agudu, Nadia A.,Wiwa, Owens M.	2014	JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES	67	None	10.1097/QAI.0000000000000331	Bayero University, Obafemi Awolowo University, University of Maryland Baltimore, University System of Maryland, Clinton Hlth Access Initiat, Equitable Hlth Access Initiat, Fed Minist Hlth, Inst Human Virol Nigeria	"Adejuyigbe, Ebun: Obafemi Awolowo University","Charurat, Manhattan E.: University of Maryland Baltimore","Charurat, Manhattan E.: University System of Maryland","Cornelius, Llewellyn J.: University of Maryland Baltimore","Cornelius, Llewellyn J.: University System of Maryland","Galadanci, Hadiza: Bayero University","Okundaye, Joshua N.: University of Maryland Baltimore","Okundaye, Joshua N.: University System of Maryland",	Background:Nigeria is a key target country in the global effort toward elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Low coverage of prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) interventions, adherence, and retention-in-care rates in HIV-positive pregnant women are contributing factors to high mother-to-child transmission of HIV (MTCT) rates. In Nigeria, rural areas, served largely by primary health care facilities, have particularly poor indicators of PMTCT coverage. Mentor Mothers are HIV-positive women who serve as peer counselors for PMTCT clients, provide guidance, and support in keeping appointments and promoting antiretroviral adherence and retention-in-care. The Mother Mentor (MoMent) study aims to investigate the impact of structured Mentor Mother programs on PMTCT outcomes in rural Nigeria.Design and Methods:A prospective cohort study will compare rates of retention-in-care among PMTCT clients who are supported by formally-trained supervised Mentor Mothers versus clients who receive standard-of-care, informal peer support. Study sites are 20 primary health care centers (10 intervention, 10 control) in rural North-Central Nigeria. The study population is HIV-positive mothers and exposed infant pairs (MIPs) (N = 480; 240 MIPs per study arm). Primary outcome measures are the proportion of exposed infants receiving early HIV testing by age 2 months, and the proportion of MIPs retained in care at 6 months postpartum. Secondary outcome measures examine antiretroviral adherence, 12-month postpartum MIP retention, and MTCT rates. This article presents details of the study design, the structured Mentor Mother programs, and how their impact on PMTCT outcomes will be assessed.	ADHERENCE,"early infant diagnosis","Mentor Mother",NIGERIA,PMTCT,RETENTION,AFRICA,CASCADE,COMMUNITY,INTERVENTION,OUTCOMES,PREVENTION,"TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION",WORKERS	None	None
WoS	WOS:000250834900004	Adherence to HAART therapy measured by electronic monitoring in newly diagnosed HIV patients in Botswana	Anand, Bene,Cohen, Adam,Iwebor, Henry Uchechukwaka,Kristanto, Paulus,Rakesh, Pande,Stiekema, Jacobus,Vriesendorp, Reinout,Vrijens, Bernard	2007	EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY	63	12	10.1007/s00228-007-0369-2	Leiden University, VU University Amsterdam, Ardex Ltd, CHDR, Nyangabgwe Hosp, Pharmion Syst Ltd	None	Aims This pilot study was designed to evaluate the feasibility and benefits of electronic adherence monitoring of antiretroviral medications in HIV patients who recently started Highly Active Anti Retroviral Therapy (HAART) in Francistown, Botswana and to compare this with self-reporting. Methods Dosing histories were compiled electronically using Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) monitors to evaluate adherence to prescribed therapies. Thirty patients enrolled in the antiretroviral treatment program were monitored over 6 weeks. These patients were all antiretroviral (ARV) naive. After each visit (mean three times) to the pharmacy, the data compiled by the monitors were downloaded. Electronic monitoring of adherence was compared to patient self-reports of adherence. Results The mean individual medication adherence level measured with the electronic device was 85% (range 21-100%). The mean adherence level measured by means of self-reporting was 98% (range 70-100%). Medication prescribed on a once-a-day dose base was associated with a higher adherence level (97.9% for efavirenz) compared with a twice-a-day regimen (88.4% for Lamivudine/Zidovudine). Conclusions It is feasible to assess treatment adherence of patients living in a low resource setting on HAART by using electronic monitors. Adherence, even in the early stages of treatment, appears to be insufficient in some patients and may be below the level required for continuous inhibition of viral replication. This approach may lead to improved targeting of counselling about their medication intake of such patients in order to prevent occurrence of resistant viral strains due to inadequate inhibition of viral replication. In this pilot study a significant difference between the data recorded through the electronic monitors and those provided by self-reporting was observed.	ADHERENCE,HAART,"MEMS caps","ANTIRETROVIRAL ADHERENCE",CLINICAL-PRACTICE,COMBINATIONS,DIDANOSINE,DRUG-RESISTANCE,"INFECTED PATIENTS",NEVIRAPINE,"PROTEASE INHIBITORS",SELF-REPORT,ZIDOVUDINE	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84922013357	Impact of adherence and anthropometric characteristics on nevirapine pharmacokinetics and exposure among HIV-infected Kenyan children	Vreeman R.C., Nyandiko W.M., Liechty E.A., Busakhala N., Bartelink I.H., Savic R.M., Scanlon M.L., Ayaya S.O., Blaschke T.F.	2014	Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes	67	3	None	Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, 410 W, 10th Street, Indianapolis, IN, United States; Regenstrief Institute, Inc, Indianapolis, IN, United States; Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH), Eldoret, Kenya; Department of Child Health and Paediatrics, College of Health Sciences, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya; Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Department of Medicine (Clinical Pharmacology) and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States	Vreeman, R.C., Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, 410 W, 10th Street, Indianapolis, IN, United States, Regenstrief Institute, Inc, Indianapolis, IN, United States, Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH), Eldoret, Kenya; Nyandiko, W.M., Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH), Eldoret, Kenya, Department of Child Health and Paediatrics, College of Health Sciences, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya; Liechty, E.A., Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, 410 W, 10th Street, Indianapolis, IN, United States; Busakhala, N., Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH), Eldoret, Kenya, Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya; Bartelink, I.H., Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Savic, R.M., Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Scanlon, M.L., Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, 410 W, 10th Street, Indianapolis, IN, United States, Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH), Eldoret, Kenya; Ayaya, S.O., Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH), Eldoret, Kenya, Department of Child Health and Paediatrics, College of Health Sciences, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya; Blaschke, T.F., Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States, Department of Medicine (Clinical Pharmacology) and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States	Background: There are insufficient data on pediatric antiretroviral therapy (ART) pharmacokinetics (PK), particularly for children in low- and middle-income countries. Methods: We conducted a prospective nevirapine (NVP) PK study among HIV-infected Kenyan children aged 3-13 years initiating an NVP-based ART regimen. NVP dose timing was measured through medication event monitors. Participants underwent 2 inpatient assessments: 1 at 4-8 weeks after ART initiation and 1 at 3-4 months after ART initiation. Allometric scaling of oral clearance (CL)/bioavailability (F) and volume of distribution (Vd)/F values were computed. Nonlinear mixed-effects modeling using the first-order conditional estimation with interaction method was performed with covariates. The impact of adherence on time below minimum effective concentration was assessed in the final PK model using medication event monitors data and model-estimated individual parameters. Results: Among 21 children enrolled, mean age was 5.4 years and 57% were female. CL/F was 1.67 L/h and Vd/F was 3.8 L for a median child weighing 15 kg. Participants' age had a significant impact on CL/F (P < 0.05), with an estimated decrease in CL of 6.2% for each 1-year increase in age. Total body water percentage was significantly associated with Vd/F (P < 0.001). No children had >10% of time below minimum effective concentration when the PK model assumed perfect adherence compared with 10 children when adherence data were used. Conclusions: Age and body composition were significantly associated with children's NVP PK parameters. ART adherence significantly impacted drug exposure over time, revealing subtherapeutic windows that may lead to viral resistance. Copyright © 2014 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.	Adherence; HIV-infected children; Pharmacokinetics; Resource-limited settings	nevirapine; anti human immunodeficiency virus agent; nevirapine; adolescent; age; allometry; anthropometry; antiviral therapy; apparent distribution volume; arm circumference; Article; body composition; body weight; child; childhood disease; clinical article; drug absorption; drug bioavailability; drug clearance; drug distribution; drug dose increase; drug exposure; drug monitoring; elimination rate constant; female; follow up; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; Kenyan; male; malnutrition; medication compliance; minimum plasma concentration; oral clearance; patient compliance; priority journal; prospective study; total body water; volume of distribution; anthropometry; bioavailability; body size; body water; HIV Infections; Kenya; metabolism; nutritional status; preschool child; Adolescent; Anthropometry; Anti-HIV Agents; Biological Availability; Body Size; Body Water; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Kenya; Male; Medication Adherence; Nevirapine; Nutritional Status; Prospective Studies	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84885418119	The impact of stressful life events, symptom status, and adherence concerns on quality of life in people living with HIV	Corless I.B., Voss J., Guarino A.J., Wantland D., Holzemer W., Jane Hamilton M., Sefcik E., Willard S., Kirksey K., Portillo C., Mendez M.R., Rosa M.E., Nicholas P.K., Human S., Maryland M., Moezzi S., Robinson L., Cuca Y.	2013	Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care	24	6	10.1016/j.jana.2012.11.005	MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA, United States; University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Rutgers University School of Nursing, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States; Texas A and M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, United States; Harris Health System, Houston, TX, United States; School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences, Campus School of Nursing, San Juan, Puerto Rico; Universidad del Turabo School of Health Sciences, Gurabo, Puerto Rico; School of Nursing, MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA, United States; University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa; Illinois Division, American Cancer Society, Chicago, IL, United States; Middle East Center University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; University of San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States	Corless, I.B., MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA, United States; Voss, J., University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Guarino, A.J., MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA, United States; Wantland, D., Rutgers University School of Nursing, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States; Holzemer, W., Rutgers University School of Nursing, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States; Jane Hamilton, M., Texas A and M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, United States; Sefcik, E., Texas A and M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, United States; Willard, S., Rutgers University School of Nursing, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States; Kirksey, K., Harris Health System, Houston, TX, United States; Portillo, C., School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; Mendez, M.R., University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences, Campus School of Nursing, San Juan, Puerto Rico; Rosa, M.E., Universidad del Turabo School of Health Sciences, Gurabo, Puerto Rico; Nicholas, P.K., School of Nursing, MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA, United States; Human, S., University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa; Maryland, M., Illinois Division, American Cancer Society, Chicago, IL, United States; Moezzi, S., Middle East Center University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Robinson, L., University of San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States; Cuca, Y., School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States	Studies concerning persons living with HIV (PLWH) report that stressful life events (SLEs) contribute to an exacerbation of symptoms and reduced antiretroviral (ARV) adherence and quality of life (QOL). Little is known about whether these findings are site-specific. Our study's aims were to characterize the type and frequency of SLEs for PLWH in Puerto Rico, South Africa, and the United States, and to assess the impact of SLEs by national site, symptoms, and ARV adherence concerns on QOL. The sample consisted of 704 participants. The total number of SLEs correlated significantly with the total number of symptoms, adherence concerns, and QOL (p ≤ .001). Overall, 27.2% of the variance in QOL was explained by the aforementioned variables. Although SLEs were of concern to PLWH, worries about ARV adherence were of even greater concern. Routine assessment of ARV concerns and SLEs can promote ongoing ARV adherence and improved QOL. © 2013 Association of Nurses in AIDS Care.	Adherence; HIV; Quality of life; Stressful life events; Symptoms	antiretrovirus agent; adaptive behavior; ADHERENCE; adult; aged; article; cultural factor; ethnology; female; health survey; human; Human immunodeficiency virus; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; life event; male; medication compliance; mental stress; middle aged; psychological aspect; Puerto Rico; quality of life; questionnaire; Sickness Impact Profile; socioeconomics; South Africa; stressful life events; symptoms; United States; young adult; adherence; HIV; quality of life; stressful life events; symptoms; Adaptation, Psychological; Adult; Aged; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Cross-Cultural Comparison; Female; Health Surveys; HIV Infections; Humans; Life Change Events; Male; Medication Adherence; Middle Aged; Puerto Rico; Quality of Life; Questionnaires; Sickness Impact Profile; Socioeconomic Factors; South Africa; Stress, Psychological; United States; Young Adult	P20 NR08359, NIH, National Institutes of Health; P20 NR08342, NIH, National Institutes of Health
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956926852	Impact of telephonic psycho-social support on adherence to post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) after rape	Abrahams N., Jewkes R., Lombard C., Mathews S., Campbell J., Meel B.	2010	AIDS Care - Psychological and Socio-Medical Aspects of AIDS/HIV	22	10	10.1080/09540121003692185	Gender and Health Research Unit, Medical Research Council, PO Box 19070, Tygerberg 7405, Cape Town, South Africa; Gender and Health Research Unit, Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa; Biostatistics Unit, Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; Johns Hopkins University, School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa	Abrahams, N., Gender and Health Research Unit, Medical Research Council, PO Box 19070, Tygerberg 7405, Cape Town, South Africa; Jewkes, R., Gender and Health Research Unit, Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa; Lombard, C., Biostatistics Unit, Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; Mathews, S., Gender and Health Research Unit, Medical Research Council, PO Box 19070, Tygerberg 7405, Cape Town, South Africa; Campbell, J., Johns Hopkins University, School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, United States; Meel, B., Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa	South Africa has one of the highest rates of both rape and HIV infections. Of great concern is the possibility of HIV transmission during the assault, but adherence to post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) has been varied and low. We developed a telephonic psycho-social support, leaflet and adherence diary intervention for rape victims and tested its impact on adherence to PEP. A randomised control trial was conducted in the Western and Eastern Cape and 279 rape survivors were enrolled in two arms. The intervention involved the providing of an information leaflet including an adherence diary and follow-up support through telephone calls by a counsellor during the 28 days of taking the PEP. The controls received the leaflet. Follow-up interviews and tablet checks were done with 253 participants to assess adherence. The primary outcome was completion of 28 days of PEP with no more than three missed doses (94% adherence). There was more adherence in the intervention arm (38.2% vs. 31.9%), but the estimated intervention effect of 6.5% (95% CI: -4.6 to 17.6%) was not statistically significant, p=0.13. The intervention was associated with the reading of the pamphlet (p=0.07) and an increased use of the diary (p=0.01), but did not reduce depressive psychopathology. Overall adherence was greater amongst those who read the leaflet and used the medication diary. The study showed that the intervention was not effective in significantly improving adherence and adherence levels were low in both study arms. Further research to understand reasons for non-adherence is needed before further interventions are developed. © 2010 Taylor & Francis.	adherence; HIV transmission; post-exposure prophylaxis; sexual assault	lamivudine; lamivudine plus zidovudine; zidovudine; adolescent; adult; article; child; clinical trial; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; depression; female; follow up; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; intervention study; interview; major clinical study; outcome assessment; patient care; patient compliance; priority journal; prophylaxis; randomized controlled trial; rape; school child; social support; South Africa; survivor; telephone; virus transmission; Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Child; Counseling; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Medication Adherence; Patient Education as Topic; Rape; Social Support; South Africa; Telephone; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33749480619	The impact of meaning in life and life goals on adherence to a tuberculosis medication regimen in South Africa	Corless I.B., Nicholas P.K., Wantland D., McInerney P., Ncama B., Bhengu B., McGibbon C., Davis S.	2006	International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease	10	10	None	Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA, United States; University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa; University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; MGH Institute of Health Professions, CNY 36 1st Ave, Boston, MA 02129, United States	Corless, I.B., Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA, United States, MGH Institute of Health Professions, CNY 36 1st Ave, Boston, MA 02129, United States; Nicholas, P.K., Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA, United States; Wantland, D., University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; McInerney, P., University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa; Ncama, B., University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa; Bhengu, B., University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa; McGibbon, C., Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA, United States, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada; Davis, S., Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States	SETTING: Out-patient tuberculosis (TB) clinics in Durban, South Africa. OBJECTIVE: Health care provider concerns about persons with active TB defaulting on medications led to a study of adherence among persons receiving anti-tuberculosis therapy and, specifically, the relationships between meaning in life, life goals, sense of coherence, social support, symptom presence and intensity, and adherence in individuals diagnosed with TB. DESIGN: A cross-sectional, descriptive design was used to gather self-reported data from TB-infected individuals who were enrolled in out-patient clinics. Data were collected from 159 Zulu and/or English-speaking persons who agreed to participate in the study. RESULTS: A significant relationship was found between higher life goals and adherence to TB treatment (P = 0.027). Analysis of variance revealed that higher meaning in life ratings were significantly associated with older age (P = 0.007). Having children and children living in the same household were significantly associated with low meaning in life ratings (P = 0.006 and P ≤ 0.001, respectively), indicating that these individuals were more concerned about basic matters of home and sustenance. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that meaning in life and life goals may be useful for identifying individuals who will require additional support in adhering to anti-tuberculosis treatment. © 2006 The Union.	Adherence; Life goals; Meaning in life; South Africa; Tuberculosis	tuberculostatic agent; adult; aged; article; controlled study; demography; female; health care personnel; human; life; lung tuberculosis; male; outpatient department; patient compliance; priority journal; social support; South Africa; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Goals; Humans; Life; Male; Middle Aged; Patient Compliance; Social Support; Social Values; South Africa; Tuberculosis; Value of Life	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84925878225	Evaluation of adherence measures of antiretroviral prophylaxis in HIV exposed infants in the first 6 weeks of life	Desmond A.C., Moodley D., Conolly C.A., Castel S.A., Coovadia H.M.	2015	BMC Pediatrics	15	1	10.1186/s12887-015-0340-9	Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa-CAPRISA, Women's Health and HIV Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Biostatistics Unit, Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa; Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Maternal Adolescent and Child Health (MatCH), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Desmond, A.C., Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa-CAPRISA, Women's Health and HIV Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Moodley, D., Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa-CAPRISA, Women's Health and HIV Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Conolly, C.A., Biostatistics Unit, Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa; Castel, S.A., Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Coovadia, H.M., Maternal Adolescent and Child Health (MatCH), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Background: Adherence to an antiretroviral regimen is imperative for treatment success in both HIV infected adults and children. Likewise, adherence to antiretroviral prophylaxis is critical in HIV prevention. Studies on pediatric adherence are limited, particularly the prophylactic use of antiretroviral drugs and treatment adherence in very young infants. The HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 046 study (Clinical Trial Registration NCT00074412) determined the safety and efficacy of an extended regimen of nevirapine suspension in infants born to HIV-1 infected women for the prevention of vertical HIV transmission during breastfeeding. As per protocol, adherence to nevirapine prophylaxis was measured by maternal verbal reports. In addition, the pharmacy assessed the unused returned suspension. The aim of this sub-study was to determine the reliability of maternal verbal reports in measuring adherence to antiretroviral prophylaxis in infants in the first 6 weeks of life and evaluating the unused returned nevirapine as an alternative method of measuring adherence. Methods: Maternal verbal reports and pharmacy returns indicative of "missed&lt;2 doses" were evaluated against a plasma nevirapine concentration of &gt;100 ng/ml in a subgroup of infants at 2, 5 and 6 weeks of age. Plasma nevirapine concentration of &gt;100 ng/ml was used as a marker of adherence (10 times the in vitro IC50 against HIV). Results: Adherence was 87.7% (maternal verbal report) and 71.3% (unused returned medication), as compared to 85.6% by plasma nevirapine concentration. Evaluated against plasma nevirapine concentration &lt;100 ng/ml, the sensitivity and specificity of maternal verbal reports to detect a missed dose in the last 3 days were 75% and 78% (p=0.03) respectively. Overall, among infants who were classified as adherent based on missed doses by maternal verbal reports and unused returned medication, 88.4% and 87.4% of infants attained a nevirapine concentration above 100 ng/ml respectively. Conclusion: Maternal verbal reports are a reliable measure of adherence to infant antiretroviral prophylaxis in the first 6 weeks of life and could be useful in assessing adherence to antiretroviral treatment in infants younger than 6 weeks. In the absence of resources or expertise to determine plasma drug concentration, we would recommend random assessments of unused returned medication. © Desmond et al.; licensee BioMed Central.	Adherence measures; Antiretroviral prophylaxis; Infants; Maternal verbal report; Pharmacy returns	nevirapine; adult; antibiotic prophylaxis; Article; breast feeding; diagnostic test accuracy study; drug blood level; drug efficacy; drug safety; female; highly active antiretroviral therapy; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; IC50; infant; maternal verbal report; measurement; medication compliance; patient compliance; sensitivity and specificity; verbal communication; vertical transmission	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84899643646	Impact of an adherence intervention on the effectiveness of tenofovir gel in the CAPRISA 004 trial	Mansoor L.E., Karim Q.A., Werner L., Madlala B., Ngcobo N., Cornman D.H., Amico K.R., Fisher J., Fisher W.A., MacQueen K.M., Karim S.S.A.	2014	AIDS and Behavior	18	5	10.1007/s10461-014-0752-9	Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X7, Congella 4013, South Africa	Mansoor, L.E., Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X7, Congella 4013, South Africa; Karim, Q.A., Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X7, Congella 4013, South Africa; Werner, L., Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X7, Congella 4013, South Africa; Madlala, B., Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X7, Congella 4013, South Africa; Ngcobo, N., Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X7, Congella 4013, South Africa; Cornman, D.H., Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X7, Congella 4013, South Africa; Amico, K.R., Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X7, Congella 4013, South Africa; Fisher, J., Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X7, Congella 4013, South Africa; Fisher, W.A., Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X7, Congella 4013, South Africa; MacQueen, K.M., Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X7, Congella 4013, South Africa; Karim, S.S.A., Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X7, Congella 4013, South Africa	High adherence is important in microbicide trials, but no adherence interventions to date have demonstrated empiric improvements in microbicide adherence or effectiveness. Approximately midway during the CAPRISA 004 trial, we implemented a novel adherence intervention (Adherence Support Program - ASP), based on an Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills model and incorporating a Motivational Interviewing approach. We assessed the impact of the ASP on adherence and tenofovir gel effectiveness using a before-and-after comparison. Of the 889 women in the trial, 774 contributed 486.1 women-years of follow-up pre-ASP and 828 contributed 845.7 women-years of follow-up post-ASP. Median adherence rose from 53.6 % pre-ASP to 66.5 % post-ASP. Detectable tenofovir levels increased from 40.6 % pre-ASP to 62.5 % post-ASP in 64 women who had paired tenofovir drug samples. Gel effectiveness improved post-ASP; HIV incidence in the tenofovir gel arm was 24 % lower pre-ASP compared to 47 % lower post-ASP. Following implementation of the ASP, microbicide adherence improved with a concomitant increase in the effectiveness of tenofovir gel. © 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York.	Adherence support; HIV prevention; Motivational interviewing; Tenofovir gel	adenine; anti human immunodeficiency virus agent; gel; phosphonic acid derivative; tenofovir; topical antiinfective agent; adult; analogs and derivatives; controlled study; double blind procedure; epidemiology; female; gel; health behavior; HIV Infections; human; incidence; intervention study; medication compliance; motivational interviewing; psychological model; psychology; randomized controlled trial; socioeconomics; South Africa; statistics and numerical data; treatment outcome; Adenine; Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Double-Blind Method; Female; Gels; Health Behavior; HIV Infections; Humans; Incidence; Intervention Studies; Medication Adherence; Models, Psychological; Motivational Interviewing; Organophosphonates; Socioeconomic Factors; South Africa; Treatment Outcome	USAID, United States Agency for International Development
Scopus	2-s2.0-77649197354	Biological relevance of ion energy in performance of human endothelial cells on ion-implanted flexible polyurethane surfaces	Özkucur N., Richter E., Wetzel C., Funk R.H.W., Monsees T.K.	2010	Journal of Biomedical Materials Research - Part A	93	1	10.1002/jbm.a.32541	Department of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany; Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Department of Ion Beam Physics and Material Research, Dresden, Germany; Department of Ion Beam and Plasma Technique, Fraunhofer Institute, Dresden, Germany; Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa	Özkucur, N., Department of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany; Richter, E., Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Department of Ion Beam Physics and Material Research, Dresden, Germany; Wetzel, C., Department of Ion Beam and Plasma Technique, Fraunhofer Institute, Dresden, Germany; Funk, R.H.W., Department of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany; Monsees, T.K., Department of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany, Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa	To improve the biocompatibility of polyurethane (PUR), we modified the surface by irradiation with different ions (Carbon; C, Oxygen; O, Nitrogen; N, or Argon; Ar) at 0.3-50 keV energy and doses of 1,00E+13 - 1,00E+15 ions/cm 2. The effects of ion implantation using different ion energies and densities were observed on adhesion, proliferation, and viability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The long-term in vitro stability of ion-implanted PUR was also investigated. Ion irradiation moderately affected the surface roughness (Ra), but strongly enhanced the work of adhesion (Wa). Cell adhesion was markedly improved on O-, N-, and Ar-, but not on C-implanted PUR surfaces. Medium ion energies and lower ion doses produced the best HUVEC attachment and proliferation, indicating the importance of choosing the proper range of energy applied during ion irradiation. In addition, apoptosis rates were significantly reduced when compared with unmodified PUR (uPUR). N implantation significantly protected the surface, although C implantation led to stronger surface erosions than on uPUR. In total, ion implantation on flexible PUR surfaces strongly improved the material surface characteristics and biocompatibility. Electron beam ion implantation within an appropriate energy window is thus a key to improving flexible PUR surfaces for clinical use to support endothelial cell performance. Thus, it can contribute to designing small-diameter grafts, which are in great demand, towards vascular tissue engineering applications. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.	Adhesion; Biocompatibility; HUVECs; Ion implantation; Polyurethane	Apoptosis rates; Clinical use; Energy windows; Flexible Polyurethanes; Human endothelial cells; Human umbilical vein endothelial cells; HUVECs; In-vitro; Ion dose; Ion energies; Ion irradiation; Material surface; N implantation; Small-diameter; Surface erosion; Vascular tissue engineering; Work of adhesion; Adhesion; Argon; Biocompatibility; Blood vessel prostheses; Cell adhesion; Cell death; Electron beams; Ion bombardment; Ion implantation; Oxygen; Self assembly; Surface properties; Surface roughness; Tissue engineering; Endothelial cells; argon; carbon; ion; nitrogen; oxygen; polyurethan; apoptosis; article; biocompatibility; cell adhesion; cell count; cell density; cell proliferation; cell structure; cell viability; concentration response; controlled study; electron beam; endothelium cell; energy; human; human cell; implantation; irradiation; surface property; umbilical vein; Apoptosis; Cell Adhesion; Cell Count; Cell Proliferation; Cell Shape; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Culture Media; Endothelial Cells; Humans; Implants, Experimental; Ions; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Pliability; Polyurethanes; Surface Properties; Thermodynamics	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79952423212	Gross and histologic evaluation of abdominal adhesions associated with chromic catgut and polypropylene sutured enteropexies in dog [Evaluación macroscópica e histológica de las adherencias abdominales asociadas a enteropexias suturadas con catgut crómico	Akinrinmade J.F., Lawal A.O.	2010	International Journal of Morphology	28	4	None	Department of Veterinary Surgery and Reproduction, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	Akinrinmade, J.F., Department of Veterinary Surgery and Reproduction, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Lawal, A.O., Department of Veterinary Surgery and Reproduction, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	The gross and histologic patterns of abdominal adhesions formed by the use of chromic catgut and polypropylene suture materials were evaluated in dogs. Gross and histologic examinations did not reveal significant difference (p>0.05) in the degree of adhesions observed at enteropexy sites in both suture materials. The use of polypropylene with superior suture qualities should be considered instead of chromic catgut for procedures in which adhesion is desired in the dog.	Adhesion; Chromic catgut; Eneropexy; Polypropylene	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955716642	Evaluation of the functional potential of Weissella and Lactobacillus isolates obtained from Nigerian traditional fermented foods and cow's intestine	Ayeni F.A., Sánchez B., Adeniyi B.A., de los Reyes-Gavilán C.G., Margolles A., Ruas-Madiedo P.	2011	International Journal of Food Microbiology	147	2	10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.03.014	Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lacteos de Asturias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain; Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Ph	Ayeni, F.A., Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lacteos de Asturias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain, Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Sánchez, B., Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lacteos de Asturias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain; Adeniyi, B.A., Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; de los Reyes-Gavilán, C.G., Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lacteos de Asturias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain; Margolles, A., Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lacteos de Asturias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain; Ruas-Madiedo, P., Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lacteos de Asturias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain	The characterisation of 24 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolates from Nigerian traditional fermented dairy foods, including some cow's intestine isolates, was conducted in order to select isolates for potential use as probiotics. LAB isolates were identified by partial sequencing the 16S rRNA gene as belonging to the species Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus brevis and mainly Weissella confusa. At the end of a characterisation process, 2 L. paracasei and 2 W. confusa isolates were selected, and their resistance to a simulated gastrointestinal digestion and their ability to adhere to eukaryotic cell lines were assessed. The survival to the simulated gastrointestinal passage was higher when bacterial suspensions were made in skimmed milk (2.0 ± 0.8 log units reduction) or at the simulated gastric juice pH 3 (2.7 ± 0.9 log units reduction) than at pH 2.0 (5.5 ± 0.7 log units reduction). Adhesion of LAB to both intestinal and vaginal epithelial models was comparable or higher than that of the reference Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. However, some of the isolates increased the adhesion of the pathogen Escherichia coli LMG2092 to HT-29 and HeLa monolayers. Overall, isolates L. paracasei UI14 and W. confusa UI7 are good candidates for further studying potential benefits that support their use as probiotics. This is one of the few articles reporting the characterisation and the probiotic potential of Weissella, although more studies are needed in order to establish their safety for potential probiotic applications. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.	Adhesion epithelial cell culture; Antibiotic resistance; Gastrointestinal transit; Lactobacillus; Probiotic; Weissella	probiotic agent; RNA 16S; animal tissue; article; bacterial survival; bacterium identification; bacterium isolate; cell strain HT29; controlled study; cow; digestion; Escherichia coli; fermentation; food; gene sequence; HeLa cell; human; human cell; intestine; Lactobacillus brevis; Lactobacillus paracasei; Lactobacillus rhamnosus; milk; monolayer culture; Nigeria; nonhuman; pathogenesis; stomach juice; stomach pH; Weissella; Weissella confusa; Animals; Bacterial Adhesion; Cattle; Cell Line; Dairy Products; Escherichia coli; Female; Hela Cells; Humans; Intestines; Lactobacillus; Nigeria; Probiotics; Weissella; Bacteria (microorganisms); Escherichia coli; Eukaryota; Lactobacillus; Lactobacillus brevis; Lactobacillus paracasei; Lactobacillus rhamnosus; Weissella; Weissella confusa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84935748546	Evaluation of new cassava varieties for adhesive properties	John Olusola A., Babatunde Adebiyi O., Riyaad K.	2015	Starch/Staerke	67	08-Jul	10.1002/star.201400239	Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago; Department of Food Science and Technology, Bowen University, Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria	John Olusola, A., Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago, Department of Food Science and Technology, Bowen University, Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria; Babatunde Adebiyi, O., Department of Food Science and Technology, Bowen University, Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria; Riyaad, K., Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago	Cassava varieties: Red stick, Butter stick, Maracas Black stick, and M Col 22 were evaluated for pulp yield, starch yield, amylose, and protein contents in a screening exercise of new cassava varieties. Starch content of the tubers was determined. Starch was extracted from freshly harvested nine-month-old tubers using standard method. The starch paste was air dried before final drying at 50°C for 8-h in an oven. Amylose and protein contents of the starch were determined by approved methods. Adhesive was made by heating 10% starch slurry in 0.1-M KOH solution to 70 and 80°C, respectively. Color, pH, viscosities, adhesive force, adhesiveness, stickiness, and storage properties of the adhesives were determined. Pulp yields (74.1-83.1%), starch yields (11.8-20.3%); starch amylose (23.5-26.5%) and protein contents (0.34-0.82%) of cassava tubers differed. Also peak viscosity (297-393 RVU), breakdown viscosity (195-263 RVU), and set back viscosity (43-52 RVU) of the starches were significantly different. Similarly the adhesive force (-77 to -146 and adhesiveness (-1952-gs to -3075-gs) varied significantly. Adhesive from variety M Col 22 resolved into two fractions at two weeks of storage and completely broke down by week three. Pastes produced at 80°C were less viscous, had lower adhesiveness and adhesive force and were darker than pastes produced at 70°C. Storage reduced the adhesive force and adhesiveness of the adhesives. The adhesive pastes were alkaline (pH10.69-11.58). The Maracas Black Stick and Butter Stick varieties produced the best adhesives in terms of stickiness and resistance to degradation than the other two varieties. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.	Adhesive; Cassava; Properties; Starch	Adhesives; Alkalinity; Cyclodextrins; Plants (botany); Proteins; Screening; Starch; Viscosity; Adhesive properties; Breakdown viscosity; Cassava; Cassava varieties; Peak viscosities; Properties; Protein contents; Storage properties; Adhesive pastes; Manihot esculenta	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84929617633	Investigating the effects of security attacks on the performance of TCP variants and routing protocols in MANET	Melaku H.M., Woldegebreal D.H., Raimond K.	2015	International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology	51	3	10.1504/IJCAT.2015.069338	Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa Institute of Technology, King George IV St., P.O. Box 385, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Karunya University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India	Melaku, H.M., Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa Institute of Technology, King George IV St., P.O. Box 385, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Woldegebreal, D.H., Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa Institute of Technology, King George IV St., P.O. Box 385, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Raimond, K., Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Karunya University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India	In mobile ad hoc networks (MANET), security attack due to malicious nodes can affect normal operation of routing protocols, performance of transmission control protocol (TCP), and the network at large. This paper has investigated the effects of packet drop attack on the performance of TCP variants and routing protocols. Simulation was conducted by adding different percentage of malicious nodes in the network. Results have shown that from TCP variants, Vegas outperformed Newreno and SACK with 0% malicious nodes. However, as the percentage of malicious nodes added in the network increases from 5% to 50%, Newreno and SACK performed better than Vegas. Moreover, ad hoc on-demand (AODV) is more robust to packet drop attack than dynamic source routing (DSR). Finally, we have proposed TCP-PLDR (Packet Loss Detection and Response technique), which differentiate packet loss due to congestion or malicious packet drop attack. Experimental results have shown that TCP-PLDR performed better than TCP-SACK. Copyright © 2015 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.	Ad hoc on-demand; AODV; DSR; Dynamic source routing; Malicious packet drop attack; MANET; Mobile ad hoc network; Newreno; TCP-PLDR; TCP-SACK; Vegas	Ad hoc networks; Drops; Internet protocols; Mobile security; Network protocols; Network routing; Network security; Packet loss; Routing protocols; Telecommunication networks; Transmission control protocol; AODV; DSR; Dynamic source routing; Malicious packets; MANET; NewReno; On demands; TCP SACK; TCP-PLDR; Vegas; Mobile ad hoc networks	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-63449127156	Investigation of the validity of the kinetic plot method to predict the performance of coupled column systems operated at very high pressures under different thermal conditions	Cabooter D., Lestremau F., de Villiers A., Broeckhoven K., Lynen F., Sandra P., Desmet G.	2009	Journal of Chromatography A	1216	18	10.1016/j.chroma.2009.02.079	Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Pfizer Global Research and Development, Analytical Research and Development, Sandwich, United Kingdom; University of Stellenbosch, Department of Chemistry, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Pfizer Analytical Research Center (PARC), Krijgslaan 281, S4-Bis, 9000 Ghent, Belgium	Cabooter, D., Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Lestremau, F., Pfizer Global Research and Development, Analytical Research and Development, Sandwich, United Kingdom; de Villiers, A., University of Stellenbosch, Department of Chemistry, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Broeckhoven, K., Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Lynen, F., Pfizer Analytical Research Center (PARC), Krijgslaan 281, S4-Bis, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Sandra, P., Pfizer Analytical Research Center (PARC), Krijgslaan 281, S4-Bis, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Desmet, G., Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium	The present study investigates how strong the kinetic plot method is influenced by the changes in plate height, retention factor and apparent column permeability that arise under conditions of very high pressure. More precisely, the study investigates how well a set of performance measurements conducted on a single short column can be used to predict the performance of a long sequence of coupled columns. This has been investigated for the two practically most relevant thermal conditions, i.e., that of a forced-air oven and that of a still-air oven. Measuring column performance data for acetophenone and benzene on a series of coupled 3.5 μm columns that could be operated up to 1000 bar, it was found that the kinetic plot method provides accurate predictions of time versus efficiency for the still-air oven systems, over the entire range of investigated pressures and column lengths (up to 60 cm), provided k′ and Kv0 are evaluated at the maximal pressure. For the forced-air oven which leads to worse performances than the still-air oven, the kinetic plot prediction is less accurate, partly because the thermal conditions (near-isothermal) tend to vary if the number of coupled columns increases. The fact that the thermal conditions of the column wall might vary with the column length is an additional complexity making very-high pressure separations less predictable and harder to interpret and model. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Adiabatic conditions; Isothermal conditions; Kinetic plot method; Ultra high pressure; Validation	Adiabatic conditions; Isothermal conditions; Kinetic plot method; Ultra high pressure; Validation; Benzene; High pressure liquid chromatography; Ketones; Ovens; Stoves; Time series; Particle size analysis; acetophenone; benzene; accuracy; article; hyperbarism; performance measurement system; prediction; priority journal; temperature; validity; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Kinetics; Pressure; Temperature	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84895090193	Feeding value of different levels of malt sprout and katikala atella on nutrient utilization and growth performance of sheep fed basal diet of Rhodes grass hay	Nurfeta A., Abdu Y.	2014	Tropical Animal Health and Production	46	3	10.1007/s11250-013-0527-8	School of Animal and Range Sciences, College of Agriculture, Hawassa University, P.O. Box 222, Hawassa, Ethiopia; Department of Animal and Range Sciences, School of Agriculture, Adama University, P.O. Box 193, Asella, Ethiopia	Nurfeta, A., School of Animal and Range Sciences, College of Agriculture, Hawassa University, P.O. Box 222, Hawassa, Ethiopia; Abdu, Y., Department of Animal and Range Sciences, School of Agriculture, Adama University, P.O. Box 193, Asella, Ethiopia	Nonconventional agro-industrial by-products such as traditional liquor residues (locally called katikala atella) are widely used by livestock farmers in Ethiopia. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the supplementary value of katikala atella and malt sprout (MS) on performance of sheep fed a basal diet of Rhodes grass hay. Thirty intact yearling male sheep with an average initial body weight of 17.4 ± 0.74 kg (mean ± SD) were assigned to the treatments in a completely randomized block design: atella alone (T1), 75 % atella + 25 % malt sprout (MS) (T2), 50 % atella + 50 % MS (T3), 25 % atella + 75 % MS (T4), MS alone (T5), and Rhodes grass hay alone (T6). Grass hay was fed ad libitum to all treatments. The total dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) intakes of sheep fed T4, T5, and T3 diets were the highest (P < 0.05), while sheep receiving T6 had the lowest DM intake. The highest (P < 0.05) total crude protein (CP) intake was for sheep fed T5 diet, while the lowest was for those fed T6 diet. Sheep receiving T3 diet had higher (P < 0.05) DM, OM, CP, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) digestibility as compared with those fed T1, T2, and T6 diets. Sheep supplemented with 50-100 % malt sprout had similar (P > 0.05) DM, OM, CP, NDF, and ADF digestibility. The highest (P < 0.05) average daily gain was for sheep fed T3, T4, and T5 diets, while sheep in T6 lost body weight. Sheep fed T5 diet had the highest (P < 0.05) nitrogen retention, while those fed T6 diet had the lowest. The study has shown that a mixture diet consisting of equal parts of katikala atella and malt sprout (T3) are found to be superior in most of the required nutrient characteristics. © 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Adilo sheep; Atella; Grass hay; Malt sprout	animal; animal disease; animal food; article; body weight; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; diet; diet supplementation; dietary fiber; digestion; Ethiopia; food industry; growth, development and aging; industrial waste; male; metabolism; nutritional value; physiology; randomized controlled trial; sheep; standard; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Body Weight; Diet; Dietary Fiber; Dietary Supplements; Digestion; Ethiopia; Food Industry; Industrial Waste; Male; Nutritive Value; Sheep	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84863193070	Biochemical and histological impact of Vernonia amygdalina supplemented diet in obese rats	Atangwho I.J., Edet E.E., Uti D.E., Obi A.U., Asmawi M.Z., Ahmad M.	2012	Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences	19	3	10.1016/j.sjbs.2012.05.003	Department of Biochemistry, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, P.M.B. 1115, Calabar, Nigeria; Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine, Imo State University, P.M.B. 2000, Owerri, Nigeria; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Univers	Atangwho, I.J., Department of Biochemistry, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, P.M.B. 1115, Calabar, Nigeria, Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine, Imo State University, P.M.B. 2000, Owerri, Nigeria; Edet, E.E., Department of Biochemistry, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, P.M.B. 1115, Calabar, Nigeria; Uti, D.E., Department of Biochemistry, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, P.M.B. 1115, Calabar, Nigeria; Obi, A.U., Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine, Imo State University, P.M.B. 2000, Owerri, Nigeria; Asmawi, M.Z., School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia; Ahmad, M., School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia	This study was carried out to evaluate the anti-obesity effect of Vernonia amygdalina Del. (VA) supplemented diet. VA leaf powder was fed at 5% and 15% to diet-induced obese rats for 4. weeks and its effect compared with orlistat (5.14. mg/kg p.o.), an anti-obesity drug. Food intake, body and organ weights, total body fat, some lipid components and amino transaminase activities in serum, hepatocytes and brain; as well as serum glucose, were measured during or at end of the study. Result showed respective decrease of 12.78% and 38.51% in body weight gain, of VA fed rats against 17.45% of orlistat at end of study (P< 0.05); but with no effect on food intake. Total body fat was lowered by 28.04% and 30.02% vs. obese control rats (CDC) (P< 0.05). Furthermore, serum triacylglycerol (TG), serum and brain total cholesterol (TCHOL), were down regulated at 15% VA supplementation (P< 0.05). Serum glucose which increased in obese rats by 46.26% (P< 0.05) vs. NC, indicating intolerance, was restored by VA (38.75% and 34.65%) and orlistat (31.80%) vs. CDC (P< 0.05). VA diet also exerted hepato-protection, via lowering serum alanine amino transaminase (ALT) (41.35% and 27.13%) and aspartate amino transaminase (AST) (17.09% and 43.21%) activities (P< 0.05). Orlistat had no effect on these enzymes. Histology of adipose tissue corroborated the changes on total body fat. We concluded that, diet supplemented with VA can attenuate dietary obesity as well as ameliorates the potential risks of hepato-toxicity and glucose intolerance associated with obesity. © 2012 King Saud University.	Adipose tissue; Diet-induced obesity; Glucose intolerance; Histology; Lipid profile; Total body fat; Vernonia amygdalina Del.	Gymnanthemum amygdalinum; Rattus; Vernonia amygdalina	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84875651218	Evaluation of adjuvants for enhanced management of Podosphaera xanthii using potassium silicate and biocontrol agents	Tesfagiorgis H.B., Annegarn H.J.	2013	Crop Protection	48	None	10.1016/j.cropro.2013.03.002	Department of Geography Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 425, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa; University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa	Tesfagiorgis, H.B., Department of Geography Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 425, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Annegarn, H.J., Department of Geography Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 425, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa	Three adjuvants [polyether-polymethylsiloxane-copolymer (Break-Thru®), alkoxylated fatty alkylamine polymer/ethoxylated sorbitane ester (Partner 650®) and polyoxyethylene 20 sorbitan monooleate (Tween-80®)] were compared for their ability to improve the efficacy of potassium silicate and biocontrol agents (BCAs) against powdery mildew of zucchini caused by Podosphaera xanthii (Castagne) U. Braun &amp; Shishkoff. The most effective adjuvant was investigated for its direct impact on the pathogen and deposition of BCAs using electron microscopy and its compatibility with the BCAs and zucchini plant was evaluated to establish an integrated management of powdery mildew. Furthermore, effects of Si spray in accumulation of Si and K in the leaves were measured. Break-Thru® and Partner 650® improved the efficacy of silicate by 18-35%. The best adjuvant, Break-Thru®, caused a collapse and degeneration of the conidia and hyphae of the pathogen, restricted growth and spread of the powdery mildew colonies by binding its propagative structures, and improved deposition of BCAs on the leaf surface and the fungus. Break-Thru® was compatible with the plant and the BCAs at concentrations &lt;0.4 ml l-1, and can be used with selected BCAs and SiO2 for an integrated management of powdery mildew. SiO2 applied as a foliar spray increased the level of Si in zucchini leaves, which may contribute to systemic resistance of the plant against the disease. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.	Adjuvant; Biocontrol agents; Podosphaera xanthii; Potassium silicate; Powdery mildew; Zucchini	biocontrol agent; deposition; disease control; electron microscopy; fungus; growth rate; integrated approach; pathogen; plant community; Cucurbita pepo var. melopepo; Erysiphales; Fungi; Podosphaera xanthii	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-44649186822	Evaluation of different adjuvants for foot-and-mouth disease vaccine containing all the SAT serotypes	Cloete M., Dungu B., Van Staden L.I., Ismail-Cassim N., Vosloo W.	2008	Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research	75	1	None	Transboundary Animal Diseases Programme, Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Onderstepoort Biological Products, Private Bag X07, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0110, South Africa	Cloete, M., Transboundary Animal Diseases Programme, Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Dungu, B., Transboundary Animal Diseases Programme, Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa, Onderstepoort Biological Products, Private Bag X07, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Van Staden, L.I., Transboundary Animal Diseases Programme, Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Ismail-Cassim, N., Transboundary Animal Diseases Programme, Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Vosloo, W., Transboundary Animal Diseases Programme, Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa, Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0110, South Africa	Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an economically important disease of cloven-hoofed animals that is primarily controlled by vaccination of susceptible animals and movement restrictions for animals and animal-derived products in South Africa. Vaccination using aluminium hydroxide gel-saponin (AS) adjuvanted vaccines containing the South African Territories (SAT) serotypes has been shown to be effective both in ensuring that disease does not spread from the endemic to the free zone and in controlling outbreaks in the free zone. Various vaccine formulations containing antigens derived from the SAT serotypes were tested in cattle that were challenged 1 year later. Both the AS and ISA 206B vaccines adjuvanted with saponin protected cattle against virulent virus challenge. The oil-based ISA 206B-adjuvanted vaccine with and without stimulators was evaluated in a field trial and both elicited antibody responses that lasted for 1 year. Furthermore, the ISA 206 adjuvanted FMD vaccine protected groups of cattle against homologous virus challenge at very low payloads, while pigs vaccinated with an emergency ISA 206B-based FMD vaccine containing the SAT 1 vaccine strains were protected against the heterologous SAT 1 outbreak strain.	Adjuvant; Cattle; Control strategies; Foot-and-mouth disease; Pigs; South Africa; Vaccines	aluminum hydroxide; immunological adjuvant; oil; saponin; virus antibody; virus vaccine; animal; animal disease; article; blood; cattle; cattle disease; foot and mouth disease; Foot and mouth disease virus; immunology; safety; serotyping; sheep; sheep disease; South Africa; swine; swine disease; vaccination; Adjuvants, Immunologic; Aluminum Hydroxide; Animals; Antibodies, Viral; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Foot-and-Mouth Disease; Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus; Oils; Safety; Saponins; Serotyping; Sheep; Sheep Diseases; South Africa; Swine; Swine Diseases; Vaccination; Viral Vaccines; Animalia; Bos; Suidae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960981190	Evaluation of the LTK63 adjuvant effect on cellular immune responses to measles virus nucleoprotein	Erume J., Partidos C.D.	2011	African Health Sciences	11	2	None	Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Microbiology, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Pathology and Infectious diseases, The Royal Veterinary College, London NW1, United Kingdom	Erume, J., Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Microbiology, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Partidos, C.D., Department of Pathology and Infectious diseases, The Royal Veterinary College, London NW1, United Kingdom	Background: A lot of pathogens enter the body via the nasal route. The construction of non-toxic mutants of heat labile Escherichia coli enterotoxin (LT), which is a potent mucosal adjuvant, represents a major breakthrough for the development of mucosal vaccines. Objective: This study was undertaken to critically evaluate the adjuvanticity of the mutant of LT (LTK63) on the cellular immune responses to intranasally co-administered recombinant measles virus nucleoprotein (rMVNP). Methods: Groups of CBA mice were immunized intranasally with rMVNP with or without LT or LTK63 as adjuvants. Another group was immunized subcutaneously with rMVNP in Freund's adjuvant. rMVNP and measles virus (MV) were used in a proliferation assay to test the LTK63 potentiating ability to induce T cell responses. Subsequently MVNP synthetic peptides spanning the length of the N protein were used with a proliferation assay to identify the T cell epitopes. Results: Splenocytes from mice immunized intranasally with rMVNP plus LT or LTK63, showed strong dose dependent proliferative responses to both the MVNP and MV. However, proliferative responses from the latter group were significantly lower than the former group (P < 0.05). Splenocytes tested recognized peptides 20, 21, 28, 31, 39, 40 and 50, suggesting these to be among important epitopes. Subcutaneous route was not effective in priming for T cell responses to rMVNP. Conclusion: These data further demonstrate the great potential of LTK63 as a safe mucosal vaccine adjuvant.	Adjuvant; Cellular; Evaluation; Immunity; LTK63; Mice	epitope; Escherichia coli enterotoxin; Freund adjuvant; immunological adjuvant; ltk 63; mutant protein; recombinant measles virus nucleoprotein; unclassified drug; virus nucleoprotein; animal cell; animal experiment; antigen recognition; article; cellular immunity; controlled study; dose response; female; lymphocyte proliferation; measles; Measles virus; nonhuman; spleen cell; T lymphocyte; Adjuvants, Immunologic; Administration, Intranasal; Animals; Bacterial Toxins; Cell Proliferation; Enterotoxins; Epitopes; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Proteins; Female; Immunity, Cellular; Immunity, Mucosal; Measles virus; Mice; Mice, Inbred CBA; Nucleoproteins; Spleen; Vaccines; Viral Proteins	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84858136674	Formulation and evaluation of niosomes	Okore V.C., Attama A.A., Ofokansi K.C., Esimone C.O., Onuigbo E.B.	2011	Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences	73	3	10.4103/0250-474X.93515	Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State 410001, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria	Okore, V.C., Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State 410001, Nigeria; Attama, A.A., Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State 410001, Nigeria; Ofokansi, K.C., Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State 410001, Nigeria; Esimone, C.O., Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria; Onuigbo, E.B., Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State 410001, Nigeria	Span 20-based niosome was prepared by lipid film hydration technique and loaded with Newcastle disease vaccine. Three batches with Span 20, cholesterol and dicetyl phosphate in micro molar ratios of 10:10:1; 15:15:1 and 20:20:1 were prepared and evaluated for encapsulation efficiency using haemagglutination test. The morphology of the vesicles was studied by means of transmission electron microscopy. Particle size, zeta potential and polydispersity index were determined by photon correlation spectroscopy using a nanosizer. Adjuvanticity was assessed using haemagglutination inhibition test. The vesicles of Span 20-based niosomes were distinct, near spherical large unilamellar vesicles. The vesicles were of varied sizes (<1000 nm) with the entrapped Newcastle disease vaccine in the core of the vaccine. The zeta potential had a peak at-50 mV. The polydispersity index was 0.68. Haemagglutination inhibition test showed a 71% increment in immune response over that of the marketed La Sota® vaccine which had a 60% increment in immune response. The niosomal vaccine did not alter but rather enhanced the immunogenicity of the Newcastle disease vaccine.	Adjuvanticity; multilamellar vesicles; niosome; span 20; vesicle diameter	cholesterol; dicetyl phosphate; Newcastle disease vaccine; niosome; sorbitan laurate; animal experiment; article; chicken; controlled study; drug determination; drug formulation; encapsulation; hemagglutination inhibition test; hemagglutination test; immunogenicity; lipid membrane; nonhuman; particle size; photon correlation spectroscopy; transmission electron microscopy; zeta potential	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78649725936	Evaluation of a recombinant rift valley fever virus subunit nucleocapsid protein as an immunogen in mice and sheep	van Vuren P.J., Tiemessen C.T., Paweska J.T.	2010	Open Vaccine Journal	3	1	10.2174/1875035401003010114	Special Pathogens Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Private Bag X4, Sandringham 2131, South Africa; Division Virology and Communicable Diseases Surveillance, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Cell Biology/AIDS Virus Research Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Private Bag X4, Sandringham 2131, South Africa	van Vuren, P.J., Special Pathogens Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Private Bag X4, Sandringham 2131, South Africa, Division Virology and Communicable Diseases Surveillance, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Tiemessen, C.T., Division Virology and Communicable Diseases Surveillance, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Cell Biology/AIDS Virus Research Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Private Bag X4, Sandringham 2131, South Africa; Paweska, J.T., Special Pathogens Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Private Bag X4, Sandringham 2131, South Africa, Division Virology and Communicable Diseases Surveillance, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	The possible role of the most abundant structural protein of Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), the nucleocapsid protein (NP), in inducing protective immune responses has only been evaluated preliminarily in mice but not in any natural host species. In this study we demonstrate that a soluble recombinant RVFV subunit NP in combination with adjuvants (ISA50, Alhydrogel, TiterMax Gold or SaponinQ) is highly immunogenic in mice and sheep but the level of clinical protection and virus replication in mice after lethal challenge was dependent on the adjuvant used. Immunization with NP in combination with Alhydrogel conferred 100% protection against morbidity, mortality and viral replication in mice, but sterilizing immunity could not be achieved in sheep with any NP/adjuvant combinations used. Although this is the first study showing that sterilizing immunity can be elicited in mice immunized with a RVFV subunit nucleocapsid protein, our findings seem to suggest that mice might not be the best animal model for studying the protective ability of RVF subunit vaccines. The results of our study also emphasize the importance of adjuvant selection when evaluating subunit RVF vaccines. © 2010 Bentham Open.	Adjuvants; Immunization; Mice; Nucleocapsid; Rift valley fever virus; Sheep	aluminum hydroxide; immunological adjuvant; isa 50; placebo; recombinant protein; recombinant Rift Valley fever virus subunit nucleocapsid protein; saponin q; titermax gold; unclassified drug; animal cell; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; article; controlled study; drug dose comparison; drug efficacy; drug megadose; female; immune response; immunogenicity; low drug dose; morbidity; mortality; mouse; nonhuman; passive immunization; priority journal; protection; Rift Valley fever; sheep; survival rate; Vero cell; virus load; virus neutralization; virus replication	None
None	None	Impact of the pharmaceutical sciences on health care: A reflection over the past 50 years	Rowland M., Noe C.R., Smith D.A., Tucker G.T., Crommelin D.J.A., Peck C.C., Rocci Jr. M.L., Besançon L., Shah V.P.	2012	Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences	101	11	10.1002/jps.23295	School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco CA 94143, United States; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria; Department of Chemistry, University of Capetown, Capetown, South Africa; Department of Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Clinical Pharmacology, University of Sheffield, The Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield S10 2JF, United Kingdom; Simcyp Ltd, Blades Enterprise Centre, John St, Sheffield S24SU, United Kingdom; UIPS, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands; ICON Development Solutions, Ellicott City, MD 21043, United States; International Pharmaceutical Federation, Andries Bickerweg 52517 JP, The Hauge, Netherlands	Rowland, M., School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom, Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco CA 94143, United States; Noe, C.R., Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria; Smith, D.A., Department of Chemistry, University of Capetown, Capetown, South Africa, Department of Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Tucker, G.T., Clinical Pharmacology, University of Sheffield, The Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield S10 2JF, United Kingdom, Simcyp Ltd, Blades Enterprise Centre, John St, Sheffield S24SU, United Kingdom; Crommelin, D.J.A., UIPS, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands; Peck, C.C., Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco CA 94143, United States; Rocci Jr., M.L., ICON Development Solutions, Ellicott City, MD 21043, United States; Besançon, L., International Pharmaceutical Federation, Andries Bickerweg 52517 JP, The Hauge, Netherlands; Shah, V.P., International Pharmaceutical Federation, Andries Bickerweg 52517 JP, The Hauge, Netherlands	During the last century, particularly the latter half, spectacular progress has been made in improving the health and longevity of people. The reasons are many, but the development of medicines has played a critical role. This report documents and reflects on the impressive contribution that those working in the pharmaceutical sciences have made to healthcare over the past 50 years. It is divided into six sections (drug discovery; absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion; pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics; drug formulation; drug regulation; and drug utilization), each describing key contributions that have been made in the progression of medicines, from conception to use. A common thread throughout is the application of translational science to the improvement of drug discovery, development, and therapeutic application. Each section has been coordinated by a leading scientist who was asked, after consulting widely with many colleagues across the globe, to identify "The five most influential ideas/concepts/developments introduced by 'pharmaceutical scientists' (in their field) over the past 50 years?" Although one cannot predict where the important breakthroughs will come in the future to meet the unmet medical needs, the evidence presented in this report should leave no doubt that those engaged in the pharmaceutical sciences will continue to make their contributions heavily felt. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.	ADME; Drug design; Drug formulation; Drug regulatory; Drug utilization; Pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics	drug metabolizing enzyme; generic drug; article; biochemistry; bioequivalence; biotechnology; drug absorption; drug bioavailability; drug design; drug development; drug disposition; drug distribution; drug excretion; drug formulation; drug metabolism; drug release; drug safety; drug utilization; health care; molecular biology; patient compliance; personalized medicine; pharmaceutics; pharmacodynamics; pharmacogenomics; pharmacokinetics; signal transduction; simulation; structure activity relation; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Drug Discovery; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Pharmacokinetics; Pharmacology	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84932169132	Evaluation of herbal medicines: Value addition to traditional medicines through metabolism, pharmacokinetic and safety studies	Thelingwani R., Masimirembwa C.	2014	Current Drug Metabolism	15	10	10.2174/1389200216666150206125727	Department of DMPK and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Drug Metabolism, Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalytical Chemistry Unit, African Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Cnr Rekai Tangwena and Josiah Tongogara, Harare, Zimbabwe	Thelingwani, R., Department of DMPK and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Drug Metabolism, Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalytical Chemistry Unit, African Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Cnr Rekai Tangwena and Josiah Tongogara, Harare, Zimbabwe; Masimirembwa, C., Department of DMPK and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Drug Metabolism, Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalytical Chemistry Unit, African Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Cnr Rekai Tangwena and Josiah Tongogara, Harare, Zimbabwe	The safety and efficacy of herbal medicines remain major issues of concern especially in the developing world where the use is high. The World Health Organisation estimates up to 80% of the population in Africa relies on herbal medicines for treatment of many diseases. Minimum safety evaluations need to be done for both the herbal and conventional drugs, in particular when there is a high likelihood of co-administration. This is particularly important in Africa where there is increased access to antiretrovirals in the treatment of HIV/AIDS, which are being used in a population background characterized by rampant use of herbal medicines. Many techniques used in the discovery and evaluation of conventional drugs can be adapted to herbal medicines. Such evaluations will add value to herbal medicines as doctors and patients will be better informed on which drugs and herbal medicines to take or not take together. This can also lead to the adoption of guidelines by regulatory agents such as the European Medicines Agency (EMA), Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and governmental agencies controlling the use of medicines. Of current interest is the evaluation of drug-herb interactions (DHI) involving the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) of medicines where there is a promising possibility to adopt the current FDA and EMA guidelines on the evaluation of herbal medicines for drug-drug interactions (DDI). In this review we demonstrate progress made so far in DHI and point to possible future developments that will contribute to the safe use of herbal medicines. © 2014 Bentham Science Publishers.	ADME; Herbal medicines; Pharmacokinetics; Value addition	antiretrovirus agent; herbaceous agent; plant medicinal product; acquired immune deficiency syndrome; Africa; Article; drug absorption; drug distribution; drug excretion; drug metabolism; drug safety; food and drug administration; health care access; herb drug interaction; herbal medicine; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; nonhuman; traditional medicine; world health organization; animal; drug development; herb drug interaction; medicinal plant; phytotherapy; risk assessment; Animals; Drug Discovery; Herb-Drug Interactions; Humans; Medicine, Traditional; Phytotherapy; Plant Preparations; Plants, Medicinal; Risk Assessment	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-45849123168	Safety evaluation of prolonged administration of stresroak® in grower Cockerels	Oyagbemi A.A., Saba A.B., Arowolo R.O.A.	2008	International Journal of Poultry Science	7	6	10.3923/ijps.2008.574.578	Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Oyagbemi, A.A., Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Saba, A.B., Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Arowolo, R.O.A., Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Stresroak® is a herbal preparation from combination of Phyllatus emblica, Ocimum sanctum, Withania, somnifera, Mangefira indica and Shilajit species. The Ayurvedic drug is used as anti-stress, immunomodulator, adaptogen and performance enhancer in poultry management. with outstanding results. The toxicological effects of prolonged administration of Stresroak in grower Cockerels was evaluated using haematological parameters and serum biochemical assay. Sixty growing Cockerels were used in this study. The birds were randomly but equally divided into 5 groups. Birds in groups A, B, C and D were administered with 109.8mg 292.8mg, 585.6mg and 951.6mg of the drug dissolved in 2 litres of distilled water, daily for 60 days respectively. While the dose of group A was recommended by the drug manufacturer, the birds in group E were administered with 0.9% Physiological saline. The haematological parameters analyzed were total red blood cell (RBC) count, total white blood cell (WBC) count, haemoglobin concentration (Hb), platelets count and heterophil/ lymphocytes ratio. Plasma enzymes and proteins analyzed were total proteins (T.P), albumin (ALB), globulin (GLO), fibrinogen (FIB), total bilirubin (T.Bil), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT). Stresroak generally improved haematological parameters in chicken administered with the drug when compared with the chicken in the control group. The significant (P<0.05) increase in total RBC and WBC counts and MCH both at 30 and 60 days post-administration especially for the therapeutic dose, show that Stresroak® probably enhances erythropoiesis. Lower heterophil/lymphocyte ratio was observed for the groups that received the highest doses of Stresroak® and this was consistent throughout the course of the experiment, which implies that the herbal preparation improved the immunity of the chicken. The plasma levels of total protein, globulin, albumin and fibrinogen increased dose-dependently both at 30 and 60 days post- Stresroak® administration. The plasma levels of ALP and AST were significantly lowered while non-significant changes were observed for plasma levels of ALT and GGT at 30 days post- Stresroak® administration. Conversely, by 60 days post-Stresroak® administration, the plasma levels of ALT and GGT were significantly (P<0.05) elevated except in cockerels in group A that received the recommended therapeutic dosage; where the plasma levels was observed to be lower for ALP (P<0.05) and AST (P>0.05). Histopathological findings did not however reveal any damage to the liver or kidney. It was concluded that Stresroak® exhibits haematinic, hepato-protective and immune stimulation properties and is safest at its recommended therapeutic dose as it was found to have potential tendency to cause hepatic injury when administered for longer period and at higher dosages. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2008.	Administration; Evaluation and cockerels; Safety; Stresroak	Aves; Emblica; Ocimum; Ocimum tenuiflorum; Withania somnifera	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-68649084455	The impact of constitutional principles on the administration of justice in United Kingdom	Fabunmi M., Araromi M.	2009	European Journal of Scientific Research	33	1	None	Department of Educational Management, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Faculty of Law, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Fabunmi, M., Department of Educational Management, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Araromi, M., Faculty of Law, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	This study entails an analysis of the impact of the constitutional principles of parliamentary sovereignty, rule of law and separation of powers on administration of justice in the United Kingdom, a country which is noted for judicial impartiality in the administration of justice. The Dicey's rules of parliamentary sovereignty, rule of law and the separation of powers served as the basis for analysis. He was a professor of law at Oxford University. References were made to other relevant theories, statutes and cases. Parliamentary sovereignty deals with the relationship between the Parliament and the law. The rule of law is concerned with the relationship between the government and the law. It was argued that there should be separation of the legislative and executive (which then included the judiciary) functions of government. Later theorists argued for an independent judiciary. The application of the doctrines often creates tension, which is often resolved. It was concluded that the operation of the constitutional principles of the sovereignty of Parliament, the rule of law and separation of powers has positive impact on the administration of justice in United Kingdom. © EuroJournals Publishing, Inc. 2009.	Administration of justice; Constitutional principles; Parliamentary sovereignty; Rule of law; Separation of powers	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84887087518	Performance Appraisal or Praising Performance? The Culture of Rhetoric in Performance Management in Ghana Civil Service	Bawole J.N., Hossain F., Domfeh K.A., Bukari H.Z., Sanyare F.	2013	International Journal of Public Administration	36	13	10.1080/01900692.2013.773030	Department of Public Administration, University of Ghana Business School, Accra, Ghana; Institute for Development Policy and Management, School of Environment and Development, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Social, Political and Historical Studies, University for Development Studies, Wa, Ghana	Bawole, J.N., Department of Public Administration, University of Ghana Business School, Accra, Ghana; Hossain, F., Institute for Development Policy and Management, School of Environment and Development, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Domfeh, K.A., Department of Public Administration, University of Ghana Business School, Accra, Ghana; Bukari, H.Z., Institute for Development Policy and Management, School of Environment and Development, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Sanyare, F., Department of Social, Political and Historical Studies, University for Development Studies, Wa, Ghana	This article examines the practice of performance appraisal as a critical element of administrative culture in the Ghana Civil Service (CS). It relies on three focus group discussions with senior civil servants to analyze the practice and its implications for performance of civil servants in Ghana. The article argues that: leadership seldom gives the needed attention to this administrative practice; the process lacks objectivity; it is fraught with superstition, spirituality, and fear; appraisers are rarely trained; and civil servants only become more interested in performance appraisals (PAs) during promotion-related interviews. The article therefore concludes that this process has become rhetoric rather than an important practice and that performance only gets praised rather than being appraised. The article recommends an overhaul of the PA system by integrating it into a holistic performance management program; integrating PA training into civil service mandatory training programs; and the revision and computerization of the PA system. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.	administrative culture; Ghana Civil Service; performance appraisal; performance management; rhetoric	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84859123358	The impact of culture on performance appraisal reforms in Africa: The case of Uganda's civil service	Karyeija G.K.	2012	Asian Social Science	8	4	10.5539/ass.v8n4p159	Public Administration Higher Degrees Department, Uganda Management Institute, P. O. Box 20131, Kampala, Uganda	Karyeija, G.K., Public Administration Higher Degrees Department, Uganda Management Institute, P. O. Box 20131, Kampala, Uganda	This article explores the impact of administrative culture on performance appraisal reforms in Uganda's civil service. Data gathered from 147 questionnaires, 29 interviews and various documents indicates that administrative culture sabotages the actual conduct of performance appraisals and undermines its institutionalization. The study supports the use of power distance and uncertainty avoidance. The additional dimensions of political (neutrality) biasness and ethnicity are a highly relevant addition to the literature on administrative culture and its linkage to instruments of management. Thus, for the successful introduction of performance appraisals, culture matters because the performance appraisal is imposed from abroad and requires a compatible host administrative culture in order to take root. In this case, the host administrative culture was not compatible in many respects with the values underlying the appraisal reforms. Although the Ugandan government introduced appraisal reforms, incompatibility between the values embedded in the appraisal and the host administrative culture watered down the reform.	Administrative culture; Performance appraisal; Reforms; Uganda; Values	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-38049184766	Evaluation of Alvarado score as an admission criterion in patients with suspected diagnosis of acute appendicitis	Tade A.O.	2007	West African Journal of Medicine	26	3	None	Department of Surgery, Olabisi Onabanjo, University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria; P.O. Box 1303, Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria	Tade, A.O., Department of Surgery, Olabisi Onabanjo, University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria, P.O. Box 1303, Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria	Background: Patients with right iliac fossa pain present a diagnostic challenge to emergency room doctors when equivocal signs are present. Objective: To evaluate Alvarado score as an admission criterion in patients with suspected diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Methods: This was a prospective study of 100 consecutive patients who presented to the an emergency department with right iliac fossa pain and suspected diagnosis of acute appendicitis between January 2004 and December 2004. They were assessed using Alvarado score. Main outcome measures in relation to these scores were, patient's admission, patient's discharge, and whether patient had appendicitis or not. Results: The range of scores was 1-10. Seventy-four patients were admitted while 26 were discharged. Thirty-four patients with confirmed diagnosis of acute appendicitis had scores ranging from 5-10. No patient with score less than 5 had appendicitis. The sensitivity and negative predictive value reached 100% at scores below five, while specificity and positive predictive value reached 100% at the score of 10. Conclusion: The Alvarado score can be used as an objective criterion in selecting for admission patients with suspected diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Patients with scores of 4and below do not require admission since they turn out not to have acute appendicitis.	Admission criterion; Alvarado score; Appendicitis; Diagnosis	abdominal pain; acute appendicitis; adult; Alvarado score; article; clinical trial; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; correlation analysis; diagnostic accuracy; emergency ward; female; hospital admission; hospital discharge; human; major clinical study; male; outcome assessment; practice guideline; prediction; prospective study; scoring system; sensitivity and specificity; symptom; validation study; Abdomen, Acute; Adult; Appendicitis; Diagnosis, Differential; Emergency Service, Hospital; Female; Health Status Indicators; Humans; Male; Pelvic Pain; Prospective Studies; Severity of Illness Index	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939442407	Impact of mathematics and physical science on the success of South African engineering technology students	Wyk B.V., Hofman W., Louw I.	2015	International Journal of Engineering Education	31	4	None	Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa; Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Education Innovation, University of Pretoria, South Africa	Wyk, B.V., Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa; Hofman, W., Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Louw, I., Department of Education Innovation, University of Pretoria, South Africa	The general conclusion arrived at in the literature is that the South African National Senior Certificate (NSC) is not a reliable predictor of academic success at traditional universities. By sharing research undertaken at a South African University of Technology (UoT) on the impact of individual cognitive factors and NSCresults on study success, this paper shows that this conclusion is not necessarily true for South African UoT Engineering students. To assess this impact and determine the readiness of students for UoT Engineering curricula, the relationship between pre-university academic factors and the success of engineering students was investigated. An ex post facto study was carried out on a sample of 416 students drawn from first-time-entering National Diploma engineering student cohorts of 2009 and 2010 to determine a possible correlation between their NSC results, additional pre-admission test results and the number of subjects passed after one year and four years of study, respectively. The findings indicated thatNSC Mathematics and Physical Science are statistically the most significant predictors of success in the first year. Despite the pre-admission tests used in this study not revealing significantly more about a student's potential than only the final NSC results, the conclusion reached by the researchers was that such tests might be useful when student application data is unreliable, i.e. when students apply with Grade 11 or interim Grade 12 results. © 2015 TEMPUS Publications.	Admission testing; Cognitive factors; Engineering curricula; First-year success; National Senior Certificate; Student dropout	Curricula; Education; Professional aspects; Students; Application data; Cognitive factors; Engineering curriculum; Engineering technology students; First year; National Senior Certificate; Physical science; Traditional universities; Engineering education	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84949514438	The impact of urbanization on pattern of physical development in emerging urban fringes of Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria	Olugbenga T.D., Ifesanya K.	2015	Jurnal Teknologi	77	14	10.11113/jt.v77.64520	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia UTM, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Department of Architectural Technology, School of Enviromental Studies, Federal Polytechnic Ado-EkitiEkiti State, Nigeria	Olugbenga, T.D., Universiti Teknologi Malaysia UTM, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Ifesanya, K., Department of Architectural Technology, School of Enviromental Studies, Federal Polytechnic Ado-EkitiEkiti State, Nigeria	Urban fringe development has become a global concern in the last decade, especially as cities continue to expand phenomenally, particularly in the Global South. Urban fringe development is a complex process that involves activities such as change in land, ownership patterns, land transfer processes, regulatory measures and enforcement. This paper examines the pattern of urban fringe development in Ado-Ekiti in South-Western part of Nigeria, focusing on the character of the population, housing types and conditions, availability and quality of infrastructure and the effects on quality of life. Primary and secondary data were obtained for the study. The study revealed that most of the fringe areas in Ado Ekiti lack adequate basic socio-economic amenities such as schools, health centres, recreational facilities, etc., as well as infrastructural facilities like adequate road network, electricity and water supply, drainage and sewage disposal, etc. Statistical data analysis also revealed that the income level of the population has significant effect on urban fringe development. Some of the recommendations for improving the situation include enlightenment of the citizenry the introduction of physical planning education to schools, proper planning, monitoring and enforcement of physical development activities in the fringe areas by government. © 2015 Penerbit UTM Press. All rights reserved.	Ado-Ekiti; Environment; Urban fringe; Urbanisation	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70249138673	Impact of rubber effluent discharges on the water quality and macroinvertebrate community assemblages in a forest stream in the Niger Delta	Arimoro F.O.	2009	Chemosphere	77	3	10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.06.031	Institute for Water Research, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa	Arimoro, F.O., Institute for Water Research, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa	The ecological impact of rubber effluent on macroinvertebrate communities of the Adofi River, Niger Delta area of Nigeria were evaluated for a 6 month-period as part of a study to understand pollution processes in the river that may lead to improved regulation and policy development. Three sampling stations, each 25 m long were selected along 7 km stretch of the stream. Station 1, located upstream of the outfall from the rubber processing plant, station 2, immediately downstream of the effluent discharge point and station 3, 3 km downstream were sampled monthly. The rubber effluent impacted negatively on the sediment and water chemistry by elevating the levels of some heavy metals (Ni, Pb, and Zn), chemical parameters as biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), conductivity and the amount of nutrients at the discharged site. A combined total of 87 macroinvertebrate taxa were recorded from the three stations of the river. The abundance and community structure showed variation between the effluent impacted site and the reference sites as most sensitive macroinvertebrate taxa were completely missing from the effluent impacted site. The preponderance of oligochaetes and some dipteran taxa associated with low dissolved oxygen levels in the impacted site bears credence to the fact that the chemical components of the rubber effluent waste water were lethal to some aquatic forms. Based on canonical correspondence analysis results, conductivity, BOD, phosphate and nitrate were strongly associated with the impacted station. At station 3, a community similar to the upstream reference station was found. Results illustrate the need for careful consideration of the water quality and indicator organisms in restoration. Mitigation procedures suggested for the rubber effluent included, for example, the decolourization of the highly coloured effluent and biodegradation prior to discharge, were recommended. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Adofi River; Anthropogenic activities; Biotic integrity; Heavy metals; Nigeria; Rubber industry effluent	Adofi River; Anthropogenic activities; Biotic integrity; Canonical Correspondence Analysis; Chemical component; Chemical parameters; Community structures; Decolourization; Ecological impacts; Effluent discharge; Indicator organisms; Low dissolved oxygen; Macroinvertebrate community; Macroinvertebrates; Niger Delta; Nigeria; Policy development; Pollution process; Reference sites; Reference stations; Rubber processing; Sampling stations; Water chemistry; Biochemical oxygen demand; Biodegradation; Dissolution; Dissolved oxygen; Effluents; Heavy metals; Heavy water; River pollution; Rubber; Rubber industry; Sewage; Wastewater; Wastewater treatment; Water quality; Zinc; Rivers; lead; nickel; zinc; anthropogenic effect; anthropogenic source; biochemical oxygen demand; biodegradation; chemical oxygen demand; community structure; ecological impact; effluent; heavy metal; Index of Biotic Integrity; industrial waste; macroinvertebrate; pollution policy; river pollution; sediment pollution; streamwater; water quality; article; biochemical oxygen demand; chemical oxygen demand; community structure; ecotoxicology; effluent; environmental impact; macroinvertebrate; Niger; nonhuman; rubber industry; stream (river); water pollution; water quality; water sampling; Animals; Biodiversity; Biomass; Environmental Monitoring; Geologic Sediments; Industrial Waste; Invertebrates; Kinetics; Metals, Heavy; Nigeria; Oxygen; Rivers; Rubber; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Adofi River; Africa; Delta; Niger Delta; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Diptera; Oligochaeta (Metazoa)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-55549133586	Substance use and sexual risk prevention in Cape Town, South Africa: An evaluation of the HealthWise program	Smith E.A., Palen L.-A., Caldwell L.L., Flisher A.J., Graham J.W., Mathews C., Wegner L., Vergnani T.	2008	Prevention Science	9	4	10.1007/s11121-008-0103-z	Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States; University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa; S-109 Henderson Building, University Park, PA 16802, United States	Smith, E.A., Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States, S-109 Henderson Building, University Park, PA 16802, United States; Palen, L.-A., Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States; Caldwell, L.L., Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States; Flisher, A.J., University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Graham, J.W., Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States; Mathews, C., University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Wegner, L., University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa; Vergnani, T., University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa	Sexual behavior and substance use represent major threats to the health and well-being of South African adolescents, especially in light of the high prevalence of HIV infection in this population. However, there is currently a lack of evidence-based school programs designed to address health risk behaviors. The current study details the evaluation of HealthWise South Africa, a leisure, life skills, and sexuality education intervention for eighth and ninth grade students. We hypothesized that, compared to controls, HealthWise participants would have delayed sexual initiation, reduced rates of current sexual activity, increased use of and perceived access to condoms, and lower rates of lifetime and past use of multiple substances. Longitudinal data were analyzed using logistic regression of multiply imputed data. Results indicate that HealthWise was effective in increasing the perception of condom availability for both genders (OR=1.6). As compared to HealthWise participants, control participants also had steeper increases in recent and heavy use of alcohol (OR=1.4 [95% C.I.=1.1-1.8], 1.6 [1.2-2.2], respectively) and recent and heavy cigarette use (OR=1.4 [1.1-1.7], 1.4 [1.1-1.8], respectively). There were also several significant gender by treatment interactions, which are discussed. These results suggest that HealthWise is a promising approach to reducing multiple health risk behaviors among the population of school-going South African adolescents. © 2008 Society for Prevention Research.	Adolescence; Adolescent sexual behavior; Adolescent substance use; HIV prevention; Intervention; Sexual behavior; South Africa; Substance use	addiction; adolescent; article; child behavior; condom; evaluation; female; health promotion; human; male; school health service; social marketing; South Africa; unsafe sex; utilization review; Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Condoms; Female; Health Promotion; Humans; Male; School Health Services; Social Marketing; South Africa; Substance-Related Disorders; Unsafe Sex	None
WoS	WOS:000287817800001	Parental control and monitoring of young people's sexual behaviour in rural North-Western Tanzania: Implications for sexual and reproductive health interventions	Fenwick, Angela,Stones, William,Urassa, Mark,Wamoyi, Joyce,Zaba, Basia	2011	BMC PUBLIC HEALTH	11	None	10.1186/1471-2458-11-106	Aga Khan University, University of London, University of Southampton, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine	"Fenwick, Angela: University of Southampton",	Background: Parenting through control and monitoring has been found to have an effect on young people's sexual behaviour. There is a dearth of literature from sub-Saharan Africa on this subject. This paper examines parental control and monitoring and the implications of this on young people's sexual decision making in a rural setting in North-Western Tanzania. Methods: This study employed an ethnographic research design. Data collection involved 17 focus group discussions and 46 in-depth interviews conducted with young people aged 14-24 years and parents/carers of young people within this age-group. Thematic analysis was conducted with the aid of NVIVO 7 software. Results: Parents were motivated to control and monitor their children's behaviour for reasons such as social respectability and protecting them from undesirable sexual and reproductive health (SRH) outcomes. Parental control and monitoring varied by family structure, gender, schooling status, a young person's contribution to the economic running of the family and previous experience of a SRH outcome such as unplanned pregnancy. Children from single parent families reported that they received less control compared to those from both parent families. While a father's presence in the family seemed important in controlling the activities of young people, a mother's did not have a similar effect. Girls especially those still schooling received more supervision compared to boys. Young women who had already had unplanned pregnancy were not supervised as closely as those who hadn't. Parents employed various techniques to control and monitor their children's sexual activities. Conclusions: Despite parents making efforts to control and monitor their young people's sexual behaviour, they are faced with several challenges (e. g. little time spent with their children) which make it difficult for them to effectively monitor them. There is a need for interventions such as parenting skills building that might enable parents to improve their relationships with children. This would equip parents with the appropriate skills for positive guidance and monitoring of their children and avoid inappropriate parenting behaviour. As much as parents focus their attention on their school going daughters, there is a need to also remember the out-of-school young people as they are also vulnerable to adverse SRH outcomes.	,ADOLESCENCE,AFRICAN-AMERICAN,DESIGN,FAMILY,HIV,MOTHERS,"RISK BEHAVIORS"	None	None
WoS	WOS:000235531800004	The social interaction of an adolescent who uses AAC: The evaluation of a peer-training program	Alant, E,Lilienfeld, M	2005	AUGMENTATIVE AND ALTERNATIVE COMMUNICATION	21	4	10.1080/07434610500103467	University of Pretoria	None	Challenges relating to social interactions of children who use AAC in school settings have been well documented. In this study, a peer-training program was designed and implemented with the Grade 8 peers of an adolescent who had severe physical disabilities and who used AAC. Interactions between the adolescent who used AAC and his classroom peers were investigated before and after implementation of the peer-training program, using a descriptive single case study. An analytical model to describe the interactions and potential changes in the interactions of adolescents who use AAC was developed. The model also included various measures to evaluate pertinent psychosocial factors of the interactions of a person using AAC with peers. Results of the observational data reflected an increase in the frequency of interactions as indicated by the number of messages per hour and the extent of the interactions as signified by an increase in the number of messages per interchange. Changes were also noted in terms of the discourse structures and communication functions achieved by the interactions, the modes of communication used by the adolescent who used AAC and the responses of his peer partners.	ADOLESCENCE,"Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC)","communication competence","communication partners","PEER TRAINING",SELF-CONCEPT,"SOCIAL INTERACTION","voice output",COMMUNICATION	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84901945863	The behavioral impact of foster care towards middle-aged children and adolescents on their families of origin: A case study in Alice Township	Pitso T., Maxhela N., Xhongo K., Vazi T.	2014	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	5	10 SPEC. ISSUE	10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n10p644	Department of Psychology, University of Fort Hare, P. Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; Department of Social Work, University of Fort Hare, P. Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa	Pitso, T., Department of Psychology, University of Fort Hare, P. Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; Maxhela, N., Department of Social Work, University of Fort Hare, P. Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; Xhongo, K., Department of Social Work, University of Fort Hare, P. Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; Vazi, T., Department of Social Work, University of Fort Hare, P. Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa	Provision of care for children who have been taken from their families can be viewed as being a potentially unconvincing and fragile process in our black communities. Since 1994 the South African Government has increasingly adopted a social agenda, channeling a significant amount of effort and resources towards identifying vulnerable groups in society, crafting legislation that would protect their interests and developing and implementing programmes and strategies to support them. The qualitative study assessed the behavioural impact of children in foster care and also behavioural impact towards their families of origin in Alice, Eastern Cape Province. The open-ended questionnaires were used to collect data from 30 participants, who gave a voluntary consent. The findings of the study are that today the vulnerabilities of children, the youth, and the disabled are still inextricably linked to harsh apartheid-era legislation aimed at subjugating black South Africans and are further exacerbated by systemic poverty and inequality which continuous to manifest itself along a racial divide. Recommendations made are that there should be immediate filling of vacant posts, induction of new social workers, and provision of adequate services to liaise foster cares with the families' origin of these children.	Adolescence; Behaviour; Care; Foster; Impact; Middle childhood	None	None
WoS	WOS:000295735200003	Can Peer Education Make a Difference? Evaluation of a South African Adolescent Peer Education Program to Promote Sexual and Reproductive Health	Flisher, Alan J.,Mason-Jones, Amanda J.,Mathews, Catherine	2011	AIDS AND BEHAVIOR	15	8	10.1007/s10461-011-0012-1	South African Medical Research Council, University of Cape Town	"Flisher, Alan J.: University of Cape Town",	Peer education is popular both with governments and with young people. The purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a government-led peer education program on the self-reported sexual health behavior and related psychosocial outcomes of adolescent students in public high schools in the Western Cape of South Africa. Grade 10 students (n = 3934), at 30 public high schools (15 intervention, 15 comparison) were recruited to the study. In the intervention schools, peer educators were recruited and trained to provide information and support to their fellow students. Sexual health behaviors and related psychosocial outcomes of students were measured at baseline and at follow up 18 months later. Comparisons were made between those in the intervention and comparison group schools. We were unable to detect a significant difference in the age of sexual debut, use of condoms at last sex, goal orientation, decision-making or future orientation for students in the intervention group as compared to students in the comparison group. The findings suggest that the peer education program was not effective in reducing the age of sexual debut or condom use. Issues around the implementation of the program suggested that this was sub-optimal. Governments who advocate widespread use of peer education as an approach need to recognise barriers to implementation and ensure ongoing monitoring and evaluation of effectiveness and cost effectiveness.	ADOLESCENT,Africa,HIV,"PEER EDUCATION",SCHOOL,COUNTRIES,GENDER,"HIV PREVENTION",INTERVENTIONS,SCHOOLS	None	None
WoS	WOS:000284164500001	Scaling up a school-based sexual and reproductive health intervention in rural Tanzania: a process evaluation describing the implementation realities for the teachers	Andrew, Bahati,Changalucha, John,Kimaryo, Micheal,Kishamawe, Coleman,Nyalali, Kija,Obasi, Angela,Remes, Pieter,Renju, Jenny	2010	HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH	25	6	10.1093/her/cyq041	University of Glasgow, University of Liverpool, MRC, Mwanza Ctr	"Obasi, Angela: University of Liverpool","Remes, Pieter: University of Glasgow","Renju, Jenny: University of Liverpool",	Little is known about the nature and mechanisms of factors that facilitate or inhibit the scale-up and subsequent implementation of school-based adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH) interventions. We present process evaluation findings examining the factors that affected the 10-fold scale-up of such an intervention, focussing on teachers' attitudes and experiences. Qualitative interviews and focus group discussions with teachers, head teachers, ward education coordinators and school committees from eight schools took place before, during and after intervention implementation. The results were triangulated with observations of training sessions and training questionnaires. The training was well implemented and led to some key improvements in teachers' ASRH knowledge, attitudes and perceived self-efficacy, with substantial improvements in knowledge about reproductive biology and attitudes towards confidentiality. The trained teachers were more likely to consider ASRH a priority in schools and less likely to link teaching ASRH to the early initiation of sex than non-trained teachers. Facilitating factors included teacher enjoyment, their recognition of training benefits, the participatory teaching techniques, support from local government as well as the structured nature of the intervention. Challenges included differential participation by male and female teachers, limited availability of materials and high turnover of trained teachers.	,ADOLESCENT,"AIDS EDUCATION-PROGRAM",BEHAVIORS,COMMUNITY-RANDOMIZED-TRIAL,DESIGN,HIV/AIDS,"HIV EDUCATION",MASAKA,PROMOTION,SOUTH-AFRICAN	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33744937350	Dietary and haematological evaluation of adolescent females in Nigeria	Ekpo A.J., Jimmy E.O.	2006	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	5	3	10.3923/pjn.2006.278.281	Department of Biochemistry, Faculty Basic Medical Sciences, University of Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria	Ekpo, A.J., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty Basic Medical Sciences, University of Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria; Jimmy, E.O., Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria	Four hundred and eighteen adolescent females aged 12-18 years from Akwa Ibom State were studied for the effect of dietary intake and haematological values on the nutrition of adolescents. The mean intake of energy and nutrients calculated were below FAO Standard with an exception of Vitamin C. Iron, folacin and calcium were most deficient in the diets of the adolescents. More than 50% of the adolescent females had acceptable values of plasma protein, albumin and globulin. The haematological and biochemical study revealed low level of anaemia of about 4% among the subjects investigated. The result of the analysis showed positive correlation between protein, vitamin C riboflavin, and albumin (r = 0.95, p<0.01 and r = 0.27; p<0.05). However, calcium intake correlated negatively with haemoglobin level (r=0.27; p<0.05). The findings of the study offer an insight into the nutritional status of the adolescent females in Akwa Ibom State as applied to Nigeria. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2006.	Adolescent; Anaemia; Calcium intake; Malnutrition	albumin; ascorbic acid; calcium; folic acid; globulin; hemoglobin; iron; protein; riboflavin; adolescent; adult; albumin blood level; anemia; article; ascorbic acid deficiency; blood analysis; calcium deficiency; calcium intake; calculation; caloric intake; child nutrition; controlled study; correlation analysis; dietary intake; female; folic acid deficiency; hemoglobin determination; human; iron deficiency; major clinical study; Nigeria; nutrient; nutritional assessment; nutritional health; nutritional status; protein blood level; school child	None
WoS	WOS:000259850000007	The negative impacts of adolescent sexuality problems among secondary school students in Oworonshoki Lagos	Ajayi, G.,Ashiru, O. A.,Izegbu, M. C.,Oguntola, J. A.,Shittu, L. A. J.,Zachariah, M. P.	2007	SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND ESSAYS	2	1	None	Lagos State Univ, Med Assisted Reprod Ctr MART	None	This study was conducted to focus on the negative health outcomes related to sexual behaviour in adolescents and young adults attending public school in the Oworonshoki region of Lagos, Nigeria, Africa. Since, there is a relative dearth of knowledge on adolescents who face unique and challenging economics, health and education problems in our society. Data on the socio-demographic characteristics, prevalence and knowledge towards STD including HIV/AIDS, prevalence of sexual abuse practice/sexual behaviour, family planning awareness and acceptance including abortion practice were sorted out using self structured questionnaires and administered to 60% of student's population using a stratified random sampling technique. 55.8% lived with both parents. While, 50.3% of the mothers had basic secondary school qualifications, 72.4% of them are traders. 61.5% had sex education were from misinformed friends/peers while 51% had no basic knowledge about sexual behavioral practice and attitude towards STDs/AIDS (HIV). STD has a prevalence of 34 and 41% of boys used condoms for preventing STI/HIV transmission and unwanted pregnancies. One out of every five sexually active teenagers has experienced forced sex, especially among the circumcised girls who were more sexually active than the uncircumcised girls. 60% of girls between ages of 12 and 18 years had more than one unsafe abortion with severe vaginal bleeding (haemorrhage) as the chief complication. However, 65% of the girls did abortion for fear of leaving school and financial hardship as the reasons.	ADOLESCENT,ATTITUDE,KNOWLEDGE,LAGOS,LEGISLATION,SEXUALITY,ABUSE	None	None
None	None	Impact of the MEMA Kwa Vijana adolescent sexual and reproductive health interventions on use of health services by young people in rural Mwanza, Tanzania: Results of a cluster randomized trial	Larke N., Cleophas-Mazige B., Plummer M.L., Obasi A.I.N., Rwakatare M., Todd J., Changalucha J., Weiss H.A., Hayes R.J., Ross D.A.	2010	Journal of Adolescent Health	47	5	10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.03.020	Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; African Medical and Research Foundation (AMREF), Mwanza, Tanzania; National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR), Mwanza Research Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania; Clinical Research Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM), Liverpool, United Kingdom	Larke, N., Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; Cleophas-Mazige, B., African Medical and Research Foundation (AMREF), Mwanza, Tanzania; Plummer, M.L., Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom, African Medical and Research Foundation (AMREF), Mwanza, Tanzania, National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR), Mwanza Research Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania; Obasi, A.I.N., Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom, African Medical and Research Foundation (AMREF), Mwanza, Tanzania, Clinical Research Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM), Liverpool, United Kingdom; Rwakatare, M., African Medical and Research Foundation (AMREF), Mwanza, Tanzania; Todd, J., Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom, African Medical and Research Foundation (AMREF), Mwanza, Tanzania, National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR), Mwanza Research Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania; Changalucha, J., National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR), Mwanza Research Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania; Weiss, H.A., Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; Hayes, R.J., Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; Ross, D.A., Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom, African Medical and Research Foundation (AMREF), Mwanza, Tanzania, National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR), Mwanza Research Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania	Purpose: To assess the impact of an adolescent sexual health intervention on the use of health services by young people in Tanzania. Methods: Twenty communities, including 39 health facilities, were randomly allocated to the intervention or comparison arm. Health workers from the intervention arm were trained in the provision of youth-friendly health services, as part of a package of interventions. Independent process evaluations were conducted in health facilities, and simulated patients visited clinics using sexual and reproductive health problem scenarios. The impact on health facility attendances were assessed in 1998 (baseline) and 1999-2001. Reported sexually transmitted infection (STI) symptoms and use of health services were evaluated in young people in the trial cohort. Results: The mean monthly attendance for STI symptoms per health facility, per month was .5 for young males and 1.0 for young females at baseline. Attendance by young males was greater in the intervention communities in 1999-2000 after adjustment for baseline differences (p = .005), and this difference increased over time (p-trend = .022). The mean difference in attendance was however relatively modest, at 1.1 per month in 2001 after adjustment for baseline (95% CI: .5, 1.7). There was weaker evidence of an intervention effect on attendance by young women (p = .087). Few condoms were distributed, although a greater number were distributed in intervention facilities (p = .008). Generally, intervention health workers tended to be less judgmental and provided more comprehensive information. Conclusions: Training staff to provide more youth-friendly health services can increase the utilization of health services for suspected STIs by young people, especially among young men. © 2010 Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. All rights reserved.	Adolescent; Community randomized trial; Reproductive health services; Sexually transmitted diseases	article; condom; health care facility; health care personnel; health service; human; medical practice; priority journal; reproductive health; rural population; sexual health; sexually transmitted disease; Tanzania; Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Adult; Female; Health Promotion; Humans; Male; Reproductive Health Services; Reproductive Medicine; Rural Population; Sexual Behavior; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Tanzania; Young Adult	None
WoS	WOS:000272533500003	The Impact of the African Youth Alliance Program on the Sexual Behavior of Young People in Uganda	Ali, Disha,Colvin, Charlotte E.,Karim, Ali Mehryar,Patykewich, Leslie,Posner, Jessica,Rutaremwa, Gideon,Williams, Timothy	2009	STUDIES IN FAMILY PLANNING	40	4	None	Makerere University, PATH	"Rutaremwa, Gideon: Makerere University",	This study evaluates the impact of the African Youth Alliance (AYA) program on the sexual behavior of young people aged 17-22 in Uganda. Between 2000 and 2005, the comprehensive multicomponent AYA program implemented behavior-change communication and youth-friendly clinical services, and it coordinated policy and advocacy. The program provided institutional capacity building and established coordination mechanisms between agencies that implemented programs for young people. The analysis of findings from both a self-reported exposure design and a static group comparison design indicated that AYA had a positive impact on sexual behavior among young females but not among young males. AYA-exposed girls were at least 13 percentage points more likely to report having used a condom at last sex, at least 10 percentage points more likely to report that they had consistently used condoms with their current partner, at least 10 percentage points more likely to have used contraceptives at last sex, and 13 percentage points more likely to have had fewer sex partners during the past 12 months, compared with girls who were not exposed to the AYA program. Scaling up the AYA program in Uganda could, therefore, be expected to improve significantly the sexual and reproductive health of young women. Effective strategies for promoting safer sexual behaviors among boys and young men must be identified, however.	,"ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT",CAUSAL,COMMUNICATION,"CONTRACEPTIVE USE","HIV-1 PREVALENCE",PROMOTION,"PROPENSITY SCORE","PROTECTIVE FACTORS","REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH-RISK",TANZANIA	None	None
WoS	WOS:000280743400005	EVALUATION OF A U.S. EVIDENCE-BASED PARENTING INTERVENTION IN RURAL WESTERN KENYA: FROM PARENTS MATTER! TO FAMILIES MATTER!	Buve, Anne,Marum, Elizabeth,Menten, Joris,Miller, Kim S.,Obong'o, Christopher O.,Ochura, Juliet,Otwoma, Nelson J.,Poulsen, Melissa N.,Vandenhoudt, Hilde,Wyckoff, Sarah C.	2010	AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION	22	4	None	Centers for Disease Control & Prevention - USA, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Inst Trop Med, Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr	None	We evaluated Families Matter! Program (FMP), an intervention designed to improve parent-child communication about sexual risk reduction and parenting skills. Parents of 10- to 12-year-olds were recruited in western Kenya. We aimed to assess community acceptability and FMP's effect on parenting practices and effective parent-child communication. Data were collected from parents and their children at baseline and 1 year postintervention. The intervention's effect was measured on six parenting and parent-child communication composite scores reported separately for parents and children. Of 375 parents, 351 (94%) attended all five intervention sessions. Parents' attitudes regarding sexuality education changed positively. Five of the six composite parenting scores reported by parents, and six of six reported by children, increased significantly at 1 year postintervention. Through careful adaptation of this U.S. intervention, FMP was well accepted in rural Kenya and enhanced parenting skills and parent-child sexuality communication. Parents are in a unique position to deliver primary prevention to youth before their sexual debut as shown in this Kenyan program.	,"ADOLESCENT DRUG-ABUSE",AFRICAN-AMERICAN,BEHAVIOR,COMMUNICATION,"CONDOM USE",EDUCATION,HIV,"PRIMARY PREVENTION",SEXUAL-RISK,TRIAL	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878132005	Evaluation of "Biruh Tesfa" (Bright Future) program for vulnerable girls in Ethiopia	Erulkar A., Ferede A., Girma W., Ambelu W.	2013	Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies	8	2	10.1080/17450128.2012.736645	Population Council's Ethiopia Office, P.O. Box 25562, Code 1000, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Erulkar, A., Population Council's Ethiopia Office, P.O. Box 25562, Code 1000, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Ferede, A., Population Council's Ethiopia Office, P.O. Box 25562, Code 1000, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Girma, W., Population Council's Ethiopia Office, P.O. Box 25562, Code 1000, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Ambelu, W., Population Council's Ethiopia Office, P.O. Box 25562, Code 1000, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Adolescent girls in sub-Saharan Africa are disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS compared to boys of the same age. Few programs on the continent have sought to address the social exclusion of most marginalized girls in the poorest communities, including child domestic workers and migrants, as well as their vulnerability to HIV. Moreover, few interventions have been rigorously evaluated. "Biruh Tesfa" (Bright Future) program is for poorest adolescent girls in urban Ethiopia and aims to build their social support and improve skills to prevent HIV infection. The project uses a combination of house-to-house recruitment, formation of girls' groups by female mentors, and education on HIV/AIDS, life skills, and basic literacy. A quasi-experimental research design involving pre- and post-intervention surveys in experimental and control areas was used to measure changes in social safety nets, HIV knowledge, and prevention capabilities. Descriptive and multivariate analyses were conducted. At endline, girls in the intervention sites were more than twice as likely to report social support (odds ratio (OR) = 2.0) compared to girls in the control site. They were also twice as likely (OR = 1.9) to score highly on HIV knowledge questions, to know where to obtain voluntary counseling and testing (OR = 2.0) and to want to be tested (OR = 1.9). "Biruh Tesfa" is one of a few rigorously evaluated support programs targeted at vulnerable girls in sub-Saharan Africa. The positive changes suggest that well-designed programs can reach and effectively support the most vulnerable girls in the poorest areas, such as child domestic workers and rural-urban migrants. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.	adolescent girls; domestic workers; Ethiopia; evaluation	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84945270040	Towards Breaking the Conspiracy of Silence in Reproductive Health Information Access Among In-School Adolescent Girls: Impact on Policy and Practice	Anasi S.N.	2015	Journal of Hospital Librarianship	15	4	10.1080/15323269.2015.1079691	Technical Processing Division, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria	Anasi, S.N., Technical Processing Division, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria	All young people have the right to access comprehensive sexual and reproductive health information. However, most adolescent girls in developing countries face sexuality without adequate information. This is due to the unwritten but active traditional norm against the discussion of sex and sexuality issues with young people. This article reports a descriptive study that investigated the adolescent girls’ degree of access to reproductive health information and the barriers to accessing reproductive health information. Multistage sampling technique was used to select 18 schools, three from each of the six Local Education Districts (LEDs) in Lagos State. The study sample consisted of 1800 girls in the selected schools. Data were collected with a questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. The result of the study revealed that in-school adolescent girls had limited access to reproductive health information. The findings also showed that lack of time to seek relevant information and unwillingness of parents to discuss reproductive health issues with the adolescents were major obstacles to reproductive health information access. The test of significance of relationship between access to reproductive health information and attitude towards reproductive health issues indicated significant positive relationship between access to reproductive health information and attitude towards reproductive health issues. The study concluded that access to reproductive health information exerts great influence on attitude towards reproductive health issues. The article recommends the adoption of multimedia approach for the dissemination of reproductive health information in public schools in Lagos State. © , Published with license by Taylor & Francis.	adolescent girls; Lagos State; reproductive health information; reproductive health issues	None	None
WoS	WOS:000308537100023	Process and Outcome Evaluation of a Community Intervention for Orphan Adolescents in Western Kenya	Cho, Hyunsan,Hallfors, Denise D.,Itindi, Janet,Mbai, Isabella,Milimo, Benson	2012	JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY HEALTH	37	5	10.1007/s10900-012-9548-x	Moi University, Pacific Institute for Research & Evaluation (PIRE), Pacific Inst Res & Evaluat	"Itindi, Janet: Moi University","Mbai, Isabella: Moi University","Milimo, Benson: Moi University",	We conducted a 2-year pilot randomized controlled trial (N = 105) in a high HIV-prevalence area in rural western Kenya to test whether providing young orphan adolescents with uniforms, school fees, and community visitors improves school retention and reduces HIV risk factors. The trial was a community intervention, limited to one community. In this paper, we examined intervention implementation and its association with outcomes using longitudinal data. We used both quantitative and qualitative methods to evaluate the community-based model for orphan HIV prevention, with recommendations for future studies. Despite promising effects after 1 year, GEE analyses showed effects after 2 years. Volunteer community visitors, a key element of the intervention, showed little of the expected effect although qualitative reports documented active assistance to prevent orphans' school absence. For future research, we recommend capturing the transition to high school, a larger sample size, and biomarker data to add strength to the research design. We also recommend a school-based intervention approach to improve implementation and reduce infrastructure costs. Finally, we recommend evaluating nurses as agents for improving school attendance and preventing dropout because of their unique ability to address critical biopsychosocial problems.	"ADOLESCENT HEALTH","community-based intervention","global health","HIV/AIDS PREVENTION","RURAL HEALTH",BEHAVIOR,GIRLS,HIV,"RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL",RISK,SCHOOL,"SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA",YOUNG-WOMEN,ZIMBABWE	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77957238662	Gender differentials in the impact of parental death: Adolescent's sexual behaviour and risk of HIV infection in rural South Africa	Nyirenda M., McGrath N., Newell M.-L.	2010	Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies	5	3	10.1080/17450128.2010.507804	Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu Natal, PO Box 198, Mtubatuba 3935, South Africa; Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom	Nyirenda, M., Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu Natal, PO Box 198, Mtubatuba 3935, South Africa; McGrath, N., Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu Natal, PO Box 198, Mtubatuba 3935, South Africa, Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, United Kingdom; Newell, M.-L., Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu Natal, PO Box 198, Mtubatuba 3935, South Africa, Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom	Using data from a longitudinal surveillance study from rural South Africa, we investigated the odds of sexual debut, pregnancy and HIV infection of 15- to 19-year-old adolescents by parental survival. Using descriptive statistics and logistic regressions, we examine the relative risk of orphans compared with non-orphans to have ever had sex, being pregnant and being HIV infected, adjusting for age, sex, socio-economic status, education, being employed and residency. Of 8274 adolescents, 42% were orphaned (one or both parents died). Over 80% of adolescents remained in school, but orphans were significantly more likely to lag behind in grade for age. Female adolescent maternal (aOR 1.32, 95% CI 1.07-1.62), paternal (aOR 1.26, 95% CI 1.06-1.49) and dual (aOR 1.37, 95% CI 1.05-1.78) orphans were significantly more likely than non-orphaned females to have ever had sex; among males it was only paternal (aOR 1.27, 95% CI 1.05 1.53) orphans. Maternal (aOR 1.49, 95% CI 1.03-2.15) and dual (aOR 1.74, 95% CI 1.11-2.73) female orphans relative to non-orphaned females were significantly more likely to be HIV infected; male paternal (aOR 3.41, 95% CI 1.37-8.46) and dual (aOR 3.54, 95% CI 1.06-11.86) orphans had over three-fold the odds of being infected. There was strong evidence that death of mother for girls was associated with increased vulnerability to earlier sexual debut and HIV infection, while fathers appeared to play a significant role in both their son's and daughter's lives. © 2010 Taylor & Francis.	Adolescent; HIV/AIDS; Maternal; Orphanhood; Paternal; Sexual behaviour; Vulnerability	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-65749184492	Experiences of discrimination and the impact on the identity development of a group of incarcerated adolescents in South Africa	Peacock R.	2008	Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice	6	2	10.1080/15377930802096520	Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology, Monash South Africa, Monash University (Melbourne), Private Bag X60, Roodepoort, VIC 1725, South Africa	Peacock, R., Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology, Monash South Africa, Monash University (Melbourne), Private Bag X60, Roodepoort, VIC 1725, South Africa	The purpose of the study was to assess the relationship between discrimination and identity development using a sample of 83 incarcerated male adolescents, aged 15 to 18 years in South Africa. Seventy-seven percent of the respondents were black, 96 percent were in prison for the first time, and the majority (49.4%) were in prison for aggressive offenses, such as murder and robbery. The findings indicate a linear relationship between a lower level of identity development and experiences of discrimination on the basis of physical appearance and behavior of the parental figures and siblings during the critical developmental stage of adolescence. The study concludes that the offending behavior of the incarcerated adolescents could be viewed as a tool of self-destruction due to the negative impact of experiences of discrimination on their level of identity development. © 2008 by The Haworth Press. All rights reserved.	Adolescent identity; Discrimination; Incarceration	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-68649121425	The impact of life design counselling on adolescents	Maree J.G., Pollard Z.	2009	Journal of Psychology in Africa	19	2	None	Faculty of Education, University of Pretoria, 0001 Pretoria, South Africa	Maree, J.G., Faculty of Education, University of Pretoria, 0001 Pretoria, South Africa; Pollard, Z.	This study records a process of heightening self-awareness within a semi-structured 'life design counselling' process. The research was conducted on the basis of a case study designed to facilitate co-constructive conversation with a purposefully selected youth. The participant was enabled to reconstruct a preferred and meaningful future that could change as different experiences, challenges and needs arose. The study suggested that the postmodern techniques that were implemented enhanced the involvement of the participant in the study. The participant revealed heightened self-insight into his personal experiences, a 'changed' attitude to certain aspects of his life context and pro-active behaviour with regard to the challenges he was facing. We (the researchers) concluded that life design counselling could be a promising strategy that could have a lasting effect on adolescents. Copyright © 2009.	Adolescent; Impact; Life design counselling	None	None
WoS	WOS:000345396200009	Prevalence and Health Impact of Intimate Partner Violence and Non-partner Sexual Violence Among Female Adolescents Aged 15-19 Years in Vulnerable Urban Environments: A Multi-Country Study	Acharya, Rajib,Brahmbhatt, Heena,Cheng, Yan,Covarrubias, Laura,Decker, Michele R.,Delany-Moretlwe, Sinead,Gao, Ersheng,Ojengbede, Oladosu,Olumide, Adesola,Peitzmeier, Sarah	2014	JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH	55	6	10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.08.022	Johns Hopkins University, University of Ibadan, University of Witwatersrand, Shanghai Inst Planned Parenthood Res	"Brahmbhatt, Heena: Johns Hopkins University","Covarrubias, Laura: Johns Hopkins University","Decker, Michele R.: Johns Hopkins University","Delany-Moretlwe, Sinead: University of Witwatersrand","Ojengbede, Oladosu: University of Ibadan","Olumide, Adesola: University of Ibadan","Peitzmeier, Sarah: Johns Hopkins University",	Purpose: Globally, adolescent women are at risk for gender-based violence (GBV) including sexual violence and intimate partner violence (IPV). Those in economically distressed settings are considered uniquely vulnerable. Methods: Female adolescents aged 15-19 from Baltimore, Maryland, USA; New Delhi, India; Ibadan, Nigeria; Johannesburg, South Africa; and Shanghai, China (n = 1,112) were recruited via respondent-driven sampling to participate in a cross-sectional survey. We describe the prevalence of past-year physical and sexual IPV, and lifetime and past-year non-partner sexual violence. Logistic regression models evaluated associations of GBV with substance use, sexual and reproductive health, mental health, and self-rated health. Results: Among ever-partnered women, past-year IPV prevalence ranged from 10.2% in Shanghai to 36.6% in Johannesburg. Lifetime non-partner sexual violence ranged from 1.2% in Shanghai to 12.6% in Johannesburg. Where sufficient cases allowed additional analyses (Baltimore and Johannesburg), both IPV and non-partner sexual violence were associated with poor health across domains of substance use, sexual and reproductive health, mental health, and self-rated health; associations varied across study sites. Conclusions: Significant heterogeneity was observed in the prevalence of IPV and non-partner sexual violence among adolescent women in economically distressed urban settings, with upwards of 25% of ever-partnered women experiencing past-year IPV in Baltimore, Ibadan, and Johannesburg, and more than 10% of adolescent women in Baltimore and Johannesburg reporting non-partner sexual violence. Findings affirm the negative health influence of GBV even in disadvantaged urban settings that present a range of competing health threats. A multisectoral response is needed to prevent GBV against young women, mitigate its health impact, and hold perpetrators accountable. (C) 2014 Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. All rights reserved.	ADOLESCENT,"intimate partner violence","sexual violence","1ST INTERCOURSE","DATING VIOLENCE","DOMESTIC VIOLENCE","GLOBAL PREVALENCE","HIV PREVENTION","REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH",SOUTH-AFRICA,"TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS",UNITED-STATES,WOMEN	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928615589	Understanding sexual and reproductive health needs of adolescents: Evidence from a formative evaluation in Wakiso district, Uganda Adolescent Health	Atuyambe L.M., Kibira S.P.S., Bukenya J., Muhumuza C., Apolot R.R., Mulogo E.	2015	Reproductive Health	12	1	10.1186/s12978-015-0026-7	Department of Community Health and Behavioural Sciences, Makerere University School of Public Health, P.O.Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Community Health, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Kampala, Uganda	Atuyambe, L.M., Department of Community Health and Behavioural Sciences, Makerere University School of Public Health, P.O.Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda; Kibira, S.P.S., Department of Community Health and Behavioural Sciences, Makerere University School of Public Health, P.O.Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda; Bukenya, J., Department of Community Health and Behavioural Sciences, Makerere University School of Public Health, P.O.Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda; Muhumuza, C., Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda; Apolot, R.R., Department of Community Health and Behavioural Sciences, Makerere University School of Public Health, P.O.Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda; Mulogo, E., Department of Community Health, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Kampala, Uganda	Introduction: Adolescents are frequently reluctant to seek sexual and reproductive health services (SRH). In Uganda, adolescent health and development is constrained by translation of the relevant policies to practice. Recent studies done in central Uganda have shown that there is need for a critical assessment of adolescent friendly services (AFS) to gain insights on current practice and inform future interventions. This study aimed to assess the sexual reproductive health needs of the adolescents and explored their attitudes towards current services available. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted in Wakiso district, central Uganda in September 2013.Twenty focus group discussions (FGDs) stratified by gender (10 out-of-school, and 10 in-school), were purposefully sampled. We used trained research assistants (moderator and note taker) who used a pretested FGD guide translated into the local language to collect data. All discussions were audio taped, and were transcribed verbatim before analysis. Thematic areas on; adolescent health problems, adolescent SRH needs, health seeking behaviour and attitudes towards services, and preferred services were explored. Data was analysed using atlas ti version 7 software. Results: Our results clearly show that adolescents have real SRH issues that need to be addressed. In and out-of-school adolescents had sexuality problems such as unwanted pregnancies, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), defilement, rape, substance abuse. Unique to the females was the issue of sexual advances by older men and adolescents. We further highlight RH needs which would be solved by establishing adolescent friendly clinics with standard recommended characteristics (sexuality information, friendly health providers, a range of good clinical services such as post abortion care etc.). With regard to health seeking behaviour, most adolescents do not take any action at first until disease severity increase. Conclusions: Adolescents in Uganda have multiple sexual and reproductive health needs that require special focus through adolescent friendly services. This calls for resource support in terms of health provider training, information education and communication materials as well as involvement of key stakeholders that include parents, teachers and legislators. © 2015 Atuyambe et al.; licensee BioMed Central.	Adolescent; Needs; Reproductive health; Sexual; Uganda	abortion; adolescent; adolescent behavior; adolescent health; adolescent sexual behavior; adult; Article; child; circumcision; condom use; disease severity; female; health care need; health education; help seeking behavior; human; major clinical study; male; qualitative research; rape; reproductive health; sexual education; sexual health; sexuality; sexually transmitted disease; substance abuse; Uganda; unwanted pregnancy	None
WoS	WOS:000332851300011	Impact of Domestic Care Environment on Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among Orphans in Western Kenya	Atwoli, Lukoye,Ayaya, Samuel,Ayuku, David,Braitstein, Paula,Hogan, Joseph,Koech, Julius,Vreeman, Rachel Christine	2014	PLOS ONE	9	3	10.1371/journal.pone.0089937	Brown University, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indiana University System, Moi University, Regenstrief Institute Inc, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), University of Toronto, USAID Acad Model Providing Access Healthcare AMPA	"Atwoli, Lukoye: Moi University","Ayaya, Samuel: Moi University","Ayuku, David: Moi University","Koech, Julius: United States Agency for International Development (USAID)",	Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the impact of the domestic care environment on the prevalence of potentially traumatic events (PTEs) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among orphaned and separated children in Uasin Gishu County, western Kenya. Methods: A total of 1565 (55.5% male) orphaned and separated adolescents aged 10-18 years (mean 13.8 years, sd 2.2), were assessed for PTSD and PTEs including bullying, physical abuse and sexual abuse. In this sample, 746 lived in extended family households, 746 in Charitable Children's Institutions (CCIs), and 73 on the street. Posttraumatic stress symptom (PTSS) scores and PTSD were assessed using the Child PTSD Checklist. Results: Bullying was the commonest PTE in all domestic care environments, followed by physical and sexual abuse. All PTEs were commonest among the street youth followed by CCIs. However, sexual abuse was more prevalent in households than in CCIs. Prevalence of PTSD was highest among street youth (28.8%), then households (15.0%) and CCIs (11.5%). PTSS scores were also highest among street youth, followed by CCIs and households. Bullying was associated with higher PTSS scores and PTSD odds than either sexual or physical abuse. Conclusion: This study demonstrated differences in distribution of trauma and PTSD among orphaned and separated children in different domestic care environments, with street youth suffering more than those in CCIs or households. Interventions are needed to address bullying and sexual abuse, especially in extended family households. Street youth, a heretofore neglected population, are urgently in need of dedicated mental health services and support.	,ADOLESCENTS,AGGRESSION,CHILDREN,FOSTER,HEALTH,HOMELESS,SOUTH-AFRICA,"SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA",VICTIMIZATION,VIOLENCE	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84893708936	Evaluation of a peer-based mental health support program for adolescents orphaned by AIDS in South Africa	Thupayagale-Tshweneagae G., Mokomane Z.	2014	Japan Journal of Nursing Science	11	1	10.1111/j.1742-7924.2012.00231.x	Department of Health Studies, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa; Population Health, Health Systems, and Innovation, Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa	Thupayagale-Tshweneagae, G., Department of Health Studies, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa; Mokomane, Z., Population Health, Health Systems, and Innovation, Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa	Aim: This article provides the findings of a qualitative study done to evaluate the effectiveness of a peer-based mental health support program for adolescents orphaned by AIDS in South Africa known as BAR, an acronym for "Better Accept Reality". Methods: Data was collected from 15 adolescents orphaned by AIDS using focus group discussions, reflective diaries, and recordings of the adolescents' school grades. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi's steps of data analysis. Results: The results showed a notable positive change in the participants' attitude to caregivers, responsibility to self and to others, and school grades. Conclusion: The study demonstrated that the peer-based mental health support program is effective in meeting the mental health needs of adolescents orphaned by AIDS. The participants were able to express their needs and improve relationships with caregivers, a clear sign of adapting to their loss. © 2012 Japan Academy of Nursing Science.	Adolescents; AIDS; BAR program; Orphans South Africa	acquired immune deficiency syndrome; adolescent; adolescents; article; BAR program; human; mental health service; organization and management; orphaned child; orphans South Africa; peer group; psychological aspect; South Africa; adolescents; AIDS; BAR program; orphans South Africa; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adolescent; Child, Orphaned; Humans; Mental Health Services; Peer Group; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953701394	Neuropsychological performance of South African treatment-naïve adolescents with alcohol dependence	Ferrett H.L., Carey P.D., Thomas K.G.F., Tapert S.F., Fein G.	2010	Drug and Alcohol Dependence	110	42371	10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.01.019	Stellenbosch University, Department of Psychiatry, 7505 Cape Town, Tygerberg, South Africa; University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States; Neurobehavioral Research Inc, 1585 Kapiolani Blvd., Suite 1030, Honolulu, HI 90814, United States	Ferrett, H.L., Stellenbosch University, Department of Psychiatry, 7505 Cape Town, Tygerberg, South Africa; Carey, P.D., Stellenbosch University, Department of Psychiatry, 7505 Cape Town, Tygerberg, South Africa; Thomas, K.G.F., University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Tapert, S.F., University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States; Fein, G., Neurobehavioral Research Inc, 1585 Kapiolani Blvd., Suite 1030, Honolulu, HI 90814, United States	Background: Alcohol dependence (AD) in developmentally vulnerable adolescents is ubiquitous and confers a risk for long-term neurocognitive sequelae, yet comorbid substance use disorders and psychopathology can complicate interpretations. Here, we compare cognitive functioning in adolescents with and without AD, who are free from comorbid disorders. Methods: English- and Afrikaans-speaking adolescents (13-15 years) of mixed ancestry and low socio-economic status were recruited from the Cape Town region of South Africa. Adolescents with psychiatric, developmental, or other substance use disorders (SUDs) were excluded.AD (n=26) and control (n=26) groups were matched on age, gender, language, and level of education. Neuropsychological testing in participants' home language followed detailed medical/psychiatric evaluation. Results: Although our sample included participants who smoked tobacco, lifetime dosage of other drugs was negligible. When tobacco and other drug use as well as demographic variables were controlled, adolescents with AD performed more poorly on measures of Verbal Story Memory, Self-Monitoring, and Psychomotor Speed and Coordination. Conclusions: These preliminary results, although relatively subtle, suggest that adolescents with AD may be at increased risk for failure to reach optimal levels of neuromaturation, and may be susceptible to cognitive problems associated with protracted alcohol consumption. © 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.	Adolescents; Alcohol; Health effects; Neuropsychology	adolescent; alcoholism; article; clinical article; cognition; comorbidity; controlled study; education; ethnic group; female; human; language; male; neuropsychological test; neuropsychology; priority journal; scoring system; social status; South Africa; substance abuse; verbal memory; Adolescent; Alcoholism; Cognition Disorders; Executive Function; Female; Humans; Male; Memory, Short-Term; Neuropsychological Tests; Problem Solving; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Psychomotor Performance; Regression Analysis; Social Class; South Africa; Substance-Related Disorders; Verbal Learning; Nicotiana tabacum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-27744551028	Impact of psychiatric morbidity on parent-rated quality of life in Nigerian adolescents with epilepsy	Adewuya A.O., Oseni S.B.A.	2005	Epilepsy and Behavior	7	3	10.1016/j.yebeh.2005.07.011	Department of Mental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex, Wesley Guild Hospital, Ilesa 233001 Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Adewuya, A.O., Department of Mental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex, Wesley Guild Hospital, Ilesa 233001 Osun State, Nigeria; Oseni, S.B.A., Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Despite the prevalence of anxiety and depressive disorders in children and adolescents with epilepsy, their impact on the quality of life has not been sufficiently studied. Adolescents with epilepsy (n = 90) aged 12 to 18 were assessed for anxiety and depressive disorders with the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children, Version IV (DISC-IV), and their quality of life was assessed with the parent-rated Impact of Childhood Illness Scale (ICIS). Sociodemographic and illness variables were also obtained. Predictors of poor quality of life in adolescents with epilepsy include anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, frequency of seizures, and side effects of antiepileptic drugs. Depressive and anxiety disorders impacted on both the adolescents and the family. Programs designed to improve the overall quality of life of these adolescents should include the evaluation and treatment of possible comorbid anxiety and depressive disorders and involve the family. © 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	Adolescents; Anxiety disorders; Cross-cultural; Depressive disorders; Epilepsy; Quality of life	anticonvulsive agent; carbamazepine; phenytoin; valproic acid; adolescent; adult; anxiety disorder; article; comorbidity; controlled study; demography; depression; epilepsy; family; female; human; interview; major clinical study; male; Nigeria; parent; prediction; quality of life; scoring system; side effect; socioeconomics; Adolescent; Anticonvulsants; Anxiety Disorders; Attitude; Depressive Disorder; Epilepsy; Family; Female; Humans; Male; Mental Disorders; Nigeria; Parents; Quality of Life; Socioeconomic Factors	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84867066550	Performance of the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale in a sample of children and adolescents from poor urban communities in Cape Town	Boyes M.E., Cluver L.D.	2013	European Journal of Psychological Assessment	29	2	10.1027/1015-5759/a000134	Centre for Evidence-Based Intervention, Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Wolfson College, Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, 32 Wellington Square, Oxford OX1 2ER, United Kingdom	Boyes, M.E., Centre for Evidence-Based Intervention, Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, United Kingdom, Wolfson College, Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, 32 Wellington Square, Oxford OX1 2ER, United Kingdom; Cluver, L.D., Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa	The Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS) is regularly used with South African children, although its performance in this context has yet to be empirically evaluated. This study assessed the basic psychometric properties of the RCMAS using data collected in a large study examining the mental health of children and adolescents living in poor urban communities around Cape Town. Reliability of the full-scale was good, and the predicted relationships between anxiety, depression, PTSD, delinquency, age, sex, and somaticism scores offered evidence of construct validity. However, the reliabilities for the physiological, worry/oversensitivity, and concentration subscales were low, and confirmatory factor analysis revealed the hypothesized three-factor model did not adequately fit the data. Exploratory analyses suggested a four-factor solution consisting of social evaluation, worry, affective responses, and physiological symptoms/sleep disturbance factors. Further confirmatory research examining this four-factor structure is needed. Given the continued use of the RCMAS in South Africa, these findings provide an important first step in establishing its reliability and validity for use with South African youth; however, scores obtained on the three subscales should be interpreted with caution and further detailed psychometric evaluation of the RCMAS in South African samples is clearly required. © 2012 Hogrefe Publishing.	Adolescents; Anxiety; Measurement; Psychometric; South Africa	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84927636415	The impact of attachment and depression symptoms on multiple risk behaviors in post-war adolescents in northern Uganda	Okello J., Nakimuli-Mpungu E., Klasen F., Voss C., Musisi S., Broekaert E., Derluyn I.	2015	Journal of Affective Disorders	180	None	10.1016/j.jad.2015.03.052	Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Uganda; Gulu University, Department of Psychiatry, Gulu, Uganda; Department of Orthopedagogics, Ghent University, Belgium; Department of Social Welfare Studies, Centre for Children in Vulnerable Situations, Ghent University, Belgium; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Medical Centre of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany	Okello, J., Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Uganda, Gulu University, Department of Psychiatry, Gulu, Uganda; Nakimuli-Mpungu, E., Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Uganda; Klasen, F., Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Medical Centre of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Voss, C., Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Medical Centre of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Musisi, S., Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Uganda; Broekaert, E., Department of Orthopedagogics, Ghent University, Belgium; Derluyn, I., Department of Social Welfare Studies, Centre for Children in Vulnerable Situations, Ghent University, Belgium	Background We have previously shown that depression symptoms are associated with multiple risk behaviors and that parental attachments are protective against depression symptoms in post-war adolescents. Accumulating literature indicates that low levels of attachment may sensitize individuals to increased multiple risk behaviors when depression symptoms exist. This investigation examined the interactive effects of attachment and depression symptoms on multiple risk behavior. Methods We conducted hierarchical logistic regression analyses to examine the impact of attachment and depression symptoms on multiple risk behavior in our post-war sample of 551 adolescents in Gulu district. Results Analyses revealed interactive effects for only maternal attachment-by-depression interaction. Interestingly, high levels of maternal attachment exacerbated the relationship between depression symptoms and multiple risk behaviors while low levels of maternal attachment attenuated this relationship. Limitations It is possible that this analysis could be biased by a common underlying factor that influences self-reporting and therefore is correlated with each of self-reported attachment security, depressive symptoms, and multiple risk behaviors. Conclusions These findings suggest that maternal attachment serves as a protective factor at low levels while serving as an additional risk factor at high levels. Findings support and expand current knowledge about the roles that attachment and depression symptoms play in the development of multiple risk behaviors and suggest a more complex etiology for post-war adolescents. © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Adolescents; Attachment; Depression; Risk behavior; War	adolescent; adult; aggression; Article; boy; child psychiatry; controlled study; depression; emotional attachment; female; girl; high risk behavior; human; major clinical study; male; priority journal; sex difference; sexual behavior; social interaction; Uganda; war; adolescent behavior; depression; high risk behavior; object relation; parent; psychology; risk factor; self report; war; Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Depression; Female; Humans; Male; Object Attachment; Parents; Risk Factors; Risk-Taking; Self Report; Uganda; War	None
WoS	WOS:000296344400001	A process evaluation of the scale up of a youth-friendly health services initiative in northern Tanzania	Andrew, Bahati,Changalucha, John,Kato, Charles,Kishamawe, Coleman,Nyalali, Kija,Obasi, Angela,Renju, Jenny	2010	JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL AIDS SOCIETY	13	None	10.1186/1758-2652-13-32	University of Liverpool, Mwanza Ctr	"Obasi, Angela: University of Liverpool",	Background: While there are a number of examples of successful small-scale, youth-friendly services interventions aimed at improving reproductive health service provision for young people, these projects are often short term and have low coverage. In order to have a significant, long-term impact, these initiatives must be implemented over a sustained period and on a large scale. We conducted a process evaluation of the 10-fold scale up of an evaluated youth-friendly services intervention in Mwanza Region, Tanzania, in order to identify key facilitating and inhibitory factors from both user and provider perspectives. Methods: The intervention was scaled up in two training rounds lasting six and 10 months. This process was evaluated through the triangulation of multiple methods: (i) a simulated patient study; (ii) focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews with health workers and trainers; (iii) training observations; and (iv) pre- and post-training questionnaires. These methods were used to compare pre- and post-intervention groups and assess differences between the two training rounds. Results: Between 2004 and 2007, local government officials trained 429 health workers. The training was well implemented and over time, trainers' confidence and ability to lead sessions improved. The district-led training significantly improved knowledge relating to HIV/AIDS and puberty (RR ranged from 1.06 to 2.0), attitudes towards condoms, confidentiality and young people's right to treatment (RR range: 1.23-1.36). Intervention health units scored higher in the family planning and condom request simulated patient scenarios, but lower in the sexually transmitted infection scenario than the control health units. The scale up faced challenges in the selection and retention of trained health workers and was limited by various contextual factors and structural constraints. Conclusions: Youth-friendly services interventions can remain well delivered, even after expansion through existing systems. The scaling-up process did affect some aspects of intervention quality, and our research supports others in emphasizing the need to train more staff (both clinical and non-clinical) per facility in order to ensure youth-friendly services delivery. Further research is needed to identify effective strategies to address structural constraints and broader social norms that hampered the scale up.	,ADOLESCENTS,BEHAVIOR,CLINICS,INTERVENTION,PRIMARY-CARE,QUALITY,"RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL","RURAL TANZANIA",SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES,SOUTH-AFRICA	None	None
WoS	WOS:000281862300002	The correlates of HIV testing and impacts on sexual behavior: evidence from a life history study of young people in Kisumu, Kenya	Izugbara, Chimaraoke O.,Kabiru, Caroline W.,Luke, Nancy,Zulu, Eliya M.	2010	BMC PUBLIC HEALTH	10	None	10.1186/1471-2458-10-412	Brown University, African Inst Dev Policy AFIDEP, African Populat & Hlth Res Ctr	"Luke, Nancy: Brown University",	Background: HIV counseling and testing is considered an important component of HIV prevention and treatment. This paper examines the characteristics of young males and females at the time of first reported HIV test, including the influence of recent sexual partnerships, and investigates how HIV testing and the cumulative number of tests are associated with sexual behaviors within six months of testing. Methods: The study uses data from a random sample of youth aged 18-24 years living in Kisumu, Kenya, who were interviewed using a 10-year retrospective life history calendar. Cox regression models were used to examine the correlates of the timing of first HIV test. Variance-correction models for unordered repeated events were employed to examine whether having an HIV test in the previous six months and the cumulative number of tests predict unsafe sexual practices in a given month. Results: Sixty-four percent of females and 55% of males reported at least one HIV test in the last 10 years and 40% of females were pregnant the month of first test. Significant correlates of first HIV test included marital aspirations among non-pregnant females, unprotected sex in the previous six months among pregnant females, and concurrency in the previous six months among males. Having a recent HIV test was associated with a decreased likelihood of unprotected sex among ever-pregnant females, an increased likelihood of unprotected sex and "risky" sexual partnerships among never-pregnant females, and an increased likelihood of concurrency among males. Repeated HIV testing was associated with a lower likelihood of concurrency among males and involvement in "risky" sexual partnerships among males and never-pregnant females. Conclusions: The high rate of pregnancy at first test suggests that promotion of HIV testing as part of prevention of mother-to-child transmission is gaining success. Further research is warranted to examine how and why behavior change is influenced by client-versus provider-initiated testing. The influence of different sexual partnership variables for males and females suggests that interventions to assess risk and promote testing should be gender-and relationship-specific. The findings also suggest that encouraging repeat or routine testing could potentially increase the uptake of safer sexual behaviors.	,ADOLESCENTS,BOTSWANA,CALENDAR,CLIENTS,"CONDOM USE",FERTILITY,HIGH-RISK,POPULATION,PREVALENCE,SERVICES	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-35548981362	Impact of parent-child relationship on the career development process of high school students in Ibadan, Nigeria	Salami S.O., Aremu A.O.	2007	Career Development International	12	7	10.1108/13620430710834387	Department of Guidance and Counselling, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Salami, S.O., Department of Guidance and Counselling, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Aremu, A.O., Department of Guidance and Counselling, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Purpose: The purpose of this paper was to investigate the relationships of parental attachment and psychological separation to the career development process of secondary school adolescents. Design/methodology/approach: An ex post facto survey research design was adopted. The sample comprised 242 (males=121, females=121) senior secondary school II students randomly selected. Parental attachment, psychological separation, and career development scales were administered on the students. The data collected were analysed using hierarchical multiple regression analysis treating parental attachment and psychological separation as predictors and career development as a criterion variable. Parental attachment and psychological separation (mother scales) separately and significantly predicted career information-seeking behaviour of participants. However, combined attachment and separation (father scale) could not significantly predict any of the career development variables. Research limitations/implications: The study utilised cross-sectional and self-report measures. Practical implications: The cultural environment and type of family in which the study was carried out should be considered. Counsellors in Nigeria should assess views of students' parents and peers on career development. Originality/value: Most previous studies have linked familial factors like parental educational, financial and modelling opportunities with career development. This study reported the relationship of parental attachment and psychological separation with the career development process. Results from this study may enlighten career counsellors, parents and students on the need to assess the relationship between the students and their parents when dealing with their career development problems. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Adolescents; Career guidance; Family; Influence; Nigeria; Social interaction	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-58449104885	Prevalence of neck pain and headaches: Impact of computer use and other associative factors	Smith L., Louw Q., Crous L., Grimmer-Somers K.	2009	Cephalalgia	29	2	10.1111/j.1468-2982.2008.01714.x	Physiotherapy Division, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa; Centre of Allied Health Research, Joanna Briggs Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Physiotherapy, Physiotherapy Division, Stellenbosch University, PO Box 19063, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa	Smith, L., Physiotherapy Division, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa, Physiotherapy, Physiotherapy Division, Stellenbosch University, PO Box 19063, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Louw, Q., Physiotherapy Division, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa; Crous, L., Physiotherapy Division, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa; Grimmer-Somers, K., Centre of Allied Health Research, Joanna Briggs Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia	Headaches and neck pain are reported to be among the most prevalent musculoskeletal complaints in the general population. A significant body of research has reported a high prevalence of headaches and neck pain among adolescents. Sitting for lengthy periods in fixed postures such as at computer terminals may result in adolescent neck pain and headaches. The aim of this paper was to report the association between computer use (exposure) and headaches and neck pain (outcome) among adolescent school students in a developing country. A cross-sectional study was conducted and comprehensive description of the data collection instrument was used to collect the data from 1073 high-school students. Headaches were associated with high psychosocial scores and were more common among girls. We found a concerning association between neck pain and high hours of computing for school students, and have confirmed the need to educate new computer users (school students) about appropriate ergonomics and postural health. © Blackwell Publishing Ltd.	Adolescents; Computers; Headaches; Neck pain; School	adolescent; adult; article; body posture; ergonomics; female; headache; high school student; human; human computer interaction; major clinical study; male; neck pain; Adolescent; Age Factors; Computers; Cross-Sectional Studies; Developing Countries; Female; Headache; Humans; Male; Neck Pain; Posture; Prevalence; Questionnaires; Schools; Sex Factors; Social Behavior; South Africa; Sports; Students	None
WoS	WOS:000256206600019	Sexually transmitted infections knowledge and its impact in the practice of risky sexual behaviours and HIV serostatus: results from rural Kilimanjaro, Tanzania	Klepp, K-I,Leyna, G. H.,Mmbaga, E. J.,Mnyika, K. S.	2008	SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS	84	3	10.1136/sti.2007.029488	University of Oslo, Muhimbili Univ Hlth Sci	"Klepp, K-I: University of Oslo",	Objectives: To investigate the level of knowledge of different categories of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and their impact on practice of risky sexual behaviours and HIV transmission in rural Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. Methods: A cross-sectional study, including all individuals aged 15-44 years living in Oria village, Kahe ward, was conducted between March and May 2005. All consenting individuals were interviewed and offered HIV testing. Results: The response rate was 73.0% (1528/2093). Overall, knowledge of STIs was 38.6%. Having a casual partner (59.4%) and multiple sexual partners (50.6%) were mentioned as the most potential sources of STI. Genital ulcers and vaginal discharge were the predominant symptoms noted whereas abstinence and condom use were the preferred preventive measures. Knowledge of STI complications, including HIV transmission, was very low (22.0%) in this community. The low knowledge of STI complications was significantly associated with recent (past 4 weeks) practice of multiple sexual partners (AOR 2.4, 95% CI 1.1 to 8.7), not using condoms with casual partners (AOR, 2.7, 95% CI 1.2 to 7.5) and HIV serostatus (AOR 3.4, 95% CI 1.8 to 14.5). Conclusions: Overall STI knowledge and its link to HIV transmission was alarmingly low in this community. Knowledge of STI complications may play an important role in inducing safer sexual behaviours and hence HIV prevention. Interventions addressing HIV/STI knowledge should put more emphasis on raising awareness of complications as this may play a major role in HIV/STI prevention.	,ADOLESCENTS,"CONDOM USE","PERCEIVED RISK",PREVALENCE,WOMEN	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84857806199	Impact of cultural value system on the personality development of Ogoni adolescents	Nwoke M.B.	2012	Asian Social Science	8	3	10.5539/ass.v8n3p100	Department of Psychology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 41000, Enugu State, Nigeria	Nwoke, M.B., Department of Psychology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 41000, Enugu State, Nigeria	Cultural value system is a very important and significant issue in the life of Ogonis in Nigeria. This is because it is the compendium of their entire life. In this study the first of its kind, the process of ethnic identity formation among the Ogoni adolescents is explored. Sixteen participants (8males and 8 females) completed the semi structured interviews and the qualitative data collected was analysed using a grounded theory approach. Based on the findings of this study, a preliminary understanding of the impact of cultural value system on the personality development among the Ogoni adolescents is presented and discussed in detail. The qualitative interviews unveiled the presence of compulsory rite of passage into man/womanhood called 'koo' and 'yaa' which every Ogoni adolescent boy or girl must partake. Finally through a thematic analysis, cultural values like 'sira-culture', 'masquerade-cult' and 'were-beast-affinity' that impact on the personality of Ogoni adolescents were uncovered.	Adolescents; Culture; Ogoni; Personality; Values system	None	None
WoS	WOS:000302023400006	Do peer educators make a difference? An evaluation of a youth-led HIV prevention model in Zambian Schools	Bratt, J.,Denison, J. A.,Kabaso, M.,Torpey, K.,Tsui, S.,Weaver, M. A.	2012	HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH	27	2	10.1093/her/cyr093	Family Hlth Int	None	Restless Development's youth-led model places trained Volunteer Peer Educators (VPEs), aged 18-25 years, in schools to teach HIV prevention and reproductive health (RH). VPEs also run youth centers, extracurricular and community-based activities. This evaluation assesses (i) program effects on students' HIV/RH knowledge, attitudes and behaviors using a non-randomized quasi-experimental design among 2133 eighth and ninth grade students in 13 intervention versus 13 matched comparison schools and (ii) program costs. Intervention students had significantly higher levels of knowledge related to HIV [odds ratio (OR) 1.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.18-2.19; P &lt; 0.01] and RH (OR 1.71; 95% CI 1.21-2.49; P &lt; 0.01), more positive attitudes toward people living with HIV and greater self-efficacy to refuse unwanted sex and access condoms. No evidence of differences in ever having had sex was found (28% in the intervention; 29% in the comparison schools). However, intervention students were more likely not to have had sex in the previous year (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.03-1.56; P &lt; 0.05) and to have had only one sex partner ever (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.00-2.03; P &lt; 0.05). The average annual cost of the program was US$21 per beneficiary. In conclusion, the youth-led model is associated with increased HIV and RH knowledge and self-efficacy and lowered levels of stigma and sexual risk-taking behaviors.	,ADOLESCENTS,DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES,"HIV/AIDS PREVENTION",INTERVENTIONS	None	None
WoS	WOS:000282682300005	The Perceived Impact of Disclosure of Pediatric HIV Status on Pediatric Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence, Child Well-Being, and Social Relationships in a Resource-Limited Setting	Ayaya, Samwel O.,Inui, Thomas S.,Marrero, David G.,Nyandiko, Winstone M.,Vreeman, Rachel C.,Walumbe, Eunice G.	2010	AIDS PATIENT CARE AND STDS	24	10	10.1089/apc.2010.0079	Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indiana University System, Moi University, Regenstrief Institute Inc, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), USAID Acad Model Providing Access Healthcare AMPA	"Walumbe, Eunice G.: United States Agency for International Development (USAID)",	In resource-limited settings, beliefs about disclosing a child's HIV status and the subsequent impacts of disclosure have not been well studied. We sought to describe how parents and guardians of HIV-infected children view the impact of disclosing a child's HIV status, particularly for children's antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence. A qualitative study was conducted using involving focus groups and interviews with parents and guardians of HIV-infected children receiving ART in western Kenya. Interviews covered multiple aspects of the experience of having children take medicines. Transcribed interview dialogues were coded for analysis. Data were collected from 120 parents and guardians caring for children 0-14 years (mean 6.8 years, standard deviation [SD] 6.4); 118 of 120 had not told the children they had HIV. Children's caregivers (parents and guardians) described their views on disclosure to children and to others, including how this information-sharing impacted pediatric ART adherence, children's well-being, and their social relationships. Caregivers believed that disclosure might have benefits such as improved ART adherence, especially for older children, and better engagement of a helping social network. They also feared, however, that disclosure might have both negative psychological effects for children and negative social effects for their families, including discrimination. In western Kenya, caregivers' views on the risks and benefits to disclosing children's HIV status emerged a key theme related to a family's experience with HIV medications, even for families who had not disclosed the child's status. Assessing caregivers' views of disclosure is important to understanding and monitoring pediatric ART.	,ADOLESCENTS,DIAGNOSIS,HEALTH-CARE,HIV/AIDS,"MEDICAL LITERATURE","QUALITATIVE RESEARCH",SURVIVAL,"USERS GUIDES","VIRUS-INFECTED CHILDREN","WESTERN KENYA"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84938976854	Impact of social norms and social support on diet, physical activity and sedentary behaviour of adolescents: A scoping review	Draper C.E., Grobler L., Micklesfield L.K., Norris S.A.	2015	Child: Care, Health and Development	41	5	10.1111/cch.12241	MRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Centre for Evidence-based Health Care, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Draper, C.E., MRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Grobler, L., Centre for Evidence-based Health Care, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Micklesfield, L.K., MRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Norris, S.A., MRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	The prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in adulthood is rapidly increasing, and it is essential that risk factors for NCDs be addressed in adolescence, both for the health of individuals during adolescence and for their health in later life. These risk factors include diet, physical activity and sedentary behaviour. No literature has been published that comprehensively summarizes the impact of social norms and social support on these behaviours among adolescents. Therefore, a scoping review was conducted to determine the extent of recent (since 2000) literature available on this topic. A comprehensive search strategy was used to search PubMed and EMBASE for eligible reviews. Review papers (narrative reviews, systematic and non-systematic reviews) published in English in peer-reviewed journals from 2000 to February 2013 were included in the overview. Two of the authors screened the titles and abstracts of the search results independently. Thirty reviews were included in the scoping review. This scoping review has shown sufficient evidence for parental influences, and especially the positive impact of an authoritative parenting style, on healthy behaviours of adolescents, although the evidence is somewhat more compelling for diet than for physical activity and sedentary behaviour. More research is needed to investigate parental and family influences on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. And the effect of peer influences on diet, physical activity and sedentary behaviour of adolescents requires further investigation. The evidence presented affirms the consideration of social norms and social support in the development of interventions to address these behaviours in adolescents. The evidence regarding parenting style provides some concrete guidance for such interventions. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.	Adolescents; Diet; Physical activity; Sedentary behaviour	None	None
WoS	WOS:000250115500017	The impact of health education on reproductive health knowledge among adolescents in a rural Nigerian community	Mba, C. I.,Obi, S. N.,Ozumba, B. C.	2007	JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY	27	5	10.1080/01443610701478991	University of Nigeria	None	This intervention study was to evaluate the impact of reproductive health education on the knowledge and attitude of adolescents in a rural Nigerian community to reproductive health issues. It compared adolescents in a secondary school (study group), which received health education on reproductive health with another secondary school (control group), which did not receive any. The impact of the programme was evaluated with a pre-test baseline knowledge and post-test gain in the knowledge 6 weeks later, using the same questionnaire. A total of 180 students selected by systematic sampling from each of the two randomly selected schools in Item, a rural community in south-east Nigeria participated in the programme. While all the respondents have heard of reproductive health and could identify at least one of its components, their knowledge of it prior to the health education were defective and were obtained mainly from peers and the mass media. Such information was incomplete and often coloured with cultural and religious bias. However, there was a significant (p &lt; 0.05) gain in correct knowledge following the health education. The students in the study group showed a positive and permissive attitude towards reproductive health education and there was a drop in risky sexual behaviour following the intervention. Pre-marital sex (94.3%), pregnancy prevention and abortion (88.5%) and sexually transmitted infections (82.8%) were common reproductive health problems raised by the students. Reproductive health education as part of the school curriculum will provide an effective means of improving knowledge and reducing reproductive health problems among adolescents in developing countries.	ADOLESCENTS,EDUCATION,NIGERIA,"REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH"	None	None
WoS	WOS:000267828800002	Development and test-retest reliability of a research instrument designed to evaluate school-based HIV/AIDS interventions in South Africa and Tanzania	Aaro, Leif Edvard,Flisher, Alan J.,Helleve, Arnfinn,Kaaya, Sylvia,Klepp, Knut-Inge,Mathews, Catherine,Mukoma, Wanjiru	2009	SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH	37	None	10.1177/1403494809103995	University of Bergen, University of Cape Town, University of Oslo, Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth	"Helleve, Arnfinn: University of Oslo","Klepp, Knut-Inge: University of Oslo","Mathews, Catherine: University of Cape Town",	Aims: This article reports on the development and psychometric properties of an instrument to evaluate school-based HIV/AIDS interventions aimed at adolescents in three African sites. Methods: The instrument was developed in a series of steps that involved a review of existing instruments; use of empirical data and secondary literature supporting an association between the variables of interest and sexual intercourse or condom use; operationalizing the constructs of the theoretical model employed; and using the objectives of the intervention. Test-retest reliability studies were conducted at each site. Results: The questionnaire demonstrated good internal consistency and adequate test-retest reliability. Cronbach's alpha was higher than 0.50 for all the 10 psychosocial scales, while Cohen's kappa showed poor to substantial test-retest reliability on the sexual behaviour items (kappa = 0.14 to 0.69). Conclusions: We conclude that the instrument had sufficient test-retest reliability and internal consistency.	ADOLESCENTS,evaluation,HIV/AIDS,RELIABILITY,SCHOOL,"SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA","AIDS EDUCATION",CHILDREN,EDUCATION-PROGRAM,HEALTH,"NORTHERN TANZANIA","PREVENTION PROGRAMS",SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR,STUDENTS,"SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA",VALIDITY	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84943242920	Physical and motor performance predictors of lower body explosive power (LBEP) among adolescents in the North-West Province: Pahl study	Pienaar C., Kruger A., Monyeki A.M.A., Van der Walt K.N.	2015	South African Journal for Research in Sport, Physical Education and Recreation	37	2	None	North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa	Pienaar, C., North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Kruger, A., North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Monyeki, A.M.A., North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Van der Walt, K.N., North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa	The aim of this study was to develop a lower body explosive power (LBEP) prediction model from various physical and motor performance components among a cohort of male and female adolescents living in the Tlokwe local municipality of the North-West Province. A cross-sectional experimental research design was employed with 214 15-year-old adolescents (88 males; 126 females; mean age: 15.8±0.68 years), from six schools, two from the Potchefstroom city area and four from the Ikageng area. They were measured over a 7-day period. Informed consent and demographic questionnaires were completed followed by seven physical and 14 motor performance tests. Regression analyses indicated that gender and 10m-speed formed a significant component-derived prediction model for LBEP values in 15-year-old adolescents, with gender contributing 39% (R2=0.39) and 10m-speed contributing 7% (R2=0.07). Results show that 46% (R2=0.46) of the LBEP can be predicted by speed and gender components of adolescents. Variables other than physical and motor performance components contributed 54% to LBEP prediction in adolescents. The results could be used to identify adolescents who show potential to excel in LBEP performance driven sport. © 2015 University of Stellenbosch. All rights reserved.	Adolescents; Explosive power; Gender; Motor and physical performance; Prediction model	None	None
WoS	WOS:000267828800005	Process evaluation of a school-based HIV/AIDS intervention in South Africa	Ahmed, Nazeema,Flisher, Alan J.,Jansen, Shahieda,Klepp, Knut-Inge,Mathews, Catherine,Mukoma, Wanjiru,Schaalma, Herman	2009	SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH	37	None	10.1177/1403494808090631	Maastricht University, University of Cape Town, University of Oslo	None	Aims: This paper presents a process evaluation that assessed the fidelity and quality of implementation, as well as the acceptability and subjective evaluations of a HIV/AIDS intervention among students and teachers. Methods: The process evaluation was conducted as part of a cluster randomized controlled trial of a theory- and evidence-based school HIV/AIDS intervention in Cape Town. The intervention was designed for grade 8 high school students and delivered by teachers over a six-month period. Twenty-six schools participated in the trial, 13 in the intervention group and 13 in the control group. Results: The success of implementation was varied within and across the schools, with some teachers implementing the intervention with more fidelity than others. This was influenced by a combination of individual characteristics and institutional factors. The factors that aided implementation included compliance with the current outcomes-based education approach; provision of teacher training; provision of teacher manuals with detailed information and instructions about the lessons and activities; continued monitoring and support for teachers; and student enthusiasm for the lessons. Proper implementation was hindered by large class sizes; too many activities in the intervention; teacher resistance to and inexperience in using participatory methods; teacher turnover; the low status of life orientation compared to other subjects; and a general disregard for life orientation among students. Conclusions: These findings are important for improving the intervention and contextualizing the results of the outcome evaluation; and to better plan for further large scale dissemination of school-based HIV/AIDS intervention programmes.	ADOLESCENTS,HIV/AIDS,"process evaluation",SCHOOL,"SOUTH AFRICA","AIDS EDUCATION","DELIVERED SEX-EDUCATION",HEALTH,"HIV PREVENTION",IMPLEMENTATION,PROGRAM,TEACHERS,YOUTH	None	None
WoS	WOS:000249645000014	Biological and behavioural impact of an adolescent sexual health intervention in Tanzania: a community-randomized trial	Anemona, Alessandra,Balira, Rebecca,Changalucha, John,Cleophas-Mazige, Bernadette,Everett, Dean,Gavyole, Awene,Grosskurth, Heiner,Hayes, Richard J.,Mabey, David C.,Makokha, Maende J.,Mosha, Frank,Obasi, Angela I. N.,Parry, John V.,Plummer, Mary L.,Ross, D	2007	AIDS	21	14	None	University of London, Mwanza Ctr	None	Objective: The impact of a multicomponent intervention programme on the sexual health of adolescents was assessed in rural Tanzania. Design: A community-randomized trial. Methods: Twenty communities were randomly allocated to receive either a specially designed programme of interventions (intervention group) or standard activities (comparison group). The intervention had four components: community activities; teacher-led, peer-assisted sexual health education in years 5-7 of primary school; training and supervision of health workers to provide 'youth-friendly' sexual health services; and peer condom social marketing. Impacts on HIV incidence, herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV2) and other sexual health outcomes were evaluated over approximately 3 years in 9645 adolescents recruited in late 1998 before entering years 5, 6 or 7 of primary school. Results: The intervention had a significant impact on knowledge and reported attitudes, reported sexually transmitted infection symptoms, and several behavioural outcomes. Only five HIV seroconversions occurred in boys, whereas in girls the adjusted rate ratio (intervention versus comparison) was 0.75 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.34, 1.66]. Overall HSV2 prevalences at follow-up were 11.9% in male and 21.1% in female participants, with adjusted prevalence ratios of 0.92 (CI 0.69, 1.22) and 1.05 (CI 0.83, 1.32), respectively. There was no consistent beneficial or adverse impact on other biological outcomes. The beneficial impact on knowledge and reported attitudes was confirmed by results of a school examination in a separate group of students in mid-2002. Conclusion: The intervention substantially improved knowledge, reported attitudes and some reported sexual behaviours, especially in boys, but had no consistent impact on biological outcomes within the 3-year trial period. (C) 2007 Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins.	ADOLESCENTS,HIV,"PREGNANCY PREVENTION","SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS",Tanzania,"AIDS EDUCATION",HIV,IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS,PREGNANCIES,"REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH","RISK REDUCTION","RURAL TANZANIA",SELF-REPORT,"TRANSMITTED DISEASES",TRICHOMONAS-VAGINALIS	None	None
None	None	Potential marijuana prevention programs for Hispanic communities: A review article on the impact of various health-related preventive programs targeting adolescents in the United States	Nsimba S.E.D.	2007	Addictive Disorders and their Treatment	6	4	10.1097/ADT.0b013e31802d68aa	Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Hampton House, 624 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences (MUCHS), P O Box 65010, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences (MUCHS), School of Medicine, PO Box 65010, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania	Nsimba, S.E.D., Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Hampton House, 624 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences (MUCHS), P O Box 65010, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences (MUCHS), School of Medicine, PO Box 65010, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania	Marijuana and use of other illicit substances is an increasing major public health problem in developed and developing countries in the world. Studies on Hispanics, African-Americans, and other adolescent immigrants in the United States (US) have shown that this problem in this age group greatly increasing. Various studies and preventive approaches have been tried in the US to prevent the associated adverse health outcomes. However, some of these preventive approached which have employed have had limited success on marijuana use among adolescents in the US. However, this problem of marijuana and other illicit substance use continue to grow both in developed countries like the US and developing countries including like Tanzania. Globally, marijuana is locally grown in some parts of urban and rural areas and the stuff is being used most by the adolescents and young adults as it is cheap and easy to get it. Among young adolescents, global use of illicit substances is causing a lot of damages to their physical health, mental health, and social well-being. Physical evidences are vivid from street boys and gangster mobs around most cities/streets. Thus, preventive programs (interventions) need to be tailored to the particular needs of this age groups (youths and adolescents) and should address the key determinants that predict subsequent use in a manner that are culturally appropriate and responsive to the environment in which these young people live. © 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.	Adolescents; Illicit drugs; Marijuana; Prevention; Substances of abuse; US; Youths	cannabis; illicit drug; article; cannabis addiction; developed country; health hazard; health program; Hispanic; human; mental health; primary prevention; priority journal; United States; wellbeing	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-75149191449	Development of a performance-rating scale for a nutrition knowledge test developed for adolescents	Whati L., Senekal M., Steyn N.P., Lombard C., Nel J.	2009	Public Health Nutrition	12	10	10.1017/S1368980008004679	CDL Unit, South African Medical Research Council, PO Box 19070, Cape Town, 7505, South Africa; Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Biostatistics, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Logistics, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Whati, L., CDL Unit, South African Medical Research Council, PO Box 19070, Cape Town, 7505, South Africa; Senekal, M., Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Steyn, N.P., CDL Unit, South African Medical Research Council, PO Box 19070, Cape Town, 7505, South Africa; Lombard, C., Biostatistics, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; Nel, J., Department of Logistics, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Objective The objectives of the present study were to (i) develop and validate a norm-referenced performance-rating scale to interpret a nutrition knowledge test developed for urban adolescents and (ii) develop a prototype for other researchers to follow when developing nutrition knowledge tests.Design For norm development the nutrition knowledge test (questionnaire) was administered to a sample representative of the questionnaire target group, referred to as the norm group. These included 512 adolescents in grades 8 (n 158), 10 (n 149) and 12 (n 205) at three randomly selected schools in Soweto and Johannesburg. The performance scores (in percentages) obtained by the norm group were transformed to Z-scores which were categorised into stanines using established Z-score cut-off points. For validation purposes the questionnaire was completed by 148 volunteers: sixty university dietetics students, nineteen non-nutrition university students and sixty-nine primary-school teachers.Results As required of an ideal norm group, the Z-scores formed a normal distribution (a bell-shaped curve). To facilitate interpretation of the results, the Z-score cut-off points for these categories were transformed back to performance scores (percentages) so that the performance of a testee could be interpreted directly from his/her performance in percentage. As is recommended, the nine stanine categories were reduced to five: very poor, fair/below average, good/average, very good/above average and excellent. The discriminatory validity of the norms was substantiated by showing that groups with known nutrition knowledge levels were rated appropriately and that the performance ratings of these groups differed significantly, with university dietetics students scoring 98.3 %, primary-school teachers 20.3 % and non-nutrition university students 31.6 %.Conclusions The norm-referenced performance-rating scale can be used with confidence to interpret the performance score achieved by a testee on the nutrition knowledge test developed for urban adolescents in South Africa. The methodology used in the study serves as a prototype for other researchers who are developing knowledge tests.	Adolescents; Knowledge questionnaire; Nutrition knowledge; Rating scale	adolescent; adult; article; attitude to health; human; normal distribution; nutrition; nutritional science; questionnaire; reference value; South Africa; urban population; validation study; Adolescent; Adult; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Normal Distribution; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Nutritional Sciences; Questionnaires; Reference Values; South Africa; Urban Population; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77951854168	The impact of a 10-week physical activity intervention programme on selective metabolic syndrome markers in black adolescents	Zeelie A., Moss S.J., Kruger H.S., Van Rooyen J.M.	2009	South African Journal for Research in Sport, Physical Education and Recreation	31	1	None	School for Biokinetics, Recreation and Sport Science, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa	Zeelie, A., School for Biokinetics, Recreation and Sport Science, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Moss, S.J., School for Biokinetics, Recreation and Sport Science, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Kruger, H.S., School for Biokinetics, Recreation and Sport Science, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Van Rooyen, J.M., School for Biokinetics, Recreation and Sport Science, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa	The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a 10-week physical activity (PA) intervention on selective metabolic syndrome markers in black adolescents. All available adolescents (194 subjects), boys and girls, in the grade 9 class (15-19 years) attending a secondary school were recruited for the experimental group. A control group consisting of 57 adolescents from grade 9 of another secondary school in the same area was also recruited. The experimental group participated in a 10-week PA intervention. Body mass index (BMI), fasting insulin, fasting glucose, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), Windkessel arterial compliance (Cw), total peripheral resistance (TPR) and waist circumference were measured. After the 10-week PA intervention, adolescents from the control group had a significantly lower DBP compared to the intervention group (p=0.00005) and adolescents from the intervention group had a significantly lower SBP compared to the control group (p=0.000061). There was also a tendency towards a higher Cw and lower HOMA-IR in the intervention group compared to the control group. The findings of this study suggest that black adolescents had significantly lower SBP and a trend of lower HOMA-IR after a 10-week PA intervention.	Adolescents; Metabolic syndrome; Physical activity	None	None
WoS	WOS:000285629200014	Scaling up Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health Interventions Through Existing Government Systems? A Detailed Process Evaluation of a School-Based Intervention in Mwanza Region in the Northwest of Tanzania	Andrew, Bahati,Changalucha, John,Kimaryo, Michael,Kishamawe, Coleman,Medard, Lemmy,Obasi, Angela,Renju, Jenny R.	2011	JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH	48	1	10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.05.007	University of Liverpool	"Obasi, Angela: University of Liverpool",	Purpose: There is little evidence from the developing world of the effect of scale-up on model adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH) programmes. In this article, we document the effect of scaling up a school-based intervention (MEMA kwa Vijana) from 62 to 649 schools on the coverage and quality of implementation. Methods: Observations of 1,111 students' exercise books, 11 ASRH sessions, and 19 peer-assistant role plays were supplemented with interviews with 47 ASRH-trained teachers, to assess the coverage and quality of ASRH sessions in schools. Results: Despite various modifications, the 10-fold scale-up achieved high coverage. A total of 89% (989) of exercise books contained some MEMA kwa Vijana 2 notes. Teachers were enthusiastic and interacted well with students. Students enjoyed the sessions and scripted role plays strengthened participation. Coverage of the biological topics was higher than the psycho-social sessions. The scale-up was facilitated by the structured nature of the intervention and the examined status of some topics. However, delays in the training, teacher turnover, and a lack of incentive for teaching additional activities were barriers to implementation. Conclusions: High coverage of participatory school-based reproductive health interventions can be maintained during scale-up. However, this is likely to be associated with significant changes in programme content and delivery. A greater emphasis should be placed on improving teachers' capacity to teach more complex-skills-related activities. Future intervention scale-up should also include an increased level of supervision and may be strengthened by underpinning from national level directives and inclusion of behavioral topics in national examinations. (C) 2011 Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. All rights reserved.	ADOLESCENTS,"scaling up","school based interventions","sexual and reproductive health",COMMUNITY-RANDOMIZED-TRIAL,DESIGN,IMPACT,IMPLEMENTATION,KENYA,NEEDS,PROGRAM,QUALITY,"RURAL TANZANIA"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84922996867	Street hawking among in-school adolescents in a south-western town in Nigeria: Pattern, determinants and effects on school performance	Ijadunola M.Y., Ojo T.O., Babatunde A., Olatunji G.J., Owolabi G.K., Adewale I.A., Ifedayo I.F., Friday I.S.	2015	International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health	27	1	10.1515/ijamh-2013-0342	FWACP, Department of Community Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, P.O. Box 2064, Ile-Ife Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Community Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Department of Community Health, Obafem	Ijadunola, M.Y., FWACP, Department of Community Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, P.O. Box 2064, Ile-Ife Osun State, Nigeria; Ojo, T.O., Department of Community Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Babatunde, A., Department of Community Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Olatunji, G.J., Department of Community Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Owolabi, G.K., Department of Community Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Adewale, I.A., Department of Community Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Ifedayo, I.F., Department of Community Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Friday, I.S., Department of Community Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Street hawking is the commonest form of child labor in Nigeria. Although street hawking is very pervasive, there is the increasing need to fully understand its pattern and effects on those involved in hawking particularly adolescents who combine schooling with hawking. In Nigeria, data on the effects of street hawking on in-school adolescents are generally scanty. Therefore, the present study was undertaken in Ife Central Local Government Area (LGA) of Osun State, Nigeria to assess the pattern, determinants of street hawking among in-school adolescents and its effect on school performance. A cross-sectional study of 435 adolescents (aged 10-19) attending public secondary schools was done. Data were collected using facilitated self-administered questionnaires alongside a review of class records. Appropriate statistical analysis including multiple regression was done. Results showed mean age of respondents to be 14.6±2.1 years with prevalence of street hawking at 37.2%. Early adolescents (10-13 years) were more likely to engage in street hawking compared to their counterparts in late adolescence (aged 17-19). Female adolescents and students of trading mothers were significantly more likely to engage in street hawking. Respondents engaged in street hawking were significantly more likely to have failed the last academic term examination. The findings from this study will be useful for stakeholders as they develop policies and programmes to address the challenge of street hawking among adolescent school goers. © 2015 by De Gruyter.	Adolescents; school performance; south-western Nigeria; street-hawking	academic achievement; adolescent; adolescent behavior; adult; Article; child; child abuse; child labor; domestic violence; female; health care policy; high school; human; major clinical study; male; mother; multiple regression; Nigeria; prevalence; questionnaire; school child; statistical analysis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84866315692	Comparative Evaluation of Adolescents' Use of Public Libraries in the Nigerian States of Osun and Oyo	Bamise O.F., Oyedapo R.O.	2012	Public Library Quarterly	31	3	10.1080/01616846.2012.707110	Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria	Bamise, O.F., Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria; Oyedapo, R.O., Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria	This study compares the utilization by adolescents age 12-17 of public libraries in Osun and Oyo States in Nigeria. The study utilized interviews and a checklist as data-gathering techniques. Some 414 volunteer adolescent users were selected, with males predominating. Of the respondents, 51.7 percent were in the libraries to read their own books. Of the respondents from Oyo State Public Library, 99 percent were aware of library Internet services compared to only 22 percent from Osun State. Users specified two major problems: no good display of library materials and lack of up-to-date materials on subjects in which students were interested. The authors suggest several policy changes to improve adolescent services in the two libraries. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.	adolescent use of libraries; children's services; Nigerian libraries; student use of public libraries; youth services	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-82555193627	The effect of different cereal aphid species on the performance of two coccinellid predators	Nyaanga J.G., Kamau A.W., Pathak R.S., Tuey R.K.	2012	Journal of Entomology	9	1	10.3923fle.2012.41.49	Department of Crops, Horticulture and Soils, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Egerton, Kenya; Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, National Plant Breeding Centre, Private Bag, Njoro, Kenya	Nyaanga, J.G., Department of Crops, Horticulture and Soils, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Egerton, Kenya; Kamau, A.W., Department of Crops, Horticulture and Soils, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Egerton, Kenya; Pathak, R.S., Department of Crops, Horticulture and Soils, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Egerton, Kenya; Tuey, R.K., Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, National Plant Breeding Centre, Private Bag, Njoro, Kenya	Coccinellid beetles have been studied worldwide for integration with biological aphid control systems but their performance on different cereal aphid prey has not been investigated. A study was conducted to evaluate the relative suitability of five cereal aphid prey species; Rhopalosiphum padi, Metopolophium dirhodum, Sitobion avenae, Schizaphis graminum and Diurap his noxia on two coccinellid predators; Adonia variegata and Cheilomenes lunata. The five aphid species were separately fed to first instar larvae and newly emerged adult coccinellids in the laboratory. Development and reproduction parameters were quantified. The duration of the immature stages of C. lunata was significantly shorter (F = 1408.34; df = 5, 25; MSE = 0.3; p<0.0001) on R. padi (11.7±0.14) and longest on D. noxia (16.2±0.07). The duration for A. variegata larvae was similarly shorter (F = 8718.94; df = 5, 25; MSE = 0.1; pO.0001) on R. Padi (10.2±0.08) and longest on D. noxia (12.1±0.08). The total eggs produced were higher (F = 25648.0; df = 4, 24; MSE= 3.6; p<0.0001) when C. lunata was fed with R. padi (740.1±3.00) and lowest on D. noxia (203.0±3.23). A. variegata exhibited nearly a similar trend whereby the total eggs produced were highest (F = 4987.08; df = 4, 24; MSE = 5.5; pO.0001) on R. padi (1655.4±4.83) and lowest on D. noxia (244.2±4.69). The two predators coccinellid species C. lunata and A. variegata are deemed to be efficient predators of R. padi, M. dirhodum and S. avenae and poor on D. noxia and S. graminum. © 2012 Academic Journals Inc.	Adonia variegata; Biocontrol; Biology; Chelomenes lunata; Prey suitability	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84899413725	Evaluating the impact of improved maize varieties on food security in Rural Tanzania: Evidence from a continuous treatment approach	Kassie M., Jaleta M., Mattei A.	2014	Food Security	6	2	10.1007/s12571-014-0332-x	CIMMYT, Naiorbi, Kenya; CIMMYT, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Statistics, Informatics, Applications \G. Parenti, University of Florence, Florence, Italy	Kassie, M., CIMMYT, Naiorbi, Kenya; Jaleta, M., CIMMYT, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Mattei, A., Department of Statistics, Informatics, Applications \G. Parenti, University of Florence, Florence, Italy	This paper investigates impact heterogeneity in the adoption of improved maize varieties using data from rural Tanzania. We used a generalized propensity-score matching methodology, complemented with a parametric econometric method to check the robustness of results. We found a consistent result across models, indicating that adoption increased food security, and that the impact of adoption varied with the level of adoption. On average, an increase of one acre in the area allocated to improved maize varieties reduced the probabilities of chronic and transitory food insecurity from between 0.7 and 1.2 % and between 1.1 and 1.7 %, respectively. Policies that increase maize productivity and ease farmers' adoption constraints can ensure the allocation of more land to improved technologies and, in doing so, enhance the food security of households. © 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht and International Society for Plant Pathology.	Adoption; Africa; Continuous treatment; Food security; Impact heterogeneity; Tanzania	econometrics; food policy; food security; heterogeneity; maize; probability; rural area; technology adoption; Tanzania; Zea mays	ACIAR, Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research
Scopus	2-s2.0-78751608958	Impact of promoting sustainable agriculture in Borno (PROSAB) program on adoption of improved crop varieties in Borno State of Nigeria	Bamire S.A., Abdoulaye T., Amaza P., Tegbaru A., Alene A.D., Kamara A.Y.	2010	Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment	8	3-4 PART 1	None	Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (UTA), Oyo Road, Ibadan, Nigeria; University of Maiduguri, Bama Road, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria	Bamire, S.A., Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Abdoulaye, T., International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (UTA), Oyo Road, Ibadan, Nigeria; Amaza, P., University of Maiduguri, Bama Road, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria; Tegbaru, A., International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (UTA), Oyo Road, Ibadan, Nigeria; Alene, A.D., International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (UTA), Oyo Road, Ibadan, Nigeria; Kamara, A.Y., International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (UTA), Oyo Road, Ibadan, Nigeria	This paper evaluates the impact of the intervention of Promoting Sustainable Agriculture in Borno (PROSAB) project on the livelihoods of farming households in Borno State, Nigeria. Specifically, the paper identifies and provides information on farmers' adoption of improved crop varieties introduced by PROSAB; measures their adoption rates, and analyzes the factors that affect the probability and intensity of adoption of the crop varieties. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select respondents in three agroecological zones (AEZs) - the northern Guinea savanna (NGS), southern Guinea savanna (SGS), and the Sahelian savanna (SS), and a structured questionnaire was used to collect data on their socioeconomic characteristics and adoption parameters in the 2009 period. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Tobit regression techniques. The paper demonstrates how adoption and use decisions were significantly influenced by education, membership in associations, and yield in the NGS; yield and labor in the SGS, and age and labor in the SS, implying that these variables, and particularly yield, are important for consideration by development agencies who are interested in improving agricultural production and the livelihoods of the people.	Adoption; Agroecologies; Farming households; Impact; Improved crop varieties; Livelihoods; PROSAB; Tobit regression	adult; article; computer program; crop improvement; educational status; farming system; female; household; human; maize; major clinical study; male; Nigeria; nonhuman; peanut; plant ecology; plant yield; rice; savanna; socioeconomics; sorghum; soybean	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84941746539	Assessment of adoption and impact of rainwater harvesting technologies on rural farm household income: the case of rainwater harvesting ponds in Rwanda	Zingiro A., Okello J.J., Guthiga P.M.	2014	Environment, Development and Sustainability	16	6	10.1007/s10668-014-9527-8	University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053, Nairobi, Kenya; International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya	Zingiro, A., University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053, Nairobi, Kenya; Okello, J.J., University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053, Nairobi, Kenya; Guthiga, P.M., International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya	Rainwater harvesting is increasingly viewed as a major strategy for enhancing agricultural productivity and boosting farm income in many drought-prone areas. While this technology is being promoted in many developing countries, there is conflicting evidence in the literature about its impact on welfare of farm households. This study uses propensity score matching and discrete choice regression techniques to assess the impact of rainwater harvesting ponds on farm household income and factors that influence adoption of such technologies in Rwanda. It finds that households with rainwater harvesting ponds have significantly higher income than their counterparts of comparable observable characteristics. It further finds evidence that increase in farm income occurs via increased input use and that household size, asset endowments and participation in farmer organizations condition adoption of rainwater harvesting ponds. The study concludes that adoption of rainwater harvesting technologies has positive benefits on farm households. It discusses the policy implications that adoption of rainwater harvesting ponds presents a pathway for reducing rural poverty. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Adoption and impact; Propensity score matching; Rainwater harvesting ponds; Rwanda	adoption constraint; agricultural production; cost-benefit analysis; developing world; drought; environmental impact assessment; farmers attitude; harvesting; household income; literature review; policy approach; pond; poverty; rainwater; rural area; social conflict; sustainability; welfare impact; Rwanda	None
None	None	Impact of agricultural technology adoption on asset ownership: the case of improved cassava varieties in Nigeria	Awotide B.A., Alene A.D., Abdoulaye T., Manyong V.M.	2015	Food Security	7	6	10.1007/s12571-015-0500-7	Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria; International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Lilongwe, Malawi; International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania	Awotide, B.A., Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Alene, A.D., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria; Abdoulaye, T., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Lilongwe, Malawi; Manyong, V.M., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania	Using household survey data from a sample of about 850 households selected from six States in south-west Nigeria, this paper analyses the effects of the adoption of improved cassava varieties (ICVs) on asset ownership among smallholder farmers. The results of the linear regression with endogenous treatment effects showed that adoption of ICVs is positively related to asset ownership. The results further showed that ICVs had greater impact on asset ownership among female-headed households. The impact analysis using propensity score matching (PSM) showed a significant and positive effect of adoption of ICVs on asset ownership and a negative effect on asset poverty. The empirical results suggest that improved agricultural technologies can play a key role in strengthening asset ownership of smallholder farmers for increased agricultural productivity and income generation. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht and International Society for Plant Pathology.	Adoption; Assets; Cassava; Farmer; Impact; Nigeria; Poverty; PSM	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77951678075	Comparative performance of direct seeding and transplanting green maize under farmer management in small scale irrigation: A case study of Zanyokwe, Eastern Cape, South Africa	Fanadzo M., Chiduza C., Mnkeni P.N.S.	2010	African Journal of Agricultural Research	5	7	None	Department of Agronomy, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa	Fanadzo, M., Department of Agronomy, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; Chiduza, C., Department of Agronomy, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; Mnkeni, P.N.S., Department of Agronomy, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa	An on-farm experiment was conducted at Zanyokwe irrigation scheme (ZIS) in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa (SA) to evaluate comparative performance of direct seeded and transplanted green maize under farmer management. Results indicated that the mean labour requirements for establishment were 212 h ha-1 with transplanting and 1.9 h ha-1 with direct seeding. Crop stand significantly increased from 48 to 97% when maize was transplanted rather than directly seeded. Variable costs were R5 462 and R1 896 ha-1 for transplanted and directly seeded maize, respectively. The corresponding net benefits were R15 005 and R6 232 ha-1, respectively. All farmers were in favour of transplanting, citing bigger cobs, early maturity and the absence of bird damage with transplanted maize, and this was supported by results of statistical analysis. A follow-up survey conducted during the subsequent summer growing season indicated that of the six farmers, only one continued with transplanting. The results suggest that although transplanting might be a better alternative to direct seeding for the study area, the technology is unlikely to succeed unless the labour intensiveness of manual transplanting can be solved. © 2010 Academic Journals.	Adoption; Crop stand; Direct seeding; Economics; Farmer management; Green maize; Transplanting	Aves; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84942134689	The impact of customer demographic variables on the adoption and use of internet banking in developing economies	Ameme B.K.	2015	Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce	20	2	10.4172/1204-5357.1000114	Information Communication and Technology Management, Ghana Technology University College, Accra, Ghana	Ameme, B.K., Information Communication and Technology Management, Ghana Technology University College, Accra, Ghana	Whilst most banks introduced internet banking services for the benefit of their customers, the adoption and use of the service had been very low. Strategies to increase the adoption and use of internet banking services eventually lead to the banks’ goal of maximizing profit. It is therefore essential for banks to understand the factors that affect the adoption of internet banking services. The purpose of this paper is to determine demographic factors that influence the adoption of internet banking services in a bid to improving the situation. Due to the limitations in accessing the population of developing economies, a sample of one bank was selected from a developing nation, Ghana. Ghana was strategically chosen due to the high internet penetration rate. Out of 506,203 customers of the chosen bank, only 32,337 customers who subscribed to the internet banking services were used for data analysis. 31, 886 representing 98.61% of internet banking customers were resident in Ghana whilst the remaining 451 representing 1.39% were non-residents, suggesting that the data for analysis represented the behavior of Ghanaians as citizens of developing economies, though the restriction to just one bank may limit the generalization of the findings. Chi-square techniques were employed in the study, using historical data of over eight years. The findings of the study revealed that demographic factors such as gender do not have significant effect on customers in adopting and using internet banking services. The study further concluded that there is a strong correlation between employment status, educational level and customer adoption and usage of internet banking services in Ghana. These findings will help banks to develop appropriate strategies in attracting and retaining their customers, through the design of specific marketing campaigns geared towards certain category of internet banking customers who are likely to adopt and use internet banking services. © 2015 Ameme BK.	Adoption; Demographic; Internet banking; Security	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77954135417	What impact are EU supermarket standards having on developing countries' export of high-value horticultural products? Evidence from Kenya	Asfaw S., Mithöfer D., Waibel H.	2010	Journal of International Food and Agribusiness Marketing	22	3	10.1080/08974431003641398	International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), PO Box 39063-00623, Nairobi, Kenya; World Agro-Forestry Centre, Nairobi, Kenya; Leibniz University of Hannover, Hannover, Germany	Asfaw, S., International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), PO Box 39063-00623, Nairobi, Kenya; Mithöfer, D., World Agro-Forestry Centre, Nairobi, Kenya; Waibel, H., Leibniz University of Hannover, Hannover, Germany	European Union retailers are setting global benchmarks for the production of fresh food and are asking their suppliers for produce to be certified according to food safety and quality standards. Compliance with these standards for developing countries' small-scale producers entails costly investment in variable inputs and longterm structures. Limited empirical evidence exists either to refute or confirm the concern that the proliferation and enhanced stringency of these standards marginalize smallholders from the global market. This paper therefore explores the costs of compliance, factors explaining the smallholder decision to adopt EU private quality standards, and the impacts of the standards on farm financial performance. We develop a 2-stage standard treatment effect model to account for self-selection as a source of endogeneity. Analysis is based on a random cross section sample of 439 small-scale export vegetable producers in Kenya whose production was monitored in 2005-2006. We demonstrate that adopters and nonadopters are distinguishable by their asset holding and household wealth, access to services, labor endowment, and level of education. Once we control for the endogeneity problem, we find that small-scale producers can benefit substantially from adopting the standards at the farm level. © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.	Adoption; EurepGAP standards; Export vegetables; Impact assessment; Kenya	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892643257	Regulatory reform of seed systems: Benefits and impacts from a mungbean case study in Nepal	Joshi K.D., Khanal N.P., Harris D., Khanal N.N., Sapkota A., Khadka K., Darai R., Neupane R.K., Joshi M., Witcombe J.R.	2014	Field Crops Research	158	None	10.1016/j.fcr.2013.12.011	Centre for Advanced Research in International Agricultural Development (CARIAD), C/o CIMMYT South Asia Regional Office, P. O. Box 5186, Kathmandu, Nepal; Forum for Rural Welfare and Agriculture Reform for Development (FORWARD), P.O. Box 11, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal; CARIAD, Bangor University, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, United Kingdom; Local Initiatives for Biodiversity, Research and Development (LI-BIRD), P.O. Box 324, Pokhara, Kaski, Nepal; National Grain Legume Research Programme (NGLRP), Nepal Agriculture Research Council (NARC), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal; Social Upliftment through Participatory Programmes, Research and Training (SUPPORT) Foundation, P.O. Box 24, Mahendranagar, Kanchanpur, Nepal; International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Trop-ics, PO Box 39063, Nairobi, Kenya; FORWARD, Chitwan, Nepal; Department of Agriculture Development, Regional AgricultureTraining Centre, Sundarpur, Kanchanpur, Nepal; CIMMYT-Pakistan, NARC-Park Road, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan	Joshi, K.D., Centre for Advanced Research in International Agricultural Development (CARIAD), C/o CIMMYT South Asia Regional Office, P. O. Box 5186, Kathmandu, Nepal, CIMMYT-Pakistan, NARC-Park Road, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; Khanal, N.P., Forum for Rural Welfare and Agriculture Reform for Development (FORWARD), P.O. Box 11, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal; Harris, D., CARIAD, Bangor University, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, United Kingdom, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Trop-ics, PO Box 39063, Nairobi, Kenya; Khanal, N.N., Forum for Rural Welfare and Agriculture Reform for Development (FORWARD), P.O. Box 11, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal; Sapkota, A., Forum for Rural Welfare and Agriculture Reform for Development (FORWARD), P.O. Box 11, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal; Khadka, K., Local Initiatives for Biodiversity, Research and Development (LI-BIRD), P.O. Box 324, Pokhara, Kaski, Nepal; Darai, R., National Grain Legume Research Programme (NGLRP), Nepal Agriculture Research Council (NARC), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal; Neupane, R.K., National Grain Legume Research Programme (NGLRP), Nepal Agriculture Research Council (NARC), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal, FORWARD, Chitwan, Nepal; Joshi, M., Social Upliftment through Participatory Programmes, Research and Training (SUPPORT) Foundation, P.O. Box 24, Mahendranagar, Kanchanpur, Nepal, Department of Agriculture Development, Regional AgricultureTraining Centre, Sundarpur, Kanchanpur, Nepal; Witcombe, J.R., CARIAD, Bangor University, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, United Kingdom	Mungbean (Vigna radiata (L). Wilczek) is becoming an important grain legume in Nepal. It can be grown as an additional crop after harvesting winter crops such as winter wheat, winter legumes and oilseeds and before planting main season rice from the low-altitude Terai through to the middle hills of Nepal. Replacing short fallows in the spring, it provides additional high quality food, enhances soil fertility and increases the yield of the following crop.In spite of continued varietal research by the National Grain Legume Research Programme, no mungbean varieties were released from 1975 to 2006. The old variety, Pusa Baishakhi, was released in 1975, but became susceptible to Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus (MYMV) and several other diseases so mungbean became limited to a rarely grown, green manure crop. In 2003, we introduced four mungbean varieties resistant to MYMV from the Asian Vegetable Research and Development Centre. These were evaluated in participatory varietal selection (PVS) mother and baby trials in low fertility and droughted conditions using farmers' levels of inputs and management. Variety spread was promoted by distributing free small seed samples in a process known as Informal Research and Development (IRD); and community-based seed production and marketing. Of the four varieties, NM94 and VC6372 consistently produced higher grain yields than the local check varieties, were resistant to MYMV and hence were preferred by farmers. The Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives endorsed a new variety release procedure in 2005 that permitted the use of data from PVS trials to support the release or registration of new crop varieties. In 2006, on the basis of data generated from PVS trials alone, the National Seed Board released NM94 as 'Kalyan' while, on the basis of combined data from the PVS trials and from on-station trials, VC6372 (45-8-1) was released as 'Prateeksha'. The use of PVS contributed greatly to fast-tracking the release process and this resulted in farmers getting new MYMV-resistant mungbean varieties more quickly. Varieties spread rapidly through IRD and farmer-to-farmer seed networks and provided benefits to farming households. Regulatory reforms to speed up and simplify the process of varietal release are discussed. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.	Adoption; Fast-tracking varietal release; Food security; Irrigation; Participatory trials; Replacing fallow land	agricultural management; crop yield; food quality; food security; high yielding variety; irrigation; legume; participatory approach; research program; seed; soil fertility; Nepal	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84924346211	Impact of NERICA adoption on incomes of rice-producing households in Northern Ghana	Wiredu A.N., Asante B.O., Martey E., Diagne A., Dogbe W.	2014	Journal of Sustainable Development	7	1	10.5539/jsd.v7n1p167	CSIR-Savanna Agricultural Research Institute, Nyankpala, Ghana; Rural Development Theory and Policy, Institute of Agricultural Economics and Social Sciences in Tropics and Subtropics, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany; CSIR-Crops Research Institute, Ghana; UNE Business School, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia; Africa Rice Centre (AfricaRice), Cotonou, Benin	Wiredu, A.N., CSIR-Savanna Agricultural Research Institute, Nyankpala, Ghana, Rural Development Theory and Policy, Institute of Agricultural Economics and Social Sciences in Tropics and Subtropics, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany; Asante, B.O., CSIR-Crops Research Institute, Ghana, UNE Business School, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia; Martey, E., CSIR-Savanna Agricultural Research Institute, Nyankpala, Ghana; Diagne, A., Africa Rice Centre (AfricaRice), Cotonou, Benin; Dogbe, W., CSIR-Savanna Agricultural Research Institute, Nyankpala, Ghana	The Multinational NERICA Rice Dissemination Project in Ghana promoted the adoption of NERICA varieties and complementary technologies. NERICA adoption was expected to increase rice production and the incomes of beneficiary households. This study assessed the impact of NERICA adoption on the incomes of rice-producing households in northern Ghana. With data from a cross-section of 150 systematically selected rice-producing households, the study revealed 36.7% adoption rate. Agriculture and rice production were the most important livelihood activities as they contributed 80% and 55.09% of total household income respectively. To control for endogeneity, the study used the local average treatment effect (LATE) estimation methodology and showed that NERICA adoption significantly increased rice income, agricultural income, per-capita income and total annual income by $196.52, $446.37, $0.44 and $498.44, respectively. The major recommendation from this study is the need to continue the promotion of the NERICA varieties by creating access to seeds of the varieties together with other productivity enhancing technologies. Efforts should be focused on the provision of marketing and roads infrastructure to induce access to input and product markets.	Adoption; Ghana; Impact; Income; Late; Nerica	None	CSIR, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
Scopus	2-s2.0-68949113614	Improved rice variety adoption and its welfare impact on rural farming households in akwa ibom state of Nigeria	Joshua Udoh E., Titus Omonona B.	2008	Journal of New Seeds	9	2	10.1080/15228860802087305	Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria; Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Joshua Udoh, E., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria; Titus Omonona, B., Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	In this study cross-sectional data from 200 rice farmers were used to examine the various factors that influence the adoption of improved rice varieties distributed by the State Agricultural Development Programme (AKADEP) and its welfare impact on the farmers. The Foster, Greer and Thorbecke (FGT) class of measures was used to determine the incidence, the depth and severity of poverty among rice farming households who are adopters and non-adopters of improved rice varieties. The incidence, depth, and severity of poverty were higher among households who were non-adopters of improved rice varieties. The Tobit regression model was used to determine the factors that affect adoption and poverty. Educational attainment, access to extension agents, access to credit, access to augmented inputs, farm size, and crop yield were significant determinants of adoption of improved rice varieties. The results of the determinants of household poverty revealed that age, educational attainment, extent of commercialization and probability of adoption negatively influenced household poverty, whereas household size exerted a positive impact on the household poverty levels. The negative impact of adoption of improved rice varieties on household poverty implicitly showed improvement in households'; welfare that had adopted improved rice varieties. These results generally suggest the relevance of adoption of improved rice varieties in improving the welfare of rice farming households. It also suggests relevance of human capital indices like education and extension services as drivers of poverty alleviation and dissemination of new innovations to farming households.	Adoption; Improved rice varieties; Nigeria; Rural farming household; Welfare	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84902263667	Impact of castration on changes in left ventricular diastolic pressure-volume relations induced by chronic adrenergic stimulation in rats	Hodson B., Woodiwiss A.J., Norton G.R., Michel F.S.	2014	Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology	63	6	10.1097/FJC.0000000000000081	School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Rd, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa	Hodson, B., School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Rd, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; Woodiwiss, A.J., School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Rd, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; Norton, G.R., School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Rd, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; Michel, F.S., School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Rd, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa	A reduced testosterone concentration characterizes heart failure and independently predicts outcomes. Although testosterone replacement therapy may have non cardiac-related therapeutic benefits in heart failure, whether reduced testosterone concentrations protect against adverse left ventricular remodeling (LV dilatation) is uncertain. We therefore evaluated whether surgical castration modifies LV dilatation after 6 months of daily injections of the β-adrenergic receptor (AR) agonist, isoproterenol (ISO) (0.015 mg·kg·d), to rats. The extent of LV dilatation and LV systolic chamber dysfunction were determined using both echocardiography and isolated perfused heart procedures. The extent of LV dilatation was determined from LV diastolic pressure-volume (P-V) relationships. As compared with the saline vehicle-treated group, after 6 months of β-AR activation in sham-castrated rats, a marked right shift in the LV diastolic P-V relationship was noted with an increased LV volume intercept at 0 mm Hg diastolic pressure (LV V0 in milliliters) (ISO = 0.38 ± 0.02, saline vehicle = 0.30 ± 0.02, P < 0.05). However, chronic β-AR activation did not alter LV systolic chamber function either in vivo (LV endocardial fractional shortening, echocardiography) or ex vivo (LV end systolic elastance). Although castration decreased body weight, castration failed to modify the impact of ISO on the LV diastolic P-V relationships or the LV volume intercept at 0 mm Hg diastolic pressure (LV V0 in milliliters) (castration ISO = 0.35 ± 0.02, castration saline vehicle = 0.27 ± 0.03, P < 0.05). In conclusion, castration does not influence the extent of LV dilatation induced by chronic adrenergic activation in an animal model, where adverse LV remodeling precedes LV systolic chamber dysfunction. Copyright © 2014 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.	Adrenergic stimulation; Castration; Left ventricular dilatation	isoprenaline; sodium chloride; beta adrenergic receptor stimulating agent; adrenergic stimulation; animal experiment; animal model; article; body weight; castration; compliance (physical); controlled study; diastolic blood pressure; echocardiography; endocardium; ex vivo study; heart dilatation; heart left ventricle diastolic pressure; heart left ventricle diastolic volume; heart left ventricle endsystolic volume; heart ventricle remodeling; heart volume; in vivo study; left ventricular systolic dysfunction; male; nonhuman; priority journal; rat; weight reduction; animal; blood pressure; chemically induced; drug effects; heart left ventricle function; orchiectomy; pathophysiology; physiology; Sprague Dawley rat; toxicity; Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Animals; Blood Pressure; Male; Orchiectomy; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left; Ventricular Remodeling	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34047112435	Rat strain-related differences in myocardial adrenergic tone and the impact on cardiac fibrosis, adrenergic responsiveness and myocardial structure and function	Osadchii O., Norton G., Deftereos D., Woodiwiss A.	2007	Pharmacological Research	55	4	10.1016/j.phrs.2006.12.005	Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Osadchii, O., Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Norton, G., Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Deftereos, D., Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Woodiwiss, A., Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats have been reported to have a higher sympathetic activity than Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. In the present study we sought to determine if these rat strain-related differences in sympathetic activity exist at a myocardial level and whether they translate into changes in cardiac fibrosis, contractile responsiveness to adrenergic agonists, and cardiac structure and function. Coronary effluent noradrenaline concentrations, as determined in isolated, perfused heart preparations, were higher in 5-month-old SD as compared to age-matched WKY male rats. This difference was accompanied by higher resting heart rates in SD rats as assessed in vivo. However, increases in myocardial noradrenaline release in SD rats did not translate into enhanced myocardial fibrosis, cardiac hypertrophy or remodeling, changes in basal ventricular systolic and diastolic function, or to down-regulation of inotropic responses to the β-adrenoreceptor agonists, noradrenaline, isoproterenol and dobutamine. Although age-matched male SD rats were heavier, no differences in absolute heart weights were noted between rat strains. Moreover, left ventricular (LV) posterior wall thickness as assessed by echocardiography, as well as cardiac myocyte dimensions as determined by laser scanning confocal microscopy were similar between rat strains. Furthermore, LV internal diameters as determined in vivo, as well as LV diastolic volume intercept determined in isolated, perfused heart preparations were similar between rat strains. Increases in myocardial noradrenaline release in SD rats also did not translate into differences in LV systolic chamber and myocardial function as assessed in vivo (LV endocardial and midwall fractional shortening) and at controlled loads and heart rates ex vivo (the slope of the LV developed pressure-volume relation determined). Likewise, neither myocardial hydroxyproline content nor LV chamber stiffness as assessed by the slope of the LV end-diastolic pressure-volume relation were different in SD and WKY rats. In conclusion, rat strain-related differences in cardiac adrenergic tone do indeed exist, but in young animals these differences do not translate into cardiac phenotypes known to contribute to progressive cardiac dysfunction. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Adrenergic tone; Contractile function; Sprague-Dawley rats; Wistar-Kyoto rats	beta adrenergic receptor stimulating agent; dobutamine; isoprenaline; noradrenalin; adrenergic activity; animal experiment; animal tissue; article; confocal microscopy; controlled study; diastole; echocardiography; heart contraction; heart disease; heart function; heart left ventricle wall; heart muscle contractility; heart muscle dp-dt; heart muscle fibrosis; heart perfusion; heart rate; image analysis; isolated heart; laser microscopy; nonhuman; noradrenalin release; pressure volume curve; priority journal; rat; Sprague Dawley rat; strain difference; systole; thickness; Wistar Kyoto rat; Adrenergic Agonists; Animals; Blood Pressure; Cell Size; Diastole; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Heart; Heart Rate; Heart Ventricles; Hydroxyproline; Male; Myocardial Contraction; Myocardium; Myocytes, Cardiac; Norepinephrine; Organ Size; Phenotype; Rats; Rats, Inbred WKY; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Species Specificity; Sympathetic Nervous System; Systole; Ventricular Function, Left; Ventricular Remodeling	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-61749090431	The performance analysis of a solid adsorption solar refrigerator during collector cool-down and refrigerant evaporation/re-adsorption phases	Ogueke N.V., Anyanwu E.E.	2009	Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering	223	1	10.1243/09544089JPME217	Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 1526, Owerri, Nigeria	Ogueke, N.V., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 1526, Owerri, Nigeria; Anyanwu, E.E., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 1526, Owerri, Nigeria	Performance analysis of a solid adsorption solar refrigerator during the collector cool-down and refrigerant evaporation/re-adsorption phases is presented. The effects of the condenser pressure, evaporator pressure, and initial adsorbate concentration on the collector cool-down and refrigerant evaporation/re-adsorption were tested. The adsorbate concentration re-adsorbed increased from 55 to 98 per cent when the initial adsorbate concentration was dropped from 0.29 to 0.21 kg/kg, while the mass of ice produced increased from 0 kg of ice/kg of adsorbent to 0.4 kg of ice/kg of adsorbent for the same range of variation of initial adsorbate concentration. © IMechE 2009.	Adsorbate; Adsorption; Cool-down; Refrigeration; Solar	Adsorbates; Capillary tubes; Concentration (process); Refrigerants; Refrigerators; Solar refrigeration; Surface structure; Adsorbate concentrations; Adsorption phasis; Condenser pressures; Cool-down; Evaporator pressures; Performance analysis; Solar; Solid adsorptions; Adsorption	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-57549115964	Evaluation and treatment of coal fly ash for adsorption application	Bada S.O., Potgieter-Vermaak S.	2008	Leonardo Electronic Journal of Practices and Technologies	7	12	None	School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, P/Bag X3 Wits, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa	Bada, S.O., School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, P/Bag X3 Wits, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa; Potgieter-Vermaak, S., School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, P/Bag X3 Wits, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa	Many researchers had investigated fly ash as an adsorbent for the uptake of organic compounds from petrochemical waste effluents. The availability, inexpensive and its adsorption characteristic had made it an alternative media for the removal of organic compounds from aqueous solution. The physical property of South African Coal Fly Ash (SACFA) was investigated to determine its adsorption capability and how it can be improved. Chemical treatment using 1M HCl solution in the ratio of (1 g) fly ash to (2 ml) of acid was used and compared with untreated heat-treated samples. The chemically treated fly ash has a higher specific surface area of 5.4116 m2/g than the heat-treated fly ash with 2.9969 m2/g. More attention had to be given to the utilization of SACFA for the treatment of wastewaters containing organic compounds through the application of Liquid phase adsorption process that was considered as an inexpensive and environmentally friendly technology.	Adsorbent; Adsorption capacity; Characterization; Fly ash	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897498406	Composite nanofibers prepared from metallic iron nanoparticles and polyaniline: High performance for water treatment applications	Bhaumik M., Choi H.J., McCrindle R.I., Maity A.	2014	Journal of Colloid and Interface Science	425	None	10.1016/j.jcis.2014.03.031	Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, South Korea; Smart Polymers Group, Polymers and Composites, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Civil and Chemical Engineering, University of South Africa (UNISA), South Africa	Bhaumik, M., Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, South Africa; Choi, H.J., Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, South Korea; McCrindle, R.I., Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, South Africa; Maity, A., Smart Polymers Group, Polymers and Composites, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria, South Africa, Department of Civil and Chemical Engineering, University of South Africa (UNISA), South Africa	Presented here is a simple preparation of metallic iron nanoparticles, supported on polyaniline nanofibers at room temperature. The preparation is based on polymerization of interconnected nanofibers by rapid mixing of the aniline monomer with Fe(III) chloride as the oxidant, followed by reductive deposition of Fe0 nanoparticles, using the polymerization by-products as the Fe precursor. The morphology and other physico-chemical properties of the resulting composite were characterized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and vibrating-sample magnetometry. The composite fibers were 80-150nm in diameter and exhibited the expected ferromagnetic behavior. The composite rapidly and efficiently removed As(V), Cr(VI), and also Congo red dye, from aqueous solutions suggesting their usefulness for removal of toxic materials from wastewater. The composite fibers have high capacity for toxin removal: 42.37mg/g of As(V), 434.78mg/g of Cr(VI), and 243.9mg/g of Congo red. The fibers are easily recovered from fluids by exploiting their ferromagnetic properties. © 2014 Elsevier Inc.	Adsorption; Arsenic(V); Chromium(VI); Composites; Congo red; Isotherm; Kinetics; Nanofibers; Polyaniline	Adsorption; Azo dyes; Chlorine compounds; Chromium compounds; Composite materials; Enzyme kinetics; Ferromagnetic materials; Ferromagnetism; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Isotherms; Nanoparticles; Photoelectrons; Polyaniline; Polymerization; Toxic materials; Transmission electron microscopy; X ray diffraction; X ray photoelectron spectroscopy; Arsenic (v); Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method; Congo red; Ferromagnetic behaviors; Ferromagnetic properties; Physicochemical property; Scanning and transmission electron microscopy; Vibrating sample magnetometry; Nanofibers; aniline; arsenic; chromium; congo red; ferrous chloride; iron; monomer; nanofiber; nanoparticle; oxygen; polyaniline; adsorption; aqueous solution; article; decolorization; infrared spectroscopy; isoelectric point; magnetometry; moisture; oxidation; pH; physical chemistry; polymerization; priority journal; reaction time; room temperature; scanning electron microscopy; surface property; transmission electron microscopy; water treatment; X ray diffraction; X ray photoelectron spectroscopy; Adsorption; Azo Compounds; Chlorine Compounds; Chromium Compounds; Dyes; Fourier Analysis; Infrared Spectroscopy; Isotherms; Magnetic Materials; Photoelectrons; Polymerization; Transmission Electron Microscopy; X Ray Diffraction	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84865522079	EVALUATION OF THE HEAVY METAL IMMOBILIZATION POTENTIAL OF PINE BARK-BASED COMPOSTS	Gichangi E.M., Mnkeni P.N.S., Muchaonyerwa P.	2012	Journal of Plant Nutrition	35	12	10.1080/01904167.2012.706681	Department of Agronomy, University of Fort Hare, PB X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa	Gichangi, E.M., Department of Agronomy, University of Fort Hare, PB X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; Mnkeni, P.N.S., Department of Agronomy, University of Fort Hare, PB X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; Muchaonyerwa, P., Department of Agronomy, University of Fort Hare, PB X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa	Composts have the potential for remediating heavy metal-contaminated soils. This sorption study investigated the potential of composted pine bark (PB) and its co-composts with goat manure (PBG) and sewage sludge (PBS) to immobilize lead [Pb (II)], copper [Cu (II)], zinc [Zn (II)] and nickel [Ni (II)]. The Langmuir maximum sorption capacity (qmax) of the composts followed the order PBG ≫ PBS &gt; PB for the tested metal ions. The qmax values of PBG compost followed the order Cu (II) &gt; Pb (II) &gt; Zn (II) &gt; Ni (II) whereas for PB and PBS composts they followed the order Pb (II) &gt; Cu (II) &gt; Zn (II) &gt; Ni (II). Increasing solution pH improved the Cu and Zn retention capacities of the acidic PB and PBS composts but had no effect on the nearly neutral PBG compost. Thus, the PBG compost had better metal immobilization capacity than the PB and PBS composts, which may require liming to improve their effectiveness. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.	adsorption; bioavailability; heavy metals; immobilization; pine bark composts	Capra hircus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84935913145	Gum ghatti and poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) based biodegradable hydrogel-evaluation of the flocculation and adsorption properties	Mittal H., Maity A., Ray S.S.	2015	Polymer Degradation and Stability	120	None	10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.06.008	Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa; DST/CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa	Mittal, H., Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa, DST/CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa; Maity, A., Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa, DST/CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa; Ray, S.S., Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa, DST/CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa	The main aim of this study was to develop a biodegradable flocculent and adsorbent based on the graft co-polymer of the Gum ghatti (Gg) with the co-polymer mixture of acrylamide (AAM) and acrylic acid (AA) using the microwave assisted graft co-polymerization technique. The synthesized hydrogels were characterized using thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy techniques. The swelling capacity of the synthesized hydrogel was studied in the double distilled water and it showed the maximum swelling capacity of 2547% at 50 °C. Moreover, the hydrogel polymer was employed for the selective removal of saline water from different petroleum fraction-saline emulsions. The flocculation characteristics of the synthesized hydrogel were investigated in clay suspension and the maximum flocculation efficiency was observed in the acidic clay suspension with 20 mg l-1 polymer dose. Furthermore, the synthesized hydrogel polymer was also employed for the successful removal of cationic dyes from the aqueous solutions and it was found to adsorb 96% of malachite green and 99% of methyl violet. Finally, the hydrogel polymer was subjected to biodegradation using the composting method and 91.77% degradation was achieved after 60 days. In summary, the biodegradable Gg-cl-P(AAM-co-AA) hydrogel have demonstrated potential for its use as flocculants and absorbents. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Adsorption; Biodegradation; Flocculation; Gum ghatti; Hydrogel polymer	Acrylic monomers; Adsorption; Amides; Ascorbic acid; Biodegradable polymers; Biodegradation; Carboxylic acids; Copolymers; Dyes; Flocculation; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Grafting (chemical); Microbiology; Organic acids; Polymers; Saline water; Scanning electron microscopy; Stripping (dyes); Suspended sediments; Suspensions (fluids); Thermogravimetric analysis; Adsorption properties; Biodegradable hydrogels; Double distilled water; Flocculation efficiency; Graft co polymerizations; Gum ghatti; Hydrogel polymers; Swelling capacities; Hydrogels	HGERAOZ, CSIR, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research
Scopus	2-s2.0-84942365769	Successful scale-up performance of a novel papaya-clay combo adsorbent: up-flow adsorption of a basic dye	Unuabonah E.I., Adedapo A.O., Nnamdi C.O., Adewuyi A., Omorogie M.O., Adebowale K.O., Olu-Owolabi B.I., Ofomaja A.E., Taubert A.	2015	Desalination and Water Treatment	56	2	10.1080/19443994.2014.944572	Environmental and Chemical Processes Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Sciences, Redeemer’s University, Mowe, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Biosorption and Water Treatment Research Laborator	Unuabonah, E.I., Environmental and Chemical Processes Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Sciences, Redeemer’s University, Mowe, Ogun State, Nigeria; Adedapo, A.O., Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Nnamdi, C.O., Environmental and Chemical Processes Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Sciences, Redeemer’s University, Mowe, Ogun State, Nigeria; Adewuyi, A., Environmental and Chemical Processes Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Sciences, Redeemer’s University, Mowe, Ogun State, Nigeria; Omorogie, M.O., Environmental and Chemical Processes Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Sciences, Redeemer’s University, Mowe, Ogun State, Nigeria; Adebowale, K.O., Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Olu-Owolabi, B.I., Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Ofomaja, A.E., Biosorption and Water Treatment Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Vaal University of Technology, P. Bag X021, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa; Taubert, A., Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Golm, Germany	Abstract: A novel low-cost papaya-clay combo adsorbent, hybrid clay (HYCA), was prepared from a combination of Carica papaya seeds and Kaolinite clay. HYCA breakthrough adsorption capacity was 35.46 mg/g for the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) dye in a pilot-scale fixed-bed reactor. In ca. 20 min, regeneration of MB dye-loaded HYCA reached at least 90% each cycle for five regeneration cycles. However, above 40°C, the HYCA adsorbent lost more than 50% of its adsorption capacity after five regeneration cycles. The AdDesignSTM software was used to successfully predict the breakthrough curve and scale-up performance of MB dye adsorption onto the HYCA adsorbent. The pore and surface diffusion model (PSDM) described experimental data better than the constant pattern homogeneous surface diffusion model. From economic assessment using the PSDM, the AdDesignSTM software predicted that 1 kg of HYCA can effectively treat 1.45 m3 (0.29 m3 each cycle) of water containing 1 mg/L of MB dye (with a treatment objective of 50 μg/L MB dye) in effluent solution in 9 h 35 min with run time of ca. 15 h in a day including time for five regeneration cycles It was further predicted that the presence of other organic pollutants in low concentrations reduce the breakthrough adsorption capacity of HYCA by 10%. Finally, the cost of preparing 1 kg of HYCA adsorbent was calculated to ≈$6.31 vs. ≈$31.25/kg for medium quality commercial activated carbon. © 2014 Balaban Desalination Publications. All rights reserved.	Adsorption; Breakthrough; Cationic dye; Hybrid clay; Methylene blue; Pore and surface diffusion model; Regeneration	adsorption; breakthrough curve; diffusion; dye; kaolinite; organic pollutant; water treatment; Carica papaya	TWAS, Academy of Sciences for the Developing World; 3240245996, UNESCO, Academy of Sciences for the Developing World
Scopus	2-s2.0-84860530386	Fluoride removal performance of phosphoric acid treated lime: Breakthrough analysis and point-of-use system performance	Murutu C., Onyango M.S., Ochieng A., Otieno F.A.O.	2012	Water SA	38	2	10.4314/wsa.v38i2.14	Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Chemical Engineering, Vaal University of Technology, South Africa; Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa	Murutu, C., Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, South Africa; Onyango, M.S., Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, South Africa; Ochieng, A., Department of Chemical Engineering, Vaal University of Technology, South Africa; Otieno, F.A.O., Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa	Fluoride in drinking water above permissible levels is responsible for dental and skeletal fluorosis. In this study, removal of fluoride ions from water using phosphoric acid treated lime was investigated in continuous and point-of-use system operations. In the continuous column operations, fluoride removal performance was investigated as a function of the fluoride concentration, flow rate and amount of adsorbent mass. Early saturation and lower fluoride removal were observed at higher flow rate and initial concentration, and at lower mass. Two domestic defluoridation point-of-use systems operated intermittently to process 20 ℓ·day-1 of water were used. High fluoride uptake capacity (FUC) from groundwater was observed depicting the suitability of the new media in defluoridation. However, further research is required to optimise the point-ofuse systems performances.	Adsorption; Breakthrough; Fluoride; Lime	Breakthrough; Breakthrough analysis; Column operations; Defluoridation; Fluoride; Fluoride concentrations; Fluoride ion; Fluoride removal; Initial concentration; New media; Point-of-use; System operation; Systems performance; Uptake capacity; Adsorption; Flow rate; Groundwater; Lime; Water treatment; Phosphoric acid; adsorption; drinking water; fluoride; inorganic acid; lime; mineral; performance assessment; public health; water treatment	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-43049133208	The effect of pH and anoxia on the performance of Phoslock®, a phosphorus binding clay	Ross G., Haghseresht F., Cloete T.E.	2008	Harmful Algae	7	4	10.1016/j.hal.2007.12.007	Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; ARC Centre for Functional Nanomaterials, School of Engineering, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia	Ross, G., Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Haghseresht, F., ARC Centre for Functional Nanomaterials, School of Engineering, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Cloete, T.E., Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa	This study examined the adsorption of phosphate by Phoslock, a lanthanum modified clay, by investigating the effect of solution pH and presence of algal mass on its kinetic behavior. In addition, the effect of anoxic conditions on its ability to retain the adsorbed phosphate was studied. It was found that Phoslok® was most effective at pH values between 5 and 7, and the adsorption capacity decreased above pH 9. The adsorption capacity was lower in algae-containing lake water than in prepared reverse osmosis water solutions. The phosphorus was not released from the Phoslock® under anoxic conditions. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Adsorption capacity; Anoxia; Kinetics; pH; Phoslock®	algae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84931281448	Evaluation of N-terminated siloxanes grafted onto lignocellulose as adsorbent for the removal of phenol red from water	Vala R.M.K., Tichagwa L., Dikio E.D.	2015	International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology	12	8	10.1007/s13762-014-0679-8	Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, Eastern Cape, South Africa; Applied Chemistry and Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Vaal University of Technology, P. O. Box X021, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa	Vala, R.M.K., Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, Eastern Cape, South Africa, Applied Chemistry and Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Vaal University of Technology, P. O. Box X021, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa; Tichagwa, L., Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, Eastern Cape, South Africa; Dikio, E.D., Applied Chemistry and Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Vaal University of Technology, P. O. Box X021, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa	This study reports the chemical modification of lignocellulose (from Kikuyu grass) with N-terminated siloxanes and its utilisation as adsorbent for the removal of phenol red from aqueous media. The stability of the bond between lignocellulose and siloxane was assessed after Soxhlet extraction of unreacted siloxanes in tetrahydrofuran for 5 h, as well as soaking the materials in water for 24 h. Adsorption tests showed the prepared materials to be good candidate for the removal of phenol red (dye) from water, with adsorption capacity from 1.454 to 3.312 mg of phenol red adsorbed per gram of adsorbent. The kinetics of adsorption was found to follow a pseudo-second-order equation indicating chemisorption rather than simple forces of association. The linearised form of adsorption isotherms matched with the Langmuir model. © 2014, Islamic Azad University (IAU).	Adsorption; Chemical modification; Isotherms; Kinetics; Lignocellulose; N-terminated siloxane; Phenol red	Adsorbents; Adsorption; Cellulose; Chemical modification; Driers (materials); Dyes; Enzyme kinetics; Isotherms; Lignin; Phenols; Silicon compounds; Adsorption capacities; Adsorption tests; Langmuir models; Lignocellulose; Phenol red; Pseudo-second-order equations; Soxhlet extraction; Tetra-hydrofuran; Chemicals removal (water treatment); adsorption; aqueous solution; cellulose; chemical alteration; chemical bonding; experimental apparatus; grafting; grass; heterocyclic oxygen compound; isotherm; kinetics; laboratory method; organometallic compound; phenolic compound; water treatment; Pennisetum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84867076905	Simulation study of polymer flooding performance: Effect of clay minerals	Falode O.A., Afolabi F.A.	2011	Petroleum and Coal	53	3	None	Department of Petroleum Engineering, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Falode, O.A., Department of Petroleum Engineering, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Afolabi, F.A., Department of Petroleum Engineering, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Polymer flooding is a very important technique of improving oil recovery from sandstone reservoirs in particular, because of its applicability under a wide range of reservoir rock and fluid conditions. However, these reservoir rocks contain clay minerals with high surface activities which affect the propagation of injected polymers. In this study, simulation study was conducted using UTCHEM, a 3-D, multiphase, multi-component chemical flooding simulator to investigate the influence of different types of clays on flooding performance and also to elucidate the mechanisms underlying polymer adsorption unto clay surfaces since clay minerals play a major role in retention of injected fluids thereby reducing the displacement efficiency. The input parameters for the different types of clays were synthetically generated. Flooding performance was evaluated in relation to oil recovery, Water-Oil Ratio(WOR), Oil rate of production, Polymer retention and Cumulative production. In all cases, Kaolinite exhibited the most favorable performance, while montmorillonite exhibited the least. The sensitivity test carried out to elucidate the mechanisms of polymer adsorption show that there is a gradual reduction in polymer adsorption with increase in reservoir brine hardness.	Adsorption; Clay minerals; Polymer flooding; Polymer retention; Simulation	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84904673859	Temperature performance of a thione quinoxaline compound as mild steel corrosion inhibitor in hydrochloric acid medium	El-Hajjaji F., Belkhmima R.A., Zerga B., Sfaira M., Taleb M., Ebn Touhami M., Hammouti B., Al-Deyab S.S., Ebenso E.	2014	International Journal of Electrochemical Science	9	9	None	Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Matériaux, de Modélisation et d'Environnement, LIMME, Faculté des Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Université Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, USMBA, BP 1796-30000, Atlas - Fès, Morocco; Laboratoire des Matériaux, d'Electrochimie et d'Environnement, Faculté des Sciences, Université Ibn Tofaîl, BP. 133-14000, Kénitra, Morocco; LCAE-URAC18, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed Premier, BP 717-60000, Oujda, Morocco; Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, B.O. 2455, Riaydh11451, Saudi Arabia; Material Science Innovation and Modelling (MaSIM) Research Focus Area, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North-West University (Mafikeng Campus), Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa	El-Hajjaji, F., Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Matériaux, de Modélisation et d'Environnement, LIMME, Faculté des Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Université Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, USMBA, BP 1796-30000, Atlas - Fès, Morocco; Belkhmima, R.A., Laboratoire des Matériaux, d'Electrochimie et d'Environnement, Faculté des Sciences, Université Ibn Tofaîl, BP. 133-14000, Kénitra, Morocco; Zerga, B., Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Matériaux, de Modélisation et d'Environnement, LIMME, Faculté des Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Université Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, USMBA, BP 1796-30000, Atlas - Fès, Morocco; Sfaira, M., Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Matériaux, de Modélisation et d'Environnement, LIMME, Faculté des Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Université Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, USMBA, BP 1796-30000, Atlas - Fès, Morocco; Taleb, M., Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Matériaux, de Modélisation et d'Environnement, LIMME, Faculté des Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Université Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, USMBA, BP 1796-30000, Atlas - Fès, Morocco; Ebn Touhami, M., Laboratoire des Matériaux, d'Electrochimie et d'Environnement, Faculté des Sciences, Université Ibn Tofaîl, BP. 133-14000, Kénitra, Morocco; Hammouti, B., LCAE-URAC18, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed Premier, BP 717-60000, Oujda, Morocco; Al-Deyab, S.S., Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, B.O. 2455, Riaydh11451, Saudi Arabia; Ebenso, E., Material Science Innovation and Modelling (MaSIM) Research Focus Area, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North-West University (Mafikeng Campus), Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa	The inhibiting action of 3-methyl-1-prop-2-ynylquinoxaline-2(1H)-thione (Pr-N-Q=S) on mild steel in molar hydrochloric acid has been investigated in the temperature range from 35 to 80 °C using weight loss measurements. It was shown that the inhibition efficiency increased with Pr-N-Q=S concentration and remained constant and so higher close to 96 % at 10-3M though temperature rising. The apparent activation energies (Ea), enthalpies (ΔH*) and entropies of activation (ΔS*) values provided evidence of the inhibitory effect of Pr-N-Q=S. Langmuir isotherm model fitted well the adsorption of Pr-N-Q=S onto metallic surface in acidic media. Furthermore, spontaneity of the adsorption process, evaluated from the sign of free energy (ΔadsG°) values, showed a decrease upon temperature increase in the presence of Pr-N-Q=S. © 2014 The Authors.	Adsorption; Corrosion inhibition; Quinoxaline; Thermodynamic and kinetic proprieties	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84934270632	High-performance towards removal of toxic hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution using graphene oxide-alpha cyclodextrin-polypyrrole nanocomposites	Chauke V.P., Maity A., Chetty A.	2015	Journal of Molecular Liquids	211	None	10.1016/j.molliq.2015.06.044	Polymers and Composites, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)Pretoria, South Africa; DST, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured MaterialsPretoria, South Africa; Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, South Africa	Chauke, V.P., Polymers and Composites, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)Pretoria, South Africa; Maity, A., DST, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured MaterialsPretoria, South Africa, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, South Africa; Chetty, A., Polymers and Composites, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)Pretoria, South Africa	Abstract Graphene oxide (GO) was functionalized with alpha cyclodextrin (αCD) through a covalent bond to form GO-αCD nanocomposites (NC). GO-αCD NC was further modified with polypyrrole (PPY) to afford an advanced GO-αCD-PPY NC for the removal of highly toxic Cr(VI) from water. The prepared GO-αCD-PPY NCs were successfully characterised with AT-FTIR, FE-SEM, HR-TEM, BET and XRD techniques. Adsorption experiments were performed in batch mode to determine optimum conditions that include temperature, pH, concentration of Cr(VI) and contact time. It was deduced from the experiments that the adsorption of Cr(VI) by the GO-αCD-PPY NC is pH and temperature dependent, where optimum adsorption was achieved at pH 2 and it increased with increasing temperature. The adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order model and the adsorption isotherms fitted well to the Langmuir isotherm model with maximum adsorption capacities ranging from 606.06 to 666.67 mg/g. Effect of co-existing ions studies revealed that cations and anions had no significant effect on the adsorption of Cr(VI). Desorption studies also illustrated that the NC can be re-used up to 3 cycles. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.	Adsorption; Cr(VI) removal; Cyclodextrin; Graphene oxide; Nanocomposite; Polypyrrole	Adsorption isotherms; Chemicals removal (water treatment); Chromium compounds; Cyclodextrins; Graphene; Nanocomposites; Polypyrroles; Solutions; Adsorption experiment; Cr removal; Graphene oxides; Increasing temperatures; Langmuir isotherm models; Polypyrrole nanocomposites; Pseudo-second order model; Temperature dependent; Adsorption	CSIR, Department of Science and Technology, Republic of South Africa; DST, Department of Science and Technology, Republic of South Africa
Scopus	2-s2.0-34548578692	Evaluation of sorption capacity of scrap tyre in the removal of copper (II) ion from aqua system	Oladoja N.A., Ofomaja A., Ebare E.	2006	Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research	49	6	None	Department of Chemistry, Adekunle Ajasin University, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, University of Benin, Nigeria; Department of Polymer Technology, Auchi Polytechnic, Nigeria	Oladoja, N.A., Department of Chemistry, Adekunle Ajasin University, Nigeria; Ofomaja, A., Department of Chemistry, University of Benin, Nigeria; Ebare, E., Department of Polymer Technology, Auchi Polytechnic, Nigeria	The use of scrap-tyre (ST), which was both a waste and pollutant was investigated as a low-cost sorbent to sorbed Cu (II) from aqueous solution. The influence of pH, sorbent dosage, contact time, and initial sorbate concentration on the uptake of Cu (II) by ST were studied. Optimum sorption of Cu (II) by ST was achieved at pH 6. The amount of sorbate sorbed per gram of sorbent decreased with increase in sorbent dosage. Maximum uptake of the Cu (II) was achieved within the first thirty minutes of contact between the ST and the Cu (II). The equilibrium relationship between the concentration of the Cu (II) in the fluid phase and the concentration in the ST particles at a given temperature showed that the sorption mechanism was like adsorption rather than distribution into any phase. Analysis of the results using Langmuir and Freundlich models showed that it conformed to Langmuir equation based on the formation of a monomolecular layer. The adsorption capacity due to monolayer coverage was 12.95 mg/g, while the energy of adsorption was 3.95 dm/mg.	Adsorption; Cu2+ ion; Scrap tyre	adsorption; copper; ion; pH; removal experiment; tire	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-41749084182	Groundwater quality evaluation for productive uses - The afram plains area, Ghana	Yidana S.M., Ophori D., Banoeng-Yakubo B.	2008	Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering	134	2	10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(2008)134:2(222)	Dept. of Earth and Environmental Studies, Montclair State Univ., Montclair, NJ 07043, United States; Dept. of Geology, Univ. of Ghana, Legon, Ghana	Yidana, S.M., Dept. of Earth and Environmental Studies, Montclair State Univ., Montclair, NJ 07043, United States; Ophori, D., Dept. of Earth and Environmental Studies, Montclair State Univ., Montclair, NJ 07043, United States; Banoeng-Yakubo, B., Dept. of Geology, Univ. of Ghana, Legon, Ghana	Groundwater is the most widely used water resource in the Afram Plains area, Ghana. The objective of this study was to determine the distribution of fluoride, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), and salinity (EC) in groundwater from the different aquifers in the Afram Plains area. The distribution of these parameters would enable a determination of the quality of groundwater from the different aquifer units for use in households and irrigation purposes. The inverse distance weighting, interpolator with a power of 2 was applied to 143 data points of each parameter to generate prediction maps for fluoride, SAR, and EC in the area. The distribution maps from this study show that the shale aquifers that underlie the southwestern sections of the area have the highest levels of fluoride, SAR, and EC. A narrow strip of the shale aquifer in the southwestern region produces groundwater whose fluoride level (2.2 mg/L) is higher than the World Health Organization minimum allowable fluoride concentration of 1.5 mg/L in drinking water. The feldsparthic sandstone, arkose, siltstone, and mudstone aquifers in the northeastern sections of the area produce groundwater with fluoride concentration in the range of 0.0-0.3 mg/L, which fall outside the minimum range of 0.7-1.2 mg/L required in drinking water for normal bone and dental health. The highest SAR and EC are also associated with the shale aquifers to the southwestern section of the area. Using the World Food and Agriculture Organization's guidelines for irrigation water quality, it was determined that groundwater from the Afram Plains area will generally have a mild to moderate effect on the hydraulic properties of soils when used as irrigation water. © 2008 ASCE.	Adsorption; Developing Countries; Electrical conductivity; Fluoridation; Ghana; Potable water; Sodium	Adsorption; Aquifers; Electric conductivity; Fluorine compounds; Irrigation; Potable water; Salinity measurement; Sodium; Groundwater quality; Sodium adsoprtion ratio; Water quality; Adsorption; Aquifers; Electric conductivity; Fluorine compounds; Irrigation; Potable water; Salinity measurement; Sodium; Water quality; adsorption; aquifer; developing world; drinking water; electrical conductivity; fluoride; groundwater resource; irrigation; salinity; sodium; water quality; Africa; Ghana; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84907541269	Inhibitive action and synergistic performance of 2-amino-ethanol and N,N-diethylethanamine on copper in hydrochloric acid solution	Fayomi O.S.I., Popoola A.P.I., Popoola O.M.	2014	Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia	28	3	10.4314/bcse.v28i3.15	Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, Tshwane University of Technology, P.M.B. X680, Pretoria, South Africa; College of Science and Technology, School of Engineering and Technology, Covenant University, P.M.B, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria	Fayomi, O.S.I., Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, Tshwane University of Technology, P.M.B. X680, Pretoria, South Africa, College of Science and Technology, School of Engineering and Technology, Covenant University, P.M.B, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria; Popoola, A.P.I., Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, Tshwane University of Technology, P.M.B. X680, Pretoria, South Africa; Popoola, O.M., Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, Tshwane University of Technology, P.M.B. X680, Pretoria, South Africa	The corrosion inhibition action of copper alloy in 1 M HC1 solution in the presence of 2-aminoethanol (A) and N,N-diethylethanamine (D) at 298 °K was investigated using gravimetric and linear polarization method. Surface studies of the copper alloy sample were observed by the help of high resolution scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). The evaluations were taken after 48 h interval for 288 h while the concentration of the inhibitor was varied from 5 to 10% w/v. The result of the examination shows that 2-aminoethanol (A) and A/A-diethylethanamine (D) has a good corrosion inhibition effect for copper alloy in 1 M HC1 solutions and its efficiency attains above 96% at 10% w/v concentration. The linear polarization result affirmed that 2-aminoethanol (A) and AA-diethylethanamine (D) acts as a mixed type corrosion inhibitor. Their adsorption on copper alloy has been found to obey Langmuir adsorption isotherm at all the concentration of inhibitor applied. The outcomes from all approaches are in good agreement with each other. © 2014 Chemical Society of Ethiopia.	Adsorption; Electrochemical oxidation; Inhibitor; SEM/EDX; Synergistic assessment	None	National Research Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-84903119029	Exergy based performance analysis of a solid adsorption solar refrigerator	Ogueke N.V., Ndeke C., Ndeke C.	2014	International Journal of Renewable Energy Research	4	2	None	Mechanical Engineering Department, Federal University of Technology, PMB 1526 Owerri, Nigeria	Ogueke, N.V., Mechanical Engineering Department, Federal University of Technology, PMB 1526 Owerri, Nigeria; Ndeke, C., Mechanical Engineering Department, Federal University of Technology, PMB 1526 Owerri, Nigeria; Ndeke, C., Mechanical Engineering Department, Federal University of Technology, PMB 1526 Owerri, Nigeria	The exergy based performance analysis of a solid adsorption solar refrigerator is presented. The analysis is based on an exergy balance applied to each component of the refrigeration machine, leading to a general exergy balance equation. The dead state temperature was chosen to coincide with the ambient temperature. Results reveal that maximum exergy destruction occurred in the collector/generator/adsorber during heat up and adsorbate desorption phases with a value of 3747.77 kJ. Values recorded in the condenser and evaporator were 10.51 and 20.11 kJ, respectively while the exergy efficiency was in the range of 0.0008 - 0.012. It was also found that the rate of exergy destruction reduced as soon as adsorbate generation commenced; indicating superior energy and exergy utilization during desorption phase. Thus use of adsorbent and adsorbate with the potential of very early commencement of desorption can significantly improve the exergetic efficiency of the system.	Adsorption; Exergy; Refrigerator; Solar	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84907878119	Synthesis, characterization of Fe3O4@glycine doped polypyrrole magnetic nanocomposites and their potential performance to remove toxic Cr(VI)	Ballav N., Choi H.J., Mishra S.B., Maity A.	2014	Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry	20	6	10.1016/j.jiec.2014.01.007	Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea; Smart Polymers Group, Polymers and Composites (P andC), Materials Science and Manufacturing (MSM), Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Civil and Chemical Engineering, University of South Africa (UNISA), South Africa	Ballav, N., Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, South Africa; Choi, H.J., Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea; Mishra, S.B., Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, South Africa; Maity, A., Smart Polymers Group, Polymers and Composites (P andC), Materials Science and Manufacturing (MSM), Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria, South Africa, Department of Civil and Chemical Engineering, University of South Africa (UNISA), South Africa	Fe3O4 coated glycine doped polypyrrole magnetic nanocomposite (Fe3O4@gly-PPy NC) was prepared via coating of suspended Fe3O4 nanoparticles with gly-PPy. FE-SEM and HR-TEM images indicated that Fe3O4 nanoparticles were encapsulated by precipitating gly-PPy moieties. Chromium(VI) adsorption followed a Langmuir isotherm with maximum capacity of 238-303mg/g for a temperature range of 25-45°C at pH 2. The adsorption process was governed by the ionic interaction and the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) by the PPy moiety. Results showed that NCs are effective adsorbents for the removal of Cr(VI) from wastewater and can be separated by external magnetic field from the reactor. © 2014 The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry.	Adsorption; Glycine; Hexavalent chromium; Magnetic nanocomposite; Polypyrrole	Amino acids; Polypyrroles; Hexavalent chromium; Magnetic nanocomposites; Adsorption	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84907815441	Electrochemical performance of Phyllanthus Muellerianus on the corrosion of concrete steel-reinforcement in industrial/microbial simulating-environment	Okeniyi J.O., Loto C.A., Popoola A.P.I.	2014	Portugaliae Electrochimica Acta	32	3	10.4152/pea.201403199	Mechanical Engineering Department, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria; Chemical, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa	Okeniyi, J.O., Mechanical Engineering Department, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria; Loto, C.A., Mechanical Engineering Department, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria, Chemical, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa; Popoola, A.P.I., Chemical, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa	Electrochemical monitoring techniques were employed in this study to assess anticorrosion performance of Phyllanthus muellerianus leaf-extract on concrete steel-reinforcement in 0.5 M H2SO4, used for simulating industrial/microbial environment. For this, steel-reinforced concretes admixed with different concentrations of the natural plant leaf-extract were partially immersed in the acidic test-solution and subjected to electrochemical monitoring of corrosion potential, corrosion current and corrosion rate. Test responses analysed as per ASTM G16-95 R04, showed that the corrosion rate correlated, r = 84.93%, ANOVA p-value = 0.0403, with the leaf-extract concentration admixed in concrete and the ratio of the standard deviation of potential to the standard deviation of current. These identified the 0.3333% Phyllanthus muellerianus (per weight of cement) with optimum effectiveness at inhibiting steel-reinforcement corrosion both by the experimental model, η = 91.66±2.51%, and by the prediction from the correlation fitting model, η = 85.54±14.44%. Fittings of both the experimental and the predicted data followed the Flory–Huggins and the Frumkin adsorption isotherms which suggest prevalent mechanism of physical adsorption (physisorption) of the extract on steel-rebar surface. These support the use of Phyllanthus muellerianus as environmentally-friendly admixture for inhibiting concrete steel-reinforcement corrosion in the industrial/microbial service-environment. © 2014, Sociedade Portuguesa de Electroquimica. All rights reserved.	Adsorption isotherm; Correlation fitting analysis; Environmentally-friendly inhibitor; Inhibition efficiency; Steel-rebar corrosion in acidic environment	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84890948686	Evaluation of (2-hydroxyethyl) triphenyl phosphonium bromide as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in sulphuric acid	Vashisht H., Kumar S., Bahadur I., Singh G.	2014	International Journal of Electrochemical Science	9	2	None	Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi -110007, India; Thermodynamics Research Unit, School of Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard College Campus, King George V Avenue, Durban, 4041, South Africa	Vashisht, H., Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi -110007, India; Kumar, S., Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi -110007, India; Bahadur, I., Thermodynamics Research Unit, School of Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard College Campus, King George V Avenue, Durban, 4041, South Africa; Singh, G., Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi -110007, India	The inhibition effect of the (2-Hydroxyethyl) triphenyl phosphonium bromide (HETPB) on mild steel corrosion in 0.5 M H2So4 have been determined by electrochemical techniques like potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), potentiostatic polarization (PSP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies (EIS). Potentiodynamic polarization study reveal that HETPB is an anodic type inhibitor with 98% efficiency at the concentration range of (1×10-2 to 4×10-3) M for mild steel in 0.5 M sulfuric acid. Potentiostatic polarization study shows that HETPB is a non-passivating type of inhibitor at higher concentrations and act as passivating type of inhibitor at lower concentrations. The corrosion behavior of steel in 0.5 M H2So4 without and with the inhibitor at various concentrations was studied at the temperature range from (298.15 to 328.15) K. The adsorption of HETPB accords to Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Kinetic parameter such as effective activation energy (Ea) has been evaluated from the effect of temperature on corrosion and inhibition processes. The negative values of thermodynamic parameter like Gibbs free energy of adsorption (ΔG°ads) indicate the spontaneity of adsorption process. The surface morphology of the tested mild steel specimens in the presence and absence of inhibitors have been studied by using the respective images of SEM and AFM. Quantum chemical calculations have been performed and several quantum chemical indices were calculated and correlated with the corresponding inhibition efficiencies. © 2014 by ESG.	Adsorption isotherms; Corrosion inhibitors; Mild steel; Phosphonium compound; Sulfuric acid solution	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84864496283	Predicting the dynamics and performance of a polymer-clay based composite in a fixed bed system for the removal of lead (II) ion	Unuabonah E.I., El-Khaiary M.I., Olu-Owolabi B.I., Adebowale K.O.	2012	Chemical Engineering Research and Design	90	8	10.1016/j.cherd.2011.11.009	Department of Chemical Sciences, Redeemer's University, Km 46, Lagos Ibadan Expressway, PMB 3005, Redemption City, Mowe, Nigeria; Institute of Chemistry, Universität Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam OT Golm, Germany; Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of En	Unuabonah, E.I., Department of Chemical Sciences, Redeemer's University, Km 46, Lagos Ibadan Expressway, PMB 3005, Redemption City, Mowe, Nigeria, Institute of Chemistry, Universität Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam OT Golm, Germany; El-Khaiary, M.I., Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, El-Hadara, Alexandria 21544, Egypt; Olu-Owolabi, B.I., Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Adebowale, K.O., Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	A polymer-clay based composite adsorbent was prepared from locally obtained kaolinite clay and polyvinyl alcohol. The composite adsorbent was used to remove lead (II) ions from aqueous solution in a fixed bed mode. The increase in bed height and initial metal ion concentration increased the adsorption capacity of lead (II) and the volume of aqueous solution treated at 50% breakthrough. However, the adsorption capacity was reduced by almost 16.5% with the simultaneous presence of Ca 2+/Pb 2+ and Na +/Pb 2+ in the aqueous solution. Regeneration of the adsorbent with 0.1M of HCl also reduced its adsorption capacity to 75.1%. Adsorption of lead (II) ions onto the polymer-clay composite adsorbent in the presence of Na + and Ca 2+ electrolyte increased the rate of mass transfer, probably due to competition between cationic species in solution for adsorption sites. Regeneration further increased the rate of mass transfer as a result of reduced adsorption sites after the regeneration process. The length of the mass transfer zone was found to increase with increasing bed height but did not change with increasing the initial metal ion concentration. The models of Yoon-Nelson, Thomas, and Clark were found to give good fit to adsorption data. On the other hand, Bohart-Adams model was found to be a poor predictor for the column operation. The polymer-clay composite adsorbent has a good potential for the removal of lead (II) ions from highly polluted aqueous solutions. © 2011 The Institution of Chemical Engineers.	Adsorption models; Breakthrough; Fixed bed; Mass transfer zone; Polymer-clay composite; Regeneration	Adsorption capacities; Adsorption data; Adsorption model; Adsorption site; Bed height; Bohart-Adams model; Breakthrough; Cationic species; Column operations; Composite adsorbents; Fixed bed; Fixed-bed modes; Kaolinite clay; Lead ions; Metal ion concentration; Regeneration; Regeneration process; Geologic models; Kaolinite; Lead; Mass transfer; Metal ions; Polymers; Solutions; Adsorption	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84945363835	Synthesis, characterisation and electrochemical evaluation of reduced graphene oxide modified antimony nanoparticles	Silwana B., Van Der Horst C., Iwuoha E., Somerset V.	2015	Thin Solid Films	592	None	10.1016/j.tsf.2015.09.010	Natural Resources and the Environment (NRE), Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Stellenbosch, South Africa; SensorLab, Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa	Silwana, B., Natural Resources and the Environment (NRE), Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Stellenbosch, South Africa, SensorLab, Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa; Van Der Horst, C., Natural Resources and the Environment (NRE), Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Stellenbosch, South Africa, SensorLab, Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa; Iwuoha, E., SensorLab, Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa; Somerset, V., Natural Resources and the Environment (NRE), Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Stellenbosch, South Africa	This paper demonstrates some aspects on the synthesis and characterisation of nanoparticles of metallic alloys using polyvinyl alcohol as a stabiliser, which combines high surface area and superior hybrid properties. The present experimental design was to synthesise a nanocomposite of reduced graphene oxide and antimony nanoparticles to be used as thin films for macro- and micro-carbon electrodes for enhancing sensing of different toxic metal pollutants in the environment. The synthetic process of reduced graphene oxide was done using the modified Hummers method while antimony pentachloride was reduced with sodium borohydride into nanoparticles of antimony using polyvinyl-alcohol as a stabiliser. The systematic investigation of morphology was done by scanning electron microscopy and high resolution-transmission electron microscope, which revealed the synthesis of a product, consists of reduced graphene oxide antimony nanoparticles. The electrochemical behaviour of the reduced graphene oxide antimony nanoparticles coated on a glassy carbon electrode was performed using voltammetric and impedance techniques. Electrochemical impedance measurements showed that the overall resistance, including the charge-transfer resistance, was smaller with reduced graphene oxide antimony nanoparticles than reduced graphene oxide and antimony nanoparticles, on their own. Evaluation of the reduced graphene oxide antimony nanoparticle sensor in the stripping voltammetry has shown a linear working range for concentration of platinum (II) between 6.0 × 10- 6-5.4 × 10- 5 μg L- 1 with limit of detection of 6 × 10- 6 μg L- 1 (signal-to-noise ratio = 3), which is below the World Health Organisation guidelines for freshwater. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.	Adsorptive stripping voltammetry; Antimony nanoparticles; Bi-metallic film; Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; Platinum analysis; Reduced graphene oxide	Carbon films; Charge transfer; Electrochemical electrodes; Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; Electrodes; Glass membrane electrodes; High resolution transmission electron microscopy; Metal nanoparticles; Metallic compounds; Nanocomposite films; Nanoparticles; Oxide films; Platinum; Polyvinyl alcohols; Scanning electron microscopy; Signal to noise ratio; Synthesis (chemical); Voltammetry; Adsorptive stripping voltammetry; Bi-metallic films; Charge transfer resistance; Electrochemical behaviour; Electrochemical evaluations; Electrochemical impedance measurements; Glassy carbon electrodes; Reduced graphene oxides; Graphene	University of the Western Cape
Scopus	2-s2.0-84901020774	Impact of prehypertension on left ventricular mass and QT dispersion in adult black Nigerians	Ale O.K., Ajuluchukwu J.N., Ok D.A., Mbakwem A.C.	2014	Cardiovascular Journal of Africa	25	2	10.5830/CVJA-2014-010	Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria	Ale, O.K., Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Ajuluchukwu, J.N., Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Ok, D.A., Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Mbakwem, A.C., Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria	Background: Prehypertension has been associated with target-organ damage. This study sought to determine the impact of prehypertension (PHT) on QT dispersion and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in adult black Nigerians. Methods: One hundred and one subjects with office blood pressure (BP) &lt; 140/90 mmHg were categorised according to their office BP into normotensive (normal BP &lt; 120/80 mmHg, n = 57) and prehypertensive (prehypertensive BP 120-139/80-89 mmHg, n = 44) groups. Echocardiography and electrocardiography (ECG) were performed on the subjects. Results: Thirty-four males aged 53.65 ± 16.33 years and 67 females aged 52.42 ± 12.00 years were studied. The mean QT interval dispersion (QTd) of the normotensive (38.96 ± 11.06 ms) and prehypertensive (38.41 ± 11.81 ms) groups were similar (p = 0.81). Prehypertensive subjects had higher left ventricular mass (LVM) (165.75 ± 33.21 vs 144.54 ± 35.55 g, p = 0.024), left ventricular mass index 1 (LVMI-1) (91.65 ± 16.84 vs 80.45 ± 18.65 g/m2, p = 0.021) and left ventricular mass index 2 (LVMI-2) (54.96 ± 10.84 vs 47.51 ± 12.00 g/m2.7, p = 0.017). QT d was independent of echocardiographic and electrocardiographic LVH (p &gt; 0.05). Conclusion: Compared with normotension, prehypertension is associated with higher LVM but similar QTd. This suggests that structural remodelling precedes electrical remodelling in prehypertension.	Adult black Nigerian; Left ventricular hypertrophy; Left ventricular mass; Prehypertension; QT dispersion	adult; aged; article; controlled study; echocardiography; electrocardiography; female; heart left ventricle hypertrophy; heart left ventricle mass; human; major clinical study; male; middle aged; Nigeria; prehypertension; QT dispersion; very elderly; blood pressure; blood pressure measurement; complication; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular; pathophysiology; physiology; prehypertension; procedures; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Determination; Echocardiography; Electrocardiography; Female; Humans; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular; Male; Middle Aged; Nigeria; Prehypertension	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-19144362045	The impact of adult mortality on the living arrangements of older people in rural South Africa	Hosegood V., Timæus I.M.	2005	Ageing and Society	25	3	10.1017/S0144686X0500365X	Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, Mtubatuba, South Africa; Centre for Population Studies, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom	Hosegood, V., Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, Mtubatuba, South Africa, Centre for Population Studies, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; Timæus, I.M., Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, Mtubatuba, South Africa, Centre for Population Studies, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom	This paper examines changes in households with older people in a northern rural area of KwaZulu Natal province, South Africa, between January 2000 and January 2002. The focus is the impact of adult deaths, especially those from AIDS, on the living arrangements of older people. The longitudinal data are from the Africa Centre Demographic Information System. In 2000, 3,657 older people (women aged 60 years or older, men 65 years or older) were resident in the area, and 3,124 households had at least one older member. The majority (87%) of older people lived in three-generation households. Households with older people were significantly poorer, more likely to be headed by a woman, and in homesteads with poorer quality infrastructure than households without older members. By January 2002, 316 (8%) of the older people in the sample had died. Of all the households with an older person, 12 per cent experienced at least one adult death from AIDS. The paper shows that older people, particularly those living alone or with children in the absence of other adults, were living in the poorest households. They were also coping with an increasing burden of young adult deaths, the majority of which were attributable to AIDS. © 2005 Cambridge University Press.	Adult children; AIDS; Children; HIV; Household composition; Mortality; Older people; South Africa	elderly population; household structure; mortality; rural area; Africa; Eastern Hemisphere; KwaZulu-Natal; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; World	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77951680449	Effects of delayed mating on reproductive performance of ephestia Cautella [Walker] [Lepidoptera: Pyralidae]	Akinneye J.O., Ashamo M.O.	2009	Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research	52	6	None	Storage Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	Akinneye, J.O., Storage Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Ashamo, M.O., Storage Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	The effect of age at mating of male and female warehouse moth, Ephestia cautella (Walker), soon after the emergence or delayed for 1-5 days was studied on the number of eggs laid (fecundity), egg viability, longevity and adult emergence. It was found that with the delay in mating after emergence of male, female or both, the number of eggs laid decreased proportionately. Egg viability decreased when female or both male and female were delayed from mating for more than 4 days. Male insects, that were delayed from mating, lived longer than the females delayed from, mating. Average male and female longevity in all the treatments was 10 and 7 days, respectively. Delayed mating had significant effect on females than on males. Unmated males lived longer than the mated males. Thus methods that can delay and disrupt mating may be effective behavioural strategies for managing E. cautella.	Adult emergence; Eggs; Ephestia cautella; Longevity; Mating delay	age at maturity; behavioral response; egg; emergence; longevity; mating behavior; moth; reproductive status; temporal analysis; Cadra cautella; Hexapoda; Lepidoptera; Pyralidae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-71349085408	High performance thin layer chromatography as a method to authenticate Hoodia gordonii raw material and products	Vermaak I., Hamman J.H., Viljoen A.M.	2010	South African Journal of Botany	76	1	10.1016/j.sajb.2009.09.011	Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa	Vermaak, I., Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Hamman, J.H., Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Viljoen, A.M., Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa	Hoodia gordonii which contains the perceived active molecule, P57, is a plant used in many weight loss products that are highly susceptible to adulteration due to increased public demand and limited availability. Rapid and simple methods for authentication and confirmation of the presence of P57 are desirable for the quality control of H. gordonii raw material and products. High performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis of several H. gordonii raw material samples collected from different locations as well as weight loss products was carried out on silica gel plates and developed in a mobile phase of toluene:chloroform:ethanol (40:40:12.5 v/v/v). Liebermann-Burchard (LB) reagent was used as derivatising agent since it is specific for glycosides and triterpenes (such as P57) and the plates were viewed under UV light at 365 nm. This method produced good separation of the compounds in complex mixtures with well-defined bands including that of the P57 band (Rf 0.42), which was confirmed by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) after preparative thin layer chromatography (TLC). All the HPTLC results obtained for the H. gordonii raw materials and products were confirmed with quantitative LC-MS analyses, which confirmed the qualitative reliability of the HPTLC method. The HPTLC method was used successfully to develop a chemical fingerprint for authentication and reliable confirmation of the presence of P57 in H. gordonii raw material and products. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Adulteration; Authentication; Chemical fingerprinting; Hoodia gordonii; HPTLC; P57; Quality control; TLC	chloroform; chromatography; dicotyledon; ethanol; gel; mass spectrometry; plant product; quality control; silica; toluene; Hoodia gordonii	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884515371	Modelling the potential impact and cost of scaling-up male circumcision in resource poor settings: A case of Uganda	Tumwesigyea N.M., Wabwire-Mangena F., Bagendaa D., Ssengoobab F., Opioc A., Nalwaddab C.K., Bollinger L., Stoverd J.	2013	African Journal of AIDS Research	12	1	10.2989/16085906.2013.815416	Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Mulago National Referral Hospital Complex Mulago Hill, PO Box 7071, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Health Policy, Planning and Management, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, PO Box 7071, Kampala, Uganda; Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Plot 6 Lourdel Road, Nakasero Kampala, Uganda; Futures Institute, Glastonbury, CT, United States	Tumwesigyea, N.M., Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Mulago National Referral Hospital Complex Mulago Hill, PO Box 7071, Kampala, Uganda; Wabwire-Mangena, F., Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Mulago National Referral Hospital Complex Mulago Hill, PO Box 7071, Kampala, Uganda; Bagendaa, D., Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Mulago National Referral Hospital Complex Mulago Hill, PO Box 7071, Kampala, Uganda; Ssengoobab, F., Department of Health Policy, Planning and Management, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, PO Box 7071, Kampala, Uganda; Opioc, A., Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Plot 6 Lourdel Road, Nakasero Kampala, Uganda; Nalwaddab, C.K., Department of Health Policy, Planning and Management, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, PO Box 7071, Kampala, Uganda; Bollinger, L., Futures Institute, Glastonbury, CT, United States; Stoverd, J., Futures Institute, Glastonbury, CT, United States	This study modelled estimates of the cost and impact of male circumcision (MC) under different scenarios using the Decision Maker's Program Planning Tool on data from Uganda. Results showed that the number of new adult HIV infections could be reduced by 23 000 if MC could be increased from the current 25% to 80% by 2015. The incidence of HIV could be reduced by 0.2 percentage points over the same period. If a scale up programme is to meet a target of 80% by 2015 then the annual number of MCs performed should be over twice as many as those performed in 2011. The discounted net cost per infection averted would be US$559 for the period 2011-2015 and the country would save US$6 841 per infection. A scale up of MC will reduce HIV prevalence and incidence substantially and it would be highly cost effective. The government should mobilise funding to meet high MC targets that would deliver the desired reduction in prevalence and incidence in a short period of time. Copyright © NISC (Pty) Ltd.	Adult hiv infection; Decision maker's program planning tool; Health economics; Male circumcision	adolescent; adult; article; circumcision; cost benefit analysis; cost control; cost effectiveness analysis; female; health care cost; health care planning; health program; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; incidence; infection prevention; male; medical personnel; prevalence; scale up; surgeon; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84875436368	Evaluation of Paracheck-Pf™ rapid malaria diagnostic test for the diagnosis of malaria among HIV-positive patients in Ibadan, South-Western Nigeria	Falade C.O., Adesina-Adewole B., Dada-Adegbola H.O., Ajayi I.O., Akinyemi J.O., Ademowo O.G., Adewole I.F., Kanki P.	2013	Pathogens and Global Health	107	2	10.1179/2047773213Y.0000000077	Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaeco	Falade, C.O., Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Adesina-Adewole, B., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Dada-Adegbola, H.O., Medical Microbiology Department, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Ajayi, I.O., Department of Epidemiology, Medical Statistics, and Environmental Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Akinyemi, J.O., Department of Epidemiology, Medical Statistics, and Environmental Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Ademowo, O.G., Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Adewole, I.F., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Kanki, P., College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Febrile illnesses occur frequently among HIV positive patients and these are often treated presumptively as malaria in endemic areas. Parasite-based diagnosis of malaria will eliminate unnecessary treatment, reduce drug-drug interactions and the chances for the emergence of drug resistant Plasmodium. We evaluated finger prick blood samples from 387 people living with HIV (PLWHIV) and suspected of having malaria by expert microscopy and Paracheck-Pf ™ - a histidine-rich protein-II based malaria rapid diagnostic test. The study was conducted at the PEPFAR supported AIDS Prevention Initiative in Nigeria (APIN) Clinic of the University College Hospital Ibadan, southwest Nigeria. Outcome parameters were prevalence of malaria parasitemia, sensitivity and specificity of Paracheck-Pf as well as the positive and negative predictive values for Paracheck-Pf using microscopy of Giemsa-stained blood film as gold standard. Malaria parasites were detected in 19·1% (74/387) of enrollees by microscopy and 19·3% (74/383) by Paracheck-Pf. Geometric mean parasite density was 501/μl (range 39-749 202/μl). Sensitivity and specificity of Paracheck-Pf at all parasite densities were 55·4% and 89·3% while corresponding figures at parasite densities ≥200/μl were 90·9% and 90·3%. Sensitivity and specificity at parasite densities ≥500/μl was 97·6% and 90·3%. Positive and negative predictive values for parasite density ≥200/μl were 55·4% and 98·7%, respectively. Paracheck-Pf was found to be a useful malaria diagnostic tool at parasite densities ≧200/μl facilitating appropriate clinical management. © W. S. Maney & Son Ltd 2013.	Adult; HIV; Malaria; Paracheck-RDT	amodiaquine; artemether; artemisinin; artesunate; benflumetol; chloroquine; cotrimoxazole; pyrimethamine plus sulfadoxine; adult; aged; article; blood smear; controlled study; diagnostic test accuracy study; female; hematocrit; highly active antiretroviral therapy; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; major clinical study; malaria; malaria rapid test; male; microbiological parameters; microscopy; Nigeria; parasite density; Plasmodium falciparum; pregnant woman; prevalence; prospective study; sensitivity and specificity; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Amodiaquine; Anti-HIV Agents; Antimalarials; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Female; Guidelines as Topic; HIV Seropositivity; Humans; Malaria, Falciparum; Male; Microscopy; Nigeria; Prevalence; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; Sensitivity and Specificity; World Health Organization	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70350077109	Spermatotoxic impact of bonny light crude oil (BLCO) ingestion on adult male Swiss albino mice	Adesanya O.A., Shittu L.A.J., Omonigbehin E.A., Tayo A.O.	2009	International Journal of Physical Sciences	4	5	None	Department of Anatomy, Olabisi Onabanjo University, College of Medicine, Ogun, Nigeria; Department of Anatomical Sciences, University of Abuja, College of Health Sciences Gwagwalada, P. O. Box 882, Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria; Nigerian Medical Research Ins	Adesanya O.A., Department of Anatomy, Olabisi Onabanjo University, College of Medicine, Ogun, Nigeria; Shittu, L.A.J., Department of Anatomical Sciences, University of Abuja, College of Health Sciences Gwagwalada, P. O. Box 882, Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria; Omonigbehin, E.A., Nigerian Medical Research Institute, NIMR, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria; Tayo A.O., Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Idi-araba, Lagos, Nigeria	Increasing concern has been expressed about the possible declining trend in the sperm quality and sperm count of man as a result of exposure to environmental estrogenic agents in the past few years now. There is a general paucity of knowledge of BLCO ingestion on the reproductive effect. Hence, we aim to evaluate the impact of sub-lethal dose of BLCO ingestion on semen parameters of adult male mice. Initial acute toxicity study was carried out to determine the lethal dose of BLCO, which was calculated to be 37.4 mg/Kg body wt. A sub-lethal dose of 20 mg/Kg bwt /day of BLCO were then given to 8 male mice in the experimental group. While,the control group of 7 animals received equal volume of 0.9% normal saline via oral garvage for 2 weeks. Data were analysed using SPSS 12 statistical software with P &gt;0.05 considered statistically significant. There was a significant (P &gt;0.05) weight gain in the treated group with a significant (P &gt;0.05) reduction in sperm motility in the treated compared with control. The sperm density of treated and control were 14.5 × 106ml and 20.5 × 106 /ml respectively. However, there were also no significant difference in the relative testicular weight and sperm density of treated from that of the control respectively. Thus, it was concluded that BLCO ingestion is spermatotoxic in the adult male Swiss mice © 2009 Academic Journals..	Adult male mice; BLCO; Motility; Sperm density; Sub-lethal dose	None	None
WoS	WOS:000270505100011	HIV IN ZIMBABWE 1985-2003: MEASUREMENT, TRENDS AND IMPACT	Carael, M,Dube, Sabada,Glynn, JR,Grassly, Nicholas C.,Gregson, Simon,McNaghten, A. D.,Mugurungi, Owen	2007	HIV, RESURGENT INFECTIONS AND POPULATION CHANGE IN AFRICA	6	None	None	Imperial College London, CDC Zimbabwe, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention - USA, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Minist Hlth & Child Welf	"Dube, Sabada: Imperial College London","Grassly, Nicholas C.: Imperial College London","Gregson, Simon: Imperial College London",	HIV spread rapidly in Zimbabwe in the mid-late 1980s. By the mid-1990s, one-quarter of adults in the country were infected with HIV. HIV-1 subtype C is believed to be the predominant sub-type within the country and its spread has been mediated overwhelmingly by heterosexual sex. Sexual networks shaped by cultural and colonial influences, and the combination of a relatively high level of development and marked socio-economic inequalities, have facilitated the spread of HIV infection into the majority rural population, and have thereby fueled the large national epidemic. Classic sexually transmitted infections such as syphilis, gonorrhoea and Chlamydia have been controlled during the epidemic through a pioneering syndromic management programme, but Herpes simplex virus type 2 is extremely common. Male circumcision is only practised in minority groups. Blood transfusions were screened for HIV from an early stage in the epidemic and there is little evidence that contaminated needles have made more than a modest contribution to HIV transmission. The socio-demographic effects of the epidemic have been devastating and include sustained, crisis-level adult mortality, particularly in the most economically-active age-groups, a reversal of previous gains in early childhood survival, a rapid decline in population growth, and an inexorable rise in orphanhood. Since the late 1990s there have been signs of a leveling out in the HIV epidemic and of a decline in HIV incidence. There is evidence of reductions in rates of sexual partner change and of a decline in HIV prevalence in young people. These encouraging trends may reflect saturation of the epidemic within high risk groups, heightened mortality due to ageing of HIV infections, and changes in behaviour adopted in the face of the extreme adult mortality. Zimbabwe's well-educated population and extensive primary health care network are conducive to a relatively rapid response to the HIV epidemic and the Government's intensified efforts to control HIV transmission supported by those of its partners are also likely to have played a part in placing a brake on the national epidemic.	,"ADULT MORTALITY",AIDS,DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES,"EASTERN ZIMBABWE","HIV/AIDS EPIDEMIC",INFECTION,"MALE FACTORY-WORKERS","RURAL ZIMBABWE",SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES,"SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA"	None	None
None	None	Does the spectrum model accurately predict trends in adult mortality? Evaluation of model estimates using empirical data from a rural HIV community cohort study in north-western Tanzania	Michael D., Kanjala C., Calvert C., Pretorius C., Wringe A., Todd J., Mtenga B., Isingo R., Zaba B., Urassa M.	2014	Global Health Action	7	1	10.3402/gha.v7.21783	Sexual and Reproductive Health Program, National Institute for Medical Research-Mwanza Center, Mwanza, Tanzania; Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, United Kingdom; Futures Institute, Glastonbury, CT, United States	Michael, D., Sexual and Reproductive Health Program, National Institute for Medical Research-Mwanza Center, Mwanza, Tanzania; Kanjala, C., Sexual and Reproductive Health Program, National Institute for Medical Research-Mwanza Center, Mwanza, Tanzania, Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, United Kingdom; Calvert, C., Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, United Kingdom; Pretorius, C., Futures Institute, Glastonbury, CT, United States; Wringe, A., Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, United Kingdom; Todd, J., Sexual and Reproductive Health Program, National Institute for Medical Research-Mwanza Center, Mwanza, Tanzania, Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, United Kingdom; Mtenga, B., Sexual and Reproductive Health Program, National Institute for Medical Research-Mwanza Center, Mwanza, Tanzania; Isingo, R., Sexual and Reproductive Health Program, National Institute for Medical Research-Mwanza Center, Mwanza, Tanzania; Zaba, B., Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, United Kingdom; Urassa, M., Sexual and Reproductive Health Program, National Institute for Medical Research-Mwanza Center, Mwanza, Tanzania, Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, United Kingdom	Introduction: Spectrum epidemiological models are used by UNAIDS to provide global, regional and national HIV estimates and projections, which are then used for evidence-based health planning for HIV services. However, there are no validations of the Spectrum model against empirical serological and mortality data from populations in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: Serologic, demographic and verbal autopsy data have been regularly collected among over 30,000 residents in north-western Tanzania since 1994. Five-year age-specific mortality rates (ASMRs) per 1,000 person years and the probability of dying between 15 and 60 years of age (45Q15,) were calculated and compared with the Spectrum model outputs. Mortality trends by HIV status are shown for periods before the introduction of antiretroviral therapy (1994-1999, 2000-2005) and the first 5 years afterwards (2005-2009). Results: Among 30-34 year olds of both sexes, observed ASMRs per 1,000 person years were 13.33 (95% CI: 10.75-16.52) in the period 1994-1999, 11.03 (95% CI: 8.84-13.77) in 2000-2004, and 6.22 (95% CI; 4.75- 8.15) in 2005-2009. Among the same age group, the ASMRs estimated by the Spectrum model were 10.55, 11.13 and 8.15 for the periods 1994-1999, 2000-2004 and 2005-2009, respectively. The cohort data, for both sexes combined, showed that the 45Q15 declined from 39% (95% CI: 27-55%) in 1994 to 22% (95% CI: 17- 29%) in 2009, whereas the Spectrum model predicted a decline from 43% in 1994 to 37% in 2009. Conclusion: From 1994 to 2009, the observed decrease in ASMRs was steeper in younger age groups than that predicted by the Spectrum model, perhaps because the Spectrum model under-estimated the ASMRs in 30-34 year olds in 1994-99. However, the Spectrum model predicted a greater decrease in 45Q15 mortality than observed in the cohort, although the reasons for this over-estimate are unclear. © 2014 Denna Michael et al.	Adult mortality; Cohort; HIV; Spectrum model	adolescent; adult; adult mortality; age; article; cohort; cohort analysis; female; human; Human immunodeficiency virus; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; male; middle aged; mortality; retracted article; rural population; Spectrum model; statistical model; statistics; Tanzania; young adult; adult mortality; cohort; HIV; Spectrum model; Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Cohort Studies; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Models, Statistical; Mortality; Rural Population; Tanzania; Young Adult	None
None	None	Reporting Errors in Siblings' Survival Histories and Their Impact on Adult Mortality Estimates: Results From a Record Linkage Study in Senegal	Helleringer S., Pison G., Kanté A.M., Duthé G., Andro A.	2014	Demography	51	2	10.1007/s13524-013-0268-3	Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 60 Haven Avenue, NY, NY, 10032, United States; Institut National d'Études Démographiques, 133 Boulevard Davout, 75980 Paris Cedex 20, France; Ifakara Health Institute, PO Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Helleringer, S., Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 60 Haven Avenue, NY, NY, 10032, United States; Pison, G., Institut National d'Études Démographiques, 133 Boulevard Davout, 75980 Paris Cedex 20, France; Kanté, A.M., Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 60 Haven Avenue, NY, NY, 10032, United States, Ifakara Health Institute, PO Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Duthé, G., Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 60 Haven Avenue, NY, NY, 10032, United States, Institut National d'Études Démographiques, 133 Boulevard Davout, 75980 Paris Cedex 20, France; Andro, A., Institut National d'Études Démographiques, 133 Boulevard Davout, 75980 Paris Cedex 20, France	Estimates of adult mortality in countries with limited vital registration (e.g., sub-Saharan Africa) are often derived from information about the survival of a respondent's siblings. We evaluated the completeness and accuracy of such data through a record linkage study conducted in Bandafassi, located in southeastern Senegal. We linked at the individual level retrospective siblings' survival histories (SSH) reported by female respondents (n = 268) to prospective mortality data and genealogies collected through a health and demographic surveillance system (HDSS). Respondents often reported inaccurate lists of siblings. Additions to these lists were uncommon, but omissions were frequent: respondents omitted 3.8 % of their live sisters, 9.1 % of their deceased sisters, and 16.6 % of their sisters who had migrated out of the DSS area. Respondents underestimated the age at death of the siblings they reported during the interview, particularly among siblings who had died at older ages (≥45 years). Restricting SSH data to person-years and events having occurred during a recent reference period reduced list errors but not age and date errors. Overall, SSH data led to a 20 % underestimate of 45 q 15 relative to HDSS data. Our study suggests new quality improvement strategies for SSH data and demonstrates the potential use of HDSS data for the validation of "unconventional" demographic techniques. © 2014 Population Association of America.	Adult mortality; Data quality; Reporting errors; Senegal; Siblings' survival histories	adolescent; adult; article; female; human; information processing; male; medical record; methodology; middle aged; mortality; prospective study; qualitative research; quality control; reproducibility; Senegal; sibling; young adult; Adolescent; Adult; Data Collection; Female; Humans; Male; Medical Record Linkage; Middle Aged; Mortality; Prospective Studies; Qualitative Research; Quality Control; Reproducibility of Results; Senegal; Siblings; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84886911648	Model-based evaluation of the pharmacokinetic differences between adults and children for lopinavir and ritonavir in combination with rifampicin	Zhang C., Denti P., Decloedt E.H., Ren Y., Karlsson M.O., Mcilleron H.	2013	British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology	76	5	10.1111/bcp.12101	Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden	Zhang, C., Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Denti, P., Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Decloedt, E.H., Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Ren, Y., Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Karlsson, M.O., Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Mcilleron, H., Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Aims: Rifampicin profoundly reduces lopinavir concentrations. Doubled doses of lopinavir/ritonavir compensate for the effect of rifampicin in adults, but fail to provide adequate lopinavir concentrations in young children on rifampicin-based antituberculosis therapy. The objective of this study was to develop a population pharmacokinetic model describing the pharmacokinetic differences of lopinavir and ritonavir, with and without rifampicin, between children and adults. Methods: An integrated population pharmacokinetic model developed in nonmem 7 was used to describe the pharmacokinetics of lopinavir and ritonavir in 21 HIV infected adults, 39 HIV infected children and 35 HIV infected children with tuberculosis, who were established on lopinavir/ritonavir-based antiretroviral therapy with and without rifampicin-containing antituberculosis therapy. Results: The bioavailability of lopinavir was reduced by 25% in adults whereas children on antituberculosis treatment experienced a 59% reduction, an effect that was moderated by the dose of ritonavir. Conversely, rifampicin increased oral clearance of both lopinavir and ritonavir to a lesser extent in children than in adults. Rifampicin therapy in administered doses increased CL of lopinavir by 58% in adults and 48% in children, and CL of ritonavir by 34% and 22% for adults and children, respectively. In children, the absorption half-life of lopinavir and the mean transit time of ritonavir were lengthened, compared with those in adults. Conclusions: The model characterized important differences between adults and children in the effect of rifampicin on the pharmacokinetics of lopinavir and ritonavir. As adult studies cannot reliably predict their magnitude in children, drug-drug interactions should be evaluated in paediatric patient populations. © 2013 The British Pharmacological Society.	Adults; Children; Lopinavir/ritonavir; nonmem; Population pharmacokinetics; Rifampicin	isoniazid; lopinavir; lopinavir plus ritonavir; rifampicin; ritonavir; adult; article; child; clinical evaluation; controlled study; drug absorption; drug bioavailability; drug blood level; drug clearance; drug dose reduction; drug effect; drug half life; drug interaction; female; highly active antiretroviral therapy; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; infant; major clinical study; male; multiple cycle treatment; outcome assessment; population model; preschool child; priority journal; school child; tuberculosis; adults; children; lopinavir/ritonavir; nonmem; population pharmacokinetics; rifampicin; Adult; Age Factors; Anti-HIV Agents; Antitubercular Agents; Biological Availability; Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies; Drug Interactions; Female; Half-Life; HIV Infections; Humans; Infant; Lopinavir; Male; Middle Aged; Models, Biological; Nonlinear Dynamics; Rifampin; Ritonavir; Tuberculosis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84904669649	Information Search, Alternatives Evaluation, and Coping Mechanisms of Functionally Illiterate Consumers in Retail Settings: A Developing Economy Context	Mhlanga S., Kotzé T.	2014	Journal of African Business	15	2	10.1080/15228916.2014.925363	Department of Marketing Management, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Mhlanga, S., Department of Marketing Management, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Kotzé, T., Department of Marketing Management, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Little research has been carried out with regard to marketing to functionally illiterate consumers, despite the size and purchasing power of this market segment. This qualitative study examined the decision-making processes and coping mechanisms of functionally illiterate consumers in the South African grocery shopping environment. The findings provide insights that have important theoretical and practical implications for marketers, retailers, and policy makers. For functionally illiterate consumers, the information-search stage of the consumer decision-making process is either nonexistent or limited to a few trusted sources, such as friends and family, which often occurs only after a purchase has been made. Furthermore, these consumers face difficulties in a grocery store environment but have developed several coping mechanisms to compensate for their limited literacy skills. © 2014 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.	adults; consumer behavior; decision making; functional illiteracy; grocery shopping	consumption behavior; coping strategy; decision making; economic development; information; literacy; policy making; retailing; shopping activity; South Africa	None
WoS	WOS:000270674600019	Monitoring the South African National Antiretroviral Treatment Programme, 2003-2007: The IeDEA Southern Africa collaboration	AIDS So Africa leDEA-SA Collaborat,Boulle, Andrew,Cornell, Morna,Davies, Mary-Ann,Eley, Brian,Fairall, Lara,Giddy, Janet,MacPhail, Patrick,Maxwell, Nicola,Mohapi, Lerato,Moultrie, Harry,Prozesky, Hans,Rabie, Helena,Technau, Karl,van Cutsem, Gilles,Wood, R	2009	SAMJ SOUTH AFRICAN MEDICAL JOURNAL	99	9	None	Stellenbosch University, University of Cape Town, University of Witwatersrand, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hosp, McCord Hosp, Med Sans Frontieres, Themba Lethu Clin	"Boulle, Andrew: University of Cape Town","Davies, Mary-Ann: University of Cape Town","Fairall, Lara: University of Cape Town","Maxwell, Nicola: University of Cape Town","Mohapi, Lerato: University of Witwatersrand","Prozesky, Hans: Stellenbosch University","Rabie, Helena: Stellenbosch University","Wood, Robin: University of Cape Town",	Objectives. To introduce the combined South African cohorts of the International epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate AIDS Southern Africa (IeDEA-SA) collaboration as reflecting the South African national antiretroviral treatment (ART) programme; to characterise patients accessing these services; and to describe changes in services and patients from 2003 to 2007. Design and setting. Multi-cohort study of 11 ART programmes in Gauteng, Western Cape, Free State and KwaZulu-Natal. Subjects. Adults and children (&lt; 16 years old) who initiated ART with &gt;= 3 antiretroviral drugs before 2008. Results. Most sites were offering free treatment to adults and children in the public sector, ranging from 264 to 17 835 patients per site. Among 45 383 adults and 6 198 children combined, median age (interquartile range) was 35.0 years (29.8 - 41.4) and 42.5 months (14.7 - 82.5), respectively. Of adults, 68% were female. The median CD4 cell count was 102 cells/mu l (44 - 164) and was lower among mates than females (86,34 - 150 v. 110, 50 - 1,69, p &lt; 0.001). Median CD4% among children was 12% (7 - 17.7). Between 2003 and 2007, enrolment increased 11-fold in adults and 3-fold in children. Median CD4 count at enrolment increased for all adults (67 - 111 cells/mu l, p &lt; 0.001) and for those in stage IV (39 - 89 cells/mu l, p &lt; 0.001). Among children &lt; 5 years, baseline CD4% increased over time (11.5 - 16.0%, p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions. IeDEA-SA provides a unique opportunity to report on the national ART programme. The study describes dramatically increased enrolment over time. Late diagnosis and ART initiation, especially of men and children, need attention. Investment in sentinel sites will ensure good individual-level data while freeing most sites to continue with simplified reporting.	,ADULTS,EFAVIRENZ,MORTALITY,OUTCOMES,THERAPY	None	None
WoS	WOS:000268766900003	Do the socioeconomic impacts of antiretroviral therapy vary by gender? A longitudinal study of Kenyan agricultural worker employment outcomes	Bii, Margret,Fox, Mathew P.,Larson, Bruce A.,McCoy, Kelly,Rosen, Sydney,Sawe, Fredrick,Shaffer, Douglas,Sigei, Carolyne,Simon, Jonathan L.,Wasunna, Monique	2009	BMC PUBLIC HEALTH	9	None	10.1186/1471-2458-9-240	Boston University, Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Walter Reed Project	None	Background: As access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) has grown in Africa, attention has turned to evaluating the socio-economic impacts of ART. One key issue is the extent to which improvements in health resulting from ART allows individuals to return to work and earn income. Improvements in health from ART may also be associated with reduced impaired presenteeism, which is the loss of productivity when an ill or disabled individual attends work but accomplishes less at his or her usual tasks or shifts to other, possibly less valuable, tasks. Methods: Longitudinal data for this analysis come from company payroll records for 97 HIV-infected tea estate workers (the index group, 56 women, 41 men) and a comparison group of all workers assigned to the same work teams (n = 2485, 1691 men, 794 women) for a 37-month period covering two years before and one year after initiating ART. We used nearest neighbour matching methods to estimate the impacts of HIV/AIDS and ART on three monthly employment outcomes for tea estate workers in Kenya - days plucking tea, days assigned to non-plucking assignments, and kilograms harvested when plucking. Results: The female index group worked 30% fewer days plucking tea monthly than the matched female comparison group during the final 9 months pre-ART. They also worked 87% more days on non-plucking assignments. While the monthly gap between the two groups narrowed after beginning ART, the female index group worked 30% fewer days plucking tea and about 100% more days on non-plucking tasks than the comparison group after one year on ART. The male index group was able to maintain a similar pattern of work as their comparison group except during the initial five months on therapy. Conclusion: Significant impaired presenteeism continued to exist among the female index group after one year on ART. Future research needs to explore further the socio-economic implications of HIV-infected female workers on ART being less productive than the general female workforce over sustained periods of time.	,ADULTS,HIV/AIDS,HIV-INFECTION,ILLNESS,PERFORMANCE,PRESENTEEISM,PREVALENCE,SECTOR,SICK,SOUTH-AFRICA	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84862204081	Fuel gas blending benchmark for economic performance evaluation of advanced control and state estimation	Ricker N.L., Muller C.J., Craig I.K.	2012	Journal of Process Control	22	6	10.1016/j.jprocont.2012.05.001	Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Sasol Solvents RSA, Sasolburg, South Africa; Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Ricker, N.L., Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Muller, C.J., Sasol Solvents RSA, Sasolburg, South Africa, Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Craig, I.K., Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	A simulation of a fuel gas blending process and its measurement system is proposed as a benchmark test case for advanced control and state estimation. The simulation represents an industrial facility and employs a well-established software environment. The objective is to maintain four controlled variables within specified bounds while minimizing an economic performance index. The controlled variables are the fuel gas pressure and three measures of gas quality. Six feed gas flow rates may be adjusted to achieve the objective. Each has a limited availability. The benchmark consists of three reproducible scenarios, each a 46-h period during which 23 discrete upsets occur and the feed gas compositions vary gradually with time. A benchmark multi-loop feedforward-feedback structure is described, tested, and compared to an estimate of optimal performance. The operating cost provided by the benchmark controller is from 1.19 to 1.71 times higher than the estimated minimum. Readers are challenged to download the simulation model, benchmark controller and estimated optimal performance from the URL given in this paper, and to devise case studies of advanced state estimation and control strategies to better the proposed benchmark controller. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Advanced control; Model predictive control; MPC; Nonlinear control; Nonlinear programming; Ratio control; Real-time optimization; RTO	Advanced control; MPC; Non linear control; Ratio control; Real-time optimization; RTO; Blending; Computer simulation; Computer software; Controllers; Fuels; Gases; Model predictive control; Nonlinear programming; Optimization; Predictive control systems; State estimation; Benchmarking	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84903639098	The further development and evaluation of an automatic dismantler of short staple ring-spun yarns	Fassihi A., Hunter L.	2014	Textile Research Journal	84	11	10.1177/0040517513512397	Durban University of Technology, South Africa; Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University and CSIR, South Africa	Fassihi, A., Durban University of Technology, South Africa; Hunter, L., Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University and CSIR, South Africa	There is often a need to dismantle staple fiber yarns into their component fibers, without significantly changing the fiber physical properties, or damaging the fibers in the process, so that the fibers can be tested for their physical properties. In the past, this could only be done by the very time-consuming and tedious manual method. In view of this, an instrument, termed the yarn dismantler, which could automatically dismantle short staple ring-spun yarns, was developed and patented. This paper reports research undertaken on Upland cotton ring-spun yarns to further develop, evaluate and optimize the original demonstration model into a final prototype ready for commercialization. Results are presented which show that, according to Advanced Fibre Information System (AFIS) single fiber length tests, the fibers from automatically dismantled ring-spun cotton yarns are very similar in their properties to those dismantled by hand (manually). It was also found that, at a speed of 2 m/min, the yarn dismantler functioned very well, enabling the length of cotton yarn required for subsequent AFIS testing to be dismantled within an acceptable time of less than 10 minutes, with excellent reproducibility of results and without changing the fiber length properties. According to the test results obtained here, neither steaming the dismantled fiber strand nor the spinning draft appeared to affect the dismantled fiber length significantly, or in a consistent manner. © The Author(s) 2014.	Advanced Fibre Information System tests; cotton; fiber length; Yarn dismantler	Cotton; Cotton yarn; Fibers; Information systems; Physical properties; Wool; Advanced-fibre information systems; Demonstration models; Fiber length; Manual methods; Reproducibilities; Ring-spun yarns; Single fiber; Staple fiber; Spinning (fibers); Cotton; Fiber Length; Physical Properties; Spinning; Yarn	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953949563	Effects of varying dietary protein levels on the breeding performance of Clarias gariepinus broodstocks and fry growth rate	Sotolu A.O.	2010	Livestock Research for Rural Development	22	4	None	Nasarawa State University Keffi, Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries Shabu-Lafia Campus, Lafia, Nigeria	Sotolu, A.O., Nasarawa State University Keffi, Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries Shabu-Lafia Campus, Lafia, Nigeria	Breeding performance of Clarias gariepinus under different dietary crude protein (CP) levels 30%, 35%, 40% and a broodstock diet (imported feed) as the control. Female broodstocks were subsequently induced for breeding and were stripped after 11 hours latency period. Weight of eggs stripped increased with increase in dietary protein levels and no broodstock mortality was recorded. Hatchability rate was highest in fish fed 40% C.P (90.33± 0.44%) which was only marginally different from fish fed 35% CP (89.42± 0.01%) while fish fed 30% CP diet had the least hatchability rate (84.70± 0.12%). Advanced frys were monitored for 3 weeks under intensive feeding and frys from fish fed 40% CP dietary level had superior mean weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio indicating sufficient level of nutrient for gonad development while fry from fish fed 35% CP diet only had marginally different specific growth rate compared with the former (p>0.05). This study revealed that dietary protein level at 35% CP was able to ensure fish growth maintenance, while 40% CP diet sustained the fish further to ensure proper gonadal development and maturation and consequently, superior performance of the hatchlings.	Advanced frys; Breeding performance; Clarias gariepinus; Gonad development; Hatchability rate	Clarias gariepinus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-19044392238	Evaluation of risk factors for advanced glaucoma in Ghanaian patients	Ntim-Amponsah C.T., Amoaku W.M.K., Ewusi R.K., Idirisuriya-Khair R., Nyatepe-Coo E., Ofosu-Amaah S.	2005	Eye	19	5	10.1038/sj.eye.6701533	Ophthalmology Unit, University of Ghana Medical School, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Academic Division of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Eye and ENT Centre, University Hospital Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom; Eye Unit Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana	Ntim-Amponsah, C.T., Ophthalmology Unit, University of Ghana Medical School, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Amoaku, W.M.K., Academic Division of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Eye and ENT Centre, University Hospital Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom; Ewusi, R.K., Eye Unit Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Idirisuriya-Khair, R., Eye Unit Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Nyatepe-Coo, E., Eye Unit Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Ofosu-Amaah, S., School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana	Purpose: This study was to determine factors associated with individuals presenting late with advanced glaucomatous optic nerve damage. Methods: A case-control study recruiting 123 patients with early features of primary open angle glaucoma (control) and 93 patients with advanced glaucoma (cases) was carried out for risk-factor analysis. Exposures of interest included those already established as major risk factors for glaucoma. These were initial intraocular pressure (IOP), age, and family history. In addition, occupation, ethnic origin, history of diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, sickle cell disease, and previous eye examination were of interest. Results: Univariate analysis showed that initial IOP>31mmHg, age of > 60 years, absence of family history of glaucoma, occupational grouping, ethnicity, and male sex were associated with advanced glaucoma at presentation. Adjusted odds ratio or by multiple logistic regression model showed that initial IOP>31mmHg in a patient was more likely to present with advanced glaucoma (OR 2.66, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.45, 4.91; P-value 0.0017) than lower pressures. Patients aged 60-69 years (OR 2.53, 95% CI 1.01, 6.31; P-value 0.0473) and 70-90 years (OR 5.16, 95% CI 1.97, 13.51; P-value 0.0008) were more likely to present with advanced glaucoma than younger ones. Conclusions: Subjects with initial IOP>31 mmHg were nearly three times more likely to present with advanced glaucoma than those with IOP<32mmHg. Subjects over the age of 60 years were more than two times likely to present with advanced glaucoma than younger subjects. © 2005 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved.	Advanced glaucoma; Glaucoma in black patients; Glaucoma in Ghanaian African; Glaucoma risk	adult; age; aged; anamnesis; article; case control study; clinical feature; confidence interval; controlled study; diabetes mellitus; disease activity; ethnology; family history; female; Ghana; glaucoma; human; hypertension; intraocular pressure; logistic regression analysis; major clinical study; male; multiple regression; occupation; open angle glaucoma; optic nerve injury; risk factor; sickle cell anemia; visual system examination; Adult; African Continental Ancestry Group; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Case-Control Studies; Developing Countries; Female; Ghana; Glaucoma, Open-Angle; Humans; Intraocular Pressure; Logistic Models; Male; Middle Aged; Occupations; Risk Factors; Sex Factors	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84863710903	Prevalence of peripheral neuropathy in antiretroviral therapy naïve HIV-positive patients and the impact on treatment outcomes-a retrospective study from a large urban cohort in Johannesburg, South Africa	Evans D., Takuva S., Rassool M., Firnhaber C., Maskew M.	2012	Journal of NeuroVirology	18	3	10.1007/s13365-012-0093-2	Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, Department of Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X2600, Houghton, Johannesburg 2041, South Africa; Clinical HIV Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X2600, Houghton, Johannesburg 2041, South Africa; Right to Care, Johannesburg, South Africa; Clinical HIV Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Evans, D., Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, Department of Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X2600, Houghton, Johannesburg 2041, South Africa; Takuva, S., Clinical HIV Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X2600, Houghton, Johannesburg 2041, South Africa, Right to Care, Johannesburg, South Africa; Rassool, M., Clinical HIV Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Firnhaber, C., Right to Care, Johannesburg, South Africa, Clinical HIV Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Maskew, M., Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, Department of Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X2600, Houghton, Johannesburg 2041, South Africa	Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is associated with advanced HIV disease and may be a complication of antiretroviral therapy (ART) or anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs, specifically isoniazid (INH). The effect of non-ART-drugrelated PN on treatment outcomes is yet to be determined. We analysed prospectively collected cohort data for HIVinfected ART-naive adults initiating ART at the Themba Lethu Clinic, Johannesburg, South Africa from June 2004 to June 2009. Patients who presented with signs and symptoms of numbness or dysesthesia prior to initiation of ART were defined as having PN. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the effect of PN alone (HIVrelated PN) or PN with a history of INH use (TB-related PN) on mortality, lost to follow-up (LTFU), persistent and recurrent PN by 12 months of follow-up. Of the 9,399 patients initiating ART, 3.9 % had HIV-related PN while a further 1.8 % had TB-related PN. Patients with PN did not have a significantly higher risk of mortality compared to those without PN (hazard ratio (HR) 1.17 95 % CI 0.92-1.49). Patients with TB-related PN were less likely to be LTFU by 12 months (HR 0.65 95 % CI 0.44-0.97) compared to those without PN. Patients with HIV-related PN were at increased risk of persistent PN at 3 months post-ART initiation. Patients with HIV-related PN had a similar risk of recurrent PN compared to those with TB-related PN (HR 1.28 95 % CI 0.72-2.27). We demonstrate that patients with PN at initiation of ART present with advanced HIV disease. Completion of TB treatment may reduce the risk of persistent PN in patients with TB-related PN. Use of HIV drugs, even neurotoxic ones, may overall limit neuropathy. © Journal of NeuroVirology, Inc. 2012.	Advanced HIV; Isoniazid (INH); Late presenters; LTFU or mortality; Non-ART-drug-related PN; Tuberculosis (TB)	antivirus agent; isoniazid; adult; antiretroviral therapy; antiviral therapy; article; cohort analysis; controlled study; dysesthesia; female; follow up; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; major clinical study; male; mortality; paresthesia; peripheral neuropathy; priority journal; recurrent disease; retrospective study; South Africa; treatment outcome; tuberculosis; urban area; Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Antitubercular Agents; Coinfection; Female; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Isoniazid; Lost to Follow-Up; Male; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases; Prevalence; Proportional Hazards Models; Retrospective Studies; South Africa; Survival Analysis; Treatment Outcome; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Urban Population	None
WoS	WOS:000282735100003	Impact of ALSO training on the management of prolonged labor and neonatal care at Kagera Regional Hospital, Tanzania	Elsass, Peter,Massawe, Siriel,Nielsen, Birgitte Bruun,Nyakina, Juma,Rasch, Vibeke,Sorensen, Bjarke Lund	2010	INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGY &amp; OBSTETRICS	111	1	10.1016/j.ijgo.2010.04.031	Aarhus University, University of Copenhagen, Kagera Reg Hosp, Muhimbili Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Odense Univ Hosp	"Elsass, Peter: University of Copenhagen","Nielsen, Birgitte Bruun: Aarhus University","Sorensen, Bjarke Lund: University of Copenhagen",	Objective: To evaluate the management of prolonged labor and neonatal care before and after Advanced Life Support in Obstetrics (ALSO) training. Methods: Staff involved in childbirth at Kagera Regional Hospital, Tanzania, attended a 2-day ALSO provider course. In this prospective intervention study conducted between July and November 2008, the management and outcomes of 558 deliveries before and 550 after the training were observed. Results: There was no significant difference in the rate of cesarean deliveries owing to prolonged labor, and vacuum delivery was not practiced after the intervention. During prolonged labor, action was delayed for more than 3 hours in half of the cases. The stillbirth rate. Apgar scores, and frequency of neonatal resuscitation did not change significantly. After the intervention, there was a significant increase in newborns given to their mothers within 10 minutes, from 5.6% to 71.5% (RR 12.71; 95% CI, 9.04-17.88). There was a significant decrease from 6 to 0 neonatal deaths before discharge among those born with an Apgar score after 1 minute of 4 or more (P=0.03). Conclusion: ALSO training had no effect on the management of prolonged labor. Early contact between newborn and mother was more frequently practiced after ALSO training and the immediate neonatal mortality decreased. (C) 2010 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	"Advanced Life Support in Obstetrics (ALSO)","clinical skills training","emergency obstetric and neonatal care","MATERNAL MORTALITY","NEONATAL CARE","PROLONGED LABOR",Tanzania,MORTALITY	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84861541746	Performance improvements provided by Mintek's FloatStar™ advanced control system on reverse flotation of iron ore	Knights B.D.H., Satyro J.C., Dias R.A., De Araújo Freitas A.C.	2012	Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy	112	3	None	Mintek, Measurement and Control Division, South Africa; Vale Cauê, Brazil; Tecnologia de Sistemas de Automação, Brazil	Knights, B.D.H., Mintek, Measurement and Control Division, South Africa; Satyro, J.C., Vale Cauê, Brazil; Dias, R.A., Vale Cauê, Brazil; De Araújo Freitas, A.C., Tecnologia de Sistemas de Automação, Brazil	In November 2009 Mintek installed the FloatStar™ advanced flotation stabilization system on Vale's Cauê iron ore beneficiation plant in Brazil. In September 2010 the system was upgraded to include flotation optimization. The circuit consisted of two parallel cleaner circuits producing final concentrate. The tailings from the cleaner section passed through a scavenger circuit. Large, well-instrumented feed sumps played an important role in circuit stability, presenting a good opportunity for advanced control. Previously the plant was controlled using distributed control system (DCS) level control only. The flotation circuit processes roughly 30kt/day. The FloatStar system provided advanced control of the flotation circuit as well as of the sumps feeding the circuit. The system underwent a lengthy trial to assess the benefit that it provided. Two data sets were analysed, showing performance under advanced stabilization and optimization respectively. Several validation and consistency criteria were employed to ensure the quality of the analysis. Iron recovery and iron tailings grade were used to measure system performance. The analysis showed that the system increased recovery by up to 2.7%. In addition, the system decreased the iron tailings grade by between 1.2% (from 23.5% to 22.3%) and 4.3% (from 31.3% to 27.0%) during different test campaigns. The analysis also showed that the entire FloatStar stabilization system was active for 72.7% of the time from first activation to the end of the first data set (approximately 200 days). From the analysis it was concluded that under similar conditions for 'ON' and 'OFF' tests, the system provides a clear benefit. It was also found that over the longer term, the system continues to provide a benefit. This finding suggests that the results were not simply due to a short-term advantage. The size of the data set, as well as the magnitude of the recovery improvements, lends considerable confidence to these results. Therefore, it can be concluded that the FloatStar control system provides substantial benefit to operations at this site. © The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 2012.	Advanced process control; FloatStar; Iron ore; Reverse flotation	Advanced control; Advanced control systems; Advanced flotation; Advanced Process Control; Beneficiation plants; Circuit stability; Consistency criteria; Data sets; FloatStar; Flotation circuits; Iron recovery; Iron tailings; Performance improvements; Reverse flotation; Stabilization systems; Test campaign; Activation analysis; Distributed parameter networks; Flotation; Intelligent control; Iron ores; Optimization; Stabilization; Quality control	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78149479778	Special pricing decisions as instrument for improving companies' performance in Nigeria	Iwarere H.T.	2010	International Business Management	4	3	10.3923/ibm.2010.99.104	Department of Accounting, University of Ado-Ekiti, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria	Iwarere, H.T., Department of Accounting, University of Ado-Ekiti, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria	One of the poor performances of manufacturing firms in Nigeria is attributed to insufficient market demand. This study examines, how special order pricing can be successfully introduced to improve contribution margin. The findings reveal that special pricing decisions are better means of reducing idle capacity and that this technique can be successfully introduced if the country achieve economy stability and favourable operating environment are introduced by the government. © Medwell Journals, 2010.	Advantage; Companies; Insufficient market demand; Manufacturing firms; Nigeria; Performance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84861839504	Impact of adverse events of antiretroviral treatment on regimen change and mortality in ugandan children	Malangu N., Karamagi Y.	2010	African Journal of Primary Health Care and Family Medicine	2	1	10.4102/phcfm.v2i1.109	Department of Epidemiology, University of Limpopo, South Africa	Malangu, N., Department of Epidemiology, University of Limpopo, South Africa; Karamagi, Y., Department of Epidemiology, University of Limpopo, South Africa	Background: Outcomes of antiretroviral treatment have been documented in both developed and developing countries. It has been reported consistently that the treatment is associated with many adverse events. However, little is known about their impact on the quality of life, clinical management, and survival in children aged less than 6 years in Uganda. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of the adverse events of antiretroviral treatment, their impact on mortality and the change in regimens prescribed to children treated at Mildway Centre in Uganda. Method: A retrospective chart review was performed for children younger than 6 years, treated since the Mildway Centre was opened in 1999. In order to achieve a larger sample, the records of children treated from January 2000 to July 2005 were included in the study. A pre-tested data collection form was used to collate socio-demographic and clinical data of the patients. These included the documented adverse events, causes of death, stage of infection, duration of treatment, regimen prescribed, year of enrolment into the treatment program, as well as whether or not they were still alive. Descriptive statistics were used in the analysis of data. Results: Of the 179 children, the majority were males and had a median age of 4 years. The majority (58.8%) of children had suffered from severe immune depression since they met the WHO clinical stage III and IV, 73.8% had a baseline CD4T of less than 15%. Four regimens were prescribed to the children. The most common was a regimen containing zidovudine, lamivudine, and nevirapine (34.6%), followed by a regimen containing stavudine, lamivudine, and nevirapine (27.9%). Eleven children (6.1%) had their regimen changed, of which six (54.5%) were due to adverse events. The prevalence of adverse events was 8%; of the 14 documented adverse events, the most common were severe anaemia (3), vomiting (3), and skin rashes (3). After 12 months on treatment, 8% of the patients had died. The most common causes of death were infectious diseases (28.6%), severe anaemia (21.4%), and severe dehydration (21.4%). Conclusion: The prevalence of adverse events was 8%; they were responsible for 54.5% of regimen changes and 21.4% of deaths in children treated at the study site. These findings suggest the need for incorporating pharmacovigilance practices into the provision of antiretroviral treatment. © 2010. The Authors.	Adverse; Antiretroviral; Children; Events; Treatment	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892737140	Impact of training on Nigerian healthcare professionals' knowledge and practice of pharmacovigilance	Osakwe A., Oreagba I., Adewunmi A.J., Adekoya A., Fajolu I.	2013	International Journal of Risk and Safety in Medicine	25	4	10.3233/JRS-130605	National Pharmacovigilance Centre, National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control, Abuja, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, 12003 Idi-araba, Nigeria; Accident and Emergency, Lagos Universit	Osakwe, A., National Pharmacovigilance Centre, National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control, Abuja, Nigeria; Oreagba, I., National Pharmacovigilance Centre, National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control, Abuja, Nigeria, Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, 12003 Idi-araba, Nigeria; Adewunmi, A.J., Accident and Emergency, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idiaraba, Lagos, Nigeria; Adekoya, A., Pharmacy Department, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idiaraba, Lagos, Nigeria; Fajolu, I., Department of Peadiatrics, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idiaraba, Lagos, Nigeria	BACKGROUND: Pharmacovigilance is the science and activities relating to the detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of adverse effects or any other possible drug related problem. The effectiveness of this system revolves on the active participation of the healthcare practitioners. Poor knowledge and practice of pharmacovigilance has necessitated training of healthcare professionals in different parts of Nigeria. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study are to determine the knowledge and practice of pharmacovigilance amongst health professionals in Nigeria and the impact of previous training in pharmacovigilance on their knowledge and practice. METHODS: In this descriptive cross sectional study, purposive and systematic random sampling method was used in selecting health facilities and health care practitioners respectively. Data were collected using a three-part peer-reviewed structured questionnaire administered through electronic mail (25) and self administration by healthcare professionals (316). RESULTS: Respondents who had received training on pharmacovigilance had better knowledge of correct definition of pharmacovigilance (P = 0.001) and better theoretical knowledge and practice scores of pharmacovigilance (P = 0.001). Receiving quarterly newsletters was not significantly associated (p = 0.220) with improved knowledge of pharmacovigilance. Overall, knowledge and practice of pharmacovigilance in Nigeria was still below average. The main challenges faced in the reporting and detecting of ADR were lack of awareness, poor communication, lack of continuity in training and poor funding. CONCLUSION: Although training was associated with improved knowledge and practice of pharmacovigilance amongst the health care providers studied, its overall impact was mild. Strengthened awareness creation and innovations in PV training methods are necessary to improve the efficiency of the program. © 2013-IOS Press.	adverse drug reaction; health care practitioner; knowledge and practice; Pharmacovigilance; spontaneous reporting	article; awareness; biomedical engineer; biomedical engineering; clinical practice; continuing education; cross-sectional study; descriptive research; dietitian; drug surveillance program; e-mail; female; funding; health care facility; health care personnel; human; interpersonal communication; laboratory personnel; male; medical education; Nigeria; normal human; nurse; paramedical personnel; peer review; pharmacist; physician; physiotherapist; professional knowledge; publication; radiological technologist; structured questionnaire; work experience; adverse drug reaction; health care practitioner; knowledge and practice; Pharmacovigilance; spontaneous reporting; Attitude of Health Personnel; Cross-Sectional Studies; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Female; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Health Personnel; Humans; Male; Nigeria; Pharmacovigilance; Physicians; Questionnaires	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79751484409	The impact of herbal remedies on adverse effects and quality of life in HIV-infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy	Bepe N., Madanhi N., Mudzviti T., Gavi S., Maponga C.C., Morse G.D.	2011	Journal of Infection in Developing Countries	5	1	None	School of Pharmacy, University of Zimbabwe, PO Box MP167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, United States; Center of Excellence, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States	Bepe, N., School of Pharmacy, University of Zimbabwe, PO Box MP167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Madanhi, N., School of Pharmacy, University of Zimbabwe, PO Box MP167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Mudzviti, T., School of Pharmacy, University of Zimbabwe, PO Box MP167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Gavi, S., Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, United States; Maponga, C.C., School of Pharmacy, University of Zimbabwe, PO Box MP167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe, Center of Excellence, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States; Morse, G.D., Center of Excellence, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States	Introduction: Use of herbal remedies among HIV-infected individuals in Africa increased in the past decade, mainly due to traditional beliefs and at times inconsistent access to antiretroviral drugs. In Zimbabwe, accessibility and availability of antiretroviral drugs has increased in recent years; however, the use of herbal remedies remains high. This study was conducted to determine the impact of concomitant use of herbal remedies with antiretroviral drugs on adverse events and on quality of life. Methodology: A convenient sample of HIV positive patients at Parirenyatwa group of hospitals' Family Care Clinic (Harare, Zimbabwe) was enrolled. A questionnaire was used to collect data on the adverse event experiences of the patients using herbal remedies for their HIV, as well as the types of herbal remedy used. Quality of life index was measured using an HIV/AIDS targeted quality of life (HAT-QOL) tool developed by the World Health Organization. Results: Abdominal pain (odds ratio = 2.7, p-value = 0.01) and rash (odds ratio = 2.5, p-value = 0.02) had significant associations with using herbal remedies during antiretroviral therapy. Improved quality of life index was not significantly associated with herbal remedy use during antiretroviral therapy. Conclusions: There is evidence to suggest that some traditional herbal remedies used in Zimbabwe may increase incidence of certain types of adverse events when used in combination with antiretroviral drugs. Use of herbal drugs in combination with antiretroviral therapy does not significantly improve quality of life index in comparison to antiretroviral drug use only. © 2011 Noorali et al.	Adverse drug reactions; Antiretrovirals; Herbal therapies; Quality of life	herbaceous agent; lamivudine plus nevirapine plus stavudine; stalanev; unclassified drug; abdominal pain; acquired immune deficiency syndrome; adult; anorexia; antiviral therapy; article; constipation; diarrhea; dizziness; drowsiness; family counseling; fatigue; female; fever; headache; herbal medicine; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; incidence; insomnia; major clinical study; male; nausea and vomiting; nonhuman; peripheral neuropathy; quality of life; questionnaire; rash; world health organization; Zimbabwe; Adult; Africa; Anti-HIV Agents; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Female; Herbal Medicine; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Quality of Life; Questionnaires; Zimbabwe	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84876027786	Toxicological evaluation of five herbal drugs hawked in minna, niger state	Okunji K.E., Galadima M., Jigam A.A.	2012	Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science	2	12	10.7324/JAPS.2012.21229	Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria	Okunji, K.E., Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria; Galadima, M., Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria; Jigam, A.A., Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria	The medicinal and cultural acceptance of herbal drugs has been established since ancient time but often without any toxicological assessment. In the present study the toxicological assessment of five herbal medicinal concoctions sold in Minna, Nigeria was carried out in mice. Parameters determined included weight variations, packed cell volume (PCV), total serum protein, glucose and triacylglycerides which were compared to control groups that were administered 20ml/kg body weight of normal saline. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, glycosides and flavonoids in most of the drugs. Safe doses of the drugs in the rodents were determined to range between 150 - 800mg/Kg body weight while LD50 were in the range of 800 - 2500mg/Kg body weight. Serum glucose, total proteins and triglycerides were each significantly (p<0.05) elevated in at least three of the five drug treatments at the end of the five weeks study period. There were however consistent decline in total body weights and packed cell volumes of the experimental animal during the same period. These results constitute early indices to the potential adverse physiological effects of repeated usage of the concoctions analysed.	Adverse effects; Concoctions; Herbal; Toxic	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880723820	Roadmap for the international collaborative epidemiologic monitoring of safety and effectiveness of new high priority vaccines	Izurieta H.S., Zuber P., Bonhoeffer J., Chen R.T., Sankohg O., Laserson K.F., Sturkenboom M., Loucq C., Weibel D., Dodd C., Black S.	2013	Vaccine	31	35	10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.05.027	Food and Drug Administration (FDA), MD, United States; World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; Brighton Collaboration Foundation, Basel, Switzerland; University Children's Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, United States; INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana; School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Hanoi Medical School, Hanoi, Viet Nam; KEMRI/CDC Research and Public Health Collaboration, Kisumu, Kenya; Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, South Korea; University of Children's hospital, University of Cincinnati, OH, United States	Izurieta, H.S., Food and Drug Administration (FDA), MD, United States; Zuber, P., World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; Bonhoeffer, J., Brighton Collaboration Foundation, Basel, Switzerland, University Children's Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Chen, R.T., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, United States; Sankohg, O., INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Hanoi Medical School, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Laserson, K.F., International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, South Korea; Sturkenboom, M., University of Children's hospital, University of Cincinnati, OH, United States; Loucq, C., KEMRI/CDC Research and Public Health Collaboration, Kisumu, Kenya; Weibel, D., University of Children's hospital, University of Cincinnati, OH, United States; Dodd, C., Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Black, S., Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands	With the advent of new vaccines targeted to highly endemic diseases in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) and with the expansion of vaccine manufacturing globally, there is an urgent need to establish an infrastructure to evaluate the benefit-risk profiles of vaccines in LMIC. Fortunately the usual decade(s)-long time gap between introduction of new vaccines in high and low income countries is being significantly reduced or eliminated due to initiatives such as the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunizations (GAVI) and the Decade of Vaccines for the implementation of the Global Vaccine Action Plan. While hoping for more rapid disease control, this time shift may potentially add risk, unless appropriate capacity for reliable and timely evaluation of vaccine benefit-risk profiles in some LMIC's are developed with external assistance from regional or global level. An ideal vaccine safety and effectiveness monitoring system should be flexible and sustainable, able to quickly detect possible vaccine-associated events, distinguish them from programmatic errors, reliably and quickly evaluate the suspected event and its association with vaccination and, if associated, determine the benefit-risk of vaccines to inform appropriate action. Based upon the demonstrated feasibility of active surveillance in LMIC as shown by the Burkina Faso assessment of meningococcal A conjugate vaccine or that of rotavirus vaccine in Mexico and Brazil, and upon the proof of concept international GBS study, we suggest a sustainable, flexible, affordable and timely international collaborative vaccine safety monitoring approach for vaccines being newly introduced. While this paper discusses only the vaccine component, the same system could also be eventually used for monitoring drug effectiveness (including the use of substandard drugs) and drug safety. © 2013.	Adverse events; Benefit-risk; Effectiveness; Safety; Vaccine	Rotavirus vaccine; vaccine; article; Brazil; clinical evaluation; communicable disease; demography; disease control; drug efficacy; drug monitoring; drug safety; drug surveillance program; endemic disease; epidemiological monitoring; health care personnel; hospitalization; human; international cooperation; lowest income group; mass immunization; Mexico; priority journal; risk benefit analysis; therapy effect; vaccination; vaccine failure; Adverse events; Benefit-risk; Effectiveness; Safety; Vaccine; Communicable Disease Control; Communicable Diseases; Epidemiological Monitoring; Humans; Risk Assessment; Vaccination; Vaccines	Wellcome Trust
Scopus	2-s2.0-79954995842	Monitoring vital signs using early warning scoring systems: A review of the literature	Kyriacos U., Jelsma J., Jordan S.	2011	Journal of Nursing Management	19	3	10.1111/j.1365-2834.2011.01246.x	Division of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; School of Human and Health Sciences, Swansea University, Wales, United Kingdom	Kyriacos, U., Division of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Jelsma, J., School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Jordan, S., School of Human and Health Sciences, Swansea University, Wales, United Kingdom	Monitoring vital signs using early warning scoring systems: a review of the literature Aim To evaluate the need for, and the development and utility of, pen-and-paper (Modified) Early Warning Scoring (MEWS/EWS) systems for adult inpatients outside critical care and emergency departments, by reviewing published literature. Background Serious adverse events can be prevented by recognizing and responding to early signs of clinical and physiological deterioration. Evaluation Of 534 papers reporting MEWS/EWS systems for adult inpatients identified, 14 contained useable data on development and utility of MEWS/EWS systems. Systems without aggregate weighted scores were excluded. Key issues MEWS/EWS systems facilitate recognition of abnormal physiological parameters in deteriorating patients, but have limitations. There is no single validated scoring tool across diagnoses. Evidence of prospective validation of MEWS/EWS systems is limited; neither is implementation based on clinical trials. There is no evidence that implementation of Westernized MEWS/EWS systems is appropriate in resource-poor locations. Conclusions Better monitoring implies better care, but there is a paucity of data on the validation, implementation, evaluation and clinical testing of vital signs' monitoring systems in general wards. Implications for nursing management Recording vital signs is not enough. Patient safety continues to depend on nurses' clinical judgment of deterioration. Resources are needed to validate and evaluate MEWS/EWS systems in context. © 2011 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.	Adverse events; Deterioration; Early warning scoring systems; Patient safety	article; critical illness; decision support system; hospital patient; human; methodology; monitoring; nurse attitude; nursing; patient care; safety; time; vital sign; Critical Illness; Decision Support Systems, Clinical; Humans; Inpatients; Monitoring, Physiologic; Nurse's Role; Patient Care; Safety; Time Factors; Vital Signs	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84915752469	Investigating the impact of rainfall on travel speed	Mashros N., Ben-Edigbe J., Alhassan H.M., Hassan S.A.	2014	Jurnal Teknologi	71	3	10.11113/jt.v71.3756	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Department of Civil Engineering, Bayero University Kano, New Campus, Gwarzo RoadKano State, Nigeria	Mashros, N., Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Ben-Edigbe, J., Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Alhassan, H.M., Department of Civil Engineering, Bayero University Kano, New Campus, Gwarzo RoadKano State, Nigeria; Hassan, S.A., Department of Civil Engineering, Bayero University Kano, New Campus, Gwarzo RoadKano State, Nigeria	The road network is particularly susceptible to adverse weather with a range of impacts when different weather conditions are experienced. Adverse weather often leads to decreases in traffic speed and subsequently affects the service levels. The paper is aimed at investigating the impact of rainfall on travel speed and quantifying the extent to which travel speed reduction occurs. Empirical studies were conducted on principle road in Terengganu and Johor, respectively for three months. Traffic data were collected by way of automatic traffic counter and rainfall data from the nearest raingauge station were supplied by the Department of Irrigation and Drainage supplemented by local survey data. These data were filtered to obtain traffic flow information for both dry and wet operating conditions and then were analyzed to see the effect of rainfall on percentile speeds. The results indicated that travel speed at 15th, 50th and 85thpercentiles decrease with increasing rainfall intensities. It was observed that allpercentile speeds decreased from a minimum of 1% during light rain to a maximum of 14% during heavy rain. Based on the hypothesis that travel speed differ significantly between dry and rainfall condition; the study found substantial changes in percentile speeds and concluded that rainfalls irrespective of their intensities have significant impact on the travel speed. © 2014 Penerbit UTM Press. All rights reserved.	Adverse weather; Percentile speed; Principle road; Rainfall; Speed	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84908368847	Evaluation of the extent and pattern of use of herbal bitters among students in a tertiary institution in southwestern Nigeria	Showande S.J., Amokeodo O.S.	2014	Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research	13	10	10.4314/tjpr.v13i10.20	Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Showande, S.J., Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Amokeodo, O.S., Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Purpose: To evaluate the extent and pattern of use of herbal bitters among students.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study where pre-tested structured questionnaires were administered to 1000 students. The questionnaire elicited information on the extent and pattern of use, self-reported indications, side effects experienced and possible drugs that were concomitantly coadministered with herbal bitters. Pearson Chi square, Fisher exact test and Relative risk ratio were used to detect association between gender and self-reported indications and side effects experienced with herbal bitters at a level of significance of p < 0.05.Results: The response rate and extent of use were 96% and 40.9% respectively. Herbal bitters were used for claims such as cleansers 88 (40.2%), anti-infectives 48 (21.1%), for rejuvenation 32 (14.0%), and for weight loss 14 (6.1%). Self-reported side effects included dizziness 49 (22.0%), loss of taste 46 (20.6%) and nausea and vomiting 22 (9.7%). Herbal bitters were also co-administered with antimalarials 22 (6.3%); analgesics 16 (4.5%) and herbal supplements 13 (3.7%). Reports of students using two different types of herbal bitter concurrently 15 (3.9%) were also garnered. Male students experienced more side effects than females (p < 0.05).Conclusion: The co-administration of herbal bitters with allopathic medicines and the use of more than one herbal bitter at a time reported in this study can be addressed by the appropriate health authorities through proper educational programme. © Pharmacotherapy Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, 300001 Nigeria. All rights reserved.	Advertisement; Allopathic medicines; Herbal bitters; Nigeria; Students	analgesic agent; antiinfective agent; antimalarial agent; herbaceous agent; herbal bitter; toothpaste; unclassified drug; adult; arthralgia; Article; chi square test; clinical evaluation; constipation; cross-sectional study; dizziness; drug use; dysmenorrhea; epigastric pain; eye pain; female; Fisher exact test; headache; human; libido disorder; male; menstrual irregularity; nausea and vomiting; Nigeria; paresthesia; polydipsia; questionnaire; rash; rejuvenation; risk factor; stomach pain; student; swelling; tooth pain; weakness; weight reduction; young adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84907167089	The Role of Information Exposure in Female University Students’ Evaluation and Selection of Eco-Friendly Apparel in the South African Emerging Economy	Sonnenberg N., Jacobs B., Momberg D.	2014	Clothing and Textiles Research Journal	32	4	10.1177/0887302X14541542	Department of Consumer Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Sonnenberg, N., Department of Consumer Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Jacobs, B., Department of Consumer Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Momberg, D., Department of Consumer Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Increasing consumption in the South African emerging economy necessitates stringent effort toward developing environmental information campaigns that stimulate preferences for eco-friendly alternatives. This qualitative study explores the role of exposure to information about the environmental impact of the apparel supply chain in female students' evaluation and selection of apparel. Based on the outcome of garment selection exercises and focus group discussions, participants were not swayed by exposure to hang tags, audio-visual or printed information sources to prioritize eco-friendly features in their choice of product, nor were they willing to compromise on attributes such as price for the sake of the environment. Participants' recommendations include standardized eco-labels to facilitate identification of eco-friendly alternatives and message content that is short, precise and factual. Interpersonal communication could represent an influential source of information and merits further investigation into the relevance of normative social influence on pro-environmental apparel behavior in the South African emerging economy. © The Author(s) 2014.	advertisement; apparel industry; consumer behavior; environment; green products; information; information processing; marketing; mass media; search; sustainability	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-44649124221	The impact of tobacco advertising bans on consumption in developing countries	Blecher E.	2008	Journal of Health Economics	27	4	10.1016/j.jhealeco.2008.02.010	Health Economics Unit, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7701, South Africa	Blecher, E., Health Economics Unit, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7701, South Africa	Tobacco advertising bans have become commonplace in developed nations but are less prevalent in developing countries. The importance of advertising bans as part of comprehensive tobacco control strategies has been emphasised by the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control which calls for comprehensive bans on tobacco advertising. The empirical literature suggests that comprehensive advertising bans have played a role in reducing consumption in developed countries but that limited policies have not. This paper extends this analysis to include 30 developing countries and finds that bans do play an important role in reducing tobacco consumption in these countries. It finds that both comprehensive as well as limited policies are effective in reducing consumption although comprehensive bans have a far greater impact than limited ones. Furthermore, it finds that advertising bans may be even more effective in the developing world than they are in the developed world. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Advertising bans; Developing countries; Tobacco advertising; Tobacco consumption	advertising; developing world; health policy; tobacco; advertizing; article; cigarette smoking; comparative study; developed country; developing country; health care policy; smoking cessation; tobacco; Advertising as Topic; Developing Countries; Humans; Models, Econometric; Smoking; Tobacco Industry; Nicotiana tabacum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84861551153	West African Immigrants' Perceptions of Advertising in General and Impact on Buying Decisions	Blankson C., Spears N., Hinson R.E.	2012	Journal of International Consumer Marketing	24	3	10.1080/08961530.2012.682038	Department of Marketing and Logistics, College of Business, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #311396, Denton, TX 76203-5017, United States; The University of Ghana Business School, Legon, Accra, Ghana	Blankson, C., Department of Marketing and Logistics, College of Business, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #311396, Denton, TX 76203-5017, United States; Spears, N., Department of Marketing and Logistics, College of Business, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #311396, Denton, TX 76203-5017, United States; Hinson, R.E., Department of Marketing and Logistics, College of Business, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #311396, Denton, TX 76203-5017, United States, The University of Ghana Business School, Legon, Accra, Ghana	Despite the increasing attention to African immigrants in the United States, and the pivotal role that advertising messages play in the immigrant community, examination of African immigrants' purchasing behavior and perceptions of advertising have been overlooked by marketing scholars. The purpose of this research is to investigate West African immigrants' perceptions of advertising in general and its impact on buying decisions. Data analyses extract five perceptual factors toward advertising in general, namely, "advertising is a pleasure and affects perceptions," "advertising heightens vanity," "advertising intensifies materialism," "advertising enhances social role and image," and "advertising is good for the economy." With the exception of "advertising heightens vanity," all the identified factors impact buying decisions. The overall results show that consumers rely on a broad scope of information about the impact of advertisements on standards of living and the economy. This study can be of value to marketing scholars, practitioners, and policy makers interested in the United States African immigrant community. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.	Advertising in general; consumer perceptions; factor analyses; multicultural marketplaces; United States; West African immigrants	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84926292174	Evaluation of information contained in drug advertisement and promotion materials in Nigeria	Adibe M.O., Igboeli N.U., Ubaka C.M., Udeogaranya P.O., Onwudiwe N.P., Ita O.O.	2015	Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research	14	3	10.4314/tjpr.v14i3.25	Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Adibe, M.O., Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Igboeli, N.U., Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Ubaka, C.M., Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Udeogaranya, P.O., Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Onwudiwe, N.P., Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Ita, O.O., Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Purpose: To evaluate the physical characteristics (size, legibility or readability) and the completeness of information in drug package leaflets/inserts and drug promotional brochures in Nigeria. Methods: Three hundred materials (drug information leaflets and brochures) were collected from various community pharmacies, private and governmental clinics and from various pharmaceutical distributor or representatives from different states of Nigeria. Two independent panels sorted and evaluated the information found in them and differences were resolved by consensus. Results: This study revealed that 80.7% of the materials evaluated were leaflets while brochures accounted for 18%. The physical characteristics of the materials showed that 58.7, 31.3 and 89.0% of the materials were sizeable, readable/legible and had adequate color contrast respectively. Most of the materials were written in English (78.7%), English and French 17.3%, English and Arabic accounted for only 4%. Description of indications for which the drugs were used was mentioned in 30.3% of materials. Other contents of the materials were mechanism of action (70.3%), overdoses information (55.0%), drug interaction (51.3%), pharmacokinetics (36.3%) and revision date of the information (21.0%). Conclusion: This study reveals that advertising materials used in promoting drugs in Nigeria have incomplete information and the physical characteristics of the materials are not adequate. It seems that drug industries at present mainly aim at increasing sales rather than promoting health care. Information in some pharmaceutical brochures exaggerated the benefits of the drug and downplayed risks associated with the drugs. © Pharmacotherapy Group.	Advertizing materials; Drug information; Drug leaflet; Drug promotion brochure; Nigeria	advertizing; Article; consensus; data analysis; drug contraindication; drug industry; drug information; drug marketing; drug mechanism; drug packaging; English as a second language; health promotion; Nigeria; reading; storage	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84952329072	Evaluation of the implementation of family life and HIV education programme in Nigeria	Udegbe B.I., Fayehun F., Isiugo-Abanihe U.C., Nwagwu W., Isiugo-Abanihe I., Nwokocha E.	2015	African Journal of Reproductive Health	19	2	None	Department of Psychology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Sociology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Africa Regional Centre for Information Science, University of Ibadan and Department of Information Science, University of South Africa, Pretor	Udegbe, B.I., Department of Psychology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Fayehun, F., Department of Sociology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Isiugo-Abanihe, U.C., Department of Sociology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Nwagwu, W., Africa Regional Centre for Information Science, University of Ibadan and Department of Information Science, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa; Isiugo-Abanihe, I., Institute of Education, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Nwokocha, E., Department of Sociology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	Family Life and HIV Education (FLHE) programme was introduced nationwide in Nigeria in 2003. Since then little is known about the patterns of its implementation across the states in the six geo-political zones in Nigeria. This study represents an attempt to fill this lacuna in the FLHE literature in Nigeria. Quantitative data was collected from the Federal Ministry of Education and the State Ministries of Education on all salient aspects of FLHE implementation. The findings from data collected in 35 states and the Abuja Federal Capital Territory show large variations in the year of adoption of the programme, level of implementation of the programme, the proportion of implementing schools that are reporting to the coordinating government ministries/agencies, the level to which schools have been supplied with relevant curriculum, and promptness of distribution of materials across the zones. All these indices did not show significant level of interdependence. In general, there were higher levels of FLHE activities in the South than the North. Several problems affect implementation of FLHE in Nigeria, most of which will require increased financial and technical support from government and other organizations. The FLHE programme has had positive effects in the states and among schools where the implementation has been effective, underscoring the need for a more effective implementation of the programmes throughout the country. © 2015, Women's Health and Action Research Centre. All rights reserved.	Advocacy; Budgetary allocation; Curriculum; FLHE; Nigeria; Sexuality education	curriculum; economics; HIV Infections; human; Nigeria; organization and management; program evaluation; sexual education; Curriculum; HIV Infections; Humans; Nigeria; Program Evaluation; Sex Education	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650598058	Development Impact of Advocacy Initiatives in Solid Waste Management in Nigeria	Nzeadibe T.C., Ajaero C.K.	2011	Environment, Development and Sustainability	13	1	10.1007/s10668-010-9254-8	Waste Management and Recycling Research Unit, Department of Geography, University of Nigeria, 410001 Nsukka, Nigeria; Department of Geography, University of Nigeria, 410001 Nsukka, Nigeria	Nzeadibe, T.C., Waste Management and Recycling Research Unit, Department of Geography, University of Nigeria, 410001 Nsukka, Nigeria; Ajaero, C.K., Department of Geography, University of Nigeria, 410001 Nsukka, Nigeria	Solid waste management (SWM) in many low- and middle-income countries is sometimes driven by the informal sector. Unfortunately, contributions of the sector to SWM are not acknowledged in many developing countries. This situation often arises from inadequate awareness and lack of advocacy for these development contributions. This article reports on the impact of a study conducted by final-year geography undergraduates on the informal waste management sector in Nsukka urban area, Nigeria. The purposes of this exercise were to stimulate development intervention on behalf of the sector to improve perceptions, attitudes and performance, to impart a range of development research skills and to expose the students to the business opportunities provided by SWM and recycling. Informal waste sector workers and government officials responsible for SWM were interviewed, and some commercial data on recycling operations were collected. Findings of this study indicate that such advocacy initiatives were effective in increasing students' awareness of opportunities and interest in working in the informal waste sector to promote better SWM and development in Nigeria. Lessons from this university case study are also drawn for other developing countries struggling to achieve the poverty reduction and job creation Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Advocacy; Capacity development; Entrepreneurship; Informal waste sector; Millennium development goals; Nigeria; Solid waste management; University	advocacy; developing world; perception; performance assessment; solid waste; state role; urban area; waste management; Enugu [Nigeria]; Nigeria; Nsukka	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84910650351	Field evaluation of natural human odours and the biogent-synthetic lure in trapping Aedes aegypti, vector of dengue and chikungunya viruses in Kenya	Owino E.A., Sang R., Sole C.L., Pirk C., Mbogo C., Torto B.	2014	Parasites and Vectors	7	1	10.1186/1756-3305-7-451	International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O BOX 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Centre for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Centre for Geographic Medicine Research - Coast, KEMRI, KEMRI - Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya	Owino, E.A., International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O BOX 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Sang, R., International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O BOX 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya, Centre for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Sole, C.L., Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Pirk, C., Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Mbogo, C., Centre for Geographic Medicine Research - Coast, KEMRI, KEMRI - Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya; Torto, B., International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O BOX 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya	Background: Methods currently used in sampling adult Aedes aegypti, the main vector of dengue and chikungunya viruses are limited for effective surveillance of the vector and accurate determination of the extent of virus transmission during outbreaks and inter - epidemic periods. Here, we document the use of natural human skin odours in baited traps to improve sampling of adult Ae. aegypti in two different endemic areas of chikungunya and dengue in Kenya - Kilifi and Busia Counties. The chemistry of the volatiles released from human odours and the Biogent (BG)-commercial lure were also compared.Methods. Cotton socks and T-shirts were used to obtain natural human skin volatiles from the feet and trunk of three volunteers (volunteers 1 and 2 in Kilifi and volunteers 2 and 3 in Busia). Using Latin square design, we compared the efficacies of BG sentinel traps baited with carbon dioxide plus (a) no bait, (b) human feet volatiles, (c) human trunk volatiles each against (c) a control (Biogent commercial lure) at the two sites. Coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to identify and compare candidate attractants released by the commercial lure and human odours.Results: Ae. aegypti captured in the trap baited with feet odours from volunteer 2 and trunk odours from the same volunteer were significantly higher than in the control trap in Busia and Kilifi respectively, [IRR = 5.63, 95% CI: 1.15 - 28.30, p = 0.030] and [IRR = 3.99, 95% CI: 0.95-16.69, p = 0.049]. At both sites, Ae. aegypti captures in traps baited with either the feet or trunk odours from volunteers 1 and 3 were not significantly different from the control. Major qualitative differences were observed between the chemical profiles of human odours and the commercial BG-lure. Aldehydes, fatty acids and ketones dominated human odour profiles, whereas the BG-lure released mainly hexanoic acid.Conclusions: Our results suggest that additional candidate attractants are present in human skin volatiles which can help to improve the efficacy of lures for trapping and surveillance of Ae. aegypti. © 2014Owino et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Aedes aegypti; Chikungunya; Dengue; Human odour; Mosquito; Traps	aldehyde derivative; carbon dioxide; fatty acid derivative; hexanoic acid; ketone derivative; virus vector; adult; Aedes; Aedes aegypti; Aedes bromeliae; Aedes metallicus; Aedes woodi; Anopheles coustanii; Anopheles funestus; Anopheles gambiae; Article; chikungunya; Chikungunya alphavirus; controlled study; cotton; Culex; Culex annulioris; Culex quinquefasciatus; dengue; female; human; human experiment; Kenya; Latin square design; male; mass fragmentography; nonhuman; normal human; parasite vector; skin odor; solid phase microextraction; trunk; Aedes aegypti; Chikungunya virus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84855863624	Evaluation of aeolian emissions from gold mine tailings on the Witwatersrand	Ojelede M.E., Annegarn H.J., Kneen M.A.	2012	Aeolian Research	3	4	10.1016/j.aeolia.2011.03.010	Dept. of Geography Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa; Dept. of Geosciences, University of Texas, Dallas, United States	Ojelede, M.E., Dept. of Geography Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa; Annegarn, H.J., Dept. of Geography Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa; Kneen, M.A., Dept. of Geography Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa, Dept. of Geosciences, University of Texas, Dallas, United States	The Witwatersrand is known for the high frequency of aeolian dust storm episodes arising from gold mine tailings storage facilities (TSFs). Source and ambient atmosphere are poorly characterized from the point of view of particle size distribution and human health risk assessment. For years, routine monitoring was limited to sampling of dust fallout ≥30μm. Sampling and analyses of source and receptor material was conducted. Thirty-two bulk soils were collected from TSF along the east-west mining corridor, and size distribution analysis was performed in the range 0.05-900μm using a Malvern® MS-14 Particle Size Analyser. Ambient aerosols in the range 0.25-32μm were monitored at two separate locations using a Grimm® aerosol monitor, in the vicinity of three large currently active and a dormant TSF. Statistical analyses indicate that TSFs are rich in fine erodible materials, particularly active TSFs. Concentration of ≤PM5 and ≤PM10 components in source material was: recent slimes (14-24vol.%; 22-38vol.%), older slimes (6-17vol.%; 11-26vol.%) and sand (1-8vol.%; 2-12vol.%). Concentrations of airborne aerosols were below the South African Department of Environmental Affairs 24-h limit value of 120μgm -3. With wind speeds exceeding 7ms -1, ambient concentration reached 2160μgm -3. This maximum is several times higher than the limit value. Erosion of tailings storage facilities is a strong driver influencing ambient particulate matter loading with adverse health implications for nearby residents. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.	Aeolian dust; Dust storm; Mine tailings; Mining; Tailings storage facilities; Witwatersrand	aerosol; concentration (composition); dust storm; emission; eolian deposit; eolian process; gold mine; mining; particle size; size distribution; tailings; South Africa; Witwatersrand	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84859803433	Heavy impact on seedlings by the impala suggests a central role in woodland dynamics	O'Kane C.A.J., Duffy K.J., Page B.R., MacDonald D.W.	2012	Journal of Tropical Ecology	28	3	10.1017/S026646741200017X	Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Abingdon Road, Tubney, Oxon OX13 5QL, United Kingdom; Institute of Systems Science, Durban University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban 4000, South Africa; School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu Natal, Private Bag X 54001, Durban 4000, South Africa	O'Kane, C.A.J., Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Abingdon Road, Tubney, Oxon OX13 5QL, United Kingdom, Institute of Systems Science, Durban University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban 4000, South Africa, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu Natal, Private Bag X 54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; Duffy, K.J., Institute of Systems Science, Durban University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban 4000, South Africa; Page, B.R., School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu Natal, Private Bag X 54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; MacDonald, D.W., Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Abingdon Road, Tubney, Oxon OX13 5QL, United Kingdom	Research has increasingly established that mesoherbivores influence the regeneration of woody plants. However the relationship between mesoherbivore density and degree of impact, and the spatial component of this impact, has not been well established. Using a novel sampling design, we assessed in iMfolozi Park, South Africa, the impact of impala (Aepyceros melampus) across the full complement of woody species within the home range, evaluating its spatial component and relationship to impala density. We used four GPS collars, in separate breeding herds, and a GIS to detect zones of different density of impala in the landscape, thus defining a fine-grain browsing gradient. We assessed impact on woody recruits (≤ 0.5 m height) across this gradient by means of 1600 random 1 × 1-m quadrats. Densities of woody seedlings, and mean percentage of remaining canopy, were significantly less in areas of high impala density versus low-density areas. There was a significant correlation between increasing impala density and decreasing density of favoured woody recruits. We propose a hypothesis of impala-induced patch dynamics. It seems likely that the ubiquitous impala may create and sustain a shifting mosaic of patches, and thus function as a key determinant of landscape heterogeneity. © 2012 Cambridge University Press.	Aepyceros melampus; browser; elephant; guilds; keystone; patch dynamics; savanna; seedlings; South Africa	browsing; elephant; guild; herbivory; heterogeneity; keystone species; landscape ecology; patch dynamics; plant-herbivore interaction; radiotelemetry; remote sensing; savanna; seedling; ungulate; woodland; Hluhluwe-Umfolozi Park; KwaZulu-Natal; South Africa; Aepyceros melampus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33745178484	Effects of impeller speed and aeration rate on flotation performance of sulphide ore	Yang X.-S., Aldrich C.	2006	Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China (English Edition)	16	1	10.1016/S1003-6326(06)60033-2	Institute of Mineral Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China; Department of Process Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa	Yang, X.-S., Institute of Mineral Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China; Aldrich, C., Department of Process Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa	The effects of aeration rate and impeller speed on the concentrate sulfur grade and recovery for batch flotation of a complex sulphide ore were investigated. The relationships between the water recovery and solid entrainment were discussed. It is found that the solid entrainment is linearly related to the water recovery regardless of aeration rate and impeller speed, and the higher sulfur recovery at the aeration rate of 2 and 4 L/min for the impeller speed of 1500 r/min is considered to be the contribution of true flotation. Finally, the sulfur recovery flux is correlated with the bubble surface area flux based on the froth image at the different aeration rates and impeller speeds.	Aeration rate; Impeller speed; Solid entrainment; Water recovery	Bubbles (in fluids); Froth flotation; Impellers; Ore treatment; Recovery; Sulfur deposits; Aeration rate; Bubble surface area flux; Impeller speed; Solid entrainment; Sulfur recovery flux; Sulphide ore; Water recovery; Sulfide minerals	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33749990905	The impact of aerial application of organophosphates on the cholinesterase levels of rural residents in the Vaalharts district, Northern Cape Province, South Africa	Dalvie M.A., London L.	2006	Environmental Research	102	3	10.1016/j.envres.2006.01.008	Occupational and Environmental Health Research Unit, Department of Public Health, Medical School, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa	Dalvie, M.A., Occupational and Environmental Health Research Unit, Department of Public Health, Medical School, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa; London, L., Occupational and Environmental Health Research Unit, Department of Public Health, Medical School, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa	A cluster of Guillaine-Barre syndrome cases in the Vaalharts region, South Africa prompted an investigation of the impact of aerial organophosphate spraying on cholinesterase levels of residents in the region. A prospective study of cholinesterase levels among residents and workers in the area and a control area was performed. Standardized red blood cell cholinesterase levels amongst participants were monitored before (round 1), during (round 2), and after (round 3) the 1996/1997 aerial spraying season. Participants were assigned environmental exposure categories based on the time since (within 10 or 30 days) and distance from (on farm, on neighboring farm, &lt;10 km from farm) aerial pesticide application. There were 342 participants in round 1, of whom 78% participated in round 2, 62% in round 3, and 56% in all three rounds. There was an increase in cholinesterase levels in round 2 (mean increase=5.96±6.25 IU/g hemoglobin) and then a decrease in round 3 (6.17±6.51), significantly associated with environmental exposure (participants living on farm or neighboring farm and &lt;10 km from spraying area) controlling for age, gender, alcohol dependence, and usual and recent domestic and occupational pesticide use (e.g., for round 2-round 1 cholinesterase differences, over(β, ^) (exposed group relative to unexposed)=5.72±1.21 IU/g hemoglobin, P = 0.000, R2 = 0.27, n = 171). The results show a shift in cholinesterase levels associated with residence in the spraying area, but in the direction opposite to that expected from the spraying of pesticides. Seasonal fluctuations in ambient temperature during the study may have influenced the results. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	Aerial; Cholinesterase; Neurotoxic; Organophosphate; Pesticides	organophosphate; pesticide; enzyme activity; farm; organophosphate; rural society; adult; alcoholism; article; cholinesterase blood level; controlled study; environmental exposure; environmental temperature; erythrocyte; female; hemoglobin blood level; human; male; neurotoxicity; priority journal; rural area; season; sex difference; South Africa; Adult; Cholinesterases; Environmental Exposure; Erythrocytes; Female; Geography; Guillain-Barre Syndrome; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pesticides; Phosphoric Acid Esters; Prospective Studies; Rural Population; South Africa; Africa; Cape Province; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33751566546	Cytotoxicity evaluation and isolation of a chroman derivative from Phyllanthus amarus aerial part extract	Ajaiyeoba E., Kingston D.	2006	Pharmaceutical Biology	44	9	10.1080/13880200601006905	Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Chemistry Department, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States	Ajaiyeoba, E., Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Kingston, D., Chemistry Department, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States	Chemical and cytotoxicity examinations of the crude methanol extract of the aerial parts of Phyllanthus amarus Schum. et Thonn. (Euphorbiaceae) were investigated. The cytotoxicity property of the P. amarus was evaluated in vitro, using the human ovarian A2780 cancer cell. Bioassay-guided fraction of the crude extract (IC50 value of 31.2 μg/mL) showed that the dichloromethane fraction was most toxic with an IC50 value of 22.7 μg/mL, whereas the polar methanol fraction was least cytotoxic with an IC50 value of 31.2 μg/mL. This led to the isolation of a new chroman derivative from the dichloromethane fraction. On the basis of nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectral data, the structure of the chroman was established as 4,4,8-trimethoxy chroman. The compound exhibited very little or no in vitro cytotoxicity with an IC50 of 16.2 μg/mL, relative to actinomycin, the reference compound, with an IC50 of 2.0 ng/mL. It can therefore be concluded that the aerial parts of P. amarus, an extensively used plant remedy in various African and Asian Pacific ethnomedicines, is relatively nontoxic. © 2006 Informa Healthcare.	Aerial parts; Cancer cell; Chroman derivative; Cytotoxicity; Phyllanthus amarus	4,4,8 trimethoxychroman; chroman derivative; dactinomycin; dichloromethane; methanol; Phyllanthus amarus extract; plant extract; unclassified drug; article; bioassay; cancer cell; controlled study; cytotoxicity; drug isolation; drug structure; human; human cell; IC 50; mass spectrometry; medicinal plant; nuclear magnetic resonance; ovary cancer; Phyllanthus amarus; traditional medicine; Euphorbiaceae; Phyllanthus amarus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84920252018	Environmental impact assessment of a new nuclear power plant (NPP) based on atmospheric dispersion modeling	Aliyu A.S., Ramli A.T., Saleh M.A.	2014	Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment	28	7	10.1007/s00477-014-0856-9	Nuclear Laboratory, Department of Physics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; Department of Physics, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria	Aliyu, A.S., Nuclear Laboratory, Department of Physics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, Johor Bahru, Malaysia, Department of Physics, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria; Ramli, A.T., Nuclear Laboratory, Department of Physics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; Saleh, M.A., Nuclear Laboratory, Department of Physics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, Johor Bahru, Malaysia	The US Environmental Protection Agency’s short-range atmospheric dispersion model (AERMOD 12345) is a good candidate for radiological dose calculations to the general public and the environment. It advanced capability should provide better confidence in the accuracy of offsite dose and risk assessment. The code has been used to compute the scaling factors for air concentration and ground level deposition of fission products based on routine and hypothetical accident releases from the NPP site in Geregu, Nigeria (7°33′N, 6°41′E). All computations were within the 16 km emergency planing zone of a generic reactor design considered by the study. The scaling factors have been used to assess the potential environmental risk of the NPP using an integrated approach to the assessment and management of environmental risks from ionizing radiation (D-ERICA). Obtained results should provide baseline information for decision making in terms of operation license provision for the pioneer NPP. © 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	AERMOD; Atmosphere; Environmental risk; ERICA Tool; Nigeria; Nuclear power plant	Atmospheric movements; Decision making; Earth atmosphere; Environmental impact assessments; Environmental Protection Agency; Fission products; Ionizing radiation; Nuclear energy; Nuclear power plants; Nuclear reactor accidents; Risk assessment; Structural design; AERMOD; Air concentrations; Atmospheric dispersion modeling; Environmental risks; Integrated approach; Nigeria; Radiological dose; US Environmental Protection Agency; Environmental impact	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84926471609	Evaluation of composting performance of mixtures of chicken blood and maize stover in Harare, Zimbabwe	Pisa C., Wuta M.	2013	International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture	2	1	10.1186/2251-7715-2-5	Marondera College of Agricultural Science and Technology, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box 35, Marondera, Zimbabwe	Pisa, C., Marondera College of Agricultural Science and Technology, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box 35, Marondera, Zimbabwe; Wuta, M., Marondera College of Agricultural Science and Technology, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box 35, Marondera, Zimbabwe	Background: Chicken processing results in the production of a lot of blood which if disposed on land poses environmental hazards in terms of land pollution. The aim of the study was to develop an aerobic composting process for chicken blood to produce a nitrogen-rich soil amendment for use in agriculture. The study involved composting of blood and maize stover of different proportions (10%, 30%, 70% and 100% maize stover) in compost bins over 72 days and determining which proportions would yield compost with greater potential to support plant growth. Results: The performance of the different compost mixtures was evaluated by monitoring internal temperature, mineral N (NH<inf>4</inf> +-N and NO<inf>3</inf> --N), C/N ratio, pH, electrical conductivity and total cations. The concentration of ammonium N decreased by 8.75%, 50.5%, 33.5% and 18.8% for the 10%, 30%, 70% and 100% stover treatments, respectively, with composting time. Nitrate N peaked to 1.93 and 1.06 mg/kg for the 30% and 70% treatments, respectively, on day 43, while it peaked to 1.54 and 0.54 mg/kg for the 10% and 100% treatments, respectively, on day 50. The C/N ratios decreased significantly (p < 0.001) for all treatments. Conclusion: The 10% and 30% treatments had better composting performance than the 70% and 100% treatments as they reached and maintained thermophilic temperatures for at least 8 days. The 10% and 30% treatments appeared to have the greater potential of supporting crop growth. © 2013, Pisa and Wuta; licensee Springer.	Aerobic composting; C/N ratio; N mineralisation; Poultry processing wastes; Waste management	Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-30344451058	Evaluation of maximal exercise performance, fatigue, and depression in athletes with acquired chronic training intolerance	St. Clair Gibson A., Grobler L.A., Collins M., Lambert M.I., Sharwood K., Derman E.W., Noakes T.D.	2006	Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine	16	1	10.1097/01.jsm.0000188044.06545.e5	UCT/MRC Research Unit of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; MRC/UCT Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Sport Science Institute of South Africa, P.O. Box 115, Newlands 7725, South Africa	St. Clair Gibson, A., UCT/MRC Research Unit of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, MRC/UCT Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Sport Science Institute of South Africa, P.O. Box 115, Newlands 7725, South Africa; Grobler, L.A., UCT/MRC Research Unit of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Collins, M., UCT/MRC Research Unit of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Lambert, M.I., UCT/MRC Research Unit of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Sharwood, K., UCT/MRC Research Unit of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Derman, E.W., UCT/MRC Research Unit of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Noakes, T.D., UCT/MRC Research Unit of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Objective: This study compared differences in maximal strength and aerobic capacity and symptoms of fatigue and depression in athletes with acquired training intolerance (ATI) and control athletes (CON) matched for age and current training volume who did not have symptoms of excessive or chronic fatigue associated with their sporting activity. Setting: University of Cape Town, Sports Science Institute of South Africa. Participants: Twenty ATI and 10 CON athletes participated in the trial. Although the ATI athletes reported symptoms of excessive fatigue during exercise, or symptoms of fatigue that occurred at rest and during activities of daily living, they did not fulfill the criteria for a diagnosis of chronic fatigue syndrome. Main Outcome Measures: A training and comprehensive medical history was recorded from all subjects. The Beck Depression Inventory Short Form (BDI-SF) was used to assess levels of depression in both ATI and control subjects. Maximal force output during a 5-second isometric voluntary knee extensor muscle contraction, and maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max), maximal heart rate (HRmax), and maximal blood lactate concentrations during a treadmill running test were measured in all subjects. Results: There were no differences in maximal isometric force output, peak treadmill running speed, VO2max, HRmax, or blood lactate concentration at rest or after maximal exercise testing between the ATI and CON athletes. However, the BDI-SF scores were higher in the ATI (7.7 ± 6.6 arbitrary units) than in the CON athletes (1.7 ± 1.5 arbitrary units; (P = 0.0052). Conclusions: These findings suggest that the symptoms of excessive fatigue and acquired training intolerance described by these ATI athletes do not affect their maximal isometric and maximal aerobic capacity, and may be associated with psychologic depression in these athletes. Copyright © 2006 by Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins.	Aerobic; Depression; Exercise performance; Isometric	adult; aerobic capacity; anamnesis; article; athlete; Beck Depression Inventory; chronic fatigue syndrome; controlled study; daily life activity; depression; exercise intensity; exercise test; extensor muscle; female; heart rate; human; knee function; lactate blood level; male; muscle force; muscle isometric contraction; muscle strength; priority journal; rest; South Africa; sport; symptomatology; training; treadmill exercise; velocity; voluntary movement; Adult; Chronic Disease; Depression; Exercise Tolerance; Fatigue; Female; Humans; Male; Muscle Weakness; Oxygen Consumption; Sports	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84925347470	Performance evaluation of the electrolysis process for waste sludge stabilization in decentralization practices	Azizi S., Valipour A., Jamshidi S., Sithebe T.	2015	Desalination and Water Treatment	54	3	10.1080/19443994.2014.886293	Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, Department of Biological Sciences, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, South Africa; Department of Civil Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyungsan, South Korea; Graduate Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran	Azizi, S., Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, Department of Biological Sciences, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, South Africa; Valipour, A., Department of Civil Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyungsan, South Korea; Jamshidi, S., Graduate Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Sithebe, T., Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, Department of Biological Sciences, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, South Africa	Abstract: This study was undertaken to evaluate the potential use of electrolysis process for waste sludge stabilization in decentralization practices by focusing on the operating parameters such as sludge composition, detention time, and electric voltage. The laboratory batch scale results show that the sludge extracted from a packed bed biofilm reactor can reach the minimum concentration of 659 mg/L volatile suspended solids (VSS) merely within 5 h detention time at an applied voltage of 2 V, whereas the most identical level is obtained from activated sludge by 7 h with 3.6 V. The soluble COD in the supernatant phase of the former process would be increased to 297 mg/L by means of 27% VSS reduction. The economical pre-estimation indicates that electrolysis is more sustainable if stand as a preconditioning stage of biological digestion by 70% capital and operating cost reduction. This configuration can also cause occupying 54% lesser footprint area of aerobic digestion with total average reduction of 56% VSS within 77 h. The biological assay on digested product was also determined with reference to the growth of Phragmites sp. plant. This study recommends the electrolysis-pretreated conditioning waste sludge followed by aerobic digestion incorporating with attached growth biological systems as a valuable process in decentralization. © 2014, © 2014 Balaban Desalination Publications. All rights reserved.	Aerobic digestion; Bioassay; Electrolysis process; Stabilization; Waste sludge	Phragmites	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879403002	Evaluation of leachate treatment by trickling filter and sequencing batch reactor processes in Ibadan, Nigeria	Aluko O.O., Sridhar M.K.C.	2013	Waste Management and Research	31	7	10.1177/0734242X13485867	Department of Community Health, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, 234036, Nigeria; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Aluko, O.O., Department of Community Health, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, 234036, Nigeria; Sridhar, M.K.C., Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Strong and highly polluting leachate is continuously discharged into Omi stream and its tributaries in Ibadan, southwest Nigeria, from a municipal solid waste landfill. Previous studies have targeted physical and chemical treatment methods, which could not be implemented on site as stand-alone treatment systems. This study explored the bench-scale, trickling filter (TF) and sequencing batch reactor (SBR) treatment processes and assessed the quality of effluents produced. Leachate treatment using TF produced effluents with significant reductions (%) in suspended solids (SS) (73.17%), turbidity (71.96%), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) (76.69%) and ammonia (NH3) (59.50%), while SBR produced effluents with reductions in SS (62.28%), BOD5 (84.06%) and NH3 (64.83%). The dissolved oxygen of the reactors was 4.7 and 6.1mg/l, respectively, in TF and SBR. Also, NH3 values reduced marginally; however, nitrification took place significantly, but within permissible limits. The effluents produced by biological treatment processes were better in quality though the mean residual concentrations for colour, SS and dissolved solids; BOD5 and iron were above the national regulatory standards for discharge into surface water bodies. SBR gave a better effluent quality and should be combined with other treatment methods in sequence to produce quality effluents. © The Author(s) 2013.	aerobic treatment; environmental pollution; Landfill leachates; Nigeria; sequencing batch reactor; trickling filter	Aerobic treatment; Environmental pollutions; Landfill leachates; Nigeria; Sequencing batch reactors; Trickling filter; Biochemical oxygen demand; Filters (for fluids); Surface waters; Turbidity; Water quality; Leachate treatment; dissolved oxygen; surface water; bioreactor; effluent; filter; landfill; leachate; municipal solid waste; oxic conditions; physicochemical property; standard (regulation); activated sludge; article; biochemical oxygen demand; chemical composition; effluent; evaluation; landfill; leaching; municipal solid waste; Nigeria; pollution; priority journal; sampling; sequencing batch reactor; suspended particulate matter; trickling filter; aerobic treatment; environmental pollution; Landfill leachates; Nigeria; sequencing batch reactor; trickling filter; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Nigeria; Temperature; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Ibadan; Nigeria; Oyo	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84943383524	Evaluation of Curie-point depths, geothermal gradients and near-surface heat flow from high-resolution aeromagnetic (HRAM) data of the entire Sokoto Basin, Nigeria	Nwankwo L.I., Shehu A.T.	2015	Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research	305	None	10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2015.09.017	Department of Geophysics, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Physics Unit, Centre for Preliminary and Extra-Mural Studies, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria	Nwankwo, L.I., Department of Geophysics, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Shehu, A.T., Physics Unit, Centre for Preliminary and Extra-Mural Studies, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria	An evaluation of Curie-point depths, geothermal gradients and near-surface heat flow has been carried out from the spectral analysis of the recently acquired high resolution aeromagnetic (HRAM) data of the entire Sokoto Basin in northwestern Nigeria. The HRAM data was divided into twenty two (22) overlapping blocks and each block analyzed using the spectral centroid method to obtain depth to the top, centroid and bottom of magnetic sources. The depth values were subsequently used to evaluate the Curie-point depth (CPD), geothermal gradient and near-surface heat flow in the study area. The result shows that the CPD varies between 11.13 and 27.83km with an average of 18.57km, the geothermal gradient varies between 20.84 and 52.11°C/km with an average of 33.99°C/km, and the resulting heat flow varies between 52.11 and 130.28mWm-2 with an average of 84.97mWm-2. Such heat flow values are suggestive of anomalous geothermal conditions and are recommended for detailed geothermal exploration in the basin. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.	Aeromagnetic data; Curie-point depth; Geothermal exploration; Heat flow; Nigeria; Sokoto basin	Curie temperature; Geothermal energy; Geothermal prospecting; Heat transfer; Spectrum analysis; Aeromagnetic data; Curie point depths; Geothermal exploration; Nigeria; Sokoto basin; Magnetic prospecting; aeromagnetic survey; Curie point; geothermal system; heat flow; spectral analysis; temperature gradient; Nigeria; Sokoto Basin; Calluna vulgaris	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-74049155522	Enhancement of magnetic signatures of impact structures	Cowan D.R., Cooper G.R.J.	2005	Special Paper of the Geological Society of America	384	None	10.1130/0-8137-2384-1.51	Cowan Geodata Services, 12 Edna Road, Dalkeith, WA 6009, Australia; School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa	Cowan, D.R., Cowan Geodata Services, 12 Edna Road, Dalkeith, WA 6009, Australia; Cooper, G.R.J., School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa	Aeromagnetic surveys are a useful tool in the detection and analysis of terrestrial impact structures. Although gravity anomalies provide clearer and simpler signatures of impact craters, large regional-scale aeromagnetic surveys are more widely available. A combination of many factors, such as the nature of the target rocks, the impact-related magnetization, and effects of crater fill and post-impact cover results in a great variation of magnetic signatures in the terrestrial impact craters. In crystalline basement targets, the most common signature of a complex impact structure is a magnetic low with a central peak or ring uplift magnetic anomaly. Contributions to the magnetic signature include demagnetization, shock remagnetization, and thermal and chemical remanent magnetization effects. Impact craters in sedimentary targets usually are of small magnetic amplitude, depending on the lithology. The origin of the magnetic signatures in sedimentary targets is not well understood. Enhancement of magnetic signatures of terrestrial impact structures using filtering techniques is an important part of detection and analysis. Derivative and derivative-based (such as sunshading) techniques, along with separation filtering, are probably the most used methods. Here we present our new developments of algorithms for fractional order derivatives and circular shaded relief that have dramatically improved filter results. The fractional derivative order can be varied to optimize the separation of the impact magnetic signature. Given a chosen center location, the circular shaded relief algorithm treats all directions equally, thus preventing fade-out of features subparallel to the shading direction evident in conventional shaded relief. Unlike Hough transform based algorithms, the circular sunshading method is not sensitive to the radius of the circular feature being searched for, and no radius parameter is specified during the data processing We illustrate the new fractional derivative and circular shaded relief algorithms using selected Australian and Canadian impact crater data sets involving both crystalline basement and sedimentary targets. © 2005 Geological Society of America.	Aeromagnetic surveys; Circular shaded relief; Fractional order derivatives; Impact structures; Magnetization	aeromagnetic survey; algorithm; crater; crystalline rock; data set; gravity anomaly; magnetic anomaly; magnetization; relief; uplift; Australia; Canada	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84915752416	Direct radiative forcing of urban aerosols over Pretoria (25.75°S, 28.28°E) using AERONET Sunphotometer data: First scientific results and environmental impact	Adesina A.J., Kumar K.R., Sivakumar V., Griffith D.	2014	Journal of Environmental Sciences (China)	26	12	10.1016/j.jes.2014.04.006	Discipline of Physics, School of Chemistry and Physics, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa; Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China; Optronic Sensor Systems, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-DPSS, Pretoria, South Africa	Adesina, A.J., Discipline of Physics, School of Chemistry and Physics, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa; Kumar, K.R., Discipline of Physics, School of Chemistry and Physics, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa, Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China; Sivakumar, V., Discipline of Physics, School of Chemistry and Physics, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa; Griffith, D., Optronic Sensor Systems, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-DPSS, Pretoria, South Africa	The present study uses the data collected from Cimel Sunphotometer of Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) for the period from January to December, 2012 over an urban site, Pretoria (PTR; 25.75°S, 28.28°E, 1449mabove sea level), South Africa. We found that monthly mean aerosol optical depth (AOD, τa) exhibits two maxima that occurred in summer (February) and winter (August) having values of 0.36±0.19 and 0.25±0.14, respectively, high-to-moderate values in spring and thereafter, decreases from autumn with a minima in early winter (June) 0.12±0.07. The Angstrom exponents (α440-870) likewise, have its peak in summer (January) 1.70±0.21 and lowest in early winter (June) 1.38±0.26, while the columnar water vapor (CWV) followed AOD pattern with high values (summer) at the beginning of the year (February, 2.10±0.37cm) and low values (winter) in the middle of the year (July, 0.66±0.21cm). The volume size distribution (VSD) in the fine-mode is higher in the summer and spring seasons, whereas in the coarse mode the VSD is higher in the winter and lower in the summer due to the hygroscopic growth of aerosol particles. The single scattering albedo (SSA) ranged from 0.85 to 0.96 at 440nm over PTR for the entire study period. The averaged aerosol radiative forcing (ARF) computed using SBDART model at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) was -8.78±3.1W/m2, while at the surface it was -25.69±8.1W/m2 leading to an atmospheric forcing of +16.91±6.8W/m2, indicating significant heating of the atmosphere with a mean of 0.47K/day. © 2014 The Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V.	AERONET; Aerosol optical depth; Pretoria; Radiative forcing; Single scattering albedo	Atmospheric aerosols; Atmospheric radiation; Environmental impact; Optical properties; Sea level; Solar radiation; AERONET; Aerosol optical depths; Pretoria; Radiative forcings; Single scattering albedo; Urban growth; aerosol; albedo; atmospheric forcing; environmental impact; light scattering; optical depth; radiative forcing; urban atmosphere; Gauteng; Pretoria; South Africa; aerosol; aerosol; analysis; atmosphere; chemistry; environment; light related phenomena; remote sensing; South Africa; weather; Aerosols; Atmosphere; Environment; Optical Phenomena; Remote Sensing Technology; South Africa; Weather	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84886018169	Performance of different potato genotypes under aeroponics system	Chiipanthenga M., Maliro M., Demo P., Njoloma J., Khumar N.	2013	Journal of Applied Horticulture	15	2	None	Bunda College of Agriculture, University of Malawi, Njuli-Estate, Malawi; Kasinthula Research Station, Department of Agricultural Research Services, Njuli-Estate, Malawi; International Potato Center (CIP), Njuli-Estate, Malawi; Universal Farming and Milling Ltd., Njuli-Estate, Malawi; World Agroforestry Centre, ICRAF Southern Africa, Kenya	Chiipanthenga, M., Bunda College of Agriculture, University of Malawi, Njuli-Estate, Malawi, Kasinthula Research Station, Department of Agricultural Research Services, Njuli-Estate, Malawi; Maliro, M., Bunda College of Agriculture, University of Malawi, Njuli-Estate, Malawi; Demo, P., International Potato Center (CIP), Njuli-Estate, Malawi; Njoloma, J., Bunda College of Agriculture, University of Malawi, Njuli-Estate, Malawi, World Agroforestry Centre, ICRAF Southern Africa, Kenya; Khumar, N., Universal Farming and Milling Ltd., Njuli-Estate, Malawi	Potato yields in developing countries are below potential yield because potato production is mainly constrained by lack of quality seed. Lack of potato seed systems to provide farmers with quality clean and certified potato seed has led majority of farmers save their own seed. Such potato seed is characterized by systemic viral and bacterial diseases that are transmitted from generation to generation and this leads to low crop yields. The study was aimed at exploring the use of tissue culture and aeroponics techniques in the production of quality potato seed. Potato plantlets were produced in the tissue culture laboratory at Bvumbwe Research Station, 15° 41′ 0″ South, 35° 8′ 0″ East in Thyolo district of Malawi and then transferred to an aeroponics facility at Njuli Estate, 15° 41′ 0″ South, 35° 8′ 0″ East in Chiradzulu district of Malawi. The four potato genotypes did not differ on plant growth performance, but responded differently to aeroponics system in terms of mini tuber yield and stolon numbers. Genotypes CIP381381.20 and CIP381381.13 showed superiority among the other tested genotypes in terms of tuber number per plant. Genotype CIP381381.20 produced significantly higher number of stolons than the rest. In this study, on an average 30 tubers were produced per plant under aeroponics system which is six times more than the conventional (use of soil-based substrate) seed potato production system under screen house conditions (5 tubers per plant) under Malawian conditions.	Aeroponics; Potato; Potato genotypes; Potato seed; Solanum tuberosum; Tissue culture	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-81055157615	Investigating the performance of thermonebulisation fungicide fogging system for loaded fruit storage room using CFD model	Delele M.A., Vorstermans B., Creemers P., Tsige A.A., Tijskens E., Schenk A., Opara U.L., Nicolaï B.M., Verboven P.	2012	Journal of Food Engineering	109	1	10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2011.09.030	BIOSYST-MeBioS, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium; Proefcentrum Fruitteelt, Fruittuinweg 1, 3800 Sint-Truiden, Belgium; Flanders Centre of Postharvest Technology, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium; South African Research Department in Postharvest Technology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa	Delele, M.A., BIOSYST-MeBioS, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium, South African Research Department in Postharvest Technology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; Vorstermans, B., Proefcentrum Fruitteelt, Fruittuinweg 1, 3800 Sint-Truiden, Belgium; Creemers, P., Proefcentrum Fruitteelt, Fruittuinweg 1, 3800 Sint-Truiden, Belgium; Tsige, A.A., BIOSYST-MeBioS, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium; Tijskens, E., BIOSYST-MeBioS, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium; Schenk, A., Flanders Centre of Postharvest Technology, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium; Opara, U.L., South African Research Department in Postharvest Technology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; Nicolaï, B.M., BIOSYST-MeBioS, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium, Flanders Centre of Postharvest Technology, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium; Verboven, P., BIOSYST-MeBioS, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium	To study the operation of postharvest storage fungicide fogging systems, a CFD model was used. The modelling was based on an Eulerian-Lagrangian multiphase flow model. The effect of air circulation rate, circulation interval, bin design, stacking pattern and room design on deposition of fungicide was investigated. Air circulation rates of 0 m3 h-1 (no circulation), 2100 and 6800 m3 h-1 were used. Interval circulation of air was also investigated. The highest fungicide deposition was observed during fogging without circulation while the lowest deposition corresponded to fogging with the highest circulation rate. For the considered on/off combination times, the effect of circulation interval on overall average deposition and uniformity was not significantly different from the case of fogging with continuous air circulation. Bin with higher vent hole ratio and the presence of air deflector increased the amount and uniformity of deposition. Good agreement was found between measured and predicted results of deposition of fungicide particles. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Aerosol; Airflow; Apple; CFD; Cold storage; Pyrimethanil	Air circulation; Air deflectors; Airflow; Apple; Bin design; CFD models; Circulation rates; Fogging system; Fruit storage; Multi-phase flow models; Post-harvest storage; Pyrimethanil; Stacking patterns; Aerosols; Air; Bins; Cold storage; Computational fluid dynamics; Deposition; Fruits; Fungicides; Multiphase flow; Fog dispersal; Malus x domestica	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84871357624	Ground-based in situ measurements of near-surface aerosol mass concentration over Anantapur: Heterogeneity in source impacts	Reddy B.S.K., Kumar K.R., Balakrishnaiah G., Gopal K.R., Reddy R.R., Sivakumar V., Arafath S.M., Lingaswamy A.P., Pavankumari S., Umadevi K., Ahammed Y.N.	2013	Advances in Atmospheric Sciences	30	1	10.1007/s00376-012-1234-5	Aerosol and Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, 515003 Andhra Pradesh, India; Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkoido University, Sapporo, 0600819, Japan; School of Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa; Department of Physics, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, 516003, India	Reddy, B.S.K., Aerosol and Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, 515003 Andhra Pradesh, India, Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkoido University, Sapporo, 0600819, Japan; Kumar, K.R., Aerosol and Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, 515003 Andhra Pradesh, India, School of Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa; Balakrishnaiah, G., Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Gopal, K.R., Aerosol and Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, 515003 Andhra Pradesh, India; Reddy, R.R., Aerosol and Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, 515003 Andhra Pradesh, India; Sivakumar, V., School of Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa; Arafath, S.M., Aerosol and Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, 515003 Andhra Pradesh, India; Lingaswamy, A.P., Aerosol and Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, 515003 Andhra Pradesh, India; Pavankumari, S., Aerosol and Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, 515003 Andhra Pradesh, India; Umadevi, K., Aerosol and Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, 515003 Andhra Pradesh, India; Ahammed, Y.N., Department of Physics, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, 516003, India	Surface measurements of aerosol physical properties were made at Anantapur (14.62°N, 77.65°E, 331 m a. s. l), a semiarid rural site in India, during August 2008-July 2009. Measurements included the segregated sizes of aerosolsas as well as total mass concentration and size distributions of aerosols measured at low relative humidity (RH&lt;75%) using a Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) in the 25-0.05 μm aerodynamic diameter range. The hourly average total surface aerosol mass concentration in a day varied from 15 to 70 μg m-3, with a mean value of 34.02±9.05 μg m-3 for the entire study period. A clear diurnal pattern appeared in coarse, accumulation and nucleation-mode particle concentrations, with two local maxima occurring in early morning and late evening hours. The concentration of coarse-mode particles was high during the summer season, with a maximum concentration of 11.81±0.98 μg m-3 in the month of April, whereas accumulationmode concentration was observed to be high in the winter period contributed &gt;68% to the total aerosol mass concentration. Accumulation aerosol mass fraction, Af (= Ma/Mt) was highest during winter (mean value of Af ~ 0.80) and lowest (Af ~ 0.64) during the monsoon season. The regression analysis shows that both Reff and Rm are dependent on coarse-mode aerosols. The relationship between the simultaneous measurements of daily mean aerosol optical depth at 500 nm (AOD500) and PM2.5 mass concentration ([PM2.5]) shows that surface-level aerosol mass concentration increases with the increase in columnar aerosol optical depth over the observation period. © 2012 Chinese National Committee for International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Science Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	aerosols mass concentration; backward trajectories; effective radius; size distribution	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956665238	Evaluation of the effect of duration of diabetes mellitus on peripheral neuropathy using the United Kingdom Screening Test Scoring System, Bio-thesiometry and Aesthesiometry	Oguejiofor O.C., Odenigbo C.U., Oguejiofor C.B.N.	2010	Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice	13	3	None	Department of Medicine, Teaching Hospital, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria; General Outpatient Department, Teaching Hospital, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria	Oguejiofor, O.C., Department of Medicine, Teaching Hospital, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria; Odenigbo, C.U., Department of Medicine, Teaching Hospital, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria; Oguejiofor, C.B.N., General Outpatient Department, Teaching Hospital, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria	Background and Objectives: Risk factors predisposing to foot ulceration in diabetic subjects are multiple. Long duration of diabetes mellitus is a major risk factor, likewise peripheral neuropathy (PN), which globally, is recognized as the commonest risk factor for foot disease in diabetic subjects. Objectives: To evaluate the effect of duration of diabetes mellitus on peripheral neuropathy using the United Kingdom Screening Test (UKST) Scoring System, Bio-thesiometry and Aesthesiometry, in Nigerian diabetic subjects without current or previous foot ulceration. Subjects and methods: One hundred and twenty (120) diabetes mellitus (DM) subjects with and without symptoms of peripheral neuropathy receiving care at the medical outpatient department (MOPD) and the diabetic clinic of the Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi, Nigeria, were recruited consecutively as they presented. Data collected included subjects age (years), gender, age at first diagnosis of DM, duration of DM (years) and baseline fasting venous plasma glucose. The United Kingdom Screening Test (UKST) symptom score was used to separate the participants into two groups those with symptoms of PN and those without and the subjects further assessed by three methods the UKST Signs score, Bio-thesiometry and Aesthesiometry to determine the presence ofPN. Results: Among the 120 diabetic participants, 83(69.2%) had neuropathic symptoms (the symptomatic participants) while 37(30.8%) were asymptomatic (the asymptomatic participants). The different methods of diagnosing PN increasingly detected PN with increasing duration of diabetes. For the symptomatic group, the UKST method detected PN least in those with duration of DM <5 years (73.9%) and 100.0% in those with duration of DM > 15 years while for the asymptomatic group, it detected PN in 25.0% of those with duration of DM <5 years, and 100.0% for those with duration of DM >15 years. For the symptomatic group, Aesthesiometry detected PN in 65.2% of those with duration of DM <5 years and 91.7% in those with duration of DM >15 years. For the asymptomatic group, it detected PN in 29.2% of those with duration of DM <5 years and 100.0% in those with duration of DM >15 years. Likewise, for the symptomatic group, Bio-thesiometry detected PN in 47.8% of those with duration of DM <5 years and 100.0% in those with duration of DM >15 years. For the asymptomatic group, it detected PN in 16.7% of those with duration of DM <5 years and 100.0% in those with duration of DM > 15 years. Conclusion: Long duration of diabetes mellitus and peripheral neuropathy are risk factors for foot complication in Nigerians with diabetes mellitus. Diabetic subjects with long duration of diabetes (>10 years) almost always have associated peripheral neuropathy, and should be recognized as a special group at high risk for foot disease from DM. Specific preventive programs should target this group to reduce the rate of avoidable loss of limbs to diabetes.	Aesthesiometry; Biothesiometry; Diabetic foot ulceration; Peripheral neuropathy; United Kingdom Screening Test	adult; aged; article; diabetic foot; diabetic neuropathy; evaluation; glucose blood level; hospitalization; human; insulin dependent diabetes mellitus; male; middle aged; Nigeria; perceptive threshold; physiology; risk factor; time; touch; vibration; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetic Foot; Diabetic Neuropathies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nigeria; Risk Factors; Sensory Thresholds; Severity of Illness Index; Time Factors; Touch Perception; Vibration	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70350139048	Microbial evaluation and deterioration of paints and paint-products	Obidi O.F., Aboaba O.O., Makanjuola M.S., Nwachukwu S.C.U.	2009	Journal of Environmental Biology	30	5 SUPPL.	None	Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Lagos, 11001, Nigeria; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Lagos, 11001, Nigeria	Obidi, O.F., Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Lagos, 11001, Nigeria; Aboaba, O.O., Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Lagos, 11001, Nigeria; Makanjuola, M.S., Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Lagos, 11001, Nigeria; Nwachukwu, S.C.U., Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Lagos, 11001, Nigeria	The microbial quality of materials and final products of a reputable paint industry in Lagos area were analysed. The bacterial contaminants isolated in the paint-products included Bacillus brevis, B. polymyxa, B. laterosporus, Lactobacillus gasseri, L. brevis, Esherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis. The fungal contaminants detected in the paints were mainly Aspergillus niger, A. flavus and Penicillium citrinum. The microbial populations in the raw materials ranged from 1.0 × 106 - 9.5 × 106 cfu g -1 for bacteria and between 1.25 × 104 and 6.8 × 104 cfu g-1 for fungi while those present in packaging materials ranged from 3.45 × 106 - 7.65 × 106 cfu g-1 for bacteria and 2.4 × 103 - 2.8 × 103 cfu g-1 for fungi respectively. The bacterial populationsin the fresh paint samples monitored every two weeks from the time of production ranged from 1.6 × 101 - 4.7 × 105 cfu ml-1 while the fungal populations ranged from 1.0 × 101 - 5.5 × 103 cfu ml-1 over a ten-month study period. The optical density at 600 nm increased while transmittance, pH, specific gravity and viscosity of the paint samples decreased over the period suggesting gradual deterioration of the aesthetic qualities of the paint-products with time as indicated by the measured parameters. © Triveni Enterprises.	Aesthetic qualities; Contaminants; Deterioration; Paints	paint; bacterium; biomonitoring; fungus; microbial activity; packaging waste; pollution monitoring; transmittance; viscosity; article; Aspergillus flavus; Aspergillus niger; bacterium contamination; Brevibacillus brevis; controlled study; Escherichia coli; fungal contamination; gravity; Lactobacillus brevis; Lactobacillus gasseri; nonhuman; optical density; Paenibacillus polymyxa; paint industry; Penicillium citrinum; pH measurement; Proteus mirabilis; viscosity; Aspergillus flavus; Aspergillus niger; Bacteria; Colony Count, Microbial; Equipment Contamination; Paint; Penicillium; Aspergillus niger; Bacteria (microorganisms); Brevibacillus brevis; Fungi; Lactobacillus gasseri; Penicillium citrinum; Polymyxa; Proteus mirabilis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33751331914	The impact of recent queenloss and colony pheno-type on the removal of small hive beetle (Aethina tumida Murray) eggs and larvae by African honeybee colonies (Apis mellifera capensis Esch.)	Spiewok S., Neumann P.	2006	Journal of Insect Behavior	19	5	10.1007/s10905-006-9046-z	Institut für Zoologie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 4, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany; Swiss Bee Research Centre, Agroscope Liebefeld-Posieux Swiss Federal Research Station ALP, Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, CH-3003 Bern, Switzerland; Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; Eastern Bee Research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China	Spiewok, S., Institut für Zoologie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 4, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany; Neumann, P., Swiss Bee Research Centre, Agroscope Liebefeld-Posieux Swiss Federal Research Station ALP, Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, CH-3003 Bern, Switzerland, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa, Eastern Bee Research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China	The removal of small hive beetle [=SHB] eggs and larvae was studied in queenright and recently queenless Cape honeybee, Apis mellifera capensis, colonies over a range of phenotypes. The overall removal efficiency was not influenced by phenotypes or queenstate, because all introduced eggs and larvae were removed within 24 hours. Queenless colonies removed them merely slower than queenright ones. The latter ones rejected up to 300 larvae within one hour. However, colonies undergoing preparation for absconding did not completely remove SHB offspring, suggesting that removal efficiency was reduced. Since even small and recently queenless colonies effectively removed immature SHB, and no differences in the overall efficiency was found compared to A. m. scutellata we conclude that this defense behavior is well developed in African honeybees. © 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	Aethina tumida; Apis mellifera; Honeybee; Hygienic behavior; Parasite; Small hive beetle	Aethina tumida; Apis mellifera; Apis mellifera scutellata; Coleoptera	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33750475184	Evaluation of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner as an alternative control of small hive beetles, Aethina tumida Murray (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae)	Buchholz S., Neumann P., Merkel K., Hepburn H.R.	2006	Journal of Pest Science	79	4	10.1007/s10340-006-0141-x	Institut für Zoologie, Martin-Luther-Universität, Halle-Wittenberg 06099 Halle, Germany; Swiss Bee Research Centre, Swiss Federal Research Station for Animal Production and Dairy Products (ALP), CH-3003 Bern, Switzerland; Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, 6140 Grahamstown, South Africa; Eastern Bee research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural University, Heilongtan, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China	Buchholz, S., Institut für Zoologie, Martin-Luther-Universität, Halle-Wittenberg 06099 Halle, Germany; Neumann, P., Swiss Bee Research Centre, Swiss Federal Research Station for Animal Production and Dairy Products (ALP), CH-3003 Bern, Switzerland, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, 6140 Grahamstown, South Africa, Eastern Bee research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural University, Heilongtan, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China; Merkel, K., Institut für Zoologie, Martin-Luther-Universität, Halle-Wittenberg 06099 Halle, Germany; Hepburn, H.R., Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, 6140 Grahamstown, South Africa, Eastern Bee research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural University, Heilongtan, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China	Small hive beetles, Aethina tumida Murray, are parasites and scavengers of honeybee colonies, Apis mellifera L., and have become an invasive species that can cause considerable damage in its new distribution areas. An effective subspecies of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (=Bt) would provide an alternative to chemical control of this pest. Therefore, we tested three different Bt strains [B. thuringiensis, var. aizawai (B401®), B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Novodor®) and B. thuringiensis var. San Diego tenebrionis (Jackpot®)] and Perizin® (3.2% coumaphos), each applied on combs with a pollen diet fed to pairs of adult beetles. This evaluates the products for the suppression of successful small hive beetle reproduction. While none of the tested Bt strains showed a significant effect on the number of produced wandering larvae, we could confirm the efficacy of coumaphos for the control of small hive beetles. We further show that it is also efficient when applied with a lower concentration as a liquid on the combs. We suggest the continued search for efficient Bt strains naturally infesting small hive beetles in its endemic and new ranges, which may become a part of the integrated management of this pest. © Springer-Verlag 2006.	Aethina tumida; Bacillus thuringiensis; Coumaphos; Honeybee; Integrated pest management; Small hive beetle	beetle; honeybee; integrated pest management; Aethina tumida; Apis mellifera; Bacillus thuringiensis; Bacillus thuringiensis serovar berliner; Coleoptera; Nitidulidae	None
None	None	Septicaemia in a population-based HIV clinical cohort in rural Uganda, 1996-2007: Incidence, aetiology, antimicrobial drug resistance and impact of antiretroviral therapy	Mayanja B.N., Todd J., Hughes P., Van Der Paal L., Mugisha J.O., Atuhumuza E., Tabuga P., Maher D., Grosskurth H.	2010	Tropical Medicine and International Health	15	6	10.1111/j.1365-3156.2010.02528.x	MRCUVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, PO Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; International Rescue Committee, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Mayanja, B.N., MRCUVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, PO Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda; Todd, J., MRCUVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, PO Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Hughes, P., MRCUVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, PO Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda; Van Der Paal, L., MRCUVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, PO Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda, International Rescue Committee, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Mugisha, J.O., MRCUVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, PO Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda; Atuhumuza, E., MRCUVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, PO Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda; Tabuga, P., MRCUVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, PO Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda; Maher, D., MRCUVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, PO Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Grosskurth, H., MRCUVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, PO Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom	Objectives To describe the incidence and aetiology of septicaemia, and antimicrobial drug resistance in HIV-infected and uninfected individuals, and the impact of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on septicaemia. Methods Between 1996 and 2007, we followed up a rural population-based cohort of HIV-infected and uninfected participants. The aetiology and incidence of septicaemia, and antimicrobial drug resistances were determined. ART became available in 2004, and its impact on the incidence of septicaemia was examined. Results The overall septicaemia incidence (per 1000 pyrs) was 32.4 (95% CI 26.2-40.6) but was only 2.6 (95% CI 1.3-6.2) in HIV-negative patients and 67.1 (95% CI 53.4-85.4) in HIV-positive patients not on ART. Among those on ART, the overall incidence was 71.5 (95% CI 47.1-114.3), although it was 121.4 (95%CI 77.9-200.4) in the first year on ART and 37.4 (95%CI 18.9-85.2) in the subsequent period. Septicaemia incidence was significantly associated with lower CD4 counts. The commonest isolates were Streptococcus pneumoniae (SPN, n = 68) and Non-typhi salmonellae (NTS, n = 42). Most SPN isolates were susceptible to ceftriaxone and erythromycin, while resistance to cotrimoxazole and penicillin was common. All NTS isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, but resistance to cotrimoxazole and chloramphenicol was common. Conclusions Septicaemia incidence was higher in HIV-infected than in HIV-uninfected participants, and it remained high for some time among those who started ART. Starting ART earlier at higher CD4 counts is likely to lead to lower septicaemia incidence. Both SPN and NTS, the commonest isolates, were resistant to most commonly available antimicrobials. Blood culture laboratory surveillance systems to monitor antibiotic susceptibility and inform treatment guidelines are needed in Africa. © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.	Aetiology; Antimicrobial; Antiretroviral therapy; HIV; Incidence; Septicaemia; Uganda	amoxicillin; antiretrovirus agent; ceftriaxone; chloramphenicol; ciprofloxacin; cotrimoxazole; erythromycin; penicillin G; tetracycline; cohort analysis; disease control; disease incidence; disease treatment; drug resistance; etiology; human immunodeficiency virus; rural area; adolescent; adult; antibiotic resistance; antibiotic sensitivity; article; CD4 lymphocyte count; cohort analysis; controlled study; female; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; incidence; major clinical study; male; population research; rural area; Salmonella; septicemia; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Uganda; Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Bacteria; Cohort Studies; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Female; HIV Infections; HIV Seronegativity; HIV Seropositivity; Humans; Incidence; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Rural Health; Sepsis; Uganda; Young Adult; Uganda; Streptococcus pneumoniae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33846524438	Seroprevalence of small ruminant brucellosis in selected districts of Afar and Somali pastoral areas of Eastern Ethiopia: The impact of husbandry practice	Teshale S., Muhie Y., Dagne A., Kidanemariam A.	2006	Revue de Medecine Veterinaire	157	11	None	Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 34, Dbrezeit, Ethiopia; National Animal Health Research Center, Sebeta, Ethiopia	Teshale, S., Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 34, Dbrezeit, Ethiopia; Muhie, Y., Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 34, Dbrezeit, Ethiopia; Dagne, A., National Animal Health Research Center, Sebeta, Ethiopia; Kidanemariam, A., National Animal Health Research Center, Sebeta, Ethiopia	A seroprevalence study of small ruminant brucellosis was conducted in two sheep and goat rearing pastoral regions of Ethiopia, namely Afar and Somali, from November 2004 to April 2005. Sera from 2000 sheep and goats were tested by Rose Bengal Plate test (RBPT) and Indirect Enzyme Linked Immuno - Sorbent Assay (I - ELISA). Out of the 2000 sera tested 1.9% (n = 38) were positive to RBPT and 9.7% (n = 193) were positive to I - ELISA. This investigation is the first of its type to be performed in small ruminants kept under pastoral production systems. There was statistically highly significant difference (P &lt; 0.001) between the over all seropositivity revealed by RBPT and I - ELISA (Z 0.05 = 250; 95% C.I. for the difference between prevalence using I - ELISA and RBPT = 7.69, 7.81). Only fair agreement (Kappa = 31.25%) was observed between RBPT and I - ELISA for the detection of Brucella antibodies in sera of sheep and goats. Higher prevalence rate (16%) was found in Afar region (where commingling of animals at communal grazing is the common practice) while lower prevalence (1.9%) was recorded in Somali region where herding and range-land utilization is based on clan basis. (X2 = 117.06; P &lt; 0.001). Afar region is about 12 times at risk of infection with Brucella organisms (OR = 11.76; C.I: 6.76, 22.11). Brucella antibodies were more prevalent in goats (13.2%; C.I: 11.2, 15.3) than in sheep (5.6%; C.I: 4.2, 7.3). This difference is statistically significant (X2 = 32.5; P &lt; 0.001; OR = 0.392). No difference was observed in prevalence between male and female study animals. The current study revealed higher prevalence of Brucella antibodies (9.7%) in the absence of Brucella vaccination. This is an indication of the wide spread nature of Brucella infection in the study areas. The Afar region is particularly at high risk of brucellosis. Further epidemiological studies on the distribution and risk factors of brucellosis in the area are warranted.	Afar; Brucellosis; Ethiopia; Small ruminants; Somali	Animalia; Bovidae; Brucella; Capra hircus; Ovis aries	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880115352	Effect of feeding Prosopis juliflora pods and leaves on performance and carcass characteristics of Afar sheep	Ali A.S., Tudsri S., Rungmekarat S., Kaewtrakulpong K.	2012	Kasetsart Journal - Natural Science	46	6	None	Afar Pastoral and Agro-pastoral Research Institute, Afar Region, Samara 16, Ethiopia; Department of Agronomy, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Department of Farm Mechanics, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand	Ali, A.S., Afar Pastoral and Agro-pastoral Research Institute, Afar Region, Samara 16, Ethiopia; Tudsri, S., Department of Agronomy, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Rungmekarat, S., Department of Agronomy, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Kaewtrakulpong, K., Department of Farm Mechanics, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand	Twenty Afar male sheep with initial mean body weight ± SD of 17.87 ± 1.19 kg were used to evaluate the effect of replacing commercial feed with Prosopis juliflora pods and leaves on growth performance, carcass and meat quality characteristics. Animals were equally divided into four dietary treatment groups for 120 d (Rhode grass hay (RGH), RGH + 300 g ground P. juliflora pods (PJP), RGH + 150 g each ground P. juliflora pods and leaves mix (PJPLM) and RGH + 300 g commercial concentrate mix (CCM) per head per day). Total dry matter and crude protein intakes increased (P < 0.05) in treatments supplemented with ground PJP and CCM. The average weight gain and meat quality parameters obtained by supplementing with 300 g ground PJP were significantly higher than the RGH and PJPLM treatment groups, but were comparable with that of CCM. The present study demonstrated the potential of using PJP for Afar lambs without adverse effects on growth and carcass characteristics. However, the intake of PJP reduced when mixed with leaves and this indicates the leaves are unpalatable.	Afar sheep; Carcass characteristics; Feed intake; Growth; Prosopis juliflora	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84881299076	Comparative evaluation of a two-reagent cold stain method with Ziehl-Nelseen method for pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosis	Weldu Y., Asrat D., Woldeamanuel Y., Hailesilasie A.	2013	BMC Research Notes	6	1	10.1186/1756-0500-6-323	Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Amhara, Ethiopia; Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia	Weldu, Y., Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Amhara, Ethiopia; Asrat, D., Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Woldeamanuel, Y., Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Hailesilasie, A., Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia	Background: Bacteriological examination of sputum is the cornerstone in diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in developing world, which is usually done using a Ziehl-Nelseen (ZN) method. However, due to limited laboratory facilities that can satisfy the procedure, applicability of this procedure appears to be adversely affected in field conditions and at peripheral health institutions. Hence, it has become necessary to look for a procedure which can be used as alternative in such conditions.In a cross-sectional study, using convenient sampling technique 362 pulmonary tuberculosis suspected patients who attended at Mekelle University Hospital (MUH) between November 2011 and February 2012 were included. After obtaining an informed consent, spot- morning-spot sputum samples were collected from suspected patients. Then a set of duplicate slides, of which one was allocated to a two-reagent cold method (a method of staining which requires carbol fuchsine as a primary stain and Gabbet's methylene blue both as a decolorizer and counter stain) and the other to the Zeihl-Nelseen method were smeared evenly from representative portion of each specimen using the protocol for duplicate smear preparation. Stained smears were read blindly by two technologists at different occasions. Finally to assure quality, all positive smears and 25% of the negative smears were cross checked by senior experienced examiner. Findings. Overall concordance between the two methods was 99.7% (kappa (κ) = 0.98; 95%, confidence interval 0.93-1.00), and the observed agreement was statistically significant (p<0.001). When evaluated against Ziehl-Nelseen method, sensitivity and specificity of the two-reagent cold staining method were 95.8% (95% confidence interval 93.7-97.9) and 100% respectively. Positive and negative predictive values of the two-reagent cold staining method were respectively 100% and 99.7%. Positive and negative agreements between the two techniques were respectively 97.9% and 99.9%. Conclusion: The two-reagent cold staining method was found to be a suitable alternative to the conventional Ziehl-Nelseen method; it was at least as specific as Ziehl-Neelsen method although somewhat less sensitive. However, large scale multicentric studies need to be performed for further evaluation of this cold staining method. © 2013 Weldu et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	AFB microscopy; Cold stain; Ethiopia; Gabbet's methylene blue; PTB; Zeihl-Neelsen	carbol-fuchsin solution; fuchsine; methylene blue; chemistry; comparative study; cross-sectional study; diagnostic use; human; isolation and purification; microbiology; microscopy; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; procedures; sensitivity and specificity; sputum; staining; standards; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Methylene Blue; Microscopy; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Rosaniline Dyes; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sputum; Staining and Labeling; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84885012115	The role of AFB microscopy training in improving the performance of laboratory professionals: Analysis of pre and post training evaluation scores	Reji P., Aga G., Abebe G.	2013	BMC Health Services Research	13	1	10.1186/1472-6963-13-392	TB CARE I/ Management Sciences for Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Oromia Health Bureau, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Pathology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia	Reji, P., TB CARE I/ Management Sciences for Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Aga, G., Oromia Health Bureau, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Abebe, G., Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Pathology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia	Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains major cause of morbidity and mortality due to any one of infectious agent worldwide. In low income countries, Ziehl-Neelsen sputum smear microscopy is the only cost-effective tool for diagnosis and monitoring of patients on treatment. In order to have efficient AFB microscopy centers, it is imperative to have continuous refresher training for laboratory professionals and strong External Quality Assessment (EQA) system). However, very little data exists as to the effect of in-service training on performance of laboratory personnel in Ethiopia.The objective of this study was to investigate the role of AFB microscopy refresher training on the performance of laboratory professionals. Methods. A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted to appraise theoretical and practical performance of laboratory professionals before and after AFB microscopy training. Theoretical assessment was based on standard questions while practical assessment was based on smear reading of 10 standard slides. Data on eight rounds of a five days training at Adama regional laboratory on AFB microscopy in 2009 was obtained and analyzed using SPSS 16.0 statistical software. Result: The pre-training mean score of the theoretical knowledge and practical skills were 61.8% and 75.7%, respectively. The post training mean scores were 84.2% and 89.2% for theoretical knowledge and practical skills, respectively. The increase in mean score of both theoretical and practical assessment was statistically significant (p < 0.0001). Post training mean score of theoretical knowledge was higher among diploma holders trainees than the BSc degree counter parts (p = 0.001). The mean scores on practice before and after training was dependent on participation in previous AFB microscopy trainings (p < 0.0001). Proportions of trainees with both major and minor errors were found to decrease after they were trained. Trainees who have had previous training were found to commit less errors than those who were not participated in previous training (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Training has improved theoretical and practical performance of laboratory professionals. Pre-placement and continuous training irrespective of lab professionals qualification and service year and sustainable EQA are highly recommended to ensure quality of AFB microscopy service. © 2013 Reji et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	AFB; Refresher training; Scores; Tuberculosis	article; education; female; human; laboratory personnel; lung tuberculosis; male; medical error; microbiology; microscopy; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; statistics; total quality management; Educational Measurement; Female; Humans; Laboratory Personnel; Male; Medical Errors; Microscopy; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Quality Improvement; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84896692504	In vitro evaluation of the cytotoxic and apoptogenic properties of aloe whole leaf and gel materials	Du Plessis L.H., Hamman J.H.	2014	Drug and Chemical Toxicology	37	2	10.3109/01480545.2013.834356	Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Hoffman Street, Potchefstroom 2530, South Africa	Du Plessis, L.H., Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Hoffman Street, Potchefstroom 2530, South Africa; Hamman, J.H., Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Hoffman Street, Potchefstroom 2530, South Africa	Aloe gel and whole-leaf materials have shown biological effects with potential therapeutic applications, and recently, their drug-Absorption enhancement properties have been discovered. It is important to establish a safety profile for these materials before they can be used in pharmaceutical products. The aim of the study was to investigate the in vitro cytotoxicity of Aloe vera, Aloe marlothii, Aloe speciosa and Aloe ferox against human hepatocellular (HepG2), human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) and human adenocarcinoma epithelial cells (HeLa). Flow cytometry was used to measure cell viability, apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The aloe gel materials investigated only decreased cell viability at concentrations of >10mg/mL and exhibited half-maximal cytotoxic concentration (CC50) values above 1000mg/mL, except for A. vera gel in HepG2 cells (CC50=269.3mg/mL). A. speciosa whole-leaf material showed a significant decrease in viability of Hela cells, whereas the other whole-leaf materials did not show a similar effect. The aloe gel materials in general showed low levels of apoptosis, whereas A. vera and A. speciosa whole-leaf materials caused a dose-dependent increase of apoptosis in HeLa cells. None of the aloe materials investigated exhibited a significant increase in ROS. It can be concluded that the selected aloe materials caused only limited reduction in cell viability with limited in vitro cytotoxicity effects. Further, neither significant apoptosis effects were observed nor induction of ROS. © 2014 Informa Healthcare USA, Inc. All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.	A. ferox; A. marlothii; A. speciosa; A. vera; Apoptosis; Cytotoxicity; Reactive oxygen species	Aloe ferox extract; Aloe marlothii extract; Aloe speciosa extract; Aloe vera extract; antineoplastic agent; daltonmax 700; emodin; reactive oxygen metabolite; unclassified drug; Aloe; Aloe ferox; Aloe marlothii; Aloe speciosa; Aloe vera; antineoplastic activity; apoptosis; article; cell strain HepG2; cell viability; controlled study; cytotoxicity; dose response; drug screening; female; flow cytometry; gel; HeLa cell; human; human cell; in vitro study; neuroblastoma cell; phytochemistry; plant leaf; Aloe; Apoptosis; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Survival; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Flow Cytometry; HeLa Cells; Hep G2 Cells; Humans; Neuroblastoma; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Reactive Oxygen Species; Species Specificity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79953164485	Process parameter influence on performance of friction taper stud welds in AISI 4140 steel	Hattingh D.G., Bulbring D.L.H., Els-Botes A., James M.N.	2011	Materials and Design	32	6	10.1016/j.matdes.2011.02.001	Friction Processing Research Institute, Faculty of Engineering, The Built Environment and Information Technology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa; School of Marine Science and Engineering, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, United Kingdom	Hattingh, D.G., Friction Processing Research Institute, Faculty of Engineering, The Built Environment and Information Technology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa; Bulbring, D.L.H., Friction Processing Research Institute, Faculty of Engineering, The Built Environment and Information Technology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa; Els-Botes, A., Friction Processing Research Institute, Faculty of Engineering, The Built Environment and Information Technology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa; James, M.N., Friction Processing Research Institute, Faculty of Engineering, The Built Environment and Information Technology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa, School of Marine Science and Engineering, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, United Kingdom	Friction taper stud welding is a new variant of friction welding which has been developed from the principles of friction hydro-pillar processing. This paper considers the effect of weld process parameters on weld defects, macrostructure and mechanical properties in AISI 4140 steel. It also presents 3D residual stress data for a typical friction taper stud weld. Applied downwards force, rotational speed and plunge depth (equivalent to consumable length) of the stud tool were systematically varied whilst measuring tool torque and temperature at several locations during welding. A simple Taguchi analysis was then used to relate process parameters and weld tensile strength. The combinations of parameters leading to high tensile strength are identified and linked to the occurrence of specific weld defects. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.	A. Ferrous metals and alloys; D. Welding; E. Mechanical	AISI 4140 steel; D. Welding; E. Mechanical; Ferrous metals and alloys; High-tensile strength; Macrostructures; Measuring tools; Process parameters; Rotational speed; Taguchi analysis; Weld defects; Weld process; Defects; Electric welding; Friction; Iron; Mechanical properties; Metallurgy; Steel sheet; Stud welding; Studs (fasteners); Studs (structural members); Tribology; Welds; Tensile strength	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84903997164	Modelling the long-term impacts on affected children of adult HIV: Benefits, challenges and a possible approach	Desmond C., Bruce F., Tomlinson M., Marlow M.B., Aber J.L., Ouifki R., Welte A.	2014	AIDS	28	SUPPL. 3	10.1097/QAD.0000000000000329	Human and Social Development Research Programme, Human Sciences Research Council, 750 Francois Road, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal 4001, South Africa; South African Centre for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis, South Africa; Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York University, NY, United States	Desmond, C., Human and Social Development Research Programme, Human Sciences Research Council, 750 Francois Road, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal 4001, South Africa; Bruce, F., South African Centre for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis, South Africa; Tomlinson, M., Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Marlow, M.B., Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Aber, J.L., Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York University, NY, United States; Ouifki, R., South African Centre for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis, South Africa; Welte, A., South African Centre for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis, South Africa	We outline the benefits, challenges and possible approaches to developing mathematical models that could be used to estimate the magnitude of negative consequences of adult HIV infection for children. Adult HIV infection can lead to numerous negative consequences for dependent children, including depression, anxiety, withdrawal from school and early sexual debut, among others. For advocacy and planning purposes, it is important to highlight and consider as many of these as possible. A focus solely on orphan numbers, which is the typical summary measure for children affected by HIV and AIDS, can be misleading. The complexity of child development that is characterized by the interaction of a multitude of proximal and distal factors, coupled with a significant lack of data on child development in the context of adult HIV infection make the development of models a challenging task. Although it may not be possible in the first attempt to develop a population-based model capable of examining family dynamics, the negative consequences together with the impact of interventions, steps in that direction can be taken. We propose approaches and assumptions that we believe will allow the development of a useful first set of models. We conclude with a brief discussion of the type of data that, if collected, would facilitate refinement and development of these models. © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.	affected children; child development; modelling; orphans	acquired immune deficiency syndrome; adult disease; anxiety; article; child development; child health; childhood disease; depression; disease course; environmental factor; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; incidence; maternal welfare; priority journal; risk factor; adult; child; child parent relation; family health; female; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; mental disease; preschool child; psychology; theoretical model; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Family Health; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Mental Disorders; Models, Theoretical; Parent-Child Relations	USAID, National Research Foundation; National Research Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-84894555016	The Job Insecurity Scale: A psychometric evaluation across five European countries	Vander Elst T., De Witte H., De Cuyper N.	2014	European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology	23	3	10.1080/1359432X.2012.745989	Research Group on Work, Organizational and Personnel Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Vanderbijlpark Campus, North-West University, South Africa	Vander Elst, T., Research Group on Work, Organizational and Personnel Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; De Witte, H., Research Group on Work, Organizational and Personnel Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, Vanderbijlpark Campus, North-West University, South Africa; De Cuyper, N., Research Group on Work, Organizational and Personnel Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium	Multiple instruments have been developed and used to measure quantitative job insecurity (i.e., insecurity to lose the job as such), often without systematic evaluation of their psychometric characteristics across countries and language barriers. This may hamper consistent and reliable cross-study and cross-country comparisons. This study's aim was to introduce and validate the four-item Job Insecurity Scale (JIS) developed by De Witte across five European countries (i.e., Belgium, The Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, and the UK). Overall, the results demonstrated the construct validity (i.e., configural invariance and invariance of the measurement model parameters), the reliability (internal consistency of the items), and the criterion validity (with respect to affective organizational commitment, perceived general health, and self-reported performance) of the JIS. The different translations of the JIS can thus be considered as valid and reliable instruments to measure job insecurity and can be used to make meaningful comparisons across countries. Furthermore, the JIS translations may be utilized to assess how job insecurity is related to outcomes. © 2014 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.	Affective organizational commitment; Cross-country validation; Job Insecurity Scale; Perceived general health; Self-reported performance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84943820595	The impact of management practices on job satisfaction: Insights from a state-owned institution	Maleka M.J., Rankhumise E.M.	2014	Problems and Perspectives in Management	12	4	None	South Africa	Maleka, M.J., South Africa; Rankhumise, E.M., South Africa	The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of management practices on job satisfaction. The literature shows that employers in the private sector are struggling to retain black employees, and implementation of the Employment Equity Act (EEA) is moving at a slow pace in this sector. At the time of the study, there is a dearth of literature on the impact of management practices on job satisfaction in the South African context, especially research soliciting employees' views about EEA implementation and their sexual harassment experiences. In this study, the researchers adopted a qualitative research approach, using a state-owned institution as a case study. The interview protocol is developed from the literature, and data are collected from sixteen participants. The findings indicate that there are challenges with regard to management practices, including the implementation of affirmative action, with which participants are not happy. In addition, there are clear cases of sexual harassment in the institution, and most of all, top management is adopting a bureaucratic management style. This study contributes to the body of knowledge in relation to the factors that lead to the dissatisfaction of employees, since it reveals that if the management practices identified above are not properly addressed by the management of the state-owned institution in question, it would find it difficult to retain employees and keep them satisfied. © Molefe J. Maleka, Edward M. Rankhumise, 2014.	Affirmative action; Bureaucracy; Dissatisfaction; Management practice	None	None
None	None	The impact of cost recovery and sharing system on water policy implementation and human right to: A case of Ileje, Tanzania	Kibassa D.	2011	Water Science and Technology	63	11	10.2166/wst.2011.482	Institute of Human Settlement Studies (IHSS), Ardhi University (ARU), P.O. Box 35124, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Kibassa, D., Institute of Human Settlement Studies (IHSS), Ardhi University (ARU), P.O. Box 35124, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	In Tanzania, the National Water Policy (NAWAPO) of 2002 clearly stipulates that access to water supply and sanitation is a right for every Tanzanian and that cost recovery is the foundation of sustainable service delivery. To meet these demands, water authorities have introduced cost recovery and a water sharing system. The overall objective of this study was to assess the impact of cost recovery and the sharing system on water policy implementation and human rights to water in four villages in the Ileje district. The specific objectives were: (1) to assess the impact of cost recovery and the sharing system on the availability of water to the poor, (2) to assess user willingness to pay for the services provided, (3) to assess community understanding on the issue of water as a human right, (4) to analyse the implications of the results in relation to policies on human rights to water and the effectiveness of the implementation of the national water policy at the grassroots, and (5) to establish the guidelines for water pricing in rural areas. Questionnaires at water demand, water supply, ability and willingness to pay and revenue collection were the basis for data collection. While 36.7% of the population in the district had water supply coverage, more than 73,077 people of the total population of 115,996 still lacked access to clean and safe water and sanitation services in the Ileje district. The country's rural water supply coverage is 49%. Seventy-nine percent of the interviewees in all four villages said that water availability in litres per household per day had decreased mainly due to high water pricing which did not consider the income of villagers. On the other hand, more than 85%of the villagers were not satisfied with the amount they were paying because the services were still poor. On the issue of human rights to water, more than 92% of the villagers know about their right to water and want it exercised by the government. In all four villages, more than 78% of the interviewees are willing to pay for water provided that the tariffs are affordable. Water policy implementation continues slowly: regardless of the fact that more than five years have passed since policy inception, 60% of the villagers in Itumba still have no water services at all. The study shows that government fulfilment of human rights to water has a long way to go, especially in rural areas where people cannot afford to pay for water and some of the villages still depend on water from wells and seasonal rivers. © IWA Publishing 2011.	Affordability; Cost recovery; Human right to water; Water policy; Willingness to pay	Affordability; Cost recovery; Human rights; Water policy; Willingness to pay; Depreciation; Economics; Rating; Recovery; Rural areas; Sanitation; Surveys; Water management; Water supply; Costs; cost-benefit analysis; data acquisition; environmental policy; governance approach; grassroots level; guideline; human rights; policy implementation; pricing policy; public access; questionnaire survey; sanitation; service provision; sustainability; village; water availability; water demand; water economics; water management; water planning; water supply; willingness to pay; article; awareness; consumer; cost; cost recovery; government; human; human rights; national water policy; normal human; policy; practice guideline; prospective pricing; public health service; questionnaire; right to water; rural area; rural population; Tanzania; tax; water availability; water supply; Consumer Participation; Human Rights; Humans; Poverty; Public Policy; Rural Population; Tanzania; Water Supply; Ileje; Mbeya [Tanzania]; Tanzania	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-35649012028	Clinical performance of an in-house real-time RT-PCR assay using a fluorogenic LUX™ primer for quantitation of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1)	Rekhviashvili N., Stevens W., Marinda E., Gonin R., Stevens G., McIntyre J., Wood R.	2007	Journal of Virological Methods	146	42371	10.1016/j.jviromet.2007.05.024	Department of Molecular Medicine and Hematology, National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), University of the Witwatersrand (WITS), 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand (WITS), Faculty of Health Science, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa; Westat, Rockville, MD 20850, United States; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Unit 006, Magaliszicht Avenue, Albury Park, Dunkel West, Johannesburg 2196, South Africa; Perinatal HIV Research Unit (PHRU), WITS University, WITS Health Consortium, Old Potch Road, Soweto, Johannesburg, South Africa; The Desmond Tutu HIV Center, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa	Rekhviashvili, N., Department of Molecular Medicine and Hematology, National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), University of the Witwatersrand (WITS), 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; Stevens, W., Department of Molecular Medicine and Hematology, National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), University of the Witwatersrand (WITS), 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; Marinda, E., School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand (WITS), Faculty of Health Science, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa; Gonin, R., Westat, Rockville, MD 20850, United States; Stevens, G., International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Unit 006, Magaliszicht Avenue, Albury Park, Dunkel West, Johannesburg 2196, South Africa; McIntyre, J., Perinatal HIV Research Unit (PHRU), WITS University, WITS Health Consortium, Old Potch Road, Soweto, Johannesburg, South Africa; Wood, R., The Desmond Tutu HIV Center, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa	The South African National Antiretroviral Treatment Guideline recommends the use of HIV viral load assays for routine monitoring of HIV-1 positive patients on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART). Approved commercial HIV-1 viral load assays are expensive for developing countries where a large number of patients are treated in the public sector. The evaluation of an in-house HIV-1 viral load assay (LUX assay) is described using 458 plasma specimens. Good specificity of the LUX assay was demonstrated using 50 seronegative plasma specimens. A group of 142 HIV-1 positive patients was used to assess the agreement between the LUX assay and the COBAS Amplicor assay. An intra class correlation (ICC) coefficient of 0.85 (CI 95%) indicated good agreement between the assays. The Bland-Altman model showed good agreement between the assays for ∼87% of the results (mean 0.03 [-1.26; 1.32], CI 95%). In a cohort of 55 patients followed-up longitudinally the LUX assay showed similar declines in viral load to the COBAS Amplicor assay in response to therapy. Viral rebound was detected in 5 patients out of 55 by both assays. Thus, the LUX assay compares well to the gold standard and represents an affordable alternative for high volume testing in resource limited settings. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Affordable; HIV-1 viral load; LUX primer; Quantitative real-time RT-PCR	antiretrovirus agent; article; blood sampling; controlled study; correlation coefficient; gold standard; highly active antiretroviral therapy; human; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; intermethod comparison; major clinical study; model; nonhuman; priority journal; quantitative analysis; real time polymerase chain reaction; reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; sensitivity and specificity; serology; treatment outcome; virus load; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sensitivity and Specificity; Viral Load; Human immunodeficiency virus 1	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879555890	Potential impacts of afforestation on climate change and extreme events in Nigeria	Abiodun B.J., Salami A.T., Matthew O.J., Odedokun S.	2013	Climate Dynamics	41	2	10.1007/s00382-012-1523-9	Climate System Analysis Group, Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Climate Change Unit, Institute Ecology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Abiodun, B.J., Climate System Analysis Group, Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Salami, A.T., Climate Change Unit, Institute Ecology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Matthew, O.J., Climate Change Unit, Institute Ecology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Odedokun, S., Climate Change Unit, Institute Ecology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Afforestation is usually thought as a good approach to mitigate impacts of warming over a region. This study presents an argument that afforestation may have bigger impacts than originally thought by previous studies. The study investigates the impacts of afforestation on future climate and extreme events in Nigeria, using a regional climate model (RegCM3), forced with global climate model simulations. The impacts of seven afforestation options on the near future (2031-2050, under A1B scenario) climate and the extreme events are investigated. RegCM3 replicates essential features in the present-day (1981-2000) climate and the associated extreme events, and adequately simulates the seasonal variations over the ecological zones in the country. However, the model simulates the seasonal climate better over the northern ecological zones than over the southern ecological zones. The simulated spatial distribution of the extreme events agrees well with the observation, though the magnitude of the simulated events is smaller than the observed. The study shows that afforestation in Nigeria could have both positive and negative future impacts on the climate change and extreme events in the country. While afforestation reduces the projected global warming and enhances rainfall over the afforested area (and over coastal zones), it enhances the warming and reduces the rainfall over the north-eastern part of the country. In addition, the afforestation induces more frequent occurrence of extreme rainfall events (flooding) over the coastal region and more frequent occurrence of heat waves and droughts over the semi-arid region. The positive and negative impacts of the afforestation are not limited to Nigeria; they extend to the neighboring countries. While afforestation lowers the warming and enhances rainfall over Benin Republic, it increases the warming and lowers the rainfall over Niger, Chad and Cameroon. The result of the study has important implication for the ongoing climate change mitigation and adaptation efforts in Nigeria. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.	Afforestation; Climate change; Extreme events; Geo-engineering; Monsoon; Nigeria	afforestation; climate change; climate modeling; extreme event; global warming; monsoon; rainfall; regional climate; seasonal variation; spatial distribution; Nigeria	NRF, National Research Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-78449276319	Impact of reforestation in a part of degrading natural ecological system of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria	Oriola E.O., Ifabiyi I.P., Hammed A.T.	2010	African Journal of Agricultural Research	5	20	None	Department of Geography, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Park and Garden Unit, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	Oriola, E.O., Department of Geography, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Ifabiyi, I.P., Department of Geography, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Hammed, A.T., Park and Garden Unit, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	This paper examines the response of soils in degraded land to reforestation in Ilorin region. A total of 16 soil samples were systematically collected from two quadrats of 25 × 25 m in each of reforested and deforested sites respectively. Standard laboratory techniques were used to test 8 soil fertility indices on each of the landscapes. Coefficient of variation was used to establish variability or otherwise within the data set. Student's 't' test was used to determine the significance of difference of the sample means of forested and deforested soil parameters. The result of the laboratory test revealed that vegetation cover affects the soil properties. Generally, the physical properties of the soil in this area are homogenous but variations exist in the chemical properties which fundamentally determine soil fertility. At the end, the conclusion was that fertility status of the soil increased under forest cover. It is therefore important for the government to provide adequate awareness and educate the people on reforestation of degraded land and land use and soil properties because they tend to affect each other. Government at local, state and federal levels should intensify effort on afforestation projects and replacement of trees when cut. Forest funding for afforestation has to shift from public to private to enhance community participation and their mobilization for forest conservation and sustainable forest resources and environmental development. © 2010 Academic Journals.	Afforestation; Deforestation; Soil fertility status; Soil properties; Trees	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-38649129788	Land area eligible for afforestation and reforestation within the clean development mechanism: A global analysis of the impact of forest definition	Zomer R.J., Trabucco A., Verchot L.V., Muys B.	2008	Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change	13	3	10.1007/s11027-007-9087-4	International Water Management Institute (IWMI), P.O. Box 2075, Colombo, Sri Lanka; World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF), P.O. Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya; Division Forest, Nature and Landscape, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; c/o IWMI, P.O. Box 2075, Colombo, Sri Lanka	Zomer, R.J., International Water Management Institute (IWMI), P.O. Box 2075, Colombo, Sri Lanka, c/o IWMI, P.O. Box 2075, Colombo, Sri Lanka; Trabucco, A., International Water Management Institute (IWMI), P.O. Box 2075, Colombo, Sri Lanka; Verchot, L.V., World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF), P.O. Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya; Muys, B., Division Forest, Nature and Landscape, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, 3001 Leuven, Belgium	Within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Kyoto Protocol, countries have significant latitude to define a forest. The most important parameter affecting area designated as forest is the minimum crown cover which can be set between 10 and 30%. The choice will have implications for the amount of land available in a country for afforestation and reforestation activities within the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM-AR). In this paper, we present an analysis of the regional differences in land availability for CDM-AR projects. We then examine how the choice of a high or low threshold value for crown cover will affect the area available for CDM activities and how the limitations imposed by this element of the definition compares to other factors that are likely to limit CDM activities. Results represent a global analysis that included all countries not included in Annex I of the Kyoto Protocol, and examined the effect on land availability of a range of crown cover thresholds ranging from 10-30%. Of the 140 Non-Annex One countries, 107 countries were found to have a potential for CDM-AR projects. Asia had the largest amount of combined area suitable for CDM-AR at the 10% crown cover threshold level. However, at 30%, South America had the greatest amount of land available, and a large change in available land area, which increased by almost five times compared to what was available at the 10% threshold. The area available in Africa increased by a factor of 5.5. Central America showed the largest increase, to almost 10 times more at the 30% threshold. By contrast, within Asia, the area increase was comparatively less, but still the area nearly doubled. Globally, a low threshold of 10% crown cover excluded almost 2/3 of the land identified that was eligible at 30%, over 5 million km2. The spatial analyses showed not only the effects of the choice of the crown cover criterion, but also where the land was available for CDM activities within each country at different thresholds. Protected areas account for 10-20% of the CDM-AR eligible area in most countries. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, B.V.	Afforestation/Reforestation; Carbon sequestration; CDM-AR; Clean development mechanism; Climate change mitigation; Forest definition; Global spatial analysis; Land suitability modeling; Land use land cover and forestry (LULUCF)	afforestation; clean development mechanism; comparative study; environmental impact assessment; forest cover; reforestation; spatial analysis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953500575	ICARDA's approach in seed delivery: Technical performance and sustainability of village-based seed enterprises in Afghanistan	Srinivas T., Bishaw Z., Rizvi J., Niane A.A., Manan A.R., Amegbeto K.	2010	Journal of New Seeds	11	2	10.1080/15228861003754156	Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Kerala, India; Seed Unit, ICARDA, PO Box 5466, Aleppo, Syrian Arab Republic; ICARDA, Kabul, Afghanistan; FAO Sub Regional Office, Accra, Ghana	Srinivas, T., Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Kerala, India; Bishaw, Z., Seed Unit, ICARDA, PO Box 5466, Aleppo, Syrian Arab Republic; Rizvi, J., ICARDA, Kabul, Afghanistan; Niane, A.A., Seed Unit, ICARDA, PO Box 5466, Aleppo, Syrian Arab Republic; Manan, A.R., ICARDA, Kabul, Afghanistan; Amegbeto, K., FAO Sub Regional Office, Accra, Ghana	In the absence of organized formal public or private sector, finding an innovative alternative seed delivery remains a key challenge. ICARDA initiated a novel approach of establishing farmer-led village-based seed enterprises (VBSEs) to ensure rapid access to quality seed of adapted new crop varieties under the Alternative Livelihoods Program (ALP-E) on integrated staple crop development in eastern Afghanistan. This article describes VBSEs, their technical performance, profitability, and impact, and assesses their sustainability as alternative options in Afghanistan. The technical performance of VBSEs showed that they collectively produced 1,060 and 2,170 MT quality seed of wheat, rice, mung bean, and potato in 2006/7 and in 2007/8, respectively. Average purity and germination of seed produced was 98.67 and 93.47%, respectively, in 2006/7 and 98.13 and 91.25% in the same order for 2007/8. It is evident from the profitability analysis of VBSEs' seed operations that all were economically viable by breaking even and covering fixed and variable costs. The net profit from seed business was $315,531 for 15 VBSEs in 2006/7 and it reached $1,311,060 in 2007/8 for 17 VBSEs. For all VBSEs, returns-to-asset ratio showed strong earnings of 3.5% and 4% in 2006/7 and 2007/8, respectively and were lower than an acceptable stress level of 6%. All VBSEs had current ratio above the threshold of one and therefore were not vulnerable to meet short-term debts. The average debt-to-asset ratio of all VBSEs was low (5% in 2006/7 and 1.6% in 2007/8) suggesting their strong borrowing capacity with no financial risk. Similarly, the debt-to-equity ratio indicated that in all cases, the farmers' share of the seed enterprise equity averaged about 5.42% and 1.6% during 2006/7 and 2007/8, respectively. The most progressive and experienced VBSEs are using diversification strategies to increase and stabilize revenues. This provides evidence that quality-seed production at community-level in the form of VBSEs is profitable and an alternative seed-delivery system complementing the formal sector in Afghanistan and elsewhere. © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.	Afghanistan; Breakeven analysis; Impact; Liquidity ratios; Profitability; Village-based seed enterprises	Solanum tuberosum; Triticum aestivum; Vigna radiata var. radiata	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-39549087881	Impact of mycotoxins on human health in developing countries	Shephard G.S.	2008	Food Additives and Contaminants	25	2	10.1080/02652030701567442	PROMEC Unit, Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa	Shephard, G.S., PROMEC Unit, Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa	Adverse human health effects from the consumption of mycotoxins have occurred for many centuries. Although mycotoxin contamination of agricultural products still occurs in the developed world, the application of modern agricultural practices and the presence of a legislatively regulated food processing and marketing system have greatly reduced mycotoxin exposure in these populations. At the mycotoxin contamination levels generally found in food products traded in these market economies, adverse human health effects have largely been overcome. However, in the developing world, where climatic and crop storage conditions are frequently conducive to fungal growth and mycotoxin production, much of the population relies on subsistence farming or on unregulated local markets. The extent to which mycotoxins affect human health is difficult to investigate in countries whose health systems lack capacity and in which resources are limited. Aflatoxin B1, the toxin on which major resources have been expended, has long been linked to liver cancer, yet its other effects, such as immune suppression and growth faltering previously observed in veterinary studies, are only now being investigated and characterized in human populations. The extent to which factors such as immune suppression contribute to the overall burden of infectious disease is difficult to quantify, but is undoubtedly significant. Thus, food safety remains an important opportunity for addressing current health problems in developing countries.	Aflatoxicosis; Aflatoxin; Africa; Cancer; Developing countries; Fumonisin; Health; Mycotoxin; Risk assessment	aflatoxin B1; carcinogen; fumonisin; immunoglobulin A; mycotoxin; aflatoxicosis; article; cancer incidence; cancer risk; climate change; developing country; esophagus cancer; food contamination; food intake; food processing; food safety; food storage; gastrointestinal symptom; growth retardation; gynecomastia; human; infection risk; kidney disease; liver cancer; malnutrition; morbidity; mortality; mycotoxicosis; neural tube defect; population exposure; poverty; precocious puberty; priority journal; public health; quantitative analysis; risk assessment; risk factor; underweight; Adult; Animals; Cereals; Child; Child, Preschool; Developing Countries; Ergot Alkaloids; Food Contamination; Humans; Infant; Mycotoxicosis; Mycotoxins; Public Health; Risk Factors	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-74049106141	Impact of Aspergillus section Flavi community structure on the development of lethal levels of aflatoxins in Kenyan maize (Zea mays)	Probst C., Schulthess F., Cotty P.J.	2010	Journal of Applied Microbiology	108	2	10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04458.x	Department of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States; International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Plant Health Division, Nairobi, Kenya; USDA-ARS, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States	Probst, C., Department of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States; Schulthess, F., International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Plant Health Division, Nairobi, Kenya; Cotty, P.J., Department of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States, USDA-ARS, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States	Aims: To evaluate the potential role of fungal community structure in predisposing Kenyan maize to severe aflatoxin contamination by contrasting aflatoxin-producing fungi resident in the region with repeated outbreaks of lethal aflatoxicosis to those in regions without a history of aflatoxicosis. Methods and Results: Fungi belonging to Aspergillus section Flavi were isolated from maize samples from three Kenyan provinces between 2004 and 2006. Frequencies of identified strains and aflatoxin-producing abilities were assessed, and the data were analysed by statistical means. Most aflatoxin-producing fungi belonged to Aspergillus flavus. The two major morphotypes of A. flavus varied greatly between provinces, with the S strain dominant in both soil and maize within aflatoxicosis outbreak regions and the L strain dominant in nonoutbreak regions. Conclusions: Aspergillus community structure is an important factor in the development of aflatoxins in maize in Kenya and, as such, is a major contributor to the development of aflatoxicosis in the Eastern Province. Significance and Impact of the Study: Since 1982, deaths caused by aflatoxin-contaminated maize have repeatedly occurred in the Eastern Province of Kenya. The current study characterized an unusual fungal community structure associated with the lethal contamination events. The results will be helpful in developing aflatoxin management practices to prevent future outbreaks in Kenya. © 2009 The Society for Applied Microbiology.	Aflatoxicosis; Aspergillus flavus; Corn; Fungal community structure; Kenya	aflatoxin; community structure; fungus; identification method; maize; morphotype; mortality; statistical analysis; toxin; aflatoxicosis; article; Aspergillus flavus; community structure; food contamination; fungal community; fungal strain; fungus identification; fungus isolation; maize; morphotype; nonhuman; Aflatoxins; Aspergillus flavus; Disease Outbreaks; Food Contamination; Kenya; Soil; Soil Microbiology; Zea mays; Eastern Province [Kenya]; Kenya; Aspergillus; Aspergillus flavus; Fungi; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84893073387	Diversity of aflatoxin-producing fungi and their impact on food safety in sub-Saharan Africa	Probst C., Bandyopadhyay R., Cotty P.J.	2014	International Journal of Food Microbiology	174	None	10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.12.010	The University of Arizona, School of Plant Sciences, Tucson 85721, United States; International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IIITA), PMB 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria; USDA-ARS, The University of Arizona, School of Plant Sciences, Tucson 85721, United State	Probst, C., The University of Arizona, School of Plant Sciences, Tucson 85721, United States; Bandyopadhyay, R., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IIITA), PMB 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria; Cotty, P.J., The University of Arizona, School of Plant Sciences, Tucson 85721, United States, USDA-ARS, The University of Arizona, School of Plant Sciences, Tucson 85721, United States	Crops frequently contaminated by aflatoxins are important sources of revenue and daily nourishment in many portions of sub-Saharan Africa. In recent years, reports have associated aflatoxins with diminished human health and export opportunities in many African Nations. Aflatoxins are highly carcinogenic metabolites mainly produced by members of Aspergillus sect. Flavi. The current study examined aflatoxin-producing fungi associated with maize grain intended for human consumption in 18 sub-Saharan African countries. 4469 Aspergillus sect. Flavi isolates were obtained from 339 samples. The majority (75%) of isolates belonged to the L strain morphotype of A. flavus. Minor percentages were A. tamarii (6%), A. parasiticus (1%), and isolates with S strain morphology (3%). No A. bombycis or A. nomius isolates were detected. Phylogenetic analyses of partial sequences of the nitrate reductase gene (niaD, 1.3kb) and the aflatoxin pathway transcription factor gene (aflR, 1.7kb) were used to verify isolate assignments into species and lineages. Phylogenetics resolved S strain isolates producing only B aflatoxins into two lineages fully supported by sizes of deletions in the gene region spanning the aflatoxin biosynthesis genes cypA (aflU) and norB (aflF). One lineage was the A. flavus S strain with either 0.9 or 1.5kb deletions. The second lineage, recently described from Kenya, has a 2.2kb deletion. Taxa with S strain morphology differed in distribution with strain SBG limited to West Africa and both A. minisclerotigenes and the new lineage from Kenya in Central and East Africa. African A. flavus L strain isolates formed a single clade with L strain isolates from other continents. The sampled maize frequently tested positive for aflatoxins (65%), fumonisins (81%), and deoxynivalenol (40%) indicating the presence of fungi capable of producing the respective toxins. Percentage of samples exceeding US limits for total aflatoxins (regulatory limit), fumonisins (advisory limit), and deoxynivalenol (advisory limit) were 47%, 49%, 4%, respectively. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.	Aflatoxin; Africa; Aspergillus flavus; Food security; Maize; Mycotoxins	aflatoxin; fumonisin; nitrate reductase; transcription factor; vomitoxin; Africa south of the Sahara; article; Aspergillus; cypa gene; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; extraction; food intake; food safety; fungus; fungus isolation; gene; gene amplification; gene deletion; in vitro study; indel mutation; limit of detection; limit of quantitation; maize; microbial diversity; mycotoxin extraction; nonhuman; norb gene; parsimony analysis; phylogeny; plant structures; Aflatoxin; Africa; Aspergillus flavus; Food security; Maize; Mycotoxins; Aflatoxins; Africa South of the Sahara; Aspergillus; Base Sequence; Food Microbiology; Food Safety; Genes, Fungal; Humans; Phylogeny; Sequence Deletion; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84938414925	Longitudinal evaluation of aflatoxin exposure in two cohorts in south-western Uganda	Kang M.-S., Nkurunziza P., Muwanika R., Qian G., Tang L., Song X., Xue K., Nkwata A., Ssempebwa J., Lutalo T., Asiki G., Serwadda D., Seeley J., Kaleebu P., Nalugoda F., Newton R., William J.H., Wang J.-S.	2015	Food Additives and Contaminants - Part A Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure and Risk Assessment	32	8	10.1080/19440049.2015.1048749	College of Public Health and Peanut CRSP, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States; Medical Research Council (MRC)/Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI) Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Rakai Health Sciences Program, Entebbe, Uganda; School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; University of York, York, United Kingdom	Kang, M.-S., College of Public Health and Peanut CRSP, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States; Nkurunziza, P., Medical Research Council (MRC)/Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI) Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Muwanika, R., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Entebbe, Uganda; Qian, G., College of Public Health and Peanut CRSP, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States; Tang, L., College of Public Health and Peanut CRSP, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States; Song, X., College of Public Health and Peanut CRSP, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States; Xue, K., College of Public Health and Peanut CRSP, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States; Nkwata, A., College of Public Health and Peanut CRSP, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States; Ssempebwa, J., School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Lutalo, T., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Entebbe, Uganda; Asiki, G., Medical Research Council (MRC)/Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI) Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Serwadda, D., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Entebbe, Uganda, School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Seeley, J., Medical Research Council (MRC)/Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI) Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Kaleebu, P., Medical Research Council (MRC)/Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI) Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Nalugoda, F., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Entebbe, Uganda; Newton, R., Medical Research Council (MRC)/Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI) Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda, University of York, York, United Kingdom; William, J.H., College of Public Health and Peanut CRSP, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States; Wang, J.-S., College of Public Health and Peanut CRSP, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States	Aflatoxins (AF) are a group of mycotoxins. AF exposure causes acute and chronic adverse health effects such as aflatoxicosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in human populations, especially in the developing world. In this study, AF exposure was evaluated using archived serum samples from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seronegative participants from two cohort studies in south-western Uganda. AFB<inf>1</inf>–lysine (AFB-Lys) adduct levels were determined via HPLC fluorescence in a total of 713 serum samples from the General Population Cohort (GPC), covering eight time periods between 1989 and 2010. Overall, 90% (642/713) of the samples were positive for AFB-Lys and the median level was 1.58 pg mg−1 albumin (range = 0.40–168 pg mg−1 albumin). AFB-Lys adduct levels were also measured in a total of 374 serum samples from the Rakai Community Cohort Study (RCCS), across four time periods between 1999 and 2003. The averaged detection rate was 92.5% (346/374) and the median level was 1.18 pg mg−1 albumin (range = 0.40–122.5 pg mg−1 albumin). In the GPC study there were no statistically significant differences between demographic parameters, such as age, sex and level of education, and levels of serum AFB-Lys adduct. In the RCCS study, longitudinal analysis using generalised estimating equations revealed significant differences between the adduct levels and residential areas (p = 0.05) and occupations (p = 0.02). This study indicates that AF exposure in people in two populations in south-western Uganda is persistent and has not significantly changed over time. Data from one study, but not the other, indicated that agriculture workers and rural area residents had more AF exposure than those non-agricultural workers and non-rural area residents. These results suggest the need for further study of AF-induced human adverse health effects, especially the predominant diseases in the region. © 2015 Taylor & Francis.	aflatoxin B<inf>1</inf>–lysine adduct; aflatoxins; cohort studies; human exposure; Uganda	Aflatoxins; Agriculture; Amino acids; Body fluids; Developing countries; Population dynamics; Rural areas; Viruses; Adverse health effects; Aflatoxin B; Cohort studies; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Human exposures; Human immunodeficiency virus; Statistically significant difference; Uganda; Diseases; aflatoxin B1; albumin; lysine; adult; Article; blood sampling; cohort analysis; controlled study; demography; educational status; environmental exposure; female; fluorescence analysis; high performance liquid chromatography; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; longitudinal study; major clinical study; male; occupation; population; priority journal; residential area; rural area; Uganda; Human immunodeficiency virus	DFID, National Institutes of Health; FIC, National Institutes of Health; MRC, National Institutes of Health; NIH, National Institutes of Health; USAID, National Institutes of Health
Scopus	2-s2.0-84937515316	Effect of supplementation with molecular or nano-clay adsorbent on growth performance and haematological indices of starter and grower turkeys fed diets contaminated with varying dosages of aflatoxin B<inf>1</inf>	Lala A.O., Oso A.O., Ajao A.M., Idowu O.M., Oni O.O.	2015	Livestock Science	178	None	10.1016/j.livsci.2015.05.029	Institute of Food Security, Environmental Resources and Agricultural Research, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Animal Nutrition, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department o	Lala, A.O., Institute of Food Security, Environmental Resources and Agricultural Research, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Oso, A.O., Department of Animal Nutrition, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Ajao, A.M., Department of Animal Nutrition, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Idowu, O.M., Department of Animal Nutrition, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Oni, O.O., Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	A 12-wk feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of supplementation with molecular or nano-clay adsorbent on growth performance and haematological indices of starter (0-56d) and grower (56-84d) turkeys fed diets contaminated with varying doses (0, 60, and 110ppb) of aflatoxin B<inf>1</inf>. Two hundred and sixteen 1-d-old male turkeys were assigned to 9 diets supplemented with no adsorbent, molecular clay adsorbent, and nano-clay adsorbent and contaminated with 0, 60, and 110ppb aflatoxin B<inf>1</inf> in a 3×3 factorial arrangement of treatments with 3 replicate pens and 8 turkeys per pen. The turkeys were housed in an open-sided, deep litter system, which was partitioned into 27 pens (2×1.5m2) using wire mesh. As aflatoxin contamination increased from 0 to 110ppb, feed intake and weight gain decreased and feed conversion ratio (FCR) increased in starter turkeys, but the adverse effects of aflatoxin were progressively less from those fed the diets with no adsorbent to molecular clay adsorbent and then to nano-clay adsorbent (adsorbent× aflatoxin. P<0.044). Grower turkeys fed the diets with adsorbents consumed more feed and had better FCR than those fed the diets without adsorbent, and those fed the diets with nano-clay adsorbent had better FCR than grower turkeys fed the diets with molecular clay adsorbent (P<0.001). The highest mortality was observed in starter and grower turkeys fed the diet with no adsorbent and contaminated with 110ppb aflatoxin (adsorbent×aflatoxin, P=0.002). As aflatoxin increased in starter and grower turkeys fed the diets with no adsorbent, white blood cell (WBC) and lymphocyte counts increased and packed cell volume (PCV) decreased, whereas aflatoxin had no noticeable effect on those response criteria in turkeys fed the diets with molecular clay and nano-clay adsorbent (adsorbent×aflatoxin, P<0.05). Starter turkeys fed the diets with adsorbents had a greater Hb and monocyte concentration (P<0.001), whereas grower turkeys fed the diets with adsorbents had less heterophil and eosinophil counts (P<0.043) than those fed the diets with no adsorbent. In conclusion, supplementation of aflatoxin-contaminated diets with clay adsorbents seemed to improve weight gain and reduce mortality, and reduce adverse effects of aflatoxin on PCV and Hb in turkeys. Grower turkeys fed the diet supplemented with nano-clay adsorbent had better growth performance than those fed the diet supplemented with molecular clay adsorbent. © 2015 Elsevier B.V..	Aflatoxin; Clay adsorbents; Growing turkey; Haematological indices	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-58149116837	Evaluation of atoxigenic isolates of Aspergillus flavus as potential biocontrol agents for aflatoxin in maize	Atehnkeng J., Ojiambo P.S., Ikotun T., Sikora R.A., Cotty P.J., Bandyopadhyay R.	2008	Food Additives and Contaminants - Part A Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure and Risk Assessment	25	10	10.1080/02652030802112635	International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Crop Protection and Environmental Biology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United St	Atehnkeng, J., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria, Department of Crop Protection and Environmental Biology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Ojiambo, P.S., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria, Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States; Ikotun, T., Department of Crop Protection and Environmental Biology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Sikora, R.A., Department of Soil Ecosystem Phytopathology and Nematology, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Cotty, P.J., Division of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States; Bandyopadhyay, R., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria	Aflatoxin contamination resulting from maize infection by Aspergillus flavus is both an economic and a public health concern. Therefore, strategies for controlling aflatoxin contamination in maize are being investigated. The abilities of eleven naturally occurring atoxigenic isolates in Nigeria to reduce aflatoxin contamination in maize were evaluated in grain competition experiments and in field studies during the 2005 and 2006 growing seasons. Treatments consisted of inoculation of either grains in vials or ears at mid-silking stage in field plots, with the toxigenic isolate (La3228) or atoxigenic isolate alone and co-inoculation of each atoxigenic isolate and La3328. Aflatoxin B1 + B2 concentrations were significantly (p &lt; 0.05) lower in the co-inoculation treatments compared with the treatment in which the aflatoxin-producing isolate La3228 was inoculated alone. Relative levels of aflatoxin B1 + B2 reduction ranged from 70.1% to 99.9%. Among the atoxigenics, two isolates from Lafia, La3279 and La3303, were most effective at reducing aflatoxin B1 + B2 concentrations in both laboratory and field trials. These two isolates have potential value as agents for the biocontrol of aflatoxin contamination in maize. Because these isolates are endemic to West Africa, they are both more likely than introduced isolates to be well adapted to West African environments and to meet regulatory concerns over their use throughout that region.	Aflatoxin; Competitive exclusion; Corn; Mycotoxin; West Africa	aflatoxin B1; aflatoxin B2; aflatoxin; aflatoxin B1; aflatoxin B2; Africa; article; Aspergillus flavus; biological control agent; controlled study; enzyme analysis; enzyme stability; food analysis; food contamination; fungal contamination; fungus isolation; inoculation; maize; Nigeria; priority journal; bacterial spore; biological pest control; chemistry; crop; drug antagonism; ecology; food control; maize; methodology; microbiology; Aspergillus flavus; Zea mays; Aflatoxin B1; Aflatoxins; Aspergillus flavus; Crops, Agricultural; Ecology; Food Microbiology; Nigeria; Pest Control, Biological; Spores; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70350169925	Evaluation of microbial hazards associated with the processing of Suya (a grilled meat product)	Olayinka M.O., Temitope O.A., Innocent D.C.	2008	Scientific Research and Essays	3	12	None	Microbiology Department, University of Agriculture, P.M.B 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun state, Nigeria; Department of Catering and Hotel Management, Yaba College of Technology, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria	Olayinka, M.O., Microbiology Department, University of Agriculture, P.M.B 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun state, Nigeria; Temitope, O.A., Department of Catering and Hotel Management, Yaba College of Technology, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria; Innocent, D.C., Microbiology Department, University of Agriculture, P.M.B 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun state, Nigeria	Suya is a popular spicy roasted meat product in Nigeria. Ready-to-eat Suya samples were collected from six 'Suya spots' serving at least 240 consumers in 6 selected cities within south-western Nigeria. On-line process monitoring and sampling during processing was used to identify the Critical Control Points and evaluate microbiological hazards. Microbiological analyses of 144 samples of Suya, processing water, meat processing slabs, utensils, spices and raw meat revealed contamination with potential pathogens such as Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, salmonellae and aflatoxigenic molds (Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus) from utensils and hands of the producers during slicing, staking onto sticks, spicing and holding at ambient temperature (28 ± 2°C). Aerobic mesophilic counts were in the order of 105 cfu with the highest value (7.17) observed in the packaging material and the lowest value (1.47) observed in the processing water. The raw meat samples and processing slabs recorded counts in the same range (above 5.5). Occurrence of such organisms in ready-to-eat food constitutes a food safety issue which calls for urgent response in the education of Suya producers on the hazards, Critical Control Points and the importance of personal hygiene and clean environment. Critical limits for the Critical Control Points identified in this study are proposed. © 2008 Academic Journals.	Aflatoxin; Critical control points; Food safety; Grilled meat; HACCP; Microbiological hazards; Suya	Aspergillus flavus; Aspergillus parasiticus; Bacillus cereus; Salmonella; Staphylococcus aureus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84942550935	Evaluation of analytical assays efficiency to detect aflatoxin M<inf>1</inf> in milk from selected areas in Egypt and South Africa	Mwanza M., Abdel-Hadi A., Ali A.M., Egbuta M.	2015	Journal of Dairy Science	98	10	10.3168/jds.2014-9220	Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, North West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, South Africa; Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt; College of Applied Medical Sciences, Medical laboratories Department, Majmaah University, Saudi Arabia; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt	Mwanza, M., Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, North West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, South Africa; Abdel-Hadi, A., Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Medical laboratories Department, Majmaah University, Saudi Arabia; Ali, A.M., Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt; Egbuta, M., Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, North West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, South Africa	Recently, methods to analyze aflatoxin M<inf>1</inf> (AFM<inf>1</inf>) in milk and dairy products have been developed for both screening purposes (i.e., rapid, economical, and simple methods) and for confirmation by accurate, reproducible, and sensitive quantification. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of different rapid kits and techniques available on the market by using different analytical methods: thin layer chromatography (TLC), immunoaffinity column, AFM<inf>1</inf> immunochromatographic strip, and ELISA; some samples were also submitted to HPLC for comparison of results. One hundred thirty-eight samples were collected from rural subsistence and commercial dairy farms in selected areas of Egypt and South Africa and analyzed for the presence of AFM<inf>1</inf>. The results obtained by AFM<inf>1</inf> immunochromatographic strip indicated the lowest frequency of occurrence, with a detection incidence of 20.45% in Egyptian samples and 16% in South African samples. Aflatoxin M<inf>1</inf> was detected by ELISA in 65 (73.9%) Egyptian milk samples, with a range of 8.52 to 78.06 ng/L, and in 34 (68%) South African milk samples, with a range of 5 to 120 ng/L. A higher incidence of AFM<inf>1</inf> in Egyptian milk samples was shown by TLC (81.8%) compared with ELISA (73.9%). Samples analyzed by ELISA in South African milk samples demonstrated satisfactory correlation when compared with HPLC coupled with Coring cell (an electrochemical cell for the derivatization of AFM<inf>1</inf>). Among the positive samples, 18 of the Egyptian samples (20.45%) positive by ELISA had levels of AFM<inf>1</inf> above the European Union (EU) regulatory limit (50 ng/L), whereas 65 samples (73.9%) were above the Egyptian regulatory limit (0 ng/L). Six of the South African samples (12%) tested by ELISA were above the South African (50 ng/L) and EU regulatory limits. The mean concentration of AFM<inf>1</inf> was 25.79 ng/L in Egyptian samples and 17.06 ng/L by ELISA and 39 ng/L by HPLC in South African samples. These contamination levels would not represent a serious public health hazard according to EU legislation. © 2015 American Dairy Science Association.	Aflatoxin M<inf>1</inf>; ELISA; HPLC; Milk; Thin layer chromatography	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34247340143	Testcross performance and diversity analysis of white maize lines derived from backcrosses containing exotic germplasm	Menkir A., Ingelbrecht I., The C.	2007	Euphytica	155	3	10.1007/s10681-006-9344-8	International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Oyo Road, PMB 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria; IRAD, Nkolbisson Center, BP, 2067 Younde, Cameroon	Menkir, A., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Oyo Road, PMB 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria; Ingelbrecht, I., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Oyo Road, PMB 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria; The, C., IRAD, Nkolbisson Center, BP, 2067 Younde, Cameroon	Introgression from exotic maize (Zea mays L.) into adapted breeding pools can broaden and diversify the genetic base of adapted germplasm. The first objective of this study was to determine the agronomic performance of white maize lines derived from adapted x exotic backcrosses in tropical environments. Six exotic white maize inbred lines were crossed to an adapted white line (1368) and the F1s were backcrossed to 1368. Forty-one BC1F 4 lines derived from these backcrosses and the recurrent parent were crossed with a common inbred tester (9071) and the progeny were evaluated at eight environments in Nigeria. The testcrosses x environment interaction mean square was not significant for all agronomic traits. The BC-derived lines containing exotic germplasm contributed significantly to the variation in testcross mean grain yields and other agronomic traits. Among the 41 testcrosses, only 5 yielded significantly less than 1368 x 9071, with the 7 best testcrosses producing between 304 and 867 kg ha-1 more grain than 1368 x 9071. The second objective of this study was to assess the genetic divergence of the BC-derived white lines from their adapted recurrent parent. Thirty-nine BC-derived white lines along with 1368 and 9071 were genotyped with ten AFLP primer pairs that generated 506 polymorphic fragments. The average allelic diversity of the lines was 31 ± 0.07. The genetic distance (GD) estimates of each BC-derived line from 1368 varied from 0.76 to 0.84, with a mean of 0.80 ± 0.003. The average GD for all pairs of the BC-derived lines was 0.63 ± 0.005, varying from 0.31 to 0.89. The observed significant amount of variation among the BC-derived white lines suggests that they can contribute new alleles for expanding the genetic base of tropical maize and for developing high-yielding hybrids. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	AFLP; Agronomic performance; Backcross derived lines; Maize	Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84886745650	Carotenoid accumulation and agronomic performance of maize hybrids involving parental combinations from different marker-based groups	Menkir A., Gedil M., Tanumihardjo S., Adepoju A., Bossey B.	2014	Food Chemistry	148	None	10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.09.156	International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Oyo Road, PMB 5320 Ibadan, Nigeria; University of Wisconsin, 273 Nutritional Science, 1415 Linden DY, Madison, WI 53706, United States	Menkir, A., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Oyo Road, PMB 5320 Ibadan, Nigeria; Gedil, M., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Oyo Road, PMB 5320 Ibadan, Nigeria; Tanumihardjo, S., University of Wisconsin, 273 Nutritional Science, 1415 Linden DY, Madison, WI 53706, United States; Adepoju, A., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Oyo Road, PMB 5320 Ibadan, Nigeria; Bossey, B., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Oyo Road, PMB 5320 Ibadan, Nigeria	The present study examined the effect of crossing parental lines from two AFLP-based groups on carotenoid accumulation and agronomic performance in hybrids, which were tested in four environments in Nigeria. Environments, hybrids and hybrid × environment interactions had significant effects on carotenoid content. Hybrids had consistent carotenoid levels across test environments. The correlations between carotenoids produced in a specific branch of the biosynthetic pathway were significant and positive. Environments, hybrids and hybrid × environment interactions had significant effects on grain yield and other traits in this study. Several hybrids with high provitamin A content that were competitive to a commercial hybrid in grain yield and other traits were identified in this study. Selection of parental lines with high provitamin A content and desirable agronomic traits from different molecular-based groups may serve as the basis for developing hybrids with greater expression of heterosis in productivity and concentrations of provitamin A carotenoids. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism); Agronomic traits; Carotenoids; Hybrids; Marker-based groups	Agronomic traits; Amplified fragment length polymorphisms; Carotenoids; Hybrids; Marker-based groups; Agronomy; Pigments; alpha carotene; carotenoid; agronomic trait; article; bioaccumulation; controlled study; cross breeding; grain yield; hybrid; maize; Nigeria; nonhuman; plant environment interaction; Zea mays; AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism); Agronomic traits; Carotenoids; Hybrids; Marker-based groups; Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis; Biological Markers; Carotenoids; Hybridization, Genetic; Nigeria; Plant Extracts; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33748685240	Variation of the genomic proportion of the recurrent parent in BC 1 and its relation to yield performance in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) breeding for low-input conditions	Uptmoor R., Wenzel W., Ayisi K., Donaldson G., Gehringer A., Friedt W., Ordon F.	2006	Plant Breeding	125	5	10.1111/j.1439-0523.2006.01270.x	Institute of Vegetable and Fruit Science, University of Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, D-30419 Hannover, Germany; Agricultural Research Council (ARC), Grain Crops Institute (GCI), Private Bag X1251, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Department of Plant Production, University of the North, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa; Northern Province Department of Agriculture, Land and Environment (NPDALE), Potgietersrus, South Africa; Institute of Agronomy and Plant Breeding I (IPZ), Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany; Institute of Epidemiology and Resistance Resources, Federal Center for Breeding Research on Cultivated Plants, Theodor-Roemer-Weg 4, D-06449 Aschersleben, Germany	Uptmoor, R., Institute of Vegetable and Fruit Science, University of Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, D-30419 Hannover, Germany; Wenzel, W., Agricultural Research Council (ARC), Grain Crops Institute (GCI), Private Bag X1251, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Ayisi, K., Department of Plant Production, University of the North, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa; Donaldson, G., Northern Province Department of Agriculture, Land and Environment (NPDALE), Potgietersrus, South Africa; Gehringer, A., Institute of Agronomy and Plant Breeding I (IPZ), Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany; Friedt, W., Institute of Agronomy and Plant Breeding I (IPZ), Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany; Ordon, F., Institute of Epidemiology and Resistance Resources, Federal Center for Breeding Research on Cultivated Plants, Theodor-Roemer-Weg 4, D-06449 Aschersleben, Germany	In order to define the variation of the genomic proportion of the recurrent parent [G(RP)] and its relation to yield, G(RP) of individual BC1 plants of two sorghum populations composed of a high-yielding cultivar as recurrent parent (RP) and a donor with superior drought resistance or grain quality, respectively, was estimated using AFLPs and SSRs. G(RP) in BC1 ranged from 0.53 to 0.95 and averaged to 0.76 in the population (NP4453 x 'SV-2') x 'SV-2'. G(RP) varied between 0.60 and 0.86 and averaged to 0.74 in the BC1 of (ICV-219 x 'SV-2') x 'SV-2'. Results show that plants with a G(RP) equivalent to BC2 (0.875) or BC3 (0.938), respectively, can be selected from BC1. Yield performance of BC1S1 families was tested in field trials carried out in South Africa. The correlation between yield and G(RP) in BC1 was low. Selection according to G(RP) did not result in an effective preselection for yield. © 2006 The Authors.	AFLP; BC1; Genomic proportion of the recurrent parent; Sorghum bicolor; SSR; Yielding ability	Sorghum bicolor	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884127422	Evaluation of molecular assays for identification Campylobacter fetus species and subspecies and development of a C. fetus specific real-time PCR assay	van der Graaf-van Bloois L., van Bergen M.A.P., van der Wal F.J., de Boer A.G., Duim B., Schmidt T., Wagenaar J.A.	2013	Journal of Microbiological Methods	95	1	10.1016/j.mimet.2013.06.005	Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80165, 3508 TD Utrecht, Netherlands; Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 65, 8200 AB Lelystad, Netherlands; WHO Collaborating Center for Campylobacter, OIE Reference Laboratory for Campylobacteriosis, Netherlands; Allerton Provincial Veterinary Laboratory, Private Bag X2, Cascades, 3202, South Africa	van der Graaf-van Bloois, L., Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80165, 3508 TD Utrecht, Netherlands, WHO Collaborating Center for Campylobacter, OIE Reference Laboratory for Campylobacteriosis, Netherlands; van Bergen, M.A.P., Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 65, 8200 AB Lelystad, Netherlands, WHO Collaborating Center for Campylobacter, OIE Reference Laboratory for Campylobacteriosis, Netherlands; van der Wal, F.J., Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 65, 8200 AB Lelystad, Netherlands, WHO Collaborating Center for Campylobacter, OIE Reference Laboratory for Campylobacteriosis, Netherlands; de Boer, A.G., Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 65, 8200 AB Lelystad, Netherlands, WHO Collaborating Center for Campylobacter, OIE Reference Laboratory for Campylobacteriosis, Netherlands; Duim, B., Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80165, 3508 TD Utrecht, Netherlands, WHO Collaborating Center for Campylobacter, OIE Reference Laboratory for Campylobacteriosis, Netherlands; Schmidt, T., Allerton Provincial Veterinary Laboratory, Private Bag X2, Cascades, 3202, South Africa; Wagenaar, J.A., Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80165, 3508 TD Utrecht, Netherlands, Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 65, 8200 AB Lelystad, Netherlands, WHO Collaborating Center for Campylobacter, OIE Reference Laboratory for Campylobacteriosis, Netherlands	Phenotypic differentiation between Campylobacter fetus (C. fetus) subspecies fetus and C. fetus subspecies venerealis is hampered by poor reliability and reproducibility of biochemical assays. AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) and MLST (multilocus sequence typing) are the molecular standards for C. fetus subspecies identification, but these methods are laborious and expensive. Several PCR assays for C. fetus subspecies identification have been described, but a reliable comparison of these assays is lacking.The aim of this study was to evaluate the most practical and routinely implementable published PCR assays designed for C. fetus species and subspecies identification. The sensitivity and specificity of the assays were calculated by using an extensively characterized and diverse collection of C. fetus strains. AFLP and MLST identification were used as reference. Two PCR assays were able to identify C. fetus strains correctly at species level. The C. fetus species identification target, gene nahE, of one PCR assay was used to develop a real-time PCR assay with 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity, but the development of a subspecies venerealis specific real-time PCR (ISC. fe1) failed due to sequence variation of the target insertion sequence and prevalence in other Campylobacter species. None of the published PCR assays was able to identify C. fetus strains correctly at subspecies level. Molecular analysis by AFLP or MLST is still recommended to identify C. fetus isolates at subspecies level. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.	AFLP; Bovine genital campylobacteriosis; Campylobacter fetus; MLST; Real-time PCR; Subspecies identification	amplified fragment length polymorphism; article; bacterium identification; Campylobacter fetus; controlled study; gene insertion sequence; multilocus sequence typing; nonhuman; nucleotide sequence; priority journal; real time polymerase chain reaction; sensitivity and specificity; species identification; strain identification; subspecies; Bovinae; Campylobacter; Campylobacter fetus; AFLP; Bovine genital campylobacteriosis; Campylobacter fetus; MLST; Real-time PCR; Subspecies identification; Animals; Bacteriological Techniques; Campylobacter fetus; Campylobacter Infections; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sensitivity and Specificity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84898058291	Evaluation of the curative and preventive efficacy of a single oral administration of afoxolaner against cat flea Ctenocephalides felis infestations on dogs	Hunter J.S., Dumont P., Chester T.S., Young D.R., Fourie J.J., Larsen D.L.	2014	Veterinary Parasitology	201	42433	10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.02.024	Merial Limited, 3239 Satellite Boulevard, Duluth, GA 30096, United States; Merial SAS, 29 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France; Young Veterinary Research Services, 7243 East Avenue, Turlock, CA 95380, United States; ClinVet International, Universitas 9301, Bloemfontein, Free State, South Africa	Hunter, J.S., Merial Limited, 3239 Satellite Boulevard, Duluth, GA 30096, United States; Dumont, P., Merial SAS, 29 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France; Chester, T.S., Merial Limited, 3239 Satellite Boulevard, Duluth, GA 30096, United States; Young, D.R., Young Veterinary Research Services, 7243 East Avenue, Turlock, CA 95380, United States; Fourie, J.J., ClinVet International, Universitas 9301, Bloemfontein, Free State, South Africa; Larsen, D.L., Merial Limited, 3239 Satellite Boulevard, Duluth, GA 30096, United States	The efficacy of orally administered afoxolaner for treatment and prevention of repeated infestations with adult Ctenocephalides felis on dogs was evaluated in two studies after administration of a beef-flavored soft chew. In each study, 32 dogs were divided randomly into four equal groups. Dogs in Groups 1 and 3 were not treated and served as controls. Dogs in Groups 2 and 4 were treated on Day 0 with a combination of chewable tablets to be as close as possible to the minimum therapeutic dose of 2.5. mg/kg. All animals were infested experimentally with unfed C. felis (100. ±. 5) on Days -1, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35. Flea killing efficacy was evaluated in both studies while, efficacy against flea egg production was assessed in Study 1. Live fleas were counted at 12 (Groups 1 and 2) and 24. h (Groups 3 and 4), after treatment or after weekly infestations. In Study 1, flea eggs were collected and counted at either 12 or 24. h after each flea infestation on Days 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35. The results of both studies demonstrate the long lasting and rapid efficacy of afoxolaner against C. felis, when administered as a single oral dose to dogs. For flea counts conducted 24. h after treatment or infestation, efficacy was 100% for all time points up to Day 36 in both studies, except for one time point (99.9% on Day 22) for Study 2. For flea counts performed 12. h after treatment or infestation, efficacy was ≥95.2% until Day 21 in both studies. Efficacy at 12. h was ≥93.0% on Day 35 in Study 1 and ≥89.7% on Day 35 in Study 2. The treated groups had significantly fewer fleas than untreated control dogs in both studies for all flea counts (p= 0.003 Study 1, p=0.0006 Study 2). In Study 1, for all egg counts performed at or beyond Day 7, efficacy in egg reduction was >99% for all time points between Days 7 and 35. © 2014 The Authors.	Afoxolaner; Ctenocephalides felis; Curative and prophylactic efficacy; Dogs; Fleas	afoxolaner; animal experiment; article; beagle; chewable tablet; controlled study; drug efficacy; experimental infection; female; flea bite; imago; male; nonhuman; randomized controlled trial; single drug dose; treatment outcome; Animalia; Canis familiaris; Ctenocephalides felis; Siphonaptera (fleas); Afoxolaner; Ctenocephalides felis; Curative and prophylactic efficacy; Dogs; Fleas; Administration, Oral; Animals; Antiparasitic Agents; Ctenocephalides; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Flea Infestations; Isoxazoles; Male; Naphthalenes; Parasite Egg Count; Random Allocation; Treatment Outcome	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84898059162	Evaluation of the efficacy of afoxolaner against two European dog tick species: Dermacentor reticulatus and Ixodes ricinus	Dumont P., Blair J., Fourie J.J., Chester T.S., Larsen D.L.	2014	Veterinary Parasitology	201	42433	10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.02.017	Merial SAS, 29 Av Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France; ClinVet International, Universitas 9301, Bloemfontein, Free State, South Africa; Merial Limited, 3239 Satellite Boulevard, Duluth, GA 30096, United States	Dumont, P., Merial SAS, 29 Av Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France; Blair, J., Merial SAS, 29 Av Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France; Fourie, J.J., ClinVet International, Universitas 9301, Bloemfontein, Free State, South Africa; Chester, T.S., Merial Limited, 3239 Satellite Boulevard, Duluth, GA 30096, United States; Larsen, D.L., Merial Limited, 3239 Satellite Boulevard, Duluth, GA 30096, United States	The acaricidal efficacy of a novel oral formulation of afoxolaner (NEXGARD®, Merial) against two European tick species was assessed in dogs experimentally infested with Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus. Three studies, each characterized by a negative controlled randomized block design, were conducted with a total of 52 beagle or mongrel dogs of both sexes. Starting 2 days before treatment, each dog was infested weekly with approximately 50 ticks. The number of live ticks was counted at 48h post-treatment (Day 2) as well as 48h following each infestation on Days 9, 16, 23, and 30. Afoxolaner, administered at an average dose of 2.7mg/kg bodyweight (range 2.5-2.9mg/kg), rapidly eliminated the pre-existing tick infestations with over 99% acaricidal efficacy and controlled the weekly re-infestations for up to 30 days post treatment with over 96% efficacy on both tick species. Afoxolaner provides excellent acaricidal efficacy against these two major European tick species using the oral route of administration. © 2014 The Authors.	Afoxolaner; Dermacentor reticulatus; Dog; Ixodes ricinus; Tick	afoxolaner; nexgard; unclassified drug; acaricidal activity; animal experiment; article; beagle; controlled study; Dermacentor reticulatus; drug activity; drug efficacy; drug formulation; experimental infection; female; Ixodes ricinus; male; mongrel dog; nonhuman; parasite clearance; randomized controlled trial; tick infestation; Canis familiaris; Dermacentor reticulatus; Ixodes ricinus; Ixodida; Afoxolaner; Dermacentor reticulatus; Dog; Ixodes ricinus; Tick; Acaricides; Animals; Dermacentor; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Isoxazoles; Ixodes; Male; Naphthalenes; Parasite Load; Random Allocation; Tick Infestations; Treatment Outcome	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930190272	Evaluation of AFP surveillance indicators in polio-free Ghana, 2009-2013	Odoom J.K., Ntim N.A.A., Sarkodie B., Addo J., Minta-Asare K., Obodai E., Eshun M., Ahove V.V., Diamenu S., Adjabeng M., Arthur-Quarm J., Barnor J.S.	2014	BMC Public Health	14	1	10.1186/1471-2458-14-687	Department of Virology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Disease Surveillance Department, Accra, Ghana; World Health Organization, Country Office, Accra, Ghana	Odoom, J.K., Department of Virology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Ntim, N.A.A., Department of Virology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Sarkodie, B., Disease Surveillance Department, Accra, Ghana; Addo, J., Disease Surveillance Department, Accra, Ghana; Minta-Asare, K., Department of Virology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Obodai, E., Department of Virology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Eshun, M., Department of Virology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Ahove, V.V., World Health Organization, Country Office, Accra, Ghana; Diamenu, S., World Health Organization, Country Office, Accra, Ghana; Adjabeng, M., Disease Surveillance Department, Accra, Ghana; Arthur-Quarm, J., Department of Virology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Barnor, J.S., Department of Virology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana	Background: Ghana recorded the last case of indigenous wild poliovirus in 1999 but suffered two more outbreaks in 2003 and 2008. Following the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, transmission was interrupted through high routine immunisation coverage with live-attenuated oral polio vaccine (OPV), effective acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance and supplementary immunisation activities (SIA). This article describes the results of a five-year surveillance of AFP in polio-free Ghana, evaluate the surveillance indicators and identify areas that need improvement. Methods. We investigated 1345 cases of AFP from children aged less than 15 years reported to the Disease Surveillance Department from January 2009 to December 2013. Data on demographic characteristics, vaccination history, clinical presentation and virological investigation on stool specimens collected during investigation were analysed. Results: Of the specimens analysed, 56% were from males and 76.3% were from children less than 5 years of age. Twenty-four percent of the children received up to 3 doses of OPV, 57% received at least 4 doses while the status of 19% was unknown. Core AFP surveillance indicators were partly met for non-polio AFP rate while the WHO target for stool adequacy and timeliness was exceeded over the period of study. All the cases were classified virologically, however no wild polio was found. Sixty-day follow-up was conducted for 56.3% of cases and 8.6% cases classified as compactible with polio. Conclusion: Both laboratory and epidemiological surveillance for AFP were efficient and many WHO targets were met. However, due to the risk of poliovirus importation prior to global eradication, longterm surveillance is required to provide a high degree of confidence in prevention of poliovirus infection in Ghana. Thus, efforts should be made to strengthen regional performance and to follow-up on all AFP cases in order to establish proper diagnoses for the causes of the AFP leading to proper care. © 2014 Odoom et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	AFP; Ghana; Indicators; Regional Reference Polio Laboratory; Surveillance	oral poliomyelitis vaccine; adolescent; child; evaluation study; feces; female; Ghana; health survey; human; male; microbiology; paraplegia; poliomyelitis; preschool child; world health organization; Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Feces; Female; Ghana; Humans; Male; Paraplegia; Poliomyelitis; Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral; Population Surveillance; World Health Organization	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-24644481854	Pharmacological evaluation of the central nervous system activity of Aframomum melegueta seed extract in mice	Umukoro S., Ashorobi R.B.	2005	Journal of Natural Remedies	5	2	None	Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria	Umukoro, S., Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Ashorobi, R.B., Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria	Objective: To study the effects of intraperitoneal injection of aqueous seed extract of Aframomum melegueta (AM) on the central nervous system (CNS) in mice. Materials and methods: The study sought to evaluate the effects of the extract on the general behaviour of the animals (Irwin test), on pentobarbitone-induced sleeping time, on methamphetamine-induced stereotyped behaviour, on motor coordination, and on convulsive seizures induced by isoniazid and picrotoxin. AM was tested at a dose range of 5-400 mg/kg. Results: AM (50-200 mg/kg) produced a significant decrease in spontaneous motor activity and also caused a dose-related prolongation of pentobarbital-induced sleeping time. At a dose range of 100-400 mg/kg, a significant inhibition of methamphetamine (35 mg/kg, i. p) induced stereotyped behaviour was observed. Furthermore, it offered a significant protection against convulsions induced by isoniazid (200 mg/kg, i.p). However, it failed to modify the convulsive action of picrotoxin (10 mg/kg, i.p) and did not cause any significant effect in the motor coordination of animals on the rota-rod machine. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that A. melegueta seed extract possesses central nervous system depressant activity.	Aframomum melegueta; Anti-stereotypic; Anticonvulsant; Isoniazid; Methamphetamine; Pentobarbital; Sedative	Aframomum melegueta extract; chlorpromazine; diazepam; isoniazid; methamphetamine; pentobarbital; picrotoxin; plant extract; unclassified drug; Aframomum melegueta; animal behavior; article; central nervous system; central nervous system depression; controlled study; dose response; drug isolation; drug mechanism; motor coordination; mouse; neuroprotection; nonhuman; plant seed; seizure; sleep time; statistical analysis; statistical significance; Zingiberaceae; Aframomum melegueta; Animalia; Zingiberaceae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-47249129999	Hydrochemical evaluation of the Voltaian system-The Afram Plains area, Ghana	Yidana S.M., Ophori D., Banoeng-Yakubo B.	2008	Journal of Environmental Management	88	4	10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.03.037	Department of Earth and Environmental Studies, Montclair State University, NJ 07043, United States; Department of Geology, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 58, Legon, Ghana	Yidana, S.M., Department of Earth and Environmental Studies, Montclair State University, NJ 07043, United States; Ophori, D., Department of Earth and Environmental Studies, Montclair State University, NJ 07043, United States; Banoeng-Yakubo, B., Department of Geology, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 58, Legon, Ghana	Inverse geochemical modeling from PHREEQC, and multivariate statistical methods were jointly used to define the genetic origin of chemical parameters of groundwater from the Voltaian aquifers in the Afram Plains area. The study finds, from hierarchical cluster analysis that there are two main hydrochemical facies namely the calcium-sodium-chloride-bicarbonate waters and the magnesium-potassium-sulfate-nitrate waters in the northern and southern sections, respectively, of the Afram Plains area. This facies differentiation is confirmed by the distribution of the SO42-/Cl- ratio, which associates groundwater from the northern and southern sections to areas influenced by contact with evaporites and seawater, respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA) with varimax rotation using the Kaiser criterion identifies four principal sources of variation in the hydrochemistry. Mineral saturation indices calculated from both major ions and trace elements, indicate saturation-supersaturation with respect to calcite, aragonite, k-mica, chlorite, rhodochrosite, kaolinite, sepiolite, and talc, and undersaturation with respect to albite, anorthite, and gypsum in the area. Inverse geochemical modeling along groundwater flowpaths indicates the dissolution of albite, anorthite and gypsum and the precipitation of kaolinite, k-mica, talc, and quartz. Both the PCA and inverse geochemical modeling identify the incongruent weathering of feldspars as the principal factors controlling the hydrochemistry in the Afram Plains area. General phase transfer equations have been developed to characterize the geochemical evolution of groundwater in the area. A very good relationship has been established between calcite and aragonite saturation indices in the Afram Plains area, with R2=1.00. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Afram plains; Hierarchical cluster analysis; Inverse modeling; PHREEQC; Principal component analysis	aluminum silicate; bicarbonate; calcium; calcium carbonate; calcium sulfate; chloride; ground water; magnesium; magnesium trisilicate; mineral; nitrate; potassium; sea water; silicon dioxide; sodium; sulfate; talc; trace element; aquifer; aragonite; bicarbonate; calcite; calcium; chloride; cluster analysis; feldspar; geochemistry; groundwater; hydrochemistry; magnesium; modeling; multivariate analysis; nitrate; potassium; principal component analysis; sodium; sulfate; article; calculation; evolution; geochemistry; Ghana; hydrology; model; multivariate analysis; precipitation; principal component analysis; Cluster Analysis; Ghana; Models, Theoretical; Multivariate Analysis; Water; Africa; Ghana; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa	None
None	None	Evaluation of Spodoptera exempta nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpexNPV) for the field control of African armyworm (Spodoptera exempta) in Tanzania	Grzywacz D., Mushobozi W.L., Parnell M., Jolliffe F., Wilson K.	2008	Crop Protection	27	1	10.1016/j.cropro.2007.04.005	Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom; Pest Control Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security, Arusha, Tanzania; Institute of Mathematics Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NF, United Kingdom; Department of Biological Sciences, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom	Grzywacz, D., Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom; Mushobozi, W.L., Pest Control Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security, Arusha, Tanzania; Parnell, M., Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom; Jolliffe, F., Institute of Mathematics Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NF, United Kingdom; Wilson, K., Department of Biological Sciences, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom	The African armyworm Spodoptera exempta is a major episodic migratory crop pest over much of Eastern and Southern Africa. Control of this pest has been reliant on the use of synthetic chemical insecticides. However, this approach fails to protect poor farmers and is becoming unacceptable for environmental and cost reasons. A programme of field trials was conducted in Tanzania to evaluate the endemic baculovirus, the S. exempta nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpexNPV), as an alternative control. Field trials demonstrated that both ground and aerial application of SpexNPV to armyworm outbreaks on pasture can initiate outbreaks of NPV disease and population collapses. The SpexNPV was effective when applied at 1×1012 occlusion bodies (OB) per hectare if applied to outbreaks early, when larvae are in I-III instar-mass mortalities appear 3-10 days post treatment. The data from these trials indicate that SpexNPV can have a potential role as a substitute for chemical insecticides in strategic armyworm management programmes. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Africa; African armyworm; Baculovirus; Biological control; IPM; Migratory pest; Nucleopolyhedrovirus; Spodoptera exempta	biological control; crop pest; insecticide; mortality; moth; pest control; pest outbreak; viral disease; Africa; Nucleopolyhedrovirus; Spodoptera exempta	None
WoS	WOS:000272079000003	The Impact of Caregiving on the Health and Well-being of Kenyan Luo Grandparents	Heh, Victor,Ice, Gillian H.,Juma, Elizabeth,Yogo, Jaja	2010	RESEARCH ON AGING	32	1	10.1177/0164027509348128	Ohio University, Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr	"Ice, Gillian H.: Ohio University",	As the HIV/AIDS pandemic progresses in Africa, elders are increasingly responsible for the care of orphans. Several reports suggest that elderly Africans do not have the resources to provide care and are at risk of poor health, but few studies have systematically measured health of caregivers. The Kenyan Grandparents Study is a longitudinal study designed to compare elder Luo caregivers to noncaregiving peers. Several measures of health were collected, including body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, glucose, and hemoglobin. In addition, self-perceived health and mental health were measured using the MOS Short-Form 36 (SF-36). It was hypothesized that caregivers would have poorer health than noncaregivers and that the difference in health would widen over the three waves of the study. Caregiving did not affect physical health but did act to decrease mental health and perceived health over time.	Africa,AGING,HIV/AIDS,ORPHANS,GLUCOCORTICOIDS,GRANDCHILDREN,ILLNESS,"KISWAHILI VERSION",PATTERNS,POPULATION,SF-36,STRESS,TANZANIA,"WESTERN KENYA"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84925396731	Impacts of Large-scale Land Investments on Income, Prices, and Employment: Empirical Analyses in Ethiopia	Baumgartner P., von Braun J., Abebaw D., Müller M.	2015	World Development	72	None	10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.02.017	University of Bonn (ZEF), Germany c-Ethiopian Economics Association, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), Rome; Ethiopian Economic Policy Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Baumgartner, P., University of Bonn (ZEF), Germany c-Ethiopian Economics Association, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), Rome; von Braun, J., University of Bonn (ZEF), Germany c-Ethiopian Economics Association, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Abebaw, D., Ethiopian Economic Policy Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Müller, M., University of Bonn (ZEF), Germany c-Ethiopian Economics Association, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	We review the trend and types of large-scale land transaction in Ethiopia since 1992 and assess the impacts of one such investment using four scenarios: (i) a baseline scenario; (ii) the forest loss resulting from the land transfer; (iii) the operation of the investment at full scale and (iv) an alternative scenario of a smaller investment paired with a more inclusive rural development policy. Results showed that forest resources are important for the rural poor, but that losses can be offset by gains from employment generation and business opportunities. The alternative scenario indicated opportunities for better social and environmental sustainability. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.	Africa; Agricultural labor markets; Ethiopia; Land markets; Land rights; Rural development	agricultural labor; agricultural land; business; employment generation; forest resource; income; investment; labor market; land rights; rural development; rural policy; Ethiopia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84868703048	The impact of cooperatives on agricultural technology adoption: Empirical evidence from Ethiopia	Abebaw D., Haile M.G.	2013	Food Policy	38	1	10.1016/j.foodpol.2012.10.003	Ethiopian Economics Association, Ethiopian Economic Policy Research Institute, P.O. Box 34282, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Center for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, Walter-Flex Str. D-53113, Germany	Abebaw, D., Ethiopian Economics Association, Ethiopian Economic Policy Research Institute, P.O. Box 34282, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Haile, M.G., Center for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, Walter-Flex Str. D-53113, Germany	Using cross-sectional data and a propensity score matching technique, this paper investigates the impact of cooperatives on adoption of agricultural technologies. Our analysis indicates that cooperative members are more likely to be male-headed households, have better access to agricultural extension services, possess oxen, participate in off-farm work, and have leadership experience. We also found that geographic location and age of household head are strongly associated with cooperative membership. Our estimation results show that cooperative membership has a strong positive impact on fertilizer adoption. The impact on adoption of pesticides turns out to be statistically significant when only agricultural cooperatives are considered. Further analysis also suggests that cooperative membership has a heterogeneous impact on fertilizer adoption among its members. The results suggest that cooperatives can play an important role in accelerating the adoption of agricultural technologies by smallholder farmers in Ethiopia. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.	Africa; Agricultural technology adoption; Cooperatives; Ethiopia; Impact evaluation	agricultural extension; agricultural technology; cooperative sector; farmers attitude; fertilizer application; smallholder; technology adoption; Ethiopia; Bos	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650230819	Potential impacts of a green revolution in Africa-the case of Ghana	Breisinger C., Diao X., Thurlow J., Hassan R.M.A.	2011	Journal of International Development	23	1	10.1002/jid.1641	International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington DC, United States; University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana	Breisinger, C., International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington DC, United States; Diao, X., International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington DC, United States; Thurlow, J., International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington DC, United States; Hassan, R.M.A., University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana	Agricultural growth in Africa has accelerated, yet most of this growth has been driven by land expansion. Land expansion potential is reaching its limits, urging governments to shift towards a green revolution type of productivity-led growth. Given the huge public investments required, this paper aims to assess the potential impacts of a green revolution. Results from a CGE model for Ghana show that green revolution type growth is strongly pro-poor and provides substantial transfers to the rest of the economy, thus providing a powerful argument to raise public expenditure on agriculture to make a green revolution happen in Africa. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Africa; Agriculture; CGE; Ghana; Green revolution; Growth; Microsimulation; Poverty	agricultural economics; green revolution; investment; numerical model; poverty; public spending; Ghana	None
WoS	WOS:000248879800001	Predicted impact of HIV/AIDS on improved fallow adoption and rural household food security in Malawi	Hildebrand, P. E.,Kwesigal, F.,Thangata, P. H.	2007	SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT	15	4	10.1002/sd.323	Florida State University System, University of Florida, Forum Agr Res Agr Res Africa FARA, SADC Secretariat	None	Research was conducted to assess the impact of HIV/AIDS on improved fallow adoption and rural household food security in Malawi. An ethnographic linear programming model was created for a representative household with three scenarios: no illness, adult female illness and adult male illness. Results show that the impact of HIV/AIDS on food production depends on the patient's gender. If a male head of household is sick and later dies, available field labour is reduced as family members are expected to care for him and, consequently, less food and cash crops are produced, which creates a food insecure household. However, when a woman is sick and later dies, the effect on male labour is not as great, as males are not care-givers. We conclude that in an HIV/AIDS environment, agroforestry adoption is more feasible in households in which available labour is undisrupted for longer periods of time. Copyright (c) 2007 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.	Africa,AGROFORESTRY,HIV/AIDS,"IMPROVED FALLOWS",MALAWI,"Rural food security",SMALLHOLDER,AGROFORESTRY,CONSERVATION,FARMERS,HIGHLANDS,PROGRAMS,SOIL,TANZANIA	None	None
WoS	WOS:000262876600006	The impact of the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief on expansion of HIV care services for adult patients in western Kenya	Einterz, Robert,Kimaiyo, Silvester,Musick, Beverly,Nyandiko, Winstone,Sidle, John,Siika, Abraham,Tierney, William M.,Wools-Kaloustian, Kara,Yiannoutsos, Constantin T.	2009	AIDS	23	2	10.1097/QAD.0b013e32831cc3e6	Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indiana University System, Moi University, Regenstrief Institute Inc	"Einterz, Robert: Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis","Einterz, Robert: Indiana University System","Kimaiyo, Silvester: Moi University","Musick, Beverly: Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis","Musick, Beverly: Indiana University System","Nyandiko, Winstone: Moi University","Siika, Abraham: Moi University","Yiannoutsos, Constantin T.: Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis","Yiannoutsos, Constantin T.: Indiana University System",	Background: The President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief committed $15 billion to addressing HIV in resource-poor settings. Objective: To assess the impact of The President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief on the treatment services of an HIV care program. Design, setting, and patients: Cohort study utilizing computerized medical records of nonpregnant adults enrolled into the Academic Model for the Prevention and Treatment of HlV/AIDS system, in western Kenya between 27 November 2001 and 24 July 2006. Main outcomes measures: Number of clinics and patients enrolled in Academic Model for the Prevention and Treatment of HIV/AIDS, as well as patient demographics, immunologic, and clinical characteristics during three periods defined by the availability of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Results: Enrollment as of May 2006 was 23 539. Mean monthly enrollment increased from 64 to 815 between periods 1 and 3. The median CD4 cell count at enrollment during period 3 (172 cells/mu l) was significantly higher than for period 2 (119 cells/mu l; P&lt;0.001). World Health Organization stage at enrollment differed significantly between periods with 6.7% having stage 4 disease in period 3 compared with 13.8% during period 1 (P&lt;0.001). Significantly more patients had complete documentation of cART eligibility, during period 3 as compared with the previous periods. Time from enrollment to cART initiation decreased from a median of 64 weeks in period 1 to 12 weeks during period 3 (P &lt; 0.001). Conclusion: The President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief funding has allowed Academic Model for the Prevention and Treatment of HIV/AIDS to significantly increase the number of individuals receiving HIV care and provided the ability to expand services allowing for identification of patients earlier in their disease process. (C) 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins	Africa,AIDS,antiretrovirals,HIV,SCALE-UP,AFRICA,"ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY",EXPERIENCE,OUTCOMES,PROGRAM,SCALING-UP	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-60349100666	National AIDS Commissions in Africa: Performance and emerging challenges	Morah E., Ihalainen M.	2009	Development Policy Review	27	2	10.1111/j.1467-7679.2009.00442.x	UNEP, UN-Habitat; UNAIDS Country Office, P.O. Box 30218-00100, Nairobi, Kenya	Morah, E., UNEP, UN-Habitat; Ihalainen, M., UNAIDS Country Office, P.O. Box 30218-00100, Nairobi, Kenya	This article consolidates and expands on evidence on how National AIDS Commissions (NACs) in sub-Saharan Africa are measuring up to expectations that drove their rapid adoption across the continent. While their overall performance seems reasonably good, most NACs still lack adequate power and incentive structures to hold line ministries accountable, a key requirement for co-ordinating activities and mainstreaming HIV-AIDS across the public sector. Second-generation African NACs urgently need the authority and institutional stature to effectively co-ordinate the channelling of the larger funds now available through government bureaucracy. The evolution of the epidemic also imposes requirements different from those when the current NAC architecture was crafted. © 2009 Overseas Development Institute.	Africa; AIDS; HIV; NACs	acquired immune deficiency syndrome; bureaucracy; epidemic; human immunodeficiency virus; institutional framework; performance assessment; Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33644932942	The impact of HIV/AIDS on land rights: Perspectives from Kenya	Aliber M., Walker C.	2006	World Development	34	4	10.1016/j.worlddev.2005.09.010	Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa; University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Aliber, M., Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa; Walker, C., University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa	The study examined the impact of HIV/AIDS on land tenure in rural Kenya. The study found fewer examples of dispossession of widows' and orphans' land rights than had been anticipated in light of the existing literature and anecdotal accounts, and some evidence that Kenya's statutory tenure system, notwithstanding its problems, can protect vulnerable individuals from tenure loss. This is not to diminish the social and economic costs of HIV/AIDS, but to caution against focusing on HIV/AIDS as the major threat to tenure security. Where HIV/AIDS does aggravate tenure insecurity, it is due to the conjunction of population pressure, stigmatization, and gendered power relations. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Africa; AIDS; Kenya; Land tenure	health and disease; human immunodeficiency virus; land use; medical geography; Africa; East Africa; Kenya; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34848910202	Predicting the impact of a partially effective HIV vaccine and subsequent risk behavior change on the heterosexual HIV epidemic in low- and middle-income countries: A South African example	Andersson K.M., Owens D.K., Vardas E., Gray G.E., McIntyre J.A., Paltiel A.D.	2007	Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes	46	1	10.1097/QAI.0b013e31812506fd	Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States; Center for Primary Care and Outcomes Research, Center for Health Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States; Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University, School of Medicine, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT 06510, United States	Andersson, K.M., Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University, School of Medicine, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT 06510, United States; Owens, D.K., Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States, Center for Primary Care and Outcomes Research, Center for Health Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States; Vardas, E., Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Gray, G.E., Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; McIntyre, J.A., Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Paltiel, A.D., Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States	We developed a mathematical model to simulate the impact of various partially effective preventive HIV vaccination scenarios in a population at high risk for heterosexually transmitted HIV. We considered an adult population defined by gender (male/female), disease stage (HIV-negative, HIV-positive, AIDS, and death), and vaccination status (unvaccinated/vaccinated) in Soweto, South Africa. Input data included initial HIV prevalence of 20% (women) and 12% (men), vaccination coverage of 75%, and exclusive male negotiation of condom use. We explored how changes in vaccine efficacy and postvaccination condom use would affect HIV prevalence and total HIV infections prevented over a 10-year period. In the base-case scenario, a 40% effective HIV vaccine would avert 61,000 infections and reduce future HIV prevalence from 20% to 13%. A 25% increase (or decrease) in condom use among vaccinated individuals would instead avert 75,000 (or only 46,000) infections and reduce the HIV prevalence to 12% (or only 15%). Furthermore, certain combinations of increased risk behavior and vaccines with <43% efficacy could worsen the epidemic. Even modestly effective HIV vaccines can confer enormous benefits in terms of HIV infections averted and decreased HIV prevalence. However, programs to reduce risk behavior may be important components of successful vaccination campaigns. © 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.	Africa; AIDS vaccines; Condoms; Heterosexual transmission; Mathematical models; Models/projections; Sexual behavior	Human immunodeficiency virus vaccine; acquired immune deficiency syndrome; adolescent; adult; article; behavior change; condom; death; drug efficacy; female; gender; heterosexuality; high risk population; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; income; major clinical study; male; mathematical model; prevalence; priority journal; risk; South Africa; vaccination; AIDS Vaccines; Computer Simulation; Condoms; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Models, Biological; Risk Factors; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sex Factors; Socioeconomic Factors; South Africa; Time Factors; Unsafe Sex	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-35448968769	The medical management of central nervous system infections in Uganda and the potential impact of an algorithm-based approach to improve outcomes	Trachtenberg J.D., Kambugu A.D., McKellar M., Semitala F., Mayanja-Kizza H., Samore M.H., Ronald A., Sande M.A.	2007	International Journal of Infectious Diseases	11	6	10.1016/j.ijid.2007.01.014	Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84124, United States; Department of Medicine, Makerere University School of Medicine, Kampala, Uganda; Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda; Salt Lake City VA Medical, Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man., Canada; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States	Trachtenberg, J.D., Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84124, United States; Kambugu, A.D., Department of Medicine, Makerere University School of Medicine, Kampala, Uganda; McKellar, M., Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84124, United States; Semitala, F., Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda; Mayanja-Kizza, H., Department of Medicine, Makerere University School of Medicine, Kampala, Uganda; Samore, M.H., Salt Lake City VA Medical, Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Ronald, A., Department of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man., Canada; Sande, M.A., Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States	Background: In sub-Saharan Africa, HIV has increased the spectrum of central nervous system (CNS) infections. The etiological diagnosis is often difficult. Mortality from CNS infections is higher in sub-Saharan Africa compared to Western countries. This study examines the medical management of CNS infections in Uganda. We also propose a clinical algorithm to manage CNS infections in an effective, systematic, and resource-efficient manner. Methods: We prospectively followed 100 consecutive adult patients who were admitted to Mulago Hospital with a suspected diagnosis of a CNS infection without any active participation in their management. From the clinical and outcome data, we created an algorithm to manage CNS infections, which was appropriate for this resource-limited, high HIV prevalence setting. Results: Only 32 patients had a laboratory confirmed diagnosis and 23 of these were diagnosed with cryptococcal meningitis. Overall mortality was 39%, and mortality trended upward when the diagnosis was delayed past 3 days. The initial diagnoses were made clinically without significant laboratory data in 92 of the 100 patients. Because HIV positive patients have a unique spectrum of CNS infections, we created an algorithm that identified HIV-positive patients and diagnosed those with cryptococcal meningitis. After cryptococcal infection was ruled out, previously published algorithms were used to assist in the early diagnosis and treatment of bacterial meningitis, tuberculous meningitis, and other common central nervous system infections. In retrospective comparison with current management, the CNS algorithm reduced overall time to diagnosis and initiate treatment of cryptococcal meningitis from 3.5 days to less than 1 day. Conclusions: CNS infections are complex and difficult to diagnose and treat in Uganda, and are associated with high in-hospital mortality. A clinical algorithm may significantly decrease the time to diagnose and treat CNS infections in a resource-limited setting. © 2007 International Society for Infectious Diseases.	Africa; Algorithm; Central nervous system infection; Cryptococcus; HIV; Meningitis; Neurologic infections	amphotericin B; antimalarial agent; chloramphenicol; fluconazole; penicillin G; adult; algorithm; article; bacterial meningitis; central nervous system infection; controlled study; demography; female; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; lumbar puncture; major clinical study; male; meningitis; prevalence; treatment outcome; Uganda; Adolescent; Adult; Algorithms; Anti-Infective Agents; Central Nervous System Infections; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Risk Factors; Treatment Outcome; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84920150697	The Air Liberalisation Index as a tool in measuring the impact of South Africa's aviation policy in Africa on air passenger traffic flows	Surovitskikh S., Lubbe B.	2015	Journal of Air Transport Management	42	None	10.1016/j.jairtraman.2014.09.010	Division Tourism Management, Department of Marketing Management, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, South Africa	Surovitskikh, S., Division Tourism Management, Department of Marketing Management, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, South Africa; Lubbe, B., Division Tourism Management, Department of Marketing Management, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, South Africa	In Africa, the Yamoussoukro Decision (YD) to date remains the single most important air transport reform policy, the continent-wide implementation of which remains pending. This study employs the Air Liberalisation Index (ALI), developed by the Word Trade Organisation (WTO) Secretariat, to measure the impact of each of the seven quantifiable market access features of South Africa's aviation policy in Africa on air passenger traffic flows. A fixed one-way panel regression technique was applied to panel data, representing five air transport markets: intra-African, the SADC, East African, West African and North African over two time periods (2000-2010; 2006-2010). The results proved to be significant in three markets, intra-African, the SADC and East African and provide new insights into the relationship between air passenger traffic flows and aviation policy in the South African - intra-African and regional contexts. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.	Africa; ALI; Aviation policy; Market access features; South Africa; Yamoussoukro Decision	air transportation; panel data; policy implementation; policy reform; regression analysis; traffic management; transportation policy; East Africa; North Africa; South Africa; West Africa	None
None	None	Studies on the reproductive performance of crossbred dairy cows raised on smallholder farms in eastern Usambara mountains, Tanzania	Swai E.S., Kyakaisho P., Ole-Kawanara M.S.	2007	Livestock Research for Rural Development	19	5	None	Veterinary Investigation Centre, P O Box 1068, Arusha, Tanzania; District Veterinary Office, P.O. Box 20, Muheza, Tanga, Tanzania; Divisional Dairy Development Office, P.O. Box 4, Amani, Muheza, Tanzania	Swai, E.S., Veterinary Investigation Centre, P O Box 1068, Arusha, Tanzania; Kyakaisho, P., District Veterinary Office, P.O. Box 20, Muheza, Tanga, Tanzania; Ole-Kawanara, M.S., Divisional Dairy Development Office, P.O. Box 4, Amani, Muheza, Tanzania	A retrospective questionnaire based cross-sectional study was conducted to asses reproductive performance and factors influencing reproductive efficiency of crossbred cows in smallholder farms in Amani, Tanzania. The study was carried out during the period of October to November 2003. The study also estimated the frequency and determinants of long calving interval (LCI), retention of foetal membrane (RFM), dystocia (D), and abortion (A) in smallholder crossbred cattle and explored birth trends. Sixty-three dairy farms (average breedable cows = 2, range 1 to 9) were visited and data on reproductive, breeding and management histories were collected and statistically analyzed. Overall, 179 breedable cows were observed to be alive at some stage in 2002. These cows contributed a total risk period of 62,780 cow days, equivalent to 2,093 cow months or 171.9 cow years. The mean (±SE) calving interval and the interval between calving and the initiation of ovarian activity were 476 ± 14 and 108 ± 6.7 days, respectively. Birth rate was 52 per 100 cows years, with birth been reported to occur in all months of the year. Of the 123 cows that were reported to have calved more than once in their lifetime 4(3.3%), 3 (2.4%) were associated with abortion and dystocia, respectively. Fifteen (12.2%) of the animals suffered RFM. Significant factors that were associated with LCI and RFM as was revealed from multiple logistic regression models were age of the cows, distance range between bull source and cows, farmer attending basic animal husbandry training and the owner of the cows. Cow that was located over 2 km away from the breeding bull source was associated with LCI (Odd ratio [OR] 2.7, P = 0.020) and older cow with lower odds for RFM (OR = 0.97, P = 0.001). Animals belonging to male and a farmer who has attended a basic training had lower odds for LCI and RFM (OR = 0.31, P = 0.001 for male cow owner and OR = 0.37, P = 0.033 for attending training, respectively). Though not statistically different (P>0.05), poor reproduction performance was also linked with farm managerial factors. Under nutrition, poor heat detection despite of farmer being aware of the cardinal signs of heat, poor monitoring of heat signs due to the inadequate usage of breeding supporting tools were also found to negatively influence reproduction efficiency. We conclude that, the present estimate of LCI, birth rate, prevalence of peripartum disorders often inter linked by farm managemental attributes, indicate and suggest poor reproductive performances of cows in Amani smallholder dairy farms. Identification and quantification of the specific reproductive disorders and associated interacting factors (feeding/ managemental) contributing to such poor reproductive performance call for detailed investigation.	Africa; Amani; Reproductive performance; Smallholder dairy production; Tanzania	Animalia; Bos; Equus asinus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84873840441	Evaluation of MODIS gross primary productivity for Africa using eddy covariance data	Sjöström M., Zhao M., Archibald S., Arneth A., Cappelaere B., Falk U., de Grandcourt A., Hanan N., Kergoat L., Kutsch W., Merbold L., Mougin E., Nickless A., Nouvellon Y., Scholes R.J., Veenendaal E.M., Ardö J.	2013	Remote Sensing of Environment	131	None	10.1016/j.rse.2012.12.023	Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, 22362, Lund, Sweden; Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, United States; CSIR Natural Resources and Environment, P.O. Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research/Atmospheric Environmental Research, 82467, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany; IRD, HydroSciences, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; Center for Remote Sensing of Land Surfaces, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; CIRAD, UMR 111, Ecologie Fonctionnelle and Biogéochimie des Sols and Agro-écosystèmes, F-34060 Montpellier, France; CRDPI, BP 1291, Pointe-Noire, Congo; Geographic Information Science Center of Excellence (GIScCE), South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, United States; GET, University of Toulouse 3, CNRS, IRD, UMR 5563, F-31400 Toulouse, France; Thünen Institue for Climate-Smart Agriculture, Bundesalle 50, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany; ETH Zurich, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Universitätsstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland; USP, Universidade de São Paulo, ESALQ, Departamento de Ciências Atmosféricas, IAG, CEP 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil; Nature Conservation and Plant Ecology Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands	Sjöström, M., Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, 22362, Lund, Sweden; Zhao, M., Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, United States; Archibald, S., CSIR Natural Resources and Environment, P.O. Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Arneth, A., Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research/Atmospheric Environmental Research, 82467, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany; Cappelaere, B., IRD, HydroSciences, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; Falk, U., Center for Remote Sensing of Land Surfaces, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; de Grandcourt, A., CIRAD, UMR 111, Ecologie Fonctionnelle and Biogéochimie des Sols and Agro-écosystèmes, F-34060 Montpellier, France, CRDPI, BP 1291, Pointe-Noire, Congo; Hanan, N., Geographic Information Science Center of Excellence (GIScCE), South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, United States; Kergoat, L., GET, University of Toulouse 3, CNRS, IRD, UMR 5563, F-31400 Toulouse, France; Kutsch, W., Thünen Institue for Climate-Smart Agriculture, Bundesalle 50, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany; Merbold, L., ETH Zurich, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Universitätsstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland; Mougin, E., GET, University of Toulouse 3, CNRS, IRD, UMR 5563, F-31400 Toulouse, France; Nickless, A., CSIR Natural Resources and Environment, P.O. Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Nouvellon, Y., CIRAD, UMR 111, Ecologie Fonctionnelle and Biogéochimie des Sols and Agro-écosystèmes, F-34060 Montpellier, France, CRDPI, BP 1291, Pointe-Noire, Congo, USP, Universidade de São Paulo, ESALQ, Departamento de Ciências Atmosféricas, IAG, CEP 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil; Scholes, R.J., CSIR Natural Resources and Environment, P.O. Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Veenendaal, E.M., Nature Conservation and Plant Ecology Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands; Ardö, J., Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, 22362, Lund, Sweden	MOD17A2 provides operational gross primary production (GPP) data globally at 1km spatial resolution and 8-day temporal resolution. MOD17A2 estimates GPP according to the light use efficiency (LUE) concept assuming a fixed maximum rate of carbon assimilation per unit photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by the vegetation (εmax). Minimum temperature and vapor pressure deficit derived from meteorological data down-regulate εmax and constrain carbon assimilation. This data is useful for regional to global studies of the terrestrial carbon budget, climate change and natural resources. In this study we evaluated the MOD17A2 product and its driver data by using in situ measurements of meteorology and eddy covariance GPP for 12 African sites. MOD17A2 agreed well with eddy covariance GPP for wet sites. Overall, seasonality was well captured but MOD17A2 GPP was underestimated for the dry sites located in the Sahel region. Replacing the meteorological driver data derived from coarse resolution reanalysis data with tower measurements reduced MOD17A2 GPP uncertainties, however, the underestimations at the dry sites persisted. Inferred εmax calculated from tower data was higher than the εmax prescribed in MOD17A2. This, in addition to uncertainties in fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (FAPAR) explains some of the underestimations. The results suggest that improved quality of driver data, but primarily a readjustment of the parameters in the biome parameter look-up table (BPLUT) may be needed to better estimate GPP for African ecosystems in MOD17A2. © 2012 Elsevier Inc.	Africa; AMMA; CarboAfrica; Gross primary production (GPP); MOD17A2; Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS); Remote sensing	Africa; AMMA; CarboAfrica; Gross primary production; MOD17A2; Moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer; Carbon; Climate change; Meteorology; Plants (botany); Radiometers; Remote sensing; Satellite imagery; Table lookup; Uncertainty analysis; carbon budget; climate change; eddy covariance; in situ measurement; light use efficiency; meteorology; MODIS; natural resource; net primary production; photosynthetically active radiation; seasonality; spatial resolution; vapor pressure; vegetation cover; Sahel [Sub-Saharan Africa]	None
WoS	WOS:000291851000001	Two-year evaluation of Intermittent Preventive Treatment for Children (IPTc) combined with timely home treatment for malaria control in Ghana	Ahorlu, Collins K.,Koram, Kwadwo A.,Seake-Kwawu, Atsu,Weiss, Mitchell G.	2011	MALARIA JOURNAL	10	None	10.1186/1475-2875-10-127	Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Basel, University of Ghana, Keta Dist Hlth Management Team, Swiss Tropical & Public Health Institute	"Ahorlu, Collins K.: Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research","Ahorlu, Collins K.: University of Ghana","Koram, Kwadwo A.: Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research","Koram, Kwadwo A.: University of Ghana","Weiss, Mitchell G.: University of Basel",	Background: Intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) has recently been accepted as an important component of the malaria control strategy. Intermittent preventive treatment for children (IPTc) combined with timely treatment of malaria related febrile illness at home to reduce parasite prevalence and malaria morbidity in children aged between six and 60 months in a coastal community in Ghana. This paper reports persistence of reduced parasitaemia two years into the intervention. The baseline and year-one-evaluation findings were published earlier. Objective: The main objective in the second year was to demonstrate whether the two interventions would further reduce parasite prevalence and malaria-related febrile illness in the study population. Methods: This was an intervention study designed to compare baseline and evaluation findings without a control group. The study combined home-based delivery of intermittent preventive treatment for children (IPTc) aged 6 - 60 months and home treatment of suspected febrile malaria-related illness within 24 hours. All children aged 6 - 60 months received home-based delivery of intermittent preventive treatment using amodiaquine + artesunate, delivered at home by community assistants every four months (6 times in 24 months). Malaria parasite prevalence surveys were conducted before the first and after the third and sixth IPTc to the children. The evaluation surveys were done four months after the third and sixth IPTc was given. Results: Parasite prevalence which reduced from 25% to 3.0% at year-one evaluation had reduced further from 3% to 1% at year-two-evaluation. At baseline, 13.8% of the children were febrile (axilary temperature of &gt;= 37.5 degrees C) compared to 2.2% at year-one-evaluation while 2.1% were febrile at year-two-evaluation. Conclusion: The year-two-evaluation result indicates that IPTc given three times in a year (every four months) combined with timely treatment of febrile malaria illness, is effective to reduce malaria parasite prevalence in children aged 6 to 60 months in the study community. This must give hope to malaria control programme managers in sub-Saharan Africa where the burden of the disease is most debilitating.	,AFRICA,ANEMIA,DELIVERY,INFANTS,"PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL",RANDOMIZED-TRIAL,"ROUTINE VACCINATIONS","SOUTHERN GHANA",SULFADOXINE-PYRIMETHAMINE,TRANSMISSION	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77951782350	Tracking a sample of patients lost to follow-up has a major impact on understanding determinants of survival in HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy in Africa	Geng E.H., Glidden D.V., Emenyonu N., Musinguzi N., Bwana M.B., Neilands T.B., Muyindike W., Yiannoutsos C.T., Deeks S.G., Bangsberg D.R., Martin J.N.	2010	Tropical Medicine and International Health	15	SUPPL. 1	10.1111/j.1365-3156.2010.02507.x	Division of HIV/AIDS, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco General Hospital, 995 Potrero Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94110, United States; East Africa International Epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, United States; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, United States; Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda; Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California, San Francisco, United States; Division of Biostatistics, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis IN, United States; Massachusetts General Hospital, Center for Global Health, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States	Geng, E.H., Division of HIV/AIDS, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco General Hospital, 995 Potrero Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94110, United States, East Africa International Epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, United States; Glidden, D.V., East Africa International Epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, United States, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, United States; Emenyonu, N., East Africa International Epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, United States, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda; Musinguzi, N., East Africa International Epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, United States, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda; Bwana, M.B., East Africa International Epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, United States, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda; Neilands, T.B., East Africa International Epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, United States, Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California, San Francisco, United States; Muyindike, W., East Africa International Epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, United States, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda; Yiannoutsos, C.T., East Africa International Epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, United States, Division of Biostatistics, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis IN, United States; Deeks, S.G., Division of HIV/AIDS, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco General Hospital, 995 Potrero Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94110, United States, East Africa International Epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, United States; Bangsberg, D.R., East Africa International Epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, United States, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda, Massachusetts General Hospital, Center for Global Health, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Martin, J.N., Division of HIV/AIDS, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco General Hospital, 995 Potrero Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94110, United States, East Africa International Epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) Consortium, University of California, San Francisco, United States, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, United States	Objective To date, data regarding the determinants of mortality in HIV-infected patients starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Africa have been primarily derived from routine clinical care settings practicing the public health approach. Losses to follow-up, however, are high in these settings and may lead to bias in understanding the determinants of mortality. Methods We evaluated HIV-infected adults initiating ART between January 1, 2004 and September 30th, 2007 in an ART clinic in southwestern Uganda. Clinical and demographic characteristics were obtained through routine clinical care. In evaluating determinants of mortality, a 'naïve' analysis used only deaths known through routine processes. A 'sample-corrected' approach incorporated, through probability weights, outcomes from a representative sample of patients lost to follow-up whose vital status was ascertained through tracking in the community. Results In 3,628 patients followed for up to 3.75 years after ART initiation, the 'naïve' approach identified male sex and lower pre-ART CD4 count as independent determinants of mortality. The 'sample-corrected' approach found lower pre-ART CD4 count, older age, lower weight and calendar year of ART initiation, but not male sex, to be independent determinants of mortality. Conclusions Analyses to identify determinants of mortality in HIV-infected patients on ART in Africa that do not account for losses to follow-up can identify spurious associations and miss actual relationships - both with the potential to mislead public health efforts. A sampling-based approach to account for losses to follow-up represents a feasible and potentially scalable method to strengthen the evidence available for implementation of ART delivery in Africa. © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.	Africa; Antiretroviral scale-up strategies; Determinants of mortality on antiretroviral therapy; Losses to follow-up; Monitoring and evaluation; Sampling studies	antiretrovirus agent; acquired immune deficiency syndrome; disease treatment; drug prescribing; health risk; hospital sector; human immunodeficiency virus; medicine; monitoring; mortality risk; public health; sampling; tracking; adult; Africa; age; article; body weight; CD4 lymphocyte count; controlled study; disease surveillance; female; follow up; health care delivery; highly active antiretroviral therapy; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; major clinical study; male; mortality; patient care; patient compliance; patient monitoring; public health service; sex difference; survival rate; treatment duration; Adult; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Female; Follow-Up Studies; HIV Infections; Humans; Lost to Follow-Up; Male; Medication Adherence; Patient Dropouts; Sex Factors; Treatment Outcome; Uganda; Uganda	None
None	None	The impact of taking or not taking ARVs on HIV stigma as reported by persons living with HIV infection in five African countries	Makoae L.N., Portillo C.J., Uys L.R., Dlamini P.S., Greeff M., Chirwa M., Kohi T.W., Naidoo J., Mullan J., Wantland D., Durrheim K., Holzemer W.L.	2009	AIDS Care - Psychological and Socio-Medical Aspects of AIDS/HIV	21	11	10.1080/09540120902862576	National University of Lesotho, P.O. Roma 180, Lesotho, South Africa; University of California, San Francisco, Box 0608, 2 Koret Way, San Francisco, CA 94143-0608, United States; School of Nursing, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4041, South Africa; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Swaziland, P.O. Box 369, Mbabane, Swaziland; North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Hoffman Street, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Kamuzu College of Nursing, University of Malawi, Private Bag 360, Blantyre, Malawi; Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 65004, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; University of California, San Francisco, Box 0612, 3333 California Street, San Francisco, CA 94143-0612, United States; School of Psychology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa	Makoae, L.N., National University of Lesotho, P.O. Roma 180, Lesotho, South Africa; Portillo, C.J., University of California, San Francisco, Box 0608, 2 Koret Way, San Francisco, CA 94143-0608, United States; Uys, L.R., School of Nursing, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4041, South Africa; Dlamini, P.S., Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Swaziland, P.O. Box 369, Mbabane, Swaziland; Greeff, M., North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Hoffman Street, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Chirwa, M., Kamuzu College of Nursing, University of Malawi, Private Bag 360, Blantyre, Malawi; Kohi, T.W., Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 65004, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Naidoo, J., School of Nursing, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4041, South Africa; Mullan, J., University of California, San Francisco, Box 0612, 3333 California Street, San Francisco, CA 94143-0612, United States; Wantland, D., University of California, San Francisco, Box 0608, 2 Koret Way, San Francisco, CA 94143-0608, United States; Durrheim, K., School of Psychology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Holzemer, W.L., University of California, San Francisco, Box 0608, 2 Koret Way, San Francisco, CA 94143-0608, United States	Aim. This study examined the impact of taking or not taking antiretroviral (ARV) medications on stigma, as reported by people living with HIV infection in five African countries. Design. A two group (taking or not taking ARVs) by three (time) repeated measures analysis of variance examined change in reported stigma in a cohort sample of 1454 persons living with HIV infection in Lesotho, Malawi, South Africa, Swaziland, and Tanzania. Participants self-reported taking ARV medications and completed a standardized stigma scale validated in the African context. Data were collected at three points in time, from January 2006 to March 2007. Participants taking ARV medications self-reported a mean CD4 count of 273 and those not taking ARVs self-reported a mean CD4 count of 418. Results. Both groups reported significant decreases in total HIV stigma over time; however, people taking ARVs reported significantly higher stigma at Time 3 compared to those not taking ARVs. Discussion. This study documents that this sample of 1454 HIV infected persons in five countries in Africa reported significantly less HIV stigma over time. In addition, those participants taking ARV medications experienced significantly higher HIV stigma over time compared to those not taking ARVs. This finding contradicts some authors' opinions that when clients enroll in ARV medication treatment it signifies that they are experiencing less stigma. This work provides caution to health care providers to alert clients new to ARV treatment that they may experience more stigma from their families and communities when they learn they are taking ARV medications. © 2009 Taylor & Francis.	Africa; Antiretrovirals; HIV/AIDS; Stigma	antiretrovirus agent; anti human immunodeficiency virus agent; adult; article; CD4 lymphocyte count; cohort analysis; controlled study; female; highly active antiretroviral therapy; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; Lesotho; major clinical study; Malawi; male; patient compliance; priority journal; self report; South Africa; stigma; Swaziland; Tanzania; Africa; analysis of variance; clinical trial; multicenter study; patient compliance; psychological aspect; social psychology; Adult; Africa; Analysis of Variance; Anti-HIV Agents; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Medication Adherence; Stereotyping	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-62749083727	CD4 + T-cell count monitoring does not accurately identify HIV-infected adults with virologie failure receiving antiretroviral therapy	Moore D.M., Awor A., Downing R., Kaplan J., Montaner J.S.G., Hancock J., Were W., Mermin J.	2008	Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes	49	5	10.1097/QAI.0b013e318186eb18	Global AIDS Program, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Entebbe, Uganda; British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, 608-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Y6, Canada; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; AIDS Program, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States	Moore, D.M., Global AIDS Program, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Entebbe, Uganda, British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, 608-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Y6, Canada, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Awor, A., Global AIDS Program, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Entebbe, Uganda; Downing, R., Global AIDS Program, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Entebbe, Uganda; Kaplan, J., AIDS Program, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States; Montaner, J.S.G., British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, 608-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Y6, Canada, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Hancock, J., Global AIDS Program, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Entebbe, Uganda; Were, W., Global AIDS Program, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Entebbe, Uganda; Mermin, J., Global AIDS Program, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Entebbe, Uganda	Background: CD4 - T-lymphocyte (CD4) counts are widely used to monitor response to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in resource-limited settings. However, the utility of such monitoring in terms of predicting virologie response to therapy has been little studied. Methods: We studied participants aged 18 years and older who initiated ART in Tororó, Uganda. CD4 counts, CD4 percentages, and viral load (VL) were examined at 6-monthly intervals. Various definitions of immunologic failure were examined to identify individuals with VLs ≥ 50, ≥500, ≥1000, or ≥5000 copies per milliliter at 6, 12, and 18 months after treatment initiation. Results: One thousand sixty-three ART-naive persons initiated ART. The proportion of individuals with virologie failure ranged between 1.5% and 16.4% for each time point. The proportion with no increase in CD4 count from baseline did not differ between those with suppressed or unsuppressed VLs at 6, 18, and 24 months after ART initiation. No increase in CD4 cell counts at 6 months had a sensitivity of 0.04 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.00 to 0.10] and a positive predictive value of 0.03 (95% CI 0.00 to 0.09) for identifying individuals with VL ≥ 500 copies per milliliter at 6 months. The best measure identified was an absolute CD4 cell count &lt;125 cells per microliter at 21 months for predicting VL ≥ 500 copies per milliliter at 18 months which had a sensitivity of 0.13 (95% CI 0.01 to 0.21) and a positive predictive value of 0.29 (95% CI 0.10 to 0.44). Conclusions: CD4 cell count monitoring does not accurately identify individuals with virologie failure among patients taking ART. Copyright © 2008 Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins.	Africa; Antiretroviral therapy; CD4 cell count; Virologie suppression	adult; aged; article; CD4 lymphocyte count; controlled study; ethics; female; follow up; health care organization; highly active antiretroviral therapy; human; human cell; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; human tissue; immunology; informed consent; major clinical study; male; patient monitoring; priority journal; sensitivity and specificity; treatment failure; treatment response; Uganda; virology; virus load; world health organization; CD4 lymphocyte count; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; antiretrovirus agent; Adult; Anti-Retroviral Agents; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Viral Load	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-68149168978	The impact of gender and income on survival and retention in a south african antiretroviral therapy programme	Cornell M., Myer L., Kaplan R., Bekker L.-G., Wood R.	2009	Tropical Medicine and International Health	14	7	10.1111/j.1365-3156.2009.02290.x	Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Cornell, M., Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Myer, L., Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Kaplan, R., Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Bekker, L.-G., Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Wood, R., Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Objectives Despite the rapid expansion of antiretroviral therapy (ART) services in Africa, there are few data on whether outcomes differ for women and men and what factors may drive such variation. We investigated the association of gender and income with survival and retention in a South African ART programme. Methods A total of 2196 treatment-naïve adults were followed for 1 year on ART. Proportional hazards regression was used to explore associations between baseline characteristics and survival and loss-to-follow-up (LTFU). Results Patients were predominantly female (67%). Men presented at an older age and with more advanced HIV disease, and during early ART the crude death rate was higher among men than women (22.8 vs 12.5/100 person-years; P = 0.002). However in multivariate analysis, gender was not significantly associated with survival after adjusting for baseline clinical and immunovirological status (HR = 1.46, 95% CI = 0.96-2.22; P = 0.076). In late ART (4-12 months), there was no gender difference in mortality rates (3.5 vs 3.8/100 person-years; P = 0.817). In multivariate analysis, survival was strongly associated with age (HR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.02-1.09; P < 0.001), CD4 count >150 vs <50 cells/μl (HR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.14-0.87; P = 0.023) and any monthly income vs none (HR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.25-0.88; P = 0.018). Having some monthly income was protective against LTFU at 1 year on ART (adjusted HR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.39-0.82; P = 0.002). Conclusion Men's high early mortality on ART appears due largely to their presentation with more advanced HIV disease. Efforts are needed to enrol men into care earlier in HIV disease and to reduce socio-economic inequalities in ART programme outcomes. © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.	Africa; Antiretroviral therapy; Gender; Mortality; Socio-economic status	antiretrovirus agent; disease treatment; gender; hazard management; income; mortality; multivariate analysis; socioeconomic status; survival; adult; article; controlled study; female; highly active antiretroviral therapy; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; mortality; sex ratio; socioeconomics; survival rate; Adult; Anti-Retroviral Agents; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Continuity of Patient Care; Female; Health Services Accessibility; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Male; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Rural Health; Sex Distribution; Socioeconomic Factors; South Africa; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84872854079	Impact of hepatitis C virus on HIV response to antiretroviral therapy in Nigeria	Agbaji O., Thio C.L., Meloni S., Graham C., Muazu M., Nimzing L., Idoko J., Sankalé J.-L., Ekong E., Murphy R., Kanki P., Hawkins C.	2013	Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes	62	2	10.1097/QAI.0b013e31827ce536	Department of Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria; Department of Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Heal	Agbaji, O., Department of Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria; Thio, C.L., Department of Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; Meloni, S., Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Graham, C., Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Muazu, M., Department of Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria; Nimzing, L., Division of Hepatology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Idoko, J., Department of Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria, National Agency for the Control of AIDS, Abuja, Nigeria; Sankalé, J.-L., Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Ekong, E., Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Murphy, R., Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States; Kanki, P., Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Hawkins, C., Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States	The effect of hepatitis C virus (HCV) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) response in patients in sub-Saharan Africa is unknown. We studied 1431 HIV-infected ART initiators in Jos, Nigeria, of whom 6% were HCV coinfected. A similar proportion of HIV/HCV-coinfected and HIV-monoinfected patients achieved HIV RNA <400 copies per milliliter after 24 and 48 weeks of ART (P > 0.05). Hepatotoxicity was uncommon (0.8% and 0.33% at 24 and 48 weeks, respectively) but was more common in the HIV/HCV-coinfected group at 24 (adjusted odds ratio = 19.3; 95% confidence interval: 4.41 to 84.4) and 48 weeks (adjusted odds ratio = 56.7; 95% confidence interval: 5.03 to 636.92). HCV did not significantly impact ART response in this Nigerian cohort. Copyright © 2012 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.	Africa; antiretroviral therapy; hepatitis C; HIV	antiretrovirus agent; efavirenz; emtricitabine plus tenofovir disoproxil; lamivudine; nevirapine; stavudine; virus RNA; zidovudine; adult; antiviral therapy; article; female; hepatitis C; Hepatitis C virus; human; Human immunodeficiency virus; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; liver toxicity; major clinical study; male; mixed infection; Nigeria; priority journal; treatment response; Adult; Alanine Transaminase; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Benzoxazines; Coinfection; Deoxycytidine; Drug Combinations; Drug Therapy, Combination; Drug-Induced Liver Injury; Female; Hepacivirus; Hepatitis C, Chronic; HIV Infections; Humans; Lamivudine; Logistic Models; Male; Nevirapine; Nigeria; Organophosphorus Compounds; RNA, Viral; Stavudine; Zidovudine	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84957683924	A 15-year study of the impact of community antiretroviral therapy coverage on HIV incidence in Kenyan female sex workers	McClelland R.S., Richardson B.A., Cherutich P., Mandaliya K., John-Stewart G., Miregwa B., Odem-Davis K., Jaoko W., Kimanga D., Overbaugh J.	2015	AIDS	29	17	10.1097/QAD.0000000000000829	Department of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Global Health, University of Washington, Box 359909, 325 9th Avenue, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States; Division of Vaccine and Infectious Disease, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States; National AIDS and STD Control Programme, Nairobi, Kenya; Mombasa County Department of Policy and Research, Mombasa, Kenya	McClelland, R.S., Department of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Global Health, University of Washington, Box 359909, 325 9th Avenue, Seattle, WA, United States, Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States, Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States, Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Richardson, B.A., Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States, Division of Vaccine and Infectious Disease, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States; Cherutich, P., National AIDS and STD Control Programme, Nairobi, Kenya; Mandaliya, K., Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; John-Stewart, G., Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States, Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Miregwa, B., Mombasa County Department of Policy and Research, Mombasa, Kenya; Odem-Davis, K., Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Jaoko, W., Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Kimanga, D., National AIDS and STD Control Programme, Nairobi, Kenya; Overbaugh, J., Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States	Objective: To test the hypothesis that increasing community antiretroviral therapy (ART) coverage would be associated with lower HIV incidence in female sex workers (FSWs) in Mombasa District, Kenya. Design: Prospective cohort study. Methods: From 1998 to 2012, HIV-negative FSWs were asked to return monthly for an interview regarding risk behavior and testing for sexually transmitted infections including HIV. We evaluated the association between community ART coverage and FSW's risk of becoming HIV infected using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for potential confounding factors. Results: One thousand, four hundred and four FSWs contributed 4335 woman-years of follow-up, with 145 acquiring HIV infection (incidence 3.35/100 woman-years). The ART rollout began in 2003. By 2012, an estimated 52% of HIV-positive individuals were receiving treatment. Community ART coverage was inversely associated with HIV incidence (adjusted hazard ratio 0.77; 95% confidence interval 0.61-0.98; P=0.03), suggesting that each 10% increase in coverage was associated with a 23% reduction in FSWs' risk of HIV acquisition. Community ART coverage had no impact on herpes simplex virus type-2 incidence (adjusted hazard ratio 0.97; 95% confidence interval 0.79-1.20; P=0.8). Conclusion: Increasing general population ART coverage was associated with lower HIV incidence in FSWs. The association with HIV incidence, but not herpes simplex virus type-2 incidence, suggests that the effect of community ART coverage may be specific to HIV. Interventions such as preexposure prophylaxis and antiretroviral-containing microbicides have produced disappointing results in HIV prevention trials with FSWs. These results suggest that FSWs' risk of acquiring HIV infection might be reduced through the indirect approach of increasing ART coverage in the community. Copyright © 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.	Africa; antiretroviral therapy; HIV; sex worker; transmission; women	anti human immunodeficiency virus agent; adolescent; adult; antiviral therapy; Article; CD4 lymphocyte count; cohort analysis; community care; female; follow up; herpes simplex; Herpes simplex virus 2; high risk behavior; human; Human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection; Human immunodeficiency virus 2 infection; Human immunodeficiency virus prevalence; incidence; Kenya; Kenyan; priority journal; prospective study; prostitution; sexually transmitted disease; virus load	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33846624283	Tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution disease: Incidence, risk factors and impact in an antiretroviral treatment service in South Africa	Lawn S.D., Myer L., Bekker L.-G., Wood R.	2007	AIDS	21	3	10.1097/QAD.0b013e328011efac	Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Clinical Research Unit, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Unit, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa	Lawn, S.D., Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Clinical Research Unit, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa; Myer, L., Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Unit, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Bekker, L.-G., Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Wood, R., Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	OBJECTIVE: To determine the burden and impact of immune reconstitution disease (IRD) associated with tuberculosis (TB) among patients initiating antiretroviral treatment (ART) in sub-Saharan Africa. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of a study cohort enrolled over 3 years within a community-based ART service in South Africa. METHODS: Patients receiving treatment for TB at the time ART was initiated (n = 160) were studied. Cases of TB-associated IRD during the first 4 months of ART were ascertained. RESULTS: The median baseline CD4 cell count was 68 cells/μl [interquartile range (IQR), 29 - 133 cells/μl) and ART was initiated after a median of 105 days (IQR, 61 - 164 days) from TB diagnosis. Although IRD was diagnosed in just 12% (n = 19) of patients overall, IRD developed in 32% (n = 12) of those who started ART within 2 months of TB diagnosis. Pulmonary involvement was observed in 84% (n = 16) and intra-abdominal manifestations were also common (37%). Overall, 4% (n = 7) of the cohort required secondary level health-care for IRD and two (1%) patients died. In multivariate analysis, risk of IRD was strongly associated with early ART initiation and low baseline CD4 cell count. Of patients with CD4 counts < 50 cells/μl, the proportions who developed IRD following initiation of ART within 0-30, 31-60, 61-90, 91-120 and > 120 days of TB diagnosis were 100%, 33%, 14%, 7% and 0%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of TB-associated IRD in this setting is very high for those with low baseline CD4 cell counts initiating ART early in the course of antituberculosis treatment. However, most cases were self-limiting; overall secondary health-care utilization and mortality risk from IRD were low. © 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.	Africa; Antiretroviral treatment; Immune reconstitution disease; Resource-limited country; Tuberculosis	antiretrovirus agent; corticosteroid; efavirenz; lamivudine; RNA directed DNA polymerase inhibitor; stavudine; tuberculostatic agent; abdominal disease; adult; article; CD4 lymphocyte count; death; female; health care; human; immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome; laparotomy; lung disease; major clinical study; male; morbidity; multivariate analysis; priority journal; retrospective study; risk; risk factor; South Africa; tuberculosis; Adult; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Anti-HIV Agents; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Antitubercular Agents; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Developing Countries; Epidemiologic Methods; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Immune System Diseases; Inflammation; Male; South Africa; Tuberculosis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84911919724	Evaluation of parent-child pairs on antiretroviral therapy in separate adult and pediatric clinics	Bost B.P., Fairlie L., Karstaedt A.S.	2014	Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care	13	6	10.1177/2325957413503367	Department of Medicine, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, PO Box 128, Parklands, Johannesburg, South Africa; Faculty of Health Sciences, Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Research Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Bost, B.P., Department of Medicine, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, PO Box 128, Parklands, Johannesburg, South Africa; Fairlie, L., Faculty of Health Sciences, Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Research Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Karstaedt, A.S., Department of Medicine, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, PO Box 128, Parklands, Johannesburg, South Africa	In Africa, HIV infection is considered a family disease. A retrospective cohort analysis was performed to describe the characteristics and outcome in 35 parent-child pairs taking antiretroviral therapy (ART) in separate adult and pediatric HIV clinics. In 26 pairs, ART was first initiated in children. Baseline median CD4 count was 122/mm3 in adults and 376/mm3 in children. World Health Organization stage 3 or 4 disease affected 49% of adults and 83% of children. In all, 3 parents and 1 child died. Hospitalization, poor adherence, missed appointments, or regimen change affected >50% of pairs on ART. Following tuberculosis diagnosis in their parents, 2 of the 5 children were not investigated. By week 104, 29 (83%) pairs remained on ART, and 69% of patients on ART were virologically suppressed. Parent-child pairs with advanced HIV infection had good outcomes when cared for in separate clinics. Establishing lines of communication between clinics is important. Family-centered services may provide more integrated care. © The Author(s) 2013.	Africa; antiretroviral treatment outcomes; children; HIV; parents	antiretrovirus agent; efavirenz; lamivudine; stavudine; zidovudine; antiretrovirus agent; adult; Africa; Article; child; cohort analysis; female; hospitalization; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; major clinical study; male; parent; patient care; patient compliance; pediatric hospital; treatment outcome; tuberculosis; CD4 lymphocyte count; HIV Infections; immunology; infant; middle aged; outpatient department; pediatrics; preschool child; retrospective study; young adult; Adult; Ambulatory Care Facilities; Anti-Retroviral Agents; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; HIV Infections; Hospitalization; Humans; Infant; Male; Middle Aged; Parents; Patient Compliance; Pediatrics; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77649260008	Decline in early life mortality in a high HIV prevalence rural area of South Africa: Evidence of HIV prevention or treatment impact?	Ndirangu J., Newell M.-L., Tanser F., Herbst A.J., Bland R.	2010	AIDS	24	4	10.1097/QAD.0b013e328335cff5	Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, PO Box 198, Mtubatuba, KwaZulu-Natal 3935, South Africa; Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University College London, Institute of Child Health, United States; Division of Developmental Medicine, University of Glasgow Medical Faculty, United Kingdom	Ndirangu, J., Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, PO Box 198, Mtubatuba, KwaZulu-Natal 3935, South Africa; Newell, M.-L., Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, PO Box 198, Mtubatuba, KwaZulu-Natal 3935, South Africa, Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University College London, Institute of Child Health, United States; Tanser, F., Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, PO Box 198, Mtubatuba, KwaZulu-Natal 3935, South Africa; Herbst, A.J., Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, PO Box 198, Mtubatuba, KwaZulu-Natal 3935, South Africa; Bland, R., Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, PO Box 198, Mtubatuba, KwaZulu-Natal 3935, South Africa, Division of Developmental Medicine, University of Glasgow Medical Faculty, United Kingdom	OBJECTIVE: We present early life mortality rates in a largely rural population with high antenatal HIV prevalence, and investigate temporal and spatial associations with a prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) programme, an HIV treatment programme, and maternal HIV. DESIGN: A retrospective cohort analysis. METHODS: All births from January 2000 to January 2007 to women in the Africa Centre demographic surveillance were included. Under-two child mortality rates (U2MR) computed as deaths per 1000 live-births per year; factors associated with mortality risk assessed with Weibull regression. Availability of PMTCT (single-dose nevirapine; sdNVP) and antiretroviral therapy (ART) in a programme included in multivariable analysis. Results: Eight hundred and forty-eight (6.2%) of 13 583 children under 2 years died. Deaths in under twos declined by 49% between 2001 and 2006, from 86.3 to 44.1 deaths per thousand live-births. Mortality was independently associated with birth season (adjusted hazard ratio 1.16, 95% confidence interval 1.02-1.33), maternal education (1.21, 1.02-1.43), maternal HIV (4.34, 3.11-6.04) and ART availability (0.46, 0.33-0.65). Children born at home (unlikely to have received sdNVP) had a 35% higher risk of dying than children born in a facility where sdNVP was available (1.35, 1.04-1.74). For 2005 births the availability of PMTCT and ART in public health programmes would have explained 8 and 31% of the decline in U2MR since 2000. Conclusion: These findings confirm the importance of maternal survival, and highlight the importance of the PMTCT and especially maternal HIV treatment with direct benefits of improved survival of their young children. © 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.	Africa; ART; HIV; Mortality; PMTCT; Rural	anti human immunodeficiency virus agent; nevirapine; adult; article; child; childhood mortality; controlled study; female; health program; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; Human immunodeficiency virus prevalence; infant feeding; major clinical study; male; newborn period; priority journal; risk assessment; risk factor; rural area; single drug dose; South Africa; vertical transmission; Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; Male; Nevirapine; Post-Exposure Prophylaxis; Pregnancy; Prenatal Care; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Rural Health; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84929430951	Evaluation of artisan training in metal silo construction for grain storage in Africa: Impact on uptake, entrepreneurship and income	Ndegwa M.K., De Groote H., Gitonga Z.M.	2015	International Journal of Educational Development	43	None	10.1016/j.ijedudev.2015.04.012	University of Nairobi, College of Education and External Studies, Nairobi, Kenya; International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Socioeconomics Program (SEP), P.O. Box 1041-00621, Nairobi, Kenya; CIMMYT, SEP, Nairobi, Kenya; International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Nairobi, Kenya	Ndegwa, M.K., University of Nairobi, College of Education and External Studies, Nairobi, Kenya, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Nairobi, Kenya; De Groote, H., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Socioeconomics Program (SEP), P.O. Box 1041-00621, Nairobi, Kenya; Gitonga, Z.M., CIMMYT, SEP, Nairobi, Kenya	This study assesses the impact of training sheet metal workers in Kenya on their uptake of learned skills and their income. Fifty-eight artisans trained in the construction of metal silos for hermetic grain storage were compared to a random sample of 123 untrained artisans. Results show that two-thirds of the trained artisans were making the silos, half of these in their own workshops and half as employees. The probability of using the skills learned declined with age but increased with previous experience in technical work. The training did not significantly increase the income of employed artisans, but increased the annual income of those who made the silos in their own workshops by KSh315,173 (about US$3,600). The overall impact could be improved by better targeting of trainees, by using apprenticeships as an alternative mode of training, and by encouraging entrepreneurship through business training and provision of credit. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.	Africa; Artisan; Impact; Metal silos; Vocational training	construction; entrepreneur; food storage; income; silo; skilled labor; training; vocational education; assessment method; metal; Kenya	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879424243	Economics of brucellosis impact and control in low-income countries	McDermott J., Grace D., Zinsstag J.	2013	OIE Revue Scientifique et Technique	32	1	None	International Food Policy Research Institute, 2033 K St NW, Washington, DC, 20006, United States; International Livestock Research Institute, P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, University of Basel, P.O. Box 4002, Basel, Switzerland	McDermott, J., International Food Policy Research Institute, 2033 K St NW, Washington, DC, 20006, United States; Grace, D., International Livestock Research Institute, P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya; Zinsstag, J., Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, University of Basel, P.O. Box 4002, Basel, Switzerland	Most data and evidence on the economic burden of brucellosis and the benefits of its control are from high-income and middle-income countries. However, the burden of brucellosis is greatest in low-income countries. This paper focuses on estimating the economic burdens of brucellosis in low-income countries in tropical Asia and Africa. The prospects for national, technically feasible, and economically viable, national brucellosis control programmes in most low-income countries are limited. However, some targeted control programmes will be beneficial and can probably be feasibly managed and provide good economic returns. More ambitious control will require a more general strengthening of Veterinary Services and livestock-sector capacity, using risk-management-based approaches.	Africa; Asia; Brucellosis; Costs; Economics; Low-income countries; One Health -Programme impact; Zoonosis	Brucella vaccine; animal; animal disease; article; brucellosis; developing country; economics; health; human; immunology; Animals; Brucella Vaccine; Brucellosis; Developing Countries; Humans; World Health	DFID, Department for International Development; ESRC, Economic and Social Research Council; NERC, Natural Environment Research Council
WoS	WOS:000306771400008	Impacts of Community-driven Development Programs on Income and Asset Acquisition in Africa: The Case of Nigeria	Kato, Edward,Mogues, Tewodaj,Nkonya, Ephraim,Pender, John,Phillip, Day	2012	WORLD DEVELOPMENT	40	9	10.1016/j.worlddev.2012.04.028	International Food Policy Research Institute, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), International Food Policy Research Institute, Int Food Policy Res Inst, Nasarawa State Univ, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)	"Kato, Edward: International Food Policy Research Institute","Mogues, Tewodaj: International Food Policy Research Institute","Nkonya, Ephraim: International Food Policy Research Institute","Pender, John: United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)",	This study evaluates the impacts of a community-driven development (CDD) project on household income and acquisition of productive assets in Nigeria. Using recall data, difference-in-differences, and propensity score matching approaches, the study finds that the project succeeded in targeting the poor and women farmers in its productive asset acquisition component. Participation in the project also increased the mean income of beneficiaries by about 40-60% but the impact of the project on income of the poorest beneficiaries was not statistically significant. Additionally, sustainability of this achievement is uncertain since the project did not involve rural credit services. The large cash transfer through its productive asset acquisition component is also unsustainable. Future studies should be undertaken using longer-term panel data to capture the pattern and trend of the impact of this project. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Africa,assets,"community-driven development","impact evaluation",INCOME,NIGERIA,POVERTY,TARGETING,CAUSAL,"ELITE CAPTURE","GINI COEFFICIENT","NEGATIVE INCOME","PROPENSITY SCORE"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79957483022	Assessing the potential impact of integrated agricultural research for development (IAR4D) on adoption of improved cereal-legume crop varieties in the Sudan Savannah zone of Nigeria	Nyemeck Binam J., Abdoulaye T., Olarinde L., Kamara A., Adekunle A.	2011	Journal of Agricultural and Food Information	12	2	10.1080/10496505.2011.563233	Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa (FARA), Sub-Saharan Africa Challenge Program (SSA CP), KKM PLS-IAR-Agric Research Station (ARS), ABU Sabo Bakin Zuwo (Wudil) Road, P.O. Box 1062, Kano, Nigeria; International Institute for Tropical Agriculture-Kano Station, Croydon, United Kingdom; Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa (FARA), Accra, Ghana	Nyemeck Binam, J., Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa (FARA), Sub-Saharan Africa Challenge Program (SSA CP), KKM PLS-IAR-Agric Research Station (ARS), ABU Sabo Bakin Zuwo (Wudil) Road, P.O. Box 1062, Kano, Nigeria; Abdoulaye, T., International Institute for Tropical Agriculture-Kano Station, Croydon, United Kingdom; Olarinde, L., Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa (FARA), Sub-Saharan Africa Challenge Program (SSA CP), KKM PLS-IAR-Agric Research Station (ARS), ABU Sabo Bakin Zuwo (Wudil) Road, P.O. Box 1062, Kano, Nigeria; Kamara, A., International Institute for Tropical Agriculture-Kano Station, Croydon, United Kingdom; Adekunle, A., Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa (FARA), Accra, Ghana	This article provides an assessment of the potential impact of operationalizing agricultural innovation platforms (IPs) in the Sudan Savannah zone of Nigeria on adoption of improved maize/legume crop varieties, as measured by the potential outcome approach. The results show that, if the whole population in the intervention area were exposed to these varieties, the adoption rate could be increased to 69% instead of 49%. The study also shows that exposure, as well as adoption, is influenced by numerous social and institutional factors and suggests that the operationalization of IPs could help boost the adoption rate to around 51%. © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.	Africa; ATE and LATE estimation; Ex-ante impact assessment; IAR4D; Improved cereal and legume varieties; Innovation platforms; Nigeria; Sudan	Ips	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-32344440641	The impact of participatory and non-participatory evaluations on meeting project objectives	Niba M., Green J.M.	2005	African Journal of AIDS Research	4	2	None	Department of Community Resources, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa	Niba, M., Department of Community Resources, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Green, J.M., Department of Community Resources, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa	This study investigates the value of participation on meeting a project's objectives by comparing the impact of participatory and non-participatory evaluation frameworks. We assessed HIV/AIDS projects that shared similarities in terms of objectives and implementation strategies, but differed in their evaluation strategies, in order to identify differences in the outcome of the projects on the beneficiaries. The study concentrated on documentary and interview evidence of communication-based HIV/AIDS projects. The results highlight that in spite of socio-demographic differences, consistent use of a participatory methodology created an enabling environment, in terms of implementation, for meeting a project's objectives (particularly improved group awareness, knowledge, attitude, empowerment, functioning and sustainability); and, in terms of evaluation, a participatory methodology better enabled the internalisation of those objectives, through activities such as focus group discussions. Copyright © NISC Pty Ltd.	Africa; Behaviour; Community empowerment; HIV/AIDS interventions; Monitoring and evaluation	acquired immune deficiency syndrome; article; attitude to illness; demography; documentation; empowerment; evidence based practice; health care delivery; health care planning; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; information processing; interpersonal communication; interview; medical information; methodology; outcome assessment; participatory management; social aspect; sustainable development	None
WoS	WOS:000322634100001	Evaluating institutional capacity for research ethics in Africa: a case study from Botswana	Ali, Joseph,Hyder, Adnan A.,Kass, Nancy,Ndebele, Paul,Ssekubugu, Robert,Zafar, Waleed	2013	BMC MEDICAL ETHICS	14	None	10.1186/1472-6939-14-31	Johns Hopkins University, Uganda Virus Research Institute, University of Botswana	"Ali, Joseph: Johns Hopkins University","Ndebele, Paul: University of Botswana","Ssekubugu, Robert: Uganda Virus Research Institute","Zafar, Waleed: Johns Hopkins University"	Background: The increase in the volume of research conducted in Low and Middle Income Countries (LMIC), has brought a renewed international focus on processes for ethical conduct of research. Several programs have been initiated to strengthen the capacity for research ethics in LMIC. However, most such programs focus on individual training or development of ethics review committees. The objective of this paper is to present an approach to institutional capacity assessment in research ethics and application of this approach in the form of a case study from an institution in Africa. Methods: We adapted the Octagon model originally used by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency to assess an organization along eight domains in research ethics: basic values and identity; structure and organization; ability to carry out activities; relevance of activities to stated goals; capacity of staff and management; administrative, financing and accounting systems; its relations with target groups; and the national context. We used a mixed methods approach to collect empirical data at the University of Botswana from March to December 2010. Results: The overall shape of the external evaluation Octagon suggests that strengths of the University of Botswana are in the areas of structure, relevance, production and identity; while the university still needs more work in the areas of systems of finance, target groups, and environment. The Octagons also show the similarities and discrepancies between the 'external' and 'internal' evaluations and provide an opportunity for exploration of these different assessments. For example, the discrepant score for 'identity' between internal and external evaluations allows for an exploration of what constitutes a strong identity for research ethics at the University of Botswana and how it can be strengthened. Conclusions: There is a general lack of frameworks for evaluating research ethics capacity in LMICs. We presented an approach that stresses evaluation from both internal and external perspectives. This case study highlights the university's rapid progress in developing research ethics capacity and points to some notable areas for improvement. We believe that such an empirically-driven and participatory assessment allows a more holistic measurement and promotion of institutional capacity strengthening for research ethics in LMICs.	Africa,BIOETHICS,BOTSWANA,"capacity development","research ethics",CLINICAL-RESEARCH,GLOBALIZATION,"HEALTH RESEARCH","MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES",POLICY,SYSTEMS	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77951713262	Within-neighborhood patterns and sources of particle pollution: Mobile monitoring and geographic information system analysis in four communities in Accra, Ghana	Dionisio K.L., Rooney M.S., Arku R.E., Friedman A.B., Hughes A.F., Vallarino J., Agyei-Mensah S., Spengler J.D., Ezzati M.	2010	Environmental Health Perspectives	118	5	10.1289/ehp.0901365	Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Initiative for Global Health, Cambridge, MA, United States; Cyprus International Institute for the Environment and Public Health, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Geography and Resource Development, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Department of Physics, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Environmental Science Program, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana	Dionisio, K.L., Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States, Harvard Initiative for Global Health, Cambridge, MA, United States; Rooney, M.S., Harvard Initiative for Global Health, Cambridge, MA, United States; Arku, R.E., Cyprus International Institute for the Environment and Public Health, Nicosia, Cyprus, Department of Geography and Resource Development, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Friedman, A.B., Harvard Initiative for Global Health, Cambridge, MA, United States; Hughes, A.F., Department of Physics, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Vallarino, J., Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Agyei-Mensah, S., Department of Geography and Resource Development, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana, Environmental Science Program, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Spengler, J.D., Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Ezzati, M., Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States, Harvard Initiative for Global Health, Cambridge, MA, United States	Background: Sources of air pollution in developing country cities include transportation and industrial pollution, biomass and coal fuel use, and resuspended dust from unpaved roads. Objectives: Our goal was to understand within-neighborhood spatial variability of particulate matter (PM) in communities of varying socioeconomic status (SES) in Accra, Ghana, and to quantify the effects of nearby sources on local PM concentration. Methods: We conducted 1 week of morning and afternoon mobile and stationary air pollution measurements in four study neighborhoods. PM with aerodynamic diameters ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and ≤ 10 μm (PM10) was measured continuously, with matched global positioning system coordinates; detailed data on local sources were collected at periodic stops. The effects of nearby sources on local PM were estimated using linear mixed-effects models. Results: In our measurement campaign, the geometric means of PM2.5 and PM10 along the mobile monitoring path were 21 and 49 μg/m3, respectively, in the neighborhood with highest SES and 39 and 96 μg/m3, respectively, in the neighborhood with lowest SES and highest population density. PM2.5 and PM10 were as high as 200 and 400 μg/m3, respectively, in some segments of the path. After adjusting for other factors, the factors that had the largest effects on local PM pollution were nearby wood and charcoal stoves, congested and heavy traffic, loose dirt road surface, and trash burning. Conclusions: Biomass fuels, transportation, and unpaved roads may be important determinants of local PM variation in Accra neighborhoods. If confirmed by additional or supporting data, the results demonstrate the need for effective and equitable interventions and policies that reduce the impacts of traffic and biomass pollution.	Africa; Biomass; Geographic information system; Particulate matter; Poverty; Spatial; Urbanization	charcoal; air pollution; article; biomass; controlled study; geographic information system; Ghana; global positioning system; particle size; particulate matter; pollution monitoring; population density; priority journal; quantitative analysis; social status; traffic; waste disposal; wood; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Developing Countries; Environmental Monitoring; Geographic Information Systems; Ghana; Humans; Linear Models; Particulate Matter; Social Class; Time Factors; Transportation; Urban Health; Weather	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84958012809	Impact of a short biostatistics course on knowledge and performance of postgraduate scholars: Implications for training of African doctors and biomedical researchers	Chima S.C., Nkwanyana N.M., Esterhuizen T.M.	2015	Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice	18	7	10.4103/1119-3077.170818	Programme of Bio and Research Ethics and Medical Law, School of Nursing and Public Health, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa	Chima, S.C., Programme of Bio and Research Ethics and Medical Law, School of Nursing and Public Health, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Nkwanyana, N.M., Programme of Bio and Research Ethics and Medical Law, School of Nursing and Public Health, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Esterhuizen, T.M., Programme of Bio and Research Ethics and Medical Law, School of Nursing and Public Health, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa	Background and Objectives: This study was designed to evaluate the impact of a short biostatistics course on knowledge and performance of statistical analysis by biomedical researchers in Africa. It is recognized that knowledge of biostatistics is essential for understanding and interpretation of modern scientific literature and active participation in the global research enterprise. Unfortunately, it has been observed that basic education of African scholars may be deficient in applied mathematics including biostatistics. Materials and Methods: Forty university affiliated biomedical researchers from South Africa volunteered for a 4-day short-course where participants were exposed to lectures on descriptive and inferential biostatistics and practical training on using a statistical software package for data analysis. A quantitative questionnaire was used to evaluate participants' statistical knowledge and performance pre- and post-course. Changes in knowledge and performance were measured using objective and subjective criteria. Data from completed questionnaires were captured and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Participants' pre- and post-course data were compared using nonparametric Wilcoxon signed ranks tests for nonnormally distributed variables. A P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Baseline testing of statistical knowledge showed a median score of 0, with 75th percentile at 28.6%, and a maximum score of 71.4%. Postcourse evaluation revealed improvement in participants' core knowledge with the median score increasing to 28.5%; and the 75th percentile score to 85.7%; signifying improved understanding of statistical concepts and ability to carry out data analyses. Conclusions: This study just showed poor baseline knowledge of biostatistics among postgraduate scholars and health science researchers in this cohort and highlights the potential benefits of short-courses in biostatistics to improve the knowledge and skills of biomedical researchers and scholars in Africa. © 2015 Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice | Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow.	Africa; Biostatistics; Doctors; Medical ethics; Research; Researchers; Students	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84875177415	Evaluation of the neighborhood environment walkability scale in Nigeria	Oyeyemi A.L., Sallis J.F., Deforche B., Oyeyemi A.Y., De Bourdeaudhuij I., Van Dyck D.	2013	International Journal of Health Geographics	12	None	10.1186/1476-072X-12-16	Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria; Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Family and Preventi	Oyeyemi, A.L., Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria; Sallis, J.F., Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, United States; Deforche, B., Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium, Department of Biometry and Biomechanics, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium; Oyeyemi, A.Y., Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria; De Bourdeaudhuij, I., Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Van Dyck, D., Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium, Research Foundation Flanders, Brussels, Belgium	Background: The development of reliable and culturally sensitive measures of attributes of the built and social environment is necessary for accurate analysis of environmental correlates of physical activity in low-income countries, that can inform international evidence-based policies and interventions in the worldwide prevention of physical inactivity epidemics. This study systematically adapted the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale (NEWS) for Nigeria and evaluated aspects of reliability and validity of the adapted version among Nigerian adults.Methods: The adaptation of the NEWS was conducted by African and international experts, and final items were selected for NEWS-Nigeria after a cross-validation of the confirmatory factor analysis structure of the original NEWS. Participants (N = 386; female = 47.2%) from two cities in Nigeria completed the adapted NEWS surveys regarding perceived residential density, land use mix - diversity, land use mix - access, street connectivity, infrastructure and safety for walking and cycling, aesthetics, traffic safety, and safety from crime. Self-reported activity for leisure, walking for different purposes, and overall physical activity were assessed with the validated International Physical Activity Questionnaire (long version).Results: The adapted NEWS subscales had moderate to high test-retest reliability (ICC range 0.59 -0.91). Construct validity was good, with residents of high-walkable neighborhoods reporting significantly higher residential density, more land use mix diversity, higher street connectivity, more traffic safety and more safety from crime, but lower infrastructure and safety for walking/cycling and aesthetics than residents of low-walkable neighborhoods. Concurrent validity correlations were low to moderate (r = 0.10 -0.31) with residential density, land use mix diversity, and traffic safety significantly associated with most physical activity outcomes.Conclusions: The NEWS-Nigeria demonstrated acceptable measurement properties among Nigerian adults and may be useful for evaluation of the built environment in Nigeria. Further adaptation and evaluation in other African countries is needed to create a version that could be used throughout the African region. © 2013 Oyeyemi et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Africa; Built environment; Measurements; Physical activity; Psychometric	developing world; esthetics; land use; low income population; neighborhood; physical activity; psychology; walking; Nigeria; adult; article; demography; environmental planning; evaluation; evidence based medicine; female; human; male; methodology; middle aged; motor activity; Nigeria; physiology; psychological aspect; standard; statistics; walking; Adult; Environment Design; Evidence-Based Medicine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Motor Activity; Nigeria; Residence Characteristics; Walking	None
None	None	Evaluation of community animal health delivery systems in Simanjiro, Tanzania	Swai E.S., Masaaza S., Daborn C.J.	2014	Livestock Research for Rural Development	26	8	None	Veterinary Investigation Centre, PO Box 1068, Arusha, Tanzania; District Veterinary Office, PO Box 13484, Simanjiro, Tanzania; Tropical Veterinary Services, PO Box 266, Karatu, Tanzania	Swai, E.S., Veterinary Investigation Centre, PO Box 1068, Arusha, Tanzania; Masaaza, S., District Veterinary Office, PO Box 13484, Simanjiro, Tanzania; Daborn, C.J., Tropical Veterinary Services, PO Box 266, Karatu, Tanzania	A survey was carried out to characterise community animal health delivery systems in pastoral communities of Simanjiro, northern Tanzania. This was prompted by the reported high disease challenges, remoteness and long term shortage of formal trained state and private veterinary professional staff. The study was conducted during the period of March 2010 through December 2010. The data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17. A total of 88 community animal health workers (CAHWs) from 6, 15 and 36 administrative division, wards and villages, respectively, participated in the survey. The survey revealed that the education level of interviewed CAHWs varied from adult education to certificate (2 years) training in veterinary or animal husbandry and a substantial variation was observed between divisions. Apart from delivering animal / veterinary husbandry services in their respect areas, 83 (95%) of the interviewed CAHWs were reported to be engaged in livestock keeping activities and acknowledged that livestock production (90%) to be their major source of household income. The working relationship and technical link between CAHWs and local government veterinary staff (LFO) was rated to be good. The study established that CAHWs were recognized and respected by the local community for the services they offer. It is, however, seen as an imperative that CAHWs should only operate under the direct supervision of trained and licensed veterinary personnel; receive continuous training and adequate technical support; and require recognition by existing policies, veterinary legislation and laws. Official recognition of CAHWs is long overdue and will be fundamental to facilitate better linkages and information channels between the delivery of community based primary animal health services and government veterinary services and regulatory bodies.	Africa; CAHWs; Livestock; Pastoralists	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349884322	Warneckea austro-occidentalis, a new species from Cameroon and Nigeria, and re-evaluation of W. fascicularis var. mangrovensis (Melastomataceae-Olisbeoideae)	Stone R.D., Ghogue J.-P., Cheek M.	2009	Kew Bulletin	64	2	10.1007/s12225-009-9106-6	School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa; Herbier National du Cameroun, B.P. 1601, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, United Kingdom	Stone, R.D., School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa; Ghogue, J.-P., Herbier National du Cameroun, B.P. 1601, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Cheek, M., Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, United Kingdom	Described and illustrated is Warneckea austro-occidentalis R. D. Stone, an endemic of tropical forests in Cameroon's South West Province and adjacent Nigeria. The name W. mangrovensis (Jacq.-Fél.) R. D. Stone is also proposed at species level for the taxon originally described as W. fascicularis var. mangrovensis Jacq.-Fél. An IUCN (2001) status of endangered is assigned for both W. austro-occidentalis and W. mangrovensis. © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2009.	Africa; Cameroon; Gabon; Melastomataceae; Nigeria; Warneckea	Melastomataceae; Warneckea	None
WoS	WOS:000286143100001	Turning around an ailing district hospital: a realist evaluation of strategic changes at Ho Municipal Hospital (Ghana)	Dedzo, McDamien,Kegels, Guy,Marchal, Bruno	2010	BMC PUBLIC HEALTH	10	None	10.1186/1471-2458-10-787	Ghana Health Service, Inst Trop Med	"Dedzo, McDamien: Ghana Health Service",	Background: There is a growing consensus that linear approaches to improving the performance of health workers and health care organisations may only obtain short-term results. An alternative approach premised on the principle of human resource management described as a form of 'High commitment management', builds upon a bundles of balanced practices. This has been shown to contribute to better organisational performance. This paper illustrates an intervention and outcome of high commitment management (HiCom) at an urban hospital in Ghana. Few studies have shown how HiCom management might contribute to better performance of health services and in particular of hospitals in low and middle-income settings. Methods: A realist case study design was used to analyse how specific management practices might contribute to improving the performance of an urban district hospital in Ho, Volta Region, in Ghana. Mixed methods were used to collect data, including document review, in-depth interviews, group discussions, observations and a review of routine health information. Results: At Ho Municipal Hospital, the management team dealt with the crisis engulfing the ailing urban district hospital by building an alliance between hospital staff to generate a sense of ownership with a focus around participative problem analysis. The creation of an alliance led to improving staff morale and attitude, and contributed also to improvements in the infrastructure and equipment. This in turn had a positive impact on the revenue generating capacity of the hospital. The quick turn around in the state of this hospital showed that change was indeed possible, a factor that greatly motivated the staff. In a second step, the management team initiated the development of a strategic plan for the hospital to maintain the dynamics of change. This was undertaken through participative methods and sustained earlier staff involvement, empowerment and feelings of reciprocity. We found that these factors acted as the core mechanisms underlying the changes taking place at Ho Municipal Hospital. Conclusions: This study shows how a hospital management team in Ghana succeeded in resuscitating an ailing hospital. Their high commitment management approach led to the active involvement and empowerment of staff. It also showed how a realist evaluation approach such as this, could be used in the research of the management of health care organisations to explain how management interventions may or may not work.	,AFRICA,CARE,CLIMATE,COMMITMENT,CULTURE,HEALTH,"HUMAN-RESOURCE MANAGEMENT","PERCEIVED ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT",PERFORMANCE,POLICY	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34548390179	Impact of caring for children with cerebral palsy on the general health of their caregivers in an African community	Hamzat T.-H.K., Mordi E.L.	2007	International Journal of Rehabilitation Research	30	3	10.1097/MRR.0b013e3281e5af46	Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, PMB 5017 GPO Dugbe, Ibadan, Nigeria	Hamzat, T.-H.K., Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, PMB 5017 GPO Dugbe, Ibadan, Nigeria; Mordi, E.L., Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Caring for children with physical disabilities such as cerebral palsy can have an impact on the health of their caregivers. Records show a dearth of literature on the health impact of caring for children with cerebral palsy (CP) in Africa. This study compared the general health of caregivers of children with cerebral palsy (CGCP) with that of caregivers of age-matched children without cerebral palsy (CGNCP). The relationship between severities of motor disorder in children with CP and the general health of their caregivers was also investigated. Participants comprised 71 CGCP and 70 CGNCP in the Yoruba community of South-Western Nigeria. The General Health Questionnaire was administered to all participants and the severity of motor disorder was assessed in children with cerebral palsy using the Gross Motor Function Measure-66. Results showed significantly higher General Health Questionnaire scores in the caregivers of children with cerebral palsy than in the caregivers of age-matched children without cerebral palsy group (U=1237.5, P=0.00). No significant correlation was found between the Gross Motor Function Measure and General Health Questionnaire scores of the caregivers of children with cerebral palsy (ρ=-0.104). Caring for children with cerebral palsy apparently had a negative impact on the health of their caregivers when compared with the health of caregivers of children without cerebral palsy. It seemed that severity of motor disorder in cerebral palsy had no direct bearing on the health status of caregivers. © 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.	Africa; Caregiver; Cerebral palsy; Children; Community; General health	Africa; Medical problems; Cerebral palsy; Community; General health; Motor disorder; Health care; Africa; article; caregiver; cerebral palsy; child care; controlled study; General Health Questionnaire; health care; health status; human; information processing; motor dysfunction; motor performance; physical disability; priority journal; Caregivers; Case-Control Studies; Cerebral Palsy; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Health Status; Humans; Infant; Male; Motor Skills Disorders; Nigeria; Questionnaires	None
WoS	WOS:000273449700027	Developmental monitoring using caregiver reports in a resource-limited setting: the case of Kilifi, Kenya	Abubakar, A.,Bomu, G.,Holding, P.,Van Baar, A.,van de Vijver, F.	2010	ACTA PAEDIATRICA	99	2	10.1111/j.1651-2227.2009.01561.x	Case Western Reserve University, North West University - South Africa, Tilburg University, University of Utrecht, KEMRI Wellcome Trust Res Programme	"Van Baar, A.: University of Utrecht",	Aim: The main aim of the current study was to evaluate the reliability, validity and acceptability of developmental monitoring using caregiver reports among mothers in a rural African setting. Methods: A structured interview for parents of children aged 24 months and less was developed through both participant consultation and a review of literature. The reliability and validity of the schedule was evaluated through a 10-month monitoring programme of 95 children, aged 2-10 months. The acceptability of the process was evaluated by studying retention rates and by organizing focus group discussions with participating mothers. Results: The structured interview 'Developmental Milestones Checklist' consisted of 66 items covering three broad domains of child functioning: motor, language and personal-social development. The interview yielded scores of developmental achievements that showed high internal consistency and excellent test-retest reliability. The results were sensitive to maturational changes and nutritional deficiencies. In addition, acceptable retention rates of approximately 80% were found. Participating mothers reported that they found the procedures both acceptable and beneficial. Conclusion: Developmental monitoring using caregiver report is a viable method to identify and monitor at-risk children in Sub-Saharan Africa.	Africa,"Caregiver reports",CHILDREN,"developmental monitoring",CARE,CHILD-DEVELOPMENT,DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES,"NEUROLOGICAL IMPAIRMENT",PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN,SERVICES	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77949362046	Evaluation of affordable screening markers to detect CD4+ T-cell counts below 200 cells/μl among HIV-1-infected Ugandan adults	Miiro G., Nakubulwa S., Watera C., Munderi P., Floyd S., Grosskurth H.	2010	Tropical Medicine and International Health	15	4	10.1111/j.1365-3156.2010.02471.x	MRC/UVRI, Uganda Research Unit on Aids in Uganda, PO Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom	Miiro, G., MRC/UVRI, Uganda Research Unit on Aids in Uganda, PO Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda; Nakubulwa, S., MRC/UVRI, Uganda Research Unit on Aids in Uganda, PO Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda; Watera, C., MRC/UVRI, Uganda Research Unit on Aids in Uganda, PO Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda; Munderi, P., MRC/UVRI, Uganda Research Unit on Aids in Uganda, PO Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda; Floyd, S., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Grosskurth, H., MRC/UVRI, Uganda Research Unit on Aids in Uganda, PO Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda	Objective: To evaluate validity of WHO staging, low body mass index (BMI) and anaemia in detecting HIV-infected adults with CD4+ T-cell counts &lt; 200 cells/μl. Methods: Between October 1995 and April 2006, we screened Ugandans aged 16 or older at enrolment into an open cohort. We analysed highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART)-naïve HIV-infected patients with WHO stages 1-3 and complete data in a secondary cross-sectional study. Low BMI was a BMI &lt; 18.5 kg/m 2. Anaemia was a haemoglobin level &lt; 11 or 12 g/dl among women and men respectively. Results: Among 2892 HAART-naïve patients, the median age was 32 years. 71% were women, 54% had WHO stage 3 AIDS, 34% had anaemia, 16% had a low BMI and 43% had CD4+ T-cell counts &lt; 200 cells/μl. WHO stage 3 compared to combined WHO stages 1 and 2 had a sensitivity (95% CI) of 70% (67, 72) and a specificity of 57% (55, 60) respectively to detect CD4+ T-cell counts &lt; 200 cells/μl. Anaemia compared to normal haemoglobin had sensitivity (95% CI) of 47% (44, 50) and a specificity of 76% (74, 78). Low BMI compared to normal BMI had sensitivity (95% CI) of 23% (20, 25) and a specificity of 89% (87, 90) against CD4+ T-cell counts &lt; 200 cells/μl. Conclusion: Only WHO stage 3 had reasonably high sensitivity in detecting CD4+ T-cell counts below 200 cells/μl in this setting. Targeted low-cost CD4 testing strategies are urgently needed to detect patients eligible for HAART in rural Africa and other resource-limited settings. © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.	Africa; CD4; Highly active anti-retroviral therapy; Markers; Screening	biological marker; hemoglobin; age class; biomarker; body mass; human immunodeficiency virus; medical geography; spatiotemporal analysis; World Health Organization; acquired immune deficiency syndrome; adolescent; adult; aged; AIDS patient; anemia; article; body mass; CD4 lymphocyte count; controlled study; cost benefit analysis; cross-sectional study; disease marker; female; hemoglobin blood level; highly active antiretroviral therapy; human; Human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection; major clinical study; male; protein targeting; screening test; sensitivity and specificity; staging; Uganda; validation process; world health organization; Adolescent; Adult; Anemia; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Biological Markers; Body Mass Index; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Hemoglobins; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Sensitivity and Specificity; Uganda; World Health Organization; Young Adult; Uganda; Human immunodeficiency virus 1	None
None	None	Performance of visual inspection with acetic acid and human papillomavirus testing for detection of high-grade cervical lesions in HIV positive and HIV negative Tanzanian women	Dartell M.A., Rasch V., Iftner T., Kahesa C., Mwaiselage J.D., Junge J., Gernow A., Ejlersen S.F., Munk C., Kjaer S.K.	2014	International Journal of Cancer	135	4	10.1002/ijc.28712	Department of International Health, Public Health Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Unit of Virus Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department of Experimental Virology, Universitaetsklinikum, Tuebingen, Germany; Division of Cancer PreventionOcean Road Cancer Institute, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania; Department of Pathology, Hvidovre University Hospital, Denmark; Gynecological Clinic, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark	Dartell, M.A., Department of International Health, Public Health Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, Unit of Virus Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Rasch, V., Department of International Health, Public Health Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Iftner, T., Department of Experimental Virology, Universitaetsklinikum, Tuebingen, Germany; Kahesa, C., Division of Cancer PreventionOcean Road Cancer Institute, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania; Mwaiselage, J.D., Division of Cancer PreventionOcean Road Cancer Institute, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania; Junge, J., Department of Pathology, Hvidovre University Hospital, Denmark; Gernow, A., Department of Pathology, Hvidovre University Hospital, Denmark; Ejlersen, S.F., Department of Pathology, Hvidovre University Hospital, Denmark; Munk, C., Unit of Virus Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Kjaer, S.K., Unit of Virus Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark, Gynecological Clinic, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark	The aim of this cross sectional study was to assess type distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) among HIV positive and HIV negative women who underwent cervical cancer screening, and to examine the ability of visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA), the standard detection method in Tanzania, and HPV-testing to detect cytologically diagnosed high grade lesions or cancer (HSIL+). Women from different areas in Tanzania were invited by public announcement to cervical cancer screening organized by Ocean Road Cancer Institute (Dar-es-Salaam). A total of 3,767 women were enrolled. Women underwent gynecological examination with collection of cervical cells for conventional cytological examination, and swab for HPV-DNA detection (Hybrid-Capture2) and genotyping (LiPAv2 test). Subsequently VIA was performed. The participants were also tested for HIV. HPV16, HPV52 and HPV18 were the three most common HR HPV types among women with HSIL+ cytology with prevalences of 42.9, 35.7 and 28.6%, respectively, in HIV positive women which was higher than among HIV negative women (30.2, 21.9 and 16.7%). A total of 4.5% of the women were VIA positive, and VIA showed a low sensitivity compared to HPV-testing for detection of HSIL+. The sensitivity of VIA varied with staff VIA experience, HIV status and age. Vaccines including HPV16, HPV52 and HPV18 will likely reduce the number of HSIL+ cases independently of HIV status. The frequency of HSIL+ was high among HIV positive women, emphasizing the importance of establishing a screening program which also reaches HIV positive women. Our results highlight the importance of continuous training of staff performing VIA, and also point to the need for other screening methods such as HPV-testing at low cost. © 2014 UICC.	Africa; cervical cancer; HIV; HPV testing; pap smear; sensitivity; specificity; Tanzania; visual inspection with acetic acid	acetic acid; adult; aged; article; cancer grading; cancer screening; cross-sectional study; diagnostic test accuracy study; female; genotype; gold standard; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; Human papillomavirus DNA test; Human papillomavirus type 16; Human papillomavirus type 18; Human papillomavirus type 52; intermethod comparison; major clinical study; medical personnel; prevalence; priority journal; professional competence; sensitivity and specificity; Tanzania; uterine cervix cancer; uterine cervix cytology; vagina smear; Africa; cervical cancer; HIV; HPV testing; pap smear; sensitivity; specificity; Tanzania; visual inspection with acetic acid; Acetic Acid; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cervix Uteri; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cytological Techniques; DNA, Viral; Early Detection of Cancer; Female; Genotype; HIV Infections; HIV Seropositivity; Humans; Mass Screening; Middle Aged; Papillomaviridae; Prevalence; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Tanzania; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Vaginal Smears; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84905574645	First evaluation of a population-based screen to detect emotional-behavior disorders in orphaned children in sub-Saharan Africa	Sharp C., Venta A., Marais L., Skinner D., Lenka M., Serekoane J.	2014	AIDS and Behavior	18	6	10.1007/s10461-014-0739-6	Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States; Centre for Development Support, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Research on Health and Society, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Anthropology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa	Sharp, C., Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States; Venta, A., Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States; Marais, L., Centre for Development Support, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Skinner, D., Research on Health and Society, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; Lenka, M., Centre for Development Support, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Serekoane, J., Department of Anthropology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa	Due to the HIV/AIDS pandemic which has left 12 million children orphaned in Sub-Saharan Africa, children are at increased risk for mental health problems. Currently, no validity data exist for any screening measure of emotional-behavior disorders in pre-adolescent children in Sub-Saharan Africa. The aims of the current study were to evaluate the construct validity of the caregiver-, teacher-, and self-report versions of the one-page Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) in 466 orphans in South Africa between the ages of 7 and 11 (Mage = 9.23 years, SD = 1.33, 51.93 % female) and to provide, for the first time, clinical cut-offs for this population. Findings demonstrated support for the caregiver SDQ, but not the teacher and self-report versions. We provide clinical cut-offs, but caution their use before further research is conducted. There remains a critical need for further psychometric studies of the SDQ in the developing world. Resumen Debido a la pandemia de VIH /SIDA que ha dejado a 12 millones de niños huérfanos en Á frica subsahariana, los niños tienen un riesgo mayor de tener problemas de salud mental. Actualmente, no hay data para validar ningún cuestionario de trastornos emocionales y de comportamiento en los niños pre-adolescentes en el Á frica subsahariana. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron evaluar la validez de constructo de varias versiones (completadas por cuidador, maestro, y autoinforme) de un cuestionario de una página, el Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), en 466 huérfanos en Sudáfrica entre las edades de 7 y 11 (M = 9.23 años, SD = 1.33, 51.93 % mujeres) y describir, por primera vez, los puntos de estratificación para esta población. Los resultados demuestran apoyo para la versión SDQ completada por el cuidador, pero no la versión completada por el maestro ni por autoinforme. Ofrecemos puntos de estratificación, pero advertimos contra su uso antes de que se realicen más investigaciones. Sigue habiendo una necesidad crítica de estudios psicométricos del SDQ en el mundo subdesarrollado. © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014.	Africa; Children; Orphans; Population screen; Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire; Validity	acquired immune deficiency syndrome; adaptive behavior; Africa south of the Sahara; child; emotion; epidemiology; evaluation study; female; follow up; human; male; mass screening; Mental Disorders; mental stress; orphaned child; poverty; psychology; psychometry; questionnaire; self report; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adaptation, Psychological; Africa South of the Sahara; Child; Child, Orphaned; Emotions; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Mass Screening; Mental Disorders; Poverty; Psychometrics; Questionnaires; Self Report; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Stress, Psychological	078757, NIMH, National Institute of Mental Health
WoS	WOS:000272445000005	The Developmental Impact of Asian Drivers on Kenya with Emphasis on Textiles and Clothing Manufacturing	Kamau, Paul,McCormick, Dorothy,Pinaud, Nicolas	2009	WORLD ECONOMY	32	11	10.1111/j.1467-9701.2009.01251.x	University of Nairobi, OECD Dev Ctr	"Kamau, Paul: University of Nairobi","McCormick, Dorothy: University of Nairobi",	(1251) Paul Kamau with Dorothy McCormick and Nicolas Pinaud Kenya has enjoyed a relatively diversified economy (at least by SSA standards), with light manufacturing industries in particular playing a significant growing role. The rise of Asian competition (locally, regionally and on third-country markets), partly due to the erosion of trade preferences for clothing and footwear, has raised fresh policy challenges. The specific relevance of the clothing industry in the analysis of China's and India's impact on Africa is manifold: this is a low-skilled labour-intensive industry, and hence an avenue for African economies' diversification; the competition from Asian producers vis--vis the SSA clothing industry is felt at the local, regional and global level (on third-country markets): it is therefore direct and indirect; also, the Asian Drivers' impact on African clothing industries has both a trade and investment dimension while being competitive and complementary.	,AFRICA,CHINA	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880251834	China's 'win-win' cooperation: Unpacking the impact of infrastructure for-resources deals in Africa	Alves A.C.	2013	South African Journal of International Affairs	20	2	10.1080/10220461.2013.811337	South African Institute of International Affairs, Braamfontein, South Africa	Alves, A.C., South African Institute of International Affairs, Braamfontein, South Africa	This paper discusses China's use of infrastructure-for-resources loans in Africa as a win-win economic cooperation tool. This formula, offering generous loans for infrastructure in exchange for resource access, came into being largely as a default cooperation tool, inspired by China's own domestic experience, its competitive advantages and Africa's receptivity to this kind of barter deal. Embodying the principle of mutual benefit, China has consistently combined the extension of financial assistance for infrastructure construction in Africa with the expansion of Chinese business interests and the pursuit of resource security goals. The analysis focuses on whether this instrument is actually promoting African development or fuelling instead China's economic growth at the expense of African economies. The author argues that the impact has been mixed. Although there are some meaningful positive signs, many challenges persist, and as such the long-term developmental impact of this particular tool remains uncertain. The responsibility to ensure a positive outcome rests, however, on the African side as much as on China. © 2013 The South African Institute of International Affairs.	Africa; China; Developmental impact; Infrastructure-for-resources loans	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880045913	The rivers of Africa: Witness of climate change and human impact on the environment	Mahe G., Lienou G., Descroix L., Bamba F., Paturel J.E., Laraque A., Meddi M., Habaieb H., Adeaga O., Dieulin C., Chahnez Kotti F., Khomsi K.	2013	Hydrological Processes	27	15	10.1002/hyp.9813	HydroSciences Montpellier, IRD, Université Mohamed V-Agdal, Rabat, Morocco; Université de Yaoundé I, Cameroon; LTHE/IRD, Grenoble, France; Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs, Bamako, Mali; IRD, HSM et 2IE, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Géosciences Environnement To	Mahe, G., HydroSciences Montpellier, IRD, Université Mohamed V-Agdal, Rabat, Morocco; Lienou, G., Université de Yaoundé I, Cameroon; Descroix, L., LTHE/IRD, Grenoble, France; Bamba, F., Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs, Bamako, Mali; Paturel, J.E., IRD, HSM et 2IE, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Laraque, A., Géosciences Environnement Toulouse, Observatoire Midi Pyrénées Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, Toulouse, France; Meddi, M., Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Hydraulique, Blida, Algeria; Habaieb, H., Institut National Agronomique de Tunis, Tunisia; Adeaga, O., Department of Geography, University of Lagos, Nigeria; Dieulin, C., HydroSciences Montpellier, IRD, Université Mohamed V-Agdal, Rabat, Morocco; Chahnez Kotti, F., Institut National Agronomique de Tunis, Tunisia; Khomsi, K., Direction de la Météorologie Nationale, Casablanca, Morocco	In this paper, we study the impact of climate change on river regimes in several parts of Africa, and we look at the most probable causes of these changes either climatically or anthropogenically driven. We study time series of updated monthly and annual runoff of rivers of North Africa, West Africa (Sahelian and humid tropical regions) and Central Africa, including the largest river basins: Niger and Volta rivers in West Africa, and Congo and Ogooue rivers in Central Africa. The recent years are studied in the perspective of multi-decadal variability. In West Africa and in a part of Central Africa, the climate has changed since 1970, and rainfall has not returned to previous annual amounts, except in Equatorial Africa. The consequences of the long-lasting drought are, depending on the area concerned, the modification of seasonal regimes (Equatorial area), the groundwater table decrease (Tropical humid area) and the land cover degradation (Sahelian area). The increasing number of dams and of agricultural areas also plays a major role on the modification of river regimes. The population increase will continue to impact on the environment: land cover change, deforestation, agriculture and increasing number of dams will be associated with a reduction of water and sediment discharges to the sea, and major impacts on downstream ecosystems and coastal areas. It seems necessary to share with stakeholders a comprehensive approach of the water cycle from the basin to the sea, to prevent long-lasting damages to ecosystems and infrastructures. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Africa; Climate change; Dams; Land cover; River regime; Rivers	Africa; Agricultural areas; Ground water table; Impact on the environment; Land cover; Land-cover change; River regimes; Sediment discharge; Agriculture; Dams; Deforestation; Ecosystems; Groundwater; Rivers; Sediments; Climate change; anthropogenic effect; climate change; climate effect; hydrological cycle; hydrological regime; land cover; river flow; runoff; stakeholder; water table; Central Africa; North Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-75149196702	Recent glacial recession and its impact on alpine riverflow in the Rwenzori Mountains of Uganda	Taylor R.G., Mileham L., Tindimugaya C., Mwebembezi L.	2009	Journal of African Earth Sciences	55	04-Mar	10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2009.04.008	Department of Geography, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; Water Resources Management, Ministry of Water and Environment, P.O. Box 19, Entebbe, Uganda	Taylor, R.G., Department of Geography, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; Mileham, L., Department of Geography, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; Tindimugaya, C., Water Resources Management, Ministry of Water and Environment, P.O. Box 19, Entebbe, Uganda; Mwebembezi, L., Water Resources Management, Ministry of Water and Environment, P.O. Box 19, Entebbe, Uganda	The limited number and duration of hydrological measurements in the East African Highlands inhibit current understanding of the impact of glacial recession on alpine riverflow. From historical records and surveys conducted in the dry season of 2005 and wet season of 2007, we report (1) recent changes in the terminal positions of large valley glaciers (Speke, Elena) and (2) spot measurements of alpine riverflow along altitudinal transects of the principal river (River Mubuku) draining alpine icefields in order to assess the relative contribution of icefields and underlying ecotones to river discharge. Observed acceleration in the rates of termini retreat of the Speke and Elena glaciers since the late 1960s is attributed, in part, to the convex-concave slope profile in which these valley glaciers reside. We show that current glacial recession has a negligible impact on alpine riverflow. Spot measurements of meltwater discharges indicate that icefields contribute considerably less than 2% of the river discharge at the base of the Rwenzori Mountains during both dry and wet seasons. An anomalously high specific discharge of the River Mubuku (1730 mm a -1) arises from high rates of precipitation exceeding 2000 mm a -1 below alpine icefields within Heath-moss and Montane forest ecotones that occupy more than half of the river's gauged catchment area. For other tropical alpine icefields representing a tiny fraction (&lt;1%) of alpine river catchment areas (e.g. Irian Jaya, Kilimanjaro, Mount Kenya), glacial meltwater discharges are similarly expected to contribute a negligible proportion of alpine riverflow. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Africa; Climate change; Glacier; Riverflow; Tropics	climate change; ecotone; glacial hydrology; glacier retreat; ice field; meltwater; river discharge; river flow; seasonal variation; valley glacier; Rwenzori Mountains; Uganda; Bryophyta	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33750431074	Potential impacts of climate change on Sub-Saharan African plant priority area selection	McClean C.J., Doswald N., Küper W., Sommer J.H., Barnard P., Lovett J.C.	2006	Diversity and Distributions	12	6	10.1111/j.1472-4642.2006.00290.x	Centre for Ecology, Law and Policy, Environment Department, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom; School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom; Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, Meckenheimer Allee 170, 53115 Bonn, Germany; Global Change Research Group, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Private Bag X7, Claremont 7735, Cape Town, South Africa	McClean, C.J., Centre for Ecology, Law and Policy, Environment Department, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom; Doswald, N., School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom; Küper, W., Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, Meckenheimer Allee 170, 53115 Bonn, Germany; Sommer, J.H., Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, Meckenheimer Allee 170, 53115 Bonn, Germany; Barnard, P., Global Change Research Group, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Private Bag X7, Claremont 7735, Cape Town, South Africa; Lovett, J.C., Centre for Ecology, Law and Policy, Environment Department, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom	The Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC) aims to protect 50% of the most important areas for plant diversity by 2010. This study selects sets of 1-degree grid cells for 37 sub-Saharan African countries on the basis of a large database of plant species distributions. We use two reserve selection algorithms that attempt to satisfy two of the criteria set by the GSPC. The grid cells selected as important plant cells (IPCs) are compared between algorithms and in terms of country and continental rankings between cells. The conservation value of the selected grid cells are then considered in relation to their future species complement given the predicted climate change in three future periods (2025, 2055, and 2085). This analysis uses predicted climate suitability for individual species from a previous modelling exercise. We find that a country-by-country conservation approach is suitable for capturing most, but not all, continentally IPCs. The complementarity-based reserve selection algorithms suggest conservation of a similar set of grid cells, suggesting that areas of high plant diversity and rarity may be well protected by a single pattern of conservation activity. Although climatic conditions are predicted to deteriorate for many species under predicted climate change, the cells selected by the algorithms are less affected by climate change predictions than non-selected cells. For the plant species that maintain areas of climatic suitability in the future, the selected set will include cells with climate that is highly suitable for the species in the future. The selected cells are also predicted to conserve a large proportion of the species richness remaining across the continent under climate change, despite the network of cells being less optimal in terms of future predicted distributions. Limitations to the modelling are discussed in relation to the policy implications for those implementing the GSPC. © 2006 The Authors.	Africa; Climate change; Global Strategy for Plant Conservation; Important plant areas; Persistence; Reserve selection algorithms	algorithm; biodiversity; climate change; climate effect; database; nature conservation; nature reserve; persistence; plant; spatial distribution; Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349538816	The impact of climate change on groundwater recharge and runoff in a humid, equatorial catchment: Sensitivity of projections to rainfall intensity	Mileham L., Taylor R.G., Todd M., Tindimugaya C., Thompson J.	2009	Hydrological Sciences Journal	54	4	10.1623/hysj.54.4.727	Department of Geography, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; Directorate of Water Resources Management, Ministry of Water and Environment, PO Box 19, Entebbe, Uganda	Mileham, L., Department of Geography, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; Taylor, R.G., Department of Geography, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; Todd, M., Department of Geography, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; Tindimugaya, C., Directorate of Water Resources Management, Ministry of Water and Environment, PO Box 19, Entebbe, Uganda; Thompson, J., Department of Geography, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom	Projected warming in equatorial Africa, accompanied by greater evaporation and more frequent heavy precipitation events, may have substantial but uncertain impacts on terrestrial hydrology. Quantitative analyses of climate change impacts on catchment hydrology require high-resolution (&lt;50 km) climate data provided by regional climate models (RCMs). We apply validated precipitation and temperature data from the RCM PRECIS (Providing Regional Climates for Impact Studies) to a semi-distributed soil moisture balance model (SMBM) in order to quantify the impacts of climate change on groundwater recharge and runoff in a medium-sized catchment (2098 km2) in the humid tropics of southwestern Uganda. The SMBM explicitly accounts for changes in soil moisture, and partitions effective precipitation into groundwater recharge and runoff. Under the A2 emissions scenario (2070-2100), climate projections from PRECIS feature not only rises in catchment precipitation and modelled potential evapotranspiration by 14% and 53%, respectively, but also increases in rainfall intensity. We show that the common application of the historical rainfall distribution using delta factors to the SMBM grossly underestimates groundwater recharge (i.e. 55% decrease relative to the baseline period of 1961-1990). By transforming the rainfall distribution to account for changes in rainfall intensity, we project increases in recharge and runoff of 53% and 137%, respectively, relative to the baseline period. Copyright © 2009 IAHS Press.	Africa; Climate change; Groundwater; Precipitation; Recharge; Runoff; Uganda	Africa; Catchment hydrology; Climate change impact; Climate data; Climate projection; Emissions scenarios; Equatorial Africa; Ground water recharge; Heavy precipitation; High resolution; Humid tropics; Impact study; Potential evapotranspiration; Precipitation; Quantitative analysis; Rainfall distribution; Rainfall intensity; Recharge; Regional climate; Regional climate models; Temperature data; Uganda; Catchments; Geologic models; Hydrogeology; Moisture determination; Permittivity; Rain; Recharging (underground waters); Runoff; Soil moisture; Uncertainty analysis; Water supply; Climate change; catchment; climate change; climate modeling; groundwater flow; precipitation intensity; rainfall; recharge; runoff; sensitivity analysis; Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84866730274	Performance of the integrated management of childhood illness algorithm for diagnosis of HIV-1 infection among African infants	Diener L.C., Slyker J.A., Gichuhi C., Tapia K.A., Richardson B.A., Wamalwa D., Farquhar C., Overbaugh J., Maleche-Obimbo E., John-Stewart G.	2012	AIDS	26	15	10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283578bb8	Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Thematic Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, United States; Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States	Diener, L.C., Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Slyker, J.A., Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Gichuhi, C., Thematic Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Tapia, K.A., Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Richardson, B.A., Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Wamalwa, D., Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Farquhar, C., Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, United States; Overbaugh, J., Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States; Maleche-Obimbo, E., Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; John-Stewart, G., Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States	OBJECTIVES: Early infant HIV-1 diagnosis and treatment substantially improve survival. Where virologic HIV-1 testing is unavailable, integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI) clinical algorithms may be used for infant HIV-1 screening. We evaluated the performance of the 2008 WHO IMCI HIV algorithm in a cohort of HIV-exposed Kenyan infants. METHODS: From 1999 to 2003, 444 infants had monthly clinical assessments and quarterly virologic HIV-1 testing. Using archived clinical data, IMCI sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated using virologic testing as a gold standard. Linear regression and survival analyses were used to determine the effect of age on IMCI performance and timing of diagnosis. RESULTS: Overall IMCI sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV value were 58, 87, 52, and 90%, respectively. Sensitivity (1.4%) and PPV (14%) were lowest at 1 month of age, when 81% of HIV infections already had occurred. Sensitivity increased with age (P<0.0001), but remained low throughout infancy (range 1.4-35%). Specificity (range 97-100%) was high at each time point and was not associated with age. Fifty-eight percent of HIV-1-infected infants (50 of 86) were eventually diagnosed by IMCI, and use of IMCI was estimated to delay diagnosis in HIV-infected infants by a median of 5.9 months (P<0.0001). CONCLUSION: IMCI had low sensitivity during the first month of life, when the majority of HIV-1 infections had already occurred and initiation of treatment is most critical. Although sensitivity increased with age, the substantial delay in HIV-1 diagnosis using IMCI limits its utility in early infant HIV-1 diagnosis. © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.	Africa; clinical algorithm; HIV; infant; integrated management of childhood illness; pediatric	Africa; algorithm; article; female; gold standard; human; Human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection; infant; infant disease; major clinical study; performance; prediction; priority journal; sensitivity and specificity; virus diagnosis; Algorithms; Anti-HIV Agents; Breast Feeding; Candidiasis, Oral; Child Health Services; Delivery of Health Care, Integrated; Female; Guidelines as Topic; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; Kenya; Lymphatic Diseases; Male; Mass Screening; Pneumonia; Pregnancy; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Sensitivity and Specificity; World Health Organization	None
WoS	WOS:000268259800012	Impact of Prior HAART Use on Clinical Outcomes in a Large Kenyan HIV Treatment Program	Chung, Michael H.,Drake, Alison L.,John-Stewart, Grace C.,Kiarie, James N.,Reddy, Ashok,Richardson, Barbra A.,Sakr, Samah R.,Thiga, Joan,Yowakim, Paul	2009	CURRENT HIV RESEARCH	7	4	None	Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Nairobi, University of Washington, University of Washington Seattle, Copt Hosp	"Chung, Michael H.: University of Washington","Chung, Michael H.: University of Washington Seattle","Drake, Alison L.: University of Washington","Drake, Alison L.: University of Washington Seattle","John-Stewart, Grace C.: University of Washington","John-Stewart, Grace C.: University of Washington Seattle","Kiarie, James N.: University of Nairobi",	Background: HIV treatment programs in Africa typically approach all enrolling patients uniformly. Growing numbers of patients are antiretroviral experienced. Defining patients on the basis of antiretroviral experience may inform enrollment practices, particularly if medical outcomes differ. Methods: Baseline and follow-up measures (CD4, weight change, and survival) were compared in a retrospective analysis between antiretroviral-naive (ARV-N) and antiretroviral experience (ARV-E) patients enrolled at the Coptic Hope Center for Infectious Diseases in Nairobi, Kenya and followed between January 2004 and August 2006. Results: 1,307 ARV-N and 962 ARV-E patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) were followed for median of 9 months (interquartile range: 4-16 months). Compared to ARV-N, ARV-E had substantially higher CD4 count (median cells/mm(3), 193 versus 95, P &lt; 0.001) and weight (median kg, 62 versus 57, P &lt; 0.001) at baseline, and lower rates of change in CD4 (-9.2 cells/mm(3)/month; 95% CI, -11.4--7.0) and weight (-0.24 kg/month; 95% CI, -0.35--0.14) over 12 months. Mortality was significantly higher in ARV-N than ARV-E (P = 0.001). Conclusions: ARV-E patients form a growing group that differs significantly from ARV-N patients and requires a distinct approach from ARV-N clients. Systematic approaches to streamline care of ARV-E patients may allow focused attention on early ARV-N clients whose mortality risks are substantially higher.	Africa,"clinic flow",experience,HAART,HIV-1,MORTALITY,"1ST YEAR","ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY",COHORT,COUNTRIES,"EARLY MORTALITY","RESOURCE-LIMITED SETTINGS",SCALE-UP,SERVICE,SOUTH-AFRICA,"SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA"	None	None
WoS	WOS:000264890300033	The intergenerational impact of the African orphans crisis: a cohort study from an HIV/AIDS affected area	Beegle, Kathleen,Dercon, Stefan,De Weerdt, Joachim	2009	INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY	38	2	10.1093/ije/dyn197	University of Oxford, EDI	"Dercon, Stefan: University of Oxford",	Background In sub-Saharan Africa, the prevalence of orphanhood among children has been greatly exacerbated by the HIV/AIDS pandemic. If orphanhood harms a childs development and these effects perpetuate into adult life, then the African orphan crisis could seriously jeopardize the continents future generations. Whether or not there exists an adverse, causal and intergenerational effect of HIV/AIDS on development is of crucial importance for setting medical priorities. This study is the first to empirically investigate the impact of orphanhood on health and schooling using long-term longitudinal data following children into adulthood. Methods We examined a cohort of 718 children interviewed in the early 1990s and again in 2004. Detailed survey questionnaires and anthropometric measurements were administered at baseline and during a follow-up survey. Final attained height and education (at adulthood) between children who lost a parent before the age of 15 and those who did not were compared. Results On average, children who lose their mother before the age of 15 suffer a deficit of around 2 cm in final attained height (mean 1.96; 95 CI 0.063.77) and 1 year of final attained schooling (mean 1.01; 95 CI 0.391.81). This effect is permanent and the hypothesis that it is causal cannot be rejected by our study. Although fathers death is a predictor of lower height and schooling as well, we reject the hypothesis of a causal link. Conclusions The African orphan crisis, exacerbated by the HIV/AIDS epidemic will have important negative intergenerational effects.	Africa,"COHORT STUDIES","HUMAN CAPITAL",MORTALITY,ORPHANS,AIDS,GROWTH,"HIV-1 INFECTION","KAGERA REGION",POVERTY,PREVALENCE,TANZANIA	None	None
WoS	WOS:000343734600001	Learning from developing countries in strengthening health systems: an evaluation of personal and professional impact among global health volunteers at Addis Ababa University's Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (Ethiopia)	Aboneh, Ephrem A.,Busse, Heidi,Tefera, Girma	2014	GLOBALIZATION AND HEALTH	10	None	10.1186/s12992-014-0064-x	Addis Ababa University, University of Wisconsin Madison, University of Wisconsin System	"Aboneh, Ephrem A.: Addis Ababa University","Busse, Heidi: University of Wisconsin Madison","Busse, Heidi: University of Wisconsin System","Tefera, Girma: University of Wisconsin Madison","Tefera, Girma: University of Wisconsin System"	Background: The positive impact of global health activities by volunteers from the United States in low-and middle-income countries has been recognized. Most existing global health partnerships evaluate what knowledge, ideas, and activities the US institution transferred to the low-or middle-income country. However, what this fails to capture are what kinds of change happen to US-based partners due to engagement in global health partnerships, both at the individual and institutional levels. "Reverse innovation" is the term that is used in global health literature to describe this type of impact. The objectives of this study were to identify what kinds of impact global partnerships have on health volunteers from developed countries, advance this emerging body of knowledge, and improve understanding of methods and indicators for assessing reverse innovation. Methods: The study population consisted of 80 US, Canada, and South Africa-based health care professionals who volunteered at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital in Ethiopia. Surveys were web-based and included multiple choice and open-ended questions to assess global health competencies. The data were analyzed using IBRM SPSS (R) version 21 for quantitative analysis; the open-ended responses were coded using constant comparative analysis to identify themes. Results: Of the 80 volunteers, 63 responded (79 percent response rate). Fifty-two percent of the respondents were male, and over 60 percent were 40 years of age and older. Eighty-three percent reported they accomplished their trip objectives, 95 percent would participate in future activities and 96 percent would recommend participation to other colleagues. Eighty-nine percent reported personal impact and 73 percent reported change on their professional development. Previous global health experience, multiple prior trips, and the desire for career advancement were associated with positive impact on professional development. Conclusion: Professionally and personally meaningful learning happens often during global health outreach. Understanding this impact has important policy, economic, and programmatic implications. With the aid of improved monitoring and evaluation frameworks, the simple act of attempting to measure "reverse innovation" may represent a shift in how global health partnerships are perceived, drawing attention to the two-way learning and benefits that occur and improving effectiveness in global health partnership spending.	Africa,COLLABORATION,"global health","Health systems partnership","reverse innovation","Twinning partnership",PARTNERSHIPS	None	None
WoS	WOS:000317880300013	Utilizing community health worker data for program management and evaluation: Systems for data quality assessments and baseline results from Rwanda	Basinga, Paulin,Drobac, Peter,Farmer, Didi Bertrand,Hedt-Gauthier, Bethany,Hirschhorn, Lisa,Karamaga, Adolphe,Mitsunaga, Tisha,Mugeni, Cathy,Ngabo, Fidele,Ngizwenayo, Elias	2013	SOCIAL SCIENCE &amp; MEDICINE	85	None	10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.02.033	Harvard University, University of Rwanda, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Minist Hlth, PIH, Rwinkwavu Dist Hosp	"Basinga, Paulin: University of Rwanda","Hedt-Gauthier, Bethany: Harvard University",	Community health workers (CHWs) have and continue to play a pivotal role in health services delivery in many resource-constrained environments. The data routinely generated through these programs are increasingly relied upon for providing information for program management, evaluation and quality assurance. However, there are few published results on the quality of CHW-generated data, and what information exists suggests quality is low. An ongoing challenge is the lack of routine systems for CHW data quality assessments (DQAs). In this paper, we describe a system developed for CHW DQAs and results of the first formal assessment in southern Kayonza, Rwanda, May-June 2011. We discuss considerations for other programs interested in adopting such systems. While the results identified gaps in the current data quality, the assessment also identified opportunities for strengthening the data to ensure suitable levels of quality for use in management and evaluation. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Africa,"community case management","community health worker","DATA QUALITY","Lot Quality Assurance Sampling",LQAS,RWANDA,CHALLENGES,COUNTRIES,INFORMATION-SYSTEM,MALAWI,POLICY	None	None
None	None	Mixed method approaches to evaluate conservation impact: Evidence from decentralized forest management in Tanzania	Lund J.F., Burgess N.D., Chamshama S.A.O., Dons K., Isango J.A., Kajembe G.C., Meilby H., Moyo F., Ngaga Y.M., Ngowi S.E., Njana M.A., Mwakalukwa E.E., Skeie K., Theilade I., Treue T.	2015	Environmental Conservation	42	2	10.1017/S0376892914000241	Department of Food and Resource Economics, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; UNEP-WCMC, 219 Huntington Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Faculty of Forestry and Nature Conservation, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania; Tanzania Forest Research Institute, Tanzania; Nelson Mandela African Institute of Science and Technology, Tanzania	Lund, J.F., Department of Food and Resource Economics, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Burgess, N.D., UNEP-WCMC, 219 Huntington Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Chamshama, S.A.O., Faculty of Forestry and Nature Conservation, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania; Dons, K., Department of Food and Resource Economics, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Isango, J.A., Tanzania Forest Research Institute, Tanzania; Kajembe, G.C., Faculty of Forestry and Nature Conservation, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania; Meilby, H., Department of Food and Resource Economics, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Moyo, F., Nelson Mandela African Institute of Science and Technology, Tanzania; Ngaga, Y.M., Faculty of Forestry and Nature Conservation, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania; Ngowi, S.E., Faculty of Forestry and Nature Conservation, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania; Njana, M.A., Faculty of Forestry and Nature Conservation, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania; Mwakalukwa, E.E., Department of Food and Resource Economics, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, Faculty of Forestry and Nature Conservation, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania; Skeie, K., Department of Food and Resource Economics, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Theilade, I., Department of Food and Resource Economics, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Treue, T., Department of Food and Resource Economics, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark	Nearly 10% of the world's total forest area is formally owned by communities and indigenous groups, yet knowledge of the effects of decentralized forest management approaches on conservation (and livelihood) impacts remains elusive. In this paper, the conservation impact of decentralized forest management on two forests in Tanzania was evaluated using a mixed method approach. Current forest condition, forest increment and forest use patterns were assessed through forest inventories, and changes in forest disturbance levels before and after the implementation of decentralized forest management were assessed on the basis of analyses of Landsat images. This biophysical evidence was then linked to changes in actual management practices, assessed through records, interviews and participatory observations, to provide a measure of the conservation impact of the policy change. Both forests in the study were found to be in good condition, and extraction was lower than overall forest increment. Divergent changes in forest disturbance levels were in evidence following the implementation of decentralized forest management. The evidence from records, interviews and participatory observations indicated that decentralized management had led to increased control of forest use and the observed divergence in forest disturbance levels appeared to be linked to differences in the way that village-level forest managers prioritized conservation objectives and forest-based livelihood strategies. The study illustrates that a mixed methods approach comprises a valid and promising way to evaluate impacts of conservation policies, even in the absence of control sites. By carefully linking policy outcomes to policy outputs, such an approach not only identifies whether such policies work as intended, but also potential mechanisms. © 2014 Foundation for Environmental Conservation.	Africa; community; conservation impact; decentralized forest management; impact evaluation; inventory; policy	Conservation; Pollution; Public policy; Africa; community; Decentralized management; Impact evaluation; inventory; Livelihood strategies; Management practices; Participatory observations; Forestry; Evaluation; Forest Management; Impact; Inventory Control	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84908670736	Strengthening patient-centred communication in rural Ugandan health centres: A theory-driven evaluation within a cluster randomized trial	Nayiga S., DiLiberto D., Taaka L., Nabirye C., Haaland A., Staedke S.G., Chandler C.I.R.	2014	Evaluation	20	4	10.1177/1356389014551484	Infectious Disease Research Collaboration, Uganda; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom; University of Oslo, Norway	Nayiga, S., Infectious Disease Research Collaboration, Uganda; DiLiberto, D., London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom; Taaka, L., Infectious Disease Research Collaboration, Uganda; Nabirye, C., Infectious Disease Research Collaboration, Uganda; Haaland, A., University of Oslo, Norway; Staedke, S.G., London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom; Chandler, C.I.R., London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom	This article describes a theory-driven evaluation of one component of an intervention to improve the quality of health care at Ugandan public health centres. Patient-centred services have been advocated widely, but such approaches have received little attention in Africa. A cluster randomized trial is evaluating population-level outcomes of an intervention with multiple components, including ‘patient-centred services.’ A process evaluation was designed within this trial to articulate and evaluate the implementation and programme theories of the intervention. This article evaluates one hypothesized mechanism of change within the programme theory: the impact of the Patient Centred Services component on health-worker communication. The theory-driven approach extended to evaluation of the outcome measures. The study found that the proximal outcome of patient-centred communication was rated 10 percent higher (p < 0.008) by care seekers consulting with the health workers who were at the intervention health centres compared with those at control health centres. This finding will strengthen interpretation of more distal trial outcomes. © The Author(s) 2014.	Africa; complex intervention; patient centred communication; quality of health care; theory-driven evaluation	None	Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-5744226295	Urban consumer preferences and sensory evaluation of locally produced and imported rice in West Africa	Tomlins K.I., Manful J.T., Larwer P., Hammond L.	2005	Food Quality and Preference	16	1	10.1016/j.foodqual.2004.02.002	Natural Resources Institute, The Univ. of Greenwich at Medway, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom; Food Research Institute, P.O. Box M20, Accra, Ghana	Tomlins, K.I., Natural Resources Institute, The Univ. of Greenwich at Medway, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom; Manful, J.T., Food Research Institute, P.O. Box M20, Accra, Ghana; Larwer, P., Food Research Institute, P.O. Box M20, Accra, Ghana; Hammond, L., Natural Resources Institute, The Univ. of Greenwich at Medway, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom	Parboiled rice produced in Ghana is of poor quality and is being overtaken by imported rice. This study sought to investigate consumer preference and relate sensory attributes with consumer acceptability of rice. The majority of consumers preferred imported raw and parboiled rice to that produced locally. Acceptability was influenced by location and gender. Individual preferences of consumers varied and four different segments of consumers with similar liking of the rice samples were identified. The largest three segments (86% of consumers) preferred the imported rice but differed in their preferences for the local rice. A niche segment (14%) mostly preferred traditional local rice. Regression models to predict consumer preference from the sensory panel scores were based on either brown colour of the cooked rice or unshelled paddy in the uncooked form. The models were suitable for three of the consumer segments representing 86% of the consumers. This suggests that while a sensory panel could be used to rapidly monitor consumer acceptability in product development, it was not valid for all consumers. The implications of these findings are discussed. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Africa; Consumer acceptability; Ghana; Rice; Sensory evaluation	adult; Africa; aged; article; color; controlled study; female; food intake; food processing; food quality; gender; geography; human; male; monitoring; prediction; regression analysis; rice; scoring system; sensory analysis; statistical model; taste preference; urban area	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84876871899	Re-evaluation of the kinematics of victoria block using continuous GNSS data	Fernandes R.M.S., Miranda J.M., Delvaux D., Stamps D.S., Saria E.	2013	Geophysical Journal International	193	1	10.1093/gji/ggs071	University of Beira Interior, IDL, R. Marques d'Avila e Bolama, Covilha, Portugal; Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, TU Delft, Kluyverweg, 1, Delft, Netherlands; Instituto Portugues do Mar e Atmosfera IDL, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; Royal Museum for Central Africa, B3080 Tervuren, Belgium; School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States	Fernandes, R.M.S., University of Beira Interior, IDL, R. Marques d'Avila e Bolama, Covilha, Portugal, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, TU Delft, Kluyverweg, 1, Delft, Netherlands; Miranda, J.M., Instituto Portugues do Mar e Atmosfera IDL, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; Delvaux, D., Royal Museum for Central Africa, B3080 Tervuren, Belgium, School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Stamps, D.S., Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States; Saria, E., Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States	The divergent boundary between the Somalia and Nubia plates is a complex tectonic domain where extensional processes are localized along narrow rift structures, isolating small blocks imbedded within the East African Rift. One of these tectonic units is the Victoria Block, which is the subject of this study. Here we process space-geodetic data for 37 permanent GNSS stations distributed along Nubia, Somalia and Victoria to (1) compute the motion of the three tectonic units in the ITRF2008 reference frame and (2) deduce the relative motion of Victoria with respect to its neighbouring plates. The Nubia Plate motion is computed from a set of 25 stations, the Somalia Plate motion from a set of 7 stations and the Victoria motion from a set of 5 stations. Although the number and distribution of the used stations is still not optimal, the good adjustment between observed and predicted motions confirms that Victoria acts as a rigid tectonic block. The instantaneous relative Euler poles for the Nubia-Victoria and Somalia-Victoria pairs are now evaluated as 10.66oN, 32.98Eo, 0.120o Myr-1 and 8.02oS, 32.29oE, 0.159o Myr-1, respectively. The computation of the relative interplate velocities along Victoria's boundary is straightforward in most situations because the western and northeastern boundary segments correspond towell-developed rift basins,where extension ismostly normal to rift basin flanks and seismicity concentrates along narrow structures. This is particularly evident on the Western Branch between Victoria and Nubia. The southeastern limit of the Victoria Block is poorly defined, and geodetic data indicate that differential motion between Somalia and Victoria may be accommodated by a complex boundary area, which roughly encompasses the Masai Terrain. Geodetic observations of the Victoria-Somalia boundary along the Eastern Branch, particularly in the Manyara Rift, reveal highly oblique horizontal extension. In this region seismicity is sparse which suggests that strain is accommodated by magmatic processes. © The Authors 2013. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Royal Astronomical Society.	Africa; Continental neotectonics; Plate motions; Satellite geodesy	Africa; Boundary segments; Continental neotectonics; East African Rift; Geodetic observation; Magmatic process; Plate motions; Satellite geodesy; Geodetic satellites; Tectonics; Plates (structural components); continental crust; extensional tectonics; geodesy; GNSS; kinematics; neotectonics; plate motion; satellite data; seismicity; East African Rift; Manyara; Nubia; Somalia; Tanzania	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84894359286	Evaluation of the CORDEX-Africa multi-RCM hindcast: Systematic model errors	Kim J., Waliser D.E., Mattmann C.A., Goodale C.E., Hart A.F., Zimdars P.A., Crichton D.J., Jones C., Nikulin G., Hewitson B., Jack C., Lennard C., Favre A.	2014	Climate Dynamics	42	42496	10.1007/s00382-013-1751-7	JIFRESSE, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; Sveriges Meteorologiska och Hydrologiska Institut, Norrköping, Sweden; University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Centre de Recherches de Climatologie, UMR 6282, Biogéosciences CNRS, Universitée de Bourgogne, Dijon, France	Kim, J., JIFRESSE, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Waliser, D.E., JIFRESSE, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; Mattmann, C.A., JIFRESSE, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; Goodale, C.E., Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; Hart, A.F., Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; Zimdars, P.A., Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; Crichton, D.J., Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; Jones, C., Sveriges Meteorologiska och Hydrologiska Institut, Norrköping, Sweden; Nikulin, G., Sveriges Meteorologiska och Hydrologiska Institut, Norrköping, Sweden; Hewitson, B., University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Jack, C., University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Lennard, C., University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Favre, A., University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Centre de Recherches de Climatologie, UMR 6282, Biogéosciences CNRS, Universitée de Bourgogne, Dijon, France	Monthly-mean precipitation, mean (TAVG), maximum (TMAX) and minimum (TMIN) surface air temperatures, and cloudiness from the CORDEX-Africa regional climate model (RCM) hindcast experiment are evaluated for model skill and systematic biases. All RCMs simulate basic climatological features of these variables reasonably, but systematic biases also occur across these models. All RCMs show higher fidelity in simulating precipitation for the west part of Africa than for the east part, and for the tropics than for northern Sahara. Interannual variation in the wet season rainfall is better simulated for the western Sahel than for the Ethiopian Highlands. RCM skill is higher for TAVG and TMAX than for TMIN, and regionally, for the subtropics than for the tropics. RCM skill in simulating cloudiness is generally lower than for precipitation or temperatures. For all variables, multi-model ensemble (ENS) generally outperforms individual models included in ENS. An overarching conclusion in this study is that some model biases vary systematically for regions, variables, and metrics, posing difficulties in defining a single representative index to measure model fidelity, especially for constructing ENS. This is an important concern in climate change impact assessment studies because most assessment models are run for specific regions/sectors with forcing data derived from model outputs. Thus, model evaluation and ENS construction must be performed separately for regions, variables, and metrics as required by specific analysis and/or assessments. Evaluations using multiple reference datasets reveal that cross-examination, quality control, and uncertainty estimates of reference data are crucial in model evaluations. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Africa; CORDEX; Impact assessments; IPCC; RCM evaluation; Regional climate; Systematic model biases	None	NASA, National Aeronautics and Space Administration; 1125798, NSF, National Science Foundation; 2011-67004-30224, NSF, National Science Foundation
WoS	WOS:000307437900011	Prioritizing Child Health Interventions in Ethiopia: Modeling Impact on Child Mortality, Life Expectancy and Inequality in Age at Death	Eide, Kristiane Tislevoll,Johansson, Kjell Arne,Miljeteig, Ingrid,Norheim, Ole Frithjof,Onarheim, Kristine Husoy,Tessema, Solomon	2012	PLOS ONE	7	8	10.1371/journal.pone.0041521	University of Bergen, Int Ctr AIDS Care & Treatment Programs ICAP Ethio	None	Background: The fourth Millennium Development Goal calls for a two-thirds reduction in under-5 mortality between 1990 and 2015. Under-5 mortality rate is declining, but many countries are still far from achieving the goal. Effective child health interventions that could reduce child mortality exist, but national decision-makers lack contextual information for priority setting in their respective resource-constrained settings. We estimate the potential health impact of increasing coverage of 14 selected health interventions on child mortality in Ethiopia (2011-2015). We also explore the impact on life expectancy and inequality in the age of death (Gini(health)). Methods and Findings: We used the Lives Saved Tool to estimate potential impact of scaling-up 14 health interventions in Ethiopia (2011-2015). Interventions are scaled-up to 1) government target levels, 2) 90% coverage and 3) 90% coverage of the five interventions with the highest impact. Under-5 mortality rate, neonatal mortality rate and deaths averted are primary outcome measures. We used modified life tables to estimate impact on life expectancy at birth and inequality in the age of death (Gini(health)). Under-5 mortality rate declines from 101.0 in 2011 to 68.8, 42.1 and 56.7 per 1000 live births under these three scenarios. Prioritizing child health would also increase life expectancy at birth from expected 60.5 years in 2015 to 62.5, 64.2 and 63.4 years and reduce inequality in age of death (Gini(health)) substantially from 0.24 to 0.21, 0.18 and 0.19. Conclusions: The Millennium Development Goal for child health is reachable in Ethiopia. Prioritizing child health would also increase total life expectancy at birth and reduce inequality in age of death substantially (Gini(health)).	,AFRICA,"COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS",COUNTDOWN,DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES,"LIVES SAVED TOOL","MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS",NEWBORN,PUBLIC-HEALTH,SURVIVAL,"SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84920895474	Using provider performance incentives to increase HIV testing and counseling services in Rwanda	de Walque D., Gertler P.J., Bautista-Arredondo S., Kwan A., Vermeersch C., de Dieu Bizimana J., Binagwaho A., Condo J.	2015	Journal of Health Economics	40	None	10.1016/j.jhealeco.2014.12.001	Development Research Group, The World Bank, United States; Haas School of Business, University of California, Berkeley, United States; National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico; The World Bank, United States; Camris International, United States; Ministry of Health, Government of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda; Harvard Medical School, Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, United States; Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, United States; School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda	de Walque, D., Development Research Group, The World Bank, United States; Gertler, P.J., Haas School of Business, University of California, Berkeley, United States; Bautista-Arredondo, S., National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico; Kwan, A., National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico; Vermeersch, C., The World Bank, United States; de Dieu Bizimana, J., Camris International, United States; Binagwaho, A., Ministry of Health, Government of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda, Harvard Medical School, Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, United States, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, United States; Condo, J., School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda	Paying for performance provides financial rewards to medical care providers for improvements in performance measured by utilization and quality of care indicators. In 2006, Rwanda began a pay for performance scheme to improve health services delivery, including HIV/AIDS services. Using a prospective quasi-experimental design, this study examines the scheme's impact on individual and couples HIV testing. We find a positive impact of pay for performance on HIV testing among married individuals (10.2 percentage points increase). Paying for performance also increased testing by both partners by 14.7 percentage point among discordant couples in which only one of the partners is an AIDS patient. © 2014 Published by Elsevier B.V.	Africa; Couple testing; Health human resources; HIV testing and counseling; Performance-based financing	acquired immune deficiency syndrome; health services; human immunodeficiency virus; incentive; acquired immune deficiency syndrome; adolescent; adult; Article; controlled study; female; health care delivery; health care planning; health care quality; HIV test; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; male; marital therapy; pay for performance; personnel management; prospective study; quasi experimental study; Rwanda; total quality management; Rwanda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84875242783	The impact of routine cryptococcal antigen screening on survival among HIV-infected individuals with advanced immunosuppression in Kenya	Meyer A.-C.L., Kendi C.K., Penner J.A., Odhiambo N., Otieno B., Omondi E., Opiyo E., Bukusi E.A., Cohen C.R.	2013	Tropical Medicine and International Health	18	4	10.1111/tmi.12067	Family AIDS Care and Education Services, Research Care and Training Program, Centre for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States	Meyer, A.-C.L., Family AIDS Care and Education Services, Research Care and Training Program, Centre for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Kendi, C.K., Family AIDS Care and Education Services, Research Care and Training Program, Centre for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Penner, J.A., Family AIDS Care and Education Services, Research Care and Training Program, Centre for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya, Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Odhiambo, N., Family AIDS Care and Education Services, Research Care and Training Program, Centre for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Otieno, B., Family AIDS Care and Education Services, Research Care and Training Program, Centre for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Omondi, E., Family AIDS Care and Education Services, Research Care and Training Program, Centre for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Opiyo, E., Family AIDS Care and Education Services, Research Care and Training Program, Centre for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Bukusi, E.A., Family AIDS Care and Education Services, Research Care and Training Program, Centre for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Cohen, C.R., Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States	Objectives: To test the hypothesis that a screening and treatment intervention for early cryptococcal infection would improve survival among HIV-infected individuals with low CD4 cell counts. Methods: Newly enrolled patients at Family AIDS Care and Education Services (FACES) in Kenya with CD4 ≤ 100 cells/μl were tested for serum cryptococcal antigen (sCrAg). Individuals with sCrAg titre ≥ 1:2 were treated with high-dose fluconazole. Cox proportional hazard models of Kaplan-Meier curves were used to compare survival among individuals with CD4 ≤ 100 cells/μl in the intervention and historical control groups. Results: The median age was 34 years [IQR: 29,41], 54% were female, and median CD4 was 43 cells/μl [IQR: 18,71]. Follow-up time was 1224 person-years. In the intervention group, 66% (514/782) were tested for sCrAg; of whom, 11% (59/514) were sCrAg positive. Mortality was 25% (196/782) in the intervention group and 25% (191/771) in the control group. There was no significant difference between the intervention and control group in overall survival [hazard ratio (HR): 1.1 (95%CI:0.9,1.3)] or three-month survival [HR: 1.0 (95%CI:0.8,1.3)]. Within the intervention group, sCrAg-positive individuals had significantly lower survival rates than sCrAg-negative individuals [HR:1.8 (95%CI: 1.0, 3.0)]. Conclusions: A screening and treatment intervention to identify sCrAg-positive individuals and treat them with high-dose fluconazole did not significantly improve overall survival among HIV-infected individuals with CD4 counts ≤ 100 cells/μl compared to a historical control, perhaps due to intervention uptake rates or poor efficacy of high-dose oral fluconazole. © 2013 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.	Africa; Cryptococcal meningitis; Cryptococcus; Outcomes; Prevention; Screening	cryptococcal antigen; fluconazole; fungus antigen; unclassified drug; acquired immune deficiency syndrome; antigen; bacterium; disease treatment; drug; epidemiology; fungal disease; human immunodeficiency virus; hypothesis testing; meningitis; mortality; serum; survival; womens health; adult; article; CD4 lymphocyte count; controlled study; cryptococcosis; drug megadose; female; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; immune deficiency; Kenya; major clinical study; male; mortality; overall survival; survival rate; Adult; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Antifungal Agents; Antigens, Fungal; Case-Control Studies; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Cryptococcus neoformans; Female; Fluconazole; Humans; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Kenya; Male; Meningitis, Cryptococcal; Survival Rate; Treatment Outcome; Kenya	None
WoS	WOS:000279725600004	TRAINING NEEDS ASSESSMENT IN RESEARCH ETHICS EVALUATION AMONG RESEARCH ETHICS COMMITTEE MEMBERS IN THREE AFRICAN COUNTRIES: CAMEROON, MALI AND TANZANIA	Ateudjieu, Jerome,Baume, Cedric,Hirtle, Marie,Ikingura, Joyce,Niare, Alassane,Sprumont, Dominique,Williams, John	2010	DEVELOPING WORLD BIOETHICS	10	2	10.1111/j.1471-8847.2009.00266.x	University of Fribourg, University of Geneva, University of Neuchatel, University of Ottawa, University of Yaounde I, Malaria Res & Training Ctr	"Ateudjieu, Jerome: University of Yaounde I","Sprumont, Dominique: University of Neuchatel","Williams, John: University of Ottawa",	Background: As actors with the key responsibility for the protection of human research participants, Research Ethics Committees (RECs) need to be competent and well-resourced in order to fulfil their roles. Despite recent programs designed to strengthen RECs in Africa, much more needs to be accomplished before these committees can function optimally. Objective: To assess training needs for biomedical research ethics evaluation among targeted countries. Methods: Members of RECs operating in three targeted African countries were surveyed between August and November 2007. Before implementing the survey, ethical approvals were obtained from RECs in Switzerland, Cameroon, Mali and Tanzania. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire in English and in French. Results: A total of 74 respondents participated in the study. The participation rate was 68%. Seventy one percent of respondents reported having received some training in research ethics evaluation. This training was given by national institutions (31%) and international institutions (69%). Researchers and REC members were ranked as the top target audiences to be trained. Of 32 topics, the top five training priorities were: basic ethical principles, coverage of applicable laws and regulations, how to conduct ethics review, evaluating informed consent processes and the role of the REC. Conclusion: Although the majority of REC members in the targeted African countries had received training in ethics, they expressed a need for additional training. The results of this survey have been used to design a training program in research ethics evaluation that meets this need.	Africa,CURRICULUM,"ETHICS COMMITTEES",RESEARCH,"TRAINING PROGRAM"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84885962336	Is it time to rethink how neuropsychological tests are used to diagnose mild forms of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders? Impact of false-positive rates on prevalence and power	Meyer A.-C.L., John Boscardin W., Kwasa J.K., Price R.W.	2013	Neuroepidemiology	41	04-Mar	10.1159/000354629	Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco General Hospital, 1001 Potrero Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94110, United States; Division of Geriatrics and Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Center for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya	Meyer, A.-C.L., Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco General Hospital, 1001 Potrero Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94110, United States, Center for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; John Boscardin, W., Division of Geriatrics and Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Kwasa, J.K., Center for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Price, R.W., Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco General Hospital, 1001 Potrero Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94110, United States	Background: Between 0 and 48% of normal HIV-uninfected individuals score below threshold neuropsychological test scores for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) or are false positives. There has been little effort to understand the effect of varied interpretations of research criteria for HAND on false-positive frequencies, prevalence and analytic estimates. Methods: The proportion of normal individuals scoring below Z score thresholds drawn from research criteria for HAND, or false-positive frequencies, was estimated in a normal Kenyan population and a simulated normal population using varied interpretations of research criteria for HAND. We calculated the impact of false-positive frequencies on prevalence estimates and statistical power. Results: False-positive frequencies of 2-74% were observed for asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment/mild neurocognitive disorder and 0-8% for HIV-associated dementia. False-positive frequencies depended on the definition of an abnormal cognitive domain, Z score thresholds and neuropsychological battery size. Misclassification led to clinically important overestimation of prevalence and dramatic decreases in power. Conclusions: Minimizing false-positive frequencies is critical to decrease bias in prevalence estimates and minimize reductions in power in studies of association, particularly for mild forms of HAND. We recommend changing the Z score threshold to ≤-1.5 for mild impairment, limiting analysis to 3-5 cognitive domains and using the average Z score to define an abnormal domain. © 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel.	Africa; Dementia; HIV; Power; Prevalence	article; cognition; false negative result; false positive result; HIV associated dementia; human; Kenya; major clinical study; mild cognitive impairment; neuropsychological test; prevalence; scoring system; adult; Article; disease classification; false positive result; Cognition Disorders; False Positive Reactions; HIV Infections; Humans; Neuropsychological Tests	K01TW008764, FIC, Fogarty International Center; K01TW008764, NIH, National Institutes of Health; NIH, National Institutes of Health; NCI, National Cancer Institute; NIDA, National Institute on Drug Abuse; NIMH, National Institute of Mental Health
Scopus	2-s2.0-84868592655	Depressive symptoms and their impact on health-seeking behaviors in newly-diagnosed HIV-infected patients in Durban, South Africa	Ramirez-Avila L., Regan S., Giddy J., Chetty S., Ross D., Katz J.N., Freedberg K.A., Walensky R.P., Losina E., Bassett I.V.	2012	AIDS and Behavior	16	8	10.1007/s10461-012-0160-y	Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Boston, 333 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02139, United States; Division of General Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; McCord Hospital, Durban, South Africa; St. Mary's Hospital, Mariannhill, Durban, South Africa; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Division of Rheumatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Center for AIDS Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Division of Infectious Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Division of Infectious Disease, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States	Ramirez-Avila, L., Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Boston, 333 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02139, United States, Division of General Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Regan, S., Division of General Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Giddy, J., McCord Hospital, Durban, South Africa; Chetty, S., McCord Hospital, Durban, South Africa; Ross, D., St. Mary's Hospital, Mariannhill, Durban, South Africa; Katz, J.N., Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, Division of Rheumatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Freedberg, K.A., Division of General Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, Center for AIDS Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States, Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Walensky, R.P., Center for AIDS Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States, Division of Infectious Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, Division of Infectious Disease, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Losina, E., Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, Division of Rheumatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, Center for AIDS Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States, Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States; Bassett, I.V., Center for AIDS Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States, Division of Infectious Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States	We evaluated the prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms prior to HIV diagnosis and determined the effect of these symptoms on seeking HIV care at an urban and rural clinic in Durban, South Africa. Adults were administered a questionnaire which included the 5-item Mental Health Index (MHI-5) before HIV testing. We determined the depressive symptoms among HIV-infected subjects. Of 1,545 newly-diagnosed HIV-infected subjects, 55% had depressive symptoms by MHI-5 score. Enrolling at the urban clinic and decreasing functional activity score were associated with depressive symptoms. Subjects with depressive symptoms who were referred for HIV testing by a healthcare provider were less likely to obtain a CD4 count than those without depressive symptoms who self-referred for testing. Depressive symptoms were common among newly-diagnosed HIV-infected participants and impacted CD4 uptake. Depression screening at the time of HIV diagnosis is critical for improving linkage to mental health and HIV services in South Africa. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012.	Africa; Depression; Depressive symptoms; HIV; Linkage to care; South Africa	adult; article; CD4 lymphocyte count; depression; evaluation; female; follow up; health behavior; hospital; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; male; mass screening; methodology; multivariate analysis; patient attitude; patient referral; prevalence; prospective study; psychological aspect; questionnaire; rural population; socioeconomics; South Africa; statistics; urban population; Adult; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Depression; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Health Behavior; HIV Infections; Hospitals, Rural; Hospitals, Urban; Humans; Male; Mass Screening; Multivariate Analysis; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Prevalence; Prospective Studies; Questionnaires; Referral and Consultation; Rural Population; Socioeconomic Factors; South Africa; Urban Population	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67649641494	The impact of e-resources on the provision of health and medical information services in Kenya	Kamau N., Ouma S.	2008	Journal of Electronic Resources in Medical Libraries	5	2	10.1080/15424060802064329	Kenya Medical Research Institute, P. O. Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya; Aga Khan University, P. O. Box 39340-00623, Nairobi, Kenya	Kamau, N., Kenya Medical Research Institute, P. O. Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya; Ouma, S., Aga Khan University, P. O. Box 39340-00623, Nairobi, Kenya	Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have brought opportunities and challenges to the provision of library and information services in the health sector worldwide. Libraries in Sub-Saharan Africa that experienced massive budget cuts in the 1990s due to declining economies have now embraced ICTs to manage their information resources and services. ICTs have improved access to health information resources by those libraries that have Internet connectivity. A survey was carried out to examine the impact of electronic resources on the provision of health and medical information services in Kenya, Africa. This paper reports the results of the survey. © 2008 by The Haworth Press. All rights reserved.	Africa; Developing countries; Electronic resources; Health information providers; Health information services; HINARI; INASP; Kenya; PERI	None	None
WoS	WOS:000341361700026	The Public Health Impact of Training Physicians to Become Obstetricians and Gynecologists in Ghana	Anderson, Frank W. J.,Boothman, Erika L.,Obed, Samuel A.,Opare-Ado, Henry	2014	AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH	104	None	10.2105/AJPH.2013.301581	University of Ghana, University of Michigan, University of Michigan System, Kwame Nkrumah University Science & Technology, Kwame Nkrumah Univ Sci & Technol	"Anderson, Frank W. J.: University of Michigan","Anderson, Frank W. J.: University of Michigan System","Boothman, Erika L.: University of Michigan","Boothman, Erika L.: University of Michigan System","Obed, Samuel A.: University of Ghana",	Objectives. We assessed the public health effect of creating and sustaining obstetrics and gynecology postgraduate training in Ghana, established in 1989 to reverse low repatriation of physicians trained abroad. Methods. All 85 certified graduates of 2 Ghanaian university-based postgraduate training programs from program initiation in 1989 through June 2010 were identified and eligible for this study. Of these, 7 were unable to be contacted, inaccessible, declined participation, or deceased. Results. Of the graduates, 83 provide clinical services in Ghana and work in 33 sites in 8 of 10 regions; 15% were the first obstetrician and gynecologist at their facility, 25% hold clinical leadership positions, 50% practice in teaching hospitals, and 14% serve as academic faculty. Conclusions. Creating capacity for university-based postgraduate training in obstetrics and gynecology is effective and sustainable for a comprehensive global approach to reduce maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Policies to support training and research capacity in obstetrics and gynecology are an integral part of a long-term national plan for maternal health.	,AFRICA,DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES,MODEL,POSTGRADUATE,PROGRAM,RETENTION	None	None
WoS	WOS:000331390500014	Monitoring and Evaluation of African Women in Agricultural Research and Development (AWARD): An Exemplar of Managing for Impact in Development Evaluation	Brandon, Paul R.,Noordeloos, Marco,Ofir, Zenda,Smith, Nick L.	2014	AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EVALUATION	35	1	10.1177/1098214013509876	Stellenbosch University, Syracuse University, University of Hawaii Manoa, University of Hawaii System, African Women Agr Res & Dev	"Brandon, Paul R.: University of Hawaii Manoa","Brandon, Paul R.: University of Hawaii System","Ofir, Zenda: Stellenbosch University","Smith, Nick L.: Syracuse University",	None	Africa,"development evaluation","monitoring and evaluation","theory of change","WOMEN IN AGRICULTURE"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-66049132442	Institutions and economic performance: Implications for African development	Luiz J.M.	2009	Journal of International Development	21	1	10.1002/jid.1472	Wits Business School, University of Witwatersrand, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa	Luiz, J.M., Wits Business School, University of Witwatersrand, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa	The recent economic performance of Sub Saharan Africa has been very disappointing. Its poverty has many dimensions and causes, both internal and external. This paper focuses on the role of institutions in promoting or hindering economic development in Africa and the implications for doing business on the continent. It questions our understanding of institutions and how they develop and warns against simplistic assumptions in this regard. The paper examines how it is that institutions come to affect economic growth and the characteristics of what makes for good institutions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Africa; Development; Institutions	business; economic development; economic growth; institutional development; poverty; Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84943570139	Diagnosis of O. volvulus infection via skin exposure to diethylcarbamazine: Clinical evaluation of a transdermal delivery technology-based patch	Awadzi K., Opoku N.O., Attah S.K., Lazdins-Helds J.K., Kuesel A.C.	2015	Parasites and Vectors	8	1	10.1186/s13071-015-1122-9	Onchocerciasis Chemotherapy Research Centre, Hohoe, Ghana; Department of Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana; UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/ WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland	Awadzi, K., Onchocerciasis Chemotherapy Research Centre, Hohoe, Ghana; Opoku, N.O., Onchocerciasis Chemotherapy Research Centre, Hohoe, Ghana; Attah, S.K., Onchocerciasis Chemotherapy Research Centre, Hohoe, Ghana, Department of Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana; Lazdins-Helds, J.K., UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/ WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; Kuesel, A.C., UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/ WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland	Background: Elimination of onchocerciasis in Africa is now regarded as an achievable goal in many areas. This makes monitoring changes in infection prevalence a key component of control programmes. Monitoring is currently based on determining the presence of O. volvulus microfilariae in skin snips, an invasive, labour-intensive method. The Onchocerciasis Control Programme (OCP) had established procedures to detect O. volvulus infections via the localized skin reaction induced by killing of microfilariae upon skin exposure to diethylcarbamazine via a patch (OCP-patch). Large scale OCP - patch use is difficult due to labour-intensive patch preparation. At the request of TDR, a manufacturer specialized in transdermal-delivery systems developed a ready-to-use diethylcarbamazine (DEC) containing patch (LTS-2 patch). To qualify this patch for large scale studies of its sensitivity and specificity, this study evaluated its ease of application, ability to detect infection and DEC exposure related adverse reactions compared to the OCP-patch in 30 infected individuals. Methods: Each participant with 0.2-36.8 O. volvulus microfilariae/mg skin received the OCP-patch and 4 days later the LTS-2 patch at the left and right iliac crest, respectively, for 24 h. Presence and characteristics of local skin reactions were assessed at patch removal and 6 h later. Skin reaction and Mazzotti reaction rates were compared with Fisher's exact and a paired t-test, respectively. Results: The LTS-2 patch could be applied within 10 s. Mild itching occured at 63.3 % of OCP-patch (duration 8.9∈±∈11.8 h) and 26.7 % of LTS-2 patch sites (duration 1.0∈±∈2.5 h) and was the most frequent Mazzotti reaction. At patch removal after 24 h, a diagnostic local skin reaction was present under 90 % of OCP-patches and 83 % of LTS-2 patches; 6 h later, it was present at 93 % of OCP-patch and 100 % of LTS-2 patch sites. Conclusions: The data suggest that safety, tolerability and ability to detect infections of the LTS-2 patch are comparable to those of the OCP-patch. They qualify the LTS-2 patch for field studies to determine LTS-2 patch sensitivity, specificity and utility during large scale use and thus to inform use of the LTS-2 patch by onchocerciasis control programmes to determine prevalence of infection. Trial registration: Current controlled Trials ISRCTN76875372. © 2015 World Health Organization; licensee BioMed Central.	Africa; Diagnosis; Diethylcarbamazine patch; Onchocerciasis; Transdermal-delivery	diethylcarbamazine; adult; Article; clinical article; clinical evaluation; drug effect; drug exposure; drug safety; drug tolerability; female; human; human tissue; iliac crest; male; microfilaria (nematode larva); onchocerciasis; pruritus; sensitivity and specificity; skin edema; skin manifestation; transdermal patch	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880951891	Highly sensitive detection of malaria parasitemia in a malaria-endemic setting: Performance of a new loop-mediated isothermal amplification kit in a remote clinic in Uganda	Hopkins H., González I.J., Polley S.D., Angutoko P., Ategeka J., Asiimwe C., Agaba B., Kyabayinze D.J., Sutherland C.J., Perkins M.D., Bell D.	2013	Journal of Infectious Diseases	208	4	10.1093/infdis/jit184	Malaria and Acute Febrile Syndrome Program, Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics, av de Budé 16, Geneva 1202, Switzerland; Malaria Control Programme, Uganda Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Clinical Parasitology, University London Colleges, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, United Kingdom; HPA Malaria Reference Laboratory, United Kingdom; Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom	Hopkins, H., Malaria and Acute Febrile Syndrome Program, Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics, av de Budé 16, Geneva 1202, Switzerland; González, I.J., Malaria and Acute Febrile Syndrome Program, Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics, av de Budé 16, Geneva 1202, Switzerland; Polley, S.D., Department of Clinical Parasitology, University London Colleges, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, United Kingdom; Angutoko, P., Malaria and Acute Febrile Syndrome Program, Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics, av de Budé 16, Geneva 1202, Switzerland; Ategeka, J., Malaria and Acute Febrile Syndrome Program, Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics, av de Budé 16, Geneva 1202, Switzerland; Asiimwe, C., Malaria and Acute Febrile Syndrome Program, Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics, av de Budé 16, Geneva 1202, Switzerland; Agaba, B., Malaria Control Programme, Uganda Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda; Kyabayinze, D.J., Malaria and Acute Febrile Syndrome Program, Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics, av de Budé 16, Geneva 1202, Switzerland; Sutherland, C.J., Department of Clinical Parasitology, University London Colleges, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, United Kingdom, HPA Malaria Reference Laboratory, United Kingdom, Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom; Perkins, M.D., Malaria and Acute Febrile Syndrome Program, Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics, av de Budé 16, Geneva 1202, Switzerland; Bell, D., Malaria and Acute Febrile Syndrome Program, Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics, av de Budé 16, Geneva 1202, Switzerland	Background. Current malaria diagnostic tests, including microscopy and antigen-detecting rapid tests, cannot reliably detect low-density infections. Molecular methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are highly sensitive but remain too complex for field deployment. A new commercial molecular assay based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) was assessed for field use. Methods. Malaria LAMP (Eiken Chemical, Japan) was evaluated for samples from 272 outpatients at a rural Ugandan clinic and compared with expert microscopy, nested PCR, and quantitative PCR (qPCR). Two technicians performed the assay after 3 days of training, using 2 alternative blood sample-preparation methods and visual interpretation of results by fluorescence assay. Results. Compared with 3-well nested PCR, the sensitivity of both LAMP and single-well nested PCR was 90%; the microscopy sensitivity was 51%. For samples with a Plasmodium falciparum qPCR titer of ≥2 parasites/μL, LAMP sensitivity was 97.8% (95% confidence interval, 93.7%-99.5%). Most false-negative LAMP results involved samples with parasitemia levels detectable by 3-well nested PCR but very low or undetectable by qPCR. Conclusions. Malaria LAMP in a remote Ugandan clinic achieved sensitivity similar to that of single-well nested PCR in a United Kingdom reference laboratory. LAMP dramatically lowers the detection threshold achievable in malaria-endemic settings, providing a new tool for diagnosis, surveillance, and screening in elimination strategies. © The Author 2013.	Africa; Diagnosis; DNA; LAMP; Loop-mediated isothermal amplification; Malaria; Molecular diagnosis; PCR; Plasmodium falciparum; Polymerase chain reaction; Sensitivity and specificity; Uganda	adult; aged; article; child; controlled study; diagnostic kit; diagnostic test accuracy study; false negative result; female; fluorescence analysis; human; intermethod comparison; loop mediated isothermal amplification; major clinical study; malaria; malaria falciparum; male; microscopy; molecular diagnosis; preschool child; priority journal; quantitative analysis; sensitivity and specificity; Uganda; Africa; diagnosis; DNA; LAMP; loop-mediated isothermal amplification; malaria; molecular diagnosis; PCR; Plasmodium falciparum; polymerase chain reaction; sensitivity and specificity; Uganda; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Child; Child, Preschool; Endemic Diseases; Female; Humans; Malaria, Falciparum; Male; Middle Aged; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques; Parasitemia; Parasitology; Plasmodium falciparum; Rural Population; Sensitivity and Specificity; Uganda; Young Adult	B&MGF, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; DFID, Department for International Development
None	None	Performance of the fourth-generation Bio-Rad GS HIV Combo Ag/Ab enzyme immunoassay for diagnosis of HIV infection in Southern Africa	Piwowar-Manning E., Fogel J.M., Richardson P., Wolf S., Clarke W., Marzinke M.A., Fiamma A., Donnell D., Kulich M., Mbwambo J.K.K., Richter L., Gray G., Sweat M., Coates T.J., Eshleman S.H.	2015	Journal of Clinical Virology	62	None	10.1016/j.jcv.2014.11.023	Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Probability and Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Muhimbili University Teaching Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Human Development, Universities of the Witwatersrand, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Human Sciences Research Council, Durban, South Africa; Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States; Center for World Health, David Geffen School of Medicine and UCLA Health, Los Angeles, CA, United States	Piwowar-Manning, E., Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Fogel, J.M., Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Richardson, P., Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Wolf, S., Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Clarke, W., Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Marzinke, M.A., Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Fiamma, A., University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Donnell, D., Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States, Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Kulich, M., Department of Probability and Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Mbwambo, J.K.K., Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Muhimbili University Teaching Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Richter, L., DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Human Development, Universities of the Witwatersrand, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, Human Sciences Research Council, Durban, South Africa; Gray, G., Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; Sweat, M., Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States; Coates, T.J., Center for World Health, David Geffen School of Medicine and UCLA Health, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Eshleman, S.H., Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States	Background: Fourth-generation HIV assays detect both antigen and antibody, facilitating detection of acute/early HIV infection. The Bio-Rad GS HIV Combo Ag/Ab assay (Bio-Rad Combo) is an enzyme immunoassay that simultaneously detects HIV p24 antigen and antibodies to HIV-1 and HIV-2 in serum or plasma. Objective: To evaluate the performance of the Bio-Rad Combo assay for detection of HIV infection in adults from Southern Africa. Study design: Samples were obtained from adults in Soweto and Vulindlela, South Africa and Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (300 HIV-positive samples; 300 HIV-negative samples; 12 samples from individuals previously classified as having acute/early HIV infection). The samples were tested with the Bio-Rad Combo assay. Additional testing was performed to characterize the 12 acute/early samples. Results: All 300 HIV-positive samples were reactive using the Bio-Rad Combo assay; false positive test results were obtained for 10 (3.3%) of the HIV-negative samples (sensitivity: 100%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 98.8-100%); specificity: 96.7%, 95% CI: 94.0-98.4%). The assay detected 10 of the 12 infections classified as acute/early. The two infections that were not detected had viral loads. <. 400. copies/mL; one of those samples contained antiretroviral drugs consistent with antiretroviral therapy. Conclusions: The Bio-Rad Combo assay correctly classified the majority of study specimens. The specificity reported here may be higher than that seen in other settings, since HIV-negative samples were pre-screened using a different fourth-generation test. The assay also had high sensitivity for detection of acute/early infection. False-negative test results may be obtained in individuals who are virally suppressed. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.	Africa; Diagnosis; Enzyme immunoassay; Fourth-generation; HIV	antigen p24; antiretrovirus agent; Human immunodeficiency virus antibody; Article; Bio Rad Combo assay; controlled study; diagnostic test accuracy study; diagnostic value; enzyme immunoassay; false negative result; HIV CLIA kit; HIV rapid test; HIV test; human; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Human immunodeficiency virus 2; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; laboratory diagnosis; sensitivity and specificity; South Africa; Tanzania; virus load	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77149124574	Performance of a prototype malaria rapid diagnostic test versus thick film microscopy among HIV-positive subjects in rural Rakai, Uganda	Mills L.A., Kagaayi J., Shott J.P., Newell K., Bwanika J.B., Ssempijja V., Aluma S., Quinn T.C., Reynolds S.J., Gray R.H.	2010	Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene	104	3	10.1016/j.trstmh.2009.07.030	Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 1830 East Monument Street #401, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States; Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Rakai District, Uganda; Clinical Monitoring Research Program, SAIC-Frederick Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, United States; Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 6610 Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 N. Wolfe St., Fifth Floor, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States	Mills, L.A., Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 1830 East Monument Street #401, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States, Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Rakai District, Uganda; Kagaayi, J., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Rakai District, Uganda; Shott, J.P., Clinical Monitoring Research Program, SAIC-Frederick Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, United States; Newell, K., Clinical Monitoring Research Program, SAIC-Frederick Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, United States; Bwanika, J.B., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Rakai District, Uganda; Ssempijja, V., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Rakai District, Uganda; Aluma, S., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Rakai District, Uganda; Quinn, T.C., Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 6610 Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 N. Wolfe St., Fifth Floor, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States; Reynolds, S.J., Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 6610 Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 N. Wolfe St., Fifth Floor, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States; Gray, R.H., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Rakai District, Uganda, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 N. Wolfe St., Fifth Floor, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States	In this study, we report the performance of a prototype malaria rapid diagnostic test, Malaria F-test (MFT), compared with thick blood films from HIV-positive Ugandans undergoing malaria testing. In total, 21/154 samples (13.6%) were concordantly positive by both thick film and MFT and 129/154 samples (83.8%) were concordantly negative; 1 sample (0.6%) was thick film-positive but MFT-negative and 3 samples (1.9%) were thick film-negative but MFT-positive. The sensitivity of MFT was 95.5% (95% CI 77.2-99.9%) compared with thick film microscopy and the specificity was 97.7% (95% CI 93.5-99.5%). MFT was simple, rapid and effective for detection of Plasmodium falciparum among HIV-positive subjects in a rural, malaria-endemic African setting.	Africa; Diagnosis; HIV/AIDS; Malaria; Rapid diagnostic test; Uganda	artemether plus benflumetol; adolescent; adult; article; child; controlled study; diagnostic test; drug efficacy; female; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; incidence; intermethod comparison; lymphocyte count; major clinical study; malaria; malaria F test; male; microscopy; Plasmodium falciparum; sensitivity and specificity; T lymphocyte; Uganda; Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Diagnostic Tests, Routine; Female; HIV Seropositivity; Humans; Malaria, Falciparum; Male; Middle Aged; Plasmodium falciparum; Sensitivity and Specificity; Uganda; Young Adult; Plasmodium falciparum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77954802470	Evaluation of a rapid immunodiagnostic test kit for detection of African lyssaviruses from brain material	Markotter W., York D., Sabeta C.T., Shumba W., Zulu G., Roux K.L.E., Nel L.H.	2009	Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research	76	2	None	Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa; Molecular Diagnostic Services, Private Bag X20, Westville, Durban, Kwazulu Natal, 3630, South Africa; OIE Rabies Reference Laboratory, Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Allerton Veterinary Laboratory, Private Bag X2, Cascades, Pietermaritzburg, 3202, South Africa	Markotter, W., Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa; York, D., Molecular Diagnostic Services, Private Bag X20, Westville, Durban, Kwazulu Natal, 3630, South Africa; Sabeta, C.T., OIE Rabies Reference Laboratory, Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Shumba, W., OIE Rabies Reference Laboratory, Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Zulu, G., OIE Rabies Reference Laboratory, Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Roux, K.L.E., Allerton Veterinary Laboratory, Private Bag X2, Cascades, Pietermaritzburg, 3202, South Africa; Nel, L.H., Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa	A rapid immunodiagnostic test kit was evaluated against a selection of isolates of lyssavirus genotypes occurring in Africa. The test was carried out in parallel comparison with the fluorescent antibody test (FAT) and isolates representing previously established phylogenetic groups from each genotype were included. The specificity of the rapid immunodiagnostic test compared favourably with the FAT and was found to detect all representatives of genotypes 1, 2, 3 and 4 in brain samples of either field cases or suckling mouse brain inoculates.	Africa; Diagnostics; Lyssavirus; Rabies; Rapid test	animal; animal disease; article; brain; classification; fluorescent antibody technique; genotype; isolation and purification; methodology; mouse; rabies; Rabies virus; rhabdovirus infection; virology; Animals; Brain; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Genotype; Lyssavirus; Mice; Rabies; Rabies virus; Rhabdoviridae Infections; Lyssavirus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84876487831	The nature and prevalence of disability in a ghanaian community as measured by the language independent functional evaluation	Kelemen B.W., Haig A.J., Goodnight S., Nyante G.	2013	Pan African Medical Journal	14	None	10.11604/pamj.2013.14.103.2142	Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, United States; The University of Michigan, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, United States; The University of Ghana, Ghana	Kelemen, B.W., Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, United States; Haig, A.J., The University of Michigan, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, United States; Goodnight, S., The University of Michigan, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, United States; Nyante, G., The University of Ghana, Ghana	Introduction: The current study uses the Language Independent Functional Evaluation (L.I.F.E.) to evaluate disability in a smaller Ghanaian coastal town to characterize the extent and nature of disability. The L.I.F.E. is a video animated, language free equivalent of the standard 10-item verbal/written Barthel Index functional assessment. Methods: Over a four-month period, the L.I.F.E. survey was given to members of the village of Anomabo in a preliminary survey which consisted of recruitment in an un-controlled manner, followed by a systematic, comprehensive survey of three neighborhood clusters. Basic demographics were also collected, along with the observer's assessment of disability. Results: 541 inhabitants (264 in the preliminary survey and 277 in systematic survey) completed the L.I.F.E. Participants ranged from 7-100 years old (mean age 32.88, s.d. 20.64) and were 55.9% female. In the systematic study, 16.6% of participants had a less than perfect score on the L.I.F.E., indicating some degree of impairment. Significant differences were found between age groups, but not between sexes, the preliminary and systematic survey, and study location (α=.05). Conclusion: The L.I.F.E. and this study methodology can be used to measure the prevalence of disability in African communities. Disability in this community was higher than the frequently cited estimate of 10%. African policymakers can use the L.I.F.E. to measure disability and thus more rationally allocate resources for medical rehabilitation. © Benjamin William Kelemen et al.	Africa; Disability; Epidemiology; Health care policy; Literacy; Rehabilitation	adult; age distribution; aged; article; child; clinical evaluation; community assessment; demography; disability; disability severity; ethnic group; female; follow up; functional assessment; functional status; Ghana; health survey; human; Language Independent Functional Evaluation; major clinical study; male; named inventories, questionnaires and rating scales; resource allocation; school child	None
WoS	WOS:000277417200015	Development of a Language-Independent Functional Evaluation	Beier, Klaus P.,Boggess, Tony,Chan, Lilliene,Haig, Andrew J.,Jayarajan, Senthil,Juang, Derek,Kalpakjian, Claire,Loar, Jesse,Maslowski, Eric,Owusu-Ansah, Bertha,Tinney, Melissa,Yamakawa, Karen S.	2009	ARCHIVES OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION	90	12	10.1016/j.apmr.2009.05.025	Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE), Temple University, University of Ghana, University of Michigan, University of Michigan System, Vet Hosp Huntington	"Beier, Klaus P.: University of Michigan","Beier, Klaus P.: University of Michigan System","Chan, Lilliene: University of Michigan","Chan, Lilliene: University of Michigan System","Haig, Andrew J.: University of Michigan","Haig, Andrew J.: University of Michigan System","Jayarajan, Senthil: Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE)","Jayarajan, Senthil: Temple University","Juang, Derek: University of Michigan","Juang, Derek: University of Michigan System","Loar, Jesse: University of Michigan","Loar, Jesse: University of Michigan System","Maslowski, Eric: University of Michigan","Maslowski, Eric: University of Michigan System","Owusu-Ansah, Bertha: University of Ghana",	Haig AJ, Jayarajan S, Maslowski E, Yamakawa KS, Tinney M, Beier KP, Juang D, Chan L, Boggess T, Loar J, Owusu-Ansah B, Kalpakjian C. Development of a language-independent functional evaluation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2009;90:2074-80. Objective: To design, validate, and critique a tool for self-report of physical functioning that is independent of language and literacy. Design: Software design and 2 prospective trials followed by redesign. Setting: United States and African university hospitals. Participants: Outpatient and inpatient competent adults with diverse physical impairments. Interventions: (1) Software design process leading to a Preliminary Language-Independent Functional Evaluation (Pre-L.I.F.E.); (2) patient surveys using a printed Pre-L.I.F.E. and a computer-animated Pre-L.I.F.E. tested in random order, followed by a questionnaire version of the standard Barthel Index; and (3) software redesign based on objective and qualitative experiences with Pre-L.I.F.E. Main Outcome Measures: Validation of the general concept that written and spoken language can be eliminated in assessment of function. Development of a refined Language-Independent Functional Evaluation (LIFE.). Results: A viable Pre-L.I.F.E. software was built based on design parameters of the clinical team. Fifty Americans and 51 Africans demonstrated excellent (Cronbach alpha&gt;0.8 Americans) and good (alpha&gt;.425 Africans) reliability. In general, the relations between Pre-L.I.F.E. and Barthel scores were excellent in the United States (interclass correlation coefficient for stair climbing, .959) but somewhat less good in Africa, with elimination functions very poorly related. The computer-animated Pre-L.I.F.E. was faster and trended to be more reliable than the printed Pre-L.I.F.E. in both the United States and Africa. Redesign meetings corrected statistical and qualitative challenges, resulting in a new tool, the L.I.F.E. Conclusions: Literacy and language translation can be eliminated from some aspects of functional assessment. The new LIFE., based on solid empirical evidence and design principles, may be a practical solution to assessment of function in the global culture.	Africa,"DISABILITY EVALUATION","EDUCATIONAL STATUS",EPIDEMIOLOGY,LANGUAGE,"Outcome assessment (health care) Rehabilitation","STROKE REHABILITATION"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-49449092769	Impact of rainfall distribution on the parameterisation of a soil-moisture balance model of groundwater recharge in equatorial Africa	Mileham L., Taylor R., Thompson J., Todd M., Tindimugaya C.	2008	Journal of Hydrology	359	02-Jan	10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.06.007	Department of Geography, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; Water Resources Management Directorate (WRMD), P.O. Box 19, Entebbe, Uganda	Mileham, L., Department of Geography, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; Taylor, R., Department of Geography, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; Thompson, J., Department of Geography, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; Todd, M., Department of Geography, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; Tindimugaya, C., Water Resources Management Directorate (WRMD), P.O. Box 19, Entebbe, Uganda	Robust calibration of hydrological models, driven by gridded precipitation data derived from either Regional Climate Models or statistical downscaling of General Circulation Models, is essential to the quantitative analysis of the impacts of climate change on catchment hydrology and freshwater resources. Predicted warming in equatorial Africa, accompanied by greater evaporation and more frequent heavy precipitation events, may have substantial but uncertain impacts on terrestrial hydrology. In this study, we examine how the spatial representation of precipitation influences the parameterisation and calibration of a soil-moisture balance model (SMBM) in the humid tropics of equatorial Uganda. SMBMs explicitly account for changes in soil-moisture and partition effective precipitation into groundwater recharge and runoff. The semi-distributed SMBM, calibrated with daily station data over a 15 year period (1965-1979), estimates a mean annual recharge of 104 mm a-1 and mean annual surface runoff of 144 mm a-1. Interpolation of station precipitation by inverse distance weighting produces a more uniform distribution, and a 7% increase, in mean annual catchment precipitation relative to point-based station data. Application of interpolated (gridded), uncorrected precipitation to the SMBM results in an underestimation of runoff and overestimation of recharge by 57% and 52%; respectively whereas use of corrected, gridded precipitation results in an underestimation of recharge and runoff by 10% and 64%; respectively. Recalibration of the SMBM using gridded precipitation data requires a 3% reduction in potential evapotranspiration, a 12% increase in the runoff-coefficient, and an 18% reduction in the rainfall threshold. These values are inconsistent with local, point-based observations of these parameters. Although current efforts seek to improve the distribution and duration of key hydrological measurements (e.g. soil-moisture, groundwater levels) in data-poor regions, the parameterisation of gridded hydrological models remains largely empirical due to the discrepancy between gridded and locally observed hydrological parameters. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Africa; Distribution; Groundwater; Precipitation; Recharge	Calibration; Catchments; Climate change; Earth sciences; Groundwater; Hydraulic models; Hydrogeology; Hydrology; Moisture; Rain; Runoff; Soil moisture; Soils; Underground reservoirs; Water; Africa; Catchment hydrology; Distribution; Equatorial Africa; Fresh water resources; General circulation models; Gridded precipitation; Groundwater recharging; Heavy precipitation; Humid tropics; Hydrological modelling; Precipitation; Quantitative analysis; Rainfall distributions; Recharge; Regional climate modelling; Robust calibration; Spatial representations; Statistical downscaling; Geologic models; calibration; catchment; climate change; climate effect; climate modeling; climate prediction; evaporation; general circulation model; groundwater; hydrological modeling; interpolation; parameterization; precipitation (climatology); quantitative analysis; rainfall; recharge; runoff; soil moisture; spatial distribution; statistical analysis; uncertainty analysis; warming; Africa; East Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84861831370	Evidence on the impact of minimum wage laws in an informal sector: Domestic workers in South Africa	Dinkelman T., Ranchhod V.	2012	Journal of Development Economics	99	1	10.1016/j.jdeveco.2011.12.006	Dartmouth College, United States; University of Cape Town, South Africa	Dinkelman, T., Dartmouth College, United States; Ranchhod, V., University of Cape Town, South Africa	What happens when a previously uncovered labor market is regulated? We exploit the introduction of a minimum wage in South Africa and variation in the intensity of this law to identify increases in wages for domestic workers and no statistically significant effects on employment on the intensive or extensive margins. These large, partial responses to the law are somewhat surprising, given the lack of monitoring and enforcement in this informal sector. We interpret these changes as evidence that strong external sanctions are not necessary for new labor legislation to have a significant impact on informal sectors of developing countries, at least in the short-run. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.	Africa; Domestic workers; Informal sector; Minimum wage	developing world; domestic work; informal sector; law enforcement; legislation; minimum wage; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84865551471	Impact of drought and HIV on child nutrition in Eastern and Southern Africa	Mason J.B., Chotard S., Bailes A., Mebrahtu S., Hailey P.	2011	Food and Nutrition Bulletin	32	3 SUPPL.	None	Department of International Health and Development, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal St., New Orleans, LA 70112, United States; UNICEF Regional Office for Eastern and Southern Africa, South Africa	Mason, J.B., Department of International Health and Development, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal St., New Orleans, LA 70112, United States; Chotard, S.; Bailes, A.; Mebrahtu, S., UNICEF Regional Office for Eastern and Southern Africa, South Africa; Hailey, P., UNICEF Regional Office for Eastern and Southern Africa, South Africa	Background. Intermittent food insecurity due to drought and the effects of HIV/AIDS affect child nutritional status in sub-Saharan Africa. In Southern Africa in 2001-3 drought and HIV were previously shown to interact to cause substantial deterioration in child nutrition. With additional data available from Southern and Eastern Africa, the size of the effects of drought and HIV on child underweight up to 2006 were estimated. Objective. To determine short-and long-term trends in child malnutrition in Eastern and Southern Africa and how these are affected by drought and HIV. Methods. A secondary epidemiologic analysis was conducted of area-level data derived from national surveys, generally from the mid-1990s to the mid-2000s. Data from countries in the Horn of Africa (Ethiopia, Kenya, and Uganda) and Southern Africa (Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Swaziland, Zambia, and Zimbabwe) were compiled from available survey results. Secondary data were obtained on weight-for-age for preschool children, HIV prevalence data were derived from antenatal clinic surveillance, and food security data were obtained from United Nations sources (Food and Agriculture Organization, International Labour Office, and others). Results. Overall trends in child nutrition are improving as national averages; the improvement is slowed but not stopped by the effects of intermittent droughts. In Southern Africa, the prevalence rates of underweight showed signs of recovery from the 2001-03 crisis. As expected, food production and price indicators were related (although weakly) to changes in malnutrition prevalence; the association was strongest between changes in food production and price indicators and changes in malnutrition prevalence in the following year. Areas of higher HIV prevalence had better nutrition (in both country groups), but this counterintuitive association is removed after controlling for socioeconomic status. In low-HIV areas in Eastern Africa, nutrition deteriorates during drought, with prevalence rates of underweight 5 to 12 percentage points higher than in nondrought periods; less difference was seen in high-HIV areas, in contrast to Southern Africa, where drought and HIV together interact to produce higher prevalence rates of underweight. Conclusions. Despite severe intermittent droughts and the HIV/AIDS epidemic (now declining but still with very high prevalence rates), underlying trends in child underweight are improving when drought is absent: resilience may be better than feared. Preventing effects of drought and HIV could release potential for improvement and, when supported by national nutrition programs, help to accelerate the rates of improvement, now generally averaging around 0.3 percentage points per year, to those needed to meet Millennium Development Goals (0.4 to 0.9 percentage points per year). © 2010, The United Nations University.	Africa; Drought; HIV; Nutrition	acquired immune deficiency syndrome; age class; child care; data set; drought; epidemic; epidemiology; food production; food security; health survey; human immunodeficiency virus; Millenium Development Goal; nutritional status; United Nations; weight; East Africa; South Africa; Human immunodeficiency virus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84885919422	Potential impacts of increasing average yields and reducing maize yield variability in Africa	Kostandini G., La Rovere R., Abdoulaye T.	2013	Food Policy	43	None	10.1016/j.foodpol.2013.09.007	Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment Street, 221 Stuckey Building, Griffin, GA 30223-1797, United States; International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; International I	Kostandini, G., Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment Street, 221 Stuckey Building, Griffin, GA 30223-1797, United States; La Rovere, R., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Abdoulaye, T., International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Kano, Nigeria	This study evaluates the potential impacts of investing in Drought Tolerant Maize (DTM) in 13 countries of East, South and West Africa. The analysis utilizes geo-referenced production data at the regional and household levels and employs a model that estimates both the conventional mean yield gains and the additional benefits from yield stability gains of DTM varieties as well as impacts on poverty. The results indicate that by 2016, adoption of DTM can generate between US$ 362. million and US$ 590. million in cumulative benefits to both producers and consumers. Yield variance reductions stand to generate considerable benefits, especially in high drought risk areas. These benefits translate into poverty reductions in the range of 0.01-4.29% by 2016. Significant benefits are also found among different types of households living in drought risk areas of Kenya, Ethiopia and Nigeria. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.	Africa; Drought; Maize; Poverty; Technology adoption; Yield stability	agricultural technology; crop production; crop yield; drought resistance; investment; maize; poverty alleviation; technology adoption; East Africa; South Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84948807634	Dyspepsia prevalence and impact on quality of life among Rwandan healthcare workers: A cross-sectional survey	Bitwayiki R., Orikiiriza J.T., Kateera F., Bihizimana P., Karenzi B., Kyamanywa P., Walke T.D.	2015	South African Medical Journal	105	12	10.7196/SAMJ.2015.v105i12.9482	University Teaching Hospital, Butare, Rwanda; School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Butare, Rwanda; Rwanda Military Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda; Infectious Diseases Institute, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland	Bitwayiki, R., University Teaching Hospital, Butare, Rwanda, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Butare, Rwanda; Orikiiriza, J.T., Rwanda Military Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda, Infectious Diseases Institute, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda, Department of Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland; Kateera, F., Rwanda Military Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda; Bihizimana, P., University Teaching Hospital, Butare, Rwanda, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Butare, Rwanda; Karenzi, B., Rwanda Military Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda; Kyamanywa, P., School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Butare, Rwanda; Walke, T.D., University Teaching Hospital, Butare, Rwanda, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Butare, Rwanda	Background. Dyspepsia has been demonstrated worldwide to have major personal and societal impacts, but data on the burden of this disease in Africa are lacking. Objective. To document the prevalence of dyspepsia and its quality-of-life impact among healthcare workers (HCWs) at Butare University Teaching Hospital (BUTH), Rwanda. Methods. A cross-sectional survey among consenting HCWs at BUTH was conducted. Multilingual interviewers guided participants through validated questionnaires, including the Short-Form Leeds Dyspepsia Questionnaire (SF-LDQ), to detect the presence and frequency of dyspeptic symptoms, and the Short-Form Nepean Dyspepsia Index (SF-NDI), to examine the impact of dyspepsia on quality of life. Results. The study included 378 enrolled HCWs, all of whom provided responses to the SF-LDQ and 356 of whom responded to the SF-NDI. The prevalence of dyspepsia in the study population was 38.9% (147/378). Of these 147 HCWs, 79 (53.7%) had very mild dyspepsia, 33 (22.4%) had mild dyspepsia, 20 (13.6%) had moderate dyspepsia and 15 (10.2%) had severe dyspepsia. Females were more likely to complain of dyspepsia than males (98/206 v. 49/172; odds ratio (OR) 2.3; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.5 - 3.5; p<0.001). Participants with dyspepsia of at least mild severity had SF-NDI scores reflecting reduced quality of life when compared with non-dyspeptic participants (OR 17.0; 95% CI 5.0 - 57.1; p<0.001), with most marked effects on the ‘tension’ and ‘eating and drinking’ subdomains of the SF-NDI. Conclusion. The prevalence of dyspepsia among HCWs in Rwanda is high and is associated with lowered quality of life. © 2015, South African Medical Association. All rights reserved.	Africa; Dyspepsia; Healthcare workers; Quality of life	adult; Article; cross-sectional study; dyspepsia; female; health care personnel; heartburn; human; indigestion; major clinical study; male; middle aged; nausea; prevalence; quality of life; questionnaire; Rwandan	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84888059440	Impact of the global financial and economic crisis on development: Whither africa?	Fosu A.K.	2013	Journal of International Development	25	8	10.1002/jid.2971	UN University, WIDER, Helsinki, Finland; University of Ghana, Economics and ISSER, Legon, Accra, Ghana	Fosu, A.K., UN University, WIDER, Helsinki, Finland, University of Ghana, Economics and ISSER, Legon, Accra, Ghana	The global economic crisis beginning in 2008 has come at an inopportune time for Africa. Economic growth had recovered, poverty had declined, and human development had improved. Then the crisis hit. Growth then fell by 60 per cent. The growth decline has been less than in previous economic crises though. Africa's resilience currently likely results from improvements in economic and political governance and to changes in the external environment. It appears that Africa will once again resume its path towards prosperity. However, although low-income and 'fragile' countries appear to be holding up well, many of them critically depend on external assistance. Above all, the commitment to improved governance must continue. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Africa; Economic crisis; Global	financial crisis; global economy; low income population; Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79551629266	A review of the impact of HIV/AIDS on education, the workforce and workplace: The African experience	Pennap G.R.I., Chaanda M., Ezirike L.	2011	Social Sciences	6	2	10.3923/sscience.2011.164.168	Department of Biological Sciences, Nasarawa State University, P.M.B. 1022, Keffi, Nigeria; Department of Geology and Mining, Nasarawa State University, P.M.B. 1022, Keffi, Nigeria; Department of General Studies, Nasarawa State University, P.M.B. 1022, Kef	Pennap, G.R.I., Department of Biological Sciences, Nasarawa State University, P.M.B. 1022, Keffi, Nigeria; Chaanda, M., Department of Geology and Mining, Nasarawa State University, P.M.B. 1022, Keffi, Nigeria; Ezirike, L., Department of General Studies, Nasarawa State University, P.M.B. 1022, Keffi, Nigeria	The impact of HIV/AIDS cuts across all sectors of economic activities and social life. For example, it not only reduces the stock of human capital but also the capacity to maintain the required turnover of many sought after skills and training like engineers, doctors, teachers, artisans and others. In the educational sphere, it leads to among other things a decrease in potential clientele for education, resources and even donor support. On the workforce, its impact increases expenditure on the one hand and decreases productivity on the other. In fact, economists posit that even when unemployment rates are high, retirement and death of a large number of skilled and unskilled workers will cause an increase in wages. © Medwell Journals, 2011.	Africa; Economic; Education; HIV/AIDS; Workforce; Workplace	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349595718	Explaining regional export performance in a developing country: The role of geography and relative factor endowments	Naudé W., Gries T.	2009	Regional Studies	43	7	10.1080/00343400801932300	World Institute for Development Economics Research, United Nations University, FIN-00160 Helsinki, Finland; North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Department of Economics, University of Paderborn, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany	Naudé, W., World Institute for Development Economics Research, United Nations University, FIN-00160 Helsinki, Finland, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Gries, T., Department of Economics, University of Paderborn, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany	NAUDÉ W. and GRIES T. Explaining regional export performance in a developing country: the role of geography and relative factor endowments, Regional Studies. This paper investigates the role of geography in explaining trade. It estimates and contrasts two models, a so-called 'Skills-to-Land Heckscher-Ohlin Model' following the work of WOOD and BERGE (1997) and a 'Geography Heckscher-Ohlin-Von Thunen model' following that of REDDING and VENABLES (2004). Using panel data across 354 South African magisterial districts over the period 1996 to 2000, it was found that only 22 magisterial districts in South Africa were responsible for 85% of the country's manufacturing exports. While the geography model (with distance, market effects, fixed costs and institutions) offers an overall better explanation for the manufactured export performance of the country's magisterial districts, evidence was also found to support the Skills-to-Land Heckscher-Ohlin model. The empirical evidence suggests that regions that are larger in terms of economic size, with good foreign market access and know-how of foreign markets, with competitive transport costs, good local institutions and higher proportions of skilled workers, will be more successful in exporting manufactured goods. © 2009 Regional Studies Association.	Africa; Economic geography; Exports; Panel data econometrics; Spatial economic development	developing world; econometrics; economic development; economic geography; manufactured export; panel data; regional trade; skilled labor; Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77952692847	Infrastructure investment and its performance in Africa over the course of the twentieth century	Luiz J.	2010	International Journal of Social Economics	37	7	10.1108/03068291011055450	University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Luiz, J., University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyse long-term trends in the development of Africa's economic infrastructure. Design/methodology/approach: The importance of infrastructure was examined in social and economic processes, followed by an exploration of the changing nature of infrastructure and its implications for delivery. The paper looked at the development of infrastructure in Africa by focusing on what was inherited at independence versus what had been achieved there since and why this was the case. Findings: The development challenges are immense because delivery of infrastructure requires much more than financial resources - it requires the capacity to deliver massive, complex projects in an efficient manner. It is clear that African states do not possess this level of capacity but this can still be delivered through innovative public-private partnerships, global cooperation, and the support of international institutions. Practical implications: Improving Africa's infrastructure is a necessary but not sufficient condition to promote economic development and attract investment back to the continent. Originality/value: The author assesses what needs to be done to ensure the massive infrastructure delivery required for the continent, which is estimated at 6 percent of output, and the innovation required for such a programme. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Africa; Economic growth; Electricity; Railways; Roads; Telephone	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84925453374	The impact of firm size and liquidity on the cost of external finance in africa	Hearn B., Piesse J.	2015	South African Journal of Economics	83	1	10.1111/saje.12062	Department of Business, Management and Economics, University of Sussex, Jubilee Building, Brighton, United Kingdom; Bournemouth University, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa	Hearn, B., Department of Business, Management and Economics, University of Sussex, Jubilee Building, Brighton, United Kingdom; Piesse, J., Department of Business, Management and Economics, University of Sussex, Jubilee Building, Brighton, United Kingdom, Bournemouth University, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa	Established illiquidity measures are constructed for emerging markets in Africa and used to determine which best explains trading costs. Costs of equity are derived from an augmented Capital Asset Pricing Model for a sample of emerging financial markets generally ignored in the literature. These include: South Africa and Namibia, three countries in North Africa and four in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), plus London and Paris as examples of integrated markets. Minimum variance portfolios are constructed and asset weights derived, with the sample divided into countries dependent on their legal regime. Portfolio weights are shown to be directly related to well-regulated markets with high standards of corporate governance and disclosure, and firms seeking cost-effective finance from SSA stock markets are at a distinct disadvantage compared with those in Northern Africa, South Africa and, in particular, London and Paris. © 2014 Economic Society of South Africa.	Africa; emerging financial markets; G11; G12; G15; Liquidity; O55; portfolio diversification	equity; financial market; financial system; firm size; governance approach; industrial investment; stock market; England; France; Ile de France; London [England]; Namibia; North Africa; Paris; South Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; United Kingdom; Ville de Paris	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84918538529	Impact of sheet erosion mechanisms on organic carbon losses from crusted soils in the Sahel	Maïga-Yaleu S.B., Chivenge P., Yacouba H., Guiguemde I., Karambiri H., Ribolzi O., Bary A., Chaplot V.	2015	Catena	126	None	10.1016/j.catena.2014.11.001	Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Radiochemistry and Electrochemistry (LACARE), University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources, International Institute of Water and Environmental Engineering (Institute 2iE), Burkina Faso; Department of Training and Research, Regional Center AGRHYMET, Niamey, Niger; School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Rabie Saunders Building, Scottsville, South Africa; Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), UMR 5563, IRD-Université de Toulouse, UPS (OMP), CNRS, 14 Av Edouard Belin, Toulouse, France; Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat, Expérimentations et approches numériques, UMR 7159, 4, place Jussieu, Paris, France	Maïga-Yaleu, S.B., Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Radiochemistry and Electrochemistry (LACARE), University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources, International Institute of Water and Environmental Engineering (Institute 2iE), Burkina Faso, Department of Training and Research, Regional Center AGRHYMET, Niamey, Niger; Chivenge, P., School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Rabie Saunders Building, Scottsville, South Africa; Yacouba, H., Department of Training and Research, Regional Center AGRHYMET, Niamey, Niger; Guiguemde, I., Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Radiochemistry and Electrochemistry (LACARE), University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Karambiri, H., Department of Training and Research, Regional Center AGRHYMET, Niamey, Niger; Ribolzi, O., Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), UMR 5563, IRD-Université de Toulouse, UPS (OMP), CNRS, 14 Av Edouard Belin, Toulouse, France; Bary, A., Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Radiochemistry and Electrochemistry (LACARE), University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Chaplot, V., School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Rabie Saunders Building, Scottsville, South Africa, Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat, Expérimentations et approches numériques, UMR 7159, 4, place Jussieu, Paris, France	Soil surface crusting influences water infiltration and runoff but its impact on soil organic carbon (SOC) losses by sheet erosion is largely unknown. Because there are different mechanisms of sheet erosion, from raindrop detachment and transport by raindrops interacting with flow (RIFT), to detachment and transport by flow, that require a certain slope length to be operative, this study examined the impact of slope length on SOC and nutrient losses. Field experiments were conducted on crusted soils in the Sahel region of Africa. Three replicates of micro-plots (1m×1m), plots (10m long×5m width) and long plots (25m×6m) were installed for each crust type in the area (structural, STRU; desiccation, DES; gravel, GRAV; and erosion, ERO) and followed for each rainfall event in the 2012 rainy season. Sediment, SOC content in sediments and selected nutrients (NO3 -; PO4 3-) in the runoff were analyzed to evaluate the annual losses by sheet erosion. SOC losses decreased significantly with increasing slope length from 0.24gCm-1 on micro-plots to 0.04gCm-1 on plots and to 0.01gCm-1 on long plots and similar trends were observed for NO3 - and PO4 3- losses. This suggested a strong scale dependency of sheet erosion with the efficiency of transport by saltation and rolling by RIFT decreasing significantly with increasing slope length, by 6 folds in average between 1 and 10m, with values between 1.8 on DES crusts and 19 on STRU crusts. These results on the relationship between soil crusting and sheet erosion should be further used to mitigate against the loss of SOC through the implementation of improved soil conservation techniques, as well as to improve soil erosion and/or SOC models. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.	Africa; Erosion mechanism; Land degradation; Nutrients; Soil organic carbon; Soil surface feature	land degradation; nutrient loss; organic carbon; runoff; saltation; sheet erosion; soil conservation; soil crust; soil organic matter; Sahel [Sub-Saharan Africa]; Groundnut rosette assistor virus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67149113522	The potential impact on farmer health of enhanced export horticultural trade between the U.K. and Uganda	Cross P., Edwards R.T., Nyeko P., Edwards-Jones G.	2009	International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health	6	5	10.3390/ijerph6051539	School of the Environment and Natural Resources, Bangor University, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, United Kingdom; Centre for Economics and Policy in Health, Institute of Medical and Social Care Research, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 1UT, United Kingdom; Department of Forest Biology and Ecosystems Management, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda	Cross, P., School of the Environment and Natural Resources, Bangor University, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, United Kingdom; Edwards, R.T., Centre for Economics and Policy in Health, Institute of Medical and Social Care Research, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 1UT, United Kingdom; Nyeko, P., Department of Forest Biology and Ecosystems Management, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Edwards-Jones, G., School of the Environment and Natural Resources, Bangor University, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, United Kingdom	The export of vegetables from African countries to European markets presents consumers with an ethical dilemma: should they support local, but relatively well-off farmers, or poorer farmers from distant countries? This paper considers the issue of farm worker health in the U.K. and Uganda, and considers the dilemma facing U.K. consumers if Uganda achieves their aim of exporting more vegetables to the U.K. Self-reported health scores of 1,200 farm workers in the U.K. and Uganda were measured with the internationally recognised SF-36 questionnaire and compared to an international population norm. The age-corrected health status of U.K. farm workers was significantly lower than the population norm, whereas Ugandans scored significantly higher (indicating good health) for physical health and lower for mental health. If Ugandan produce enters U.K. markets, then consumers may wish to consider both the potential benefits that enhanced trade could offer Ugandan farmers compared with its impacts on U.K. workers. © 2009 by the authors;.	Africa; Europe; Health; Malaria; Migrant; Vegetable production	agricultural worker; article; comparative study; consumer; controlled study; female; health; health status; horticulture; human; male; mental health; normal human; occupational health; self report; Short Form 36; Uganda; United Kingdom; vegetable; Agriculture; Commerce; Great Britain; Health Status; Humans; Questionnaires; Uganda; Vegetables	None
WoS	WOS:000257863300008	Southern African AIDS Trust - An evaluation of the process and outcomes of community-based partner graduation	Ismail, Hamida,Simon, Lisa D.	2008	CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE SANTE PUBLIQUE	99	None	None	McMaster University, University of Toronto, So African AIDS Trust	None	Objectives: To assess the partner graduation process used by SAT, the barriers partners face to graduation, and the outcomes following graduation, as well as to recommend directions for formalizing the graduation process into a more efficient and effective strategy. Methods: The quantitative component of this evaluation described existing data on graduated partners. The qualitative component collected data through semi-structured interviews with SAT regional and national staff, and both current long-term and graduated partners, with an emphasis on SAT's operations in Zambia and Zimbabwe. A participatory staff workshop allowed for the review of findings and recommendations. Results: SAT has graduated 31 implementing partners in its 5 core programming countries, after an average partnership duration of 6.5 years each. The graduation process has generally operated in accordance with SAT's guidelines regarding criteria and timeline, but has also involved considerable judgement, as SAT does not form explicit graduation strategies with partners. Key barriers to graduation included partners' challenges with resource mobilization and high staff turnover, as well as the reduced clarity around the graduation process itself for both SAT staff and partners. The outcomes of the graduated partners interviewed revealed strong sustainability of organizational systems, but mixed sustainability of financial resources and resource-dependent features. SAT staff provided many recommendations for addressing partners' challenges, and for improving and formalizing the graduation process. Discussion: The efficiency and sustainability of SAT's work could be improved with the development of an explicit and individualized graduation strategy with each partner. An enhanced and earlier focus on fundraising, sustainability, and human resources would also remove barriers to graduation and help improve outcomes.	Africa,"EVALUATION STUDIES",HIV,ORGANIZATIONS,SOUTHERN,"World health"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84865957348	FDI flows to sub-saharan Africa: The impact of finance, institutions, and natural resource endowment	Ezeoha A.E., Cattaneo N.	2012	Comparative Economic Studies	54	3	10.1057/ces.2012.18	Department of Banking and Finance, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State 09234, Nigeria; Department of Economics and Economic History, Rhodes University, South Africa	Ezeoha, A.E., Department of Banking and Finance, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State 09234, Nigeria; Cattaneo, N., Department of Economics and Economic History, Rhodes University, South Africa	Using a panel data from 38 Sub-Sahara African (SSA) countries and a dynamic system GMM model, this study examines the individual and interactive impact of financial development, institutional quality, and natural resource endowment on both the stock and the flow of inward foreign direct investment (FDI) to the region. It finds that inward FDI is more dynamic in non-resource-rich than in resource-rich countries; that in non-resource-rich countries, foreign investors rely more on the efficiency of the governance institutions, but in resource-rich countries, the formal financial system provides alternative platform for managing the stock of existing FDI, as well as for providing financial allocative and intermediation roles; that the impact of natural resource endowment and macroeconomic factors are more robust in the stock than it is in the flow of inward FDI; that the capacity of an SSA country's financial system to attract and support foreign investments is dependent on the quality of her telecommunication infrastructure, the quality of legal and governance structures, and the kind of FDI in question; that the positive impact of infrastructure on FDI depends on the size of a country's market; and that although natural resource endowment appears to be key source of inward FDI to SSA countries, its importance has diminished since the start of 2000. © 2012 ACES. All rights reserved.	Africa; FDI; financial development; institutions; resources	None	None
WoS	WOS:000242431900008	Accelerating reproductive and child health programme impact with community-based services: the Navrongo experiment in Ghana	Bawah, Ayaga A.,Binka, Fred N.,Phillips, James F.	2006	BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION	84	12	None	University of Ghana	None	Objective To determine the demographic and health impact of deploying health service nurses and volunteers to village locations with a view to scaling up results. Methods. A four-celled plausibility trial was used for testing the impact of aligning community health services with the traditional social institutions that organize village life, Data from the Navrongo Demographic Surveillance System that tracks fertility and mortality events over time were used to estimate impact on fertility and mortality. Results. Assigning nurses to community locations reduced childhood mortality rates by over half in 3 years and accelerated the time taken for attainment of the child survival Millennium Development Goal (MDG) in the study areas to 8 years. Fertility was also reduced by 15%, representing a decline of one birth in the total fertility rate. Programme costs added US$ 1.92 per capita to the US$ 6.80 per capita primary health care budget. Conclusion. Assigning nurses to community locations where they provide basic curative and preventive care substantially reduces childhood mortality and accelerates progress towards attainment of the child survival MDG. Approaches using community volunteers, however, have no impact on mortality. The results also demonstrate that increasing access to contraceptive supplies alone fails to address the social costs of fertility regulation. Effective deployment of volunteers and community mobilization strategies offsets the social constraints on the adoption of contraception. The research in Navrongo thus demonstrates that affordable and sustainable means of combining nurse services with volunteer action can accelerate attainment of both the International Conference on Population and Development agenda and the MDGs.	,AFRICA,FERTILITY,INNOVATION,KASSENA-NANKANA,MORTALITY,"NORTHERN GHANA",PROJECT,PUBLIC-HEALTH	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84869119375	The impact of inflation on financial sector development: Experience from Zambia	Odhiambo N.M.	2012	Journal of Applied Business Research	28	6	None	University of South Africa, South Africa	Odhiambo, N.M., University of South Africa, South Africa	This study examines the impact of inflation on financial development in Zambia during the period between 1980 and 2011. The study attempts to answer two critical questions: 1) Is there a long-run relationship between inflation and financial sector development in Zambia? 2) Does inflation in Zambia have any negative effect on financial sector development? The study uses the recently developed ARDL-bounds testing approach to examine this linkage. In order to address the problem of omission of variable bias, the study incorporates other variables, such as government expenditure, trade volume and GDP per capita in the financial development model, alongside inflation - thereby, creating a simple multivariate model. Using the domestic credit to the private sector as a proxy for financial development, the study finds that there is a long-run relationship between inflation and financial development in Zambia. The study also finds that there is a distinctively negative relationship between inflation and financial development. The results apply, irrespective of whether the model is estimated in the short run or in the long run. © 2012 The Clute Institute.	Africa; Financial sector development; Inflation; Zambia	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84862752637	The impact of early monitored management on survival in hospitalized adult Ugandan patients with severe sepsis: A prospective intervention study	Jacob S.T., Banura P., Baeten J.M., Moore C.C., Meya D., Nakiyingi L., Burke R., Horton C.L., Iga B., Wald A., Reynolds S.J., Mayanja-Kizza H., Scheld W.M.	2012	Critical Care Medicine	40	7	10.1097/CCM.0b013e31824e65d7	Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Medicine, International Respiratory and Severe Illness Center (INTERSECT), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Masaka Regional Referral Hospital, Masaka, Uganda; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States; College of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States; Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States; Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States	Jacob, S.T., Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States, Department of Medicine, International Respiratory and Severe Illness Center (INTERSECT), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Banura, P., Masaka Regional Referral Hospital, Masaka, Uganda; Baeten, J.M., Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States, Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States, Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Moore, C.C., Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States; Meya, D., College of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda, Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Nakiyingi, L., College of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda, Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Burke, R., Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States; Horton, C.L., Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Iga, B., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda; Wald, A., Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States, Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States; Reynolds, S.J., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Mayanja-Kizza, H., College of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Scheld, W.M., Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States	In sub-Saharan Africa, sepsis is an important cause of mortality. Optimal sepsis management including fluid resuscitation, early antibiotic administration, and patient monitoring is limited by lack of supplies and skilled health workers. Objective: To evaluate whether early, monitored sepsis management provided by a study medical officer can improve survival among patients with severe sepsis admitted to two public hospitals in Uganda. Design, Setting, and Patients: A prospective before and after study of an intervention cohort (n = 426) with severe sepsis receiving early, monitored sepsis management compared to an observation cohort (n = 245) of similarly ill patients with severe sepsis receiving standard management after admission to the medical wards of two Ugandan hospitals. INTERVENTION:: Early sepsis management provided by a dedicated study medical officer comprising fluid resuscitation, early antibiotics, and regular monitoring in the first 6 hrs of hospitalization. Measurements: Kaplan-Meier survival and unadjusted and adjusted Cox proportional hazards analysis were used to compare the effect of early, monitored sepsis management on 30-day mortality between the intervention cohort (enrolled May 2008 to May 2009) and observation cohort (enrolled July 2006 to November 2006). Results: The majority (86%) of patients in both cohorts were human immuno-deficiency virus-infected. Median fluid volume provided in the first 6 hrs of hospitalization was higher in intervention than observation cohort patients (3000 mL vs. 500 mL, p < .001) and a greater proportion of intervention cohort patients received antibacterial therapy in <1 hr (67% vs. 30.4%, p < .001). Mortality at 30 days was significantly lower in the intervention cohort compared to the observation cohort (33.0% vs. 45.7%, log-rank p = .005). After adjustment for potential confounders, the hazard of 30-day mortality was 26% less in the intervention cohort compared to the observation cohort (adjusted hazards ratio 0.74, 95% confidence interval 0.55-0.98). Mortality among the 13% of intervention patients who developed signs of respiratory distress was associated with baseline illness severity rather than fluid volume administered. CONCLUSION:: Early, monitored management of severely septic patients in Uganda improves survival and is feasible and safe even in a busy public referral hospital. © 2012 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.	Africa; fluid therapy; management bundle; mortality; pulmonary edema; sepsis; Uganda	antibiotic agent; adult; antibiotic therapy; article; cohort analysis; disease severity; female; fluid resuscitation; fluid therapy; hospital admission; hospital patient; hospitalization; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; major clinical study; male; mortality; observational study; patient monitoring; priority journal; prospective study; sepsis; survival; treatment planning; Uganda; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Blood Pressure; Female; Fluid Therapy; HIV Infections; Hospitalization; Humans; Intervention Studies; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Male; Monitoring, Physiologic; Proportional Hazards Models; Prospective Studies; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult; Sepsis; Severity of Illness Index; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84910072636	Impact of village savings and loans associations on the nutritional status of under-five children: A case study in the Sissala West District of Upper West Region	Abubakari A., Sadik B.B., Keisan Y.	2014	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	13	7	10.3923/pjn.2014.390.396	Department of Community Nutrition, University for Development Studies, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, P.O. Box 1883, Tamale, Ghana	Abubakari, A., Department of Community Nutrition, University for Development Studies, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, P.O. Box 1883, Tamale, Ghana; Sadik, B.B., Department of Community Nutrition, University for Development Studies, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, P.O. Box 1883, Tamale, Ghana; Keisan, Y., Department of Community Nutrition, University for Development Studies, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, P.O. Box 1883, Tamale, Ghana	This study examined the impact of Village Savings and Loans Associations introduced by PLAN Ghana in the Sissala West District on the nutritional status of under-five children in the area. The study was carried out in six randomly selected communities (Silbelle, Buoti, Kandia, Zini, Nimoro and Buo), within which this Savings Programme is in operation. The focus areas of the study were; how food is accessed in the study area, contribution of women to household nutrition, nutrition situation in the VSLA households since the inception of the programme, factors that affect nutritional status and also to ascertain the knowledge, beliefs and practices of beneficiary communities on food production, preparations and consumption. Data collected was both quantitative and qualitative and was obtained using semi-structured interview and anthropometry measurement. The result suggested that the institution of Village Savings and Loans Associations has resulted in better nutrition and health of children in the beneficiaries' households. It is recommended that the NGO (PLAN GHANA) should expand the coverage of the programme to more communities in the district. The recommendations also implored policy makers to design favourable policies on microfinance programmes in general. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2014.	Africa; Food insecurity; Health; Nutrition	adolescent; adult; anthropometric parameters; Article; female; food industry; food insecurity; food intake; food processing; Ghana; health economics; health program; human; information processing; male; malnutrition; nutritional status; questionnaire; sampling; semi structured interview	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84894436876	Impact of improved maize adoption on welfare of farm households in Malawi: A panel data analysis	Bezu S., Kassie G.T., Shiferaw B., Ricker-Gilbert J.	2014	World Development	59	None	10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.01.023	Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Scarborough, Canada; International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Partnership for Economic Policy, Nairobi, Kenya; Purdue University, West Lafayette, United States	Bezu, S., Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Scarborough, Canada; Kassie, G.T., International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Shiferaw, B., Partnership for Economic Policy, Nairobi, Kenya; Ricker-Gilbert, J., Purdue University, West Lafayette, United States	This paper assesses rural households' decision to use improved maize varieties in Malawi and examines its impact on household welfare using a three-year household panel data. The distributional effect of maize technology adoption is investigated by looking at impacts across wealth and gender groups. We applied control function approach and IV regression to control for possible endogeneity of input subsidy and area under improved maize. We found that area under improved maize varieties is positively correlated with own maize consumption, income and asset holdings. We found evidence that improved maize adoption has a stronger impact on welfare of poorer households. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.	Africa; Food security; Improved maize; Input subsidy; Malawi; Technology adoption	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33749380087	Foreign direct investment in Africa: Performance, challenges, and responsibilities	Dupasquier C., Osakwe P.N.	2006	Journal of Asian Economics	17	2	10.1016/j.asieco.2005.07.002	UN Economic Commission for Africa, P.O. Box 3005, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Dupasquier, C., UN Economic Commission for Africa, P.O. Box 3005, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Osakwe, P.N., UN Economic Commission for Africa, P.O. Box 3005, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	This paper examines the performance, promotion, and prospects for foreign direct investment (FDI) in Africa. Factors such as political and macroeconomic instability, low growth, weak infrastructure, poor governance, inhospitable regulatory environments, and ill-conceived investment promotion strategies, are identified as responsible for the poor FDI record of the region. The paper stresses the need for more trade and investment relations between Africa and Asia. It also argues that countries in the region should pay more attention to the improvement of relations with existing investors and offer them incentives to assist in marketing domestic investment opportunities to potential foreign investors. Finally, the paper argues that the current wave of globalization sweeping through the world has intensified the competition for FDI among developing countries. Consequently, concerted efforts are needed at the national, regional, and international levels in order to attract significant investment flows to Africa and improve the prospects for sustained growth and development. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	Africa; Foreign direct investment; Promotion; Responsibilities	None	None
WoS	WOS:000300869600003	How Can Micro and Small Enterprises in Sub-Saharan Africa Become More Productive? The Impacts of Experimental Basic Managerial Training	Iddrisu, Alhassan,Mano, Yukichi,Sonobe, Tetsushi,Yoshino, Yutaka	2012	WORLD DEVELOPMENT	40	3	10.1016/j.worlddev.2011.09.013	The World Bank, FASID, Minist Finance & Econ Planning, Natl Grad Inst Policy Studies GRIPS	"Yoshino, Yutaka: The World Bank",	The vast majority of micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in developing countries are located in industrial clusters, and the majority of such clusters have yet to see their growth take off. The performance of MSE clusters is especially low in Sub-Saharan Africa. While existing studies often attribute the poor performance to factors outside firms, problems within firms are seldom scrutinized. In fact, entrepreneurs in these clusters are unfamiliar with standard business practices. Based on a randomized experiment in Ghana, this study demonstrates that basic-level management training improves business practices and performance. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Africa,GHANA,"INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT","management training","RANDOMIZED EXPERIMENT","survival clusters",CLUSTER,DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES,FAILURE,FIRMS,INDUSTRIALIZATION,INDUSTRY,MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES,PERFORMANCE,VALLEY	None	None
None	None	Does globalisation impact SME development in Africa?	Mutalemwa D.K.	2015	African Journal of Economic and Management Studies	6	2	10.1108/AJEMS-01-2015-0012	Dar-es-Salaam Campus College, Mzumbe University, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania	Mutalemwa, D.K., Dar-es-Salaam Campus College, Mzumbe University, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania	Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to increase understanding and knowledge of the impact of globalisation on African small and medium enterprise (SME) development. The contribution of SMEs to manufacturing industrialisation can be viewed in the context of the changing setting of globalisation. Globalisation is a description as well as a prescription. It can be broadly defined as closer economic integration as a result of rapid advances in technology, growth of world trade and competition, and policy changes towards economic liberalisation. Globalisation can also pose a challenge on how SMEs in Africa should brace themselves to respond to – and take advantages of – the changes, and carve an appropriate position in the global competitive economy. Design/methodology/approach – The paper reviews and synthesises the eclectic literature and also draws from the experiences of both developed and developing economies. Findings – The evidence from the literature points to several stumbling blocks that prevent African manufacturing SMEs from participating successfully in the global economy. These include problems with exports, technology, competitiveness and inter-firm linkages as well as barriers in the institutional and policy environments. Originality/value – The paper will be useful to businesses, researchers, policy makers, civil society and others interested in understanding the impact of globalisation on manufacturing SME development. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Africa; Globalization; Industrialization; SMEs	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-68049091124	Infrastructure and Growth in South Africa: Direct and Indirect Productivity Impacts of 19 Infrastructure Measures	Fedderke J.W., Bogetić Z.	2009	World Development	37	9	10.1016/j.worlddev.2009.01.008	University of Cape Town and ERSA, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa; World Bank, Washington, DC, United States	Fedderke, J.W., University of Cape Town and ERSA, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Bogetić, Z., World Bank, Washington, DC, United States	Empirical explorations of the growth and aggregate productivity impacts of infrastructure have been characterized by ambiguous (countervailing signs) results with little robustness. This paper, utilizing panel data for South African manufacturing over the 1970-2000 period, and a range of 19 infrastructure measures, explores the question of infrastructure endogeneity in output equations. The paper develops an instrumentation strategy generalizable to other contexts. Controlling for the possibility of endogeneity in the infrastructure measures renders the impact of infrastructure capital not only positive, but of economically meaningful magnitudes. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Africa; growth; infrastructure; productivity; South Africa	capital; economic growth; infrastructure; manufacturing; productivity; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
WoS	WOS:000302027500004	Climate Change Impacts in the Developing World: Implications for Sustainable Development	Brainard, L,Jones, A,Nyong, Anthony,Purvis, N	2009	CLIMATE CHANGE AND GLOBAL POVERTY: A BILLION LIVES IN THE BALANCE	None	None	None	University of Jos, Int Dev Res Ctr	None	None	,AFRICA,"HEALTH SECTOR",MODEL,RISK,VARIABILITY	None	None
WoS	WOS:000290456100010	Impact of implementation of free high-quality health care on health facility attendance by sick children in rural western Kenya	Adazu, Kubaje,Bigogo, Godfrey,Breiman, Robert F.,Buehler, James,Burgert, Clara R.,Feikin, Daniel R.,Hamel, Mary J.,Laserson, Kayla,Odhiambo, Frank	2011	TROPICAL MEDICINE &amp; INTERNATIONAL HEALTH	16	6	10.1111/j.1365-3156.2011.02752.x	Emory University, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr	"Buehler, James: Emory University","Burgert, Clara R.: Emory University",	P&gt;Objectives To explore whether implementation of free high-quality care as part of research programmes resulted in greater health facility attendance by sick children. Methods As part of the Intermittent Preventive Treatment for Malaria in Infants (IPTi), begun in 2004, and population-based infectious disease surveillance (PBIDS), begun in 2005 in Asembo, rural western Kenya, free high-quality care was offered to infants and persons of all ages, respectively, at one Asembo facility, Lwak Hospital. We compared rates of sick-child visits by children &lt; 10 years to all seven Asembo clinics before and after implementation of free high-quality care in 10 intervention villages closest to Lwak Hospital and 8 nearby comparison villages not participating in the studies. Incidence rates and rate ratios for sick-child visits were compared between intervention and comparison villages by time period using Poisson regression. Results After IPTi began, the rate of sick-child visits for infants, the study's target group, in intervention villages increased by 191% (95% CI 75-384) more than in comparison villages, but did not increase significantly more in older children. After PBIDS began, the rate of sick-child visits in intervention villages increased by 267% (95% CI 76-661) more than that in comparison villages for all children &lt; 10 years. The greatest increases in visit rates in intervention villages occurred 3-6 months after the intervention started. Visits for cough showed greater increases than visits for fever or diarrhoea. Conclusions Implementation of free high-quality care increased healthcare use by sick children. Cost and quality of care are potentially modifiable barriers to improving access to care in rural Africa.	Africa,"HEALTH SYSTEMS","health utilization",DETERMINANTS,MALARIA,MANAGEMENT,"MORBIDITY SURVEILLANCE",MORTALITY,PATTERNS,SEEKING,SERVICES,TANZANIA,VISITS	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84875329055	Rates and impact of hepatitis on human immunodeficiency virus infection in a large African cohort	Gwamzhi Ladep N., Aladi Agaba P., Agbaji O., Muazu A., Ugoagwu P., Imade G., Cooke G., McCormack S., Taylor-Robinson S.D., Idoko J., Kanki P.	2013	World Journal of Gastroenterology	19	10	10.3748/wjg.v19.i10.1602	Section of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital Campus, London W2 1NY, United Kingdom; AIDS Prevention Initiative in Nigeria, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos 930001, Nigeria; MRC Clinical Trials Unit, Londo	Gwamzhi Ladep, N., Section of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital Campus, London W2 1NY, United Kingdom; Aladi Agaba, P., AIDS Prevention Initiative in Nigeria, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos 930001, Nigeria; Agbaji, O., AIDS Prevention Initiative in Nigeria, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos 930001, Nigeria; Muazu, A., AIDS Prevention Initiative in Nigeria, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos 930001, Nigeria; Ugoagwu, P., AIDS Prevention Initiative in Nigeria, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos 930001, Nigeria; Imade, G., AIDS Prevention Initiative in Nigeria, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos 930001, Nigeria; Cooke, G., Section of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital Campus, London W2 1NY, United Kingdom; McCormack, S., MRC Clinical Trials Unit, London, London NW1 2DA, United Kingdom; Taylor-Robinson, S.D., Section of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital Campus, London W2 1NY, United Kingdom; Idoko, J., AIDS Prevention Initiative in Nigeria, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos 930001, Nigeria, National Agency for the Control of AIDS, Central Business District, Abuja 905001, Nigeria; Kanki, P., Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115-5810, United States	AIM: To determine the rates and impact of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections on response to long-term highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in a large human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) population in Nigeria. METHODS: HBV and HCV as well as HIV infections are endemic in sub Saharan Africa. This was a retrospective cohort study of 19 408 adults who were recruited between June 2004 and December 2010 in the AIDS Prevention Initiative in Nigeria in Nigeria programme at Jos University Teaching Hospital. Serological assays, including HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis C antibody were used to categorise hepatitis status of the patients. HBsAg was determined using enzyme immunoassay (EIA) (Monolisa HBsAg Ultra3; Bio-Rad). HCV antibody was tested using third generation EIA (DIA.PRO Diagnostic, Bioprobes srl, Milan, Italy). HIV RNA levels were measured using Roche COBAS Amplicor HIV-1 monitor test version 1.5 (Roche Diagnostics, GmbH, Mannheim, Germany) with a detection limit of 400 copies/mL. Flow cytometry was used to determine CD4+ cell count (Partec, GmbH Munster, Germany). Comparison of categorical and continuous variables were achieved using Pearson's χ 2 and Kruskal Wallis tests respectively, on MedCalc for Windows, version 9.5.0.0 (MedCalc Software, Mariakerke, Belgium). RESULTS: With an overall hepatitis screening rate of over 90% for each virus; HBV, HCV and HBV/HCV were detected in 3162 (17.8%), 1983 (11.3%) and 453 (2.5%) HIV infected adults respectively. The rate of liver disease was low, but highest among HIV monoinfected patients (29, 0.11%), followed by HBV coinfected patients (15, 0.08%). Patients with HBV coinfection and triple infection had higher log10 HIV RNA loads (HBV: 4.6 copies/mL vs HIV only: 4.5 copies/mL, P &lt; 0.0001) and more severe immune suppression (HBV: 645, 55.4%; HBV/HCV: 97, 56.7%) prior to initiation of HAART compared to HIV mono-infected patients (1852, 48.6%) (P &lt; 0.0001). Of 3025 patients who were 4.4 years on HAART and whose CD4 cell counts results at baseline and end of follow up were available for analyses, CD4 increase was significantly lower in those with HBV co-infection (HBV: 144 cells/ mm3; HBV/HCV: 105 cells/mm3) than in those with HCV co-infection (165 cells/mm3) and HIV mono-infection (150 cells/mm3) (P = 0.0008). CONCLUSION: High rates of HBV and HCV infections were found in this HIV cohort. CD4 recovery was significantly diminished in patients with HBV co-infection. © 2013 Baishideng. All rights reserved.	Africa; Hepatitis b; Hepatitis c; Human immunodeficiency virus; Liver disease	hepatitis B surface antigen; hepatitis C antibody; virus RNA; adolescent; adult; Africa; article; CD4 lymphocyte count; controlled study; enzyme immunoassay; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; female; flow cytometry; follow up; hepatitis B; hepatitis C; highly active antiretroviral therapy; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; liver disease; major clinical study; male; mixed infection; prevalence; retrospective study; screening; serology; virus load; Africa; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis C; Human immunodeficiency virus; Liver disease; Adolescent; Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Biological Markers; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Chi-Square Distribution; Coinfection; Female; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; Hepatitis B, Chronic; Hepatitis C Antibodies; Hepatitis C, Chronic; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nigeria; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; RNA, Viral; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930762222	The performance of higher education research in South Africa: a post-2004 synthesis	Odhiambo N.M., Ntenga L.	2015	Journal of Development Effectiveness	7	2	10.1080/19439342.2014.1002522	Department of Economics, University of South Africa, P.O. Box 392, Unisa, Pretoria, South Africa; Financial and Fiscal Commission (FFC), Private Bag X69, Halfway House, Midrand, South Africa	Odhiambo, N.M., Department of Economics, University of South Africa, P.O. Box 392, Unisa, Pretoria, South Africa; Ntenga, L., Financial and Fiscal Commission (FFC), Private Bag X69, Halfway House, Midrand, South Africa	This paper aims to examine the performance of higher education research in South Africa, since the introduction of the New Funding Formula in 2004. The analysis includes both accredited publication research outputs from peer-reviewed articles and books and master’s and doctoral research outputs (based on the number of graduates). The study also compares the research publication outputs produced by South African researchers with those produced by researchers from other countries. The study shows that there has been an overall increase in both masters’ and doctoral graduates, since the introduction of the New Funding Framework (NFF) in 2004. Similarly, there has been an increase in the number of publications from South African public universities, since the onset of the NFF. The study also finds that, although South Africa’s research publication outputs have increased significantly since 2004, the country’s research publication output growth is still much lower than those reported in countries, such as China, India and Brazil during the same period. This paper, therefore, recommends that further studies should be done in order to ascertain whether the recent increase in higher education research outputs from South Africa is as a result of the country’s NFF; or it is just a common research trend in the current world of knowledge. © 2015 Taylor & Francis.	Africa; higher education; research output; South Africa	higher education; performance assessment; research work; university sector; Brazil; China; India; South Africa	None
WoS	WOS:000302270600009	Meaningful involvement of people living with HIV/AIDS in Uganda through linkages between network groups and health facilities: An evaluation study	Kalibala, Samuel,Kim, Young Mi,Lukwago, John,Neema, Stella,Weiss, Deborah C.	2012	PSYCHOLOGY HEALTH &amp; MEDICINE	17	2	10.1080/13548506.2011.592844	Johns Hopkins University, Hlth Consult Ltd, Makerere Inst Social Res	"Kim, Young Mi: Johns Hopkins University",	While community-based groups are able to provide vital support to people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV), their organizational and technical capacities are limited, and they frequently operate in isolation from PLHIV groups. We evaluated a three-year project implemented by the International HIV/AIDS Alliance in Uganda to increase the involvement of PLHIV in the HIV/AIDS response and to improve access to and utilization of prevention, treatment, care, and support services for households affected by HIV/AIDS. Information sources included project monitoring data, interviews with 113 key informants, and 17 focus group discussions in 11 districts. The evaluation found that PLHIV groups reached large numbers of people with education and awareness activities and made a growing number of referrals to health facilities and community-based services. The project trained individuals living openly with HIV as service providers in the community and at designated health facilities. Their presence helped to reduce the stigma that previously deterred PLHIV from seeking care and encouraged individuals to disclose their HIV status to spouses and family members. The project has put into practice the widely endorsed principles of greater and meaningful involvement of PLHIV in a systematic manner and on a large scale. A wide audience-ranging from grassroots PLHIV networks and AIDS service organizations to national-level non-governmental organizations, government agencies, and international organizations-can benefit from the lessons learned.	Africa,HIV/AIDS,"meaningful involvement of people living with HIV",UGANDA	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84870511768	Impacts and implications of mobile water payments in East Africa	Foster T., Hope R., Thomas M., Cohen I., Krolikowski A., Nyaga C.	2012	Water International	37	7	10.1080/02508060.2012.738409	School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Rural Focus Ltd, Nanyuki, Kenya	Foster, T., School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Hope, R., School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Thomas, M., Rural Focus Ltd, Nanyuki, Kenya; Cohen, I., School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Krolikowski, A., School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Nyaga, C., Rural Focus Ltd, Nanyuki, Kenya	The rapid growth in Africa's mobile communications sector offers new opportunities to address the continent's enduring water service challenges. This paper examines the impacts and implications of mobile water payments in East Africa. Based on interviews with managers from water service providers across four countries and analysis of household survey and billing data from a water supply scheme in Kenya, the study quantifies the impacts of mobile water payments and reveals the factors that drive and curtail customer adoption. Results suggest that if broader behavioural and operational constraints can be overcome, partnerships between mobile network operators and water service providers could lead to more sustainable water service access for inclusive, developmental outcomes. © 2012 Copyright 2012 International Water Resources Association.	Africa; human development; mobile money; revenue collection; urban water services	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84872001751	The impact of routine HIV testing on HIV-related stigma and discrimination in Africa	Durojaye E.	2011	International Journal of Discrimination and the Law	11	4	10.1177/1358229111435735	Community Law Centre, University of Western Cape, South Africa	Durojaye, E., Community Law Centre, University of Western Cape, South Africa	This paper discusses different methods of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing, particularly routine and voluntary HIV testing methods, which have been adopted in response to the HIV epidemic in Africa. It then examines the importance of HIV testing as a tool for the prevention and treatment of infected and affected persons. The paper argues that although routine HIV testing is important in scaling up HIV testing in Africa, it may not necessarily address HIV-related stigma as contended by some commentators. Rather, it is argued that routine HIV testing, as practised in many African countries, may fuel HIV-related stigma and violate individuals' fundamental rights guaranteed in numerous human rights instruments. In conclusion, the paper cautions that any attempt at adopting routine HIV testing in Africa should be tempered with respect for people's human rights. © 2011 The Author(s).	Africa; human rights; Routine HIV testing; stigma and discrimination	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84858316120	Evaluation of high-resolution satellite rainfall products through streamflow simulation in a hydrological modeling of a small mountainous watershed in Ethiopia	Bitew M.M., Gebremichael M., Ghebremichael L.T., Bayissa Y.A.	2012	Journal of Hydrometeorology	13	1	10.1175/2011JHM1292.1	Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States; Rubenstein School of Environmental Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States; Department of Civil Engineering, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Bitew, M.M., Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States; Gebremichael, M., Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States; Ghebremichael, L.T., Rubenstein School of Environmental Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States; Bayissa, Y.A., Department of Civil Engineering, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	This study focuses on evaluating four widely used global high-resolution satellite rainfall products [the Climate Prediction Center's morphing technique (CMORPH) product, the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) near-real-time product (3B42RT), the TMPA method post-real-time research version product (3B42), and the Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks (PERSIANN) product] with a spatial resolution of 0.25° and temporal resolution of 3 h through their streamflow simulations in the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) hydrologic model of a 299-km 2 mountainous watershed in Ethiopia. Results show significant biases in the satellite rainfall estimates. The 3B42RT and CMORPH products perform better than the 3B42 and PERSIANN. The predictive ability of each of the satellite rainfall was examined using a SWAT model calibrated in two different approaches: with rain gauge rainfall as input, and with each of the satellite rainfall products as input. Significant improvements in model streamflow simulations are obtained when the model is calibrated with input-specific rainfall data than with rain gauge data. Calibrating SWAT with satellite rainfall estimates results in curve number values that are by far higher than the standard tabulated values, and therefore caution must be exercised when using standard tabulated parameter values with satellite rainfall inputs. The study also reveals that bias correction of satellite rainfall estimates significantly improves the model simulations. The best-performing model simulations based on satellite rainfall inputs are obtained after bias correction and model recalibration. © 2012 American Meteorological Society.	Africa; Hydrologic models; Rainfall; Satellite observations; Streamflow	calibration; hydrological modeling; numerical model; parameterization; precipitation intensity; raingauge; satellite imagery; spatial resolution; streamflow; temporal variation; TRMM; watershed; Ethiopia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84917739018	The Impact of Information and Communications Technology Infrastructure and Complementary Factors on Intra-African Trade	Bankole F.O., Osei-Bryson K.-M., Brown I.	2015	Information Technology for Development	21	1	10.1080/02681102.2013.832128	Information Systems, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa; Information Systems, Virginia, Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States; Information Systems, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa	Bankole, F.O., Information Systems, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa, Information Systems, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa; Osei-Bryson, K.-M., Information Systems, Virginia, Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States; Brown, I., Information Systems, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa	Trade is one of the cornerstones of socio-economic development for Africa. Intra-continental trade stimulates productive capacity and competitiveness in nations through exposing domestic industries to competition. The purpose of this study was to investigate how information and communications technology (ICT) infrastructure impacts on intra-African trade, taking into account other relevant factors that also influence trade such as Institutional Quality and Educational Attainment. Archival data about Telecommunications Infrastructure (a key indicator of ICT infrastructure), Institutional Quality and Educational Attainment and Trade Flows (Export and Import) from 28 African countries were used as empirical evidence. The research employed structural equation modeling with partial least squares to analyze data. The empirical analysis shows that the Telecommunications Infrastructure has a major impact on intra-African trade. Interacting factors such as Institutional Quality and Educational Attainment also play a role in influencing intra-African trade. © 2013, Commonwealth Secretariat.	Africa; ICT infrastructure; structural equation model; trade	None	None
WoS	WOS:000342246100024	Impact of Information and Communication Technology-Based Market Information Services on Smallholder Farm Input Use and Productivity: The Case of Kenya	Ogutu, Sylvester Ochieng,Okello, Julius Juma,Otieno, David Jakinda	2014	WORLD DEVELOPMENT	64	None	10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.06.011	University of Nairobi	"Otieno, David Jakinda: University of Nairobi",	Information asymmetry has traditionally constrained smallholder farmers' access to markets, consequently limiting their adoption of modern technologies and farm productivity. Improved smallholder farmers' access to markets via the recent Information and Communication Technology (ICT) platforms has the potential to reverse this scenario. This study uses Propensity Score Matching (PSM) technique to evaluate the impact of an ICT-based market information services (MIS) project on farm input use and productivity in Kenya. It finds a positive and significant impact of the intervention on the use of seeds, fertilizers, land, and labor productivity. However, a negative impact on labor usage is found. (c) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Africa,ICT,KENYA,"market access",productivity,"propensity score matching",ADOPTION,"PROPENSITY SCORE"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33751017408	Impact of sustained use of insecticide-treated bednets on malaria vector species distribution and culicine mosquitoes	Lindblade K.A., Gimnig J.E., Kamau L., Hawley W.A., Odhiambo F., Olang G., Ter Kuile F.O., Vulule J.M., Slutsker L.	2006	Journal of Medical Entomology	43	2	10.1603/0022-2585(2006)043[0428:IOSUOI]2.0.CO;2	Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States; CDC/HHS, AE Guatemala Unit 3321, APO AA 34024, Guatemala; Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 54840, Nairobi, Kenya; Centre for Vector Biology and Control Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 1578, Kisumu, Kenya; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, United Kingdom	Lindblade, K.A., Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States, CDC/HHS, AE Guatemala Unit 3321, APO AA 34024, Guatemala; Gimnig, J.E., Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States; Kamau, L., Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 54840, Nairobi, Kenya; Hawley, W.A., Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States; Odhiambo, F., Centre for Vector Biology and Control Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 1578, Kisumu, Kenya; Olang, G., Centre for Vector Biology and Control Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 1578, Kisumu, Kenya; Ter Kuile, F.O., Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, United Kingdom; Vulule, J.M., Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 54840, Nairobi, Kenya; Slutsker, L., Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States, Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 54840, Nairobi, Kenya	Insecticide-treated bednets (ITNs) significantly reduce malaria vector populations. Susceptibility to ITNs differs by vector species, and culicine mosquitoes have not been shown to be significantly affected by the use of ITNs. We examined the impact of 2-4 yr of ITN use on malaria vector species distribution and culicine mosquitoes. Routine entomological surveillance was conducted in adjacent areas with and without ITNs from November 1999 to January 2002. Use of ITNs reduced the proportion of Anopheles gambiae Giles relative to Anopheles arabiensis Giles. The number of culicines per house was significantly lower in the ITN area than in the neighboring area. Changes in the An. gambiae sibling species distribution may help to explain apparent mosquito behavioral changes attributed to ITNs. Reductions in culicines by ITNs may have implications for community perceptions of ITN effectiveness and for control of other diseases such as lymphatic filariasis.	Africa; Insecticide-treated bednets; Malaria	insecticide; permethrin; animal; article; bed; blood; comparative study; demography; disease carrier; drug effect; female; Kenya; malaria; methodology; mosquito; parasitology; physiology; population density; sporozoite; time; Animals; Bedding and Linens; Blood; Culicidae; Demography; Female; Insect Vectors; Insecticides; Kenya; Malaria; Mosquito Control; Permethrin; Population Density; Sporozoites; Time Factors; Anopheles arabiensis; Anopheles gambiae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84857544257	Geostatistical inversion for 3D confidence evaluation of facies prediction: A Gulf of Guinea example	Araman A., Cadoret T., Pernia L., Minken D., Moyen R.	2011	SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts	30	1	10.1190/1.3627539	Total E and P, France; Total Upstream Nigeria Limited, Nigeria; CGG Veritas, France	Araman, A., Total E and P, France; Cadoret, T., Total E and P, France; Pernia, L., Total E and P, France; Minken, D., Total Upstream Nigeria Limited, Nigeria; Moyen, R., CGG Veritas, France	We use lithoseismic classification on geostatistical inverted seismic data to access multiple realizations of lithofacies attribute cubes. We study the variability of predicted lithofacies values to compute in 3D a confidence attribute cube. This confidence cube helps the interpreter to evaluate the robustness of a predicted lithofacies value at any point for further reservoir model building. As a result, a case study on a Gulf of Guinea dataset led to a probabilistic characterization of the connectivity between producing intervals. © 2011 Society of Exploration Geophysicists.	Africa; Inversion; Lithology; Reservoir characterization; Statistical	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84907055208	The impact of visual impairment on health-related quality of life in rural Africa	Briesen S., Roberts H., Finger R.P.	2014	Ophthalmic Epidemiology	21	5	10.3109/09286586.2014.950281	MVZ Jung-Stilling Hospital, Ziegeleistr. 27, Siegen, Germany; Kwale District Eye Centre, Mombasa, Kenya; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia	Briesen, S., MVZ Jung-Stilling Hospital, Ziegeleistr. 27, Siegen, Germany, Kwale District Eye Centre, Mombasa, Kenya; Roberts, H., Kwale District Eye Centre, Mombasa, Kenya; Finger, R.P., Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany, Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia	Purpose: To assess the impact of visual impairment (VI) on utility values in Sub-Saharan Africa and compare findings with other studies from low- and high-income countries. Methods: Patients with normal vision and various levels of VI were recruited from a secondary eye clinic in rural Kenya and interviewed using time trade-off (TTO). VI was classified using the World Health Organization definition of (normal vision, visual acuity ≥20/60, VI 20/80-20/200, severe VI 20/240-20/400, and blindness <20/400). Results: Mean age of the total sample (N=303) was 50.3 years (standard deviation, SD, ±18.17 years), and 51.5% of patients were male. Most were small-scale farmers and illiteracy was high at 40%. Mean TTO scores per group were: normal vision 0.93 (SD±0.10), VI 0.88 (SD±0.14), severe VI 0.86 (SD±0.13), blindness 0.73 (SD±0.17; p≤0.001). Lower TTO scores were independently associated with worse visual acuity (p≤0.001), longer duration of disease (p≤0.001) and illiteracy (p=0.011), but not with cause of VI, age, sex, marital status, socioeconomic status, or systemic comorbidities in multivariate analyses. Overall, TTO scores were considerably higher than those reported from high-income countries at similar levels of VI. Conclusion: In this rural African population, duration and extent of vision loss, rather than cause, socioeconomic factors and comorbidities affected vision-related quality of life. Our findings underline the importance of providing sight-restoring treatment as timely as possible and the necessity of enhancing rehabilitation efforts for those with non-curable eye diseases. © Informa Healthcare USA, Inc.	Africa; Kenya; Time trade-off; Utilities; Visual impairment	adult; age; aged; agricultural worker; amblyopia; Article; blindness; cataract; comorbidity; controlled study; cornea disease; developed country; disease duration; female; gender; glaucoma; human; interview; Kenya; life expectancy; lowest income group; major clinical study; male; marriage; mathematical and statistical procedures; optic nerve injury; quality of life; reading; refraction error; retina disease; rural population; social status; time trade off; vision; visual acuity; visual impairment; adolescent; devices; epidemiology; health status; middle aged; patient; physiology; psychology; psychometry; rural population; Sickness Impact Profile; South Africa; statistics and numerical data; very elderly; visual disorder; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Health Status; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Psychometrics; Quality of Life; Rural Population; Sickness Impact Profile; South Africa; Vision Disorders; Visual Acuity; Visually Impaired Persons	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84862255906	The results of treatment of children with metastatic Wilms tumours (WT) in an African setting: Do liver metastases have a negative impact on survival?	Aronson D.C., Maharaj A., Sheik-Gafoor M.H., Hadley G.	2012	Pediatric Blood and Cancer	59	2	10.1002/pbc.24080	Department of Paediatric Surgery, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban, South Africa	Aronson, D.C., Department of Paediatric Surgery, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban, South Africa; Maharaj, A., Department of Paediatric Surgery, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban, South Africa; Sheik-Gafoor, M.H., Department of Paediatric Surgery, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban, South Africa; Hadley, G., Department of Paediatric Surgery, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban, South Africa	Background: From Africa, where socio-economic circumstances differ from the developed world, there are no data regarding the influence of liver metastases on survival of children with Wilms tumour. Procedure: One hundred fifty new patients with WT were seen between 2002 and 2010, 45 (30%) had metastases at diagnosis. Seven patients had bilateral disease with additional visceral metastases. Nine patients who developed liver metastases during treatment were excluded. The site of metastases and the results of pretreatment biopsies were retrieved. Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy was combined with nutritional resuscitation, and aggressive supportive care. Post-operative treatment was determined by stage and histology. Results: Liver metastases were present in 19 (42%) patients but were the sole metastatic site in only 4 (9%). Overall survival at 5 years was 58.5%. Event Free Survival was 54%. Thirty-three (73%) had favourable histology, nine unfavourable and undetermined in three. No influence of histology on outcome was evident. Three patients had resection of persistent liver metastases. The pattern of metastatic disease had no influence on outcome. Despite aggressive supportive care two patients (4%) died within a week of presentation. Two patients died of chemotoxicity and two of complications following biopsy. Eight patients (17%) were lost to follow-up of whom five were on palliative treatment only. Conclusions: In Africa liver metastases do not appear to worsen the prognosis of children with Stage IV WT. Despite the poor socio-economic circumstances survival is comparable to other countries. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc..	Africa; Liver metastases; Metastatic disease; Prognosis; Wilms tumour	adjuvant chemotherapy; Africa; anaplastic carcinoma; article; cancer palliative therapy; cancer prognosis; cancer staging; cancer survival; child; clinical article; event free survival; female; histology; human; infant; liver metastasis; lung metastasis; male; nephroblastoma; newborn; nutritional support; overall survival; preschool child; priority journal; school child; teratoma; Child; Child, Preschool; Combined Modality Therapy; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Kidney Neoplasms; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Neoplasm Staging; Prognosis; Prospective Studies; Survival Rate; Wilms Tumor	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84947574256	Public health impact after the introduction of PsA-TT: The first 4 years	Diomandé F.V.K., Djingarey M.H., Daugla D.M., Novak R.T., Kristiansen P.A., Collard J.-M., Gamougam K., Kandolo D., Mbakuliyemo N., Mayer L., Stuart J., Clark T., Tevi-Benissan C., Perea W.A., Preziosi M.-P., La Force F.M., Caugant D., Messonnier N., Walk	2015	Clinical Infectious Diseases	61	None	10.1093/cid/civ499	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA, United States; Inter-country Support Team for West Africa, World Health Organization, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Centre de Support en Santé International, N'Djamena, Chad; World	Diomandé, F.V.K., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA, United States, Inter-country Support Team for West Africa, World Health Organization, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Djingarey, M.H., Inter-country Support Team for West Africa, World Health Organization, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Daugla, D.M., Centre de Support en Santé International, N'Djamena, Chad; Novak, R.T., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA, United States; Kristiansen, P.A., World Health Organization, Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Meningococci, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway; Collard, J.-M., Centre de Recherche Médicale et Sanitaire, Niamey, Nigeria; Gamougam, K., Centre de Support en Santé International, N'Djamena, Chad; Kandolo, D., Inter-country Support Team for West Africa, World Health Organization, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Mbakuliyemo, N., Inter-country Support Team for West Africa, World Health Organization, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Mayer, L., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA, United States; Stuart, J., Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom; Clark, T., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA, United States; Tevi-Benissan, C., World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo; Perea, W.A., Department of Pandemic and Epidemic Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; Preziosi, M.-P., Meningitis Vaccine Project, PATH, Ferney-Voltaire, France, Meningitis Vaccine Project, Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; La Force, F.M., Serum Institute of India, Ltd., Pune, India; Caugant, D., Centre de Recherche Médicale et Sanitaire, Niamey, Nigeria; Messonnier, N., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA, United States; Walker, O., Inter-country Support Team for West Africa, World Health Organization, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Greenwood, B., World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo	Background. During the first introduction of a group A meningococcal vaccine (PsA-TT) in 2010-2011 and its rollout from 2011 to 2013, >150 million eligible people, representing 12 hyperendemic meningitis countries, have been vaccinated. Methods. The new vaccine effectiveness evaluation framework was established by the World Health Organization and partners. Meningitis case-based surveillance was strengthened in PsA-TT first-introducer countries, and several evaluation studies were conducted to estimate the vaccination coverage and to measure the impact of vaccine introduction on meningococcal carriage and disease incidence. Results. PsA-TT implementation achieved high vaccination coverage, and results from studies conducted showed significant decrease of disease incidence as well as significant reduction of oropharyngeal carriage of group A meningococci in vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals, demonstrating the vaccine's ability to generate herd protection and prevent group A epidemics. Conclusions. Lessons learned from this experience provide useful insights in how to guide and better prepare for future new vaccine introductions in resource-limited settings. © 2015 World Health Organization; licensee Oxford Journals.	Africa meningitis belt; disease incidence; meningococcal group A; PsA-TT; vaccine evaluation framework	group A meningococcal conjugate vaccine; Meningococcus vaccine; unclassified drug; Article; bacterium carrier; clinical effectiveness; cost benefit analysis; disease transmission; drug efficacy; epidemic meningitis; evaluation study; group A meningococcus; health impact assessment; health survey; human; immunity; incidence; infection prevention; Neisseria meningitidis; oropharynx; priority journal; public health; vaccination; world health organization	None
None	None	Wildlife Conservation in Zambia: Impacts on Rural Household Welfare	Richardson R.B., Fernandez A., Tschirley D., Tembo G.	2012	World Development	40	5	10.1016/j.worlddev.2011.09.019	Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States; United Nations World Food Programme, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States; University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia	Richardson, R.B., Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States; Fernandez, A., United Nations World Food Programme, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Tschirley, D., Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States; Tembo, G., University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia	We investigate the impact of wildlife conservation policies in Zambia on household welfare in game management areas (GMAs), which are buffer zones around national parks. Analysis of data from a nationwide survey of rural households shows that GMAs are positively associated with household income and crop damage from wildlife conflicts. Gains and damages were greatest among households in GMAs with greater wildlife diversity, with net gains relatively greater for wealthier households. Households in prime (well stocked) GMAs were more likely to participate in off-farm wage and self-employment compared to other rural households, but they were also more likely to suffer crop losses related to wildlife conflicts. The findings suggest that wildlife conservation and tourism development can contribute to pro-poor development, but may be sustainable only if human-wildlife conflicts are minimized or compensated. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.	Africa; National parks; Rural development; Wildlife conservation; Zambia	buffer zone; conservation management; household survey; national park; nature conservation; rural development; self employment; sustainability; tourism development; wage; welfare impact; wildlife management; Zambia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84871397956	Race and the anxieties of cultural obscurity: Meditations on blackness in South African performance and video art	Makhubu N.	2013	International Journal of Cultural Studies	16	1	10.1177/1367877912441432	Fine Art Department, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa	Makhubu, N., Fine Art Department, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa	The focus on politically circumscribed identities in South African visual arts during the first decade of the post-Apartheid era (1994-2004) illuminated key tensions in the process of transformation. The arts practice, in general, seemed to respond directly to social imbalances that were established through Apartheid and roused significant discussions around issues of power with regard to racial and gender identity constructions. Arguably, the 'second wave' after the first decade propagates a Post-Race sentiment. This article seeks to discuss issues around terms such as Post-Race and Post-Black. I use performance and video art (or new media) as indicative of a change in general perceptions about race, art and transformation in South African cultural practices. Although the term 'Post-Black' has not been used to define a specific South African movement or aesthetic, here I juxtapose it with the term 'Post-Race' to map out similarities in thought about Blackness in general. © The Author(s) 2012.	African; Black art; performance; Post-Black; race; transformation; video	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-38849188684	Growth performance of rats fed raw and extruded African breadfruit-based complementary diets: A response surface analysis	Nwabueze T.U.	2008	Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture	88	3	10.1002/jsfa.3116	Department of Food Science and Technology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P. M. B. 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria	Nwabueze, T.U., Department of Food Science and Technology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P. M. B. 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria	BACKGROUND: African breadfruit, from which diverse food forms are produced, is popular in most West African tropical regions. The present study is part of a larger research project aimed at developing appealing, processed, nutritious products from blends of breadfruit, corn and defatted soybean by utilising extrusion cooking using response surface analysis. The study describes the ability or otherwise of raw and extruded African breadfruit-based diets, similar to weaning diets simulated with rats, to support growth of children and infants. RESULTS: Maximum protein efficiency and net protein ratios of 2.22 and 3.69, respectively, were obtained with rats fed diets made from 40 g 100 g -1 African breadfruit + 5 g 100 g-1 corn + 55 g 100 g -1 soybean extradates at 18 mL 100 mL-1 feed moisture and 140 rpm screw speed. It compared favourably with a casein standard and was 54-69% and 42-55% higher than those fed raw diets. CONCLUSION: Extrusion cooking significantly improved the nutritional quality of African bread-fruit-corn- defatted soybean as reflected in their protein efficiency and net protein values. The superiority in protein quality of diet 1 (containing 40 g 100 g -1 breadfruit, 5 g 100 g-1 corn and 55 g 100 g -1 defatted soybean) over the other experimental diets has serious nutritional implication in dietary diversification to address protein-energy malnutrition prevalent in Nigeria and other West African countries especially where African breadfruit is known to be highly cultivated as a food resource. © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry.	African breadfruit; Central composite design; Complementary diets; Extrusion cooking; Net protein ratio; Nutritional study; Protein efficiency ratio; Response surface analysis; Single-screw extruder; Soybean; Treculia africana	Artocarpus altilis; Glycine max; Rattus; Treculia africana; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84855185437	Development and perfonnance evaluation of a dehulling machine for African breadfruit (Treculia africana)	Etoamaihe U.J., Ndubueze K.C.	2010	Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences	5	4	10.3923/jeasci.2010.312.315	Department of Agricultural Engineering, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria	Etoamaihe, U.J., Department of Agricultural Engineering, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria; Ndubueze, K.C., Department of Agricultural Engineering, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria	A motorized African breadfruit seed dehuller was designed, fabricated and tested. Results showed that the machine had a maximum dehulling efficiency of 86% at 225 rpm speed and a maximum dehulling capacity of 176.2 kg h -1 at 425 rpm speed. There were significant effects of speeds on both the dehulling capacity and dehulling efficiency of the machine at 5% level of significance. The dehulling capacity increased with speed while the dehulling efficiency decreased with increased speed. The estimated cost of the machine was N35000 (USD250). © Medwell Journals, 2010.	African breadfruit; Dehuller; Dehulling capacity; Dehulling efficiency; Seed; Vegetable oil	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-25144520135	Evaluation of physico-chemical and sensory qualities of African breadfruit and sweet potato based supplementary foods	Akubor P.I.	2005	Journal of Food Science and Technology	42	4	None	Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal Polytechnic, P.M.B.-1037, Idah, Nigeria	Akubor, P.I., Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal Polytechnic, P.M.B.-1037, Idah, Nigeria	The chemical, physical and sensory characteristics of supplementary foods prepared from the blends of raw (untreated) and fermented sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) flour (SPF) and raw, fermented and germinated African breadfruit (Treculia africana Decene) kernel flour (ABKF) were studied. Fermentation and germination increased the protein but decreased fat and carbohydrate contents of ABKF. Similarly, fermentation increased the protein but not fat, carbohydrate and crude fiber contents of SPF. The protein contents of ABKF and SPF were 17.3% and 2.9%, respectively, and ranged between 14.3 and 16.1% for the blends. All the flour blends showed low bulk density of 0.71-0.77 g/cm3. The water absorption capacity (WAC) of SPF was 164% while that of ABKF was 150%. Fermentation and germination decreased the WAC of ABKF. Fermented SPF had lower WAC than the unfermented sample. A range of 106 to 158% WAC was observed for the blends. The reconstitution index of the blends in boiled water were 88 and 98 ml. Significant differences (p&lt;0.05) were observed in colour, flavour and overall acceptability of the SPF/ABKF based supplementary foods. Blends of raw SPF and raw ABKF, RSPF and fermented ABKF (FABKF); and fermented SPF (FSPF) and ABKF had comparable scores with Cerelac, a reference commercial weaning food, for most of the sensory quality attributes evaluated.	African breadfruit kernel flour; Chemical composition; Fermentation; Germination; Sensory quality; Sweet potato flour	Carbohydrates; Composition; Fermentation; Health care; Nutrition; Physical chemistry; Proteins; Water absorption; African breadfruit kernel flour; Germination; Sensory quality; Sweet potato flour; Food products; Artocarpus altilis; Ipomoea batatas; Treculia africana	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-68649122419	The description and evaluation of an african breath psychotherapeutic workshop	Edwards S.D.	2009	Journal of Psychology in Africa	19	2	None	University of Zululand, South Africa; 3 Antigua, 32 Chartwell Drive, Umhlanga Rocks, 4320, South Africa	Edwards, S.D., University of Zululand, South Africa, 3 Antigua, 32 Chartwell Drive, Umhlanga Rocks, 4320, South Africa	An African breath psychotherapeutic workshop is described and evaluated with a small group of participants (students =9, males = 3, females =6, age range =24 to 59 years, mean age 40.3 years) all of whom were professionally registered psychologists. There were 3 Xhosa, 2 Zulu, 1 Tswana, 2 English and 1 Afrikaans home language speakers. The workshop, which was based on accessing original Spirit through ancestral and personal breath-based spirituality, was called Shiso, an acronym for Spirit, Heart, Image, Soul and Oneness. Findings indicated significant improvement in self-perceived ratings of spirituality on a standardized scale by all participants. Individual student descriptions and focus group discussion indicated some awareness of original Spirit as revealed through subtle breathing experiences invoking the universal and personal ancestral presence of the participants. The experience was meaningfully described in such terms as relaxation, connection, openness, harmony, integration, awareness, amazement, healing and transcendence. Copyright ©2009.	African; Breath; Psychotherapy; Spiritual healing; Spirituality; Workshop	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84920517765	Evaluation of the sensitivity and specificity of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosing brucellosis in African buffalo (syncerus caffer)	Gorsich E.E., Bengis R.G., Ezenwa V.O., Jolles A.E.	2015	Journal of Wildlife Diseases	51	1	10.7589/2013-12-334	Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, 3029 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, OR, United States; Directorate of Animal Health, PO Box 12, Skukuza, South Africa; Odum School of Ecology and Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 501 D. W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA, United States; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, 3029 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, OR, United States	Gorsich, E.E., Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, 3029 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, OR, United States; Bengis, R.G., Directorate of Animal Health, PO Box 12, Skukuza, South Africa; Ezenwa, V.O., Odum School of Ecology and Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 501 D. W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA, United States; Jolles, A.E., Department of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, 3029 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, OR, United States	Brucellosis is a disease of veterinary and public health importance worldwide. In sub- Saharan Africa, where the bacterium Brucella abortus has been identified in several free-ranging wildlife species, successful disease control may be dependent on accurate detection in wildlife reservoirs, including African buffalo (Syncerus caffer). We estimated the sensitivity and specificity of a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (IDEXX Brucellosis Serum Ab test, IDEXX Laboratories, Westbrook, Maine, USA) for B. abortus based on a data set of 571 serum samples from 258 buffalo in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. We defined a pseudogold standard test result as those buffalo that were consistently positive or negative on two additional serologic tests, namely, the rose bengal test (RBT) and the complement fixation test (CFT). The ELISA’s cutoff value was selected using receiver operating characteristics analysis, the pseudogold standard, and a threshold criterion that maximizes the total sensitivity and specificity. Then, we estimated the sensitivity and specificity of all three tests using Bayesian inference and latent class analysis. The ELISA had an estimated sensitivity of 0.928 (95% Bayesian posterior credibility interval [95% BCI]50.869–0.974) and specificity of 0.870 (95% BCI50.836–0.900). Compared with the ELISA, the RBT had a higher estimated sensitivity of 0.986 (95%BCI50.928– 0.999), and both the RBT and CFT had higher specificities, estimated to be 0.992 (95% BCI50.971–0.996) and 0.998 (95% BCI50.992–0.999), respectively. Therefore, no single serologic test perfectly detected the antibody. However, after adjustment of cutoff values for South African conditions, the IDEXX Brucellosis Serum Ab Test may be a valuable additional screening test for brucellosis in Kruger National Park’s African buffalo. © Wildlife Disease Association 2015.	African buffalo; Bayesian; Brucellosis; Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; Latent data; Sensitivity; Specificity	Bacteria (microorganisms); Brucella melitensis biovar Abortus; Syncerus caffer; animal; brucellosis; buffalo; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; procedures; sensitivity and specificity; veterinary; Animals; Brucellosis; Buffaloes; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Sensitivity and Specificity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84919391242	The evaluation of candidate biomarkers of cell-mediated immunity for the diagnosis of Mycobacterium bovis infection in African buffaloes (Syncerus caffer)	Goosen W.J., Cooper D., Warren R.M., Miller M.A., van Helden P.D., Parsons S.D.C.	2014	Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology	162	42433	10.1016/j.vetimm.2014.10.008	DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research/MRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, PO Box 19063, Tygerberg, South Africa; Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife, PO Box 25, Mtubatuba, South Africa	Goosen, W.J., DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research/MRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, PO Box 19063, Tygerberg, South Africa; Cooper, D., Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife, PO Box 25, Mtubatuba, South Africa; Warren, R.M., DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research/MRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, PO Box 19063, Tygerberg, South Africa; Miller, M.A., DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research/MRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, PO Box 19063, Tygerberg, South Africa; van Helden, P.D., DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research/MRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, PO Box 19063, Tygerberg, South Africa; Parsons, S.D.C., DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research/MRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, PO Box 19063, Tygerberg, South Africa	We evaluated commercially available bovine enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and a human IP-10 ELISA to measure IP-10, MIG, MCP-1, MCP-2, MCP-3 and IL1-RA in buffalo plasma in order to identify sensitive markers of the immune response to Mycobacterium bovis-specific peptides. Additionally, we found that all coding mRNA sequences of these cytokines showed very high homology with their homologues in domestic cattle (97-99%) as did the derived amino acid sequences (97-99%). This high sequence homology between cattle and buffaloes supports the use of bovine ELISAs for the detection these cytokines in buffaloes. MCP-1 concentration showed a positive correlation with that of IFN-γ (p=. 0.0077) and appears to occur in far greater abundance in buffaloes when compared to humans. Using a bovine IP-10 ELISA, levels of this cytokine were found to be significantly increased in antigen-stimulated blood samples from M. bovis test positive buffaloes (p < 0.0001) and IP-10 was detected in far greater abundance than IFN-γ. Measurement of IP-10 with this ELISA may prove to be a sensitive marker of M. bovis infection in African buffaloes. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.	African buffalo; Bovine tuberculosis; Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; Interferon gamma; Interferon gamma-induced protein 10	gamma interferon; gamma interferon inducible protein 10; interleukin 1 receptor accessory protein; messenger RNA; monocyte chemotactic protein 1; monocyte chemotactic protein 2; monocyte chemotactic protein 3; biological marker; CXCL9 chemokine; gamma interferon inducible protein 10; interleukin 1 receptor blocking agent; monocyte chemotactic protein; African buffalo; amino acid sequence; Article; blood sampling; bovine tuberculosis; cellular immunity; domestic cattle; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; evaluation study; gene expression assay; immune response; nonhuman; sequence homology; animal; blood; bovine; buffalo; cellular immunity; immunology; microbiology; mycobacteriosis; Mycobacterium bovis; nonparametric test; procedures; veterinary; Bos; Bos taurus; Bovinae; Bubalus; Mycobacterium bovis; Syncerus caffer; Animals; Biological Markers; Buffaloes; Cattle; Chemokine CXCL10; Chemokine CXCL9; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Immunity, Cellular; Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; Monocyte Chemoattractant Proteins; Mycobacterium bovis; Mycobacterium Infections; Statistics, Nonparametric	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-57749181538	Comparative field evaluation of two rapid immunochromatographic tests for the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis in African buffaloes (Syncerus caffer)	Michel A.L., Simões M.	2009	Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology	127	42371	10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.09.025	Bacteriology Section, ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Private Bag x05, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; UTAD (Universidade de Tras-os-Montes e Alto Douro) and ACD (Associacao Ciencia para o Desenvolviment, Portugal	Michel, A.L., Bacteriology Section, ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Private Bag x05, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Simões, M., UTAD (Universidade de Tras-os-Montes e Alto Douro) and ACD (Associacao Ciencia para o Desenvolviment, Portugal	Panels of sera from African buffalo with confirmed bovine tuberculosis and from known uninfected controls were used to evaluate the performance of two commercial rapid chromatographic immunoassays (A and B) for the detection of antibodies to Mycobacterium bovis. The sensitivity was 33% and 23%, respectively, while the specificity was determined at 90% and 94%, respectively. Overall the performance of both diagnostic tests under field conditions was not found sufficiently high to support their use in bovine tuberculosis management and control strategies in South African game reserves. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	African buffalo; Bovine tuberculosis; Immunodiagnosis; Rapid test	animal experiment; animal model; article; buffalo; controlled study; diagnostic test; immunoassay; Mycobacterium bovis; nonhuman; sensitivity and specificity; serodiagnosis; Syncerus caffer; tuberculosis; Animals; Animals, Wild; Antibodies, Bacterial; Buffaloes; Case-Control Studies; Immunoassay; Mycobacterium bovis; Sensitivity and Specificity; South Africa; Tuberculosis; Bovinae; Mycobacterium bovis; Syncerus caffer	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84935090382	Evaluation of antimicrobial potential of a galactose-specific lectin in the skin mucus of african catfish (clarias gariepinus, burchell, 1822) against some aquatic microorganisms	Olayemi O.O., Adenike K., Ayinde A.D.	2015	Research Journal of Microbiology	10	4	10.3923/jm.2015.132.144	Department of Biochemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun, Nigeria; Department of Microbiology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun, Nigeria	Olayemi, O.O., Department of Biochemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun, Nigeria; Adenike, K., Department of Biochemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun, Nigeria; Ayinde, A.D., Department of Microbiology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun, Nigeria	A galactose-specific lectin purified from the skin mucus of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) was tested for antimicrobial activities against microbial pathogens isolated from the catfish pond water with a view to examining the involvement of the protein in the host defense mechanism. Standard methods of microbial isolation and identification were employed and disc-diffusion method was used for the anti-microbial assay. Anti-microbial evaluation of standard antibiotics ampicillin and nystatin were used as comparative study. The microbial load of the fish pond water was high, with highest total bacterial count of 7.1×10<inf>8</inf> CFU mL-1 and fungal count of 6.7×103 CFU mL-1. Twelve bacterial species and 14 fungi species were isolated and identified from the pond water. The lectin specifically agglutinated different Gram-negative bacteria, such as Aeromonas hydrophila, Alcaligenes faecalis, Klebsiella edwardsii and Vibrio metschnikovii but had no effect on Gram-positive bacteria. It inhibited strongly the growth of A. hydrophila, A. faecalis, Bacillus cereus, B. polymyxa, K. pneumoniae, K. edwardsii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and V. metschnikovii. In the same manner, the lectin inhibited the mycelia growth of yeast, Kluyveromyces marxianus and a phytopathogenic fungus, Fusarium oxysporum. The ability of skin mucus lectin to agglutinate and inhibit the growth of bacteria and fungi will make available effective defense mechanism for the African catfish against invading microbes. © 2015 Academic Journals Inc.	African catfish; Agglutination; Antimicrobial; Lectin; Pathogens; Skin mucus	Aeromonas hydrophila; Alcaligenes faecalis; Bacillus cereus; Bacteria (microorganisms); Clarias gariepinus; Fungi; Fusarium oxysporum; Klebsiella; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Kluyveromyces marxianus; Negibacteria; Polymyxa; Posibacteria; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Vibrio metschnikovii	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33644867731	Evaluation of the gill filament-based EROD assay in African sharptooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus) as a monitoring tool for waterborne PAH-type contaminants	Mdegela R., Myburgh J., Correia D., Braathen M., Ejobi F., Botha C., Sandvik M., Skaare J.U.	2006	Ecotoxicology	15	1	10.1007/s10646-005-0041-5	Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3021, Morogoro, Tanzania; Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Veterinary Faculty, University of Eduardo Mondlane, P.O. Box 257, Maputo, Mozambique; Department of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Food Hygiene, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Dep., 0033, P.O. Box 8156, Oslo, Norway; Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Dep., 0033, P.O. Box 8146, Oslo, Norway	Mdegela, R., Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3021, Morogoro, Tanzania; Myburgh, J., Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Correia, D., Veterinary Faculty, University of Eduardo Mondlane, P.O. Box 257, Maputo, Mozambique; Braathen, M., Department of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Food Hygiene, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Dep., 0033, P.O. Box 8156, Oslo, Norway; Ejobi, F., Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Botha, C., Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Sandvik, M., Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Dep., 0033, P.O. Box 8146, Oslo, Norway; Skaare, J.U., Department of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Food Hygiene, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Dep., 0033, P.O. Box 8156, Oslo, Norway, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Dep., 0033, P.O. Box 8146, Oslo, Norway	The ability of African sharptooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in inducing cytochrome P-450 class 1A (CYP1A) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) biomarkers was determined in liver and gill filaments after 4 days of waterborne exposure to the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). Male (n = 6) and female (n = 6) fish were exposed to B[a]P added to the water (30 μg/l) corresponding to 5 mg/kg total body weight. Five female and six male fish, exposed to acetone alone added to the water served as controls. The 7-ethoxyresurufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity was measured in hepatic microsomes and gill filaments. In addition, GST activity was determined in the hepatic cytosolic fraction and fluorescent aromatic compounds (FACs) in bile and biliverdin. Benzo[a]pyrene strongly induced EROD activities in gill filaments of both sex. Levels of FACs per ml of bile were 17-fold higher in exposed fish compared to the controls. Correlations between induction of EROD activities in gill filaments and liver and between induction of EROD activities in gill filaments and levels of biliary FACs metabolites were strong. GST activities in the hepatic cytosolic fraction were similar amongst the treated and control groups. This is the first report on studies determining EROD activities in gill filaments and hepatic tissue, FACs in bile and GST in hepatic tissues of C. gariepinus after waterborne exposure to B[a]P. The findings suggest that the gill filament-based EROD assay in C. gariepinus can be used to monitor the pollution of AhR agonists in aquatic ecosystems in eastern and southern African countries. © 2005 Springer Science + Business Media, Inc.	African catfish; Benzo[a]pyrene; Biomarkers; Clarias gariepinus; Gill and liver EROD assay	acetone; benzo[a]pyrene; biliverdin; biological marker; cytochrome P450 1A; ethoxyresorufin; ethoxyresorufin deethylase; glutathione transferase; liver enzyme; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; resorufin; aquatic ecosystem; biomarker; biomonitoring; fish; PAH; Africa; animal experiment; animal tissue; aquatic environment; article; bile; catfish; controlled study; cytosol; environmental exposure; environmental monitoring; enzyme activity; enzyme assay; enzyme induction; evaluation; female; fluorescence; gill; liver; liver microsome; male; metabolite; nonhuman; priority journal; water pollution; Animals; Bile; Biological Assay; Biological Markers; Catfishes; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1; Environmental Monitoring; Female; Gills; Glutathione Transferase; Liver; Male; Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Animalia; Clarias gariepinus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84859295158	Toxicological evaluation and usefulness of lipid peroxidation as biomarker of exposure to crude oil and petroleum products tested against african catfish, clarias gariepinus and hermit crab, clibanarius africanus	King M.A., Sogbanmu T.O., Osibona A.O., Doherty F., Otitoloju A.A.	2012	Nature Environment and Pollution Technology	11	1	None	Department of Zoology, Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Management Unit, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Biological Sciences, Ya	King, M.A., Department of Zoology, Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Management Unit, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria; Sogbanmu, T.O., Department of Zoology, Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Management Unit, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria; Osibona, A.O., Department of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria; Doherty, F., Department of Biological Sciences, Yaba College of Technology, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria; Otitoloju, A.A., Department of Zoology, Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Management Unit, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria	The toxicological evaluations of crude oil, petrol, kerosene and diesel were carried out against the African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fingerlings and Hermit crab (Clibanarius africanus). On the basis of 96hr LC 50 value, petrol (LC 50 = 2.449 mL/L) was found to be the most toxic followed by diesel (LC50 = 7.839 mL/L), kerosene (LC 50 = 8.095 mL/L), and crude oil (LC 50= 9.355 mL/L) to Clarias gariepinus. For Clibanarius africanus also, petrol (LC 50 = 4.569mL/L) was the most toxic followed by kerosene (LC 50 = 8.705 mL/L), diesel (LC 50 = 13.852 mL/L) and (LC 50 = 35.955 mL/L). On the basis of the computed susceptibility factor, hermit crab was found to be 2x, 2x, 6.1x and slightly more tolerant than catfish when exposed to petrol, diesel, crude oil and kerosene respectively. The results of the lipid peroxidation assay against juveniles of C. gariepinus showed that the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver of fish exposed to sublethal concentrations of all the test chemicals increased significantly when compared to control animals. The observed increase in MDA levels in the liver tissues of test animals exposed to crude oil and refined petroleum products was recommended as a good biomarker for early detection of oil related pollution during biomonitoring programmes.	African catfish; Biomarker; Hermit crab; Lipid peroxidation; Petroleum products; Toxicological evaluation	African catfish; Biomonitoring; Clarias gariepinus; Hermit crab; Lipid peroxidation; Liver tissue; Malondialdehyde; Toxicological evaluation; Aldehydes; Biomarkers; Computer system firewalls; Fish; Gasoline; Kerosene; Oxidative stress; Petroleum products; Petroleum refining; Pollution detection; Shellfish; Tissue; Crude oil; biomarker; biomonitoring; crab; crude oil; lipid; pollution exposure; sublethal effect; teleost; toxicology; Animalia; Clarias gariepinus; Clibanarius; Decapoda (Crustacea)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34447258842	Growth performance body composition, haematology and product quality of the African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fed diets with palm oil	Ochang S.N., Fagbenro O.A., Adebayo O.T.	2007	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	6	5	None	Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, Cross River University of Technology, PMB 102, Ovonum-Obubra, Cross River State, Nigeria; Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Nigeria	Ochang, S.N., Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, Cross River University of Technology, PMB 102, Ovonum-Obubra, Cross River State, Nigeria, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Nigeria; Fagbenro, O.A., Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Nigeria; Adebayo, O.T., Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Nigeria	The replacement value of palm oil for codliver oil in diets for juvenile African catfish (initial weight 24.04 g) was investigated. For 8 weeks, fish were fed experimental diets in which there was either 9% codliver oil (Diet 1), 6% codliver oil, 3% palm oil (Diet 2), 3% codliver oil, 6% palm oil (Diet 3), or 9% palm oil (Diet 4). There were significant differences in body weight gain among all treatments, with fish fed diets 2 and 3 performing better. Fishes fed diets 3 and 4 had significantly higher survival than fish fed diets 1 and 2. Significant differences were recorded in carcass parameters of fish at the end of the feeding trial, with fish fed diets 3 and 4 having higher values. Fish fed diet 2 had higher blood parameters which decreased with increasing level of palm oil in the diet. There was no significant difference in the organoleptic properties of fish fed different dietary treatments and the end of the trial. The results of this study shows that diet with 3% codliver oil, 6% palm oil is nutritionally suitable for feeding the African catfish. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2007.	African catfish; Carcass quality; Haematology; Palm oil; Sensory evaluation	cod liver oil; palm oil; animal experiment; animal food; animal model; article; body composition; body weight; catfish; controlled study; fat intake; food analysis; food composition; food quality; growth rate; hematological parameters; nonhuman; nutritional parameters; nutritional value; survival rate; weight gain; Clarias gariepinus; Pisces	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79952122658	Effects of feed forms and feeding frequency on growth performance and nutrient utilization of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings	Ajani F., Dawodu M.O., Bello-Olusoji O.	2011	African Journal of Agricultural Research	6	2	None	Department of Animal Science and Fisheries Management, Bowen University, P. M. B. 284, lwo, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, Bowen University, Lwo, Nigeria; Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nige	Ajani, F., Department of Animal Science and Fisheries Management, Bowen University, P. M. B. 284, lwo, Nigeria; Dawodu, M.O., Department of Chemistry, Bowen University, Lwo, Nigeria; Bello-Olusoji, O., Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	A 12-week feeding experiment was conducted to determine the optimum feeding frequency and best feed form for the growth and nutrient utilization of African catfish Clarias gariepinus. Three replicate groups of fish (average weight of 3.05± 0.25 g) were fed at 5% body weight using either floating or sinking pellets at different feeding frequencies (three meals a day, two meals a day or one meal a day) in a 2 × 3 factorial experimental design. The mean weight gain and daily feed intake of the fish were not affected significantly by the feed forms; however the fish fed with floating pellets had a slight higher weight gain than those fed with the sinking pellets. The weight gain and daily feed intake of fish fed floating or sinking pellets twice a day and thrice a day were significantly higher than that of the fish fed once in a day (p < 0.05). The feeding frequency did not have any effect on the feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio in the fish fed with sinking pellet but these variables were significantly (p < 0.05) affected in the fish fed once in a day when compared with other feeding frequencies while using floating pellet. The feeding frequencies and feed forms had no significant effect on the protein content of the fish carcass. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were recorded in the lipid content of fish as feeding frequency increases. It is therefore concluded that any of these fish feed forms can be fed at twice or thrice per day effectively for optimum result in the growth of C. gariepinus. © 2011 Academic Journals.	African catfish (Clarias gariepinus); Feed form; Feed frequency; Growth; Nutrient utilization	Clarias gariepinus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79959607322	Evaluation of cooked and mechanically defatted sesame (Sesamum indicum) seed meal as a replacer for soybean meal in the diet of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus)	Jimoh W.A., Aroyehun H.T.	2011	Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences	11	2	10.4194/trjfas.2011.0202	Crescent University, Department of Biological Sciences, Fisheries and Aquaculture Unit, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	Jimoh, W.A., Crescent University, Department of Biological Sciences, Fisheries and Aquaculture Unit, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Aroyehun, H.T., Crescent University, Department of Biological Sciences, Fisheries and Aquaculture Unit, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	A 56-day feeding trial was conducted to assess the replacement value of cooked and mechanically defatted sesame seed meal as dietary replacement of soybean meal in diets of Clarias gariepinus. All diets were prepared to be isonitrogenous, (40% crude protein), isolipidic (12% lipid) and isoenergetic (18 Mj/g). Cooked and mechanically defatted sesame seed meals were used to replace soybean meal at a rate of 0, 25, 50, 75, 100% respectively. The performance of the fish fed sesame seed meal-based test diets was compared to fish fed a soybean meal-based control diets containing 40% crude protein. Each treatment had three replicates using 15 catfish fingerlings per tank with mean initial body weight of 6.37±0.21 g. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in protein productive value, feed intake; specific growth rate, % weight gain and crude deposition between fish fed control diets and fish fed diets containing 25% sesame. Similarly there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in protein productive value, feed intake; specific growth rate, % weight gain and crude deposition between fish fed fish fed diets containing 25% sesame and fish fed diets containing 50% sesame. However, a significant difference (P<0.05) was recorded between fish fed control diets and fish fed other test diets using the above indices. Comparable performance in growth nutrient utilization and carcass crude protein deposition in Clarias gariepinus fed diets with SSM25 and SSM50 showed that these meals could be viable means of improving the cost of fish feeding. © Published by Central Fisheries Research Institute (CFRI) Trabzon, Turkey.	African catfish; Mechanically defatted; Sesame; Soybean meal	Clarias gariepinus; Glycine max; Sesamum indicum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-75149175506	Monitoring the commitment and child-friendliness of governments: A new approach from Africa	Bequele A.	2010	Child Abuse and Neglect	34	1	10.1016/j.chiabu.2009.08.007	The African Child Policy Forum, P.O. Box 1179, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Bequele, A., The African Child Policy Forum, P.O. Box 1179, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Objective: The Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) is generally viewed from an ethical perspective, specifically for its influence and impact on our ethos and the place of children in society. A recent ground-breaking report prepared by The African Child Policy Forum (ACPF) shows conceptually and empirically how the CRC can be used as a tool for planning national action and for monitoring government performance and compliance. This paper reports on the methodology followed, the philosophical and legal foundations, the results of the application and the policy lessons. Method: This work is based on a methodology, the Child-Friendliness Index (CFI), developed by ACPF to analyse and monitor the performance of all 52 African governments. The index is inspired by the CRC's three core principles-Protection, Provision and Participation-and based on over forty policy and child-outcome indicators. Results: The methodology was applied to organise data, assess performance and score and rank all 52 African governments at a point in time and over time. On this basis, the study identifies which governments are child-friendly and which ones are not and why, and what it is that poorly performing governments can do to comply with their international obligations. Conclusions: Two important conclusions emerge from this exercise. The first is the beauty and power of simplicity. Much analysis of government obligations is hampered by the tedious task of having to scan voluminous information and bulky reports. But this CRC-inspired and CRC-based methodology provides a simple but powerful, transparent and objective framework for policy analysis and comparison. Secondly, the African experience confirms that three things matter on the policy front: politics that put children at the centre of public policy; Laws that protect them; and Budgets that provide for their basic needs and full development. Practical implications: ACPF's work provides an approach that governments, advocacy groups and treaty bodies can use to monitor government compliance, to identify areas for progress and to formulate effective pro-children policies. The approach is important and relevant for other regions of the world as it is for Africa. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child; Budgeting; Child rights; Child wellbeing; Child-friendliness; Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC); Governments; Poverty; Protection	Africa; article; bioethics; budget; child advocacy; child rights; child welfare; criminal justice; data analysis; government; health care planning; health care policy; human; human rights; information processing; law enforcement; medicolegal aspect; methodology; scoring system; Africa; Child; Child Abuse; Child Welfare; Cross-Cultural Comparison; Developing Countries; Government Regulation; Humans; Public Policy; Social Conditions; Social Problems; Social Values; United Nations	None
WoS	WOS:000298367300034	An Evaluation of the Clinical Assessments of Under-Five Febrile Children Presenting to Primary Health Facilities in Rural Ghana	Amenga-Etego, Seeba,Baiden, Frank,Bawah, Justina,Bruce, Jane,Chandramohan, Daniel,Delmini, Rupert,Gyaase, Stephaney,Owusu-Agyei, Seth,Tivura, Mathilda,Webster, Jayne	2011	PLOS ONE	6	12	10.1371/journal.pone.0028944	University of London, Kintampo Hlth Res Ctr	"Bruce, Jane: University of London","Chandramohan, Daniel: University of London","Webster, Jayne: University of London",	Background: The shift to test-based management of malaria represents an important departure from established practice under the Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses (IMCI). The possibility of false results of tests for malaria and co-morbidity, however, make it important that guidelines in IMCI case assessment are still followed. Methods and Findings: We conducted a cross-sectional observational study to evaluate current practices in IMCI-based assessment of febrile children in 10 health centres and 5 district hospitals, with follow up of a subset of children to determine day 7-10 post-treatment clinical outcome. Clinical consultation, examination and prescribing practices were recorded using a checklist by trained non-medical observers. The facility case management of 1,983 under-five years old febrile children was observed and 593 followed up at home on days 5-10. The mean number of tasks performed from the 11 tasks expected to be done by the IMCI guidelines was 6 (SD 1.6). More than 6 tasks were performed in only 35% of children and this varied substantially between health facilities (range 3-85%). All 11 tasks were performed in only 1% of children. The most commonly performed tasks were temperature measurement (91%) and weighing (88%). Respiratory rate was checked in only 4% of children presenting with cough or difficulty in breathing. The likelihood of performing "better than average number of tasks" (&gt; 6) was higher when the consultation was done by medical assistants than doctors (O.R. = 3.16, 1.02-9.20). The number of tasks performed during assessment did not, however, influence clinical outcome (O.R. = 1.02, 0.83-1.24). Conclusion: Facility-tailored interventions are needed to improve adherence to IMCI guidelines incorporating test-based management of malaria. Studies are needed to re-evaluate the continued validity of tasks defined in IMCI case assessment guidelines.	,"AFRICAN CHILDREN","CHILDHOOD ILLNESS IMCI",DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES,"INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT",MALARIA,PNEUMONIA,QUALITY,SETTINGS,TANZANIA,WORKERS	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84900388095	The impact of some modes of women liberation to African Christian families: A case of Kagio Town in Kirinyaga County	Kirima P.W.	2014	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	5	5 SPEC. ISSUE	10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n5p	School of Education, Mount Kenya University, Kenya	Kirima, P.W., School of Education, Mount Kenya University, Kenya	The contemporary African Christian family is ideally a harmonious monogamous relation or union between two people of the opposite gender- a male and a female- and is largely nuclear. This family setting has continued to increasingly face a lot of challenges, threatening its well-being and existence. Some of these challenges include: increased cases of divorce, suicidemurder of spouses and children, separations, suicide of children, increased rate of single parenthood, among other concerns. These problems are largely relational in nature and attributed to impossible or problematic relationships between the spouses.Owing to the centrality of the family to the well-being of the society, the cry of an ailing and hurting family cannot be ignored. The African Christian family has encountered many waves of changes and challenges, some which have aimed at making it a better institution and others which have left it maimed and in turmoil. The study is on gender relations in the family and how some modes of women liberation have impacted on the nature of gender relations in the African Christian family and therefore the family as a whole. This study is based in Kagio town in Kirinyaga County. An understanding of the ideal African Christian family, which is an inculturative product of the African and the Christian traditions, is provided.	African; Christian; Gender; Religion; Women	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84864285965	Predictive performance of eGFR equations in South Africans of African and Indian ancestry compared with 99mTc-DTPA imaging	Madala N.D., Nkwanyana N., Dubula T., Naiker I.P.	2012	International Urology and Nephrology	44	3	10.1007/s11255-011-9928-7	King Edward Hospital Renal Clinic, Department of Nephrology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Programme of Bioethics and Medical Law, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Department of Nephrology, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. O. Box 17039, Congella 4013, South Africa	Madala, N.D., King Edward Hospital Renal Clinic, Department of Nephrology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa, Department of Nephrology, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. O. Box 17039, Congella 4013, South Africa; Nkwanyana, N., Programme of Bioethics and Medical Law, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Dubula, T., King Edward Hospital Renal Clinic, Department of Nephrology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Naiker, I.P., King Edward Hospital Renal Clinic, Department of Nephrology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa	Background South African guidelines for early detection and management of chronic kidney disease (CKD) recommend using the Cockcroft-Gault (CG) or Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equations for calculating estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) with the correction factor, 1.212, included for MDRD-eGFR in black patients. We compared eGFR against technetium-99m- diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid ( 99mTc-DTPA) imaging. Methods Using clinical records, we retrospectively recorded demographic, clinical, and laboratory data as well as 99mTc-DTPA-measured GFR (mGFR) results obtained from routine visits. Data from 148 patients of African (n = 91) and Indian (n = 57) ancestry were analyzed. Results Median (IQR) mGFR was 38.5 (44) ml/ min/1.73 m 2, with no statistical difference between African and Indian patients (P = 0. 573). In African patients with stage 3 CKD, MDRD-eGFR (unadjusted for black ethnicity) overestimated mGFR by 5.3% [2.0 (16.0) ml/min/1.73 m 2] compared to CGeGFR and MDRD-eGFR (corrected for black ethnicity) that overestimated mGFR by 17.7% [6.0 (15.0) ml/min/1.73 m 2] and 17.1% [6.0 (17.5) ml/min/ 1.73 m 2], respectively. In stage 1-2, CKD eGFR overestimated mGFR by 52.5, 38.0, and 19.3% for CG, MDRD (ethnicity-corrected), and MDRD (without correction), respectively. In Indian stage 3 CKD patients, MDRD-eGFR underestimated mGFR by 35.6% [-21.0 (6.5) ml/min/1.73 m 2] and CG-eGFR by 4.4% [-2.0 (27.0) ml/min/1.73 m 2], while in stage 1-2 CKD, CG-eGFR and MDRD-eGFR overestimated mGFR by 13.8 and 6.3%, respectively. Conclusion MDRD-eGFR calculated without the African-American correction factor improved GFR prediction in African CKD patients and using the MDRD correction factor of 1.0 in Indian patients as in Caucasians may be inappropriate. © Springer Science+Business Media, B.V. 2011.	African; CKD; Cockcroft-Gault; Glomerular filtration rate; Indian South Africans; MDRD	pentetate technetium tc 99m; adult; analytic method; anthropometry; article; chronic kidney disease; controlled study; creatinine blood level; diabetic nephropathy; diagnostic imaging; disease severity; ethnicity; female; glomerulonephritis; glomerulus filtration rate; human; hypertension; Indian; intermethod comparison; interstitial nephritis; kidney function; kidney polycystic disease; major clinical study; male; medical record review; Modification of Diet in Renal Disease; Negro; plesiomorphy; retrospective study; South Africa; Adult; African Continental Ancestry Group; European Continental Ancestry Group; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Predictive Value of Tests; Radiopharmaceuticals; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Retrospective Studies; South Africa; Statistics, Nonparametric; Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84925393985	Pregnancy related breast diseases in a developing african country: Initial sonographic evaluation	Adeniji-Sofoluwe A.T., Obajimi G.O., Obajimi M.O.	2015	Pan African Medical Journal	20	None	10.11604/pamj.2015.20.239.4830	University of Ibadan, College of Medicine, Department of Radiology and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria; University of Ibadan, College of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria	Adeniji-Sofoluwe, A.T., University of Ibadan, College of Medicine, Department of Radiology and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria; Obajimi, G.O., University of Ibadan, College of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria; Obajimi, M.O., University of Ibadan, College of Medicine, Department of Radiology and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria	Benign diseases are more common than malignant diseases in pregnant and lactating women. Fibroadenomas are the most commonly identified benign breast tumour in pregnant and lactating women. Pregnancy related breast cancer is defined as breast cancer that occurs during pregnancy or within 1 year of delivery. Its incidence is estimated at 1 in 3000 to 1 in 10 000 pregnancies. Several reproductive factors like age at menarche, age at menopause, age at full-term pregnancy, parity, age at any birth and spacing of pregnancies, breast feeding, characteristics of the menstrual cycle, infertility, spontaneous and induced abortions, characteristics of the menstrual cycle and infertility are some of the factors that have been incriminated as risk factors for breast cancer. We sought to describe the predominant breast pattern, sonographic array of pregnancy related breast diseases in women referred to the breast imaging unit in the department of Radiology at the University College Hospital, Ibadan south west Nigeria. Socio-demographic characteristics in these women were also evaluated. Archived images were reviewed and documented and data was analysed with SPSS version 17 and presented with descriptives. In this descriptive study, we retrospectively retrieved the sonomammographic records of 21 women (pregnant or lactating) referred to and imaged in the department of radiology, University college hospital Ibadan, between 2006 and 2013. Diagnostic breast sonograms performed by MO and ATS; Consultant radiologists with 7-10 years' experience utilized a 7-10 MHz transducer of the General electric GE Logiq P5 machine for the scans. Twenty-one women with ages between 22-42 years (Mean 31.4 ±5.4 SD) pregnant or lactating were referred to the radiology department for sonomammographic evaluation. Majority of the women were in the 3rd decade. Referral was mainly (11) by family Physicians from the general outpatient clinic, 5 were self-referred, 2 from radiotherapy department, 2 from obstetrics and gynaecology department and 1 from the surgical outpatient clinic. Nineteen (89.5%) were lactating and breastfeeding while 2 (10.5%) were pregnant. Nipple discharge (89.5%) was the predominant presenting complaint in the study. They were all married with the majority attaining menarche at age 14.6±2.1 SD years. Most of the women were multi-parous 17(89.5%) and possessed higher level of Education 17 (81.0%). Twenty (96.0%) women had no previous breast disease while only 1 (4.0%) woman had a positive family history of breast cancer. They weighed between 44-102kg (mean 69.84kg±15.33SD). Their mean height was 159.8cm. Waist hip ratio was between 0.69-0.93 (Mean 0.83). The heterogeneous fibroglandular pattern was predominant in 15 (71.4%) women. Final BIRADS assessment of 2 was most frequent (11/21) 52.4% while 19.0% were assigned to BIRADS categories 0 and 1 (4/21). Histological diagnosis of Invasive ductal carcinoma was made in the 3 women with final BIRADS of 5 breast diseases found in most pregnant and lactating women were benign. It is important to note that malignant breast lesions can also occur in this group of women who may assume that the changes noted in their breast are due to lactation. © Adenike Temitayo Adeniji-Sofoluwe et al.	African country; Breast; Pregnancy; Sonographic	adult; Africa; Article; body height; body weight; breast carcinoma; breast discharge; breast disease; breast feeding; clinical article; echomammography; educational status; family history; female; histology; human; lactation; married woman; menarche; multipara; patient referral; pregnancy disorder; retrospective study; waist hip ratio	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650022217	Practitioner guidelines for career counselling in light of cross-cultural influences on WAIS-III IQ test performance	Shuttleworth-Edwards A.B.	2010	Journal of Psychology in Africa	20	3	None	Department of Psychology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa	Shuttleworth-Edwards, A.B., Department of Psychology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa	This article consists of two aspects, Including: (i) The delineation of WAIS-III normative date derived from prior research conducted by the present author (Shuttleworth-Edwards et al., 2004) in respect of a black African first language sample in the age range 19-30, stratified for level and quality of education; and (ii) The presentation of two case vignettes in order to illustrate the utility of these norms. The WAIS-III normative scores for the black African first language groups with advantaged education are commensurate with the USA standardization, whereas for black African first language participants with disadvantaged education scores fall in the Borderline Impairedand Low Average ranges for Grade 12s and Graduates, respectively. The two case vignettes highlight the need to take account of such culturally induced performance decrements on the standard administration the WAIS-III, in order to facilitate reality based indications concerning educational and career possibilities. In particular, there is the risk of underestimating potential in black African first language populations with relatively disadvantaged education.	African; Culture; Language; Qualitative; WAIS-III	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77950956880	Endocrine correlates of musth and the impact of ecological and social factors in free-ranging African elephants (Loxodonta africana)	Ganswindt A., Muenscher S., Henley M., Henley S., Heistermann M., Palme R., Thompson P., Bertschinger H.	2010	Hormones and Behavior	57	42465	10.1016/j.yhbeh.2010.02.009	Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa; Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Reproductive Biology Unit, German Primate Centre, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; Applied Behavioural Ecology and Ecosystem Research Unit, School of Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Private Bag X5, Florida 1710, South Africa; Save the Elephants, Transboundary Elephant Research Programme, P.O. Box 960, Hoedspruit 1380, South Africa; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria	Ganswindt, A., Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa, Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa, Reproductive Biology Unit, German Primate Centre, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; Muenscher, S., Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa; Henley, M., Applied Behavioural Ecology and Ecosystem Research Unit, School of Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Private Bag X5, Florida 1710, South Africa, Save the Elephants, Transboundary Elephant Research Programme, P.O. Box 960, Hoedspruit 1380, South Africa; Henley, S., Applied Behavioural Ecology and Ecosystem Research Unit, School of Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Private Bag X5, Florida 1710, South Africa, Save the Elephants, Transboundary Elephant Research Programme, P.O. Box 960, Hoedspruit 1380, South Africa; Heistermann, M., Reproductive Biology Unit, German Primate Centre, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; Palme, R., Department of Biomedical Sciences-Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; Thompson, P., Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa; Bertschinger, H., Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa	Sexual activity in mature male African elephants is predominantly associated with the occurrence of musth, a state or condition which refers to a set of physical, physiological and behavioral characteristics, including an elevation in androgen levels. Although musth appears to be energetically costly, the degree to which it is associated with changes in adrenal endocrine function (e.g., glucocorticoid output) is still unclear. To investigate the possible effect of musth on adrenocortical function, and the impact of socioecological changes on androgen and glucocorticoid levels, six adult African elephant bulls were followed for 13. months in the Kruger National Park, South Africa, and observations and fecal sample collection for endocrine monitoring was carried out about twice weekly. Our data showed that the occurrence of musth was associated with reduced glucocorticoid output, suggesting that musth does not represent a physiological stress mediated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. This confirms previous findings in captive-housed animals, providing evidence for a suppressive effect of the musth condition on adrenocortical activity. Furthermore, a seasonal effect on androgen and glucocorticoid levels was found, which appears to vary depending on the reproductive status of the animal. The results also indicate a relationship between the presence or absence of social partners and changes in testicular and adrenal endocrine activity. Finally, the data confirm previous findings in captive-housed elephants, that an elevation in androgen concentrations usually occurs before the onset of physical musth signs, and therefore support the idea that the change in androgen levels represents the initial stimulus for the musth condition. © 2010 Elsevier Inc.	African elephant; Association; Cortisol; Enzyme immunoassay; Kruger National Park; Loxodonta africana; Male reproduction; Season; Stress; Testosterone	androgen; glucocorticoid; adrenal cortex; adult animal; animal behavior; animal experiment; article; controlled study; ecology; elephant; endocrine system; hypothalamus hypophysis adrenal system; male; musth; nonhuman; priority journal; sexual behavior; social aspect; South Africa; stress; Androgens; Animals; Animals, Wild; Animals, Zoo; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Elephants; Environment; Feces; Female; Glucocorticoids; Male; Seasons; Sexual Behavior, Animal; Social Environment	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84915820624	The impact of male contraception on dominance hierarchy and herd association patterns of African elephants (Loxodonta africana) in a fenced game reserve	Doughty L.S., Slater K., Zitzer H., Avent T., Thompson S.	2014	Global Ecology and Conservation	2	None	10.1016/j.gecco.2014.08.004	Spatial Ecology and Landuse Unit, Oxford Brookes University, Headington Campus, Gipsy Lane, Oxford, United Kingdom; Operation Wallacea, Wallace House, Old Bolingbroke, Lincolnshire, United Kingdom; Space For Elephants Foundation, PO Box 972, Pongola, South Africa; Wildlife and Ecological Investments, Unit 20/21, Fountain Square, 136 Main Road, Somerset West, South Africa	Doughty, L.S., Spatial Ecology and Landuse Unit, Oxford Brookes University, Headington Campus, Gipsy Lane, Oxford, United Kingdom; Slater, K., Operation Wallacea, Wallace House, Old Bolingbroke, Lincolnshire, United Kingdom; Zitzer, H., Space For Elephants Foundation, PO Box 972, Pongola, South Africa; Avent, T., Spatial Ecology and Landuse Unit, Oxford Brookes University, Headington Campus, Gipsy Lane, Oxford, United Kingdom, Wildlife and Ecological Investments, Unit 20/21, Fountain Square, 136 Main Road, Somerset West, South Africa; Thompson, S., Spatial Ecology and Landuse Unit, Oxford Brookes University, Headington Campus, Gipsy Lane, Oxford, United Kingdom	Overpopulation of African elephants (Loxodonta africana) in fenced reserves in South Africa is becoming increasingly problematic to wildlife managers. With growing opposition to culling and the high cost of translocation, alternative management strategies focusing on male elephants are being investigated. In this study, hormonal treatment via Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) suppression, and surgical treatment via vasectomy were trialled. Focusing on behavioural responses, we tested the male dominance hierarchy for transitivity, and examined the rank order of individuals in relation to age and contraceptive treatment received. Additionally, we studied association patterns between males within the male population and with the female herds. Findings suggest that the treatment of one individual with GnRH suppressant is affecting the rank order of the dominance hierarchy, though it is still transitive, yet fluid (Landau's linearity index h= 0.7), as expected in a normal elephant population. Between males, association patterns were found to be weak. However, some males had relatively strong associations with the female herds, with association indices between 0.25 and 0.41. This suggests that the reduction on births is resulting in the males spending atypically large amounts of time with the female herds. The future conservation implications of this population control mechanism are discussed. © 2014 The Authors.	African elephant; Association patterns; Contraception; Dominance; Population control; Social dynamics	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-39749097394	Uptake and performance of farm-based measures for reducing crop raiding by elephants Loxodonta africana among smallholder farms in Laikipia District, Kenya	Graham M.D., Ochieng T.	2008	ORYX	42	1	10.1017/S0030605308000677	Laikipia Elephant Project, Centre for Training and Research in ASAL Development, P.O. Box 144, Nanyuki, Kenya; Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EN, United Kingdom	Graham, M.D., Laikipia Elephant Project, Centre for Training and Research in ASAL Development, P.O. Box 144, Nanyuki, Kenya, Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EN, United Kingdom; Ochieng, T., Laikipia Elephant Project, Centre for Training and Research in ASAL Development, P.O. Box 144, Nanyuki, Kenya	Human-elephant conflict, in particular the damage caused by elephants to smallholder crops, is a major challenge to the conservation of African elephant Loxodonta africana. Conventional tools used to address this problem are capital intensive and require high levels of expertise. In recent years simple, affordable farm-based elephant deterrents, using locally available materials, have been encouraged by a number of human-elephant conflict researchers. There are very few published studies demonstrating the performance of these deterrents, however, and little is known about levels of uptake among smallholder farmers. We trialled a number of such farm-based elephant deterrents with local farmers in three sites within Laikipia District, Kenya. Levels of crop raiding declined after the introduction of treatments but not significantly when compared with control farms. Variable levels of uptake among the participating farmers made it difficult to draw clear conclusions from the trials. However, participating farmers were positive about the deterrent effect of the tools introduced, corroborated by their willingness to make financial commitments towards sustaining future trials. Availability of household labour, local politics, and insecurity were identified as important barriers to uptake of some of the deterrents introduced. Household labour availability should be a key consideration in future endeavours to trial farm-based elephant deterrents. © 2008 Fauna and Flora International.	African elephant; Community-based; Human-elephant conflict; Kenya; Laikipia; Loxodonta africana; Uptake	conflict management; damage; elephant; smallholder; species conservation; willingness to pay; Africa; East Africa; Kenya; Laikipia; Rift Valley; Sub-Saharan Africa; Elephantidae; Loxodonta; Loxodonta africana	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33847633972	The impact of ecological variability on the reproductive endocrinology of wild female African elephants	Wittemyer G., Ganswindt A., Hodges K.	2007	Hormones and Behavior	51	3	10.1016/j.yhbeh.2006.12.013	Save the Elephants, P.O. Box 54667, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California at Berkeley, 137 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States; Department of Reproductive Biology, German Primate Centre, 37077 Goettingen, Germany; Section of Veterinary Wildlife Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, 0110 Onderstepoort, South Africa	Wittemyer, G., Save the Elephants, P.O. Box 54667, Nairobi, Kenya, Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California at Berkeley, 137 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States; Ganswindt, A., Department of Reproductive Biology, German Primate Centre, 37077 Goettingen, Germany, Section of Veterinary Wildlife Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, 0110 Onderstepoort, South Africa; Hodges, K., Department of Reproductive Biology, German Primate Centre, 37077 Goettingen, Germany	Non-invasive endocrine methods enable investigation of the relationship between ecological variation and ovarian activity and how this impacts on demographic processes. The underlying physiological factors driving high variation in inter-calving intervals among multi-parous African elephants offer an interesting system for such an investigation. This study investigates the relationship between Normalized Differential Vegetation Index (NDVI), an ecosystem surrogate measure of primary productivity, and fecal progestin concentrations among wild female elephants. Matched fecal samples and behavioral data on reproductive activity were collected from 37 focal individuals during the two-year study. Linear mixed models were used to explore the relationship between fecal 5α-pregnane-3-ol-20-one concentrations and the independent variables of NDVI, calf sex, female age, gestation day, and time since last parturition. Among both non-pregnant and pregnant females, fecal 5α-pregnane-3-ol-20-one concentrations were significantly correlated with time-specific NDVI indicating a strong relationship between ecological conditions and endocrine activity regulating reproduction. In addition, the age of a female and time since her last parturition impacted hormone concentrations. These results indicate that the identification of an individual's reproductive status from a single hormone sample is possible, but difficult to achieve in practice since numerous independent factors, particularly season, impact fecal hormone concentrations. Regardless of season, however, fecal 5α-pregnane-3-ol-20-one concentrations below 1 μg/g were exclusively collected from non-pregnant females, which could be used as a threshold value to identify non-pregnant individuals. Collectively the information generated contributes to a better understanding of environmental regulation of reproductive endocrinology in wild elephant populations, information salient to the management and manipulation of population dynamics in this species. © 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	African elephant; Demography; Ecology; Feces; Hormone; NDVI; Non-invasive; Population management; Progestogens; Reproduction	3beta hydroxy 5alpha pregnan 20 one; animal experiment; article; behavior; birth; controlled study; demography; ecosystem restoration; elephant; endocrine function; evolutionary adaptation; feces analysis; female; genital system; gestation period; groups by age; hormone blood level; independent variable; multipara; nonhuman; ovary function; priority journal; productivity; reproduction; seasonal variation; sex ratio; statistical model; vegetation dynamics; 5-alpha-Dihydroprogesterone; Animals; Animals, Wild; Ecosystem; Elephants; Feces; Female; Gestational Age; Male; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Animal; Reproduction; Seasons	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-50049090036	Effective population size dynamics reveal impacts of historic climatic events and recent anthropogenic pressure in African elephants	Okello J.B.A., Wittemyer G., Rasmussen H.B., Arctander P., Nyakaana S., Douglas-Hamilton I., Siegismund H.R.	2008	Molecular Ecology	17	17	10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.03871.x	Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Environment and Natural Resources, Makerere University, PO Box 7298, Kampala, Uganda; McMaster Ancient DNA Centre, Department of Anthropology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L9, Canada; Save the Elephants, PO Box 54667, Nairobi 00200, Kenya; Department of Fish Wildlife and Conservation Biology, 115 Wager, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1401, United States; Animal Behaviour Research Group, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Park Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, United Kingdom; Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark	Okello, J.B.A., Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Environment and Natural Resources, Makerere University, PO Box 7298, Kampala, Uganda, McMaster Ancient DNA Centre, Department of Anthropology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L9, Canada; Wittemyer, G., Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Environment and Natural Resources, Makerere University, PO Box 7298, Kampala, Uganda, Save the Elephants, PO Box 54667, Nairobi 00200, Kenya, Department of Fish Wildlife and Conservation Biology, 115 Wager, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1401, United States; Rasmussen, H.B., Save the Elephants, PO Box 54667, Nairobi 00200, Kenya, Animal Behaviour Research Group, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Park Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, United Kingdom, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark; Arctander, P., Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark; Nyakaana, S., Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Environment and Natural Resources, Makerere University, PO Box 7298, Kampala, Uganda; Douglas-Hamilton, I., Save the Elephants, PO Box 54667, Nairobi 00200, Kenya; Siegismund, H.R., Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark	Two hundred years of elephant hunting for ivory, peaking in 1970-1980s, caused local extirpations and massive population declines across Africa. The resulting genetic impacts on surviving populations have not been studied, despite the importance of understanding the evolutionary repercussions of such human-mediated events on this keystone species. Using Bayesian coalescent-based genetic methods to evaluate time-specific changes in effective population size, we analysed genetic variation in 20 highly polymorphic microsatellite loci from 400 elephants inhabiting the greater Samburu-Laikipia region of northern Kenya. This area experienced a decline of between 80% and 90% in the last few decades when ivory harvesting was rampant. The most significant change in effective population size, however, occurred approximately 2500 years ago during a mid-Holocene period of climatic drying in tropical Africa. Contrary to expectations, detailed analyses of four contemporary age-based cohorts showed that the peak poaching epidemic in the 1970s caused detectable temporary genetic impacts, with genetic diversity rebounding as juveniles surviving the poaching era became reproductively mature. This study demonstrates the importance of climatic history in shaping the distribution and genetic history of a keystone species and highlights the utility of coalescent-based demographic approaches in unravelling ancestral demographic events despite a lack of ancient samples. Unique insights into the genetic signature of mid-Holocene climatic change in Africa and effects of recent poaching pressure on elephants are discussed. © 2008 The Authors.	African elephants; Bottleneck; Demographic history; Ivory poaching; Microsatellite variation; Population expansion	microsatellite DNA; allele; animal; article; Bayes theorem; climate; elephant; gene flow; genetic polymorphism; genetics; genotype; human; Kenya; molecular evolution; Monte Carlo method; population density; population dynamics; population genetics; probability; Alleles; Animals; Bayes Theorem; Climate; Elephants; Evolution, Molecular; Gene Flow; Genetics, Population; Genotype; Humans; Kenya; Markov Chains; Microsatellite Repeats; Monte Carlo Method; Polymorphism, Genetic; Population Density; Population Dynamics; Elephantidae; Loxodonta	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67649118525	Competitive strategy, environmental characteristics and performance in African emerging economies: Lessons from firms in Ghana	Acquaah M., Adjei M.C., Mensa-Bonsu I.F.	2008	Journal of African Business	9	1	10.1080/15228910802052732	Bryan School of Business and Economics, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, P.O. Box 26165, Greensboro, NC 27402, United States; Community Water and Sanitation Agency, Sunyani, Ghana; Department of Planning, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	Acquaah, M., Bryan School of Business and Economics, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, P.O. Box 26165, Greensboro, NC 27402, United States; Adjei, M.C., Community Water and Sanitation Agency, Sunyani, Ghana; Mensa-Bonsu, I.F., Department of Planning, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	This paper examines the impact of the implementation of competitive strategy on organizational performance in response to economic liberalization policies using survey data from organizations in Ghana. We also examine how the perceived intensity of industry competition and industry sector moderate the relationship between competitive strategy and organizational performance. The results show that the implementation of the competitive strategies of low-cost, differentiation, and integrated low-cost and differentiation were all positively related to performance (return on assets and return on sales). We also find that both industry competition and industry sector moderate the relationship between differentiation strategy and return on assets. Moreover, industry competition moderates the relationships between both low-cost and differentiation strategies and return on sales. The results indicate that implementing a clearly defined competitive strategy is beneficial to organizations experiencing significant changes in the environment due to economic liberalization. The findings also suggest that while low-cost strategy is more beneficial to organizations in a highly competitive industry, differentiation strategy is more beneficial to firms in lowly competitive industry. At the same time, organizations in the manufacturing sector benefit more than those in the service sector when they implement the differentiation strategy. Managerial implications are presented. © 2008 by The Haworth Press. All rights reserved.	African emerging economies; Competitive strategy; Economic liberalization; Industry competition; Industry sector; Organizational performance	corporate strategy; economic policy; implementation process; industrial competition; industrial performance; industrial structure; manufacturing; Africa; Ghana; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-65349173593	Neurosurgery in nigeria - An evaluation of the perception of health personnel in a new centre and a comparison of the nigerian situation with that of other african states	Emejulu J.K.C.	2008	Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice	11	4	None	Department of Surgery, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Teaching Hospital Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria	Emejulu, J.K.C., Department of Surgery, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Teaching Hospital Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria	Background: Neurosurgery has become endangered species in Nigeria. We have only 15 practising neurosurgeons for our population of 150million, giving a ratio of one neurosurgeon to 1 Omillion Nigerians. Of the 26 accredited medical schools, only 6 offer neurosurgery. This study is a preliminary evaluation of the perceptions about neurosurgery before the commencement of neurosurgical services in a tertiary health institution, and a comparison with the situation in other African countries. Methodology: A questionnaire designed after the 5-point Likert rating scale was distributed to doctors, nurses, final-year medical/nursing students, paramedics and administrative staff of the 350-bed health institution. The completed questionnaires that were returned, were collated and data analysis done. Results: Out of 200 questionnaires distributed, 164 were completed and returned. Most of the respondents were females 59.1%, and most were in the 20 30 year age group, 57.3%; more than 96% stated that they have heard of neurosurgery previously, but rated the available services in Nigeria as inadequate 50.6%, and quality of services as fair 39.6% or poor 36.6%, respectively. In their opinion, political and administrative lapses rather than funding are responsible for the poor state of affairs, culminating in unavailability of adequate manpower and facilities. Health policy changes and provision of facilities with manpower training were suggested by 78% of respondents as the solution to the problem. Most, however agree that neurosurgery has good prospects 78%, m the institution. Conclusion: Neurosurgical service in Nigeria is grossly inadequate both in availability and quality, and these have resulted from bad government policies. It is therefore of utmost necessity that services and training be urgently provided in this specialty, at least in the tertiary institutions in Nigeria.	Africa; Neurosurgeons; Population; Ratio; World	Africa; article; comparative study; education; female; health care delivery; health care policy; health personnel attitude; human; male; manpower; neurosurgery; Nigeria; questionnaire; Africa; Attitude of Health Personnel; Female; Health Policy; Health Services Accessibility; Humans; Male; Neurosurgery; Nigeria; Questionnaires	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84893693599	Impact of employment protection legislation on employment and exporting in select African countries	Gwatidzo T., Moyo B.	2014	Development Southern Africa	31	2	10.1080/0376835X.2014.880877	School of Economic and Business Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS 2050, South Africa; Department of Economics, University of South Africa, Preller Street, Muckleneuk Ridge, Pretoria, South Africa	Gwatidzo, T., School of Economic and Business Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS 2050, South Africa; Moyo, B., Department of Economics, University of South Africa, Preller Street, Muckleneuk Ridge, Pretoria, South Africa	Labour market flexibility is an important issue in both development and labour economics. More flexibility in the labour market is believed to facilitate job creation, but also makes it easy for employers to terminate employment contracts and may be in conflict with the notion of decent jobs as promoted by the International Labour Organization and workers' unions. It is therefore not surprising that labour market flexibility or inflexibility has received a lot of attention in the extant literature. Using a sample of about 4700 firms from six African countries, we investigate the impact of restrictive labour regulation on a number of economic outcomes and find that more restrictive labour market regulations are detrimental to export propensity, export intensity, investment and employment. Policy-makers must be cautious, however, when implementing employment regulations as too flexible regulations may benefit employers at the expense of employees. © 2014 © 2014 Development Bank of Southern Africa.	African firms; employment; employment protection; exports; investment; labour market flexibility; regulation	employment; export; investment; labor market; labor policy; legislation; regulatory framework; Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84864475443	Growth and reproductive performance of African giant catfish, Heterobranchus longifilis Valenciennes 1840 broodstock on ascorbic acid supplementation	Adeebayo O.T., Fawole F.J.	2012	Indian Journal of Fisheries	59	2	None	Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Division of Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology, Central Institute of Fisheries Education Versova, Mumbai-400 061, Maharashtra, India	Adeebayo, O.T., Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Fawole, F.J., Division of Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology, Central Institute of Fisheries Education Versova, Mumbai-400 061, Maharashtra, India	This study was conducted to determine the effects of different levels of ascorbic acid supplementation on growth, reproductive performance and larval quality of Heterobranchus longifilis female broodstock fishes. Five diets were formulated incorporating ascorbic acid at levels of 0 (control), 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg kg-1. Fish averaging 700 ± 2.84 g were randomly fed with the experimental diets for 8 weeks. Fish fed with control diet had lower weight gain than fish fed with ascorbic acid supplemented diets (p&gt;0.05). The total percentage weight gain and specific growth rate in all treatments were significantly different (p&lt;0.05). The best feed gain ratio and protein efficiency ratio was recorded in 150 and 200 mg kg-1 ascorbic acid. The percentage fertilization and hatchability in all the treatments were significantly different. The best percentage fertilization and hatchability was recorded in 200 mg kg-1 ascorbic acid diet. Diet supplemented with 150 mg kg-1 ascorbic acid performed best in terms of weight of eggs and fecundity than all other treatments. The percentage survival of the progeny was also highest in broodstock fed with diet supplemented with 150 mg kg-1 ascorbic acid. Based on the results of this study, we suggest that ascorbic acid needs to be supplemented at 150-200 mg kg-1 in the diet of female Heterobranchus longifilis broodstock.	African giant catfish; Ascorbic acid; Broodstock; Heterobranchus longifilis; Reproductive performance	Heterobranchus longifilis; Pangasiidae; Pisces	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77958058265	Evaluation of the growth performance of snails fed different forages under intensive management	Odo B.I., Orji A.C.	2010	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	9	6	None	Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria	Odo, B.I., Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria; Orji, A.C., Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria	A six-week old experiment was conducted during the early rainy season of the year to investigate the growth performance of snails fed different forages under intensive rearing. The different forages used in the study constituted the treatment groups and they included: Fluted pumpkin (Telferia occidentalis) leaves (TA), African Spinach (Amaranthus sinensis) leaves (TB), Pawpaw (Carica papaya) leaves (TC) and formulated mash (TD). Thirty two (32) snails of 3 weeks old were divided into the four treatment groups of eight (8) snails each in a completely randomized design. Each treatment group was replicated twice. Result of data analysis showed that there was significant difference (p&lt;0.05) in all the parameters studied which included feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio and shell length increase. Feed intake was highest in TA followed by TC and then TD. The highest weight gain recorded in TD differed significantly (p&lt;0.05) with those of TA and Tb. There was no statistical difference between TA and TC. Feed conversion ratio was highest in TB followed by TC and least in TD. Shell length increase was significantly lower (p&lt;0.05) in the TBthan the other treatment groups that showed no statistical difference with each other. With TA and TC giving the highest weight gain after TD and high overall feed intake, it may be advisable that heliculturists should use fluted pumpkin or Paw paw leaves in intensive snail rearing. Use of formulated ration may only be in time of forage shortages as may be occasioned by seasonal changes. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2010.	African giant snails; Forages; Growth performance; Intensive rearing	Amaranthus; Amaranthus sinensis; animal experiment; article; body growth; controlled study; feeding behavior; food analysis; food composition; food intake; forage; forage quality; growth rate; nonhuman; nutrient content; nutritional assessment; nutritional value; papaya; plant leaf; pumpkin; seasonal variation; snail; Telferia occidentalis; weight gain; Amaranthus; Amaranthus cruentus; Asimina triloba; Carica papaya; Gastropoda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-50549102649	Evaluation of the pathogenicity of African Horsesickness (AHS) isolates in vaccinated animals	von Teichman B.F., Smit T.K.	2008	Vaccine	26	39	10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.07.037	Research and Development Virology, Onderstepoort Biological Products Ltd., Private Bag X07, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa	von Teichman, B.F., Research and Development Virology, Onderstepoort Biological Products Ltd., Private Bag X07, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Smit, T.K., Research and Development Virology, Onderstepoort Biological Products Ltd., Private Bag X07, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa	Background: The polyvalent African Horsesickness (AHS) attenuated live vaccine (ALV) produced by Onderstepoort Biological Products (OBP) Ltd., South Africa, has been associated with some safety concerns and alleged cases of vaccine failure or vaccine-induced disease. The risk of reassortment and reversion to virulence is a common concern associated with the use of ALVs, and a phenomenon reported for viruses with segmented RNA genomes. The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not reassortment of AHS vaccine strains could result in reassortants and reversion to virulence and therefore cause AHS in susceptible horses. Methods: Clinical or field isolates of AHS were obtained from horses with AHS symptoms or disease post vaccination. AHS-naïve horses were inoculated with these isolates and monitored for clinical reactions. Laboratory tests were performed at intervals to determine immune responses and viraemia. Viral RNA extraction and complete genome amplification of monovalent AHS-ALV vaccine strains and isolates collected post-vaccination was conducted. cDNA of the genome segments were run on PAGE to determine mobility patterns and genome segments 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 sequenced for phylogenetic analysis. Results: No clinical symptoms typical of AHS were observed in inoculated horses and all showed a good immune response. A comparison of mobility patterns of the amplified cDNA genome on PAGE allowed the identification and differentiation of reassortants, which were confirmed by sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequences. Conclusion: This study, however, showed no indications that vaccine reassortants were pathogenic or lethal after inoculation in susceptible horses. Assumptions of virulence or reversion to virulence of vaccine reassortants post-vaccination in horses could not be substantiated. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	African Horsesickness; Reassortant; Reassortment; Reversion to virulence; Vaccination	African horse sickness vaccine; complementary DNA; live vaccine; unclassified drug; virus RNA; African horse sickness virus; animal experiment; animal tissue; article; genetic reassortment; horse disease; immunocompetent cell; nonhuman; nucleotide sequence; phylogenetic tree; priority journal; sequence alignment; vaccination; virus virulence; African Horse Sickness; African horse sickness virus; Animals; Antibodies, Viral; DNA, Viral; Female; Genome, Viral; Horses; Immunoglobulin G; Male; Reassortant Viruses; Sequence Alignment; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; Vaccination; Vaccines, Attenuated; Viral Vaccines; Viremia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84915774447	Impact of severe climate variability on lion home range and movement patterns in the Amboseli ecosystem, Kenya	Tuqa J.H., Funston P., Musyoki C., Ojwang G.O., Gichuki N.N., Bauer H.hans., Tamis W., Dolrenry S., Van't Zelfde M., de Snoo G.R., de Iongh H.H.	2014	Global Ecology and Conservation	2	None	10.1016/j.gecco.2014.07.006	Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9518, Leiden, Netherlands; Kenya Wildlife Service, P.O. Box, 40241-001000, Nairobi, Kenya; WildCRU, University of Oxford, Tubney, United Kingdom; School of Biological Sciences, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box, 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Nature Conservation, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa; Lion Program, PantheraNY, United States; Panthera, Wisconsin Ave NW WashingtonDC, United States; Directorate of Resource Surveys and Remote Sensing (DRSRS), Nairobi. P.O. Box 47146-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Lion Guardians, P.O. Box 15550-00509, Nairobi, Kenya	Tuqa, J.H., Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9518, Leiden, Netherlands, Kenya Wildlife Service, P.O. Box, 40241-001000, Nairobi, Kenya; Funston, P., Department of Nature Conservation, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa, Lion Program, PantheraNY, United States, Panthera, Wisconsin Ave NW WashingtonDC, United States; Musyoki, C., Kenya Wildlife Service, P.O. Box, 40241-001000, Nairobi, Kenya; Ojwang, G.O., Directorate of Resource Surveys and Remote Sensing (DRSRS), Nairobi. P.O. Box 47146-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Gichuki, N.N., School of Biological Sciences, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box, 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Bauer, H.hans., WildCRU, University of Oxford, Tubney, United Kingdom; Tamis, W., Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9518, Leiden, Netherlands; Dolrenry, S., Lion Guardians, P.O. Box 15550-00509, Nairobi, Kenya; Van't Zelfde, M., Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9518, Leiden, Netherlands; de Snoo, G.R., Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9518, Leiden, Netherlands; de Iongh, H.H., Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9518, Leiden, Netherlands	In this study, we were interested in understanding if droughts influence the home range of predators such as lions, and if it does, in what ways the droughts influenced lions to adjust their home range, in response to prey availability. We monitored movements of ten lions fitted with GPS-GSM collars in order to analyze their home range and movement patterns over a six year period (2007-2012). We assessed the impact of a severe drought on the lion home range and movement patterns in the Amboseli ecosystem. There was a strong positive correlation between the home range size and distance moved in 24h before and during the drought (2007-2009), while after the drought there was a significant negative correlation. A weak positive correlation was evident between the lion home range and rainfall amounts (2010-2012). The male and female home ranges varied over the study period. The home range size and movement patterns coincided with permanent swamps and areas of high prey density inside the protected area. Over the course of the dry season and following the drought, the ranges initially shrank and then expanded in response to decreasing prey densities. The lions spent considerable time outside the park boundaries, particularly after severe the drought. We conclude that under conditions of fragmented habitats, severe climate conditions create new challenges for lion conservation due to effects on prey availability and subsequent influences on carnivore species ranging patterns. Stochastic weather patterns can force wide-ranging species beyond current reserve boundaries, into areas where there will be greater conflicts with humans. © 2014 The Authors.	African lion; Climate change; Panthera leo	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84893797538	Evaluation of effect of dietary supplementation with Dacryodes edulis G.Don pulp oil on serum lipid parameters in wistar albino rats	Ezekwesili C.N., Eneh F.U.	2014	Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences	17	7	10.3923/pjbs.2014.910.914	Department of Applied Biochemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria	Ezekwesili, C.N., Department of Applied Biochemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria; Eneh, F.U., Department of Applied Biochemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria	The pulp of Dacryodes edulis G.Don which is rich in oils is commonly consumed in Nigeria when in season. The effect of diet supplementation with edulis fruit pulp oil on body lipid parameters was evaluated in male wistar albino rats. D. edulis oil was extracted in n-hexane. The test diet was compounded using the oil extract (10%), whereas the control animals were kept on control diet formulated with groundnut oil (10%). After six weeks, the animals were anaesthetized with chloroform and blood samples collected through cardiac puncture for the determination of serum lipid profile. Results revealed that D. edulis fruit pulp oil did not cause any significant (p&gt;0.05) alterations in serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triacylglycerol. The total amount of lipids present in the serum was increased by 33.3%, whereas the quantity of liver lipids decreased by the same factor (33.3%). Insignificant (p&gt;0.05) increases in the weights (g 100 g-1 BW) of the liver (2.91±0.17 to 3.38±0.25), kidney (0.36±0.06 to 0.40±0.02) and heart (0.32±0.02 to 0.33±0.04) were observed in the test group. No significant change (p&gt;0.05) in the average body weight of the test animals was recorded. HPLC analysis of D. edulis oil showed that it contained palmitic acid (48.7%), linoleic acid (28.6%),oleic acid (12.9%), stearic acid (5.0%), lauric acid (2.2%), linolenic acid (1.7%) and myristic acid (0.9%). The peroxide value of the oil was 0.00. Prolonged intake of D. edulis fruit pulp oil may induce adverse effects on the body organs, even though the body lipid profile remains unaltered. © 2014 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	African pear; Artheriosclerosis; Dacryodes edulis; Dietary lipids; Serum lipids	lipid; vegetable oil; animal; blood; Burseraceae; chemistry; diet supplementation; rat; Wistar rat; Animals; Burseraceae; Dietary Supplements; Lipids; Plant Oils; Rats; Rats, Wistar	None
WoS	WOS:000343399700007	Tracking progress of African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM) using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method	Afful-Dadzie, Anthony,Afful-Dadzie, Eric,Nabareseh, Stephen,Oplatkova, Zuzana Kominkova	2014	KYBERNETES	43	8	10.1108/K-03-2014-0049	Tomas Bata University Zlin, University of Ghana	"Afful-Dadzie, Anthony: University of Ghana","Afful-Dadzie, Eric: Tomas Bata University Zlin","Nabareseh, Stephen: Tomas Bata University Zlin","Oplatkova, Zuzana Kominkova: Tomas Bata University Zlin"	Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to propose a new assessment methodology for the African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM) using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method (FCEM) and the Delphi technique. The proposed approach by its design simplifies the review processes and also quantifies the outcome of the assessment result for easier interpretation and benchmarking among member countries. The proposed hybrid method demonstrates how the subjective APRM thematic areas and their objectives can be efficiently tracked country by country while addressing the key identified challenges. Design/methodology/approach - Using a numerical example, a demonstration of how the APRM assessment could be carried is shown using the FCEM and the Delphi method. The APRM's own thematic areas are used as the evaluation factors and the weights are assigned using Delphi technique. A novel remark set is constructed to linguistically describe the performance of a country against each or all of the thematic areas. Then in line with the maximum membership degree principle, the position of the maximum number would correspond to its respective remark element to indicate the level of performance. Findings - The result shows a hybrid method of FCEM and Delphi used to determine whether a member country has "achieved", "on track", "very likely to be achieved", "possible if some changes are made" or "off-track" on the four focus areas of the APRM. The method provides a well-organized way of tracking progress of member countries. It is also an ideal method of tracking progress of individual thematic areas and objectives. Moreover, the simplicity of the proposed method, the preciseness of the final result it generates and the clear interpretation of the result makes it a stronger alternative to the current approach for assessing member countries. Practical implications - The APRM is a respected body with the backing of the heads of state in Africa. As most African countries become conscious of the pressure to meet international standards as far as governance performance is concerned, this proposed assessment methodology if adopted would go a long way in improving performance evaluation on the continent. Originality/value - The proposed methodology is unique in its simplicity and its ability to evaluate any of the APRM thematic areas independent of the others. This means an overall performance can be tracked as well as that of individual evaluation factors.	"African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM)","Delphi method","fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method (FCEM)","FUZZY LOGIC","DELPHI METHOD"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84937009289	Quantifying the projected impact of the South African sardine fishery on the Robben Island penguin colony	Robinson W.M.L., Butterworth D.S., Plagányi É.E.	2015	ICES Journal of Marine Science	72	6	10.1093/icesjms/fsv035	Marine Resource Assessment and Management Group (MARAM), Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa	Robinson, W.M.L., Marine Resource Assessment and Management Group (MARAM), Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa; Butterworth, D.S., Marine Resource Assessment and Management Group (MARAM), Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa; Plagányi, É.E., Marine Resource Assessment and Management Group (MARAM), Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa	Quantitative methods are needed to evaluate the ecological effects of fishing forage species upon which predators depend. African penguin Spheniscus demersus numbers at the Robben Island colony rose during the 1990s co-incidental with a marked increase in sardine Sardinops sagax and anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus abundances, but decreased appreciably during the 2000s as sardine suffered a series of poor recruitments. A population dynamics model is developed which relates penguin adult annual mortality to local sardine biomass, and is fit to penguin moult counts and re-sightings of tagged penguins. The predator-prey interaction is best explained by a sardine-penguin mortality relationship with average penguin survival decreasing only when the local sardine biomass is less than approximately one-quarter of the maximum observed. Results suggest that the rapid growth of the colony during the 1990s was driven primarily by immigration. Penguin projections are generated by linking to future sardine abundances predicted under the operational management procedure used to set catch limits for these sardine and anchovy fisheries, and compared with equivalent scenarios without fishing. Results indicate that fishing is likely to have a relatively small impact on penguins, especially when compared with uncertainties that arise from the variable spatial distribution of the sardine population. © 2015 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. All rights reserved.	African penguin; ecosystem approach; fishing impact on predators; forage fish; predator-prey interaction; sardine; Spheniscus demersus	abundance; biomass; clupeoid; clupeoid fishery; fishery modeling; foraging behavior; growth rate; mortality; predator-prey interaction; recruitment (population dynamics); seabird; spatial distribution; survival; Robben Island; South Africa; Western Cape; Engraulidae; Engraulis encrasicolus; Sardinops sagax; Spheniscidae; Spheniscus demersus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33845749576	Evaluation of the diethylcarbamazine patch to evaluate onchocerciasis endemicity in Central Africa	Ozoh G., Boussinesq M., Bissek A.-C.Z.-K., Kobangue L., Kombila M., Mbina J.-R.M., Enyong P., Noma M., Sékétéli A., Fobi G.	2007	Tropical Medicine and International Health	12	1	10.1111/j.1365-3156.2006.01750.x	Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria; Département Sociétés et Santé, Institut de Recherche Pour Le Développement, UR24, Paris, France; Département de Médecine Interne, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences Bi	Ozoh, G., Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria; Boussinesq, M., Département Sociétés et Santé, Institut de Recherche Pour Le Développement, UR24, Paris, France; Bissek, A.-C.Z.-K., Département de Médecine Interne, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences Biomédicales, Université de Yaoundé I, Yaounde, Cameroon; Kobangue, L., Service de Dermatologie, Centre National Hospitalier Universitaire, Bangui, Central African Republic; Kombila, M., Département de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université des Sciences de la Santé, Libreville, Gabon; Mbina, J.-R.M., Département de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université des Sciences de la Santé, Libreville, Gabon; Enyong, P., Tropical Medicine Research Station, Kumba, Cameroon; Noma, M., World Health Organization/African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Sékétéli, A., World Health Organization/African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control, 01 BP 549, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso; Fobi, G., World Health Organization/Special Intervention Zones, Kara, Togo	Objective: As part of a baseline data collection for assessing the impact of the African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control, to evaluate the diethylcarbamazine (DEC) patch test in determining the endemicity of onchocerciasis. Method: A total of 226 untreated children aged 3-5, living in four selected endemic foci, in Cameroon, Gabon and Central African Republic, were tested. Observed graded skin reactions to the patch were analysed and compared with the prevalence of onchocercal nodules and reactive skin disease in the corresponding community. Results: The proportion of children who tested positive ranged from 25.0% to 77.1%. The values were closely correlated with the prevalence of nodules, i.e. the level of endemicity for onchocerciasis. Conclusion: The DEC patch test, which has been so far used only in West African foci of onchocerciasis, can also constitute a valuable tool to evaluate the levels of endemicity of onchocerciasis in Central Africa, and to follow-up the intensity of transmission of Onchocerca volvulus. © 2007 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.	African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control; Central Africa; Diagnosis; Diethylcarbamazine patch test; Epidemiology; Onchocerciasis	diethylcarbamazine; baseline survey; disease control; drug; endemism; epidemiology; nematode; parasite transmission; skin disorder; Africa; article; diethylcarbamazine patch test; endemic disease; evaluation; human; major clinical study; onchocerciasis; patch test; preschool child; prevalence; skin manifestation; Cameroon; Central African Republic; Child, Preschool; Diethylcarbamazine; Drug Evaluation; Endemic Diseases; Filaricides; Gabon; Humans; Onchocerciasis; Patch Tests; Prevalence; Rural Health; Africa; Cameroon; Central Africa; Central African Republic; Gabon; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Onchocerca volvulus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79958852543	The African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control: Impact on onchocercal skin disease	Ozoh G.A., Murdoch M.E., Bissek A.-C., Hagan M., Ogbuagu K., Shamad M., Braide E.I., Boussinesq M., Noma M.M., Murdoch I.E., Sékétéli A., Amazigo U.V.	2011	Tropical Medicine and International Health	16	7	10.1111/j.1365-3156.2011.02783.x	Department of Dermatology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku Ozala, Nigeria; Department of Dermatology, Watford General Hospital, Watford, United Kingdom; Faculte de Medecine et des Sciences Biomedicales, Universite de Yaoundé, Cameroon; Eye	Ozoh, G.A., Department of Dermatology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku Ozala, Nigeria; Murdoch, M.E., Department of Dermatology, Watford General Hospital, Watford, United Kingdom; Bissek, A.-C., Faculte de Medecine et des Sciences Biomedicales, Universite de Yaoundé, Cameroon; Hagan, M., Eye Care Unit, Ghana Health Services, Accra, Ghana; Ogbuagu, K., Commodity Security Branch, Technical Division, UNFPA Headquarters, New York, NY, United States; Shamad, M., Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, University of Juba, Khartoum, Sudan; Braide, E.I., Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria; Boussinesq, M., UMI 233, Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement, Montpellier, France; Noma, M.M., WHO/APOC, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Murdoch, I.E., Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom; Sékétéli, A., WHO/APOC, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Amazigo, U.V., WHO/APOC, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso	Objectives To assess the long-term impact of the African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control on itching and onchocercal skin disease (OSD). Methods Seven study sites in Cameroon, Sudan, Nigeria and Uganda participated. Two cross-sectional surveys were conducted of communities meso- and hyper-endemic for onchocerciasis before and after 5 or 6years of community-directed treatment with ivermectin (CDTI). Individuals were asked about any general health symptoms including itching and underwent full cutaneous examinations. Onchocercal skin lesions were documented according to a standard classification. Results Five thousand one hundred and ninety three people were examined in phase I and 5,180 people in phase II. The presence of onchocercal nodules was a strongly significant (P<0·001) risk factor for all forms of onchocercal skin disease: APOD (OR 1·66); CPOD (OR 2·84); LOD (OR 2·68); reactive skin lesions (OR 2·38) and depigmentation (OR 3·36). The effect of community-directed treatment with ivermectin was profound. At phase II, there were significant (P<0·001) reductions in the odds of itching (OR 0·32), APOD (OR 0·28); CPOD (OR 0·34); reactive skin lesions (OR 0·33); depigmentation (OR 0·31) and nodules (OR 0·37). Reduction in the odds of LOD was also significant (OR 0.54, P<0.03). Conclusions This first multi-country report of the long-term impact of CDTI reveals a substantial reduction in itching and OSD. APOC operations are having a major effect in improving skin health in poor rural populations in Africa. © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.	African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control; Impact; Onchocercal skin disease; Onchocerciasis	ivermectin; disease control; disease prevalence; health impact; health policy; health survey; ivermectin; lesion; low income population; onchocerciasis; rural population; skin disorder; adolescent; adult; article; child; clinical feature; depigmentation; disease severity; female; health program; human; infection control; major clinical study; male; onchocercal skin disease; onchocerciasis; preschool child; pruritus; school child; skin defect; skin examination; skin infection; skin nodule; Adult; Aged; Cameroon; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Filaricides; Humans; Ivermectin; Male; Middle Aged; Nigeria; Odds Ratio; Onchocerciasis; Pruritus; Risk Factors; Rural Population; Skin Diseases, Parasitic; Sudan; Uganda; Cameroon; Nigeria; Sudan; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-20144361977	Valuing the impacts of climate change on protected areas in Africa	Velarde S.J., Malhi Y., Moran D., Wright J., Hussain S.	2005	Ecological Economics	53	1	10.1016/j.ecolecon.2004.07.024	Alternatives to Slash-and-Burn Programme, World Agroforestry Centre, Nairobi, Kenya; School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Land Economy, Scottish Agricultural College, Kings Buildings, West Main Rd., Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, United Kingdom; Department of Geography, University of Southampton, United Kingdom	Velarde, S.J., Alternatives to Slash-and-Burn Programme, World Agroforestry Centre, Nairobi, Kenya; Malhi, Y., School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, United Kingdom, School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Moran, D., Land Economy, Scottish Agricultural College, Kings Buildings, West Main Rd., Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, United Kingdom; Wright, J., Department of Geography, University of Southampton, United Kingdom; Hussain, S., Land Economy, Scottish Agricultural College, Kings Buildings, West Main Rd., Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, United Kingdom	This study quantifies the economic costs of climate change impacts on protected areas in Africa. Downscaled results from four Global Circulation Models (GCMs) are used to classify different ecosystems in accordance with the Holdridge Life Zone (HLZ) system. A benefits transfer approach is then used to place an economic value on the predicted ecosystem shifts resulting from climate change in protected areas. The results provide approximations for the impacts on biodiversity in Africa under the "business-as-usual" scenario established by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) for the middle and end of the 21st century. The geographical analysis shows that there are twenty HLZs in Africa and all of them are represented in the protected area network. Three of these HLZs do not change in extent as a result of climate change. Assuming initially that the willingness to pay (WTP) values and the preferences for different ecosystem services remain constant, three of the GCM models show an (undiscounted) negative economic impact of climate change for protected areas in Africa for the year 2100. The worst-case damage scenario totals USD 74.5 million by 2100. However, the model for the year 2065 shows a higher undiscounted value than the present. The finding of positive net impacts from warming is consistent with the predictions of other macro models that show potential gains from warming scenarios. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	African protected areas; Benefits transfer; Climate change; Ecosystem shifts; Holdridge life zones	climate change; economic impact; environmental impact; protected area; Africa; Eastern Hemisphere; World	None
None	None	Host plants of Osyris lanceolata (African Sandalwood) and their influence on its early growth performance in Tanzania	Mwang'ingo P.L., Teklehaimanot Z., Lulandala L.L., Mwihomeke S.T.	2005	Southern African Forestry Journal	None	203	None	Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O.Box 3038, Morogoro, Tanzania; School of Agricultural and Forest Sciences, University of Wales Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, United Kingdom; Department of Forest Biology, Faculty of Forestry and Nature Conservation, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O.Box 3010, Morogoro, Tanzania; Department of Forestry, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou, South Africa	Mwang'ingo, P.L., Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O.Box 3038, Morogoro, Tanzania; Teklehaimanot, Z., School of Agricultural and Forest Sciences, University of Wales Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, United Kingdom; Lulandala, L.L., Department of Forest Biology, Faculty of Forestry and Nature Conservation, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O.Box 3010, Morogoro, Tanzania; Mwihomeke, S.T., Department of Forestry, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou, South Africa	Identification of the host plants of the hemi-parasitic African sandalwood (Osyris lanceolata) and the influence of some on its early growth performance was investigated at Image, Nundu, Sao Hill and Iringa in the southern highlands of Tanzania. The aim was to identify host plants that support the growth of O. lanceolata, and to evaluate the potential of some in promoting its early growth under artificial establishment. The results revealed that O. lanceolata parasitises a wide range of hosts although some were preferred. The preferredhosts were Rhus natalensis, Dodonaea viscosa, Tecomaria capensis, Catha edulis, Apodytes dimidiata, Brachystegia spiciformis, Maytenus acuminatus and Aphloia theiformis. Of the preferred hosts, Brachytegia spiciformis, Rhus natalensis and Casuarina equisetifolia promoted most effectively the early growth of O. lanceolata in terms of height, diameter and overall root and shoot biomass. Possibly the light crown of these host species and the nitrogen fixing ability of C. equisetifolia played a significant role in conferring this advantage. The species are thus recommended as appropriate host plants when raising O. lanceolata seedlings for planting. However, a decision on whether these hosts will support the growth of O. lanceolata at a later stage is subject to further experimentation as they may only be serving as initial or intermediate hosts as reported in a related species Santalum album.	African sandalwood; Host plants; Host selectivity; Osyris lanceolata; Parasitism; Tree growth	Aphloia theiformis; Apodytes dimidiata; Brachystegia spiciformis; Casuarina equisetifolia; Catha edulis; Dodonaea viscosa; Hedera; Lanceolata; Maytenus; Osyris lanceolata; Rhus; Rhus natalensis; Santalaceae; Santalum album; Tecomaria capensis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79958152209	The impact of African elephants on Acacia tortilis woodland in northern Gonarezhou National Park, Zimbabwe	Gandiwa E., Magwati T., Zisadza P., Chinuwo T., Tafangenyasha C.	2011	Journal of Arid Environments	75	9	10.1016/j.jaridenv.2011.04.017	Scientific Services, Gonarezhou National Park, Parks and Wildlife Management Authority, Private Bag 7003, Chiredzi, Zimbabwe; Mushandike College of Wildlife Management, Parks and Wildlife Management Authority, Private Bag 9036, Masvingo, Zimbabwe; Department of Agriculture, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa 3886 Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa; Geography Department and Environmental Science, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa 3886 Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa	Gandiwa, E., Scientific Services, Gonarezhou National Park, Parks and Wildlife Management Authority, Private Bag 7003, Chiredzi, Zimbabwe; Magwati, T., Mushandike College of Wildlife Management, Parks and Wildlife Management Authority, Private Bag 9036, Masvingo, Zimbabwe; Zisadza, P., Scientific Services, Gonarezhou National Park, Parks and Wildlife Management Authority, Private Bag 7003, Chiredzi, Zimbabwe; Chinuwo, T., Department of Agriculture, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa 3886 Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa; Tafangenyasha, C., Geography Department and Environmental Science, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa 3886 Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa	We investigated the impact of African elephants (Loxodonta africana) on the structure and composition of Acacia tortilis woodland in northern Gonarezhou National Park, southeast Zimbabwe. A. tortilis woodland was stratified into high, medium and low elephant utilisation categories based on evidence of elephant habitat use as determined through dung-count surveys in relation to distance of woodland patches from perennial and natural surface water sources. The following variables were recorded in each study plot: tree height, species name, number of species, plant damage, basal circumference and number of stems per plant. A total of 824 woody plants and 26 woody species were recorded from the sampled A. tortilis woodland patches. Mean tree densities, basal areas, tree heights and species diversity were lower in areas with medium and high elephant utilisation as compared to low elephant utilisation areas. Plants damaged by elephants increased with increasing elephant utilisation. The study findings suggest that A. tortilis woodland is gradually being transformed into an open woodland. We recommended that protected area management in arid and semi-arid areas should consider (i) formulating clear thresholds of potential concern to allow for the conservation of sensitive woodlands such as A. tortilis woodlands and (ii) establishing long-term vegetation monitoring programmes. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.	African savanna; Elephant utilisation; Loxodonta africana; Water sources; Woody plants	basal area; community structure; conservation management; damage; ecological impact; elephant; environmental monitoring; habitat use; legume; national park; semiarid region; stem; water availability; woodland; Gonarezhou National Park; Masvingo; Zimbabwe; Acacia; Acacia tortilis; Elephantidae; Loxodonta; Loxodonta africana	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67650002419	Performance of the Cockcroft-Gault and MDRD equations in adult Nigerians with chronic kidney disease	Agaba E.I., Wigwe C.M., Agaba P.A., Tzamaloukas A.H.	2009	International Urology and Nephrology	41	3	10.1007/s11255-008-9515-8	Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, PMB 2076, Jos Plateau State, Nigeria; University of Port-Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria; APIN Center, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos Plateau State, N	Agaba, E.I., Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, PMB 2076, Jos Plateau State, Nigeria; Wigwe, C.M., University of Port-Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria; Agaba, P.A., APIN Center, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos Plateau State, Nigeria; Tzamaloukas, A.H., Renal Section, New Mexico Veterans Affairs Health Care System and Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States	Background: Estimation of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is required in the assessment of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in order to provide information regarding the functional status of the kidneys. Current guidelines advocate the use of prediction equations, such as the Cockcroft-Gault (CG) formula and the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) study-derived equations, over clearance of endogenous creatinine (Ccr) in achieving this aim. We were interested in knowing the accuracy of these equations in predicting the GFR in adult Nigerians with CKD. Methods: We conducted a review of records of patients who were evaluated for CKD at the Nephrology Clinic of the Jos University Teaching Hospital between 2001 and 2003. We compared the CG and MDRD equations against the Ccr in predicting the GFR in 130 patients (88 males and 42 females) with CKD. Results: The means ± standard deviation (SD) for the measured and predicted GFR by the CG and MDRD equations were similar (17.6 ± 25.8 ml/min, 19.9 ± 24.0 ml/min and 21.5 ± 28.2 ml/min, respectively; analysis of variance [ANOVA], F = 0.68, P = 0.5). The mean difference between CG and Ccr was -2.2 ± 14.8 ml/min, with discordance at Ccr values >25 ml/min. The mean difference between MDRD and Ccr was -3.9 ± 18.1 ml/min, with discordance at Ccr values >40 ml/min. Conclusion: The CG and MDRD equations provide reliable alternatives to measured Ccr in the estimation of the GFR in Nigerian patients with CKD. © Springer Science+Business Media, B.V. 2009.	Africans; Chronic kidney disease; Cockcroft-Gault; Glomerular filtration rate; MDRD	creatinine; adult; article; chronic kidney disease; Cockcroft Gault equation; controlled study; creatinine clearance; diagnostic accuracy; female; glomerulus filtration rate; human; intermethod comparison; major clinical study; male; mathematical parameters; medical record review; Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation; Nigeria; prediction; reliability; Adult; Chronic Disease; Creatinine; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Male; Mathematics; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84938751855	A cross-sectional evaluation of the correlation between disease severity and quality of life in chronic rhinosinusitis patients in Nigeria	Olowosusi O.Z., Asoegwu C.N., Olagunju A.T., Nwawolo C.C.	2015	European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology	272	9	10.1007/s00405-014-3348-0	Department of Ear, Nose and Throat Surgery, Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Psychiatry, Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Lagos, Nigeria	Olowosusi, O.Z., Department of Ear, Nose and Throat Surgery, Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Lagos, Nigeria; Asoegwu, C.N., Department of Ear, Nose and Throat Surgery, Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Lagos, Nigeria; Olagunju, A.T., Department of Psychiatry, Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Lagos, Nigeria; Nwawolo, C.C., Department of Ear, Nose and Throat Surgery, Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Lagos, Nigeria	Quality of Life (QoL) studies are increasingly being used as the primary outcome measure in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) globally. However, little is known about QoL and the interplay of identifiable factors on QoL in CRS in sub-Saharan Africa. This study investigated the correlation between disease severity and QoL in chronic rhinosinusitis patients. A total of 147 adults with subjective severity rating of CRS were studied. Participants were assessed using designed questionnaire, Individual Rhinosinusitis Symptom Severity Score Assessment (IRSSSA) and Rhinosinusitis Disability Index (RSDI) questionnaires to elicit socio-demographic/clinical profile, CRS symptom severity and QoL, respectively. The mean age of the participants was 36.86 ± 11.91 years. The mean severity score of all 147 CRS cases was 3.8 ± 1.13. The majority of participants (N = 80; 54.4 %) had moderate disease. The RSDI mean scores for the participants for overall HRQoL were 40.6 ± 19.8. (Median = 40; Range = 77), for physical domain 15.2 ± 7.7, functional domain 12.1 ± 6.4 and emotional domain 13.2 ± 8.2. The trend of association between the disease severity scores and the overall HRQoL on Pearson linear correlation indicates a positive linear association of worsening overall HRQoL with increasing disease severity (R = 0.83; P < 0.0001). The severity of CRS impacted negatively on the HRQoL. All domains were significantly affected by the disease severity particularly the physical domain. Patients adjudged severity of their disease and its’ impact on their quality of life should be considered in the determination of the line of their management which could include psychosocial intervention. © 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Africans; Chronic rhinosinusitis; Quality of life; Rhinosinusitis disability index	adult; aged; Article; chronic rhinosinusitis; correlational study; cross-sectional study; disease severity; disease severity assessment; emotion; female; functional status; human; Individual Rhinosinusitis Symptom Severity Score Assessment; major clinical study; male; Nigeria; physical activity; priority journal; quality of life; quality of life assessment; Rhinosinusitis Disability Index; adolescent; chronic disease; middle aged; psychology; rhinitis; severity of illness index; sinusitis; young adult; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Chronic Disease; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nigeria; Quality of Life; Rhinitis; Severity of Illness Index; Sinusitis; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84908094529	Impact of second-line antiretroviral regimens on lipid profiles in an African setting: The DART trial sub-study	Gomo Z.A.R., Hakim J.G., Walker S.A., Tinago W., Mandozana G., Kityo C., Munderi P., Katabira E., Reid A., Gibb D.M., Gilks C.F., Grosskurth H., Kabuye G., Nsibambi D., Kasirye R., Zalwango E., Nakazibwe M., Kikaire B., Nassuna G., Massa R., Fadhiru K., N	2014	AIDS Research and Therapy	11	1	None	Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Avondale, PO Box A178, Harare, Zimbabwe; Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Avondale, PO Box A178, Harare, Zimbabwe; MRC Clinical Trials Unit, London, United Kingdom; Department of Community Medicine, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; MRC Programme on AIDS/Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda; Infectious Disease Institute, Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda; Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Infectious Diseases Institute (formerly the Academic Alliance) Makerere University, Mulago, Uganda; The AIDS Support Organisation (TASO), Uganda; Independent DART Trial Monitors; DART Virology Group; Trial Steering Committee; Data and Safety Monitoring Committee; Endpoint Review Committee	Gomo, Z.A.R., Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Avondale, PO Box A178, Harare, Zimbabwe; Hakim, J.G., Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Avondale, PO Box A178, Harare, Zimbabwe, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe, Trial Steering Committee; Walker, S.A., MRC Clinical Trials Unit, London, United Kingdom; Tinago, W., Department of Community Medicine, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Mandozana, G., Department of Community Medicine, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Kityo, C., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Munderi, P., MRC Programme on AIDS/Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda, MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Katabira, E., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda, Infectious Disease Institute, Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda, Infectious Diseases Institute (formerly the Academic Alliance) Makerere University, Mulago, Uganda, Endpoint Review Committee; Reid, A., Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Avondale, PO Box A178, Harare, Zimbabwe, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Gibb, D.M., MRC Clinical Trials Unit, London, United Kingdom, DART Virology Group; Gilks, C.F., Imperial College, London, United Kingdom, DART Virology Group, Trial Steering Committee; Grosskurth, H., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Kabuye, G., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Nsibambi, D., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Kasirye, R., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Zalwango, E., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Nakazibwe, M., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Kikaire, B., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Nassuna, G., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Massa, R., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Fadhiru, K., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Namyalo, M., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Zalwango, A., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Generous, L., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Khauka, P., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Rutikarayo, N., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Nakahima, W., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Mugisha, A., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Todd, J., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Levin, J., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Muyingo, S., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Ruberantwari, A., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Kaleebu, P., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Yirrell, D., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Ndembi, N., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Lyagoba, F., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Hughes, P., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Aber, M., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Lara, A.M., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Medina, A., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Foster, S., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Amurwon, J., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Wakholi, B.N., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Nyanzi, B., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Wangati, K., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Amuron, B., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Kajungu, D., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Nakiyingi, J., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Omony, W., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Fadhiru, K., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Nsibambi, D., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Khauka, P., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Mugyenyi, P., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Ssali, F., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Tumukunde, D., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Otim, T., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Kabanda, J., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Musana, H., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Akao, J., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Kyomugisha, H., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Byamukama, A., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Sabiiti, J., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Komugyena, J., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Wavamunno, P., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Mukiibi, S., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Drasiku, A., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Byaruhanga, R., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Labeja, O., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Katundu, P., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Tugume, S., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Awio, P., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Namazzi, A., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Bakeinyaga, G.T., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Abaine, D., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Tukamushaba, J., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Anywar, W., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Ojiambo, W., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Angweng, E., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Murungi, S., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Haguma, W., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Atwiine, S., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Kigozi, J., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Namale, L., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Mukose, A., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Mulindwa, G., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Atwiine, D., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Muhwezi, A., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Nimwesiga, E., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Barungi, G., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Takubwa, J., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Murungi, S., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Mwebesa, D., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Kagina, G., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Mulindwa, M., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Ahimbisibwe, F., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Mwesigwa, P., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Akuma, S., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Zawedde, C., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Nyiraguhirwa, D., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Tumusiime, C., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Bagaya, L., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Namara, W., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Kigozi, J., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Karungi, J., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Kankunda, R., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Enzama, R., Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Latif, A., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Robertson, V., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Chidziva, E., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Bulaya-Tembo, R., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Musoro, G., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Taziwa, F., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Chimbetete, C., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Chakonza, L., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Mawora, A., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Muvirimi, C., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Svovanapasis, P., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Simango, M., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Chirema, O., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Machingura, J., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Mutsai, S., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Phiri, M., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Bafana, T., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Chirara, M., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Muchabaiwa, L., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Muzambi, M., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Chigwedere, E., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Pascoe, M., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Warambwa, C., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Zengeza, E., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Mapinge, F., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Makota, S., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Jamu, A., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Ngorima, N., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Chirairo, H., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Chitsungo, S., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Chimanzi, J., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Maweni, C., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Warara, R., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Matongo, M., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Mudzingwa, S., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Jangano, M., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Moyo, K., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Vere, L., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Machingura, I., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Ronald, A., Infectious Diseases Institute (formerly the Academic Alliance) Makerere University, Mulago, Uganda; Kambungu, A., Infectious Diseases Institute (formerly the Academic Alliance) Makerere University, Mulago, Uganda; Lutwama, F., Infectious Diseases Institute (formerly the Academic Alliance) Makerere University, Mulago, Uganda; Mambule, I., Infectious Diseases Institute (formerly the Academic Alliance) Makerere University, Mulago, Uganda; Nanfuka, A., Infectious Diseases Institute (formerly the Academic Alliance) Makerere University, Mulago, Uganda; Walusimbi, J., Infectious Diseases Institute (formerly the Academic Alliance) Makerere University, Mulago, Uganda; Nabankema, E., Infectious Diseases Institute (formerly the Academic Alliance) Makerere University, Mulago, Uganda; Nalumenya, R., Infectious Diseases Institute (formerly the Academic Alliance) Makerere University, Mulago, Uganda; Namuli, T., Infectious Diseases Institute (formerly the Academic Alliance) Makerere University, Mulago, Uganda; Kulume, R., Infectious Diseases Institute (formerly the Academic Alliance) Makerere University, Mulago, Uganda; Namata, I., Infectious Diseases Institute (formerly the Academic Alliance) Makerere University, Mulago, Uganda; Nyachwo, L., Infectious Diseases Institute (formerly the Academic Alliance) Makerere University, Mulago, Uganda; Florence, A., Infectious Diseases Institute (formerly the Academic Alliance) Makerere University, Mulago, Uganda; Kusiima, A., Infectious Diseases Institute (formerly the Academic Alliance) Makerere University, Mulago, Uganda; Lubwama, E., Infectious Diseases Institute (formerly the Academic Alliance) Makerere University, Mulago, Uganda; Nairuba, R., Infectious Diseases Institute (formerly the Academic Alliance) Makerere University, Mulago, Uganda; Oketta, F., Infectious Diseases Institute (formerly the Academic Alliance) Makerere University, Mulago, Uganda; Buluma, E., Infectious Diseases Institute (formerly the Academic Alliance) Makerere University, Mulago, Uganda; Waita, R., Infectious Diseases Institute (formerly the Academic Alliance) Makerere University, Mulago, Uganda; Ojiambo, H., Infectious Diseases Institute (formerly the Academic Alliance) Makerere University, Mulago, Uganda; Sadik, F., Infectious Diseases Institute (formerly the Academic Alliance) Makerere University, Mulago, Uganda; Wanyama, J., Infectious Diseases Institute (formerly the Academic Alliance) Makerere University, Mulago, Uganda; Nabongo, P., Infectious Diseases Institute (formerly the Academic Alliance) Makerere University, Mulago, Uganda; Oyugi, J., Infectious Diseases Institute (formerly the Academic Alliance) Makerere University, Mulago, Uganda; Sematala, F., Infectious Diseases Institute (formerly the Academic Alliance) Makerere University, Mulago, Uganda; Muganzi, A., Infectious Diseases Institute (formerly the Academic Alliance) Makerere University, Mulago, Uganda; Twijukye, C., Infectious Diseases Institute (formerly the Academic Alliance) Makerere University, Mulago, Uganda; Byakwaga, H., Infectious Diseases Institute (formerly the Academic Alliance) Makerere University, Mulago, Uganda; Ochai, R., The AIDS Support Organisation (TASO), Uganda; Muhweezi, D., The AIDS Support Organisation (TASO), Uganda; Coutinho, A., The AIDS Support Organisation (TASO), Uganda; Etukoit, B., The AIDS Support Organisation (TASO), Uganda; Boocock, K., Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; Puddephatt, C., Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; Grundy, C., Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; Bohannon, J., Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; Winogron, D., Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; Darbyshire, J., MRC Clinical Trials Unit, London, United Kingdom; Burke, A., MRC Clinical Trials Unit, London, United Kingdom; Bray, D., MRC Clinical Trials Unit, London, United Kingdom; Babiker, A., MRC Clinical Trials Unit, London, United Kingdom; Wilkes, H., MRC Clinical Trials Unit, London, United Kingdom; Rauchenberger, M., MRC Clinical Trials Unit, London, United Kingdom; Sheehan, S., MRC Clinical Trials Unit, London, United Kingdom; Spencer-Drake, C., MRC Clinical Trials Unit, London, United Kingdom; Taylor, K., MRC Clinical Trials Unit, London, United Kingdom; Spyer, M., MRC Clinical Trials Unit, London, United Kingdom; Ferrier, A., MRC Clinical Trials Unit, London, United Kingdom; Naidoo, B., MRC Clinical Trials Unit, London, United Kingdom; Dunn, D., MRC Clinical Trials Unit, London, United Kingdom; Goodall, R., MRC Clinical Trials Unit, London, United Kingdom; Nanfuka, R., Independent DART Trial Monitors; Mufuka-Kapuya, C., Independent DART Trial Monitors; Kaleebu, P., DART Virology Group; Pillay, D., DART Virology Group; Awio, P., DART Virology Group; Chirara, M., DART Virology Group; Dunn, D., DART Virology Group; Goodall, R., DART Virology Group; Kapaata, A., DART Virology Group; Katuramur, M., DART Virology Group; Lyagoba, F., DART Virology Group; Magala, R., DART Virology Group; Magambo, B., DART Virology Group; Mataruka, K., DART Virology Group; McCormick, A., DART Virology Group; Mugarura, L., DART Virology Group; Musunga, T., DART Virology Group; Nabankkema, M., DART Virology Group; Nkalubo, J., DART Virology Group; Nkurunziza, P., DART Virology Group; Parry, C., DART Virology Group; Robertson, V., DART Virology Group; Spyer, M., DART Virology Group; Yirrell, D., DART Virology Group; Weller, I., Trial Steering Committee; Babiker, A., Trial Steering Committee; Bahendeka, S., Trial Steering Committee; Bassett, M., Trial Steering Committee; Chogo Wapakhabulo, A., Trial Steering Committee; Darbyshire, J., Trial Steering Committee; Gazzard, B., Trial Steering Committee; Grosskurth, H., Trial Steering Committee; Latif, A., Trial Steering Committee; Mapuchere, C., Trial Steering Committee; Mugurungi, O., Trial Steering Committee; Mugyenyi, P., Trial Steering Committee; Burke, C., Trial Steering Committee; Distel, M., Trial Steering Committee; Jones, S., Trial Steering Committee; Loeliger, E., Trial Steering Committee; Naidoo, P., Trial Steering Committee; Newland, C., Trial Steering Committee; Pearce, G., Trial Steering Committee; Rahim, S., Trial Steering Committee; Rooney, J., Trial Steering Committee; Smith, M., Trial Steering Committee; Snowden, W., Trial Steering Committee; Steens, J.-M., Trial Steering Committee; Breckenridge, A., Data and Safety Monitoring Committee; McLaren, A., Data and Safety Monitoring Committee; Hill, C., Data and Safety Monitoring Committee; Matenga, J., Data and Safety Monitoring Committee; Pozniak, A., Data and Safety Monitoring Committee; Serwadda, D., Data and Safety Monitoring Committee; Peto, T., Endpoint Review Committee; Palfreeman, A., Endpoint Review Committee; Borok, M., Endpoint Review Committee	Background: Increasing numbers of HIV-infected patients in sub-Saharan Africa are exposed to antiretroviral therapy (ART), but there are few data on lipid changes on first-line ART, and even fewer on second-line.Methods: DART was a randomized trial comparing monitoring strategies in Ugandan/Zimbabwean adults initiating first-line ART and switching to second-line at clinical/immunological failure. We evaluated fasting lipid profiles at second-line initiation and ≥48 weeks subsequently in stored samples from Zimbabwean patients switching before 18 September 2006.Results: Of 91 patients switched to second-line ART, 65(73%) had fasting samples at switch and ≥48 weeks, 14(15%) died or were lost <48 weeks, 10(11%) interrupted ART for >14 days and 2(2%) had no samples available. 56/65(86%) received ZDV/d4T + 3TC + TDF first-line, 6(9%) ZDV/d4T + 3TC + NVP and 3(5%) ZDV + 3TC with TDF and NVP. Initial second-line regimens were LPV/r + NNRTI in 27(41%), LPV/r + NNRTI + ddI in 33(50%) and LPV/r + TDF + ddI/3TC/ZDV in 6(9%). At second-line initiation median (IQR) TC, LDL-C, HDL-C and TG (mmol/L) were 3.3(2.8-4.0), 1.7(1.3-2.2), 0.7(0.6-0.9) and 1.1(0.8-1.9) respectively. Levels were significantly increased 48 weeks later, by mean (SE) +2.0(0.1), +1.1(0.1), +0.5(0.05) and +0.4(0.2) respectively (p < 0.001; TG p = 0.01). 3% at switch vs 25% 48 weeks later had TC >5.2 mmol/L; 3% vs 25% LDL-C >3.4 mmol/L and 91% vs 41% HDL-C <1.1 mmol/L (p < 0.001). Similar proportions had TG >1.8 mmol/L (0 vs 3%) and TC/HDL-C ≥5 (40% vs 33%) (p > 0.15).Conclusion: Modest lipid elevations were observed in African patients on predominantly LPV/r + NNRTI-based second-line regimens. Routine lipid monitoring during second-line ART regimens may not be warranted in this setting but individual cardiovascular risk assessment should guide practice. © 2014 Gomo et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	African setting; Antiretroviral therapy; Lipid profile changes; Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors; Protease inhibitors	anti human immunodeficiency virus agent; didanosine; efavirenz; high density lipoprotein cholesterol; lamivudine; lopinavir plus ritonavir; low density lipoprotein cholesterol; nevirapine; nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; stavudine; tenofovir; triacylglycerol; zidovudine; adult; antiviral therapy; Article; blood sampling; cholesterol blood level; combination chemotherapy; diet restriction; drug eruption; drug substitution; drug withdrawal; female; follow up; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; major clinical study; male; middle aged; triacylglycerol blood level; Ugandan; Zimbabwean	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-24044512131	Impact of iodine deficiency on thyroid function in pregnant African women - A possible factor in the genesis of 'small for dates' babies	Das S.C., Isichei U.P., Mohammed A.Z., Otokwula A.A., Emokpae A.	2005	Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry	20	2	None	Department of Chemical Pathology, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria; Department of Pathology, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria; Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria; Department of Chemical Pathology, Aminu	Das, S.C., Department of Chemical Pathology, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria, Department of Chemical Pathology, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, P.M.B. 3452, Kano 700 001, Nigeria; Isichei, U.P., Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria; Mohammed, A.Z., Department of Pathology, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria; Otokwula, A.A., Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria; Emokpae, A., Department of Chemical Pathology, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria	The effect of iodine deficiency (ID) on thyroid function in African women during pregnancy and postnatal period was examined, for which very limited information is available. Serum T4, T3, TSH, TBG, thyroxine binding capacity (TBK), free thyroxine index (FT4I=T 4TTBK) and T4/TBG were determined by ELISA technique in 32 pregnant women (resident of Plateau state, Nigeria - an ID zone) through pregnancy upto term delivery, and in 5 women up to 6 weeks post delivery. Urinary iodide level was measured at delivery to determine the degree of iodine deficiency. Results were matched with a non pregnant control comprising 44 subjects. 5555 birth weights (BW) of term babies in the region were analysed to determine the prevalence of 'small for dates' (SFD) babies in the population. Results show that the level of serum FT4I was elevated very significantly at late gestation (P&lt;.001) but the women were not hyperthyroid, suggesting a marked disturbance in binding of T4 with TBG during pregnancy. Five women with SFD babies were found in 'compensated hypothyroid state' and showed a significant depression (p&lt;.01) in serum T 4/TBG,T4,FT4I and T3 levels to a low normal range, with a concurrent significant rise (p.&lt;.001) in TSH level (above normal range) throughout pregnancy. Incidence of SFD babies was higher (p.&lt;.001) in ID zone (Bassa 15.2%) compared to control zone (Jos 9.8%). It is concluded that a state of maternal 'subclinical (compensated) hypothyroidism' during pregnancy possibly plays an important role in the aetiopathogenesis of SFD babies in Africans. A normal reference range for thyroid parameters at various stages of pregnancy in healthy African women is established for the first time.	Africans; Iodine deficiency; Pregnancy; Thyroid function	iodide; iodine; liothyronine; thyrotropin; thyroxine; thyroxine binding globulin; adolescent; adult; Africa; article; birth weight; chemical binding; clinical article; controlled study; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; female; human; hyperthyroidism; hypothyroidism; incidence; iodine deficiency; liothyronine blood level; newborn; pathogenesis; perinatal period; pregnancy; small for date infant; thyroid function; thyrotropin blood level; thyroxine binding capacity; thyroxine blood level; urinary excretion; Enterobacteria phage T4	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77951022635	Molecular monitoring of African swine fever virus using surveys targeted at adult Ornithodoros ticks: A re-evaluation of Mkuze Game Reserve, South Africa	Arnot L.F., Toit J.T.D.U., Bastos A.D.S.	2009	Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research	76	4	None	Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa; Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Department of Wildland Resources, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-5230, United States; ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa	Arnot, L.F., Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Toit, J.T.D.U., Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa, Department of Wildland Resources, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-5230, United States; Bastos, A.D.S., Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa, ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa	The Mkuze Game Reserve (MGR), in north-eastern KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa is an African swine fever virus (ASF) controlled area. In a survey conducted in 1978, ASF prevalence in warthogs and Ornithodoros ticks in MGR was determined to be 2 % and 0.06 %, respectively. These values, acknowledged as being unusually low compared to other East and southern African ASFpositive sylvatlc-cycle host populations, have not been assessed since. The availability of a sensitive PCR-based virus detection method, developed specifically for the sylvatic tampan host, prompted a re-evaluation of ASF virus (ASFV) prevalence in MGR ticks. Of the 98 warthog burrows inspected for Ornithodoros presence, 59 (60.2 %) were found to contain tampans and tick sampling was significantly male-biased. Whilst gender sampling-bias is not unusual, the 27 % increase in infestation rate of warthog burrows since the 1978 survey is noteworthy as it anticipates a concomitant increase in ASFV prevalence, particularly in light of the high proportion (75 %) of adult ticks sampled. However, despite DNA integrity being confirmed by internal control amplification of the host 16S gene, PCR screening failed to detect ASFV. These results suggest that ASFV has either disappeared from MGR or if present, is localized, occurring at exceptionally low levels. Further extensive surveys are required to establish the ASFV status of sylvatic hosts in this controlled area.	African swine fever virus; Mkuze game reserve; Ornithodoros porcinus; PCR; Warthog	virus DNA; African swine fever; African swine fever virus; animal; animal disease; article; classification; female; genetics; genotype; isolation and purification; male; parasite vector; phylogeny; polymerase chain reaction; sex difference; South Africa; swine; tick; tick infestation; virology; African Swine Fever; African Swine Fever Virus; Animals; Arachnid Vectors; DNA, Viral; Female; Genotype; Male; Ornithodoros; Phylogeny; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sex Factors; South Africa; Swine; Tick Infestations; African swine fever virus; Ixodida; Ornithodoros; Ornithodoros porcinus; Phacochoerus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883864849	Evaluation of the effect of processing methods on the nutritional and anti-nutritional compositions of two under-utilized Nigerian grain legumes	Oke M.O., Sobowale S.S., Ogunlakin G.O.	2013	Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences	16	24	10.3923/pjbs.2013.2015.2020	Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Department of Food Technology, Moshood Abiola Polytechnic, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Oke, M.O., Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Sobowale, S.S., Department of Food Technology, Moshood Abiola Polytechnic, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Ogunlakin, G.O., Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University, Ogbomoso, Nigeria	The nutritional and anti-nutritional compositions of African Yam Bean (AYB) and Lima bean flours under different processing methods were determined. Nutritional and anti-nutritional properties studied include moisture content, crude protein, crude fibre, ash content, ether extract, carbohydrate, tannin, protease inhibitor and phytate. The moisture content of AYB flours ranged from 9.31 to 9.61 % while that of lima beans ranged from 9.32 to 9.56%. There is a significant different among the samples when the unprocessed AYB (control) and the processed AYB were compared. The same trend was also observed with lima bean flours. However, some nutrient did not show significant variations with processing. It was observed that samples of soaked/de-hulled AYB have the least protease inhibitor of 0.73 mg/100 g and it is significantly different from the unprocessed samples. Soaked/de-hulled flours of both AYB and lima beans have the most percentage decrease in anti-nutritional content. Lima bean flours were observed to have higher anti-nutritional content than AYB. The percentage decrease of anti-nutritional factors in the samples is proportionally higher than that of the nutrients. The nutritional and anti-nutritional compositions of the samples suggest that processed African Yam Bean (AYB) and Lima bean flours would have useful application in fabricated foods. © 2013 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	African yam bean; Anti-nutritional; Flour; Lima bean; Nutritional	phytic acid; proteinase inhibitor; tannin derivative; vegetable protein; water; article; carbohydrate diet; catering service; chemistry; comparative study; crop; dietary fiber; food handling; methodology; Nigeria; nutritional value; Phaseolus; Sphenostylis; Crops, Agricultural; Dietary Carbohydrates; Dietary Fiber; Food Handling; Food Supply; Nigeria; Nutritive Value; Phaseolus; Phytic Acid; Protease Inhibitors; Sphenostylis; Tannins; Vegetable Proteins; Water	None
WoS	WOS:000267888500001	Evaluation of HIV/AIDS secondary school peer education in rural Nigeria	Otte, Willem M.,van der Maas, Frank	2009	HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH	24	4	10.1093/her/cyn056	Nwofe Iseke	None	In this study, we assessed whether peer education is an effective method of HIV/AIDS awareness, in terms of knowledge, misconception and behavior, among adolescents in the rural area of Nigeria. A comparative case series (n = 250), cross-sectional structured survey (n = 135) and focus group discussions (n = 80) were undertaken among adolescents. In both the case series and structured survey, a questionnaire was used which addresses the following issues: socio-demography, knowledge on transmission and prevention of HIV/AIDS, accessibility to different sources of HIV/AIDS information, stigmatization and sexual behavior. Binary logistic regression was applied to compare responses from the peer-educated and not peer-educated populations. The model was adjusted for confounders. We demonstrated increased knowledge and decreased misconception and sexual risk behavior in adolescents receiving peer education as compared to adolescents not receiving peer education. These differences are apparent both over time (2005-2007) and cross-sectional (2007). In conclusion, peer education in rural areas can be effective in HIV/AIDS prevention. Knowledge and behavior can be influenced positively.	,"AFRICAN YOUTH",AIDS,"HIV PREVENTION PROGRAMS",KNOWLEDGE,PEOPLE,RISK	None	None
WoS	WOS:000285389600009	A quasi-experimental evaluation of a community-based art therapy intervention exploring the psychosocial health of children affected by HIV in South Africa	Alie, Collin,Brown, Elizabeth,Jonas, Beatrice,Mueller, Joanne,Sherr, Lorraine	2011	TROPICAL MEDICINE &amp; INTERNATIONAL HEALTH	16	1	10.1111/j.1365-3156.2010.02682.x	University College London, University of London, Mad Art	"Sherr, Lorraine: University College London","Sherr, Lorraine: University of London",	Objectives To evaluate the efficacy of the Make A Difference about Art programme, a community art programme in South Africa for children affected by HIV and AIDS, which aims to reduce psychosocial problems by increasing self-esteem, self-efficacy and HIV insight. Methods A quasi-experimental cross-sectional post-intervention survey of 297 children aged 8-18 years (177 programme attendees and a control group of 120). Participants completed an inventory comprising standardized, validated psychosocial measures of depression, emotional and behavioural problems, self-esteem and self-efficacy and key sociodemographic variables potentially relevant as risk and protective factors. Results Attending the intervention was predictive of significantly higher self-efficacy, but was not associated with differences in self-esteem, depression, or emotional/behavioural problems. This association remained in the multivariate analysis, controlling for potential confounders. Double parental death exerted a powerful effect on child psychosocial health, eliminating the association between intervention attendance and higher self-efficacy. However, an interaction was found between bereavement status and intervention attendance on child self-efficacy, indicating that the intervention programme may ameliorate some of the psychosocial vulnerabilities associated with becoming an orphan. Other key risk factors for poor psychosocial health in this sample were AIDS-related stigma and community and household violence. Social connection emerged as a key protective factor. Conclusions Our findings suggest that such interventions may offer opportunities to increase the self-efficacy of vulnerable children to protect their psychological health.	"Afrique du Sud",CHILDREN,enfants,Evaluacion,evaluation,HIV,intervencion,INTERVENTION,ninos,"SOUTH AFRICA",Sudafrica,terapia,THERAPIE,THERAPY,VIH,"AIDS-ORPHANED CHILDREN",CAPE-TOWN,"DIFFICULTIES QUESTIONNAIRE",MENTAL-HEALTH,"PROTECTIVE FACTORS",PSYCHIATRI	None	None
None	None	Field evaluation of the relative attractiveness of enriched ginger root oil (EGO)lure and trimedlure for African Ceratitis species (Diptera: Tephritidae)	Mwatawala M., Virgilio M., Quilici S., Dominic M., De Meyer M.	2013	Journal of Applied Entomology	137	5	10.1111/j.1439-0418.2012.01744.x	Department of Crop Sciences and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania; Entomology Section, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium; Department of Recent Invertebrates, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium; UMR C53 PVBMT CIRAD-Université de La Réunion, CIRAD Pôle de Protection des Plantes, Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France	Mwatawala, M., Department of Crop Sciences and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania; Virgilio, M., Entomology Section, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium, Department of Recent Invertebrates, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium; Quilici, S., UMR C53 PVBMT CIRAD-Université de La Réunion, CIRAD Pôle de Protection des Plantes, Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France; Dominic, M., Department of Crop Sciences and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania; De Meyer, M., Entomology Section, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium	The males of some fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are known to be attracted to specific parapheromones. The trapping results between trimedlure (TML) and enriched ginger root oil (EGOlure) were compared at two experimental sites in Morogoro (Central Tanzania) for a period of 12 weeks co-inciding with the main citrus season. Both attractants captured a comparable diversity of fruit flies, except that EGOlure also attracted fruit flies, such as Ceratitis cosyra, not normally found in TML-baited traps. Both EGOlure and TML attracted mainly or exclusively male fruit flies, but the catches with EGOlure were equal or superior to those with TML. It is concluded that EGOlure should be considered as a suitable alternative for TML in detection, monitoring and control programs for African fruit flies of the genus Ceratitis. It has the added advantage that it combines the attractiveness with regard to species spectrum of both TML and terpinyl acetate. © 2012 Blackwell Verlag, GmbH.	Afrotropical; Bactrocera invadens; Monitoring	Afrotropical Region; bait; biological control; experimental study; fly; herb; monitoring; pheromone trap; root; trapping; Morogoro [Tanzania]; Tanzania; Ceratitis; Ceratitis cosyra; Citrus; Diptera; Tephritidae; Zingiber officinale	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84876003669	Evaluation of cement-bonded particle board produced from Afzelia africana wood residues	Sotannde O.A., Oluwadare A.O., Ogedoh O., Adeogun P.F.	2012	Journal of Engineering Science and Technology	7	6	None	Department of Forestry and Wildlife, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria; Department of Forest Resources Management, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria	Sotannde, O.A., Department of Forestry and Wildlife, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria; Oluwadare, A.O., Department of Forest Resources Management, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Ogedoh, O., Department of Forestry and Wildlife, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria; Adeogun, P.F., Department of Forestry and Wildlife, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria	The study was design to evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of cement-bonded particleboards produced from Afzelia africana wood residues. The production variables investigated were three wood particle types (flakes, flake-sawdust mix and sawdust), three chemical accelerators (CaCl2, MgCl2 and AlCl3) and four wood-cement ratios (1:2.0, 1:2.5, 1:3.0 and 1:3.5). The accelerators were based on 2% by weight of cement used. The boards produced were subjected to physical tests such as density, percentage water absorption and thickness swelling. Mechanical properties evaluated were modulus of rupture, internal bonding strength and compressive strength. The results revealed that the type of particle used, wood-cement ratio and chemical additives had a marked influence on the physical and mechanical properties of the boards (p &lt; 0.05). From quality view point, flake-sawdust composite ranked best while flake boards ranked least. Similarly, CaCl2 had the best influence on the setting of the boards followed by MgCl2 and AlCl3. Finally, it has been shown that particle boards that satisfied the BISON type HZ requirement and ISO 8335 can be produced from Afzelia africana particularly at wood-cement of 1:2.5 and above. © School of Engineering, Taylor's University.	Afzelia africana; Chemical additives; Physico-mechanical properties; Sawdust; Wood flakes	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84882739924	Growth performance of Clarias gariepinus fed different levels of agama agama meal diets	Tiamiyu L.O., Ataguba G.A., Jimoh J.O.	2013	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	12	5	None	Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria	Tiamiyu, L.O., Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria; Ataguba, G.A., Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria; Jimoh, J.O., Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria	This study was investigated the utilization of agama lizard meat meal (Agama agama) as dietary protein source in the diets of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings (MW±SE = 33.48 g±0.13). The fingerlings were fed four Isonitrogenous and Isocaloric diets containing blends of agama lizard meal in percentages of 0 (Diet I), 10 (Diet II), 20 (Diet III) and 30% (Diet IV) respectively for 8 weeks at 5% body weight. Mean weight gain (MWG) ranged from 22.85g (Diet I) to 42.80g (Diet III) and Specific Growth Rate (SGR) ranged from 0.93% per day (Diet 1) to 1.46% per day (Diet III). Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) was between 2.61 (Diet III) and 2.96 (Diet IV). There was however no significant differences (p>0.05) in these parameters for all the test diets. Proximate composition of carcass shows significant differences (p<0.05) in moisture and ash contents with no significant differences observed for all the other proximate composition parameters. From the foregoing, agama lizard meal can be included at any level but it is recommended that 20% inclusion level be used. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2013.	Agama lizard; Clarias gariepinus; Protein; Utilization	agama agama; animal experiment; animal food; article; ash; body growth; body weight; carcass; Clarias gariepinus; controlled study; fingerling; fish; growth rate; lizard; lizard meat meal; maize; meat; moisture; nonhuman; protein intake; rice bran; soybean; weight gain	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77049112778	Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of root and leaf extracts of Terminalia Glaucescens	Ayepola O.O.	2009	Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences	3	2	None	Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, PMB 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria	Ayepola, O.O., Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, PMB 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria	An assessment of the antimicrobial activity of the leaf and root extracts of Terminalia glaucescens against certain bacterial isolates were carried out. The organisms tested included Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus anthracis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and Proteus spp, using the agar dilution method. The root and leaf extracts showed appreciable activity against all the tested organisms. However the root extract was found to have a higher activity at 100mg mL-than the 1 leaf extract at the same concentration especially on the two Gram positive bacteria tested. The mean diameter of the zones of inhibition exhibited by the extracts was between 15mm and 33mm. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the extracts against the bacterial isolates were also determined. The lowest MIC observed for both the root and leaf extracts was 6.25 on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was compared with ampicillin used as a positive control. © 2009, American Eurasian Network for Scientific Information.	Agar dilution method; Antibacterial activity; Phytochemical screening; Terminalia glaucescens	Bacillus anthracis; Bacteria (microorganisms); Candida albicans; Escherichia coli; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Posibacteria; Proteus (enterobacteria); Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Salmonella typhi; Staphylococcus aureus; Terminalia; Terminalia glaucescens	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84929271678	Comparative efficacy evaluation of seven commercial injectable ceftriaxone purchased at Ambo, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia, using agar well plate diffusion method	Gunasekaran T., Desta E.D., Seifu M.F., Gelaw B.K., G/Mariam E.T., Ahmed M.	2015	Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research	6	2	10.1111/jphs.12095	Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia	Gunasekaran, T., Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia; Desta, E.D., Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia; Seifu, M.F., Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia; Gelaw, B.K., Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia; G/Mariam, E.T., Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia; Ahmed, M., Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia	Background: Irrational use of this drug leads to emergence of resistant bacteria and also leads to infections that are worse than the original diagnosed ones. Important concern is the uncertainty of administered antibiotics about whether the quality of a generic medicine is equal to brand name drug; if both brand/generic are bioequivalent, then antibiotic selection should be based on the cost of therapy. Methods: The efficacy of seven ceftriaxone brands available at Ambo, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia, was evaluated by microwell plate diffusion technique against four different bacteria. Results: All brands of two concentrations were showed sufficient inhibitory activity against four microorganisms, so they should all be considered as bioequivalence. Among all brands tested, B6 showed higher activity against Escherichia coli American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 10536, Staphylococcus aureusATCC29737 and Pseudomonas aeruginosaATCC25619, and B1 showed higher activity against Salmonella typhiATCC06775. Interestingly, the concentration C2 (50μg/ml) of B1-B7 showed equivalent zone of inhibition to that of the standard. Conclusion: We conclude that performance of tested ceftriaxone injectable products were equivalent to the standard. We recommend that the physicians may select the ceftriaxone brand which is low cost in order to reduce the cost of treatment. © 2015 Royal Pharmaceutical Society.	Agar well plate diffusion technique; Comparative antibacterial efficacy; Injectable ceftriaxone	ceftriaxone; agar diffusion; antibacterial activity; antibiotic sensitivity; Article; bioequivalence; comparative effectiveness; concentration response; controlled study; drug determination; Escherichia coli; nonhuman; priority journal; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi; standardization; Staphylococcus aureus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84905158972	Impact of climate change on river flows in the Black Volta River	Sawai N., Kobayashi K., Apip, Takara K., Ishikawa H., Yokomatsu M., Samaddar S., Juati A.-N., Kranjac-Berisavljevic G.	2014	Journal of Disaster Research	9	4	None	Research and Development Center, Nippon Koei Co., Ltd., 2304 Inarihara, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 300-1259, Japan; Research Center for Urban Safety and Security, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-machi, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan; Research Centre for Limnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Cibinong Science Centre, Jl. Raya Jakarta km 46, Cibinong, Jawa Barat, Indonesia; Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan; Ghana Meteorological Agency, Legon, Accra, LG 87, Ghana; University for Development Studies, UDS, P.O. Box TL, 1350 Tamale, Ghana	Sawai, N., Research and Development Center, Nippon Koei Co., Ltd., 2304 Inarihara, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 300-1259, Japan; Kobayashi, K., Research Center for Urban Safety and Security, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-machi, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan; Apip, Research Centre for Limnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Cibinong Science Centre, Jl. Raya Jakarta km 46, Cibinong, Jawa Barat, Indonesia; Takara, K., Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan; Ishikawa, H., Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan; Yokomatsu, M., Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan; Samaddar, S., Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan; Juati, A.-N., Ghana Meteorological Agency, Legon, Accra, LG 87, Ghana; Kranjac-Berisavljevic, G., University for Development Studies, UDS, P.O. Box TL, 1350 Tamale, Ghana	This paper assesses the impact of climate change in the Black Volta River by using data output from the atmospheric general circulation model with a 20-km resolution (AGCM20) through the Japanese Meteorological Agency (JMA) and the Meteorological Research Institute (MRI). The Black Volta, which flows mainly in Burkina Faso and Ghana in West Africa, is a major tributary of the Volta River. The basin covers 142,056 km2 and has a semi-arid tropical climate. Before applying AGCM20 output to a rainfall-runoff model, the performance of the AGCM20 rainfall data is investigated by comparing it with the observed rainfall in the Black Volta Basin. To assess the possible impact of rainfall change on river flow, a kinematic wave model, which takes into consideration saturated and unsaturated subsurface soil zones, was performed. The rainfall analysis shows that, the correlation coefficient of the monthly rainfall between the observed rainfall and AGCM20 for the present climate (1979-2004) is 0.977. In addition, the analysis shows that AGCM20 overestimates precipitation during the rainy season and underestimates the dry season for the present climate. The analysis of the AGCM20 output shows the precipitation pattern change in the future (2075-2099). In the future, precipitation is expected to increase by 3%, whereas evaporation and transpiration are expected to increase by 5% and by 8%, respectively. Also, daily maximum rainfall is expected to be 20 mm, or 60%, higher. Thus, the future climate in this region is expected to be more severe. The rainfall-runoff simulation is successfully calibrated at the Bamboi discharge gauging station in the Black Volta fromJune 2000 to December 2000 with 0.72 of the Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency index. The model is applied with AGCM20 outputs for the present climate (1979-2004) and future climate (2075-2099). The results indicate that future discharge will decrease from January to July at the rate of the maximum of 50% and increase fromAugust to December at the rate of the maximumof 20% in the future. Therefore, comprehensive planning for both floods and droughts are urgently needed in this region.	AGCM20; Climate change; Distributed rainfall-runoff model; Flood; The Black Volta River	Climate change; Computer simulation; Drought; Floods; Flow of water; Rain; Rivers; Runoff; Transpiration; AGCM20; Atmospheric general circulation models; Correlation coefficient; Distributed rainfall-runoff models; Meteorological research institutes; Precipitation patterns; Rainfall-runoff modeling; Rainfall-runoff simulations; Climate models	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-32544440191	Calculating age-adjusted cancer survival estimates when age-specific data are sparse: An empirical evaluation of various methods	Gondos A., Parkin D.M., Chokunonga E., Brenner H.	2006	British Journal of Cancer	94	3	10.1038/sj.bjc.6602976	Department of Epidemiology, German Centre for Research on Ageing, Bergheimer Str. 20, Heidelberg 69115, Germany; Unit of Descriptive Epidemiology, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Zimbabwe National Cancer Registry, Harare, Zimbabwe	Gondos, A., Department of Epidemiology, German Centre for Research on Ageing, Bergheimer Str. 20, Heidelberg 69115, Germany; Parkin, D.M., Unit of Descriptive Epidemiology, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France, Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Chokunonga, E., Zimbabwe National Cancer Registry, Harare, Zimbabwe; Brenner, H., Department of Epidemiology, German Centre for Research on Ageing, Bergheimer Str. 20, Heidelberg 69115, Germany	We evaluated empirically the performance of various methods of calculating age-adjusted survival estimates when age-specific data are sparse. We have illustrated that a recently proposed alternative method of age adjustment involving the use of balanced age groups or age truncation may be useful for enhancing calculability and reliability of adjusted survival estimates. © 2006 Cancer Research UK.	Age-adjusted survival; Cancer survival; Sparse data	adolescent; adult; aged; article; cancer survival; child; data analysis; human; infant; mathematical analysis; priority journal; reliability; survival; Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Child; Child, Preschool; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Research Design	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897783112	Comparative evaluation of non-genetic factors affecting milk yield and composition of Red Dane and Jersey cattle in Zimbabwe	Nyamushamba G.B., Halimani T.E., Imbayarwo-Chikosi V.E., Tavirimirwa B.	2014	SpringerPlus	3	1	10.1186/2193-1801-3-88	Women's University in Africa, P.O. Box, MP 1222, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Department of Animal Science, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP 167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Department of Research and Specialist Services, Matopos Research Institute, P Bag k5137 Bulawayo, Zimbabwe	Nyamushamba, G.B., Women's University in Africa, P.O. Box, MP 1222, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Halimani, T.E., Department of Animal Science, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP 167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Imbayarwo-Chikosi, V.E., Department of Animal Science, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP 167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Tavirimirwa, B., Department of Research and Specialist Services, Matopos Research Institute, P Bag k5137 Bulawayo, Zimbabwe	A study was carried out to evaluate non genetic factors affecting milk yield and milk composition in Zimbabwean Red Dane and Jersey cattle cattle. A total of 1004 and 10 986 unedited Red Dane and Jersey 305-day lactation records respectively, were obtained from Livestock Identification Trust (LIT) containing 22 herds (1 Red Dane herd and 21 Jersey herds), with Red Dane calving in the period 2004 to 2009 (giving year of birth from 1998 to 2007) and Jersey cows calving in the period 1996 to 2008 (giving year of birth from 1994 to 2005). The General Linear Model (GLM) procedure of the Statistical Analysis System (SAS, 2004) version 9.1.3 was used to determine the genetic parameters and environmental factors. Calving interval, month of calving, parity and quadratic effects of age at calving fitted as covariates significantly (P < 0.0001) affected the milk, fat and protein yields. Milk, fat and protein yields obtained increased with an increase in calving interval. There was a linear and quadratic relationship between the production traits and age at calving of the Jersey cattle implying that milk, fat and protein yields increase with age of the animal. It is thus important to preadjust data for these environmental factors when carrying out genetic evaluations of production traits in dairy cattle. © 2014 Nyamushamba et al.	Age at calving; Calving interval; Month of calving; Non-genetic factors	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84904538961	The effect of non-genetic factors on the reproductive performance of Sanga and Friesian × Sanga crossbred dairy cattle breeds kept under hot and humid environment	Apori S.O., Hagan J.K.	2014	Tropical Animal Health and Production	46	6	10.1007/s11250-014-0604-7	Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana	Apori, S.O., Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Hagan, J.K., Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana	A study was conducted to assess the effect of non-genetic factors on the reproductive performance of Sanga and Friesian × Sanga crossbred dairy cattle kept at Amrahia Dairy Farm, Ghana. Records on 66 crossbred Friesian × Sanga and 105 purebred Sanga cattle from 2005 to 2012 were used. The effect of sex of calf (male or female), season of calving (major, minor and dry), year of calving (2005-2012) and parity (first to third) on birthweight, calving interval and age at first calving were determined. The data were analyzed using the general linear model procedures of GenStat (Discovery Edition). The effect of parity of dam, year of calving, season of calving and sex of calf were considered as fixed effects for evaluating the different reproductive traits. Data on calving and conception rates over the period were 74.3 and 76.1 %, respectively. The overall mean values for birthweight, age at first calving and calving interval obtained were 23.9 ± 1.5 and 22.8 ± 1.4 kg, 38.8 ± 2.5 and 40.2 ± 2.4 months and 390.8 ± 12.5 and 413.6 ± 12.1 days for the crossbred and Sanga, respectively. It was observed that all the major determinants of reproductive performance studied apart from birthweight were significantly influenced by year of birth, parity, season of calving and sex. © 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Age at first calving; Birthweight; Calving interval; Friesian; Reproductive; Sanga	Animalia; Bos; Friesia; Sanga; animal; birth weight; Bovinae; breeding; cross breeding; dairying; female; fertilization; Ghana; heat; humidity; male; parity; physiology; pregnancy; procedures; reproduction; season; sex difference; statistical model; tropic climate; Animals; Birth Weight; Breeding; Cattle; Crosses, Genetic; Dairying; Female; Fertilization; Ghana; Hot Temperature; Humidity; Linear Models; Male; Parity; Pregnancy; Reproduction; Seasons; Sex Factors; Tropical Climate	None
None	None	Reproductive and lactation performances of Ayrshire and Boran crossbred cattle kept in smallholder farms in Mufindi district, Tanzania	Chenyambuga S.W., Mseleko K.F.	2009	Livestock Research for Rural Development	21	7	None	Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O.Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania	Chenyambuga, S.W., Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O.Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania; Mseleko, K.F., Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O.Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania	This study was carried out to determine the reproduction and lactation parameters of Ayrshire x Boran F1 crosses kept by small-scale farmers in Mufindi district, Tanzania. The study involved 48 small-scale dairy farmers located in six villages. The mean (± s.e.) herd size of the selected farmers was 3.7 ± 0.3. Data on breeding dates, calving dates, drying off dates, daily milk yield and deaths of calves were obtained from records kept by the selected farmers from 1997 to 2007. The data were used to compute age at first calving, calving interval, days open, number of services per conception, calf mortality, lactation milk yield, lactation length and dry period. The overall mean for age at first calving (AFC) was 38.4 ± 0.5 months and for calving interval was 402.6 ± 3.0 days. The AFC was significantly (P ≤ 0.001) influenced by the season of birth while calving interval was significantly (P ≤ 0.001) affected by the year of calving and parity. The overall mean length of the days open period was 100.7 ± 3.6 days. Year of calving, season of calving and parity significantly (P≤ 0.05) affected the length of the days-open period. The number of services per conception was between 2 and 3. The overall calf mortality rate was 18.2% and was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) influenced by year of birth and sex of the animal. The overall mean lactation length was 287.7 ± 2.5 days. Lactation milk yield increased with parity from 1260.6 to 1760.5 litres in the first and fourth parity, respectively. Lactation length and lactation milk yield were significantly (P≤ 0.05) affected by year of calving and parity. The overall mean dry period was 107.5 ± 4.5 days. The dry period was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected by year of calving, season of calving and parity. It is concluded that the performance of the Boran x Ayrshire crossbred cows in the study area is unsatisfactory due to advanced age at first calving, prolonged calving intervals, shorter lactation length, lower lactation milk yield and high calf mortality rate.	Age at first calving; Calf mortality; Calving interval; Lactation length; Milk yield	Animalia; Bos	None
None	None	Effect of breed, season, year and parity on reproductive performance of dairy cattle under smallholder production system in Bukoba district, Tanzania	Asimwe L., Kifaro G.C.	2007	Livestock Research for Rural Development	19	10	None	Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O.Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania	Asimwe, L., Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O.Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania; Kifaro, G.C., Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O.Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania	A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of breed level and non-genetic factors on reproductive performance of dairy cattle under smallholder production system. The study focused on assessing the reproductive efficiency of dairy cattle under smallholder farms in Bukoba district, Tanzania. Data on age at first calving (AFC), calving to first service interval (CFSI), number of services per conception (NSC), days open (DO) and calving interval (CI) were collected from Kagera Dairy Development Trust (KADADET) in Bukoba district. General Linear models procedure of Statistical Analysis System (SAS) computer software was used to analyse the data. The fixed effects considered in the analyses were genetic group, parity, season and period of birth or of calving. The overall mean for AFC was 35.1±9.7 months with a coefficient of variation of 18.6%, for CFSI it was 196.95±1.8 days with a coefficient of variation of 20% while the mean for NSC was 1.66±0.0 with a coefficient of variation of 21%. Further, the mean DO was 205.2±2.6 days with coefficient of variation of 19%, and CI averaged 480.4±2.4 days with a coefficient of variation of 22%. AFC was significantly affected by period of birth (P&lt;0.001), level of exotic blood (P&lt;0.05) and season of birth (P&lt;0.05). Genetic group significantly influenced CFSI, NSC, CI (P&lt;0.05) and DO (P&lt;0.001). F1 crosses performed better than high-grades in all the traits with 34.6 months of AFC, 171 days of CFSI, 182 days of DO, and 455 days of CI. Season of calving significantly influenced CFSI (P&lt;0.01), CI (P&lt;0.001), NSC and DO (P&lt;0.05). Cows calving in the long rain season were superior with 17 days of CFSI, 21 days open and had shorter (by 27 days) CI than those calving in the long dry season. Parity and period of calving significantly affected CFSI (P&lt;0.05 and P&lt;0.001), NSC (P&lt;0.05), DO (P&lt;0.01 and P&lt;0.001), CI (P&lt;0.05 and P&lt;0.001) respectively. For these traits, performance was improving by advancement in age of cows. Milk yield in the first 100 days of lactation had no significant influence on post-calving reproductive traits. It was concluded that reproductive performance was best in the long rain season and that with respect to reproductive traits F1 crosses were better than high grades in Bukoba district.	Age at first calving; Calving interval; Calving to first service interval; Days open; Genetic and non-genetic factors; Number of services per conception	Bos	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84881520472	The effect of geographical region of birth on the reproductive performance of the Nguni in Southern Mozambique	Maciel S., Okeyo A.M., Amimo J., Scholtz M.M., Neser F.W.C., Martins M.	2013	South African Journal of Animal Sciences	43	5	10.4314/sajas.v43i5.11	Department of Animal Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, UFS, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; International Livestock Research Institute, Biotechnology Theme, Nairobi, Kenya; ARC-Animal Production Institute, Irene, South Africa; REMOC, Reprodutores de Mozambique, Lda, Posto Fomento Impaputo, Maputo, Mozambique	Maciel, S., Department of Animal Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, UFS, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Okeyo, A.M., International Livestock Research Institute, Biotechnology Theme, Nairobi, Kenya; Amimo, J., International Livestock Research Institute, Biotechnology Theme, Nairobi, Kenya; Scholtz, M.M., Department of Animal Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, UFS, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa, ARC-Animal Production Institute, Irene, South Africa; Neser, F.W.C., Department of Animal Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, UFS, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Martins, M., REMOC, Reprodutores de Mozambique, Lda, Posto Fomento Impaputo, Maputo, Mozambique	The objective of this study was to assess the effect of place of birth on the reproductive performance of two Nguni ecotypes (Nguni and Landim) raised in a sub-tropical environment to enhance strategies for livestock development and restocking programmes within the southern African region. Reproduction data collected between 1994 and 2009 from 301 cows of the Landim (n = 122) and Nguni (n = 179) ecotypes were analysed. Results indicated that ecotype and place of birth had significant effects on age at first calving (AFC) and calving interval (CI). The means for AFC were 1085 and 1003 days, those for CI were 422 and 436 days, while the calving rate (CR) was 90.0% and 85.7% for the Nguni and Landim, respectively. This study demonstrates for the first time a possible genotype by environment interaction between Nguni ecotypes. This might aid future cattle development and restocking programmes in southern Africa, taking into consideration the adaptation of indigenous genotypes and climate change.	Age at first calving; Calving interval; Ecotypes; Environment; Landim	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84936095380	Milk yield and reproductive performance of pure jersey dairy cattle in the central highlands of Ethiopia	Hunde D., Mészáros G., Dessie T., Assefa G., Tadesse M., Sölkner J.	2015	Livestock Research for Rural Development	27	7	None	Holetta Agricultural Research Center, P. O. Box 31, Holetta, Ethiopia; University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Department of Sustainable Agricultural Systems, Gregor Mendel str. 33, Vienna, Austria; International Livestock Research Institute, P. O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Hunde, D., Holetta Agricultural Research Center, P. O. Box 31, Holetta, Ethiopia; Mészáros, G., University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria, Department of Sustainable Agricultural Systems, Gregor Mendel str. 33, Vienna, Austria; Dessie, T., International Livestock Research Institute, P. O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Assefa, G., Holetta Agricultural Research Center, P. O. Box 31, Holetta, Ethiopia; Tadesse, M., Holetta Agricultural Research Center, P. O. Box 31, Holetta, Ethiopia; Sölkner, J., University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria	The reproductive and productive performances of dairy cows are essential for the profitability of dairy farmers. The aim of this study was to determine milk yield and reproductive performance of pure Jersey dairy cattle at Adea Berga Dairy Research Center in the central highlands of Ethiopia. General linear model was used to estimate the effect of fixed factors. Overall 3015 performance records were used. The least squares mean of reproductive performances were 30 months for age at first calving, 497 days for calving interval and 2 for number of services per conception. The least square mean of lactation milk yield was 2155 kg in 336 days lactation length. The influence of birth year and birth season were significant on age at first calving (P<0.001). Lactation milk yield, lactation length, calving interval and number of services per conception were significantly affected by year and parity (P<0.001). However, calving season did not have significant influence on calving interval and lactation milk (p>0.05). The results indicate that Jersey cows under the particular management of Adea Berga Farm produced reasonable amounts of milk. The value of age at first calving (30 months) recorded for a Jersey cow in this study was promising. The feeding and animal health intervention is essential to reduce the environmental stress. Since the farm is being used as genetic pool to recruit bulls for crossbreeding activities, better breeding schemes should be designed for further improvement of reproductive and productive performances of Jersey cattle. © 2015 Fundacion CIPAV. All rights reserved.	Age at first calving; Calving interval; Number of services per conception	Animalia; Bos	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84855759224	Productive and reproductive performance of Zebu X Holstein-Friesian crossbred dairy cows in Jimma town, Oromia, Ethiopia	Duguma B., Kechero Y., Janssens G.P.J.	2012	Global Veterinaria	8	1	None	Department of Animal Science, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium	Duguma, B., Department of Animal Science, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Kechero, Y., Department of Animal Science, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Janssens, G.P.J., Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium	The aim of the study was to assess productive and reproductive performance of crossbred (Zebu x Holstein-Friesian) dairy cows and factors affecting their performance in Jimma town, Oromia State, Ethiopia. A total of 54 small-scale dairy farm owners were randomly selected and interviewed with pre-tested structured questionnaire were conducted to obtain information on the productive and reproductive performance of cows. A follow-up studies was also conducted to obtain milk production based on lactation stages. The results of the study showed that from the follow-up study, the mean daily milk yield for the first, second and third stage of lactations was 7.01± 2.73, 5.55±2.83 and 3.50±1.64 liters per cow, respectively. The milk yield was decreased significantly in the third stage of lactation than that of first and second (P<0.01). The milk yield was observed significantly (P<0.01) higher in the morning than in the evening for the three stage of lactations. From the survey results, the mean milk production per day/cow and per lactation was 8.45±1.23 and 2314.45 litres, respectively. The overall average lactation length was 9.13±1.99 months The mean age at first service(Months), age at first calving (year), days open till conception, calving interval (Months) and number of services per conception from survey data were 24.30±8.01, 3.05±0.65, 21.36±3.84 months and 1.56±0.57, respectively. The present study showed that productive and reproductive performance of crossbred cows owned by small-scale dairy producers in Jimma town was low. Thus, there is a need to improve feed supply, health care and services, access to artificial insemination, proper breeding management and supply of improved genotypes in order to improve the performance of dairy cows in the study area,. © IDOSI Publications, 2012.	Age at first calving; Caving interval; Lactation stage; Milk production; Oromia	Bos; Bos indicus; Friesia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-48249098482	Non-genetic factors influencing post-weaning growth and reproductive performances of Arsi-Bale goats	Dadi H., Duguma G., Shelima B., Fayera T., Tadesse M., Woldu T., Tucho T.A.	2008	Livestock Research for Rural Development	20	7	None	Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P. O. Box: 35, Ziway, Ethiopia; Bako Agricultural Research Center, P.O.Box: 3, Bako, Ethiopia	Dadi, H., Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P. O. Box: 35, Ziway, Ethiopia; Duguma, G., Bako Agricultural Research Center, P.O.Box: 3, Bako, Ethiopia; Shelima, B., Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P. O. Box: 35, Ziway, Ethiopia; Fayera, T., Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P. O. Box: 35, Ziway, Ethiopia; Tadesse, M., Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P. O. Box: 35, Ziway, Ethiopia; Woldu, T., Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P. O. Box: 35, Ziway, Ethiopia; Tucho, T.A., Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P. O. Box: 35, Ziway, Ethiopia	A study was conducted to investigate the effects of non-genetic factors on post weaning growth and reproductive performances of Arsi-Bale goats maintained at Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center in the mid Rift Valley of Ethiopia. The fixed effects of year, season, dam parity, sex of kids and litter sizes on post weaning growth traits were investigated while dam age in addition to the above factors, was used in investigating the reproductive performances of does. Year significantly affected (P <0.05 and P <0.001) all traits considered in the study, except for the 18-month live weights of kids. Season did affect only weaning weight (3MW) of kids while parity significantly affected 3MW, 6 months weight (6MW), 6- to 12-months daily weight gain of kids (ADG2) and litter sizes. Its effect increased with increasing parity with heaviest 3MW (8.7kg) and 6MW (10.6kg) and largest litter sizes of 2.1±0.10 being achieved in sixth parity. Sex of kids significantly influenced (P <0.001) all growth traits considered in the current study, except for the 3-to 6-months growth rate of kids (ADG1). Males were heavier and grew faster than females. However, the effect of litter size was only on 3MW, 6MW and yearling weight (12MW). Single born kids were heavier at 3-, 6- and 12-months of age and the litter size effect disappeared thereafter. Dam age significantly affected age at first kidding. The effects of non-genetic factors on both growth and reproductive traits considered were significant and hence will need to be considered in goat breed improvement program.	Age at first kidding; Arsi Bale goat; Ethiopia; Kidding interval; Litter size; Parity; Season; Sex; Year	Capra hircus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84877590894	Breeding practices and reproductive performance of traditionally managed indigenous sheep and goat in Ilu Abba Bora zone of Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia	Urgessa D., Duguma B., Demeke S., Tolamariam T.	2013	Global Veterinaria	10	6	10.5829/idosi.gv.2013.10.6.64163	Illu Abba Bora Zone Office of Agriculture and Rural Development, Mettu, Ethiopia; Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Jimma University, P.O. Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia	Urgessa, D., Illu Abba Bora Zone Office of Agriculture and Rural Development, Mettu, Ethiopia; Duguma, B., Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Jimma University, P.O. Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia; Demeke, S., Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Jimma University, P.O. Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia; Tolamariam, T., Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Jimma University, P.O. Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia	The aim of this study was to assess the breeding practices and reproductive performance of sheep and goats in three districts of Ilu Aba Bora Zone, Ethiopia. A total of 270 (90 from each district) households were randomly selected for the study and the heads of the households were interviewed using pre-tested, structured questionnaire. Findings of the study indicated that 26% of respondents had breeding rams and bucks, while 74% of them share breeding rams and bucks with their neighbors. Breeding was predominantly uncontrolled. Kidding/lambing occurred all the year round with 37.8 and 38.1% of lambs and kids were dropped in wet season. Coat color, body conformation and pedigree performance were considered as the most important criteria in selecting breeding rams and bucks showing significant (P<0.05) difference between districts. Age at puberty was 5-8 months in sheep and 5-6 months in goats. The average age at first parturition was 10-11 months in 43 and 52%of sheep and goats, respectively. Parturition interval was 9-10 months in 62 and 61.9% of sheep and goats, respectively. About 59, 38 and 1.5% respondents reported that ewes give single, twine and triple births, respectively, while 58, 40 and 1.1% of respondents revealed that does give single, twine and triple births, respectively. The study observed that reproductive performance of sheep and goats was generally found to be low. Thus, small ruminant productivity would be improved if adequate attention is paid to alleviate the technical constraints, increase adoption of improved technologies and appropriate delivery of extension messages. © IDOSI Publications, 2013.	Age at first lambing/kidding; Breeding; Goats; Puberty; Selection; Sheep	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650989653	Farmers' perceptions of the causes of low reproductive performance in cows kept under low-input communal production systems in South Africa	Nqeno N., Chimonyo M., Mapiye C.	2011	Tropical Animal Health and Production	43	2	10.1007/s11250-010-9691-2	Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, P. Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa	Nqeno, N., Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, P. Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; Chimonyo, M., Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, P. Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; Mapiye, C., Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, P. Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa	The objective of the study was to determine farmers' perceptions of the causes of low reproductive performance in Nguni cows raised on communal rangelands in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Data were collected using participatory rural appraisals and structured questionnaires that were administered to 551 randomly selected farmers from ten communities in the Eastern Cape. Cattle herd sizes ranged from 3 to 11 and were mainly composed of cows. Cattle sales were ranked as the most important use of cattle in all the villages. Tick-borne diseases and poor animal condition were reported as chief constraints of cattle production in most communities. More than 60% of the interviewees reported that the age at puberty and age at first calving for their cows varied between 18 and 36, and 24 and 48 months, respectively. About 95% of the respondents reported long calving intervals and low bull numbers as major causes of low reproductive performance in cows in the communal areas. It was concluded that farmers perceived delayed age at puberty and at first calving, long calving intervals and low bull numbers as the major causes of low reproductive performance in Nguni cows raised on communal rangelands in South Africa. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Age at puberty; Calving interval; Cow fertility; Low bull numbers; Youth participation	agriculture; animal; article; cattle; female; information processing; occupation; physiology; pregnancy; questionnaire; reproduction; sexual maturation; South Africa; Agriculture; Animals; Cattle; Data Collection; Female; Occupations; Pregnancy; Questionnaires; Reproduction; Sexual Maturation; South Africa; Animalia; Bos; Ixodida	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77954766502	Success profiling: A methodological perspective on the interactive nature of success predictors on student performance at an open and distance learning institution	Müller H., Swanepoel E., De Beer A.	2010	Perspectives in Education	28	2	None	Research Directorate, University of South Africa, South Africa; Department of Business Management, University of South Africa, South Africa	Müller, H., Research Directorate, University of South Africa, South Africa; Swanepoel, E., Department of Business Management, University of South Africa, South Africa; De Beer, A., Department of Business Management, University of South Africa, South Africa	The drive to improve the academic performance of students at an open and distance learning (ODL) institution has resulted in the incorporation of a blended learning component, namely satellite classes, in the learning strategy to enhance the academic performance of first year diploma students in Business Management and Management. Monitoring this intervention to justify implementation costs (Mathur & Oliver, 2007:3) and effectiveness in relation to student performance is essential. Whereas an initial study confirmed a statistically significant relationship between satellite class attendance and academic performance, this study evaluated the interaction effect of satellite classes and additional, potential success predictors on academic performance by applying the Chi-square Automatic Interaction Detector (CHAID) methodology. This decision tree methodology described the interactive driving forces that impacted on student success. Satellite class intervention and biographical student attributes constituted the driving forces. The CHAID analysis enabled the profiling of successful and at-risk students. The decision tree algorithm mimics true life situations where various effects interactively and jointly influence and predict an outcome. The results showed that satellite class intervention as such was an effective and significant predictor of performance, but that the critical interacting nature of satellite class attendance and additional co-predictors, such as population group and type of matriculation certificate, considerably strengthened performance prediction.	Age; At-risk profile; Blended learning intervention; Business Management; CHAID analysis; Data partitioning; Decision trees; Matriculation certificate; ODL; Population group; Satellite class attendance; Student performance; Success profile; Throughput	None	None
None	None	Evaluation of Tanzanian local chicken reared under intensive and semi-intensive systems: I. Growth performance and carcass characteristics	Mbaga S.H., Sanka Y.D.	2014	Livestock Research for Rural Development	26	7	None	Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries Development, P.O. Box 9152, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania	Mbaga, S.H., Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries Development, P.O. Box 9152, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Sanka, Y.D., Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania	The objective of this study was to determine the effect of rearing systems, sex and age at slaughter on growth performance and carcass traits of local chicken. A total of 96 local weaned chicks (two months old) were bought from farmers in Morogoro peri-urban and reared under two different rearing system viz. intensive and semi-intensive systems. The birds were initially weighed and randomly assigned to each rearing system with equal number of males and females (48 birds per system). Two pens with deep litter were used to house the birds. Spacing for birds in both systems was 4birds/m2. However, birds under semi-intensive system had free access to grassy paddock (1 bird/10m2). All birds were offered the same diet with semi-intensive group receiving half of what was offered to the intensive group. Random sample of 24 males and 24 females in each rearing system were slaughtered at five and seven month. Body weights at slaughter and body weight gain of birds from semi-intensive system were significantly lower than of those kept in intensive system. There was no difference in dressing percentage between the two rearing systems, the values being 65.2% and 65.7% for intensive and semi-intensive respectively. Dressing percent was higher (67.7%) at seven month than at five month of age (63.2%). The rearing systems significantly affected the breast percentage, being higher in semi-intensive (25.1%) compared to intensive system (23.3%). Thigh percent was not influenced by rearing system or slaughter age, while drum stick percent was significantly lower at seven month old bird compared to five month old birds. From the study, it is concluded that local chicken with modest supplementation and assuming availability of scavenging feed resources, semi-confinement system of chicken rearing could be more appropriate for the small holder poultry keepers.	Age at slaughter; Foraging; Rearing system; Scavenging; SFB	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878502060	Effect of age and performance on physical, hematological, and biochemical parameters in endurance horses	Adamu L., Noraniza M.A., Rasedee A., Bashir A.	2013	Journal of Equine Veterinary Science	33	6	10.1016/j.jevs.2012.07.015	Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Patholo	Adamu, L., Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria; Noraniza, M.A., Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia; Rasedee, A., Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia; Bashir, A., Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia	Endurance horses are subjected to heightened stress even after several conditioning protocols. Hence, the goal of this study was to examine the effect of age and performance on the hematology, biochemistry, and physical parameters after an endurance race. Eighteen horses aged 6-15 years were grouped into 80-km race category. All the horses were physically examined, and blood samples were collected postrace. After physical examination, the poor (n = 9) and good (n = 9) performance horses were identified. Potassium concentration was significantly higher (P < .05) in the good performance horses; chloride concentration was significantly higher (P < .05) in the poor performance horses. The mean blood glucose concentration of the poor performance horses in all the age-groups was significantly higher (P < .05). The mean blood lactate concentration was significantly lower (P < .05) in the poor performance horses. There was significant effect of performance on heart rate (P < .031), capillary refill time (P < .013), and gut motility (P < .05). Univariate Fisher exact test results were significantly higher for skin recoil (P < .03), mucous membrane (P < .03), and gait (P < .04) in the performance categories. In conclusion, the influence of age was seen in the poor performance category in relation to lactate, but age did not influence other physical, hematological, and biochemical parameters of the endurance horses. Thus, further studies are required to determine whether physical, hematological, and biochemical parameters during training could be used to estimate performance in endurance horses based on age. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.	Age; Biochemical; Endurance horses; Hematological; Performance; Physical	Equidae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84898034540	Do other cardiovascular risk factors influence the impact of age on the association between blood pressure and mortality? the MORGAM Project	Vishram J.K.K., Borglykke A., Andreasen A.H., Jeppesen J., Ibsen H., Jørgensen T., Broda G., Palmieri L., Giampaoli S., Donfrancesco C., Kee F., Mancia G., Cesana G., Kuulasmaa K., Salomaa V., Sans S., Ferrieres J., Tamosiunas A., Söderberg S., McElduff P	2014	Journal of Hypertension	32	5	10.1097/HJH.0000000000000133	Cardiovascular Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Unit, Denmark; Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Nordre Ringvej 57, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark; Division of Cardiology, Holbaek University Hospital, Holbaek, Denmark; Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Prevention, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland; Cerebro and Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, National Centre of Epidemiology, Surveillance, and Promotion of Health, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy; UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health Research (NI), Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom; Clinica Medica e Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy; Research Centre on Chronic Degenerative Diseases (Osp. S. Gerardo), Monza, Italy; National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland; Department of Health, Institute of Health Studies, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cardiology, Rangueil Hospital, Toulouse University School of Medicine, Toulouse, France; Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Cardiology and Heart Centre, Umea University, Umea, Sweden; School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, New-Castle, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Jagiellonian University of Medical College, Krakow, Poland; Department of Endocrinology, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Preventive Clinic, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa	Vishram, J.K.K., Cardiovascular Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Unit, Denmark, Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Nordre Ringvej 57, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark; Borglykke, A., Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Nordre Ringvej 57, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark; Andreasen, A.H., Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Nordre Ringvej 57, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark; Jeppesen, J., Cardiovascular Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Unit, Denmark; Ibsen, H., Division of Cardiology, Holbaek University Hospital, Holbaek, Denmark; Jørgensen, T., Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Nordre Ringvej 57, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark; Broda, G., Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Prevention, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland; Palmieri, L., Cerebro and Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, National Centre of Epidemiology, Surveillance, and Promotion of Health, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy; Giampaoli, S., Cerebro and Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, National Centre of Epidemiology, Surveillance, and Promotion of Health, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy; Donfrancesco, C., Cerebro and Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, National Centre of Epidemiology, Surveillance, and Promotion of Health, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy; Kee, F., UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health Research (NI), Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom; Mancia, G., Clinica Medica e Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy; Cesana, G., Research Centre on Chronic Degenerative Diseases (Osp. S. Gerardo), Monza, Italy; Kuulasmaa, K., National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland; Salomaa, V., National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland; Sans, S., Department of Health, Institute of Health Studies, Barcelona, Spain; Ferrieres, J., Department of Cardiology, Rangueil Hospital, Toulouse University School of Medicine, Toulouse, France; Tamosiunas, A., Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania; Söderberg, S., Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Cardiology and Heart Centre, Umea University, Umea, Sweden; McElduff, P., School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, New-Castle, NSW, Australia; Arveiler, D., Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Pajak, A., Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Jagiellonian University of Medical College, Krakow, Poland; Olsen, M.H., Department of Endocrinology, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Preventive Clinic, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark, Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa	OBJECTIVE: To investigate age-related shifts in the relative importance of SBP and DBP as predictors of cardiovascular mortality and all-cause mortality and whether these relations are influenced by other cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS: Using 42 cohorts from the MORGAM Project with baseline between 1982 and 1997, 85772 apparently healthy Europeans and Australians aged 19-78 years were included. During 13.3 years of follow-up, 9.2% died (of whom 7.2% died due to stroke and 21.1% due to coronary heart disease, CHD). RESULTS: Mortality risk was analyzed using hazard ratios per 10-mmHg/5-mmHg increase in SBP/DBP by multivariate-adjusted Cox regressions, including SBP and DBP simultaneously. Because of nonlinearity, SBP and DBP were analyzed separately for blood pressure (BP) values above and below a cut-point wherein mortality risk was the lowest. For the total population, significantly positive associations were found between stroke mortality and SBP [hazard ratio=1.19 (1.13-1.25)] and DBP at least 78mmHg [hazard ratio=1.08 (1.02-1.14)], CHD mortality and SBP at least 116mmHg [1.20 (1.16-1.24)], and all-cause mortality and SBP at least 120mmHg [1.09 (1.08-1.11)] and DBP at least 82mmHg [1.03 (1.02-1.05)]. BP values below the cut-points were inversely related to mortality risk. Taking into account the age×BP interaction, there was a gradual shift from DBP (19-26 years) to both DBP and SBP (27-62 years) and to SBP (63-78 years) as risk factors for stroke mortality and all-cause mortality, but not CHD mortality. The age at which the importance of SBP exceeded DBP was for stroke mortality influenced by sex, cholesterol, and country risk. CONCLUSION: Age-related shifts to the superiority of SBP exist for stroke mortality and all-cause mortality, and for stroke mortality was this shift influenced by other cardiovascular risk factors. © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health / Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.	age; blood pressure; epidemiology; mortality; risk factors	antihypertensive agent; cholesterol; adult; aged; article; blood pressure; body mass; cardiovascular mortality; cardiovascular risk; cerebrovascular accident; cholesterol blood level; cohort analysis; coronary artery bypass graft; diabetes mellitus; diastolic blood pressure; female; follow up; heart infarction; human; ischemic heart disease; major clinical study; male; prediction; priority journal; self report; smoking; systolic blood pressure; transluminal coronary angioplasty; age; blood pressure; Cardiovascular Diseases; middle aged; mortality; pathophysiology; risk factor; young adult; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cohort Studies; Humans; Middle Aged; Risk Factors; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84868197201	Impact of age on the importance of systolic and diastolic blood pressures for stroke risk: The MOnica, Risk, Genetics, Archiving, and Monograph (MORGAM) Project	Vishram J.K.K., Borglykke A., Andreasen A.H., Jeppesen J., Ibsen H., Jørgensen T., Broda G., Palmieri L., Giampaoli S., Donfrancesco C., Kee F., Mancia G., Cesana G., Kuulasmaa K., Sans S., Olsen M.H.	2012	Hypertension	60	5	10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.112.201400	Cardiovascular Research Unit, Cardiovascular Department of Internal Medicine, Denmark; Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Building 84-85, Nordre Ringvej 57, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark; Division of Cardiology, Holbk University Hospital, Holbk, Denmark; Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Prevention, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland; Cerebro and Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, National Centre of Epidemiology, Surveillance, and Promotion of Health, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy; United Kingdom Clinical Research Collaboration Centre of Excellence for Public Health Research, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom; Clinica Medica e Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy; Research Centre on Chronic Degenerative Diseases Osp. S. Gerardo, Monza, Italy; National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Health Studies, Department of Health, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Hypertension in Africa Research Team, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa	Vishram, J.K.K., Cardiovascular Research Unit, Cardiovascular Department of Internal Medicine, Denmark, Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Building 84-85, Nordre Ringvej 57, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark; Borglykke, A., Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Building 84-85, Nordre Ringvej 57, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark; Andreasen, A.H., Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Building 84-85, Nordre Ringvej 57, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark; Jeppesen, J., Cardiovascular Research Unit, Cardiovascular Department of Internal Medicine, Denmark; Ibsen, H., Division of Cardiology, Holbk University Hospital, Holbk, Denmark; Jørgensen, T., Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Building 84-85, Nordre Ringvej 57, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark; Broda, G., Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Prevention, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland; Palmieri, L., Cerebro and Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, National Centre of Epidemiology, Surveillance, and Promotion of Health, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy; Giampaoli, S., Cerebro and Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, National Centre of Epidemiology, Surveillance, and Promotion of Health, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy; Donfrancesco, C., Cerebro and Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, National Centre of Epidemiology, Surveillance, and Promotion of Health, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy; Kee, F., United Kingdom Clinical Research Collaboration Centre of Excellence for Public Health Research, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom; Mancia, G., Clinica Medica e Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy; Cesana, G., Research Centre on Chronic Degenerative Diseases Osp. S. Gerardo, Monza, Italy; Kuulasmaa, K., National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Sans, S., Institute of Health Studies, Department of Health, Barcelona, Spain; Olsen, M.H., Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark, Hypertension in Africa Research Team, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa	This study investigates age-related shifts in the relative importance of systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures as predictors of stroke and whether these relations are influenced by other cardiovascular risk factors. Using 34 European cohorts from the MOnica, Risk, Genetics, Archiving, and Monograph (MORGAM) Project with baseline between 1982 and 1997, 68 551 subjects aged 19 to 78 years, without cardiovascular disease and not receiving antihypertensive treatment, were included. During a mean of 13.2 years of follow-up, stroke incidence was 2.8%. Stroke risk was analyzed using hazard ratios per 10-mm Hg/5-mm Hg increase in SBP/DBP by multivariate-adjusted Cox regressions, including SBP and DBP simultaneously. Because of nonlinearity, DBP was analyzed separately for DBP <71 mm Hg and DBP <71 mm Hg. Stroke risk was associated positively with SBP and DBP <71 mm Hg (SBP/DBP <71 mm Hg; hazard ratios: 1.15/1.06 [95% CI: 1.12-1.18/1.03-1.09]) and negatively with DBP <71 mm Hg (0.88[0.79-0.98]). The hazard ratio for DBP decreased with age (P<0.001) and was not influenced by other cardiovascular risk factors. Taking into account the age×DBP interaction, both SBP and DBP <71 mm Hg were significantly associated with stroke risk until age 62 years, but in subjects older than 46 years the superiority of SBP for stroke risk exceeded that of DBP <71 mm Hg and remained significant until age 78 years. DBP <71 mm Hg became significant at age 50 years with an inverse relation to stroke risk. In Europeans, stroke risk should be assessed by both SBP and DBP until age 62 years with increased focus on SBP from age 47 years. From age 62 years, emphasis should be on SBP without neglecting the potential harm of very low DBP. © 2012 American Heart Association, Inc.	age; blood pressure; epidemiology; risk factors; stroke	cholesterol; adult; age; aged; antihypertensive therapy; article; body mass; cardiovascular risk; cerebrovascular accident; cholesterol blood level; cohort analysis; controlled study; diastolic blood pressure; Europe; female; follow up; hazard ratio; human; incidence; major clinical study; male; mean arterial pressure; prediction; priority journal; proportional hazards model; pulse pressure; risk assessment; systolic blood pressure; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Blood Pressure; Cohort Studies; Europe; Female; Humans; Incidence; Male; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Proportional Hazards Models; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Stroke; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-49249101708	Comparison of body weight gain performance and carcass characteristics of the two Ethiopian cattle breeds under natural pasture grazing management	Negash M., Lemma T., Dadi H., Feyera T., Woldu T., Alemu T., Shilima B.	2008	Livestock Research for Rural Development	20	8	None	Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P.O.Box 35, Ziway, Ethiopia	Negash, M., Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P.O.Box 35, Ziway, Ethiopia; Lemma, T., Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P.O.Box 35, Ziway, Ethiopia; Dadi, H., Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P.O.Box 35, Ziway, Ethiopia; Feyera, T., Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P.O.Box 35, Ziway, Ethiopia; Woldu, T., Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P.O.Box 35, Ziway, Ethiopia; Alemu, T., Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P.O.Box 35, Ziway, Ethiopia; Shilima, B., Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P.O.Box 35, Ziway, Ethiopia	The study was conducted to see the effect of breed and age on the body weight gain and carcass traits of Borana and Kereyu breed kept under natural pasture grazing management at Adami Tulu Agricultural research center. A total of 32 Borana and 32 Kereyu breed bulls of four age categories from each breed were used for the experiment. The parameters showed an increasing trend across age groups for Borana breed. The highest average daily weight gain were registered at the older age (4, 6, 8 years) respectively and the lowest at younger age (2 years). Fat thickness and dressing percentage of Borana breed was high, however statistically it is not significant (p>0.05). Borana breed managed under similar condition deposited significantly higher (p<0.05) internal fat. Similarly hot carcass and rib eye area were also recorded significantly higher (p<0.05) in Borana breed. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) observed between the two breeds among different age groups of bulls with regard to average total body weight gain (ATG) and average daily body weight gain (ADG). Leg total and accumulation of muscle on it was significantly higher (p<0.05) in Borana than Kereyu breed, but leg bone and fat did not significantly (p>0.05) vary. Loin total and accumulation of muscle on it was significantly higher (p<0.05) in Borana breed, but Loin bone and fat did not significantly (p>0.05) vary. Rack total, bone and accumulation of muscle on it was significantly higher (p<0.05) in Borana breed, but fat did not significantly (p>0.05) vary. Breast and Shank total, bone and accumulation of fat on it was significantly higher (p<0.05) in Borana breed, but muscle did not significantly (p>0.05) vary. Shoulder and neck total, muscle and accumulation of fat on it was significantly higher (p<0.05) in Borana breed, but bone did not significantly (p>0.05) vary. Primal cut proportions, total fat and muscle did not significantly (p>0.05) vary between the two breeds but the total bone was different between the two breeds. Generally Borana breed was preferred for good carcass yield than Kereyu breed in natural grazing management.	Age; Borana; Carcass trait; Kereyu; Range performance; Type	Bos	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-69249102555	Influence of nutritional flushing prior to mating on the performance of West African Dwarf goats mated in the rainy season	Karikari P.K., Blasu E.Y.	2009	Livestock Research for Rural Development	21	7	None	Faculty of Agriculture, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana	Karikari, P.K., Faculty of Agriculture, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana; Blasu, E.Y., Faculty of Agriculture, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana	The effect of nutritional flushing for a period of six weeks prior to mating on the physical condition, serum metabolic and hormonal status at mating, and litter size at birth of 32 pluriparous West African Dwarf (WAD) goats was studied using a 2×2 factorial design. The factors in the design were age (young: 3-4 years old versus old: 5-6 years old) and nutritional flushing regime (pasture alone versus pasture plus concentrate supplementation). The young does gained more weight and body condition (2.0±0.30 kg; 0.53±0.10 units; P>0.05) over the 6-wk nutritional flushing period than the old does (1.4±0.30 kg; 0.40±0.10 units). The overall mean (±se) total serum protein was 86.1±0.76 g/l at mating and did not differ (P>0.05) between treatments. The serum glucose concentrations were also similar for the treatment groups and averaged 2.6±0.10 mmol/l at mating. At the end of the nutritional flushing period, supplemented does had a higher (P<0.05) serum concentration of insulin (19.1±0.63 versus 15.1±0.63 μIU/ml) than the unsupplemented does. Young does also had higher (P<0.05) serum insulin concentrations (19.8±0.63 μIU/ml) than old does (14.3±0.63 μIU/ml). Serum luteinizing hormone (LH) concentration at mating was similar for supplemented and unsupplemented does, but was higher (P<0.05) for young does (11.8±0.23 < mu>IU/ml) than for old does (1.8±0.23 <mu>IU/ml).Young does had a higher litter size (1.81±0.12) than old does (1.50±0.12) and supplemented does had a larger litter (1.81±0.12) than the unsupplemented does (1.50±0.12). These differences were, however, not statistically significant. There was an interaction between age of doe and nutritional flushing treatment with respect to litter size. Young does that were supplemented had a mean (±se) litter size of 2.13±0.18 compared to 1.50±0.18 for each of the other three treatment groups. It was concluded that young (3-4 years old) does may benefit from concentrate supplementation of wet season grazing, but that old does (5-6 years old) will not benefit from this supplementation if they are in moderate body condition six weeks before mating.	Age; Condition score; Native pasture; Reproduction; Supplementation	Capra hircus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84874246015	The impact of HIV-1 infection and exposure on natural killer (NK) cell phenotype in kenyan infants during the first year of life	Slyker J.A., Lohman-Payne B., John-Stewart G.C., Dong T., Mbori-Ngacha D., Tapia K., Atzberger A., Taylor S., Rowland-Jones S.L., Blish C.A.	2012	Frontiers in Immunology	3	DEC	10.3389/fimmu.2012.00399	Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Epidemiology and Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom; Computational Biology Research Group, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine and Stanford Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States; United Nations Children's Fund, Merafe House, 11 Naivasha Rd, Sunninghill Private Bag X44, Sunninghill 2157, South Africa; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland; Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom	Slyker, J.A., Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States, MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom; Lohman-Payne, B., Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; John-Stewart, G.C., Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States, Department of Epidemiology and Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Dong, T., MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom; Mbori-Ngacha, D., Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya, United Nations Children's Fund, Merafe House, 11 Naivasha Rd, Sunninghill Private Bag X44, Sunninghill 2157, South Africa; Tapia, K., Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Atzberger, A., MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland; Taylor, S., Computational Biology Research Group, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom; Rowland-Jones, S.L., MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom; Blish, C.A., Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States, Department of Medicine and Stanford Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States	Natural killer (NK) cells play an important role in the containment of HIV replication during primary infection, though their functions are impaired during chronic HIV infection. Infants experience more rapid HIV disease progression than adults, but contributions of infant NK cells to containing HIV infection are unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of HIV infection on infant NK cell phenotype by evaluating samples and data from a cohort study of women and their infants, conducted in Nairobi, Kenya between 1999 and 2003. The percentage and phenotype of NK cells was evaluated longitudinally by multi-parameter flow cytometry over the first year of life in HIV-infected (HIV+, = 16), HIV-exposed uninfected (HIV-EU, n = 6), and healthy unexposed controls (HIV-, n = 4). At birth, NK subset distributions based on expression of CD56 and CD16 did not differ between HIV+, HIV-EU, or HIV- infants. However, HIV infection was associated with a subsequent decline in NK cells as a percentage of total lymphocytes (p &lt; 0.001), and an expanding proportion of CD56-CD16+ NK cells (p &lt; 0.001). Activated CD38brightCD69+ NK cells were more frequent in the HIV+ infants, followed by HIV-EU and HIV- infants, in both CD56dim (p = 0.005) and CD56bright compartments (p = 0.03). HIV infection and exposure was also associated with a significant decline in the percentage of perforin-expressing NK cells in the CD56dim compartment over the first year of life, with HIV+ infants losing approximately 2.5% (p &lt; 0.001) and HIV-EU infants losing 3.0% (p=0.01) of perforin+ cells per month. Thus, infant HIV infection is associated with alterations in NK cell subsets, activation, and cytolytic potential that could contribute to their poor control over HIV infection. Furthermore, exposure to HIV infection in infants who escaped infection is also associated with alterations in NK cells that may contribute to the reduced ability to fight infections that is observed in HIV-EU infants. © 2012 Slyker, Lohman-Payne, John-Stewart, Dong, Mbori-Ngacha, Tapia, Atzberger, Taylor, Rowland-Jones and Blish.	Age; Cord blood; Exposure; HIV-1; Immune activation; Infancy; Mother-to-child transmission; NK cell	None	None
WoS	WOS:000331009000027	Assessment of Quality of Life as a Tool for Measuring Morbidity Due to Schistosoma mansoni Infection and the Impact of Treatment	Abudho, Bernard,Blackstock, Anna J.,Foo, Karen T.,Hightower, Allen W.,Karanja, Diana M. S.,Kennedy, Erin D.,Montgomery, Susan P.,Mwinzi, Pauline N. M.,Ochola, Elizabeth A.,Person, Bobbie,Secor, W. Evan,Won, Kimberly Y.	2014	AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE	90	2	10.4269/ajtmh.13-0361	Centers for Disease Control & Prevention - USA, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr	None	Recently, health measurements have broadened to include the assessment of quality of life (QOL). This study was conducted to assess whether the short form of the World Health Organization (WHO) QOL questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF) was an effective tool for measuring morbidity due to Schistosoma mansoni infection and whether it could detect an impact of treatment with praziquantel. A total of 724 adults 18-85 years of age were enrolled. At baseline, S. mansoni prevalence was 73.2% by stool examination and 75.4% by circulating cathodic antigen, and there was no association between infection status and WHOQOL-BREF scores. Six months after treatment, S. mansoni prevalence was lower and the proportion of persons with higher WHOQOL-BREF scores significantly increased among persons who were infected at baseline. However, a similar increase was observed in persons not infected at baseline. In areas of high prevalence, the WHOQOL-BREF may not be able to detect the benefits of schistosomiasis control programs.	,"AGED CHILDREN",ANEMIA,CHEMOTHERAPY,DIAGNOSIS,"MASS TREATMENT",PRAZIQUANTEL,PREVALENCE,SCHOOLCHILDREN,"SOIL-TRANSMITTED HELMINTHS","WESTERN KENYA"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84896742202	The Occupational Performance Measure of Food Activities: Item pool development and measurement properties	Plastow N.A., Spiliotopoulou G., Atwal A., Gilhooly M.	2014	British Journal of Occupational Therapy	77	2	10.4276/030802214X13916969447353	Stellenbosch University, South Africa; School of Health Sciences and Social Care, Brunel University, Mary Seacole Building, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom; Centre for Professional Practice Research, Brunel University, United Kingdom; Brunel Institute for Ageing Studies, Brunel University, United Kingdom	Plastow, N.A., Stellenbosch University, South Africa, School of Health Sciences and Social Care, Brunel University, Mary Seacole Building, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom; Spiliotopoulou, G., School of Health Sciences and Social Care, Brunel University, Mary Seacole Building, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom; Atwal, A., School of Health Sciences and Social Care, Brunel University, Mary Seacole Building, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom, Centre for Professional Practice Research, Brunel University, United Kingdom; Gilhooly, M., Brunel Institute for Ageing Studies, Brunel University, United Kingdom	Introduction: Occupational therapists have the knowledge and skills to improve nutritional risk in community-living older adults by improving performance of food-related occupations. However, few tools are available to evaluate these interventions. We developed the first item pool that measures community-living older adults' occupational performance of food activities. Method: In Phase 1 of the research we developed an item pool within a qualitative exploratory study with five older adults. In Phase 2 we designed the Occupational Performance Measure of Food Activities. In Phase 3 we formally assessed the measurement properties of the 15-item measure, using survey responses from 77 community-living older adults. Construct validity, reliability, and utility were evaluated. Findings: A 13-item measure of the occupational performance of food activities showed acceptable validity and reliability in three subscales (Cronbach's α ranged from.70 to.75). The item pool demonstrated good utility. We had comparable results for administration via self-completion survey (n = 38) and interview (n = 39). Conclusion: This unique item pool showed promising validity and reliability for the measurement of the occupational performance of food activities. Occupational therapists are cautioned against modifying existing measurement tools without thorough testing of the resulting new measure of occupational performance. © The College of Occupational Therapists Ltd.	Aged; Food; Occupational performance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84927521520	Impact of socioeconomic status and medical conditions on health and healthcare utilization among aging Ghanaians	Saeed B.I., Xicang Z., Yawson A.E., Nguah S.B., Nsowah-Nuamah N.N.N.	2015	BMC Public Health	15	1	10.1186/s12889-015-1603-y	School of Finance and Economics, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; Mathematics and Statistics Department, Kumasi Polytechnic, Kumasi, Ghana; Department of Community Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Korle-Bu Accra, Ghana; Paediatric Department, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana; Kumasi Polytechnic, Kumasi, Ghana	Saeed, B.I., School of Finance and Economics, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China, Mathematics and Statistics Department, Kumasi Polytechnic, Kumasi, Ghana; Xicang, Z., School of Finance and Economics, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; Yawson, A.E., Department of Community Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Korle-Bu Accra, Ghana; Nguah, S.B., Paediatric Department, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana; Nsowah-Nuamah, N.N.N., Kumasi Polytechnic, Kumasi, Ghana	Background: This study attempts to examine the impact of socioeconomic and medical conditions in health and healthcare utilization among older adults in Ghana. Five separate models with varying input variables were estimated for each response variable. Methods: Data (Wave 1 data) were drawn from the World Health Organization Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) conducted during 2007-2008 and included a total of 4770 respondents aged 50+ and 803 aged 18-49 in Ghana. Ordered logits was estimated for self-rated health, and binary logits for functional limitation and healthcare utilization. Results: Our results show that the study provides enough grounds for further research on the interplay between socioeconomic and medical conditions on one hand and the health of the aged on the other. Controlling for socioeconomic status substantially contributes significantly to utilization. Also, aged women experience worse health than men, as shown by functioning assessment, self-rated health, chronic conditions and functional limitations. Women have higher rates of healthcare utilization, as shown by significantly higher rates of hospitalization and outpatient encounters. Conclusion: Expansion of the national health insurance scheme to cover the entire older population- for those in both formal and informal employments- is likely to garner increased access and improved health states for the older population. © 2015 Saeed et al.; licensee BioMed Central.	Aged Ghanaians; Functioning assessment; Healthcare utilization; Socioeconomic status; Subjective health	adolescent; adult; age; aged; chronic disease; female; geriatric assessment; Ghana; health care delivery; health disparity; health status; health survey; hospitalization; human; male; middle aged; patient attitude; social class; socioeconomics; statistics and numerical data; utilization; world health organization; young adult; Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Chronic Disease; Delivery of Health Care; Female; Geriatric Assessment; Ghana; Health Status; Health Status Disparities; Health Surveys; Hospitalization; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Social Class; Socioeconomic Factors; World Health Organization; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84455170930	Assessing the population performance of the black rhinoceros in Kruger National Park	Ferreira S.M., Greaver C.C., Knight M.H.	2011	South African Journal of Wildlife Research	41	2	10.3957/056.041.0206	Scientific Services, South African National Parks, Kruger National Park, Private Bag X402, Skukuza 1350, South Africa; Department of Zoology, Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth 601, South Africa	Ferreira, S.M., Scientific Services, South African National Parks, Kruger National Park, Private Bag X402, Skukuza 1350, South Africa; Greaver, C.C., Scientific Services, South African National Parks, Kruger National Park, Private Bag X402, Skukuza 1350, South Africa; Knight, M.H., Department of Zoology, Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth 601, South Africa	Small population sizes provide several challenges to conservation managers seeking to ensure species persistence and illustrating conservation success. Black rhinoceros, Diceros bicornis minor, epitomizes these challenges. During October 2008 we used block surveys, estimates of availability and observer bias to calculate landscape-specific black rhino abundances in the southern parts of Kruger National Park, South Africa. We assigned age and sex to individuals, extracted an age distribution, and estimated survival and fecundity given the population growth derived from historical strip transects. The block counts, corrected for 90.3% availability bias with observers missing 3.8% of those, predicted that 627 (95% CI: 588666) black rhinos resided in the study area. The population increased at 6.75% per annum, the result of high survival and an estimated inter-calving interval of 2.45 years. Age distributions and population growth predicts that subadult males and females have the lowest annual survival, while dependent calves and adults have the highest annual survival. Precise estimates can be obtained with a 20% study area coverage using block counts. This gives coefficient of variances allowing detection of 5% growth from surveys every two years. Detecting 2% annual decline requires bi-annual surveys for 6 years. Our results illustrate that black rhinos are performing well in Kruger National Park.	age distribution; availability bias; block counts; demography; detecting trends; Diceros bicornis; monitoring; observer bias	abundance; age structure; assessment method; conservation management; demography; environmental monitoring; estimation method; fecundity; performance assessment; population size; population structure; sex ratio; species conservation; survey; survival; ungulate; Kruger National Park; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892493473	The impact of organisational commitment and demographic variables on organisational citizenship behaviour	Toga R., Khayundi D.A., Mjoli T.Q.	2014	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	5	2	10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n2p643	Department of Industrial Psychology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, South Africa	Toga, R., Department of Industrial Psychology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, South Africa; Khayundi, D.A., Department of Industrial Psychology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, South Africa; Mjoli, T.Q., Department of Industrial Psychology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, South Africa	Organisational citizenship is regarded as one of the most important factor that enhances organisational effectiveness. The main purpose of this study was to explore the impact of organisational commitment on organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB). Demographic factors, such as, age and gender effects on organisational citizenship behaviour of University employees were also examined. The study employed a quantitative research design. A stratified random sample of 68 academic and non academic staff participated in this study. A self administered questionnaire was used for data collection. The questionnaire consisted of three subsections: a self-designed biographical data questionnaire. To measure organisational commitment, Meyer and Allen's (1997) 12-item five-point Likert-type rating scale was used. To measure organisational citizenship behaviour, Podsakoff, Mackenzie, Moorman and Fetter (1990) 27-item five-point Likert-type rating scale was used. Data analysis was done by means of descriptive statistics, Pearson Product Moment Correlation and t-test. The results indicated the view that organisational commitment impacts positively in enhancing the organisational citizenship behaviour of the employees. The findings also revealed that age and gender play no role in the practice of employees' organisational citizenship behaviour. The practical implications of this study; in order to succeed on its mission managed should increase the levels of organisational citizenship behaviour in their employees by consistently recognizing employees who engage themselves in such behaviour.	Age; Gender; Organisational citizenship behaviour; Organisational commitment	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-22844444824	The interaction of aging and 10 years of racing on ultraendurance running performance	Rae D.E., Bosch A.N., Collins M., Lambert M.I.	2005	Journal of Aging and Physical Activity	13	2	None	Dept. of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Newlands, 7725, South Africa	Rae, D.E., Dept. of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Newlands, 7725, South Africa; Bosch, A.N., Dept. of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Newlands, 7725, South Africa; Collins, M., Dept. of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Newlands, 7725, South Africa; Lambert, M.I., Dept. of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Newlands, 7725, South Africa	The aim of this study was to examine the interaction between aging and 10 years of racing in endurance runners. Race-time data from 194 runners who had completed 10 consecutive 56-km ultramarathons were obtained. The runners were either 20.5 ± 0.7, 30.0 ± 1.0, 39.9 ± 0.9, or 49.4 ± 1.0 years old at their first race. Each runner's race speed was determined for each race over the 10 years. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA, one-way ANOVA, and independent t tests and showed that performance improved and declined at greater rates for younger runners; younger runners had a greater capacity for improvement than older runners; ≈4 years were required to reach peak racing speed, regardless of age; it was not possible to compete at peak speed for more than a few years; and the combined effects of 10 years of aging and racing neither improve nor worsen net performance. In conclusion, these data suggest that although these runners showed similar patterns of change in race speed over a 10-year period, the extent of change in performance was greater in younger than in older runners. © 2005, Human Kinetics Publishers, Inc.	Age groups; Longitudinal; Speed; Ultramarathon	age distribution; aged; aging; analysis of variance; article; controlled study; data analysis; endurance; female; human; male; physical performance; running; statistical analysis; adult; age; middle aged; physiology; running; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Physical Endurance; Running	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883544683	Qualitative evaluation of the Teenage Mothers Project in Uganda: A community-based empowerment intervention for unmarried teenage mothers	Leerlooijer J.N., Bos A.E., Ruiter R.A., Van Reeuwijk M.A., Rijsdijk L.E., Nshakira N., Kok G.	2013	BMC Public Health	13	1	10.1186/1471-2458-13-816	Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands; Department of Work and Social Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands; Rutgers WPF, Utrecht, Netherlands; School of Psychology, Open University, Heerlen, Netherlands; Windesheim University of Applied Sciences, Windesheim Honours College, Zwolle, Netherlands; Uganda Christian University, Mukono, Kampala, Uganda	Leerlooijer, J.N., Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands, Department of Work and Social Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands; Bos, A.E., School of Psychology, Open University, Heerlen, Netherlands; Ruiter, R.A., Department of Work and Social Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands; Van Reeuwijk, M.A., Rutgers WPF, Utrecht, Netherlands; Rijsdijk, L.E., Department of Work and Social Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands, Windesheim University of Applied Sciences, Windesheim Honours College, Zwolle, Netherlands; Nshakira, N., Uganda Christian University, Mukono, Kampala, Uganda; Kok, G., Department of Work and Social Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands	Background: A large proportion of unmarried teenage mothers in Uganda face physical, psychological, and social problems after pregnancy and childbirth, such as obstetric complications, lack of education, and stigmatisation in their communities. The Teenage Mothers Project (TMP) in Eastern Uganda empowers unmarried teenage mothers to cope with the consequences of early pregnancy and motherhood. Since 2000, 1036 unmarried teenage mothers, their parents, and community leaders participated in economic and social empowerment interventions. The present study explored the changes resulting from the TMP as well as factors that either enabled or inhibited these changes. Methods. Semi-structured interviews (N = 23) were conducted with former teenage mothers, community leaders, and project implementers, and lifeline histories were obtained from former teenage mothers (N = 9). Quantitative monitoring data regarding demographic and social characteristics of teenage mother participants (N = 1036) were analysed. Results: The findings suggest that, overall, the TMP seems to have contributed to the well-being of unmarried teenage mothers and to a supportive social environment. It appears that the project contributed to supportive community norms towards teenage mothers' position and future opportunities, increased agency, improved coping with early motherhood and stigma, continued education, and increased income generation by teenage mothers. The study findings also suggest limited change in disapproving community norms regarding out-of-wedlock sex and pregnancy, late active enrolment of teenage mothers in the project (i.e., ten months after delivery of the child), and differences in the extent to which parents provided support. Conclusions: It is concluded that strengths of the community-based TMP seem to be its socio-ecological approach, the participatory planning with community leaders and other stakeholders, counselling of parents and unmarried teenage mothers, and the emphasis on education and income generation. The project can improve by earlier active participation of unmarried pregnant adolescents and increased support for parents. © 2013 Leerlooijer et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Agency; Community; Empowerment; Qualitative evaluation; Social change; Stigma; Teenage pregnancy	adaptive behavior; adolescent; adolescent behavior; adolescent pregnancy; article; behavior; community care; developing country; evaluation study; family size; female; health education; human; intervention study; maternal behavior; mental stress; organization and management; pregnancy; psychological aspect; risk assessment; self help; single parent; socioeconomics; statistics; Uganda; young adult; Adaptation, Psychological; Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Community Health Services; Developing Countries; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Female; Health Education; Humans; Intervention Studies; Maternal Behavior; Power (Psychology); Pregnancy; Pregnancy in Adolescence; Risk Assessment; Self-Help Groups; Single Parent; Single Person; Socioeconomic Factors; Stress, Psychological; Uganda; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78649791393	Capital structure and firm performance: Evidence from Nigeria	Onaolapo A.A., Kajola S.O.	2010	European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences	None	25	None	Department of Management Science, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Department of Accounting, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria	Onaolapo, A.A., Department of Management Science, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Kajola, S.O., Department of Accounting, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria	This paper examines the impact of capital structure on firm's financial performance using sample of thirty non- financial firms listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange during the seven- year period, 2001- 2007. Panel data for the selected firms are generated and analyzed using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) as a method of estimation. The result shows that a firm's capital structure surrogated by Debt Ratio, DR has a significantly negative impact on the firm's financial measures (Return on Asset, ROA and Return on Equity, ROE). The study by these findings, indicate consistency with prior empirical studies and provide evidence in support of Agency cost theory. © EuroJournals, Inc. 2010.	Agency cost; Capital structure; Firm performance; Roa; Roe	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67549117347	Corporate governance and firm performance: The case of Nigerian listed firms	Kajola S.O.	2008	European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences	None	14	None	Department of Accounting, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria	Kajola, S.O., Department of Accounting, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria	This paper seeks to examine the relationship between four corporate governance mechanisms (board size, board composition, chief executive status and audit committee) and two firm performance measures (return on equity, ROE, and profit margin, PM), of a sample of twenty Nigerian listed firms between 2000 and 2006. Using panel methodology and OLS as a method of estimation, the results provide evidence of a positive significant relationship between ROE and board size as well as chief executive status. The implication of this is that the board size should be limited to a sizeable limit and that the posts of the chief executive and the board chair should be occupied by different persons. The results further reveal a positive significant relationship between PM and chief executive status. The study, however, could not provide a significant relationship between the two performance measures and board composition and audit committee. These results are consistent with prior empirical studies. © EuroJournals, Inc. 2008.	Agency cost; Corporate governance; Firm performance; Nigeria	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897148411	Ownership structure and firm performance: Evidence from nigerian listed companies	Abosede Adebiyi J., Kajola Sunday O.	2011	Corporate Ownership and Control	8	4 E	None	Department of Business Administration, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria; Department of Accounting, Banking and Finance, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria	Abosede Adebiyi, J., Department of Business Administration, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria; Kajola Sunday, O., Department of Accounting, Banking and Finance, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria	This paper examines the relationship between firms' ownership structure and financial performance in Nigeria, using a sample of thirty listed companies between 2001 and 2008. Using pooled OLS as a method of estimation and after controlling for four firm-specific characteristics, our results show a negative and significant relationship between ownership structure (director shareholding) and firm financial performance (ROE). This is in support of Entrenchment hypothesis. Also, our study does not support a non-linear relationship between ownership structure and firm performance.	Agency cost; Corporate governance; Nigeria; Ownership structure; ROE	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878241427	New corporate code and immediate performance change of the Nigerian firms	Adewuyi A.O., Olowookere A.E.	2013	Corporate Governance (Bingley)	13	2	10.1108/14720701311316643	Department of Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Adewuyi, A.O., Department of Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Olowookere, A.E., Department of Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Purpose: This study aims to investigate the immediate impact of a newly released code of governance on the financial performance of Nigerian companies. Tests are carried out to determine whether firms that comply more with the code experience better performance. Design/methodology/approach: The governance change of Nigerian listed firms after the newly released code is classified into ex ante good governance change or ex ante bad governance change; the differences in performance between the good governance change firms and bad governance change firms are then compared. Since firms in any year can change more than one governance indicator, an index of aggregate governance change is computed and the performance of firms from two extreme governance rankings is compared. Findings: It is found that in the immediate period after the release of the code, Nigerian firms reorganised their governance mechanism, and this sometimes involved substitution among mechanisms. However, the performance increase accrued to any firm with reorganisation towards a good mechanism could have been eroded when the same firm instituted a change towards another mechanism that matches the definition of bad change. This therefore makes an attempt to differentiate performance based on governance change (pre- and post-new code) difficult and insignificant. Originality/value: This study contributes to the scarce literature on corporate governance and firm performance in developing countries. Specifically, it can be regarded as the first study to test the immediate impact of a new code of governance on Nigerian firms. Equally, the adopted methodology makes it the first study to compute and test an aggregate index of governance change for Nigeria. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Agency problem; Companies; Corporate code; Corporate governance; Firms; Governance; Governance substitution; Nigeria	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878252333	Corporate governance and performance of Nigerian listed firms: Further evidence	Adewuyi A.O., Olowookere A.E.	2008	Corporate Ownership and Control	6	2 D CONT. 3	None	Department of Economics, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	Adewuyi, A.O., Department of Economics, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Olowookere, A.E., Department of Economics, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	This work, in an agency framework, adds to the few literatures on Nigeria by examining the impact of corporate governance on firm financial performance. Using a sample of 64 listed non-financial firms for the period 2002 to 2006, the study is able to capture the impact of the New Code of Corporate Governance released in 2003 on previous findings. Introductory investigations on the Nigerian capital market operations and regulations depict low, but improving, states. Empirically, Panel regression estimates show that board size, audit committee independence and ownership concentration aid performance. Higher independent directors and directors' portion of shares unexpectedly dampen performance, while firms vesting both the roles of CEOs and chairs in the same individual perform better.	Agency problem; Corporate governance; Panel regression; Tobin's q	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84921369967	Effects of selected corporate governance characteristics on firm performance: Empirical evidence from Kenya	Ongore V.O., K’Obonyo P.O.	2011	International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues	1	3	None	Kenya Revenue Authority, Nairobi, Kenya; Business Administration, University of Nairobi, Kenya	Ongore, V.O., Kenya Revenue Authority, Nairobi, Kenya; K’Obonyo, P.O., Business Administration, University of Nairobi, Kenya	This paper examines the interrelations among ownership, board and manager characteristics and firm performance in a sample of 54 firms listed at the Nairobi Stock Exchange (NSE). These governance characteristics, designed to minimize agency problems between principals and agents are operationalized in terms of ownership concentration, ownership identity, board effectiveness and managerial discretion. The typical ownership identities at the NSE are government, foreign, institutional, manager and diverse ownership forms. Firm performance is measured using Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE) and Dividend Yield (DY). Using PPMC, Logistic Regression and Stepwise Regression, the paper presents evidence of significant positive relationship between foreign, insider, institutional and diverse ownership forms, and firm performance. However, the relationship between ownership concentration and government, and firm performance was significantly negative. The role of boards was found to be of very little value, mainly due to lack of adherence to board member selection criteria. The results also show significant positive relationship between managerial discretion and performance. Collectively, these results are consistent with pertinent literature with regard to the implications of government, foreign, manager (insider) and institutional ownership forms, but significantly differ concerning the effects of ownership concentration and diverse ownership on firm performance. © 2011, Econjournals. All rights reserved.	Agency theory; Firm performance; Managerial discretion; Ownership concentration; Ownership identity; Ownership structure	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84929151683	Evaluation of serum antioxidants in age-related hearing loss	Lasisi T.J., Lasisi A.O.	2015	Aging Clinical and Experimental Research	27	3	10.1007/s40520-014-0282-3	Departments of Physiology and Oral Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, P. O. Box 22040, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Lasisi, T.J., Departments of Physiology and Oral Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, P. O. Box 22040, Ibadan, Nigeria; Lasisi, A.O., Department of Otorhinolaryngology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Background: Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) has been linked to the shift in the pro-oxidant/antioxidant ratio. Our objectives were to assess serum levels of retinol and zinc among the elderly individuals and to correlate the levels with hearing threshold.Methods: Prospective study of apparently healthy individuals aged ≥60 years of age. Participants had complete clinical history, physical examination and pure tone average conducted. Blood samples were collected for determination of serum levels of retinol and zinc. Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare retinol and zinc values. Pearson’s correlation test was used to determine the relationship between hearing threshold and serum levels of retinol and zinc.Results: Among 126 elderly participants with mean age 67 ± 2.7 years; the mean pure tone average for air conduction was 29.3 ± 1.6 dBHL while the mean bone conduction was 36.5 ± 1.8 dBHL. The median values of serum retinol and zinc levels in the elderly participants who had hearing loss in the speech frequencies were 52 and 83.3 μg/L, respectively, while among participants with normal hearing threshold, values were 50 and 89.9 μg/L, respectively (p = 0.59 and 0.99, respectively). For the high frequencies, the median value of serum retinol and zinc levels among the elderly participants with normal hearing threshold was 70.3 and 99.9 μg/L, while among those with hearing loss, it was 46.9 and 83.2 μg/L, respectively (p = 0.000 and 0.005, respectively).Conclusion: Serum retinol and zinc levels were significantly lower among elderly with hearing loss involving the high frequencies. This is added evidence to extant literature on the possible role of antioxidants in the development of ARHL and suggests further study on the effect of antioxidants supplementation in the control of ARHL which is presently controversial and inconclusive. © 2014, Springer International Publishing Switzerland.	Age related hearing loss; Antioxidants; Elderly; Hearing threshold; Retinol; Zinc	retinol; zinc; adult; age related hearing loss; aged; air conduction; Article; auditory threshold; blood sampling; bone conduction; correlation coefficient; female; hearing impairment; human; major clinical study; male; pure tone audiometry; rank sum test; speech articulation; zinc blood level	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878070243	Evaluation of rheology and moisture susceptibility of asphalt mixtures modified with low density polyethylene	Bagampadde U., Kaddu D., Kiggundu B.M.	2013	International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology	6	3	10.6135/ijprt.org.tw/2013.6(3).217	School of Engineering, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda	Bagampadde, U., School of Engineering, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Kaddu, D., School of Engineering, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Kiggundu, B.M., School of Engineering, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda	This study evaluated rheological properties of low density polyethylene (LDPE) modified asphalts using conventional methods (penetration, softening point and rotational viscosity) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). In addition, Marshall Properties and moisture damage of mixtures from these asphalts and four aggregates were studied using ASTM D1559 and ASTMD4867. LDPE modification improved asphalt temperature susceptibility. Practical LDPE dosages obtained were 2.5% and 3.0% (w/w) for 60/70 and 80/100 asphalts, respectively. LDPE addition slowed down approach of asphalt to a pure viscous liquid while increasing complex modulus at high temperature. The modified asphalts exhibited pseudo-plasticity and LDPE reduced shear susceptibilities of 60/70 and 80/100 asphalts by 16% and 34%, respectively. Modified mixtures exhibited stability increase to a maximum followed by a decrease possibly because of stretching of asphalt by LDPE. The total voids in mix remained within 3-5% for LDPE dosages between 0 and 3%. Limestone mixtures resisted moisture damage, while pumice behavior was asphalt specific. Neat granite and quartzite mixtures did not resist moisture damage though LDPE made them resistant. © Chinese Society of Pavement Engineering.	Aggregate; Asphalt; Moisture; Polyethylene; Rheology	Conventional methods; Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA); Low density polyethylene(LDPE); Modified asphalts; Moisture susceptibility; Rheological property; Rotational viscosity; Temperature susceptibility; Aggregates; Asphalt; Elasticity; Mixtures; Moisture; Polyethylenes; Rheology; Asphalt mixtures	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84877646793	Technical evaluation of ondo bitumen for direct asphalt concrete mix design	Adeleke A.A., Adeosun A.S., Disu A.O., Olorunniwo E.O.	2012	Petroleum and Coal	54	3	None	Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Adeleke, A.A., Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Adeosun, A.S., Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Disu, A.O., Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Olorunniwo, E.O., Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	The suitability or otherwise of the abundant Nigerian Ondo bitumen as a binder in hot mix asphalt concrete mix design for roadmaking has not been established. Samples of Ondo bitumen (as-received and as-refined) were tested for specific gravity, softening point and penetration. Concrete mixes were also prepared with standard proportions of aggregates with Ondo bitumen (as-received and as-refined) and standard bitumen as binders. The concrete mixes were then compacted to standard cylindrical specimens for Marshall stability indices tests. The results of physico-chemical tests gave the specific gravity, softening point and penetration for the Ondo bitumen as-received as 1.12, 77°C and 44.3 mm, while the values for the refined product were 1.03, 52°C and 67 mm, respectively. The Marshall stability tests for Ondo bitumen (as-received) at 5.8% of the weight of aggregate yielded 25.5 KN, 15 mm, 77.4%, while that of Ondo bitumen as-refined gave 13.03 KN, 35 mm, 77.4%; respectively. When the physico-chemical properties Ondo bitumen (as-received and asrefined) were compared with those of standard bitumen, only the refined product was found to satisfy the requirements for concrete mix design. The Marshall stability results however showed that Ondo bitumen concrete mixes (as-received and as-refined) do not meet the standard specifications for stability and flow. The results obtained thus suggest that Ondo bitumen may not be useable alone for direct asphalt mix design.	Aggregate; Bitumen; Concrete; Marshall; Penetration; Stability	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84876788844	Impact of suitable replacement of granite-particles on interlocking tiles	Ohijeagbon I.O., Olusegun H.D., Adekunle A.S., Adewoye O.S., Oladiji A.O.	2012	Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Review	5	2	None	Mechanical Engineering Dept, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Agricultural and Bio-Environmental Engineering Department, Oyo State College of Agriculture, Igboora, Oyo State, Nigeria	Ohijeagbon, I.O., Mechanical Engineering Dept, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Olusegun, H.D., Mechanical Engineering Dept, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Adekunle, A.S., Mechanical Engineering Dept, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Adewoye, O.S., Mechanical Engineering Dept, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Oladiji, A.O., Agricultural and Bio-Environmental Engineering Department, Oyo State College of Agriculture, Igboora, Oyo State, Nigeria	To investigate the impact of alternative replacement of granite-particles in the production of interlocking tiles. Aggregate mixes of homogeneously mixed raw materials was used for production of experimental interlocking tiles. The mortar method was used for casting purposes. Produced interlocking tiles were cured and treated for twenty-eight days before the physical and mechanical tests were conducted. For improved mechanical strength, an optimum mix of granite particles to lateritic soil to silica sand of 2:1:1 is recommended for suitable replacement for granite particles in the production of interlocking tiles. A simple model that relates the granite particles/cement ratio to water/cement ratio for interlocking tiles was determined, with a coefficient of correlation and standard error of estimate of 0.85 and 0.65 respectively. The investigation had shown that cheaper and easily available raw materials, such as lateritic soil and silica sand may be used as suitable replacement for granite particles in the production of interlocking tiles with acceptable properties. Developed model that relates the granite particles/cement ratio to water/cement ratio for interlocking tiles would be very useful for control studies or production purposes. © 2012 Kavala Institute of Technology. All rights reserved.	Aggregate mixes; Granite particles; Interlocking tiles; Mechanical strength	A-coefficient; Control studies; Developed model; Lateritic soils; Mechanical tests; Mortar methods; Standard errors; Water/cement ratio; Agglomeration; Aggregates; Silica sand; Soil testing; Strength of materials; Granite	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-44149086909	Assessment of sewage application in southeastern Nigeria Part 1: Impact on selected soil morphological and physical properties	Asadu C.L.A., Ucheonye-Oliobi C., Agada C.	2008	Outlook on Agriculture	37	1	None	Department of Soil Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria	Asadu, C.L.A., Department of Soil Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; Ucheonye-Oliobi, C., Department of Soil Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; Agada, C., Department of Soil Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria	This work investigated the impact of long-term application of sewage sludge/effluent on morphological and physical properties of a sandy Ultisol (Arenic Kandiustult) in Nsukka, Nigeria. Soil samples were collected from the surface (0-20 cm) of a sewage-amended soil and from unamended control fields, after which two representative profile pits were also sited on the sewage-amended plot and two on the control fields. Soil samples were collected at specific intervals from these pits. Morphologically, both soils were deep and well drained, with no concretions or mottles. The colour variation ranged from dark reddish to brownish black for the first layer of the profile pits in the area amended with sewage sludge, to reddish brown and red in others. In unamended soils, the colour ranged from dark reddish brown in the top layer to reddish brown and red in others. Texture was generally sandy loam over sandy clay loam in amended soil, and sandy clay loam in unamended soil. The structure was generally weakly granular in the top layer, but moderately subangular in other subsurface layers. The entire area is on a gentle slope of <5%. Soil organic matter, bulk density, total porosity and aggregate stability were enhanced significantly (p <0.05) in the sewage-amended soil compared with the non-sewage-amended soil. Changes in the saturated hydraulic conductivity, field capacity and micro- and macro-porosities were not significant. The results indicate that application of sewage sludge and effluent has little impact on the morphology of these soils. However, it had a positive impact on the physical properties of the soils. But it should be used with caution because of its known negative effects on heavy metal accumulation in soils when used at high rates and for long periods.	Aggregate stability; Bulk density; Organic matter; Sewage; Soil morphology; Total porosity; Ultisol	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-46849114323	Evaluation of physical properties and soil carbon and nitrogen stocks as affected by burning or green trash management of sugarcane [Avaliação de atributos físicos e estoques de carbono e nitrogênio em solos com queima e sem queima de canavial]	De Luca E.F., Feller C., Cerri C.C., Barthès B., Chaplot V., Campos D.C., Manechini C.	2008	Revista Brasileira de Ciencia do Solo	32	2	None	Instituto Florestal de São Paulo - IF, Horto Navarro de Andrade, CEP13500-970 Rio Claro (SP), Brazil; Institut de Rechèrche pour le Dévelopment, França, France; Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo - CENA/USP, Av. Centenário 303, CEP 13400-970 Piracicaba (SP), Brazil; IRD/SBEEH, University of Kwazulu, Natal Box X01 Scootsville, 3209 África do Sul, South Africa; Usina São Martinho S/A, Fazenda São Martinho, CEP 14850-000 Pradopólis (SP), Brazil	De Luca, E.F., Instituto Florestal de São Paulo - IF, Horto Navarro de Andrade, CEP13500-970 Rio Claro (SP), Brazil; Feller, C., Institut de Rechèrche pour le Dévelopment, França, France; Cerri, C.C., Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo - CENA/USP, Av. Centenário 303, CEP 13400-970 Piracicaba (SP), Brazil; Barthès, B., Institut de Rechèrche pour le Dévelopment, França, France; Chaplot, V., IRD/SBEEH, University of Kwazulu, Natal Box X01 Scootsville, 3209 África do Sul, South Africa; Campos, D.C., Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo - CENA/USP, Av. Centenário 303, CEP 13400-970 Piracicaba (SP), Brazil; Manechini, C., Usina São Martinho S/A, Fazenda São Martinho, CEP 14850-000 Pradopólis (SP), Brazil	Brazil is the world's largest sugarcane producer, so changes in sugarcane management in Brazil can affect the environment to a great extent. During almost one century, studies were carried out in cropping systems involving pre-harvest burning of aerial sugarcane residues. Nowadays the green trash management of sugarcane residues has become a common practice, although the effects are still poorly documented. The objective of this work was to compare topsoil carbon and nitrogen stocks, aggregation and bulk density in Brazilian sugarcane plantations where aerial residues were either burned (Cq) or left on the soil surface (Sq) after harvest. The study was carried out in three plantations, one on a clayey soil (Latossolo Vermelho, LVdf, i.e. Typic Hapludox) and two on sandy soils (Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo, PVAd, i.e. Typic Hapludult, and Neossolo Quartzarênico, RQo, i.e. Quartzpsamment). On each plantation, the experimental design included six replications per treatment. After three crops, the accumulated aerial residue biomass in Sq treatment amounted to 40 t ha -1 of DM from which 4.5 and 3.61 ha-1 of DM (i.e. 11 and 9%) were still present at the soil surface in LVdf and RQo, respectively. This represented 1.60 and 1.351 ha-1 of C and 0.022 and 0.021 t ha -1 of N, respectively. As a result, soil carbon at a 0-20 cm depth increased by 6.3 and 4.71 ha-1 in LVdf and RQo, respectively. Over the three-year period, the rate of carbon sequestration in the litter and topsoil in the Sq treatment was 2.63 and 2.02 t ha-1 yr-1 in LVdf and RQo, respectively. Topsoil content of stable macroaggregates was also higher with Sq than with Cq: 814 vs. 693 g kg-1 in LVdf, and 516 vs, 420 g kg-1 in RQo, respectively. On the other hand, Sq caused topsoil compaction (PVAd and RQo) due to the mechanized harvest system. In the Brazilian soils under study, green trash management of sugarcane residues improved the topsoil properties and promoted carbon and nitrogen sequestration in the litter and topsoil.	Aggregate stability; Burning; Mechanized harvest; Soil cover	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84861678536	Durability performance of a range of marine concretes and the applicability of the South African Service Life Prediction Model	Githachuri K., Alexander M., Moyo P.	2012	Materials and Structures/Materiaux et Constructions	45	42371	10.1617/s11527-011-9759-0	Department of Civil Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa	Githachuri, K., Department of Civil Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa; Alexander, M., Department of Civil Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa; Moyo, P., Department of Civil Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa	The paper describes a study that examined and compared the potential durability performance of various geographically distinct South African marine concrete mix types. Mix proportions were designed at two water/binder ratios (0.40 and 0.55) for different material combinations of binder and aggregate types. Sampling was done at 28, 91 and 182 days. Durability performance was inferred from durability index (DI) tests that measure the resistance of concrete to ion, gas and fluid penetration. Comparison was made on the basis of regional concrete type, w/b ratio and mix constituents (binder and aggregate type). All the concrete mixes were further compared to plain CEM I control concrete mixes at each w/b ratio. Results indicate that low w/b ratio and blended binder concrete mixes have low penetrability characteristics. Aggregate type was seen not to have an appreciable influence on the transport properties of concrete. Across the range of geographically different mixes, it was found that with a given concrete grade and binder type, marine concrete mixes are practically comparable. This permits the existing Service Life Prediction Model to be more confidently applied for all marine zones in South Africa with possible application in other geographic regions following further research. © RILEM 2011.	Aggregate type; Binder type; Concrete; Durability; Penetrability; Water/binder ratio	Aggregate type; Concrete grades; Concrete types; Durability performance; Fluid penetration; Geographic regions; Marine concrete; Material combination; Mix proportions; Penetrability; Service life prediction; South Africa; Water/binder ratios; Aggregates; Binders; Concrete mixers; Concrete mixtures; Concretes; Mathematical models; Transport properties; Durability	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77957845582	Synthesis and anti-prion activity evaluation of aminoquinoline analogues	MacEdo B., Kaschula C.H., Hunter R., Chaves J.A.P., Van Der Merwe J.D., Silva J.L., Egan T.J., Cordeiro Y.	2010	European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry	45	11	10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.07.054	Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Av Carlos Chagas Filho, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil	MacEdo, B., Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Av Carlos Chagas Filho, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; Kaschula, C.H., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Hunter, R., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Chaves, J.A.P., Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Av Carlos Chagas Filho, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; Van Der Merwe, J.D., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Silva, J.L., Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil; Egan, T.J., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Cordeiro, Y., Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Av Carlos Chagas Filho, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil	Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies form a group of neurodegenerative diseases that affect humans and other mammals. They occur when the native prion protein is converted into an infectious isoform, the scrapie PrP, which aggregates, leading to neurodegeneration. Although several compounds were evaluated for their ability to inhibit this conversion, there is no effective therapy for such diseases. Previous studies have shown that antimalarial compounds, such as quinolines, possess anti-scrapie activity. Here, we report the synthesis and evaluate the effect of aminoquinoline derivatives on the aggregation of a prion peptide. Our results show that 4-amino-7-chloroquinoline and N-(7-chloro-4-quinolinyl)-1,2-ethanediamine inhibit the aggregation significantly. Therefore, such aminoquinolines might be considered as candidates for the further development of therapeutics to prevent the development of prion diseases. © 2010 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.	Aggregation; Antimalarials; Inhibitor; Neurodegeneration; Prion; Quinoline	2 (7 chloro 4 quinolinyl) aminoethanol; 4 (cyclopentylamino) 7 chloro quinoline; 4 amino 7 chloroquinoline; 7 chloro 4 methylaminoquinoline; aminoquinoline derivative; n (7 chloro 4 quinolinyl) 1,2 ethanediamine; n 2 (7 chloro 4 quinolinyl) n 1,n 1 dimethyl 1,2 ethanediamine; n 2 (7 trifluoromethylthio 4 quinolinyl) n 1,n 1 diethyl 1,2 ethanediamine; prion protein; unclassified drug; animal experiment; anisotropy; article; clinical evaluation; drug synthesis; hamster; light scattering; nerve degeneration; nonhuman; protein aggregation; Aminoquinolines; Antiviral Agents; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mass Spectrometry; Prions	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70350786518	The effects of aggregation on the performance of the inverse method and indicators of network analysis	Johnson G.A., Niquil N., Asmus H., Bacher C., Asmus R., Baird D.	2009	Ecological Modelling	220	23	10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.08.003	IFREMER, Place du Seminaire, L'Houmeau, 17137, France; Institut du Littoral et de l'Environnement, Université de La Rochelle, 2 Rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France; Alfred Wegener Institut, Hafenstrasse 43, Wattenmeerstation, List, 25992, Germany; IFREMER, BP 70, 29280 Plouzané, France; Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7620 Stellenbosch, South Africa	Johnson, G.A., IFREMER, Place du Seminaire, L'Houmeau, 17137, France; Niquil, N., Institut du Littoral et de l'Environnement, Université de La Rochelle, 2 Rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France; Asmus, H., Alfred Wegener Institut, Hafenstrasse 43, Wattenmeerstation, List, 25992, Germany; Bacher, C., IFREMER, BP 70, 29280 Plouzané, France; Asmus, R., Alfred Wegener Institut, Hafenstrasse 43, Wattenmeerstation, List, 25992, Germany; Baird, D., Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7620 Stellenbosch, South Africa	Food webs are usually aggregated into a manageable size for their interpretation and analysis. The aggregation of food web components in trophic or other guilds is often at the choice of the modeler as there is little guidance in the literature as to what biases might be introduced by aggregation decisions. We examined the impacts of the choice of the a priori model on the subsequent estimation of missing flows using the inverse method and on the indices derived from ecological network analysis of both inverse method-derived flows and on the actual values of flows, using the fully determined Sylt-Rømø Bight food web model. We used the inverse method, with the least squares minimization goal function, to estimate 'missing' values in the food web flows on 14 aggregation schemes varying in number of compartments and in methods of aggregation. The resultant flows were compared to known values; the performance of the inverse method improved with increasing number of compartments and with aggregation based on both habitat and feeding habits rather than diet similarity. Comparison of network analysis indices of inverse method-derived flows with that of actual flows and the original value for the unaggregated food web showed that the use of both the inverse method and the aggregation scheme affected indices derived from ecological network analysis. The inverse method tended to underestimate the size and complexity of food webs, while an aggregation scheme explained as much variability in some network indices as the difference between inverse-derived and actual flows. However, topological network indices tended to be most robust to both the method of determining flows and to the inverse method. These results suggest that a goal function other than minimization of flows should be used when applying the inverse method to food web models. Comparison of food web models should be done with extreme care when different methodologies are used to estimate unknown flows and to aggregate system components. However, we propose that indices such as relative ascendency and relative redundancy are most valuable for comparing ecosystem models constructed using different methodologies for determining missing flows or for aggregating system components. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Aggregation; Ecological indicators; Estuary; Food web; Inverse method; Network analysis	Aggregation; Ecological indicators; Food web; Inverse method; Network analysis; Ecosystems; Electric network analysis; Food additives; Inverse problems; aggregation; comparative study; ecosystem modeling; estimation method; estuarine ecosystem; feeding behavior; food web; habitat creation; inverse analysis	None
WoS	WOS:000321168700005	Determining the effectiveness of three software evaluation techniques through informal aggregation	Juristo, Natalia,Olorisade, Babatunde Kazeem,Vegas, Sira	2013	INFORMATION AND SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY	55	9	10.1016/j.infsof.2013.02.015	Polytechnic University of Madrid, Fountain Univ	"Juristo, Natalia: Polytechnic University of Madrid","Vegas, Sira: Polytechnic University of Madrid",	Context: An accepted fact in software engineering is that software must undergo verification and validation process during development to ascertain and improve its quality level. But there are too many techniques than a single developer could master, yet, it is impossible to be certain that software is free of defects. So, it is crucial for developers to be able to choose from available evaluation techniques, the one most suitable and likely to yield optimum quality results for different products. Though, some knowledge is available on the strengths and weaknesses of the available software quality assurance techniques but not much is known yet on the relationship between different techniques and contextual behavior of the techniques. Objective: This research investigates the effectiveness of two testing techniques - equivalence class partitioning and decision coverage and one review technique - code review by abstraction, in terms of their fault detection capability. This will be used to strengthen the practical knowledge available on these techniques. Method: The results of eight experiments conducted over 5 years to investigate the effectiveness of three techniques - code reading by stepwise abstraction, equivalence class partitioning and decision (branch) coverage were aggregated using a less rigorous aggregation process proposed during the course of this work. Results: It was discovered that the equivalence class partitioning and the decision coverage techniques behaved similarly in terms of fault detection capacity (and type of faults caught) based on the programs and fault classification used in the experiments. They both behaved better than the code reading by stepwise abstraction technique. Conclusion: Overall, it can be deducted from the aggregation results that the equivalence class partitioning and the decision coverage techniques used are actually equally capable in terms of the type and number of faults detected. Nevertheless, more experiments is still required in this field so that this result can be verified using a rigorous aggregation technique. (c) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	AGGREGATION,EXPERIMENTATION,"testing technique","Testing technique effectiveness",DETECT	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-20444440776	Effects of two pheromone trap densities against banana weevil, Cosmopolites sordidus, populations and their impact on plant damage in Uganda	Tinzaara W., Gold C.S., Kagezi G.H., Dicke M., Van Huis A., Nankinga C.M., Tushemereirwe W., Ragama P.E.	2005	Journal of Applied Entomology	129	5	10.1111/j.1439-0418.2005.00962.x	International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Centre, Kampala, Uganda; National Agricultural Research Organisation, Kawanda Agricultural Research Institute, Kampala, Uganda; Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, EH Wageningen, Netherlands; International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Centre, P. O. Box 7878, Kampala, Uganda	Tinzaara, W., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Centre, Kampala, Uganda, National Agricultural Research Organisation, Kawanda Agricultural Research Institute, Kampala, Uganda, Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, EH Wageningen, Netherlands, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Centre, P. O. Box 7878, Kampala, Uganda; Gold, C.S., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Kagezi, G.H., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Centre, Kampala, Uganda; Dicke, M., Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, EH Wageningen, Netherlands; Van Huis, A., Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, EH Wageningen, Netherlands; Nankinga, C.M., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Centre, Kampala, Uganda, National Agricultural Research Organisation, Kawanda Agricultural Research Institute, Kampala, Uganda; Tushemereirwe, W., National Agricultural Research Organisation, Kawanda Agricultural Research Institute, Kampala, Uganda; Ragama, P.E., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Centre, Kampala, Uganda	An on-farm study to evaluate the effect of pheromone trap density on the population of the banana weevil, Cosmopolites sordidus (Germar) (Col., Curculionidae) was conducted in Masaka district, Uganda. The pheromone used was Cosmolure+, a commercially available weevil aggregation pheromone. Forty-two farms were assigned to one of three treatments: 0, 4 and 8 pheromone traps/ha. Pheromone lures were changed monthly at which time the traps were moved to a different location within the stand. Adult weevil population densities were estimated by using mark and recapture methodology at 0, 6, 12, 18 and 21 months, while damage to the banana corm was assessed at 0, 3, 6, 12, 18 and 21 months since the start of the experiment. Pheromone trap captures were generally low: about 10 weevils per trap per month. There were no significant differences in mean catches of C. sordidus per trap per month except for February 2002 when doubling the pheromone trap density decreased weevil catches. Although not significant, decreased efficiency was also the trend in higher trap densities over all the data sets. Doubling the number of traps increased the number of weevils caught per hectare per month from 0.4 to 0.6%. There was no significant difference in plant damage between the pheromone treatments in low-compared with high-trap densities. There were generally no significant differences in weevil populations and plant damage between pheromone-treated and control farms. Possible reasons for the low-trap efficacy in this study are discussed. © 2005 Blackwell Verlag.	Aggregation pheromone; Cosmopolites sordidus; Curculionidae; Pheromone-baited trap; Trap density	beetle; performance assessment; pest control; pest damage; pheromone trap; spacing; Africa; East Africa; Eastern Hemisphere; Masaka District; South Buganda; Sub-Saharan Africa; Uganda; World; Cosmopolites sordidus; Curculionidae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-36649026694	Evaluation of the susceptibility of local cocoa germplasms in Nigeria to Phytophthora pod rot disease using the leaf discs technique	Otuonye A.H., Adeoti A.Y.A., Agbeniyi S.O., Aikpokpodion P.O., Enikomehin O., Popoola T.O.	2007	Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment	5	04-Mar	None	Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B. 5244, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Otuonye, A.H., Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B. 5244, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Adeoti, A.Y.A., University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Agbeniyi, S.O., Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B. 5244, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Aikpokpodion, P.O., Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B. 5244, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Enikomehin, O., University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Popoola, T.O., University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria	The Phytophthora pod rot disease constitutes a major threat to cocoa cultivation in all cocoa-growing regions worldwide. It is one of the most important diseases limiting the attainment of genetic yield potential of this tree crop. Though available, chemical control methods are often expensive and beyond the reach of peasant farmers that produce more than 95% of Nigeria crop. Also, the limited knowledge of rational chemical application among rural farmers and the adverse effect on the environment makes it an unfriendly approach. Breeding commercially viable resistant cacao genotypes have been advocated to be the most durable control approach against the Phytophthora pod rot. Towards achieving this objective, promising cacao materials were selected from the gene pool in Cocoa Research Institute ofNigeria (CRIN) Headquarters, Ibadan. Screening of these eight selected cocoa clones with four isolates of Phytophthora megakarya of known aggressiveness in combination-NGRI4, using the leaf discs inoculation method at standard inoculum concentration of zoospores of 3 x 105 ml-1 was carried out. Results showed that T12/5 was resistant, while clones T17/11 and T86/2 are moderately resistant. The other clones, T85/5, T85/45 and T20/11, were moderately susceptible. It is therefore suggested that clone T12/5 be integrated into the resistance breeding effort against Phytophthora pod rot.	Aggressiveness; Clones; Cocoa; Isolate; Phytophthora megakarya; Resistant; Screening	Phytophthora; Phytophthora megakarya; Theobroma cacao	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33748694684	Yield performance and land-use efficiency of barley and faba bean mixed cropping in Ethiopian highlands	Agegnehu G., Ghizaw A., Sinebo W.	2006	European Journal of Agronomy	25	3	10.1016/j.eja.2006.05.002	Holetta Research Centre, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Agronomy and Crop Physiology, P.O. Box 2003, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Agegnehu, G., Holetta Research Centre, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Agronomy and Crop Physiology, P.O. Box 2003, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Ghizaw, A., Holetta Research Centre, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Agronomy and Crop Physiology, P.O. Box 2003, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Sinebo, W., Holetta Research Centre, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Agronomy and Crop Physiology, P.O. Box 2003, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Mixed intercropping of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) with faba bean (Vicia faba L.) was compared with sole cropping for three growing seasons (2001-2003) at Holetta Agricultural Research Centre, in the central highlands of Ethiopia. The treatments were sole barley (125 kg ha-1), sole faba bean (200 kg ha-1) and an additive series of 12.5, 25, 37.5, 50 and 62.5% of the sole seed rate of faba bean mixed with full barley seed rate. A randomised complete block design replicated four times was used. Mixed cropping and year effects were significant for seed and biomass yields of each crop species. Barley yield was reduced by mixed cropping only when the seed rate of faba bean exceeded 50 kg ha-1 or 25% of the sole seed rate. There was no mixed cropping by year interaction effect for barley grain yield but for faba bean seed yield. Total yield, barley yield equivalent, land equivalent ratio (LER) and system productivity index (SPI) of mixtures exceeded those of sole crops especially when faba bean seed rate in the mixture was increased to 75 kg ha-1 (37.5%) or more. The highest barley yield equivalent, SPI, crowding coefficient and LER were obtained when faba bean was mixed at a rate of 37.5% with full seed rate of barley. From this study, it is inferred that mixed intercropping of faba bean in normal barley culture at a density not less than 37.5% of the sole faba bean density may give better overall yield and income than sole culture of each crop species. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Aggressivity; Barley; Crowding coefficient; Faba bean; Intercropping; Land equivalent ratio; Mixed cropping	barley; comparative study; intercropping; land use; legume; mixed farming; Africa; East Africa; Ethiopia; Sub-Saharan Africa; Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare; Vicia faba	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84920913660	Isolation of α-linolenic acid biohydrogenation products by combined silver ion solid phase extraction and semi-preparative high performance liquid chromatography	Turner T.D., Meadus W.J., Mapiye C., Vahmani P., López-Campos Ó., Duff P., Rolland D.C., Church J.S., Dugan M.E.R.	2015	Journal of Chromatography B: Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences	980	None	10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.11.038	Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C and E Trail, Lacombe, AB, Canada; Thompson Rivers University, 900 McGill Road, Kamloops, BC, Canada; Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, P. Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa; Livestock Gentec, 1400 College Plaza 8215 112 Street, Edmonton, AB, Canada	Turner, T.D., Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C and E Trail, Lacombe, AB, Canada, Thompson Rivers University, 900 McGill Road, Kamloops, BC, Canada; Meadus, W.J., Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C and E Trail, Lacombe, AB, Canada; Mapiye, C., Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, P. Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa; Vahmani, P., Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C and E Trail, Lacombe, AB, Canada; López-Campos, Ó., Livestock Gentec, 1400 College Plaza 8215 112 Street, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Duff, P., Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C and E Trail, Lacombe, AB, Canada; Rolland, D.C., Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C and E Trail, Lacombe, AB, Canada; Church, J.S., Thompson Rivers University, 900 McGill Road, Kamloops, BC, Canada; Dugan, M.E.R., Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C and E Trail, Lacombe, AB, Canada	Polyunsaturated fatty acids typically found in cattle feed include linoleic (LA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA). In the rumen, microbes metabolize these resulting in the formation of biohydrogenation products (BHP), which can be incorporated into meat and milk. Bioactivities of LA-BHP, including conjugated linoleic acid (cis (c) 9,trans (t) 11-18:2 and t10,c12-18:2) and trans fatty acid isomers (t9-, t10- and t11-18:1) have been investigated, but effects of several BHP unique to ALA have not been extensively studied, and most ALA-BHP are not commercially available. The objective of the present research was to develop methods to purify and collect ALA-BHP using silver ion (Ag+) chromatography in sufficient quantities to allow for convenient bioactivity testing in cell culture. Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) were prepared from perirenal adipose tissue from a cow enriched with ALA-BHP by feeding flaxseed. These were applied to Ag+-solid phase extraction, and eluted with hexane with increasing quantities of acetone (1, 2, 10, 20%) or acetonitrile (2%) to pre-fractionate FAME based on degree of unsaturation and double bond configuration. Fractions were collected, concentrated and applied to semi-preparative Ag+-high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the isolation and collection of purified isomers, which was accomplished using isocratic elutions with hexane containing differing amounts of acetonitrile (from 0.015 to 0.075%). Purified trans-18:1 isomers collected ranged in purity from 88 to 99%. Purity of the ALA-BHP dienes collected, including c9,t13-18:2, t11,c15-18:2 and t10,c15-18:2, exceeded 90%, while purification of other dienes may require the use of other complementary procedures (e.g. reverse phase HPLC). © 2014.	Ag+-HPLC; Ag+-SPE; Biohydrogenation; α-Linolenic acid	Acetone; Acetonitrile; Bioactivity; Cell culture; Chromatography; Extraction; Hexane; High performance liquid chromatography; Isomers; Linoleic acid; Liquid chromatography; Liquids; Metal ions; Olefins; Phase separation; Polyunsaturated fatty acids; Purification; Alpha linolenic acids; Biohydrogenation; Conjugated linoleic acid; Degree of unsaturations; Fatty acid methyl ester; Linolenic acids; Semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatographies; Solid-phase extraction; Fatty acids; acetone; acetonitrile; conjugated linoleic acid; fatty acid ester; hexane; linolenic acid; silver; trans fatty acid; linolenic acid; adipose tissue; animal cell; animal tissue; Article; biological activity; concentration (parameters); controlled study; cow; fractionation; high performance liquid chromatography; hydrogenation; isomer; linseed; nonhuman; priority journal; solid phase extraction; high performance liquid chromatography; isolation and purification; procedures; solid phase extraction; Bos; alpha-Linolenic Acid; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Linoleic Acids, Conjugated; Solid Phase Extraction	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84874072487	Changes in selected physical, motor performance and anthropometric components of university-level rugby players after one microcycle of a combined rugby conditioning and plyometric training program	Pienaa C., Coetzee B.	2013	Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research	27	2	10.1519/JSC.0b013e31825770ea	Sport and Recreation Research Focus Area, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa	Pienaa, C., Sport and Recreation Research Focus Area, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Coetzee, B., Sport and Recreation Research Focus Area, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa	The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a microcycle (4 weeks) combined rugby conditioning plyometric compared with a nonplyometric rugby conditioning program on selected physical and motor performance components and anthropometric measurements of university-level rugby players. Players (18.94 ± 0.40 years) were assigned to either a control (n = 16) or experimental group (n = 19) from the U/19 rugby teams of the North-West University (South Africa). Twenty-six direct and indirect anthropometric measurements were taken, and the players performed a battery of 5 physical and motor performance tests before and after a microcycle (4 week) combined rugby conditioning plyometric (experimental group) and a nonplyometric rugby conditioning program (control group). The dependent t-test results showed that the control group's upper-body explosive power decreased significantly, whereas the stature, skeletal mass, and femur breadth increased significantly from pre-to posttesting. The experimental group showed significant increases in wrist breadth, speed over 20 m, agility, and power and work measurements of the Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT). Despite these results, the independent t-test revealed that speed over 20 m, average power output at 20 seconds, relative work of theWAnT, and agility were the only components of the experimental group that improved significantly more than the control group. A microcycle combined rugby conditioning plyometric program therefore leads to significantly bigger changes in selected physical and motor performance components of university-level rugby players than a nonplyometric rugby conditioning program alone. Based on these findings, coaches and sport scientists should implement × weekly combined rugby conditioning plyometric programs in rugby players' training regimens to improve the players' speed, agility, and power. © 2013 National Strength and Conditioning Association.	Agility; Body composition; Explosive power; Speed; WAnT	adolescent; adult; article; body height; body weight; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; femur; football; histology; human; male; motor performance; muscle contraction; muscle strength; physiology; plyometrics; randomized controlled trial; running; skeletal muscle; wrist; Adolescent; Adult; Body Height; Body Weight; Femur; Football; Humans; Male; Motor Skills; Muscle Contraction; Muscle Strength; Muscle, Skeletal; Plyometric Exercise; Running; Wrist; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84881252700	Maternal mortality in rural South Africa: The impact of case definition on levels and trends	Garenne M., Kahn K., Collinson M.A., Gómez-Olivé F.X., Tollman S.	2013	International Journal of Women's Health	5	1	10.2147/IJWH.S45983	MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Institut Pasteur, Epidémiologie des Maladies Emergentes, Paris, France; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMI Résiliences, Centre Ile de France, Bondy, France; Centre for Global Health Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; INDEPTH Network, East Legon, Accra, Ghana	Garenne, M., MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Institut Pasteur, Epidémiologie des Maladies Emergentes, Paris, France, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMI Résiliences, Centre Ile de France, Bondy, France; Kahn, K., MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Centre for Global Health Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden, INDEPTH Network, East Legon, Accra, Ghana; Collinson, M.A., MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Centre for Global Health Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden, INDEPTH Network, East Legon, Accra, Ghana; Gómez-Olivé, F.X., MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, INDEPTH Network, East Legon, Accra, Ghana; Tollman, S., MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Centre for Global Health Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden, INDEPTH Network, East Legon, Accra, Ghana	Background: Uncertainty in the levels of global maternal mortality reflects data deficiencies, as well as differences in methods and definitions. This study presents levels and trends in maternal mortality in Agincourt, a rural subdistrict of South Africa, under long-term health and sociodemographic surveillance. Methods: All deaths of women aged 15 years-49 years occurring in the study area between 1992 and 2010 were investigated, and causes of death were assessed by verbal autopsy. Two case definitions were used: "obstetrical" (direct) causes, defined as deaths caused by conditions listed under O00-O95 in International Classification of Diseases-10; and "pregnancy-related deaths", defined as any death occurring during the maternal risk period (pregnancy, delivery, 6 weeks postpartum), irrespective of cause. Results: The case definition had a major impact on levels and trends in maternal mortality. The obstetric mortality ratio averaged 185 per 100,000 live births over the period (60 deaths), whereas the pregnancy-related mortality ratio averaged 423 per 100,000 live births (137 deaths). Results from both calculations increased over the period, with a peak around 2006, followed by a decline coincident with the national roll-out of Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV and antiretroviral treatment programs. Mortality increase from direct causes was mainly due to hypertension or sepsis. Mortality increase from other causes was primarily due to the rise in deaths from HIV/AIDS and pulmonary tuberculosis. Conclusion: These trends underline the major fluctuations induced by emerging infectious diseases in South Africa, a country undergoing rapid and complex health transitions. Findings also pose questions about the most appropriate case definition for maternal mortality and emphasize the need for a consistent definition in order to better monitor and compare trends over time and across settings. © 2013 Garenne et al, publisher and licensee Dove Medical Press Ltd.	Agincourt; Direct causes; Maternal mortality; Pregnancy related deaths; South Africa	antiretrovirus agent; acquired immune deficiency syndrome; adolescent; adult; article; autopsy; cause of death; controlled study; delivery; demography; eclampsia; female; health program; high risk pregnancy; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; hypertension; ICD-10; infection prevention; live birth; long term care; lung tuberculosis; major clinical study; maternal mortality; maternal welfare; meningitis; obstetrics; pneumonia; preeclampsia; pregnancy; puerperal infection; puerperium; rating scale; rural population; sepsis; septicemia; socioeconomics; South Africa; trend study; vertical transmission; women's health	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84899460953	Exploring the impact of the 2008 global food crisis on food security among vulnerable households in rural South Africa	Nawrotzki R.J., Robson K., Gutilla M.J., Hunter L.M., Twine W., Norlund P.	2014	Food Security	6	2	10.1007/s12571-014-0336-6	CU Population Center, University of Colorado, Institute of Behavioral Science, UCB 483, C435B, 4th Floor, 1440 15th Street, Boulder, CO, 80302, United States; Colorado School of Public Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, United States; Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado at Anschutz Medical Campus, Boulder, CO, United States; CU Population Center, University of Colorado, Institute of Behavioral Science, Boulder, United States; University of Witwatersrand, School of Public Health, MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Geography, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States	Nawrotzki, R.J., CU Population Center, University of Colorado, Institute of Behavioral Science, UCB 483, C435B, 4th Floor, 1440 15th Street, Boulder, CO, 80302, United States; Robson, K., Colorado School of Public Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, United States; Gutilla, M.J., Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado at Anschutz Medical Campus, Boulder, CO, United States; Hunter, L.M., CU Population Center, University of Colorado, Institute of Behavioral Science, Boulder, United States, University of Witwatersrand, School of Public Health, MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), Johannesburg, South Africa; Twine, W., School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Norlund, P., Department of Geography, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States	Recurring food crises endanger the livelihoods of millions of households in developing countries around the globe. Owing to the importance of this issue, we explored recent changes in food security between the years 2004 and 2010 in a rural district in Northeastern South Africa. Our study window spans the time of the 2008 global food crisis and allows the investigation of its impacts on rural South African populations. Grounded in the sustainable livelihood framework, we examined differences in food security trajectories among vulnerable sub populations. A unique panel data set of 8,147 households, provided by the Agincourt Health and Demographic Surveillance System (Agincourt HDSS), allowed us to employ a longitudinal multilevel modeling approach to estimate adjusted growth curves for the differential changes in food security across time. We observed an overall improvement in food security that leveled off after 2008, most likely resulting from the global food crisis. In addition, we discovered significant differences in food security trajectories for various sub populations. For example, female-headed households and those living in areas with better access to natural resources differentially improved their food security situation, compared to male-headed households and those households with lower levels of natural resource access. However, former Mozambican refugees witnessed a decline in food security. Therefore, poverty alleviation programs for the Agincourt region should work to improve the food security of vulnerable households, such as former Mozambican refugees. © 2014 The Author(s).	Agincourt; Food security; Global food crisis; Growth curve models; Natural resources; South Africa	developing world; food security; growth curve; household income; natural resource; poverty; refugee; rural area; subpopulation; sustainable development; vulnerability; Mozambique; South Africa	MRC, Wellcome Trust; 069683/Z/02/Z, Wellcome Trust; 085477/Z/08/Z, Wellcome Trust
WoS	WOS:000341887000001	Evaluation of record linkage of mortality data between a health and demographic surveillance system and national civil registration system in South Africa	Bradshaw, Debbie,Gomez-Olive, Francesc Xavier,Joubert, Jane D.,Kabudula, Chodziwadziwa W.,Kahn, Kathleen,Lopez, Alan D.,Mee, Paul,Rao, Chalapati,Tollman, Stephen,Tuoane-Nkhasi, Maletela,Vos, Theo	2014	POPULATION HEALTH METRICS	13	1	10.1186/s12963-014-0023-z	South African Medical Research Council, Umea University, University of Melbourne, University of Queensland, University of Washington, University of Washington Seattle, University of Witwatersrand, INDEPTH Network, Stat South Africa	"Bradshaw, Debbie: South African Medical Research Council","Gomez-Olive, Francesc Xavier: University of Witwatersrand","Kabudula, Chodziwadziwa W.: University of Witwatersrand","Lopez, Alan D.: University of Melbourne","Rao, Chalapati: University of Queensland","Vos, Theo: University of Washington","Vos, Theo: University of Washington Seattle",	Background: Health and Demographic Surveillance Systems (HDSS) collect independent mortality data that could be used for assessing the quality of mortality data in national civil registration (CR) systems in low- and middle-income countries. However, the use of HDSS data for such purposes depends on the quality of record linkage between the two data sources. We describe and evaluate the quality of record linkage between HDSS and CR mortality data in South Africa with HDSS data from Agincourt HDSS. Methods: We applied deterministic and probabilistic record linkage approaches to mortality records from 2006 to 2009 from the Agincourt HDSS and those in the CR system. Quality of the matches generated by the probabilistic approach was evaluated using sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) calculated from a subset of records that were linked using national identity number. Matched and unmatched records from the Agincourt HDSS were compared to identify characteristics associated with successful matching. In addition, the distribution of background characteristics in all deaths that occurred in 2009 and those linked to CR records was compared to assess systematic bias in the resulting record-linked dataset in the latest time period. Results: Deterministic and probabilistic record linkage approaches combined linked a total of 2264 out of 3726 (60.8%) mortality records from the Agincourt HDSS to those in the CR system. Probabilistic approaches independently linked 1969 (87.0%) of the linked records. In a subset of 708 records that were linked using national identity number, the probabilistic approaches yielded sensitivity of 90.0% and PPV of 98.5%. Records belonging to more vulnerable people, including poorer persons, young children, and non-South Africans were less likely to be matched. Nevertheless, distribution of most background characteristics was similar between all Agincourt HDSS deaths and those matched to CR records in the latest time period. Conclusion: This study shows that record linkage of mortality data from HDSS and CR systems is possible and can be useful in South Africa. The study identifies predictors for death registration and data items and registration system characteristics that could be improved to achieve more optimal future matching possibilities.	"Agincourt HDSS","Civil registration system","death registration","Health and demographic surveillance system (HDSS)",MORTALITY,"RECORD LINKAGE","SOUTH AFRICA","AGINCOURT HEALTH",CARE,DEATH,DISEASE,EPIDEMIOLOGY,"GLOBAL BURDEN",IDENTIFIERS,POPULATION,VALID	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84863843550	The impact of antiretroviral treatment on the age composition of the HIV epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa	Hontelez J.A.C., De Vlas S.J., Baltussen R., Newell M.-L., Bakker R., Tanser F., Lurie M., Bärnighausen T.	2012	AIDS	26	SUPPL.1	10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283558526	Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Primary and Community Care, Nijmegen International Center for Health System Analysis and Education, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Netherlands; Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Somkhele, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Department of Epidemiology and the International Health Institute, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States; Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States	Hontelez, J.A.C., Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands, Department of Primary and Community Care, Nijmegen International Center for Health System Analysis and Education, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Netherlands, Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Somkhele, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; De Vlas, S.J., Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands; Baltussen, R., Department of Primary and Community Care, Nijmegen International Center for Health System Analysis and Education, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Netherlands; Newell, M.-L., Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Somkhele, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Bakker, R., Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands; Tanser, F., Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Somkhele, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Lurie, M., Department of Epidemiology and the International Health Institute, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States; Bärnighausen, T., Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Somkhele, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States	Introduction: Antiretroviral treatment (ART) coverage is rapidly expanding in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Based on the effect of ART on survival of HIV-infected people and HIV transmission, the age composition of the HIV epidemic in the region is expected to change in the coming decades. We quantify the change in the age composition of HIV-infected people in all countries in SSA. Methods: We used STDSIM, a stochastic microsimulation model, and developed an approach to represent HIV prevalence and treatment coverage in 43 countries in SSA, using publicly available data. We predict future trends in HIV prevalence and total number of HIV-infected people aged 15-49 years and 50 years or older for different ART coverage levels. Results: We show that, if treatment coverage continues to increase at present rates, the total number of HIV-infected people aged 50 years or older will nearly triple over the coming years: from 3.1 million in 2011 to 9.1 million in 2040, dramatically changing the age composition of the HIV epidemic in SSA. In 2011, about one in seven HIV-infected people was aged 50 years or older; in 2040, this ratio will be larger than one in four. Conclusion: The HIV epidemic in SSA is rapidly ageing, implying changing needs and demands in many social sectors, including health, social care, and old-age pension systems. Health policymakers need to anticipate the impact of the changing HIV age composition in their planning for future capacity in these systems. © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.	aging; antiretroviral therapy; epidemiological trends; HIV; mathematical model	antiretrovirus agent; adolescent; adult; age distribution; antiviral therapy; article; CD4 lymphocyte count; female; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; Human immunodeficiency virus prevalence; major clinical study; male; priority journal; prostitution; sexual behavior; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adolescent; Adult; Africa South of the Sahara; Aging; Anti-HIV Agents; Epidemics; Female; Health Policy; Health Services Accessibility; Health Services Needs and Demand; Humans; Life Expectancy; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Middle Aged; Models, Theoretical; Prevalence; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84933514271	Participation and performance trends of East-African runners in Swiss half-marathons and marathons held between 2000 and 2010	Cribari M., Rüst C.A., Rosemann T., Onywera V., Lepers R., Knechtle B.	2013	BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation	5	1	10.1186/2052-1847-5-24	Institute of General Practice and for Health Services Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Recreation Management and Exercise Science, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya; INSERM U1093, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France; Facharzt FMH für Allgemeinmedizin, Gesundheitszentrum St. Gallen Vadianstrasse 26, St. Gallen, Switzerland	Cribari, M., Institute of General Practice and for Health Services Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Rüst, C.A., Institute of General Practice and for Health Services Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Rosemann, T., Institute of General Practice and for Health Services Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Onywera, V., Department of Recreation Management and Exercise Science, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya; Lepers, R., INSERM U1093, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France; Knechtle, B., Institute of General Practice and for Health Services Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, Facharzt FMH für Allgemeinmedizin, Gesundheitszentrum St. Gallen Vadianstrasse 26, St. Gallen, Switzerland	Background: This study examined the changes in participation, performance and age of East African runners competing in half-marathons and marathons held in Switzerland between 2000 and 2010. Methods: Race times, sex, age and origin of East African versus Non-African finishers of half-marathon and marathon finishers were analyzed. Results: Across time, the number of Kenyan and Ethiopian finishers remained stable (P > 0.05) while the number of Non-African finishers increased for both women and men in both half-marathons and marathons (P < 0.05). In half-marathons, the top ten African women (71 ± 1.4 min) and top three (62.3 ± 0.6 min) and top ten (62.8 ± 0.4 min) African men were faster than their Non-African counterparts (P < 0.05). In marathons, however, there was no difference in race times between the top three African men (130.0 ± 0.0 min) and women (151.7 ± 2.5 min) compared to Non-African men (129.0 ± 1.0 min) and women (150.7 ± 1.2 min) (P > 0.05). In half-marathons and marathons was no difference in age between the best Non-African and the best African runners (P > 0.05). Conclusions: During the last decade in Switzerland, the participation of Kenyan and Ethiopian runners in half- and full- marathons remained stable. In marathons there was no difference in age and performance between the top African and the top Non-African runners. Regarding half-marathons, the top African runners were faster but not younger than the top Non-African runners. Future insight should be gained by comparing the present results with participation, performance and age trends for East African runners competing in marathons held in larger countries. © 2013 Cribari et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Aging; East African runners; Gender; Marathon; Nationality; Running	adult; age; Article; athletic performance; comparative study; Ethiopian; ethnic difference; female; human; Kenyan; male; marathon runner; running; sex difference; social participation; Switzerland; trend study	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84885291083	Low vitamin D status is associated with reduced muscle mass and impaired physical performance in frail elderly people	Tieland M., Brouwer-Brolsma E.M., Nienaber-Rousseau C., Van Loon L.J.C., De Groot L.C.P.G.M.	2013	European Journal of Clinical Nutrition	67	10	10.1038/ejcn.2013.144	Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands; Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, PO Box 8129, Wageningen 6700EV, Netherlands; Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Department of Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands	Tieland, M., Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, PO Box 8129, Wageningen 6700EV, Netherlands; Brouwer-Brolsma, E.M., Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, PO Box 8129, Wageningen 6700EV, Netherlands; Nienaber-Rousseau, C., Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Van Loon, L.J.C., Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands; De Groot, L.C.P.G.M., Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, PO Box 8129, Wageningen 6700EV, Netherlands, Department of Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands	Background/Objectives:Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) status has been associated with muscle mass, strength and physical performance in healthy elderly people. Yet, in pre-frail and frail elderly people this association has not been studied. The objective of this study was to explore the association between vitamin D intake and serum 25(OH)D status with muscle mass, strength and physical performance in a pre-frail and frail elderly population.Subjects/ Methods:This cross-sectional study included 127 pre-frail and frail elderly people in The Netherlands. Whole body and appendicular lean mass (ALM) (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry), leg strength (one repetition maximum), handgrip strength and physical performance (short physical performance battery) were measured, and blood samples were collected for the assessment of serum 25(OH)D status (liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry). In addition, habitual dietary intake (3-day food records) and physical activity data (accelerometers) were collected.Results:In total, 53% of the participants had a serum 25(OH)D level below 50 nmol/l. After adjustment for confounding factors, 25(OH)D status was associated with ALM (β=0.012, P=0.05) and with physical performance (β=0.020, P<0.05). Vitamin D intake was associated with physical performance (β=0.18, P<0.05) but not with ALM (P>0.05).Conclusion:In this frail elderly population, 25(OH)D status is low and suggests a modest association with reduced ALM and impaired physical performance. In addition, vitamin D intake tended to be associated with impaired physical performance. Our findings highlight the need for well-designed intervention trials to assess the impact of vitamin D supplementation on 25(OH)D status, muscle mass and physical performance in pre-frail and frail elderly people. © 2013 Macmillan Publishers Limited.	aging; frailty; muscle function; sarcopenia; vitamin D	25 hydroxyvitamin D; vitamin D; aged; article; blood sampling; cross-sectional study; disease association; dual energy X ray absorptiometry; female; frail elderly; geriatric assessment; grip strength; human; lean body weight; liquid chromatography; major clinical study; male; muscle mass; muscle strength; Netherlands; nutritional assessment; nutritional status; physical disease; physical performance; tandem mass spectrometry; vitamin blood level; vitamin D deficiency; vitamin intake; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Body Composition; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Frail Elderly; Humans; Male; Muscle Strength; Muscle, Skeletal; Netherlands; Physical Fitness; Sarcopenia; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84866172781	The impact of pensions on health and wellbeing in rural South Africa: Does gender matter?	Schatz E., Gómez-Olivé X., Ralston M., Menken J., Tollman S.	2012	Social Science and Medicine	75	10	10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.07.004	School of Health Professions and Department of Women's and Gender Studies, University of Missouri, Columbia, United States; MRC/Wits Rural Population Health and Health Transition Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, United States; Department of Sociology, University of Missouri, Columbia, United States	Schatz, E., School of Health Professions and Department of Women's and Gender Studies, University of Missouri, Columbia, United States, MRC/Wits Rural Population Health and Health Transition Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, United States; Gómez-Olivé, X., MRC/Wits Rural Population Health and Health Transition Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Ralston, M., Department of Sociology, University of Missouri, Columbia, United States; Menken, J., MRC/Wits Rural Population Health and Health Transition Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, United States; Tollman, S., MRC/Wits Rural Population Health and Health Transition Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, United States	Unique to Africa, a means-tested non-contributory pension is available to South Africans. In 2006, women over 60 and men over 65 were pension-eligible. To explore the effect of the pension for health and wellbeing indicators of rural South African men and women, we analyze data from the WHO-INDEPTH Study of Global Ageing and Adult Health Survey, carried out in the Agincourt sub-district by the MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt) in 2006. Because pension receipt was not measured directly, our findings represent intent-to-treat (ITT) rather than treatment-on-the-treated (TOT) effects using age as an indicator for intent-to-treat. Overall, women report poorer wellbeing compared to men. However, women have a "honeymoon" period at ages 60-64, the first years of pension-eligibility, in which they report lower levels of worry and sadness, and higher overall happiness, life satisfaction, and quality of life as compared to younger and older women. For men, in contrast, reports of wellbeing worsen in the pre-pension years, followed by a similar but not as prominent pattern of favorable reports in the five years following pension-eligibility, and a decline in the next five-year period. Thus, while pensions continue to enhance financial wellbeing, our results suggest that their effect on social wellbeing may be gendered and transitory. Further research is needed to improve understanding of these dynamics. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.	Aging; Gender; Health and demographic surveillance system; Pension; Quality of life; Social wellbeing; South Africa	gender relations; health impact; health insurance; pension system; quality of life; rural society; adult; age distribution; aged; article; emotion; female; health; human; intention to treat analysis; male; pension; quality of life; satisfaction; sex difference; social behavior; South Africa; wellbeing; Age Factors; Aged; Female; Health Status; Health Surveys; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pensions; Quality of Life; Rural Health; South Africa; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33846873051	Evaluation of solids suspension in a pilot-scale mechanical flotation cell: The critical impeller speed	der Westhuizen A.P.V., Deglon D.A.	2007	Minerals Engineering	20	3	10.1016/j.mineng.2006.08.019	Mineral Processing Research Unit, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7700, South Africa	der Westhuizen, A.P.V., Mineral Processing Research Unit, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7700, South Africa; Deglon, D.A., Mineral Processing Research Unit, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7700, South Africa	This paper investigates solids suspension in a pilot-scale mechanical flotation cell in terms of the critical impeller speed, Njs. Understanding solids suspension has become increasingly important in recent years due to dramatic increases in flotation cell sizes but appears to be relatively poorly researched. The critical impeller speed is commonly used to indicate the effectiveness of solids suspension in stirred tanks, but has seldom been investigated in flotation cells. In this study, critical impeller speeds were visually determined and concentration profiles were measured through sample withdrawal in a 125 l Batequip (Bateman) pilot flotation cell. Two solids size fractions (75-106 and 150-250 μm) were tested, in ungassed and gassed conditions (JG = 0, 1 cm/s) and at various impeller speeds (300-900 rpm). The effectiveness of solids suspension was quantified in three ways; (i) the extent of off-bottom solids suspension, (ii) the extent of axial solids distribution (suspension height) and, (iii) the variability of axial solids distribution. Consistent trends were found when these effectiveness criteria were considered against relative impeller speed, in terms of percentage of critical impeller speed, N/Njs. As per definition, off-bottom solids suspension was found to be complete at or above 100% of Njs, with significant sedimentation occurring as the impeller speed dropped below 60% of Njs. Suspension heights consistently reached a level equivalent to 90% of the tank diameter at the critical impeller speed, and dropped off significantly as N/Njs dropped below 60%. The relative standard deviation of the vertical solids distribution consistently reached a value of around 30% at Njs. The paper concludes that the critical impeller speed, as per stirred tanks, is an appropriate measure for describing and benchmarking the effectiveness of solids suspension in a mechanical flotation cell. The authors speculate that, when solids suspension is considered as a precondition to flotation, flotation cells should not be operated at specific 'impeller speeds' but rather at specific 'percentages of critical impeller speed' analogous to the 'critical speed' used in the operation of grinding mills. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Agitation; Flotation machines; Froth flotation; Solids suspension	Froth flotation; Grinding mills; Impellers; Speed control; Agitation; Flotation machines; Solids suspension; Suspensions (fluids)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80051564160	Land, landlords and sustainable livelihoods: The impact of agrarian reform on a coconut hacienda in the Philippines	Vista B.M., Nel E., Binns T.	2012	Land Use Policy	29	1	10.1016/j.landusepol.2011.06.002	Department of Geography, University of Otago, New Zealand; Research Fellow, University of Johannesburg, South Africa	Vista, B.M., Department of Geography, University of Otago, New Zealand; Nel, E., Department of Geography, University of Otago, New Zealand, Research Fellow, University of Johannesburg, South Africa; Binns, T., Department of Geography, University of Otago, New Zealand	Agrarian reform has been a key theme on the development agenda of many countries in the Global South for decades. Whilst such interventions are often pursued for political goals and in the interests of empowerment, there is often a mismatch between these goals and the actual outcomes achieved. Within this context, this study investigates the impacts of agrarian reform in Del Rosario, a former coconut hacienda in the Philippines. This is done in an attempt to explore whether agrarian reform has facilitated the creation of sustainable livelihoods among its beneficiaries, in particular, and in their agrarian reform community, in general. The impacts of reform are examined in relation to four themes - economic, social, demographic and environmental. Overall, the study concludes that agrarian reform has not brought about sustainable livelihoods in the former coconut hacienda. People's livelihoods, especially those derived from copra farming, remain at a subsistence level. At most, at an economic level agrarian reform has brought about improved access to land among its beneficiaries. Nevertheless, it has empowered the farmers by giving them greater freedom and has increased their sense of well-being, as well as enabling them to improve their families' life prospects and strengthen social capital. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.	Agrarian reform; Hacienda; Impacts; Land reform; Livelihoods; Philippines	accessibility; agrarian reform; empowerment; land reform; land tenure; landownership; social capital; sustainable development; Philippines	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-82655173307	Performance of smallholder agriculture under limited mechanization and the fast track land reform program in Zimbabwe	Obi A., Chisango F.F.	2011	International Food and Agribusiness Management Review	14	4	None	Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, Eastern Cape, 5700, South Africa	Obi, A., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, Eastern Cape, 5700, South Africa; Chisango, F.F., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, Eastern Cape, 5700, South Africa	The Zimbabwean government has long been committed to expansion of agricultural production through mechanization and pursued this goal under the unpopular fast track land reform program (FTLRP). The acquisition and use of tractors by arable crop farmers in communal and resettlement state land were encouraged. This research examines the performance of the program in the Bindura District. Ninety farmers were interviewed using a multistage sampling technique of structured questionnaires to collect data on demographic background, investment levels and production in terms of costs and returns. The Stochastic Frontier Model revealed the significant impact of the program on participating farmers, highlighting the significance of land and other productive factors. While overall production and productivity remain low, triggering a hyperinflationary situation due to supply constraints, practical implications for agribusinesses are foreseen. © 2011 International Food and Agribusiness Management Association (IFAMA).	Agribusiness management; Agricultural development; Agricultural mechanization; Fast track land reform; Stochastic frontier model; Technical efficiency	None	None
None	None	Tobacco growers at the crossroads: Towards a comparison of diversification and ecosystem impacts	Geist H.J., Chang K.-t., Etges V., Abdallah J.M.	2009	Land Use Policy	26	4	10.1016/j.landusepol.2009.01.003	University of Aberdeen, Department of Geography and Environment, Elphinstone Road, Aberdeen, AB24 3UF, United Kingdom; National Taiwan University, Department of Geography, 1 Roosevelt Road, Section 4, Taipei, 106, Taiwan; Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul, Departamento de História e Geografia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Regional, Avenida Independência 2293, CEP 96815-900 Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil; Sokoine University of Agriculture, Department of Forest Economics, P.O. Box 3011, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania	Geist, H.J., University of Aberdeen, Department of Geography and Environment, Elphinstone Road, Aberdeen, AB24 3UF, United Kingdom; Chang, K.-t., National Taiwan University, Department of Geography, 1 Roosevelt Road, Section 4, Taipei, 106, Taiwan; Etges, V., Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul, Departamento de História e Geografia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Regional, Avenida Independência 2293, CEP 96815-900 Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil; Abdallah, J.M., Sokoine University of Agriculture, Department of Forest Economics, P.O. Box 3011, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania	An international Framework Convention on Tobacco Control has been in force since 2005, also aimed at regulating tobacco farming: FCTC article 17 on diversification, and FCTC article 18 on socio-ecological issues. Relating to the FCTC, information was gained and evaluated from tobacco farmers of growing areas sampled from major world regions (Rio Grande do Sul/Brazil, Tabora/Tanzania, Meinung/Taiwan, and Germany/Europe). A local farming survey was carried out in 2007, using a common data protocol, which covered, among others, questions on area and production development, energy used in curing, workforce, economic livelihood situation, and diversification opportunities. In addition to the survey, secondary (national-scale) statistics, public testimonies and other published data were explored. We analyzed these data using a portfolio approach, which combined statistical analysis, meta-analytical study and descriptive narratives. The projected trend of a global shift of tobacco cultivation into the developing world is confirmed, but also refined. Wood is used in Brazil and Tanzania for curing Virginia green leaf, thus contradicting the projected continuous reduction of this energy source. Child labour remains a major component of family farm tobacco operations in Brazil and Tanzania, while the cost and availability of seasonal labour turns into a bottleneck of production in Germany. More diversification opportunities exist than generally claimed, but no efforts are seen to address poor and vulnerable growers, in particular. German and Taiwanese tobacco growers can reasonably be predicted to discontinue farming in the near future, while tobacco cultivation in Brazil and Tanzania is seen to expand, mainly due to the political economy of low-cost production. Conclusions are drawn with respect to the work of the UN Study Group on Economically Sustainable Alternatives to Tobacco Growing (ESATG), effective since 2007. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Agricultural alternatives; Crop substitution; Deforestation; Framework convention on tobacco control; Land use transition; Rural livelihood; Tobacco transition; Wood use	agrarian change; agricultural diversification; agricultural worker; alternative agriculture; comparative study; crop production; cultivation; developing world; ecological impact; family farm; land use change; meta-analysis; rural economy; tobacco; Africa; Asia; Brazil; Central Europe; East Africa; Eurasia; Europe; Far East; Germany; South America; Sub-Saharan Africa; Taiwan; Tanzania; Nicotiana tabacum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67349103089	Soil erosion and risk-assessment for on- and off-farm impacts: A test case using the Midhurst area, West Sussex, UK	Boardman J., Shepheard M.L., Walker E., Foster I.D.L.	2009	Journal of Environmental Management	90	8	10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.01.018	Environmental Change Institute, Oxford University Centre for the Environment, Dyson Perrins Building, South Parks Rd., Oxford, OX1 3QY, United Kingdom; Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa; Department of Molecular and Applied Biosciences, School of Biosciences, University of Westminster, Cavendish Campus, 115 New Cavendish St., London, W1W 6UW, United Kingdom; Department of Geography, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Grahamstown, 6140 Eastern Cape, South Africa	Boardman, J., Environmental Change Institute, Oxford University Centre for the Environment, Dyson Perrins Building, South Parks Rd., Oxford, OX1 3QY, United Kingdom, Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa; Shepheard, M.L., Environmental Change Institute, Oxford University Centre for the Environment, Dyson Perrins Building, South Parks Rd., Oxford, OX1 3QY, United Kingdom; Walker, E., Environmental Change Institute, Oxford University Centre for the Environment, Dyson Perrins Building, South Parks Rd., Oxford, OX1 3QY, United Kingdom; Foster, I.D.L., Department of Molecular and Applied Biosciences, School of Biosciences, University of Westminster, Cavendish Campus, 115 New Cavendish St., London, W1W 6UW, United Kingdom, Department of Geography, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Grahamstown, 6140 Eastern Cape, South Africa	Soil erosion on agricultural land is a growing problem in Western Europe and constitutes a threat to soil quality and to the ability of soils to provide environmental services. The off-site impacts of runoff and eroded soil, principally eutrophication of water bodies, sedimentation of gravel-bedded rivers, loss of reservoir capacity, muddy flooding of roads and communities, are increasingly recognised and costed. The shift of funding in the European Union (EU) from production-related to avoidance of pollution and landscape protection, raises issues of cross-compliance: public support for agriculture has to be seen to give value-for-money. In this context risk-assessment procedures have been introduced to help farmers recognise sites where either certain crops should not be grown or anti-erosion measures are required. In England, Defra [Defra, 2005a. Controlling Soil Erosion: a Manual for the Assessment and Management of Agricultural Land at Risk of Water Erosion in Lowland England. Revised September 2005. Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, London] sets out a system of risk-assessment, including ranking of crops susceptible to erosion and anti-erosion measures, that may be selected. We assess this system using field data for an area of erodible soils in the Rother valley, Sussex. The Defra approach correctly identifies most at-risk fields and, taken together with land-use maps, allows non-compliance with advice to be highlighted. We suggest a simple extension to the system which would further identify at-risk fields in terms of possible damage to roads and rivers from muddy runoff. The increased risk of erosion in the study area is associated with certain crops: potatoes, winter cereals, maize and grazed turnips and seems unlikely to be the result of changes in rainfall which over the last 130 years are minimal. We have not evaluated proposed anti-erosion measures in the area because few have been put into practice. The European Water Framework Directive will increasingly focus attention on agricultural fields as a source of river pollution. Assessing the risk of erosion and the need for field testing of suggested approaches, are not simply issues for the EU, but for the management of global agricultural systems. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Agricultural change; Climate change; Erosion; Land-use change; Muddy floods; Off-site impacts; Risk-assessment	agricultural change; agricultural land; climate change; environmental impact; European Union; eutrophication; land use change; risk assessment; runoff; soil erosion; agriculture; article; cereal; climate change; environmental impact; environmental protection; land use; landscape; maize; potato; risk assessment; river; soil erosion; soil quality; United Kingdom; water pollution; Agriculture; Conservation of Natural Resources; Environmental Monitoring; Great Britain; Risk Assessment; Soil; England; Eurasia; Europe; United Kingdom; West Sussex; Western Europe; Solanum tuberosum; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953355255	Climatic variability and its impacts on agricultural income and households' welfare in Southern and Northern Nigeria	Oyekale A.S.	2009	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	8	1	None	Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Oyekale, A.S., Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	This study assessed variability in some weather variables and its impacts on agricultural incomes in northern and southern Nigeria. To achieve these, we combined time series weather variables obtained from some meteorological stations in Nigeria with household cross-sectional data collected by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS). The descriptive and regression methods were used to analyze the data. The results show high variability in some weather with rainfall exhibiting the highest variability between 1971 and 2003. Impacts of climatic changes on agricultural income and welfare were modeled with climaterelated variables like variability indices of annual for 1971-2003, actual annual rainfall data in 2003, time for gathering fuel wood, time for fetching water and season of interview. It was found that agricultural income and welfare in northern part of Nigeria will be more negatively affected by climatic changes than southern part. The study recommended development of alternative energy sources, promotion of irrigate agriculture and skill development for combating adverse climatic changes, among others.	Agricultural; Climatic variability; Nigeria	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84861854216	Evaluation of agricultural credit utilization by cooperative farmers in Benue state of Nigeria	Okwoche V.A., Asogwa B.C., Obinne P.C.	2012	European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences	None	47	None	Department of Agricultural Extension and Communication, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria; Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria	Okwoche, V.A., Department of Agricultural Extension and Communication, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria; Asogwa, B.C., Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria; Obinne, P.C., Department of Agricultural Extension and Communication, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria	The study evaluated agricultural credit utilization by cooperative farmers in Benue State of Nigeria. Data were collected from randomly sampled 130 Agricultural Cooperatives in Benue State using a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using frequency distribution and percentages and t-test analysis. The result of study showed that majority of the farmers (41.5%) is within the age bracket of active work and therefore can make meaningful impact in agricultural production when motivated with the needed credit facilities. Furthermore, 88.5% of the respondents source their credits from non-institutional sources. More than 87.7% of the respondents utilized credits accessed for the purpose of Agricultural production. In addition, the study indicated that the loan acquired by the respondents had significant impact on their output and income. Farmer's joined the farmers' cooperative societies mainly for access to credit. It is recommended that the farmers should be adequately motivated with needed credit facilities so as to enhance their agricultural production. Furthermore, formal credit institution should increase the access of farmers to credit facilities as this will go a long way in improving their productivity and welfare. The result of study indicated that high interest rate was the major constraint of the respondents in sourcing agricultural credit. © EuroJournals, Inc. 2012.	Agricultural credit; Cooperative society; Evaluation; Farmers; Utilization	None	None
None	None	Impact of vaccination against chicken Newcastle disease on food intake and food security in rural households in Tanzania	Knueppel D., Cardona C., Msoffe P., Demment M., Kaiser L.	2010	Food and Nutrition Bulletin	31	3	None	University of California, Davis, Department of Nutrition, Davis CA 95616, United States; College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States; Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania	Knueppel, D., University of California, Davis, Department of Nutrition, Davis CA 95616, United States; Cardona, C., College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States; Msoffe, P., Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania; Demment, M., University of California, Davis, Department of Nutrition, Davis CA 95616, United States; Kaiser, L., University of California, Davis, Department of Nutrition, Davis CA 95616, United States	Background. Small-scale poultry production has the potential to increase animal-source food consumption, improve household income, and reduce food insecurity. Objective. To assess the impact of a chicken Newcastle disease vaccination program on consumption of chicken and eggs among women and children, income, and food insecurity in rural Tanzanian households. Methods. Comparisons were made between households from three project villages, which participated in a Newcastle disease vaccination program for chickens, and three control villages, which did not participate. Household interviews were done with mothers from a random sample in March 2008 (237 households) and March 2009 (261 households). Results. After the first year of vaccinations (three rounds), project households kept significantly more chickens and tended to be more food secure than control households. Mothers from project households ate significantly more eggs than their counterparts in control households. A similar trend was observed among children. In 2009, fewer chickens were vaccinated in the project villages than in 2008, and more chickens were independently vaccinated in the control villages. This corresponded with an increase in ownership of chickens, a reduction in food insecurity, and improved consumption of eggs in control villages, whereas chicken ownership and egg consumption decreased and food insecurity remained relatively stable in project villages. We saw no differences between project and control villages in income earned from chicken and egg sales. Conclusions. Our findings suggest that an increase in chicken Newcastle disease vaccination can lead to an increase in ownership of chickens and egg consumption and may also have an effect on reducing household food insecurity. © 2010, The United Nations University.	Agricultural development; Animal-source food; Food security; Impact assessment; Newcastle disease; Poultry; Tanzania	agricultural development; avian influenza; disease prevalence; egg; food consumption; food intake; food security; household income; household survey; participatory approach; poultry; questionnaire survey; rural area; vaccination; adolescent; adult; animal; animal disease; article; bird disease; chicken; clinical trial; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; diet; economics; egg; family size; female; human; immunology; infant; male; mass immunization; meat; microbiology; Newcastle disease; Newcastle disease paramyxovirus; organization and management; poverty; preschool child; rural population; statistics; Tanzania; Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Chickens; Child, Preschool; Diet; Economics; Eggs; Family Characteristics; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Mass Vaccination; Meat; Newcastle Disease; Newcastle disease virus; Ownership; Poultry Diseases; Poverty; Rural Population; Tanzania; Young Adult; Tanzania; Animalia; Gallus gallus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67650340002	Impact of internship training on faculty of agriculture undergraduates of the obafemi awolowo university, ile-ife, Nigeria	Ajayi A.O., Okorie V.O., Yusuf O.J.	2008	Journal of Agricultural and Food Information	9	2	10.1080/10496500802173988	Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Sociology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Sociology, Faculty of Agriculture, Obafemi Awolowo University O.A.U., P.O. Box 1979, Postal Code 220005,	Ajayi, A.O., Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Sociology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Sociology, Faculty of Agriculture, Obafemi Awolowo University O.A.U., P.O. Box 1979, Postal Code 220005, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Okorie, V.O., Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Sociology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Yusuf, O.J., Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Sociology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	This study assessed the impact of internship training on undergraduates of agriculture in the Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. The job aspirations and attitudes of preinternship and postinternship undergraduates toward studying agriculture and toward participating in internship training were compared and the students' preferred courses and reasons for studying agriculture were identified. A multistage sampling procedure was employed to select an equal number of respondents from both preinternship and postinternship students; a pretested and validated structured questionnaire was used to elicit qualitative information from 130 respondents; frequency distribution, percentage, mean, and standard deviation were used to describe the data; one-way-ANOVA test was used to test the hypotheses in order to make deductions from the data. The result of ANOVA revealed that at P 0.05 significance level, there were significant differences in the preinternship and postinternship students' attitudes toward studying agriculture and toward participating in internship training. However, at P 0.05 significance level, there was no significant difference in the job aspirations of preinternship and postinternship students. It was, therefore, concluded that the internship training changed only the attitude of postinternship students toward studying agriculture and participating in internship training, with no significant impact on the job aspirations of the students. Hence, the study recommended overhauling the internship training program through adequate funding, logistics, and curriculum revision; so as to enable it to attain its goals and promote improvement and retention of educated and able-bodied youth in the agricultural sector. © 2008 by The Haworth Press. All rights reserved.	Agricultural development; Attitude; Internship training; Job aspiration; Labor depletion	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84900553934	Participation and performance: Decentralised planning and implementation in ethiopia	Snyder K.A., Ludi E., Cullen B., Tucker J., Zeleke A.B., Duncan A.	2014	Public Administration and Development	34	2	10.1002/pad.1680	International Water Management Institute, Ethiopia; International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Nairobi, Kenya; Overseas Development Institute, United Kingdom; International Livestock Research Institute, Ethiopia	Snyder, K.A., International Water Management Institute, Ethiopia, International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Nairobi, Kenya; Ludi, E., Overseas Development Institute, United Kingdom; Cullen, B., International Livestock Research Institute, Ethiopia; Tucker, J., Overseas Development Institute, United Kingdom; Zeleke, A.B., International Livestock Research Institute, Ethiopia; Duncan, A., International Livestock Research Institute, Ethiopia	This article discusses how decentralisation policies are enacted in the planning and implementation of natural resource management interventions in rural Ethiopia. A key element of decentralisation policy is the emphasis on greater participation by local communities. Drawing on qualitative research conducted with government staff and farmers, this paper illustrates how different actors perceive and implement national policy and how these actions affect the longer-term sustainability of land management interventions. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Agricultural development; Decentralisation; Ethiopia; Natural resources management; Participatory planning	agricultural development; decentralization; land management; local participation; participatory approach; performance assessment; policy implementation; resource management; rural area; sustainability; Ethiopia	None
None	None	Impact of crop cycle on movement patterns of pest rodent species between fields and houses in Africa	Monadjem A., Mahlaba T.A., Dlamini N., Eiseb S.J., Belmain S.R., Mulungu L.S., Massawe A.W., Makundi R.H., Mohr K., Taylor P.J.	2011	Wildlife Research	38	7	10.1071/WR10130	Department of Biological Sciences, University of Swaziland, Private Bag 4, Kwaluseni, Swaziland; National Museum of Namibia, PO Box 1203, Windhoek, Namibia; Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom; Pest Management Centre, Sokoine University of Agriculture, PO Box 3110, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania; Natural History Museum of Denmark, Zoological Department, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Department of Ecology and Resource Management, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa	Monadjem, A., Department of Biological Sciences, University of Swaziland, Private Bag 4, Kwaluseni, Swaziland; Mahlaba, T.A., Department of Biological Sciences, University of Swaziland, Private Bag 4, Kwaluseni, Swaziland; Dlamini, N., Department of Biological Sciences, University of Swaziland, Private Bag 4, Kwaluseni, Swaziland; Eiseb, S.J., National Museum of Namibia, PO Box 1203, Windhoek, Namibia; Belmain, S.R., Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom; Mulungu, L.S., Pest Management Centre, Sokoine University of Agriculture, PO Box 3110, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania; Massawe, A.W., Pest Management Centre, Sokoine University of Agriculture, PO Box 3110, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania; Makundi, R.H., Pest Management Centre, Sokoine University of Agriculture, PO Box 3110, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania; Mohr, K., Natural History Museum of Denmark, Zoological Department, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Taylor, P.J., Department of Ecology and Resource Management, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa	Context Rodent pests can have severe impacts on crop production in sub-Saharan Africa. In particular, the multimammate mouse Mastomys natalensis severely damages agricultural crops in southern and eastern Africa, leading to significant losses. Both its population ecology and breeding biology have been studied in agricultural and natural habitats. Population numbers erupt depending on the timing and amount of rainfall and may reach plague proportions, especially in agricultural settings, where it may become a serious pest. However, the ecology of this species, in particular its interactions with other species within the context of human settlement, is poorly understood. It may occasionally enter houses, but the degree to which it does so and the factors influencing this movement are not known. Aims We investigated the relationship between Rattus spp. and M. natalensis entering buildings in an agro-ecological setting. We predicted that M. natalensis would enter houses more readily when food availability was lowest in the surrounding fields, and when the larger Rattus spp. were absent. Methods We followed 40 individuals of M. natalensis in Swaziland and Namibia by radio-telemetry. Mice were captured in maize fields within 50m of a homestead and fitted with radio-transmitters at three different times corresponding to different stages of crop development: pre-harvest, post-harvest and pre-planting. To corroborate the findings of the telemetry study, a non-toxic marker, rhodamine B, was mixed with standard bait and left at bait stations inside houses in 10 homesteads in Swaziland and Tanzania. Key results Mice remained in the fields during the entire period of study in Swaziland, but entered buildings in Namibia during the post-harvest stage, which may represent a period of food shortage for these mice in the field. Rodents captured after baiting with rhodamine B demonstrated that Rattus spp. predominated within the houses. A small number of rhodamine B-marked M. natalensis were captured outside the houses, the proportion declining with distance away from the houses. Conclusions These results suggest that in a typical rural African setting dominated by subsistence agriculture, Rattus spp. (when present) competitively exclude the smaller M. natalensis from entering houses. Implications Interactions between rodent pest species may be important in determining which rodent species enter houses in rural African landscapes. Consideration of such interactions may play an important role when developing pest management strategies. © 2011 CSIRO.	agricultural fields; houses; movement patterns	agricultural land; agroecology; bait; biological control; capture method; crop; crop production; environmental factor; food availability; habitat type; harvesting; human settlement; interspecific interaction; landscape; movement; pest species; population decline; population ecology; rainfall; reproductive biology; rodent; Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84861502765	The impact of agricultural innovation system interventions on rural livelihoods in Malawi	Mapila M.A.T.J., Kirsten J.F., Meyer F.	2012	Development Southern Africa	29	2	10.1080/0376835X.2012.675699	Department of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Bureau for Food and Agricultural Policy (BFAP), Department of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development, University of Pretoria, South Africa	Mapila, M.A.T.J., Department of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Kirsten, J.F., Department of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Meyer, F., Bureau for Food and Agricultural Policy (BFAP), Department of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development, University of Pretoria, South Africa	This study, conducted in central Malawi, assessed the way a research intervention using an agricultural innovation system affected rural livelihoods. Propensity score matching was used to establish one village as a control, against which the impact of the intervention on two study villages [0]could be measured. Using the Enabling Rural Innovation intervention as a case study, it was established that rural livelihood outcomes pertaining to crop and livestock production, household income, asset ownership and fertiliser use were significantly improved by this intervention. In-depth analysis, however, demonstrated that although the participating households had more robust livelihoods during the intervention, when the research programme was phased out the effect was reduced. The authors recommend that local agricultural extension officers should receive more capacity building and budgetary support to ensure proper understanding of agricultural innovation systems concepts and correct application so as to sustain their positive effects. © 2012 Copyright Development Bank of Southern Africa.	agricultural innovation systems; enabling rural innovation; impact evaluation; Malawi; rural livelihoods	capacity building; crop production; farming system; innovation; livestock farming; rural area; Malawi	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84905190325	Impact of farm management practices and agricultural land use on soil organic carbon storage potential in the Savannah Ecological zone of Northern Ghana	Boakye-Danquah J., Antwi E.K., Saito O., Abekoe M.K., Takeuchi K.	2014	Journal of Disaster Research	9	4	None	Department of Geography and Resource Development, University of Ghana, P.O.Box LG 59, Legon-Accra, Ghana; Integrated Research System for Sustainability Science (IR3S), University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan; Institute for Advanced Study of Sustainability, United Nations University, 5-53-70 Jingumae, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-8925, Japan; Department of Soil Science, University of Ghana, Box LG 245, Leon, Accra, Ghana	Boakye-Danquah, J., Department of Geography and Resource Development, University of Ghana, P.O.Box LG 59, Legon-Accra, Ghana; Antwi, E.K., Integrated Research System for Sustainability Science (IR3S), University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan; Saito, O., Institute for Advanced Study of Sustainability, United Nations University, 5-53-70 Jingumae, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-8925, Japan; Abekoe, M.K., Department of Soil Science, University of Ghana, Box LG 245, Leon, Accra, Ghana; Takeuchi, K., Integrated Research System for Sustainability Science (IR3S), University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan	In recent times, there has been increasing interest in the importance of agricultural soils as global carbon sinks, and the opportunity of enhancing the resilience of degraded agroecosystems - particularly in savannah regions of the world. However, this opportunity is largely a function of land use and/or land management choices, which differ between and within regions. In the present study, we investigated the role of agriculture land use and farm management practices on soil organic carbon (SOC) storage in the savannah regions of northern Ghana. We evaluated selected land use types by using an integrated approach, involving on-farm interviews, community transect walks, land use monitoring, and soil sampling. Our results indicated that, at the landscape level, community land use and resource needs are important determinants of SOC storage in farmlands. We determined low SOC accumulation across the investigated landscape; however, the relatively high SOC stock in protected lands compared with croplands implies the potential for increasing SOC build-up by using recommended management practices. Low incomes, constraints to fertilizer use, low biomass availability, and reductions in fallow periods remain as barriers to SOC buildup. In this context, global soil carbon storage potential and smallholder food production systems will benefit from an ecosystembased adaptation strategy that prioritizes building a portfolio of carbon stores at the landscape level.	Agricultural land use; Farm management practices; Northern ghana; Soil organic carbon	Carbon; Cultivation; Ecosystems; Land use; Soils; Adaptation strategies; Agricultural land use; Farm management; Food production systems; Management practices; Northern ghana; Soil organic carbon; Soil organic carbon storages; Farms	None
None	None	Collective action initiatives to improve marketing performance: Lessons from farmer groups in Tanzania	Barham J., Chitemi C.	2009	Food Policy	34	1	10.1016/j.foodpol.2008.10.002	Department of Agriculture, Marketing Services Branch, Washington, DC, United States; Faida Market Link Company Limited, Arusha, Tanzania	Barham, J., Department of Agriculture, Marketing Services Branch, Washington, DC, United States; Chitemi, C., Faida Market Link Company Limited, Arusha, Tanzania	This study aims to examine the extent to which certain characteristics and asset endowments of smallholder farmer groups facilitate collective action initiatives to improve group marketing performance. This is approached through an evaluation of a government-led programme in Tanzania, which is attempting to increase smallholder farmers' incomes and food security through a market-oriented intervention. Findings suggest that more mature groups with strong internal institutions, functioning group activities, and a good asset base of natural capital are more likely to improve their market situation. Gender composition of groups also affects group marketing performance, as an enabling factor for male-dominated groups. Structural social capital in the form of membership in other groups and ties to external service providers, and cognitive social capital in the form of intra-group trust and altruistic behaviour are not significant factors in a group's ability to improve its market situation.	Agricultural marketing; Collective action; Farmer groups; Planned change initiatives; Social capital; Tanzania	collective action; farming system; food market; institutional framework; marketing; performance assessment; smallholder; social capital; state role; Africa; East Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Tanzania	None
None	None	The flower industry in Tanzania: Production performance and costs	Msogoya T.J., Maerere A.P.	2006	Journal of Agronomy	5	3	10.3923/ja.2006.478.481	Lordship Science Centre, Writtle College, Chelmsford Essex, CM1 3RR, United Kingdom; Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3005, Morogoro, Tanzania	Msogoya, T.J., Lordship Science Centre, Writtle College, Chelmsford Essex, CM1 3RR, United Kingdom; Maerere, A.P., Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3005, Morogoro, Tanzania	A survey was conducted to assess production levels, costs, marketing and policy regulations affecting the flower industry in Tanzania. Results indicated that rose and chrysanthemum were the main ornamental crops produced for export with yield of 908 and 145.6 million flower stems and shoot cuttings per year in 2003, respectively. The surface areas under rose and chrysanthemum cultivation increased by 328.9 and 658.3% and the corresponding production by 316.84 and 666.33% between 1997 and 2003, respectively. Greenhouse construction accounted for 50% while purchase of land and rose planting materials represented 17.7 and 12.3% of the total investment cost, respectively. Interest on loans and freight charges accounted for 19 and 16.0% of the total operational cost, respectively. All chrysanthemum shoot cuttings were directly exported to The Netherlands whereas 90% of total rose flowers were exported to Europe through European middlemen with a marketing commission of 18-30% of sales and 52% of total operational cost. The average selling prices of rose and chrysanthemum were 0.23 and 0.11 US$ per flower stem and shoot tip cutting, respectively. Foreign growers appreciated the provision of tax exemption of five years but considered the National Agricultural Policy of 1997 being too general and not favourable to the flower industry. © 2006 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Agricultural policy; Marketing; Production costs; Tanzania flower industry	Chrysanthemum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84856885740	Impact of conflict on agricultural production in the Niger-Delta: Evidence from Cross River State, Nigeria	Ofem N.I., Ndifon H.M., Angba A.O., Effiong J.B., Akinmosin O.C.	2012	Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment	10	1	None	Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Calabar, P. M. B. 1115, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria	Ofem, N.I., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Calabar, P. M. B. 1115, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria; Ndifon, H.M., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Calabar, P. M. B. 1115, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria; Angba, A.O., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Calabar, P. M. B. 1115, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria; Effiong, J.B., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Calabar, P. M. B. 1115, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria; Akinmosin, O.C., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Calabar, P. M. B. 1115, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria	The study determined the impact of conflicts on agricultural production in the Niger Delta of Nigeria with specific evidence from Cross River State. The state was purposively selected because of its high rate of communal conflict. A multi-staged sampling procedure was employed and respondents were randomly sampled from two different communities where conflicts have occurred over time. A total of 60 respondents were used for the study. Data were collected from respondents using personal interviews, with the aid of structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics as well as inferential statistics (ordered probit regression) were used to analyze data. Results from the descriptive analysis revealed that a greater percentage of the respondents (63.33%) were farmers, 41.67% were youths between the ages of 21 and 40 years, majority (56.67%) had low educational attainments and there was a high level of unemployment (90%) in the area, while 25 percent of the respondents earned as low as N30,000 or less per-annum. The results of the hypotheses tested revealed that there is a significant relationship between conflicts and respondents' socio-economic characteristics such as age, occupation, marital status, family size, education and employment status while gender, income and infrastructure were not significant. The result also showed a significant but negative relationship between agricultural GDP and conflict. Therefore, the study noted that strategies and programmes aimed at addressing the socio-economic needs of the people and investments in agriculture were required to stem the spate of conflicts in the Niger-Delta region of Nigeria.	Agricultural production; Clashes; Communal; Conflict; Impact; Niger-delta; Probit; Regression; Violence	adult; age; agricultural worker; article; community dynamics; conflict; crop production; educational status; family size; female; human; interview; male; marriage; Nigeria; occupation; social status; structured questionnaire; unemployment	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33744486604	Environmental impact of agricultural production practices in the savannas of northern Nigeria	Chianu J.N., Tsujii H., Awange J.	2006	Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment	4	2	None	TSBF-CIAT, c/o World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), UN Avenue, Gigiri, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Bioproduction Science, Faculty of Bioresources, Ishikwa Prefectural University, 1-308 Suematsu, Nonoichicho, Ishikawagun, Ishikawa, 921-8836, Japan; School of Environment and Earth Sciences, Maseno University, P.M.B., Maseno, Kenya	Chianu, J.N., TSBF-CIAT, c/o World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), UN Avenue, Gigiri, Nairobi, Kenya; Tsujii, H., Department of Bioproduction Science, Faculty of Bioresources, Ishikwa Prefectural University, 1-308 Suematsu, Nonoichicho, Ishikawagun, Ishikawa, 921-8836, Japan; Awange, J., School of Environment and Earth Sciences, Maseno University, P.M.B., Maseno, Kenya	The study highlights the salient agricultural production practices that impact on the environment in the savannas of northern Nigeria. Due to population pressure on land and the need to maintain household food supplies farmers have increased their land-use intensity and natural resources extraction practices that degrade the environment. Some agricultural production practices were, however, found to be environmental friendly. The study recommends remedial measures that have to be taken to avert agricultural production practices that predispose farmers to practices and extractive activities that undermine the environment.	Agricultural production practices; Environmental impact; Land-use intensity; Nigeria; Savannas	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349682290	Impact assessment of macroeconomic policies on the supply of non-traditional export crops in Nigeria	Oni T.O.	2009	Quarterly Journal of International Agriculture	48	3	None	Nigerian Institute of Social, Economic Research (NISER), Department of Agricultural and Rural Development, PMB 5, U.I.P. O., Ibadan, Nigeria	Oni, T.O., Nigerian Institute of Social, Economic Research (NISER), Department of Agricultural and Rural Development, PMB 5, U.I.P. O., Ibadan, Nigeria	Nigeria's agricultural export has expanded to include non-traditional products. However, the country is now over-dependent on petroleum exports. It has, therefore, become necessary to diversify the sources of its foreign exchange earnings. In this connection, impact of some macroeconomic policy instruments on the supply of cassava and ginger was examined. Time series secondary data were used. The data included outputs of cassava and ginger. The policy variables included real exchange rate and interest rate. Data were analyzed using simultaneous equations regression model. Capital expenditure on agriculture had significant effect on ginger with coefficient of 0.03 at p<0.05. Interest rates on agricultural loans, with coefficient of - 0.07, have significant effect on ginger supply at p<0.05. Real exchange rate with coefficient of 0.92 had significant effect on cassava supply at p < 0.05. Policy strategies to expand supply of non-traditional products include improved market linkages and maintaining stable macroeconomic policy environment.	Agricultural products; Impact; Macroeconomic policy indicators; Simultaneous equations model; Supply	agricultural trade; capital; crop production; exchange rate; export; interest rate; macroeconomics; regression analysis; Africa; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Manihot esculenta; Zingiber officinale	None
WoS	WOS:000293559000026	Overview of Impact Assessment Methodologies	Anandajayasekeram, P,Anandajayasekeram, P.,Babu, S,Babu, S.,Keswani, CL,Liebenberg, F,Rukuni, M	2007	IMPACT OF SCIENCE ON AFRICAN AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY	None	None	None	International Food Policy Research Institute, International Livestock Research Institute, Capac Strengthening Unit CaSt	"Babu, S.: International Food Policy Research Institute",	The ultimate interest of investors in agricultural research and development (R&amp;D) is the extent to which their investment eventually bears a positive outcome on the lives of the poor and hungry people of developing nations without seriously harming the natural resource base. Consequently, most donors, governments and financiers of agricultural and natural resource research focus on outcome and impact assessment as a major step in their strategy. In impact assessment of R&amp;D investments, one needs to differentiate between the research results and the contribution of research to development (i.e. the people-level impact). Moreover, both of these aspects should be addressed simultaneously. This chapter summarizes the various methods and techniques used in R&amp;D using a comprehensive framework that addresses intermediate product, direct product and people-level impact simultaneously. Owing to the wide-ranging implications of agricultural research results to society, no single technique or method is sufficient to adequately address the impact. However, there is consensus that the most appropriate approaches to impact assessment should involve a mixture of both qualitative and quantitative methods and active participation of the beneficiaries. Case studies are also essential for further refining the approaches and lessons learned. The chapter concludes by outlining suggested best practices in understanding impact assessment of agricultural R&amp;D investments.	,AGRICULTURAL-RESEARCH	None	None
None	None	Does a cassava research-for-development program have impact at the farm level? Evidence from the Democratic Republic of Congo	Rusike J., Mahungu N.M., Lukombo S.S., Kendenga T., Bidiaka S.M., Alene A., Lema A., Manyong V.M.	2014	Food Policy	46	None	10.1016/j.foodpol.2014.03.012	International Institute of Tropical Agriculture-Tanzania, PO Box 34441, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; IITA-Democratic Republic of Congo Avenue des Cliniques 13, Batiment INERA Commune de la GombeKinshasa, Congo; IITA, Chitedze Research Station, PO Box 30258, Lilongwe 3, Malawi; Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Kinshasa, BP117, Kinshasa 11, Congo	Rusike, J., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture-Tanzania, PO Box 34441, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Mahungu, N.M., IITA-Democratic Republic of Congo Avenue des Cliniques 13, Batiment INERA Commune de la GombeKinshasa, Congo; Lukombo, S.S., IITA-Democratic Republic of Congo Avenue des Cliniques 13, Batiment INERA Commune de la GombeKinshasa, Congo; Kendenga, T., IITA-Democratic Republic of Congo Avenue des Cliniques 13, Batiment INERA Commune de la GombeKinshasa, Congo; Bidiaka, S.M., IITA-Democratic Republic of Congo Avenue des Cliniques 13, Batiment INERA Commune de la GombeKinshasa, Congo; Alene, A., IITA, Chitedze Research Station, PO Box 30258, Lilongwe 3, Malawi; Lema, A., Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Kinshasa, BP117, Kinshasa 11, Congo; Manyong, V.M., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture-Tanzania, PO Box 34441, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	This paper evaluates the impact of a cassava research-for-development program on farm level outcomes. The program was implemented in the Democratic Republic of Congo from 2001 to 2009. We apply propensity score matching, Rosenbaum bounds on treatment effects, Altonji et al. method of selection on observables and unobservables and endogenous switching regression to farm survey data collected during the 2009 cropping season. We use these methods to test whether the R4D program has a statistically significant effect on outcomes of interest and if these are not driven by selection on unobservables. Using propensity score matching, we find statistically significant positive effects on household participation in cassava markets, adoption of improved varieties and crop management practices and household food adequacy; and no statistically significant effects on yields and profits. The results show that bias due to selection on unobservables is not severe enough to invalidate the impact estimates. Bias may still be a problem that is present in the analysis. But there is evidence that it is not substantial. Although the program does not have a statistically significant positive effect on yields and profits, the significant program effects on market participation, variety adoption, and food adequacy merit further promotion of the program since these positive outcomes tend to be pre-conditions for realizing long-term yield and profit benefits. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.	Agricultural research-for-development; Cassava; Democratic Republic of Congo; Selection bias; Treatment effects	agricultural research; cassava; crop yield; research and development; Democratic Republic Congo	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33947158614	Targeting agricultural research based on potential impacts on poverty reduction: Strategic program priorities by agro-ecological zone in Nigeria	Alene A.D., Manyong V.M., Tollens E.F., Abele S.	2007	Food Policy	32	3	10.1016/j.foodpol.2006.07.004	International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria; IITA-Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; IITA-Kampala, Uganda	Alene, A.D., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria; Manyong, V.M., IITA-Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Tollens, E.F., Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Abele, S., IITA-Kampala, Uganda	Growing concern for poverty in the face of declining agricultural research budgets has increasingly required formal priority setting of public agricultural research in developing countries to ensure that scarce research resources are allocated in ways that will have the greatest impact on the poor. This paper assessed the potential impacts of alternative commodity research programs on poverty reduction in three agro-ecological zones of Nigeria and identified strategic agricultural research priorities in the three zones. The paper discusses the poverty reduction-based priorities and their role in facilitating dialogue between research managers and policymakers aimed at sharpening the focus of agricultural research to achieve poverty reduction objectives in Nigeria. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Agricultural research; Nigeria; Poverty reduction; Priority setting	agricultural development; agricultural research; developing world; poverty alleviation; research program; Africa; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84905509530	Glyphosate-based herbicides on weeds management and maize performance under conservation agriculture practices in eastern Kenya	Micheni A., Mburu D., Kanampiu F., Mugai N., Kihanda F.	2014	International Journal of Agricultural Resources, Governance and Ecology	10	3	10.1504/IJARGE.2014.064001	Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 27-60100, Embu, Kenya; Faculty of Agriculture, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya; International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre, P.O. Box 1041-00621, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Horticulture, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya	Micheni, A., Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 27-60100, Embu, Kenya; Mburu, D., Faculty of Agriculture, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya; Kanampiu, F., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre, P.O. Box 1041-00621, Nairobi, Kenya; Mugai, N., Department of Horticulture, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya; Kihanda, F., Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 27-60100, Embu, Kenya	A three-season research study was conducted at Embu Agricultural Research Station farm to determine the effect of glyphosate-based herbicides on weeds management and maize (Zea mays L.) performance under zero-tillage conservation agriculture practice. Glyphosate herbicide sprays were prepared from Roundup Turbo product at the rate of 2.5 L ha-1 and Roundup Weathermax at 1.5, 2.5 and 3.0 L ha-1 rates. Significant (p ≤ 0.05) differences in weeds management were observed under the tested rate of Roundup Turbo compared to un-weeded control plots. The average grain yield from conventionally tilled plots was 3.6 t ha-1. This did not differ significantly from those of herbicide-managed plots. Low-grain yield (0.1 t ha-1) was observed from un-weeded plots compared to those from zero-tilled plots that had also exhibited significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher net-benefits. The study concluded that the application of herbicides improves weeds control and maize performance. Copyright © 2014 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.	Agricultural resources; Conventional tillage; Glyphosate herbicide; Maize performance; Net-benefits; Weed control; Zero tillage	None	None
None	None	The Impact of Income and Non-Income Shocks on Child Labor: Evidence from a Panel Survey of Tanzania	Bandara A., Dehejia R., Lavie-Rouse S.	2015	World Development	67	None	10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.10.019	United Nations Development Programme, Dar-Es-Salaam, Tanzania; New York University, United States; Analysis Group Inc, Boston, United States	Bandara, A., United Nations Development Programme, Dar-Es-Salaam, Tanzania; Dehejia, R., New York University, United States; Lavie-Rouse, S., Analysis Group Inc, Boston, United States	This paper investigates the impact of income and non-income shocks on child labor using a model in which the household maximizes utility from consumption as well as human capital development of the child. We also investigate if access to credit and household assets act as buffers against transitory shocks. Our results indicate significant effects of agricultural shocks on the child's overall work hours and agricultural work hours, with higher effects for boys. Crop shocks also have significant adverse effects on school attendance, with girls experiencing a more-than 70% increase in the probability of quitting schooling. The results also indicate that access to a bank account has a buffering effect on the impact of shocks on child hunger. Having a bank account reduces both male child labor and household work hours of a girl child. While assets reduce working hours of girls, we do not find it having a significant effect on boys. We also do not see assets to act as a buffer against shocks. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.	Agricultural shocks; Buffer stocks; Child labor; Consumption smoothing	agricultural worker; banking; child labor; human capital; income; panel data; Tanzania	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79951546609	Environmental impact assessment, land degradation and remediation in Nigeria: Current problems and implications for future global change in agricultural and mining areas	Chukwuma Sr. C.	2011	International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology	18	1	10.1080/13504509.2011.543837	Chrysanthus Centre for Future-Oriented Studies, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria	Chukwuma Sr., C., Chrysanthus Centre for Future-Oriented Studies, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria	Natural and anthropogenic processes and products of mining affect quality of life in highly mineralised areas, such as the derelict Enyigba-Abakaliki agriculture-oriented lead-zinc mining area, which has degradation of land and groundwater resources. This study establishes that Nigeria and other developing nations should maximise the benefits and mitigate the negative impacts of adverse natural and mining activities so as to achieve poverty alleviation. Baseline data on the economic, fiscal, social, land and flora, as well as environmental impacts and plans were designed to take into consideration the ways and means for mine closure and remediation to reduce health, environmental, socio-cultural risks and to assess costs. Certain cultivated and wild plant species are suggested as heavy metal indicators for environmental monitoring. The findings show that communities need leadership, partnerships, sharing of experiences and support from all government levels to preserve land and groundwater resources. We must adopt broader policies in a coordinated fashion so as to cope with interrelated environmental and developmental problems, irrespective of the expansive uncertainty regarding the nature of these problems, particularly with respect to economically doubtful mining operations that can degrade our agricultural soils. © 2011 Taylor & Francis.	agricultural soils; developing countries; environmental impacts; land degradation; mining areas; remediation	agricultural land; cultivation; developing world; economic analysis; environmental impact assessment; environmental monitoring; groundwater resource; heavy metal; land degradation; land management; mineralization; mining; plant community; poverty alleviation; risk assessment; state role; uncertainty analysis; wild population; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84894103859	Evaluation of organic mulch on the growth and yield of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) in a Southern Guinea Savannah of Nigeria	Ahmed M., Baiyeri K.P., Echezona B.C.	2014	Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences	24	1	None	Department of Crop Production, College of Agriculture, Mokwa, Niger state, Nigeria; Department of Crop Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Ahmed, M., Department of Crop Production, College of Agriculture, Mokwa, Niger state, Nigeria; Baiyeri, K.P., Department of Crop Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Echezona, B.C., Department of Crop Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Sustainability in crop production could be achieved using agricultural wastes which litter the environment to ameliorate crop soils. The effect of organic mulches on the growth and yield of two sugar cane varieties (NCS 008 and Bida local) was therefore evaluated during 2010 (plant crop) and 2011 (ratoon crop) at Badeggi (9° 03′N, 06° 09′E; altitude 89 m a.s.l.) Nigeria. Mulch materials (rice husk and groundnut shell) were each applied at the rates of 0, 20 and 40 tonnes ha-1 in a factorial experiment laid out in a randomised complete block design (RCBD), with three replications. The variety NCS 008 produced significantly (p&lt;0.05) higher number of tillers, stalk length, yield and chewable stalks in both the regular and ratoon crops relative to the local. The establishment count of NCS 008 was higher compared to Bida local (73% vs. 38%) in the ratoon and vice versa in the plant crop. Mulching with groundnut shell produced significantly (p&lt;0.05) higher establishment count and stalk lengths compared to rice husk mulch for the ratoon crops, but did not differ appreciably in the main (plant) crop. Irrespective of the cropping system, stalk girth, tiller count, chewable stalks and yield were significantly (p &lt; 0.05) higher with groundnut shell compared with rice husk mulch. Aside from establishment count, which had an inverse relationship with mulching rate in the plant crop, all the other traits assessed had a direct relationship with mulching rate in the two systems. The interaction effect of variety x organic mulch x organic mulch rate were also significant (p&lt;0.05) for both the plant and ratoon crops on most of the parameter considered.	Agricultural waste; Chewing and industrial cane; Cropping system; Regular and ratoon crops	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884684641	Effect of insulating materials on performance of a solar heater	Aremu A.K., Akinoso R.	2013	Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences	8	2	10.3923/jeasci.2013.64.68	Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Aremu, A.K., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Akinoso, R., Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Insulator influences performance efficiency of the solar heater. In order to reduce the cost of solar device, it is advisable to use as local insulating material. Some agricultural wastes are abundant and causing environmental nuisance in Nigeria. This research focussed on use of some agricultural waste as insulator in box-type solar device. A box-type solar heater was developed. Dried insulating materials (maize cob, air, maize husk, coconut coir and polyurethane foam) were used to fill the space between the inner and outer boxes in such a way that there was an 80 mm thickness of insulating materials all around between the inner box and the outer box. The space housing the insulating materials was sealed with four pieces of plywood noggins. Heat retention and water abilities of the solar device were tested for period of 3 years. Peak stagnation temperatures for 1st to 3rd year were 159, 140 and 138°C, respectively. These were obtained using coconut coir (1st and 2nd year) and polyurethane foam (3rd year). During the dry season, shortest duration taken to heat 1 and 1.5 L of water was 50 and 65 min, respectively in coconut coir insulated device. Time required to boil 1 L of water in wet season ranged from 120-170 min. Comparatively the orders of performance were coconut coir, polyurethane foam, maize cob, maize husk and air. The evidence from performance evaluation indicates that agricultural by-products like maize husk, maize cob and coconut coir can perform as solar device insulator. © Medwell Journals, 2013.	Agricultural waste; Heating; Insulator; Nigeria; Solar device	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-32544441478	Sparing land for nature: Exploring the potential impact of changes in agricultural yield on the area needed for crop production	Balmford A., Green R.E., Scharlemann J.P.W.	2005	Global Change Biology	11	10	10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.001035.x	Conservation Biology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom; Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, Department of Zoology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire SG19 2DL, United Kingdom; Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, United Kingdom	Balmford, A., Conservation Biology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom, Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, Department of Zoology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Green, R.E., Conservation Biology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire SG19 2DL, United Kingdom; Scharlemann, J.P.W., Conservation Biology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire SG19 2DL, United Kingdom, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, United Kingdom	How can rapidly growing food demands be met with least adverse impact on nature? Two very different sorts of suggestions predominate in the literature: Wildlife-friendly farming, whereby on-farm practices are made as benign to wildlife as possible (at the potential cost of decreasing yields); and land-sparing, in which farm yields are increased and pressure to convert land for agriculture thereby reduced (at the potential cost of decreasing wildlife populations on farmland). This paper is about one important aspect of the land-sparing idea - the sensitivity of future requirements for cropland to plausible variation in yield increases, relative to other variables. Focusing on the 23 most energetically important food crops, we use data from the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) and the United Nations Population Division (UNPD) to project plausible values for 2050 for population size, diet, yield, and trade, and then look at their effect on the area needed to meet demand for the 23 crops, for the developing and developed worlds in turn. Our calculations suggest that across developing countries, the area under those crops will need to increase very considerably by 2050 (by 23% under intermediate projections), and that plausible variation in average yield has as much bearing on the extent of that expansion as does variation in population size or per capita consumption; future cropland area varies far less under foreseeable variation in the net import of food from the rest of the world. By contrast, cropland area in developed countries is likely to decrease slightly by 2050 (by 4% under intermediate projections for those 23 crops), and will be less sensitive to variation in population growth, diet, yield, or trade. Other contentious aspects of the land-sparing idea require further scrutiny, but these results confirm its potential significance and suggest that conservationists should be as concerned about future agricultural yields as they are about population growth and rising per capita consumption. © 2005 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.	Agricultural yield; Agriculture; Conservation; Crop production; Cropland; Diet; Farming; Human population; Land sparing; Trade	agricultural land; crop production; crop yield; food production; land management	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78149497773	Impact of prolonged rainy seasons on food crop production in Cameroon	Yengoh G.T., Tchuinte A., Armah F.A., Odoi J.O.	2010	Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change	15	8	10.1007/s11027-010-9241-2	Department of Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, Division of Physical Geography and Ecosystems Analysis, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden; National Service of Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Yaounde, Cameroon; Department of Environmental Science, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Nature Today, A 25 Standard Estates, Sakumono, Osu, P.O. Box OS 1455, Accra, Ghana	Yengoh, G.T., Department of Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, Division of Physical Geography and Ecosystems Analysis, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden; Tchuinte, A., National Service of Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Yaounde, Cameroon; Armah, F.A., Department of Environmental Science, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Odoi, J.O., Nature Today, A 25 Standard Estates, Sakumono, Osu, P.O. Box OS 1455, Accra, Ghana	This study set out to examine why agricultural production in differing agro-ecological zones of the same country responds differently to a common environmental event (an extension of the rainy season). We find that the heavy reliance of farmers in the drier agro-ecological zones on seasonal cycles make them more vulnerable to an extension of the rainy season than those in regions where rainfall is less relied on. Effects in these vulnerable regions include significant damage to crops as well as a shortage in local markets, which raises prices of basic food commodities. The difference between prices in low and high food producing periods is low for crops that can easily be preserved during rains (such as cassava at 58% from an average of 20% in previous years and yams at 82% from 65%). Crops that depend on sunshine for preservation experience greater differences between low and high periods (maize at 92% from an average of 31% in previous years, sorghum at 180% from 53%, and beans at 68% from 42%). In zones with a history of unreliable dry seasons, farmers are more adapted to coping with an extension of the rainy season and possess technology and skills which can be made available to others in vulnerable zones through inter-regional knowledge transfer of knowledge and skills. This study further reinforces the understanding that isolated climate shocks could be important in understanding and managing vulnerability. Also, vulnerability is quite variable even among communities in the same country, in which people practice the same economic activity and are exposed to the same shock. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Agriculture; Agro-ecological zones; Effects; Rainfall; Seasons; Small-scale farming	commodity; crop damage; crop production; ecological impact; economic analysis; farming system; legume; maize; market system; rainfall; season; sorghum; vulnerability; Cameroon; Manihot esculenta; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-55249101047	Impact of land use on the biodiversity integrity of the moist sub-biome of the grassland biome, South Africa	O'Connor T.G., Kuyler P.	2009	Journal of Environmental Management	90	1	10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.10.012	Centre for African Ecology, School of A.P.E.S., University of the Witwatersrand, P.O. WITS 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa; Centre for Environmental Management, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa	O'Connor, T.G., Centre for African Ecology, School of A.P.E.S., University of the Witwatersrand, P.O. WITS 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa; Kuyler, P., Centre for Environmental Management, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa	South Africa's moist grassland harbours globally significant biodiversity, supplies essential ecosystem services, supports crop and livestock agriculture, forestry and settlement, yet is poorly conserved. Ongoing transformation and limited opportunity for expanding the protected area network require instead that biodiversity conservation is 'mainstreamed' within other land uses. This exercise sought to identify the relative compatibility of 10 land uses (conservation, livestock or game ranching, tourism/recreation, rural settlement, dryland cropping, irrigated cropping, dairy farming, plantation forestry, and urban settlement) with maintaining biodiversity integrity. This was assessed using 46 indicators for biodiversity integrity that covered landscape composition, structure, and functioning. Data was integrated into a single measure per land use through application of the analytic hierarchy process, with supporting information gained from interviews with experts. The rank order of importance amongst indicators was landscape structure, functioning and composition. Consistent differences among land uses for all three categories revealed two clear groupings. Conservation, livestock or game ranching had the lowest impact and retained substantial natural asset, while that for tourism/recreation was intermediate. All other land uses had a severe impact. Impact on biodiversity integrity depended mainly on the extent of transformation and fragmentation, which accounted for the greatest impact on habitats and species, and impairment of landscape functioning. It is suggested that a strategic intervention for maintaining biodiversity integrity of moist grassland is to support livestock or game ranching and limit ongoing urban sprawl. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Agriculture; Analytic hierarchy process; Biodiversity indicator; Ecosystem functioning; Forestry; Landscape; Livestock	analytical hierarchy process; biodiversity; bioindicator; biome; ecological impact; ecosystem function; ecosystem service; grassland; land use; article; conservation biology; controlled study; cropping system; dairying; environmental impact; environmental protection; grassland; habitat fragmentation; irrigation (agriculture); land use; landscape ecology; livestock; nonhuman; plantation; recreation; residential area; rural area; South Africa; species diversity; tourism; urban area; Agriculture; Animals; Biodiversity; Birds; Climate; Conservation of Natural Resources; Crops, Agricultural; Ecosystem; Environment; Forestry; Insects; Mammals; Poaceae; Soil; South Africa; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84888030853	Financial crisis in asia: Its genesis, severity and impact on poverty and hunger	Imai K.S., Gaiha R., Thapa G., Annim S.K.	2013	Journal of International Development	25	8	10.1002/jid.2972	University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; University of Delhi, Delhi, India; IFAD, Rome, Italy; University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana	Imai, K.S., University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Gaiha, R., University of Delhi, Delhi, India; Thapa, G., IFAD, Rome, Italy; Annim, S.K., University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana	Building on the recent literature on finance, growth and hunger, we have examined the experience of Asian countries over the period 1960-2010 by dynamic and static panel data models. We have found evidence favouring a positive role of finance-defined as private credit by banks-on growth of GDP and agricultural value added. Private credit as well as loans from the World Bank significantly reduces undernourishment, whereas remittances and loans from microfinance institutions appear to have a negative impact on poverty. Our empirical evidence shows that growth performance was significantly lower during the recent global financial crisis than non-crisis periods, although the severity is much smaller during the recent financial crisis than Asian financial crisis. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Agriculture; Asia; Economic development; Finance; Inequality; Poverty	agriculture; credit provision; economic development; empirical analysis; financial crisis; Gross Domestic Product; hunger; lending behavior; panel data; poverty; Asia	ESRC, Economic and Social Research Council
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880424853	Exploring Teachers' Assessment Practices of Performance Tasks in Agriculture and Factors Influencing Their Choice	Masole T.M., Howie S.	2013	Journal of Agricultural and Food Information	14	3	10.1080/10496505.2013.803347	Botswana Examinations Council, Private Bag 0070, Gaborone, Botswana; Faculty of Education, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Masole, T.M., Botswana Examinations Council, Private Bag 0070, Gaborone, Botswana; Howie, S., Faculty of Education, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	The aim of the study was to explore processes employed in performance assessment in agriculture in Botswana schools. The study employed an exploratory survey design, in which 13 schools were purposively sampled from two regions. Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire and some were interviewed. Descriptive statistics (frequency counts, percentages, and means) were initially computed before inferential analysis (factor analysis, t-test, and ANOVA) was carried out. Qualitative data was analyzed through thick description. It was found that teachers' performance assessment was the same in the two regions, characterized by holistic assessment of the product. The emphasis on product assessment was largely due to insufficient training, large class sizes, high workloads, and insufficient time. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.	agriculture; assessment; Botswana; performance assessment; process assessment; product assessment	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78649428165	Exploring the impacts of field interactions on an integrated assessment of terraced crop systems in the Peruvian Andes	Claessens L., Stoorvogel J., Antle J.	2010	Journal of Land Use Science	5	4	10.1080/1747423X.2010.500687	CIP, Nairobi, Kenya; Land Dynamics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands; Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States	Claessens, L., CIP, Nairobi, Kenya; Stoorvogel, J., Land Dynamics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands; Antle, J., Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States	This study explores a modelling approach to investigate the interactions between terracing, water availability, and land use decisions and farmers' incomes in a study area in the Peruvian Andes. We tested the hypothesis that these interactions affect the simulated spatial distribution of impacts because of technology changes as well as aggregate impacts. To do this a model simulating water redistribution at the catchment scale is linked to a site-specific model of land use and management, using the trade-off analysis modelling system. The results indicate that the interactions do not affect the aggregate impacts but they do result in different spatial patterns of land use and farm income in the study area. The simulated effects of terraces on productivity are affected by the spatial patterns of terracing. These findings suggest that, although field-level interactions may average out in aggregate analysis, the effects they have on the spatial pattern of land use allocation and income may be relevant for analysis of environmental impact and equity studies in which the spatial distribution of effects is important. © 2010 Taylor & Francis.	Agriculture; Catchment hydrology; Integrated assessment; Peru; Trade-offs; Water availability	agricultural management; catchment; crop improvement; environmental impact; integrated approach; land use; simulation; spatial distribution; technological change; trade-off; water availability; Peru	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84934290452	Modeling impact of climate change on water resources and agriculture demand in the Volta Basin and other basin systems in Ghana	Amisigo B.A., McCluskey A., Swanson R.	2015	Sustainability (Switzerland)	7	6	10.3390/su7066957	CSIR-Water Research Institute, P.O. Box AH38, Achimota, Accra, Ghana; Engineering Management, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States; Civil Engineering, University of Colorado, 352 Summer Ave., Reading, MA, United States	Amisigo, B.A., CSIR-Water Research Institute, P.O. Box AH38, Achimota, Accra, Ghana; McCluskey, A., Engineering Management, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States; Swanson, R., Civil Engineering, University of Colorado, 352 Summer Ave., Reading, MA, United States	An assessment of the impacts of projected climate change on water availability and crop production in the Volta Basin and the southwestern and coastal basin systems of Ghana has been undertaken as a component of the impacts and adaptation study for Ghana by UNU-WIDER and the University of Ghana. Four climate change scenarios were considered in addition to a reference (no change) scenario-two dry and two wet scenarios. To conduct the analysis, a portion of a special framework using three water models was used; the framework is called the Strategic Analysis of Climate resilient Development (SACReD). First, the CliRun water balance model was used to simulate catchment runoffs using projected rainfall and temperature under the scenarios. Second, climate impacts on yields of the economically important Ghana crops were modeled using the AquaCrop software. Third, the Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) software was used for the water allocation modeling. The results show that all water demands (municipal, hydropower, and agriculture) cannot be simultaneously met currently, or under any of the scenarios used, including the wet scenarios. This calls for an evaluation of groundwater as an additional source of water supply and an integrated water resources management plan in the catchments to balance demand with supply and ensure sustainable socio-economic development. In addition, the AquaCrop model forecasts negative impacts for the crop yields studied, with some crops and regions seeing larger impacts than others. © 2015 by the authors.	Agriculture; Climate change; Ghana; Water resources	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78049515996	Positioning a research agenda on the social economy: The new capitalist expansion and its impact on worker conditions in a changing South African agricultural setting	Swart I., Orsmond E.	2010	International Journal of Social Economics	37	12	10.1108/03068291011082991	Huguenot College, University of Stellenbosch, Wellington, South Africa	Swart, I., Huguenot College, University of Stellenbosch, Wellington, South Africa; Orsmond, E., Huguenot College, University of Stellenbosch, Wellington, South Africa	Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore the theoretical and ideological foundations for a research agenda on the social economy in South Africa. Design/methodology/approach: The paper combines relevant literature research and case study work in a selected geographical region in the Western Cape province of South Africa to meet its research aim. Findings: The perspectives emanating from the case study research on the nature of the diversified forms of new capitalist expansion and entrepreneurial activity in the case study area and particularly the way in which the new developments impact on the working conditions of farm workers lead to the consolidation of the authors' option for a constructive research agenda in which the realities of new-found economic opportunity and prevailing conditions of exclusion are both negotiated. Research limitations/implications: From the point of view of an ongoing research agenda, further empirical and literature research will be required to deepen the understanding of the socio-economic dynamics in the case study area and in the process further refine the identified theoretical and ideological position. Originality/value: The paper contributes towards defining the theoretical and ideological foundations of a research agenda on the social economy in South Africa. As such, the way in which binary positions are avoided in positioning this research agenda in relation to the mainstream capitalist economic system can be considered as provocative. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Agriculture; Conditions of employment; Entrepreneurialism; Farms; Social economics; South Africa	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84860538042	Monetary valuation of salinity impacts and microbial pollution in the Olifants Water Management Area, South Africa	de Lange W.J., Mahumani B.K., Steyn M., Oelofse S.H.H.	2012	Water SA	38	2	10.4314/wsa.v38i2.9	CSIR, Natural Resources and the Environment, PO Box 320, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa; CSIR, Natural Resources and the Environment, PO Box 395, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa	de Lange, W.J., CSIR, Natural Resources and the Environment, PO Box 320, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa; Mahumani, B.K., CSIR, Natural Resources and the Environment, PO Box 320, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa; Steyn, M., CSIR, Natural Resources and the Environment, PO Box 320, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa; Oelofse, S.H.H., CSIR, Natural Resources and the Environment, PO Box 395, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa	This paper estimates costs associated with water pollution in the Olifants River Water Management Area (WMA) in South Africa, and, more specifically, the area represented by the Loskop Dam Water User Association. We focus on the impacts of salinisation on commercial irrigated agriculture, and of microbial pollution on the general population of the WMA, many of whom do not have access to municipal water and sanitation services, leaving them vulnerable to microbial pollution in the water resource. Costs associated with salinity are estimates based on the impacts of increased salinity on the value of marginal product of certain irrigated crops. Costs associated with microbial pollution are estimated based on the direct and indirect costs of human health impacts as a result of microbial pollution in the study area. These monetary value estimates give an indication of the magnitude of the cost of water pollution to society in the WMA. It is concluded that the once-off cost required to provide some pollution prevention infrastructure will be lower than the current annual cost burden of pollution on society in the WMA, and that pollution prevention is therefore cost effective.	Agriculture; Costs; Pollution prevention; Society; Water pollution	Annual cost; Cost effective; Dam water; Direct and indirect costs; General population; Human health impacts; Irrigated agriculture; Irrigated crops; Management areas; Microbial pollution; Monetary valuations; Monetary value; Municipal water; Pollution prevention; Salinisation; Sanitation services; Society; South Africa; Study areas; Agriculture; Cost estimating; Costs; Estimation; Oil spills; Pollution; Salinity measurement; Water management; Water pollution; Cost benefit analysis; cost-benefit analysis; environmental economics; irrigation system; microorganism; pollution control; river pollution; river water; salinity; salinization; sanitation; valuation; water resource; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84929832464	Driving factors-based approach for identifying performance indicators in sugarcane supply and processing systems	Sanjika T.M., Bezuidenhout C.N.	2015	British Food Journal	117	6	10.1108/BFJ-09-2014-0323	School of Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, South Africa	Sanjika, T.M., School of Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, South Africa; Bezuidenhout, C.N., School of Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, South Africa	Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop and demonstrate a driving factors-based approach for identifying and ranking performance indicators in integrated sugarcane supply and processing systems (ISSPSs) on an on-going basis. Design/methodology/approach – The research included a literature review, development of an approach, testing of the approach in four ISSPSs and checking the tests’ results for consistency with Southern Africa sugar industry benchmarks and external knowledge of the four ISSPSs. Findings – The research offers a systematic approach for identifying and ranking performance indicators based on existing driving factors in ISSPSs. Results obtained from the application of the approach in four ISSPSs are consistent with industry benchmarks and external knowledge of the ISSPSs. Research limitations/implications – The approach was tested in only four ISSPSs. It is recommended that the approach should be tested in other complex systems to further validate its effectiveness. It is further recommended that the approach should be systematically compared with existing approaches that are used for identifying and ranking performance indicators. Originality/value – This research is of academic value and of practical value to practitioners in ISSPSs. The research blends knowledge from network theory and cause-and-effect analysis to come up with a systematic approach for identifying and ranking performance indicators in ISSPSs on an on-going basis. Further, the approach identifies and ranks performance indicators as part of one data set. This approach has never, to the authors’ knowledge, been used in agro-industry before. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Agriculture; Decision making; Food processing industry; Performance indicators; Supply chain	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33646880433	Utilisation and impact of the Essential Electronic Agricultural Database (TEEAL) on library services in a Nigerian university of agriculture	Oduwole A.A., Sowole A.O.	2006	Program	40	2	10.1108/00330330610669271	University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Oduwole, A.A., University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Sowole, A.O., University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Purpose - This study examined the utilisation of the Essential Electronic Agricultural Library database (TEEAL) at the University of Agriculture Library, Abeokuta, Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach - Data collection was by questionnaire following a purposive sampling technique. A total of 104 out 150 (69.3 per cent) responses were received and analysed. Findings - Postgraduate and final year undergraduates are the major users of the TEEAL database. The study also revealed that though most of the users are computer literate, they still seek the assistance of library staff for database searching. The major constraints to the use of the TEEAL database include the high cost of printing of selected papers and the limited number of workstations. Practical implications - The study recommends that the number of workstations be increased, the cost of printouts should be subsidised by the university and more library staff should be trained in ICT. Originality/value - Offers recommendations to improve the accessibility of quality information for research in Nigerian universities. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Agriculture; Developing countries; Information retrieval; Nigeria; University libraries	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80053052278	Drivers and impacts of land-use change in the Maasai Steppe of northern Tanzania: An ecological, social and political analysis	Msoffe F.U., Kifugo S.C., Said M.Y., Neselle M.O., van Gardingen P., Reid R.S., Ogutu J.O., Herero M., de Leeuw J.	2011	Journal of Land Use Science	6	4	10.1080/1747423X.2010.511682	International Livestock Research Institute, Theme: People, Livestock and Environment, Nairobi, Kenya; Centre for the Study of Environmental Change and Sustainability, School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom; Simanjiro, Maasai Steppe, C\o ILRI, PLE, Nairobi, Kenya; Centre for Collaborative Conservation, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States	Msoffe, F.U., International Livestock Research Institute, Theme: People, Livestock and Environment, Nairobi, Kenya, Centre for the Study of Environmental Change and Sustainability, School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom; Kifugo, S.C., International Livestock Research Institute, Theme: People, Livestock and Environment, Nairobi, Kenya; Said, M.Y., International Livestock Research Institute, Theme: People, Livestock and Environment, Nairobi, Kenya; Neselle, M.O., Simanjiro, Maasai Steppe, C\o ILRI, PLE, Nairobi, Kenya; van Gardingen, P., Centre for the Study of Environmental Change and Sustainability, School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom; Reid, R.S., Centre for Collaborative Conservation, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States; Ogutu, J.O., International Livestock Research Institute, Theme: People, Livestock and Environment, Nairobi, Kenya; Herero, M., International Livestock Research Institute, Theme: People, Livestock and Environment, Nairobi, Kenya; de Leeuw, J., International Livestock Research Institute, Theme: People, Livestock and Environment, Nairobi, Kenya	In this article, we discuss the drivers, causes, and impacts of land-use change in the Maasai Steppe of northern Tanzania. Remote sensing data were used to analyze land-use change, and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) was used to link-up with wildlife population dynamics and livestock distribution data derived from aerial censuses. Agriculture increased fivefold between 1984 and 2000, while human population increased exponentially from 3.3% p.a. in 1988 to 3.4% p.a. in the same period. Wildlife migratory routes declined from nine in 1964 to five in 2000, out of which three were seriously threatened with blockage by the extensive cultivation. Recurrent droughts and diseases have contributed to the declining livestock economy over the years due to livestock loss and the unpredictable and erratic rainfall has limited their recovery. To reverse the on-going trends in land use, proper land-use plans should be instituted in parallel with community-based wildlife ventures to maintain long-term ecosystem viability. © 2011 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.	agriculture; drivers of change; land-use change; landscape fragmentation; semi-arid environment; spatial analysis	GIS; habitat fragmentation; land use change; land use planning; livestock farming; population decline; population dynamics; semiarid region; spatial analysis; steppe; wildlife management; Tanzania	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77954037660	Health and environmental impacts of pesticide use practices: A case study of farmers in Ekiti State, Nigeria	Oluwole O., Cheke R.A.	2009	International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability	7	3	10.3763/ijas.2009.0431	Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich at Medway, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom; University of Ibadan, c/o Adekunle Odola, U.I. PO Box 22203, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria	Oluwole, O., Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich at Medway, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom, University of Ibadan, c/o Adekunle Odola, U.I. PO Box 22203, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Cheke, R.A., Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich at Medway, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom	Commonly used pesticides and handling practices which might expose farmers and their environment to chemical hazards were investigated in the Irepodun/Ifelodun local government area of Ekiti State, Nigeria. Direct field observations and answers to a structured questionnaire from a random sample of 150 farming households showed that commonly used pesticides comprised herbicides (48.3 per cent), fungicides (28.2 per cent) and insecticides (23.5 per cent). Of these, 86.7 per cent are classified as 'highly' hazardous by the World Health Organization (WHO) and have been banned or restricted in many developed countries. Nearly all of the farmers (94.7 per cent) had received no formal training in safe pesticide use and mixed different products. Farmers suffered from discomforts ranging from eye irritation (91.3 per cent), skin problems (87.3 per cent), nausea (86.0 per cent), headache (83.3 per cent) and vomiting (58.0 per cent). More than half of the pesticide applicators (61.3 per cent) sprayed pesticides near water bodies. Only a few farmers reported decreasing trends in numbers of beneficial insects (27.3 per cent) and other animals (29.3 per cent). The results showed that the awareness of farmers and authorities needs to be raised regarding the use of protective equipment and correct procedures when handling pesticides and, also, that there should be stricter enforcement of existing pesticide regulation and monitoring policies to minimize the threats that the farmers' current practices pose to their health and to the environment. © 2009 Earthscan.	Agriculture; Environment; Health; Nigeria; Pesticides; Safety	Animalia; Hexapoda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84921477348	Leveraging agriculture for nutrition impact through the feed the future initiative	Du L., Pinga V., Klein A., Danton H.	2015	Advances in Food and Nutrition Research	74	None	10.1016/bs.afnr.2014.11.001	Strengthening Partnerships Results and Innovations in Nutrition Globally, The SPRING project/Helen Keller International, Nigeria; SPRING/Save the Children, United States; SPRING/JSI Research and Training Institute Inc., Nigeria	Du, L., Strengthening Partnerships Results and Innovations in Nutrition Globally, The SPRING project/Helen Keller International, Nigeria; Pinga, V., SPRING/Save the Children, United States; Klein, A., SPRING/JSI Research and Training Institute Inc., Nigeria; Danton, H., SPRING/JSI Research and Training Institute Inc., Nigeria	Nutrition is a multisectoral problem; current state of empirical evidence for agricultural interventions' impacts on nutrition is weak. In the past 10 years, both agriculture and nutrition have risen on the global policy agenda. Several recent international movements have created great momentum for nutrition among global political leaders and policymakers. The 2008 world food price crisis prompted larger investment pledges to agricultural development.The U.S. Government launched the Feed the Future initiative in 2009 to address global hunger and food security, with a primary goal to reduce poverty and undernutrition by simultaneously promoting inclusive agriculture sector growth and improved nutritional status for women and children. With operations in 19 focus countries, Feed the Future provides an important laboratory of learning where efforts can be effective and, once proven, taken to scale to make agriculture work for nutrition.The Strengthening Partnerships, Results, and Innovations in Nutrition Globally (SPRING) project has been conducting a series of research on the Feed the Future initiative. This chapter will first provide a review of the nutrition narrative in relation to food and nutrition, introduce the current understanding of linkages between agriculture and nutrition and the Feed the Future initiative's efforts to strengthen the nutritional impact of agricultural and economic growth activities, and describe an extensive review of how the design and early implementation of Feed the Future activities linked agriculture and nutrition. Finally, the chapter presents an updated framework that incorporates ways to improve nutrition outcomes of agricultural programming in the broader context of food system. © 2015 Elsevier Inc.	Agriculture; Feed the Future; Food systems; Landscape analysis; Nutrition; Pathways; SPRING; USAID	agriculture; animal; diet; environment; environmental protection; female; food; food handling; food preservation; gender identity; human; infant; male; malnutrition; mortality; newborn; nutrition; nutritional value; preschool child; Agriculture; Animals; Child, Preschool; Conservation of Natural Resources; Diet; Environment; Female; Food; Food Handling; Food Preservation; Gender Identity; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Malnutrition; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Nutritive Value; Women	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930003905	Shamba Maisha: Pilot agricultural intervention for food security and HIV health outcomes in Kenya: design, methods, baseline results and process evaluation of a cluster-randomized controlled trial	Cohen C.R., Steinfeld R.L., Weke E., Bukusi E.A., Hatcher A.M., Shiboski S., Rheingans R., Scow K.M., Butler L.M., Otieno P., Dworkin S.L., Weiser S.D.	2015	SpringerPlus	4	1	10.1186/s40064-015-0886-x	Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 550 16th Street, San Francisco, CA, United States; Departments of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Departments of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Center of Expertise in Women’s Health & Empowerment, University of California Global Health Institute, San Francisco, CA, United States; Centre for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Centre for Clinical Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Environmental and Global Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Department of Soil Science and Soil Microbial Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States	Cohen, C.R., Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 550 16th Street, San Francisco, CA, United States, Center of Expertise in Women’s Health & Empowerment, University of California Global Health Institute, San Francisco, CA, United States; Steinfeld, R.L., Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 550 16th Street, San Francisco, CA, United States; Weke, E., Centre for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Bukusi, E.A., Centre for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Hatcher, A.M., Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 550 16th Street, San Francisco, CA, United States, Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Shiboski, S., Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Rheingans, R., Department of Environmental and Global Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Scow, K.M., Department of Soil Science and Soil Microbial Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States; Butler, L.M., Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Otieno, P., Centre for Clinical Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Dworkin, S.L., Departments of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States, Center of Expertise in Women’s Health & Empowerment, University of California Global Health Institute, San Francisco, CA, United States; Weiser, S.D., Departments of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States, Center of Expertise in Women’s Health & Empowerment, University of California Global Health Institute, San Francisco, CA, United States	Background: Despite advances in treatment of people living with HIV, morbidity and mortality remains unacceptably high in sub-Saharan Africa, largely due to parallel epidemics of poverty and food insecurity. Methods/Design: We conducted a pilot cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) of a multisectoral agricultural and microfinance intervention (entitled Shamba Maisha) designed to improve food security, household wealth, HIV clinical outcomes and women’s empowerment. The intervention was carried out at two HIV clinics in Kenya, one randomized to the intervention arm and one to the control arm. HIV-infected patients >18 years, on antiretroviral therapy, with moderate/severe food insecurity and/or body mass index (BMI) <18.5, and access to land and surface water were eligible for enrollment. The intervention included: 1) a microfinance loan (~$150) to purchase the farming commodities, 2) a micro-irrigation pump, seeds, and fertilizer, and 3) trainings in sustainable agricultural practices and financial literacy. Enrollment of 140 participants took four months, and the screening-to-enrollment ratio was similar between arms. We followed participants for 12 months and conducted structured questionnaires. We also conducted a process evaluation with participants and stakeholders 3–5 months after study start and at study end. Discussion: Baseline results revealed that participants at the two sites were similar in age, gender and marital status. A greater proportion of participants at the intervention site had a low BMI in comparison to participants at the control site (18% vs. 7%, p = 0.054). While median CD4 count was similar between arms, a greater proportion of participants enrolled at the intervention arm had a detectable HIV viral load compared with control participants (49% vs. 28%, respectively, p < 0.010). Process evaluation findings suggested that Shamba Maisha had high acceptability in recruitment, delivered strong agricultural and financial training, and led to labor saving due to use of the water pump. Implementation challenges included participant concerns about repaying loans, agricultural challenges due to weather patterns, and a challenging partnership with the microfinance institution. We expect the results from this pilot study to provide useful data on the impacts of livelihood interventions and will help in the design of a definitive cluster RCT. Trial registration: This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01548599. © 2015, Cohen et al.; licensee Springer.	Agriculture; Food insecurity; HIV; Intervention; Livelihoods; Microfinance	None	1R34MH094215, NIMH, National Institute of Mental Health
Scopus	2-s2.0-84920108850	Integrating livestock feeds and production systems into agricultural multi-market models: The example of IMPACT	Msangi S., Enahoro D., Herrero M., Magnan N., Havlik P., Notenbaert A., Nelgen S.	2014	Food Policy	49	P2	10.1016/j.foodpol.2014.10.002	International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), 2033 K Street NW, Washington, DC, United States; International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Accra, Ghana; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Brisbane, Australia; Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States; International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria; International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Nairobi, Kenya; International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya	Msangi, S., International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), 2033 K Street NW, Washington, DC, United States; Enahoro, D., International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Accra, Ghana; Herrero, M., Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Brisbane, Australia; Magnan, N., Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States; Havlik, P., International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria; Notenbaert, A., International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Nairobi, Kenya; Nelgen, S., International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya	The various ways in which livestock production systems can be incorporated into economic, partial-equilibrium, multi-market models are presented, and the challenges outlined. A particular focus and illustrative case is livestock feed. Foremost among the challenges is the reconciliation of scientific understanding of livestock feed requirements and production characteristics with the available national data. Another challenge is in estimating herd structures. An economic, multi-market modeling approach is presented which has been widely used in policy analysis and advocacy, and an account is given of the necessary recent enhancements for addressing livestock. © 2014 The Authors.	Agriculture; Foresight; Livestock; Multi-market; Policy; Production; Trade	agricultural economics; economic analysis; food supplementation; livestock farming; model test; planning method; policy approach	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70350173092	Impact assessment of water scarcity at Somntongo in the lowveld region of Swaziland	Mijinyawa Y., Dlamini S.S.	2008	Scientific Research and Essays	3	2	None	Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Land Use and Mechanization, University of Swaziland, Luyengo Campus, Swaziland	Mijinyawa, Y., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Dlamini, S.S., Department of Land Use and Mechanization, University of Swaziland, Luyengo Campus, Swaziland	A survey was conducted to assess the impact of water scarcity in Somntongo, in the lowveld region of Swaziland. The study adopted the use of questionnaire, interview schedules and focused group discussions. Information sought included sources of water, distances between water sources and places of residence, and the effect of water scarcity on the various aspects of human activities. The study revealed that only two rivers and five boreholes were the major sources of water while distances of as much as 5 - 20 km were covered in search of water. In about 82% of the homesteads, the water use was about 3.3 litres/head/day and 2.3 litres/livestock/day. These are quite low compared to the minimum standards of 25 litres/head/day, and between 25 and 35 litres/livestock/day. Water scarcity has resulted in the death of livestocks; some cultivated crops have withered while others are not cultivated for lack of irrigation water. In some instances, schools have temporarily been closed due to water shortages. Construction of more boreholes and dams can reduce the water scarcity and promote the standard of living in the community. © 2008 Academic Journals.	Agriculture; Harvesting; Irrigation; Scarcity; Swaziland; Water	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84874908954	Effect of supervisors' specialization on job performance of agriculture science teachers in Botswana Junior Secondary Schools	Molefhe L., Oladele O.I.	2012	Life Science Journal	9	3	None	Department of Agricultural Economics, Education and Extension, Botswana College of Agriculture, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana; Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, South Africa	Molefhe, L., Department of Agricultural Economics, Education and Extension, Botswana College of Agriculture, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana; Oladele, O.I., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, South Africa	This paper examines the effect of supervisors' specialization on job performance of agriculture science teachers in Junior Secondary Schools. A simple random technique was used to select 49 agricultural science teachers and 13 supervisors. The teachers were divided into those whose supervisors specialize in agriculture science (ATAS) and those with supervisors do not (ATNAS). Data collected with a structured questionnaire that was face validity and has reliability coefficient of 0.92 were analyzed. The results shows that majority of ATAS and ATNAS indicated that a higher proportion of the supervisors who have the same subject specialization perform their supervisory roles than supervisors who do not specialize in the same subjects. Significant differences exist in the perceived effect of supervision (F = 27.93, p < 0.05) and between ATAS and ATNAS, on Supervisors' specialization (t = 14.97, p < 0.05), and job performance (t = -3.00, p < 0.05).	Agriculture science; Botswana; Subject specialization; Supervision; Teachers	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84929653743	The impact of 'women's empowerment in agriculture' on household vulnerability to food insecurity in the KwaZulu-Natal province	Sharaunga S., Mudhara M., Bogale A.	2015	Forum for Development Studies	42	2	10.1080/08039410.2014.997792	School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Discipline of Agricultural Economics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; African Centre for Food Security, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa	Sharaunga, S., School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Discipline of Agricultural Economics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Mudhara, M., School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Discipline of Agricultural Economics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Bogale, A., African Centre for Food Security, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa	It is argued that empowering women in smallholder agriculture is very crucial in reducing vulnerability to food insecurity among rural households. This study contributes to this literature by adapting the vulnerability as expected poverty approach to determine which dimensions of 'women's empowerment in agriculture' reduces household's vulnerability to food insecurity based on cross-section data collected from 300 randomly selected primary female heads-of-households in Msinga rural areas of KwaZulu-Natal. It was found that empowering women in socio-cultural aspects that creates hindrances in agriculture reduces the probability of their households being vulnerable to food insecurity. Surprisingly, access to irrigation and improved water-use security did not significantly influence household vulnerability to food insecurity. However, other forms of women's empowerment including economic agency and physical capital empowerment were found to reduce the likelihood of a household being vulnerable to food insecurity. Women with high levels of financial capital empowerment invested less in other capital assets and were more vulnerable to food insecurity in the future. In addition to women's empowerment, demographic characteristics of a household influence its vulnerability status. A household's vulnerability to food insecurity reduces as the husband's income increases but increases with increased dependency ratio. It was concluded that empowerment in agriculture alone is not a panacea to reduce household vulnerability to food insecurity. Efforts should be made to improve physical assets that determine the off-farm income earning and agricultural production capacity of households. © 2015 Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI).	agriculture; South Africa; vulnerability to food insecurity; women's empowerment	agricultural production; capital; empowerment; food security; smallholder; vulnerability; womens status; KwaZulu-Natal; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84940869532	The impacts of integrated youth training farm as a capacity building center for youth agricultural empowerment in Kwara State, Nigeria	Latopa A.-L.A., Rashid S.N.A.S.	2015	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	6	5	10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n5p524	Department of Social and Development Science, University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia; Department of Local Government Studies, College of Administrative Studies and Social Science Kaduna PolytechnicKaduna State, Nigeria	Latopa, A.-L.A., Department of Social and Development Science, University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia, Department of Local Government Studies, College of Administrative Studies and Social Science Kaduna PolytechnicKaduna State, Nigeria; Rashid, S.N.A.S., Department of Social and Development Science, University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia	Capacity building in agriculture has become imperative in Nigeria due to the high rate of youth unemployment, overdependence on white collar job and the need to prepare a replacement for the aging local subsistence farmers. To achieve this trend, some states in Nigeria established youth training farms to empower the youth in agriculture sector. Integrated Youth Training Farm Program was established by the Kwara State government as a youth empowerment strategy to reduce unemployment and associated social problems. About 418 youths were trained through the capacity building program between 2006 and 2013 as new generation of modern commercial farmers. In this regard, this study assesses the impact of the Integrated Youth Farm Training Program on youth in Kwara State. Using qualitative case study technique, 30 informants who included the youth participants, implementers and government officials were interviewed. Also, documents, Focus Group Discussion and observation were used as the researchers remain the main instrument. The findings revealed that, the capacity building program has made tremendous impact directly and indirectly on the lives of the youth in Kwara State. Eventually, the success of the program has led to multiplier effects that will subsequently go a long way in empowering the teeming youth population socially, economically and psychologically if the challenges of sustainability are adequately addressed. © 2015, Mediterranean Center of Social and Educational Research. All rights reserved.	Agriculture training; Capacity building; Malete youth farm; Youth empowerment; Youth unemployment	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77950118323	The impact of Bioversity International's African Leafy Vegetables programme in Kenya	Gotor E., Irungu C.	2010	Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal	28	1	10.3152/146155110X488817	Bioversity International, via dei Tre Denari, 472/a, Maccarese, Rome 00057, Italy; St Paul's University, Private Bag 00217, Limuru, Kenya	Gotor, E., Bioversity International, via dei Tre Denari, 472/a, Maccarese, Rome 00057, Italy; Irungu, C., St Paul's University, Private Bag 00217, Limuru, Kenya	An objective of Bioversity International is to promote income and food security by ensuring that agricultural biodiversity is conserved, characterised and used to improve productivity. The African Leafy Vegetables (ALVs) programme was initiated and implemented to meet this objective but no impact evaluation has been carried out since its conclusion. This study aims to evaluate the role played by Bioversity and its partners in the programme, and to assess the impact of the ALVs programme on the livelihoods of farmers in four regions of Kenya. The study used both primary and secondary data. Information from the survey was complemented by focus group discussions. To assess the role of Bioversity and its partners, all the partners were identified and interviewed. Bioversity was found to have ably acted as catalyst, facilitator and coordinator of the programme. Results also showed that production, consumption and marketing of ALVs had increased since 1997, women still dominated most of the ALVs activities, and those households that marketed ALVs were relatively better off than those that did not. © IAIA 2010.	Agro-biodiversity; ALVs; Impact assessment; In-situ conservation; Kenya; Poverty alleviation	agricultural production; biodiversity; food security; leafy vegetable; poverty alleviation; productivity; Kenya	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70350188339	Impact of commonly used agrochemicals on bacterial diversity in cultivated soils	Ampofo J.A., Tetteh W., Bello M.	2009	Indian Journal of Microbiology	49	3	10.1007/s12088-009-0042-9	Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Water Research Institute, CSIR-WRI, P. O. Box M 32, Accra, Ghana	Ampofo, J.A., Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Water Research Institute, CSIR-WRI, P. O. Box M 32, Accra, Ghana; Tetteh, W., Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Water Research Institute, CSIR-WRI, P. O. Box M 32, Accra, Ghana; Bello, M., Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Water Research Institute, CSIR-WRI, P. O. Box M 32, Accra, Ghana	The effects of three selected agrochemicals on bacterial diversity in cultivated soil have been studied. The selected agrochemicals are Cerox (an insecticide), Ceresate and Paraquat (both herbicides). The effect on bacterial population was studied by looking at the total heterotrophic bacteria presence and the effect of the agrochemicals on some selected soil microbes. The soil type used was loamy with pH of 6.0-7.0. The soil was placed in opaque pots and bambara bean (Vigna subterranean) seeds cultivated in them. The agrochemicals were applied two weeks after germination of seeds at concentrations based on manufacturer's recommendation. Plant growth was assessed by weekly measurement of plant height, foliage appearance and number of nodules formed after one month. The results indicated that the diversity index (Di) among the bacteria populations in untreated soil and that of Cerox-treated soils were high with mean diversity index above 0.95. Mean Di for Ceresate-treated soil was 0.88, and that for Paraquattreated soil was 0.85 indicating low bacterial populations in these treatment-type soils. The study also showed that application of the agrochemicals caused reduction in the number of total heterotrophic bacteria population sizes in the soil. Ceresate caused 82.50% reduction in bacteria number from a mean of 40 × 105 cfu g-1 of soil sample to 70 × 104 cfu g-1. Paraquat-treated soil showed 92.86% reduction, from a mean of 56 × 105 cfu g-1 to 40 × 104 cfu g-1. Application of Cerox to the soil did not have any remarkable reduction in bacterial population number. Total viable cell count studies using Congo red yeast-extract mannitol agar indicated reduction in the number of Rhizobium spp. after application of the agrochemicals. Mean number of Rhizobium population numbers per gram of soil was 180 × 104 for the untreated soil. Cerox-treated soil recorded mean number of 138 × 104 rhizobial cfu g-1 of soil, a 23.33% reduction. Ceresate- and Paraquat-treated soils recorded 20 × 104 and 12 × 104 cfu g-1 of soil, respectively, representing 88.89% and 93.33% reduction in Rhizobium population numbers. Correspondingly, the mean number of nodules per plant was 44 for the growth in untreated soil, 30 for the plant in the Cerox-treated soil, 8 for the plant in Paraquat-treated soil and 3 for the plant in Ceresate-treated soil. The study has confirmed detrimental effect of insecticide on bacterial populations in the soil. Total heterotrophic counts, rhizobial counts as well as the number of nodules of all samples taken from the chemically treated soils were all low as compared to values obtained for the untreated soil. However, the effect of the insecticide was minimal in all cases as compared to the effects of the herbicides on the soil fauna. Indiscriminate use of agrochemicals on farms can therefore affect soil flora and subsequently food production. © Association of Microbiologists of India 2009.	Agrochemicals; Diversity index; Rhizobium	Bacteria (microorganisms); Bambara; Rhizobium; Vigna subterranea	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84896900864	Evaluation of pyrene sorption-desorption on tropical soils	Olu-Owolabi B.I., Diagboya P.N., Adebowale K.O.	2014	Journal of Environmental Management	137	None	10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.01.048	Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China	Olu-Owolabi, B.I., Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Diagboya, P.N., Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China; Adebowale, K.O., Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Sorption-desorption processes control soil-pollutant interactions. These processes determine the extent of pyrene transport in soils. Understanding sorption characteristics of pyrene is necessary in ascertaining its fate in soil. Laboratory batch experiments were conducted to study the sorptions-desorption of pyrene on eight soils from varying tropical agro-ecological zones (AEZs). The results showed that pyrene sorptions equilibria were attained within 720min. Solution pH had a reciprocal effect on pyrene sorptions. Sorption was exothermic and increased with pyrene concentration in solution. The quantities of pyrene sorbed by each soil as well as the hysteresis were proportional to the percentage organic matter, and to some degree, the clay mineralogy. Sorption isotherms showed distributed reactivity involving several linear and non-linear isotherms. The present investigation showed that pyrene is likely to be more available to biota and reach the aquifer faster in low organic matter soils than those with relatively higher organic matter and more so in warmer climes. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.	Agro-ecological zone; Pyrene; Sorption; Tropical soils	aluminum oxide; aluminum silicate; calcium carbonate; ferric hydroxide; ferric oxide; montmorillonite; organic matter; pyrene; soil organic matter; clay; pyrene; pyrene derivative; soil; soil pollutant; experimental study; organic matter; phase equilibrium; pollution control; pyrene; reaction kinetics; soil pollution; sorption; tropical soil; adsorption; article; controlled study; desorption; diffusion; isotherm; mineralogy; particle size; physical chemistry; physical phenomena; soil; soil acidity; soil property; sorption; surface soil; thermodynamics; chemical model; chemistry; kinetics; Nigeria; soil; soil pollutant; tropic climate; Adsorption; Aluminum Silicates; Kinetics; Models, Chemical; Nigeria; Pyrenes; Soil; Soil Pollutants; Thermodynamics; Tropical Climate	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84908626464	Benefits of legume-maize rotations: Assessing the impact of diversity on the productivity of smallholders in Western Kenya	Ojiem J.O., Franke A.C., Vanlauwe B., de Ridder N., Giller K.E.	2014	Field Crops Research	168	None	10.1016/j.fcr.2014.08.004	Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Research Centre, P.O. Box 1490, Kisumu, Kenya; Plant Production Systems, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 430, Wageningen, Netherlands; Soil, Crop and Climate Sciences, Universit	Ojiem, J.O., Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Research Centre, P.O. Box 1490, Kisumu, Kenya, Plant Production Systems, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 430, Wageningen, Netherlands; Franke, A.C., Plant Production Systems, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 430, Wageningen, Netherlands, Soil, Crop and Climate Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Vanlauwe, B., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; de Ridder, N., Plant Production Systems, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 430, Wageningen, Netherlands; Giller, K.E., Plant Production Systems, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 430, Wageningen, Netherlands	Agricultural intensification of farming systems in sub-Saharan Africa is a prerequisite to alleviate rural poverty and improve livelihoods. Legumes have shown great potential to enhance system productivity. On-farm experiments were conducted in different agro-ecological zones (AEZ) in Western Kenya to assess the agronomic and economic benefits of promising legumes. In each zone, trials were established in fields of high, medium and low fertility to assess the effect of soil fertility heterogeneity on legume productivity and subsequent maize yield. Common bean, soybean, groundnut, lima bean, lablab, velvet bean, crotalaria, and jackbean were grown in the short rains season, followed by maize in the long rains season. Alongside, continuous maize treatments fertilised at different rates were established. AEZs and soil fertility gradients within these zones greatly affected crop productivity, returns to land and labour of rotations, as well as the relative performance of rotations. Poorer soil fertility and AEZs with lower rainfall gave smaller legume and maize yields and consequently, smaller returns to land and labour. The cultivation of legumes increased maize yields in the subsequent long rains season compared with continuous maize receiving fertiliser at a similar rate, while the increase of maize after green manure legumes was stronger than that after grain legumes. Maize yield responded strongly to increasing amounts of N applied as legume residues with diminishing returns to legume-N application rates above 100kgNha-1. In the low potential zones, factors other than improved N availability likely also stimulated maize yield. Rotations with grain legumes generally provided better returns than those with green manures. Intercropping bean with maize in the long rains season provided an additional bean yield that did not come at the expense of maize yield and improved returns to land and labour, but more so in the high potential zones. The results demonstrate the strong impact of biophysical diversity on the productivity of the legumes and suggest the need for careful targeting of legume technologies to the different biophysical conditions. © 2014.	Agro-ecological zones; Economic analysis; Legumes; Rotations; Soil fertility gradients; Technology niches	agricultural economics; agricultural intensification; agroecology; crop production; crop rotation; crop yield; cultivation; legume; maize; productivity; smallholder; soil fertility; Kenya; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84871258311	Genetic diversity of indigenous Bradyrhizobium nodulating promiscuous soybean [Glycine max (L) Merr.] varieties in Kenya: Impact of phosphorus and lime fertilization in two contrasting sites	Wasike V.W., Lesueur D., Wachira F.N., Mungai N.W., Mumera L.M., Sanginga N., Mburu H.N., Mugadi D., Wango P., Vanlauwe B.	2009	Plant and Soil	322	1	10.1007/s11104-009-9902-7	Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI), P.O. Box 57811-00200, Nairobi, Kenya; Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Inst. of the Inter. Cent. for Tropical Agri. (TSBF-CIAT), United Nations Avenue, P.O. Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Crops Horticulture and Soils, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Njoro, Kenya; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Egerton, Kenya; CIRAD, PERSYST Department, UPR Ecosystems of Plantations, Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Inst. of the Inter. Cen. for Tropical Agri. (TSBF-CIAT), United Nations Avenue, P.O. Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya	Wasike, V.W., Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI), P.O. Box 57811-00200, Nairobi, Kenya, Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Inst. of the Inter. Cent. for Tropical Agri. (TSBF-CIAT), United Nations Avenue, P.O. Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya, Department of Crops Horticulture and Soils, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Njoro, Kenya; Lesueur, D., CIRAD, PERSYST Department, UPR Ecosystems of Plantations, Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Inst. of the Inter. Cen. for Tropical Agri. (TSBF-CIAT), United Nations Avenue, P.O. Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya; Wachira, F.N., Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Egerton, Kenya; Mungai, N.W., Department of Crops Horticulture and Soils, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Njoro, Kenya; Mumera, L.M., Department of Crops Horticulture and Soils, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Njoro, Kenya; Sanginga, N., Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Inst. of the Inter. Cent. for Tropical Agri. (TSBF-CIAT), United Nations Avenue, P.O. Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya; Mburu, H.N., Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Inst. of the Inter. Cent. for Tropical Agri. (TSBF-CIAT), United Nations Avenue, P.O. Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya; Mugadi, D., Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Inst. of the Inter. Cent. for Tropical Agri. (TSBF-CIAT), United Nations Avenue, P.O. Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya; Wango, P., Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Inst. of the Inter. Cent. for Tropical Agri. (TSBF-CIAT), United Nations Avenue, P.O. Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya; Vanlauwe, B., Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Inst. of the Inter. Cent. for Tropical Agri. (TSBF-CIAT), United Nations Avenue, P.O. Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya	While soybean is an exotic crop introduced in Kenya early last century, promiscuous (TGx) varieties which nodulate with indigenous rhizobia have only recently been introduced. Since farmers in Kenya generally cannot afford or access fertilizer or inoculants, the identification of effective indigenous Bradyrhizobium strains which nodulate promiscuous soybean could be useful in the development of inoculant strains. Genetic diversity and phylogeny of indigenous Bradyrhizobium strains nodulating seven introduced promiscuous soybean varieties grown in two different sites in Kenya was assayed using the Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) of the 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. PCR-RFLP analysis directly applied on 289 nodules using Msp I distinguished 18 intergenic spacer groups (IGS) I-XVIII. Predominant IGS groups were I, III, II, IV and VI which constituted 43.9%, 24.6%, 8.3% 7.6% and 6.9% respectively of all the analyzed nodules from the two sites while IGS group VII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIV, XVI, XVII, XVIII each constituted 1% or less. The IGS groups were specific to sites and treatments but not varieties. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that all indigenous strains belong to the genus Bradyrhizobium. Bradyrhizobium elkanii, Bradyrhizobium spp and Bradyrhizobium japonicum related strains were the most predominant and accounted for 37.9%, 34.5%, and 20.7% respectively while B. yuanmigense related accounted for 6.9% of all strains identified in the two combined sites. The diversity identified in Bradyrhizobium populations in the two sites represent a valuable genetic resource that has potential utility for the selection of more competitive and effective strains to improve biological nitrogen fixation and thus increase soybean yields at low cost. © Springer Science + Business Media B.V. 2009.	Agro-ecological zones; Genetic diversity; Polymerase chain reactionrestriction fragment length polymorphism; Promiscuous soybean	None	None
None	None	Relative effects of Moringa oleifera leaf meal and molasses as additives in grain sorghum based diets on performance of growing chicks in Tanzania	Kaijage J.T., Mutayoba S.K., Katule A., Kakengi A.M.V.	2014	Livestock Research for Rural Development	26	12	None	Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries Development, Department of Animal Production and Marketing Infrastructures, P.O. Box 9152, Dar-es-salaam, Tanzania; Sokoine University of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box, Morogoro, Tanzania; Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute, P.O. Box 661, Arusha, Tanzania	Kaijage, J.T., Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries Development, Department of Animal Production and Marketing Infrastructures, P.O. Box 9152, Dar-es-salaam, Tanzania; Mutayoba, S.K., Sokoine University of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box, Morogoro, Tanzania; Katule, A., Sokoine University of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box, Morogoro, Tanzania; Kakengi, A.M.V., Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute, P.O. Box 661, Arusha, Tanzania	The effects of supplementing Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) and molasses to grain sorghum based diets on performance of growing chicks was studied in a 2x3 factorial design for 8 weeks. The study used two grain sorghum varieties: high (HTS) and low (LTS) tannin; three supplementary strategies of non-supplemented, 10% DM- molasses and 10% DM-MOLM to make six diets, CTL1, SCM2., MOL1 and CTL2, SCM2 and MOL2 respectively.Survival, colour of body parts, growth parameters and feed conversion ratio were not influenced by type of sorghum. The DMI was higher in HTS and leg abnormality incidence (LAI) was higher in LTS. Survival and growth parameters were not influenced by type of supplementation. The supplementation of molasses aggravated, while supplementation of MOLM prevented, occurrence of LAI. The birds fed molasses showed paleness but those fed MOLM showed yellowing of body parts. The DMI and FCR were better in birds fed CTL1 compared with fed CTL2 based diets. Supplementation of molasses and MOLM improved DMI and FCR in HTS compared with LTS. HTS based diets in growing chicks should be supplemented with energy sources, minerals and pigments; while LTS based diets should be supplemented with minerals and pigments. Sugar cane molasses improves FCR in HTS but requires supplementation of minerals and pigments.Use of molasses as an additive to LTS based could impair FCR and aggravate LAI and is not recommended. The use of MOLM in HTS and LTS based diets can improve FCR and prevent prevalence of LAI and has the potential to produce coloured products. © 2014, Fundacion CIPAV. All right reserved.	Agroforestry; Leg weakness; Minerals; Mortality; Pigments	Moringa oleifera; Sorghum bicolor bicolor	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84871309978	Theoretical performance simulation of a high pressure agro-forestry swirl nozzle	Taiwo A., Oje K.	2012	International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering	5	4	10.3965/j.ijabe.20120504.00	Department of Agricultural Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Kwara State, Nigeria	Taiwo, A., Department of Agricultural Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Oje, K., Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Kwara State, Nigeria	Equations of dynamic systems in droplet distribution at high pressure and boundary value flows in the swirl chamber of a swirl nozzle were used in conjunction with momentum equations of forces on moving curved vanes to develop mathematical models. A computer program in C++ language was developed and used to simulate the effect of some flow and geometric parameters, including flow rate, pressure and swirl chamber diameter, on the spray performance of a high pressure agro-forestry swirl nozzle. Each of the three performance parameters of axial flow rate, spray cone angle and output discharge (or performance) coefficient were studied as a function of any two combinations of the nozzle supply pressure, exit orifice diameter and swirl chamber diameter. The study established that the spray cone angle of the discharge flow pattern varied from the minimum value of 40° for a swirl chamber diameter of 90 mm to 220° for 40 mm as the exit orifice diameter varied from the minimum value of 0.5 mm to 4.0 mm. The simulated nozzle output discharge coefficient could be varied from 0.98, when the nozzle supply pressure was 400 kPa to the minimum value of 0.001 at any of the other six simulated nozzle supply pressure values of 200, 250, 300, 350, 450 and 500 kPa by varying the exit orifice diameter from 0.5 mm to 4.0 mm. The pattern of variation of the simulated nozzle discharge coefficient values were similar to those obtained by measurement during the validation exercise in the laboratory although their sensitivities to the independent variables were different. The results indicated that the range of nozzle discharge coefficient of 0.80 to 0.98 required for a well designed high pressure agro-forestry swirl nozzle has been simulated. With the successful development of the C++ computer program, a useful tool that will cut down on the rigor encountered and time spent by nozzle designers and evaluators during nozzle development process has been developed in the study.	Agro-forestry; Performance coefficient; Simulation; Spray cone angle; Swirl chamber diameter; Swirl-nozzle	Agroforestry; Performance coefficients; Simulation; Spray cone angle; Swirl chambers; Swirl-nozzle; Computer software; Flow rate; Forestry; High pressure effects; Mathematical models; Orifices; Sensitivity analysis; Timber; Spray nozzles; Agriculture; Fluid Dynamics; Forestry; Geometry; Mathematical Models; Nozzles; Programing Languages; Sensitivity; Simulation	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-44349124006	Milk production and economic impact of strategic supplementation of prepartum Bunaji cows in the periurban areas of derived savanna of southwestern Nigeria	Olafadehan O.A., Adewumi M.K.	2008	Livestock Research for Rural Development	20	3	None	Department of Animal Production Technology, Federal College of Wildlife Management, P.M.B. 268, New Bussa, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Olafadehan, O.A., Department of Animal Production Technology, Federal College of Wildlife Management, P.M.B. 268, New Bussa, Nigeria; Adewumi, M.K., Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Twenty prepartum Bunaji cows with an average weight of 295±3.72 kg balanced for their parity and weight were used to investigate the effects of dry season supplementary feeding during the last trimester of pregnancy on the milk production and economic benefit of such intervention in an on-farm experiment. A completely randomized design was used with 4 treatments: A, range grazing (RG) only (control); B, RG + maize bran (MB); C, RG + MB + PKC (palm kernel cake) and D, RG + MB + DBG (dried brewer's grains). There were 5 cows per treatment. The feeding trial lasted for last trimester of pregnancy while milk production was measured throughout lactation. Supplemented cows produced higher milk (P &lt;0.05) than their non-supplemented counterparts at various stages of lactation; 3months, 6months and weaning. Among the supplemented cows, total milk yield (TMY) was more (P &lt;0.05) pronounced in cows on treatment D than those on treatment B. Yields of milk constituents followed the same trend as the milk yield. TMY was significantly (P&lt; 0.05) and directly related (R2 = 0.97) to the lactation length. Net economic benefit was best in supplemented cows on treatment D and least (P &lt;0.05) for grazing non-supplemented cows on treatment A. The results underscored beneficial effects of strategic supplementation of prepartum cows in a smallholder dairy production system.	Agroindustrial by-products; Cost-benefit; Lactation; Milk yield; Smallholder dairy production	Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953767099	Effect of dietary inclusion of Discarded Beetroot and Potato Hash Silage on growth performance and digestibility in South African Dorper lambs	Nkosi B.D., Ratsaka M.M.	2010	Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances	9	4	10.3923/javaa.2010.853.856	Department of Animal Nutrition, ARC-LBD, Animal Production Institute, South Africa	Nkosi, B.D., Department of Animal Nutrition, ARC-LBD, Animal Production Institute, South Africa; Ratsaka, M.M., Department of Animal Nutrition, ARC-LBD, Animal Production Institute, South Africa	Experiment was conducted to study the effect of dietary inclusion of Discarded Beetroot (DB) and Potato Hash Silage (PHS) on the growth performance of South African Dorper lambs. Potato hash silage was produced in 210/drums for 3 months and its fermentation characteristics were determined. Diets that contained no agro-industrial by-product (T,), DB (T2) or DB in combination with PHS (T3) were formulated and fed to 24 lambs of 24.5±0.275 kg body weight (8 per treatment). The PHS was poorly fermented as indicated by lower concentrations of lactic acid, higher butyric and ammonia-N. Higher (p<0.05) Dry Matter Intake (DM!) was obtained in 1l diet compared to the others. Lambs on diet T3 had lower (p<0.05) ADG than those fed the other diets. Improved (p<0.05) digestibility of CP was obtained in T1 and T2. It was concluded that dietary addition of poorly fermented potato hash silage resulted in lower ADG. Further research on the effect of dietary inclusion of high quality potato hash silage on ruminant performance is needed. © Medwell Journals, 2010.	Agro-industrial by-products; Discarded beetroot; Fermentation; Lambs; Potato hash	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897885776	Evaluation of the resistance of German cultivars of maize and sorghum to Maize streak virus	Drechsler N., Thieme T., Shepherd D.N., Schubert J.	2014	Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection	121	1	None	BTL Bio-Test Labor GmbH Sagerheide, Thünenplatz 1, 18190 Groß Lüsewitz, Germany; University of Cape Town, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7701, South Africa; Julius Kuehn-Institute, Institute for Biosafety in Plant Biotechnology, Erwin-Baur-Str. 27, 06484 Quedlinburg, Germany	Drechsler, N., BTL Bio-Test Labor GmbH Sagerheide, Thünenplatz 1, 18190 Groß Lüsewitz, Germany; Thieme, T., BTL Bio-Test Labor GmbH Sagerheide, Thünenplatz 1, 18190 Groß Lüsewitz, Germany; Shepherd, D.N., University of Cape Town, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7701, South Africa; Schubert, J., Julius Kuehn-Institute, Institute for Biosafety in Plant Biotechnology, Erwin-Baur-Str. 27, 06484 Quedlinburg, Germany	Maize streak virus (MSV) is the cause of one of the most devastating maize diseases in Africa. It is transmitted by leafhoppers of the genus Cicadulina. Due to the changing climate it is possible that species of this genus capable of transmitting MSV will become established and spread the virus in Europe. There is no data on the level of resistance of cultivars of European maize to MSV. The susceptibility of three maize and 15 sorghum cultivars, and Miscanthus × giganteus was investigated using agroinoculation with the virus. DAS-ELISA and a newly developed real time quantitative PCR was used to determine the concentration of virus. All three cultivars of maize were susceptible to MSV administered using agroinoculation, although there were significant differences in the levels of susceptibility. The 15 culti-vars of sorghum and Miscanthus were resistant to MSV. Transmission tests using Cicadulina mbila as the vector confirmed the resistance of two of the cultivars of sorghum and Miscanthus. Agroinoculation can only be carried out under S2 biosafety conditions. Therefore, the persistence of agro-bacteria in the plants was investigated. Five weeks after agroinoculation, the bacteria were no longer found in the above-ground parts of the plants, but still persisted in the roots of some plants. Transmission tests with an indigenous species of leafhopper, Psammotettix alienus, a vector of the related geminivirus Wheat dwarf virus, revealed that this species is not capable of transmitting MSV. Virus was found only in the body of these insects and not in their heads, which is necessary for persistent transmission through salivary glands. © Eugen Ulmer KG, Stuttgart.	Agroinfection; Agroinoculation; Bioenergy crops; Climate change; Leafhoppers; Miscanthus; MSV; Realtime PCR	bioenergy; biosafety; climate variation; cultivar; disease resistance; disease severity; disease transmission; energy crop; maize; polymerase chain reaction; real time; sorghum; viral disease; Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650297338	Hydrothermal effects on the performance of maize and cucumber intercrop in a tropical wet and dry climate in nigeria	Makinde A.A., Bello N.J., Olasantan F.O., Adebisi M.A.	2009	African Journal of Agricultural Research	4	3	None	Department of Water Resources Management and Agrometeorology, University of Agriculture, P.M.B 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Department of Horticulture, University of Agriculture, P.M.B 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Department of Plant Breeding and Seed Technology,	Makinde, A.A., Department of Water Resources Management and Agrometeorology, University of Agriculture, P.M.B 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Bello, N.J., Department of Water Resources Management and Agrometeorology, University of Agriculture, P.M.B 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Olasantan, F.O., Department of Horticulture, University of Agriculture, P.M.B 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Adebisi, M.A., Department of Plant Breeding and Seed Technology, University of Agriculture, P.M.B 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Maize and cucumber were intercropped in a simple randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates in two field trials in early and late planting seasons of 2004. The result showed that mean soil temperatures of 33 and 31°C at 5 and 10 cm respectively during late season could be said to have enhanced the productivity of cucumber yield by about 50% compared to early season with mean soil temperatures of 30 and 29°C at 5 and 10 cm below soil surface. The mean cucumber yield of 9 t/ha and 6.1 t/ha for mono and mixed crop respectively during early season trial was significantly lower (P <0.05) than the mean cucumber yield of 15.34 t/ha and 12.34 t/ha for late season. However, early season maize fresh cob weight (178.4 g/ha) and weight of seeds per cob (122.4 g/ha) were significantly higher than that recorded for late season with 152.2 g/ha and 64.1 g/ha respectively. This could be attributed to suitably high rainfall of 27.0 and 324.6 mm during establishment and vegetative phenological stages respectively during the early cropping season compared with corresponding values of 12.6 and 206.5 mm during late season trial. © 2009 Academic Journals.	Agro-meteorological; Hydrothermal; Precipitation	Cucumis sativus; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34547893417	Performance of growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties in a cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)/rice intercrop in the South West Nigeria	Okonji C.J., Okeleye K.A., Oyekanmi A.A.	2007	International Journal of Agricultural Research	2	4	None	Department of Plant Physiology and Crop Production, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	Okonji, C.J., Department of Plant Physiology and Crop Production, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Okeleye, K.A., Department of Plant Physiology and Crop Production, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Oyekanmi, A.A., Department of Plant Physiology and Crop Production, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	A field trial was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of the University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (latitude 7°15 N' and longitude 3°25 E') located in the forest-savanna transition zone of South West Nigeria in 2002 and 2003 to assess the agronomic growth and yield of intercropping cassava and rice. The treatments consisted of two cassava cultivars and three rice varieties in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The two cassava cultivars were TMS 30572 and TME 1 and the three rice varieties were interspecific hybrid WAB 189-B-B-B-6-HB, ITA 150 and ITA 321. In 2002, cropping system had no significant effects on growth parameters of rice varieties. However, in 2003, cropping system significantly decreased the number of tillers, but increased the panicle length of rice. Cropping system significantly decreased the number of grains per panicle in 2003 and grain yield of rice in both years. The grain yield of rice was significantly conelated with number of tillers (r = 0.83), LAI (r = 0.81) and number of panicles per hill (r = 0.91) in both years. In 2002, tuber yields of the two cassava cultivars in mixtures were similar to the yields of their corresponding sole crop plants. However, in 2003, sole cassava cvs TMS 30572 and TME 1 produced significantly 26 and 23% higher tuber yield than their conesponding intercrops. In 2002 and 2003, TMS 30572 produced 35 and 25 t ha-1 while TME 1 produced 27 and 171 ha-1 tuber yield, respectively, in mixtures. © 2007 Academic Journals.	Agronomic attributes; Cassava; Intercropping; Morphotypes; Rice; Yield attributes	Manihot esculenta; Oryza sativa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79956319956	Evaluation of resistance in wheat germplasm to the aphids, Sitobion avenae based on Technique for order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) TOPSIS and cluster methods	Wang C.-P., Chen Q., Luo K., Zhao H.-Y., Zhang G.-S., Tlali R.	2011	African Journal of Agricultural Research	6	6	None	College of Plant Protection, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; College of Agronomy, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, China; Department of Crops Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security, Maseru 100, Lesotho, South Africa	Wang, C.-P., College of Plant Protection, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China, College of Agronomy, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, China; Chen, Q., College of Plant Protection, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Luo, K., College of Plant Protection, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Zhao, H.-Y., College of Plant Protection, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Zhang, G.-S., College of Plant Protection, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Tlali, R., Department of Crops Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security, Maseru 100, Lesotho, South Africa	Sitobion avenae is the dominant and destructive pest in wheat production regions in China. Therefore, breeders developed new and high resistant varieties to ensure stable yields. In this paper, thirteen comprehensive agronomic characteristics of twenty-two wheat germplasm resources were investigated, and the data for the resources collected in the latest two years were treated with Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS method) and cluster analysis. The priority order of alternatives ranks obtained from the TOPSIS method and aphid index analysis is the same. The order of alternatives ranks is as follows: Yumai70>Amigo>186Tm>Xiaoyan22>PI>Donghan1>98-10-35>...>Datang991>Qianjinzao. It was also found that the examined 22 wheat germplasm resources could be agglomerated into four clusters. Five good germplasm, namely 186Tm, Yumai70, AMIGO, Xiaoyan22, 98-10-35, could be used directly or as parents for breeding wheat varieties for resistance to S. avenae. Furthermore, the results showed TOPSIS analysis and cluster analysis are highly consistent with each other. But TOPSIS method is the best comprehensive method for the evaluation of resistance in wheat breeding to the aphids. © 2011 Academic Journals.	Agronomic characteristic; Cluster analysis; Germplasm resources; Sitobion avenae; Technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution method; Wheat (Triticum aestivum)	Aphididae; Sitobion avenae; Triticum aestivum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-82755182077	Effect of different pot sizes and growth media on the agronomic performance of jatropha curcas	Geply O.A., Baiyewu R.A., Adegoke I.A., Ayodele O.O., Ademola I.T.	2011	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	10	10	None	Department of Forest Product Development and Utilization, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B. 5054, Jericho Hill, Ibadan, Nigeria	Geply, O.A., Department of Forest Product Development and Utilization, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B. 5054, Jericho Hill, Ibadan, Nigeria; Baiyewu, R.A., Department of Forest Product Development and Utilization, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B. 5054, Jericho Hill, Ibadan, Nigeria; Adegoke, I.A., Department of Forest Product Development and Utilization, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B. 5054, Jericho Hill, Ibadan, Nigeria; Ayodele, O.O., Department of Forest Product Development and Utilization, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B. 5054, Jericho Hill, Ibadan, Nigeria; Ademola, I.T., Department of Forest Product Development and Utilization, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B. 5054, Jericho Hill, Ibadan, Nigeria	This research study was carried out to investigate the effect of different pot sizes and growth media on the growth of Jatropha curcas. Two different pot sizes (5 cm by 10 cm) for big pot sizes and (21/2 cm by 21/2 cm by 6 cm) for small pot sizes and 3 different growth media made up of Top Soil, River Sand and Sawdust were used. Relative comparison in Jatropha curcas plant agronomic parameter such as plant height, stem girth and number of leaves, was determined and the values were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). The result of the analysis shows a significant difference in the combination factor of treatment and weeks, for plant height, stem girth and number of leaves. From the mean value, River Sand in big pot (RB) has the highest value in height and girth with 7.2217 cm, 0.9950 mm respectively. While the highest number of leave was counted from Top Soil in big pot (TB) with 6.7333 cm. Based on the agronomic result obtained in this study, it can therefore be concluded that the best soil media for growing Jatropha curcas is River Sand and the best pot size is big pot (5 cm by 10 cm). © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2011.	Agronomic; Height; Jatropha curcas; River sand; Stem girth	agricultural parameters; agronomy; article; controlled study; culture medium; Jatropha curcas; nonhuman; plant growth; plant height; plant leaf; plant leaf number; plant parameters; plant stem; pot size; river sand; sand; sawdust; soil analysis; stem girth; surface soil; top soil	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84899136242	The impact of agronomic inputs on selected physicochemical features and their relationships with heavy metals levels in surface sediment and water in sugarcane farms in Nzoia, Kenya	Omwoma S., Lalah J.O., Ongeri D.M.K., Schramm K.-W.	2014	Environmental Earth Sciences	71	10	10.1007/s12665-013-2824-y	Department of Chemistry, Maseno University, P.O. Box 333-40105, Maseno, Kenya; Department of Chemical Science and Technology, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Technical University of Kenya, P.O. Box 52428-00200, City Square, Nairobi, Kenya; HelmholtzZentrum Muenchen, The German National Research Centre for Environment and Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Munich, Germany	Omwoma, S., Department of Chemistry, Maseno University, P.O. Box 333-40105, Maseno, Kenya; Lalah, J.O., Department of Chemical Science and Technology, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Technical University of Kenya, P.O. Box 52428-00200, City Square, Nairobi, Kenya; Ongeri, D.M.K., Department of Chemistry, Maseno University, P.O. Box 333-40105, Maseno, Kenya; Schramm, K.-W., HelmholtzZentrum Muenchen, The German National Research Centre for Environment and Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Munich, Germany	Sugarcane farming is the most important cash crop cultivation activity in the Lake Victoria basin of Kenya practised in an area covering approximately 114,000 Ha in total. For better yields, various agronomic inputs including fertilizers and herbicides have been used intensively in the farms, causing serious concerns about their potential impacts on the aquatic ecosystems within the lake basin. In this study, the physicochemical features of surface sediment and water including pH, total organic carbon contents and heavy metal (Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb and Cr) loads in River Kuywa and in runoff canals in sugarcane farms in Nzoia nucleus estate within the lake basin were determined to assess the effects of agronomic activities including agronomic inputs in the form of nitrogenous fertilizers [urea and diammonium phosphate (DAP)], herbicides and sewage sludge used in farming on their levels. The results indicated significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) in the heavy metal levels in sediment and water samples taken before and after the farms, respectively, indicating a positive impact on the concentration levels. The canal water and sediment samples' heavy metal levels were also significantly higher than those of the river samples showing that the influent sugarcane farm canal waters transfer these contaminants into River Kuywa. Although the levels of these parameters were significantly higher in the canals than in the controls obtained from outside the sugarcane farms, the heavy metal levels in soil samples from within the farms with similar agronomic activities did not differ significantly among the various plots. The turbidity, electrical conductivity, temperature, water and soil pH and total organic carbon values in samples obtained within the sugarcane farms showed significant seasonal variations and differed significantly from the values in the controls showing a significant negative impact of agronomic inputs on water quality. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Agronomic inputs; Heavy metals; Kenya; Lake Victoria catchment; River Kuywa; Sugarcane farming	Agronomy; Canals; Catchments; Copper; Heavy metals; Herbicides; Hydraulic structures; Lakes; Lead; Phosphate fertilizers; Rivers; Sewage sludge; Surficial sediments; Urea; Urea fertilizers; Water quality; Weed control; Agronomic inputs; Diammonium phosphates; Electrical conductivity; Kenya; Lake Victoria; Physicochemical features; Sugarcane farmings; Total organic carbon content; River pollution; agronomy; cash cropping; crop yield; cultivation; heavy metal; physiological response; sediment pollution; sugar cane; surface water; water pollution; water quality; East African Lakes; Lake Victoria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960095020	Seasonal agronomic performance of rice (oryza sativa L.) hybrids in a tidal saline mangrove agro-ecological zone of Nigeria	Ogburia M.N., Okele K.	2010	European Journal of Scientific Research	44	4	None	Department of Crop/Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P. M. B. 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Ogburia, M.N., Department of Crop/Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P. M. B. 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Okele, K., Department of Crop/Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P. M. B. 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	A field experiment was conducted for two years (December, 2001 to December, 2003) at Imbiakpabai, Bayelsa State-a tidal saline mangrove swamp agro-ecological zone of Nigeria, to compare the agronomic performance of 10 swamp rice hybrids between dry and wet season croppings. Percent germination, days to 50% emergence, plant height (cm), tiller number, number of leaves, grain yield (tha-1) among the rice genotypes all varied significantly (P &lt; 0.05). WITA 4 produced highest grain yield (2.19 tha-1) and lowest grain yield was obtained from Tox 303-13-3-1-1-2 (1.03 tha-1). Between the two cropping seasons, higher grain yield (1.66 tha-1) was obtained in the wet season as compared with 1.34 tha-1 of the dry season. Generally, wet season gave better agronomic performance than dry season. WITA 4 and BW 348-1 have been identified as good cultivars for planting in this agro-ecology, and wet season cropping is preferred to that of dry season. © 2010 EuroJournals Publishing, Inc.	Agronomic performance; Grain yield; Mangrove ecology; Nigeria; Rice hybrids; Seasonality	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84964826206	Evaluating testcross performance and genetic divergence of lines derived from reciprocal tropical maize composites	Menkir A., Kling J.G., Anjorin B., Ladejobi F., Gedil M.	2015	Maydica	60	2	None	International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Oyo Road, PMB 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria; Oregon State University, Crop Science Building 107, Corvallis, OR, United States	Menkir, A., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Oyo Road, PMB 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria; Kling, J.G., Oregon State University, Crop Science Building 107, Corvallis, OR, United States; Anjorin, B., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Oyo Road, PMB 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria; Ladejobi, F., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Oyo Road, PMB 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria; Gedil, M., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Oyo Road, PMB 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria	The development of hybrids with enhanced expression of heterosis depends on the genetic background of the source population and the effectiveness of a breeding scheme used to identify and use divergent inbred lines with good combining ability. The present study was conducted to examine the potential of improved tropical reciprocal composites as sources of inbred lines for developing productive hybrids. Thirty-six S4 lines derived from the third RRS cycle of each composite were crossed in pairs to form 36 testcrosses, which were evaluated along with commonly grown commercial hybrids in Nigeria across nine test environments. Results showed consistent ranking of testcrosses for grain yield and other traits across the diverse test environments. The best 22 testcrosses produced 21% to 51% more grain yields than the highest yielding commercial hybrid. Several testcrosses combined high grain yields with other desirable agronomic traits. The SSR and SNP markers used in the present study detected a broad range of genetic diversity among the 72 S4 lines, which was structured along the two composites. The two markers portrayed similar trends in determining genetic distance estimates and detecting composite-specific alleles in the S4 lines. These results highlight the potential of improved reciprocal composites as sources of new and divergent parents for developing productive hybrids and as sources of novel alleles for broadening and diversifying the genetic base of adapted germplasm to sustain genetic gain in productivity of hybrids in WCA. © 2015, Consiglio per la Ricercame la sperimentazione in Agrcoltura. All rights reserved.	Agronomic performance; Maize; Reciprocal composites; S4 lines; SNP; SSR; Testcrosses	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-45349108989	On-farm evaluation and consumer acceptability study of selected tetraploid Musa hybrid in Ghana	Dzomeku B.M., Armo-Annor F., Adjei-Gyan K., Ansah J., Nkakwa A., Darkey S.K.	2008	Journal of Plant Sciences	3	2	None	Crops Research Institute, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana; World Vision Ghana, Assin- Foso, Ghana; Bioversity International, Douala, Cameroon	Dzomeku, B.M., Crops Research Institute, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana; Armo-Annor, F., World Vision Ghana, Assin- Foso, Ghana; Adjei-Gyan, K., World Vision Ghana, Assin- Foso, Ghana; Ansah, J., World Vision Ghana, Assin- Foso, Ghana; Nkakwa, A., Bioversity International, Douala, Cameroon; Darkey, S.K., Crops Research Institute, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana	An agronomic study was conducted to evaluate three Musa hybrids (BITA-3 - cooking banana, FHIA-21 and CRBP-39- both hybrid plantains) with five hundred farmers in the two Assin districts in the Central region of Ghana. At harvest sensory evaluation was carried out on the three hybrids for use as fufu, ampesi and ripe fried plantain to access their acceptability at four locations in the two districts. The results showed that there was no significant difference (p<0.05) between the numbers of leaves at flowering among the hybrids across the locations. The hybrids showed superiority over the local check in terms of number of functional leaves from flowering to harvest. All the hybrids (FHIA-21, CRBP 39, BITA-3 and FHIA-25) exhibited stable performance in yield and growth characteristics across the locations. FHIA-25 was however late maturing (18-20 months) whereas BITA-3 was early maturing (10-12 months). Nevertheless, the bunch weight (40-50 kg) of FHIA-25 could be said to have compensated for the long crop cycle. Daughter sucker production by FHIA-25 was also low (two daughter suckers at flowering). BITA-3 was roboust and sturdy with pseudostem girth of 60 cm carrying an average bunch weight of 25 kg. All the hybrids were resistant to the black Sigatoka disease. These results suggested that the performance of the hybrids was not influenced by the seasons or locations. It implies that under good management practices, farmers would be assured of good yields irrespective of time or season of planting so long as there is adequate supply of moisture. The results of the sensory evaluation indicated that there were no significant differences (p<0.01) between FHIA-21 and CRBP-39 and the local Apantu across the location, across the parameters and the recipes assessed. FHIA-21 and CRBP-39 were the most prefened and compared favourably with the local triploids (Apantu and Apem) with BITA-3 the least preferred. The hybrids were accepted for ripe fried plantain at stages 3 and 4 of ripening. Beyond these stages of ripening, the hybrids could only be used for other processed food recipes. © 2008 Academic Journals Inc.	Agronomy; Musa hybrids; Sensory evaluation	Musa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79952187358	Study on seroprevalence, risk factors, and economic impact of foot-and-mouth disease in Borena pastoral and agro-pastoral system, southern Ethiopia	Bayissa B., Ayelet G., Kyule M., Jibril Y., Gelaye E.	2011	Tropical Animal Health and Production	43	4	10.1007/s11250-010-9728-6	Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 34, Debre zeit, Ethiopia; National Veterinary Institute (NVI), P.O. Box 19, Debre zeit, Ethiopia	Bayissa, B., Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 34, Debre zeit, Ethiopia; Ayelet, G., National Veterinary Institute (NVI), P.O. Box 19, Debre zeit, Ethiopia; Kyule, M., Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 34, Debre zeit, Ethiopia; Jibril, Y., Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 34, Debre zeit, Ethiopia; Gelaye, E., National Veterinary Institute (NVI), P.O. Box 19, Debre zeit, Ethiopia	Cross-sectional serological study and questionnaire survey were conducted in Borana pastoral and agro-pastoral area to determine seroprevalence and risk factors associated with foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) infection and to assess community perceptions as to importance of the disease. A multistage random sampling was carried out to select cattle for seroprevalence and households for interviews. Totally, 768 sera were collected from 111 herds. The overall individual level seroprevalence of 23.0% (n=177) and herd level seroprevalence of 58.6% (n=65) were recorded using 3ABC ELISA test. The variation of individual level seroprevalence in districts were statistically significant (P < 0.05) which was 29.9% in Arero, 24.0% in Yabello, and 15.7% in Teltele. From multivariate logistic regression analysis, herd size and age were seen to be significantly (P < 0.05) associated with FMD seroprevalence. The result of the questionnaire survey based on 120 respondents indicated that, the daily milk yield of cows infected with FMD during outbreaks is reduced to an average of 0.5 L for 25.5 days while cows developing heat-intolerance syndrome after acute infection gave an average 0.67 L for 3.8 months and their calving interval prolonged about 12 months. The questionnaire survey in agro-pastoral area of Borena also indicated that FMD-infected oxen remained off-plough for one season when outbreaks occur in cropping time, whereas heat-intolerant oxen were no longer used for traction. These findings of the present study indicated that FMD is a highly prevalent and economically important disease in the Borana pastoral and agro-pastoral production systems which need effective control strategy for the disease. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Agro-pastoral and pastoral; Economic impact; Foot-and-mouth disease; Risk factors; Seroprevalence; Southern Ethiopia	virus antibody; animal; animal disease; animal husbandry; article; blood; cattle; cattle disease; cross-sectional study; economics; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; epidemic; epidemiology; Ethiopia; female; foot and mouth disease; Foot and mouth disease virus; human; immunology; male; milk; prevalence; questionnaire; risk factor; Animal Husbandry; Animals; Antibodies, Viral; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Cross-Sectional Studies; Disease Outbreaks; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Ethiopia; Female; Foot-and-Mouth Disease; Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus; Humans; Male; Milk; Prevalence; Questionnaires; Risk Factors; Seroepidemiologic Studies; Bos	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77649210111	Economic assessment of the performance of trypanotolerant cattle breeds in a pastoral production system in Kenya	Maichomo M.W., Kosura W.O., Gathuma J.M., Gitau G.K., Ndung'u J.M., Nyamwaro S.O.	2009	Journal of the South African Veterinary Association	80	3	None	Trypanosomiasis Research Centre, Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, PO Box 362, Kikuyu, Kenya; Department of Agricultural Economics, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, University of Nairobi, PO Box 29053, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Public Health, Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, University of Nairobi, PO Box 29053, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Clinical Studies, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, University of Nairobi, PO Box 29053, Nairobi, Kenya; Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Labouratories, PO Box 14733, Nairobi, Kenya; Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics, 71 Avenue Louis Casai, 1216 Cointrin, Switzerland; Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Kiboko Research Centre, PO Box 12-90138, Makindu, Kenya	Maichomo, M.W., Trypanosomiasis Research Centre, Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, PO Box 362, Kikuyu, Kenya; Kosura, W.O., Department of Agricultural Economics, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, University of Nairobi, PO Box 29053, Nairobi, Kenya; Gathuma, J.M., Department of Public Health, Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, University of Nairobi, PO Box 29053, Nairobi, Kenya; Gitau, G.K., Department of Clinical Studies, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, University of Nairobi, PO Box 29053, Nairobi, Kenya; Ndung'u, J.M., Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Labouratories, PO Box 14733, Nairobi, Kenya, Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics, 71 Avenue Louis Casai, 1216 Cointrin, Switzerland; Nyamwaro, S.O., Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Kiboko Research Centre, PO Box 12-90138, Makindu, Kenya	Cattle are the major source of food security and income for pastoral farmers in sub-Saharan Africa. However, infectious and parasitic diseases remain a major constraint to improved cattle productivity in the region. The use of animal health economics to support decision-making on cost-effective disease control options is increasingly becoming important in the developing world. Trypanotolerant indigenous Orma/zebu cattle in a trypanosomosis-endemic area of Kenya were evaluated for economic performance using gross-margin analysis and partial-farm budgeting. Orma/zebu and Sahiwal/zebu cross-bred cattle were exposed to similar husbandry practices and monitored for growth rate, incidence of common infections (trypanosomosis, anaplasmosis, babesiosis, East Coast Fever and helminthosis) and the cost of treatment assessed. Interview questionnaires were also used to assess the preference rating of the 2 breeds. Results indicated that incidence of infection was trypanosomosis 3 %, anaplasmosis 58 %, babesiosis 11 %, East Coast Fever 22 % and helminthosis 28 %, with no significant difference between breeds. The Orma/zebu and Sahiwal/zebu breeds had comparable economic benefits, hence a pastoralist in Magadi division is likely to get similar returns from both breeds. This study therefore recommends adoption of not only the Sahiwal/zebu but also the Orma/zebu breed for cattle improvement in trypanosomosis endemic areas and conservation of indigenous genetic resources.	Agro-pastoralists; Gross-margin analysis; Orma/zebu; Partial-farm budget analysis; Sahiwal/zebu; Trypanotolerance	anaplasmosis; article; babesiosis; budget; cattle; cattle farming; conservation genetics; East Coast fever; economic evaluation; endemic disease; growth rate; helminthiasis; interview; Kenya; nonhuman; questionnaire; Trypanosoma; animal; breeding; cost benefit analysis; cross breeding; economics; female; genetic predisposition; genetics; immunology; innate immunity; male; nagana; species difference; Animalia; Bos; antitrypanosomal agent; Animals; Breeding; Cattle; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Crosses, Genetic; Female; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Immunity, Innate; Kenya; Male; Species Specificity; Trypanocidal Agents; Trypanosomiasis, Bovine	None
None	None	Seasonal changes in nutritional status and reproductive performance of Zebu cows kept under a traditional agro-pastoral system in Tanzania	Kanuya N.L., Matiko M.K., Nkya R., Bittegeko S.B.P., Mgasa M.N., Reksen O., Ropstad E.	2006	Tropical Animal Health and Production	38	6	10.1007/s11250-006-4419-z	Department of Veterinary Surgery and Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania; Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Oslo, Norway	Kanuya, N.L., Department of Veterinary Surgery and Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania; Matiko, M.K., Department of Veterinary Surgery and Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania; Nkya, R., Department of Veterinary Surgery and Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania; Bittegeko, S.B.P., Department of Veterinary Surgery and Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania; Mgasa, M.N., Department of Veterinary Surgery and Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania; Reksen, O., Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Oslo, Norway; Ropstad, E., Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Oslo, Norway	The objectives of this study were to assess changes in nutritional status/body condition score, percentage pregnancy and calving rate in Zebu cows and to establish the relationship between body condition score loss and postpartum interval to resumption of ovarian activity. A total of 198 cows and postpubertal heifers of the Tanzanian Shorthorn Zebu kept under a traditional management system were randomly selected from 200 smallholder herds. Factors investigated during bi-weekly visits include body condition score (BCS), heart-girth circumference, milk yield and reproductive status of the animals, pregnancy/non-pregnancy and cyclicity/non-cyclicity. Local weather conditions and dates of occurrence of other reproductive events such as calving were also recorded. Calvings occurred all year round but with a strong seasonal distribution characterized by annual peaks observed between April and July. The annual calving pattern was closely related to rainfall, with peak precipitation occurring a few months before peak calving. The overall percentage pregnancy varied from 30% to 50% throughout the year. Postpartum cows exhibited minimum mean BCS and heart-girth circumference 12-14 weeks after calving, and cows with BCS loss >1 point exhibited the longest time interval from calving to onset of ovarian activity. © 2006 Springer Science + Business Media B.V.	Agro-pastoral system; Body condition score; Reproductive performance; Zebu cows	rain; animal; animal food; article; body constitution; cattle; estrus cycle; female; nutritional status; physiology; pregnancy; pregnancy rate; puerperium; reproduction; season; Tanzania; time; Animal Nutrition Physiology; Animals; Body Constitution; Cattle; Estrous Cycle; Female; Nutritional Status; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Rate; Rain; Reproduction; Seasons; Tanzania; Time Factors; Animalia; Bos indicus	None
None	None	Growth performance and carcass characteristics of Tanzania Shorthorn Zebu cattle finished on molasses or maize grain with rice or maize by-products	Asimwe L., Kimambo A.E., Laswai G.H., Mtenga L.A., Weisbjerg M.R., Madsen J., Mushi D.E.	2015	Livestock Science	182	None	10.1016/j.livsci.2015.11.001	Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania; Department of Animal Science, Au Foulum, Aarhus University, Blichers Alle 20, Tjele, Denmark; Department of Larger Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark	Asimwe, L., Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania; Kimambo, A.E., Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania; Laswai, G.H., Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania; Mtenga, L.A., Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania; Weisbjerg, M.R., Department of Animal Science, Au Foulum, Aarhus University, Blichers Alle 20, Tjele, Denmark; Madsen, J., Department of Larger Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark; Mushi, D.E., Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania	Forty five steers (2.5-3.0 years of age and 200±5 (SEM) kg body weight) were allotted randomly into five diets to assess the effects of finishing Tanzania Shorthorn Zebu (TSZ) cattle in feedlot using diets based on either molasses or maize grain combined with maize or rice by-products. The diets were hay and concentrate mixtures of hominy feed with molasses (HFMO), rice polishing with molasses (RPMO), hominy feed with maize meal (HFMM), rice polishing with maize meal (RPMM) and a control of maize meal with molasses (MMMO). All concentrate mixtures contained cotton seed cake, mineral mixture, salt and urea. Both hay and concentrate were fed ad libitum and with free access to drinking water for 90 days. Feed intake, body weights and carcass characteristics were recorded. The daily total dry matter intake (DMI, kg/day) was greater (P<0.05) in molasses based diets (7.64 for RPMO and 7.35 for HFMO) than in maize grain based diets (6.94, 6.73 and 6.19 for RPMM, MMMO and HFMM, respectively). Energy intake was highest (P<0.05) in HFMO (86 MJ/day) and lowest in RPMM (69 MJ/day). Crude protein intake was highest in HFMO (867 g/day) and lowest in RPMO (725 g/day). Feed conversion ratio (kg feed DMI/kg gain) was lower (P<0.05) for steers fed on HFMM (7.87) and HFMO (8.09) than those fed on MMMO (10.4), RPMM (11.0) and RPMO (11.5). Steers fed on HFMO had the highest (P<0.05) daily weight gain (919. g/day), total weight gain (83. kg), final live weight (283. kg), empty body weight (268. kg) and hot carcass weight (151. kg). The proportion of internal fat to empty body weight (2.7%) in steers fed on HFMO was higher (P<0.05) than those from other diets. Nevertheless, all carcasses showed relatively high fat cover (1.1-1.6. cm). It is concluded that agro-processing by products are good feed resources for finishing TSZ cattle in feedlots with formulations based on molasses being superior over those based on maize meal, and hominy feed being superior over rice polishing. A combination of molasses and hominy feed (HFMO) could be used successfully as an alternative to maize meal in finishing TSZ cattle in feedlot. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.	Agro-processing by-products; Carcass characteristics; Feedlot; Weight gain	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-32244447844	Evaluation of human liver slices and reporter gene assays as systems for predicting the cytochrome P450 induction potential of drugs in vivo in humans	Persson K.P., Ekehed S., Otter C., Lutz E.S.M., McPheat J., Masimirembwa C.M., Andersson T.B.	2006	Pharmaceutical Research	23	1	10.1007/s11095-005-8812-5	DMPK and Bioanalytical Chemistry, AstraZeneca R and D Mölndal, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden; Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden; Molecular Pharmacology, AstraZeneca R and D Mölndal, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden; Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; African Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, P.O. Box 2294, Harare, Zimbabwe	Persson, K.P., DMPK and Bioanalytical Chemistry, AstraZeneca R and D Mölndal, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden; Ekehed, S., DMPK and Bioanalytical Chemistry, AstraZeneca R and D Mölndal, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden; Otter, C., Molecular Pharmacology, AstraZeneca R and D Mölndal, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden; Lutz, E.S.M., DMPK and Bioanalytical Chemistry, AstraZeneca R and D Mölndal, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden; McPheat, J., Molecular Pharmacology, AstraZeneca R and D Mölndal, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden; Masimirembwa, C.M., DMPK and Bioanalytical Chemistry, AstraZeneca R and D Mölndal, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden, African Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, P.O. Box 2294, Harare, Zimbabwe; Andersson, T.B., DMPK and Bioanalytical Chemistry, AstraZeneca R and D Mölndal, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden, Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden	Purpose. The aim of the study was to investigate the feasibility of predicting human in vivo cytochrome P450 (CYP) induction properties of drugs using in vitro methods. Methods. The CYP induction potential of compounds was tested in human liver slices and in reporter gene assays for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and the pregnane X receptor (PXR). Results. In human liver slices, CYP activities decreased dramatically over the experimental period, whereas mRNA levels could reliably be used to investigate CYP1A, 2C9, and 3A4 induction. However, the interindividual variations and demanding experimentation limit the use of liver slices in screening programs. Reporter gene assays are robust and reliable assays, amenable to high throughput screening. Several compounds activated AhR. The relevance of this activation, however, needs to be further investigated since there are no clear reports on drugs inducing CYP1A in vivo. The results from the PXR assay could be used to correctly classify compounds with known CYP3A induction properties when relating in vivo AUCtot to PXR EC50 values. Conclusions. Liver slices are a valuable model to study the regulation of a larger number of enzymes by single compounds. The PXR reporter gene assay could be used as a reliable screening method to predict CYP3A induction in vivo. © 2006 Springer Science + Business Media, Inc.	AhR; CYP induction; Human liver slices; In vitro-in vivo correlation; PXR; Reporter gene assay	2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzo para dioxin; aromatic hydrocarbon receptor; betamethasone; carbamazepine; cimetidine; clotrimazole; cytochrome P450 1A; cytochrome P450 2C9; cytochrome P450 3A; cytochrome P450 3A4; dexamethasone; diazepam; diclofenac; hyperforin; indometacin; lansoprazole; messenger RNA; mevinolin; naproxen; omeprazole; pantoprazole; paracetamol; phenobarbital; phenytoin; pregnane X receptor; primaquine; rifampicin; troglitazone; unindexed drug; warfarin; adult; aged; area under the curve; article; assay; clinical article; controlled study; enzyme regulation; experimentation; female; high throughput screening; human; human cell; human tissue; in vitro study; in vivo study; liver slice; male; prediction; priority journal; protein induction; reporter gene; screening; Aged; Cell Line; Cell Survival; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Enzyme Induction; Evaluation Studies; Female; Genes, Reporter; Humans; Liver; Male; Middle Aged; Organ Culture Techniques; Plant Preparations; Predictive Value of Tests; Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; Receptors, Steroid; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84887059894	Pro-poor development performance of livestock projects: Analysis and lessons from projects' documentation [Résultats en matière de développement pro-pauvres des projets basés sur l'élevage: Analyse et enseignements tirés de la documentation de projets]	Wanyoike F., Baker D.	2013	Development in Practice	23	7	10.1080/09614524.2013.811470	International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya	Wanyoike, F., International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya; Baker, D., International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya	The importance of livestock as a pathway out of poverty is widely recognised, but the effectiveness of pro-poor livestock development projects has been questioned. This study examines a sample of livestock development projects to draw lessons about their effectiveness and identify best practice. A large proportion of projects (60 per cent) were categorised as having not been successful. Project success is found to be positively associated with size of project, diversity of direct project beneficiaries, institution development activities in projects, and effective monitoring and evaluation activities. Lack of reliability of government partners, and inclusion of other agricultural activities together with livestock activities in projects, undermine success. © 2013 Taylor & Francis.	Aid - Aid effectiveness; Labour and livelihoods - Poverty reduction	agricultural development; aid flow; development project; institutional development; livestock farming; poverty	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928486612	Farmer-to-farmer extension: opportunities for enhancing performance of volunteer farmer trainers in Kenya	Kiptot E., Franzel S.	2015	Development in Practice	25	4	10.1080/09614524.2015.1029438	World Agroforestry Centre, Nairobi, Kenya; World Agroforestry Centre and leads the Centre’s research on Rural Advisory Services, Kenya	Kiptot, E., World Agroforestry Centre, Nairobi, Kenya; Franzel, S., World Agroforestry Centre and leads the Centre’s research on Rural Advisory Services, Kenya	Farmer-to-farmer extension (FFE) is playing a complementary role to formal extension services in facilitating the spread of agricultural technologies and improving farmers’ capacities. The effectiveness and sustainability of such programmes depend on volunteer farmer trainers (VFTs) having technical skills and overcoming process-related challenges that hinder them from achieving the desired outcomes. This article uses quantitative and qualitative data collected from seven sites to explore the challenges experienced by VFTs as they share their knowledge on livestock feed innovations in a dairy development project in Kenya. Sustainable opportunities for enhancing VFTs’ performance are discussed. © 2015, © 2015 Taylor & Francis.	Aid – Capacity development; Environment (built and natural) – Agriculture; Labour and livelihoods; Methods; Sub-Saharan Africa	agricultural extension; agricultural technology; farmers knowledge; sustainability; training; voluntary approach; Kenya	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84887039805	The impact of community-based capital cash transfers on orphan schooling in Kenya [L'importance des transferts de capitaux communautaires sur la scolarisation des orphelins au Kenya]	Skovdal M., Webale A., Mwasiaji W., Tomkins A.	2013	Development in Practice	23	7	10.1080/09614524.2013.809697	Institute of Social Psychology, London School of Economics and Political Science, United Kingdom; SECOBA Consultancy, Nairobi, Kenya; Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Development, Nairobi, Kenya; Centre for International Health and Development, Institute of Child Health, University College London, United Kingdom	Skovdal, M., Institute of Social Psychology, London School of Economics and Political Science, United Kingdom; Webale, A., SECOBA Consultancy, Nairobi, Kenya; Mwasiaji, W., Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Development, Nairobi, Kenya; Tomkins, A., Centre for International Health and Development, Institute of Child Health, University College London, United Kingdom	In this article we report on a community-based capital cash transfer initiative (CCCT) in Kenya that sought to mobilise and enable HIV-affected communities to respond to the needs of orphaned and vulnerable children. With bilateral funding, the Social Services Department in Kenya provided 80 communities across ten districts with advice and resources to set up social enterprises for the support of vulnerable children. A wide range of food and income generating activities were initiated by the communities, whose produce or profits contributed to the improved school attendance and performance of orphaned children, particularly amongst girls. We conclude that CCCT is a viable strategy for improving orphan schooling in sub-Saharan Africa. © 2013 Taylor & Francis.	Aid - Capacity development, - Monitoring and evaluation; Civil society - Participation, - Partnership; Gender and diversity - Youth; Sub-Saharan Africa	capital flow; child welfare; civil society; humanitarian aid; local participation; orphan; Kenya	DFID, Department for International Development
Scopus	2-s2.0-84859588001	'Unconditional aid': Assessing the impact of China's development assistance to Zimbabwe	Hodzi O., Hartwell L., de Jager N.	2012	South African Journal of International Affairs	19	1	10.1080/10220461.2012.670435	University of Osnabrueck, Germany; Department of Political Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Political Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa	Hodzi, O., University of Osnabrueck, Germany; Hartwell, L., Department of Political Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa; de Jager, N., Department of Political Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa	China's development assistance to Africa has attracted varied criticisms from academics, Western governments and international donor organisations. The main criticisms have been directed at the lack of good governance conditions on its development assistance to African governments and its dealings with countries under sanction or isolation from the international community, owing to poor governance, human rights abuses and/or corruption. Using the case of Zimbabwe in the current period, the impact of China's development assistance on its prospects for sustainable development is assessed. Since 2000 Zimbabwe has experienced a crisis of governance leading to socio-economic and political decline. This crisis has arguably been exacerbated by China's varied assistance to the Robert Mugabe regime, as well as China's protection of the regime in the United Nations Security Council. It is argued that without encouraging good governance, and managing this relationship for the benefit of Zimbabwe, Harare will not see the gains from development assistance that will lead to the sustainable development of Zimbabwe as a whole. © 2012 The South African Institute of International Affairs.	Aid; China; Development; Governance; MDC-T; Transition; ZANU-PF; Zimbabwe	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-61349151743	Mitigating the impact of HIV and AIDS on rural livelihoods in Southern Africa	Mutangadura G.B., Sandkjaer B.	2009	Development in Practice	19	2	10.1080/09614520802689477	United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, Southern Africa Office, Lusaka, Zambia; UNECA, Sustainable Development Division, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Mutangadura, G.B., United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, Southern Africa Office, Lusaka, Zambia; Sandkjaer, B., UNECA, Sustainable Development Division, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	A variety of interventions to mitigate the increasing impact of the HIV and AIDS epidemic on smallholder agricultural production and food security are currently implemented in sub-Saharan Africa. However, documentation and dissemination of such interventions is limited and patchy. Building on emerging experiences from the field, this article seeks to move beyond charting the impacts of HIV and AIDS on rural livelihoods to review existing mitigation policies and programmes, identify the challenges to mitigation, and provide suggestions for future mitigation strategies and policy priorities. The experiences cited in the article are mainly drawn from the hardest-hit regions in Southern and Eastern Africa, but they provide useful lessons for AIDS-affected rural communities in other contexts. The main conclusion is that, as current initiatives are to a large extent ad hoc and localised, there is a need for documentation, dissemination, and scaling up of existing interventions, as well as greater coherence and co-ordination in policies and programmes to extend their reach and make the most of limited resources.	Aid; Civil society; Labour and livelihoods; Social sector; Sub-Saharan Africa	acquired immune deficiency syndrome; civil society; epidemic; food security; health impact; human immunodeficiency virus; policy implementation; rural society; strategic approach; Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84893077280	The Impact of Aid and Public Investment Volatility on Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa	Museru M., Toerien F., Gossel S.	2014	World Development	57	None	10.1016/j.worlddev.2013.12.001	University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa	Museru, M., University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa; Toerien, F., University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa; Gossel, S., University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa	This study investigates the effects of aid inflows and the volatility of public investment on economic growth in 26 Sub-Saharan African countries over the period from 1992 to 2011. Three volatility variables comprising aid, government revenue, and public investment are incorporated into an aid-growth model to test for their effect on economic growth. Using the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) technique and averaged data for five four-year sub-periods, we show that although foreign aid has a positive impact on growth once potential endogeneity has been accounted for, aid effectiveness may have been eroded by volatility in public investment. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.	Aid; Economic growth; Public investment; Sub-Saharan Africa; Volatility	aid flow; economic growth; international aid; investment; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
WoS	WOS:000275402800005	Rural Poverty Dynamics and Impact of Intervention Programs upon Chronic and Transitory Poverty in Northern Ethiopia	Deckers, Jozef,Haile, Mitiku,Mathijs, Erik,Nega, Fredu,Nyssen, Jan,Tollens, Eric	2010	AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT REVIEW-REVUE AFRICAINE DE DEVELOPPEMENT	22	1	None	Ghent University, KU Leuven, Mekelle University	"Deckers, Jozef: KU Leuven","Mathijs, Erik: KU Leuven","Nega, Fredu: Mekelle University","Nyssen, Jan: Ghent University","Tollens, Eric: KU Leuven"	P&gt;Using a three-year panel data set of rural households in the Tigray region of northern Ethiopia, we examine the dynamics of poverty and the impact of two intervention measures-the food for work (FFW) and the food security package (FSP) programs-upon poverty by disaggregating total poverty into its transient and chronic components. Poverty in the region is predominantly chronic. Results of matching estimators indicate that the FSP program has a significant negative effect on total and chronic poverty, but not on transient poverty. Households involved in the program have on average lower levels of total and chronic poverty than households not involved in the program. The FFW on the other hand does not significantly influence any of the three forms of poverty. Tertile regressions, however, reveal that the FFW benefits households in the richest and the middle tertiles.	,AID,FOOD-FOR-WORK,GETS,MOBILITY	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84874255771	Using participatory impact diagrams to evaluate a community development project in Kenya [Utilisation des diagrammes d'impact participatives pour évaluer un projet de développement communautaire au Kenya]	Kariuki J., Njuki J.	2013	Development in Practice	23	1	10.1080/09614524.2013.753031	International Livestock Research Institute, Kenya	Kariuki, J., International Livestock Research Institute, Kenya; Njuki, J., International Livestock Research Institute, Kenya	Participatory approaches for impact assessment are increasingly becoming popular with development organisations for engaging multiple stakeholders. We present our use of participatory impact diagrams as an evaluation tool within a mixed methods impact assessment of several drought-reduction interventions in Kenya. Results show that because men and women have different roles, their experiences of interventions vary. We discuss how this methodology encouraged communities to describe various intervention outcomes including unintended impacts, often overlooked by conventional impact assessment approaches. Methodological challenges included the integration of quantitative data; opportunities for its application within the wider discipline of monitoring and evaluation are considered. © 2013 Copyright International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI).	Aid - Monitoring and evaluation; Aid - Aid effectiveness; Gender and diversity; Methods; Monitoring and evaluation; Sub-Saharan Africa	aid organization; assessment method; community development; development aid; drought; gender; monitoring; participatory approach; stakeholder; Kenya	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84870887566	The impacts of AIDS movements on the policy responses to HIV/AIDS in Brazil and South Africa: A comparative analysis	Nunn A., Dickman S., Nattrass N., Cornwall A., Gruskin S.	2012	Global Public Health	7	10	10.1080/17441692.2012.736681	Division of Infectious Diseases, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, United States; Division of Infectious Diseases, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, United States; Center for Social Science Research, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa; Keck School of Medicine, Gould School of Law, Institute for Global Health, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States	Nunn, A., Division of Infectious Diseases, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, United States; Dickman, S., Division of Infectious Diseases, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, United States; Nattrass, N., Center for Social Science Research, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa; Cornwall, A., Division of Infectious Diseases, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, United States; Gruskin, S., Keck School of Medicine, Gould School of Law, Institute for Global Health, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States	Brazil and South Africa were among the first countries profoundly impacted by the HIV/AIDS epidemic and had similar rates of HIV infection in the early 1990s. Today, Brazil has less than 1% adult HIV prevalence, implemented treatment and prevention programmes early in the epidemic, and now has exemplary HIV/AIDS programmes. South Africa, by contrast, has HIV prevalence of 18% and was, until recently, infamous for its delayed and inappropriate response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic. This article explores how differing relationships between AIDS movements and governments have impacted the evolving policy responses to the AIDS epidemic in both countries, including through AIDS programme finance, leadership and industrial policy related to production of generic medicines. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.	AIDS; AIDS movements; Brazil; civil society; health policy; HIV; South Africa	generic drug; acquired immune deficiency syndrome; article; Brazil; comparative study; epidemic; health care policy; health program; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; priority journal; South Africa; Brazil; Drug Industry; Female; Health Policy; Health Services Accessibility; HIV Infections; Humans; Leadership; Male; Patient Advocacy; South Africa	None
WoS	WOS:000258761700016	Macroeconomic and household-level impacts of HIV/AIDS in Botswana	Jefferis, Keith,Kinghorn, Anthony,Siphambe, Happy,Thurlow, James	2008	AIDS	22	None	None	International Food Policy Research Institute, University of Botswana, Econsult Botswana, Hlth & Dev Africa	"Siphambe, Happy: University of Botswana","Thurlow, James: International Food Policy Research Institute",	Objective: To measure the impact of HlV/AIDS on economic growth and poverty in Botswana and estimate how providing treatment can mitigate its effects. Methods: Demographic and financial projections were combined with economic simulation models, including a macroeconomic growth model and a macro-microeconomic computable general equilibrium and microsimulation model. Results: HlV/AlDS significantly reduces economic growth and increases household poverty. The impact is now severe enough to be affecting the economy as a whole, and threatens to pull some of the uninfected population into poverty. Providing antiretroviral therapy can partly offset this negative effect. Treatment increases health's share of government expenditure only marginally, because it increases economic growth and because withholding treatment raises the cost of other health services. Conclusion: Botswana's treatment programme is appropriate from a macroeconomic perspective. Conducting macroeconomic impact assessments is important in countries where prevalence rates are particularly high. (C) 2008 Wolters Kluwer Health. Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins.	AIDS,"ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY",BOTSWANA,"macroeconomic impact",POVERTY,AIDS,GROWTH	None	None
WoS	WOS:000254928900015	The impact of monitoring HIV patients prior to treatment in resource-poor settings: Insights from mathematical modelling	Dube, Sabada,Garnett, Geoff P.,Gregson, Simon,Hallett, Timothy B.	2008	PLOS MEDICINE	5	3	10.1371/journal.pmed.0050053	Imperial College London, Biomed Res & Training Inst	"Dube, Sabada: Imperial College London","Garnett, Geoff P.: Imperial College London","Hallett, Timothy B.: Imperial College London",	Background The roll-out of antiretroviral treatment ( ART) in developing countries concentrates on finding patients currently in need, but over time many HIV-infected individuals will be identified who will require treatment in the future. We investigated the potential influence of alternative patient management and ART initiation strategies on the impact of ART programmes in subSaharan Africa. Methods and Findings We developed a stochastic mathematical model representing disease progression, diagnosis, clinical monitoring, and survival in a cohort of 1,000 hypothetical HIV-infected individuals in Africa. If individuals primarily enter ART programmes when symptomatic, the model predicts that only 25% will start treatment and, on average, 6 life-years will be saved per person treated. If individuals are recruited to programmes while still healthy and are frequently monitored, and CD4(+) cell counts are used to help decide when to initiate ART, three times as many are expected to be treated, and average life-years saved among those treated increases to 15. The impact of programmes can be improved further by performing a second CD4(+) cell count when the initial value is close to the threshold for starting treatment, maintaining high patient follow-up rates, and prioritising monitoring the oldest ( &gt;= 35 y) and most immune- suppressed patients ( CD4(+) cell count &lt;= 350). Initiating ART at higher CD4(+) cell counts than WHO recommends leads to more life-years saved, but disproportionately more years spent on ART. Conclusions The overall impact of ART programmes will be limited if rates of diagnosis are low and individuals enter care too late. Frequently monitoring individuals at all stages of HIV infection and using CD4(+) cell count information to determine when to start treatment can maximise the impact of ART.	,AIDS,"ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY",DISEASE,"HIV-1-INFECTED PATIENTS","INCOME COUNTRIES","INFECTED ADULTS","LYMPHOCYTE COUNTS",PROGRESSION,UGANDA,ZIMBABWE	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-38149031631	Early effects of antiretroviral therapy on work performance: Preliminary results from a cohort study of Kenyan agricultural workers	Larson B.A., Fox M.P., Rosen S., Bii M., Sigei C., Shaffer D., Sawe F., Wasunna M., Simon J.L.	2008	AIDS	22	3	10.1097/QAD.0b013e3282f3cc0c	Center for International Health and Development, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; United States Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; Center for International Health and Development, Boston University, 85 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, United States	Larson, B.A., Center for International Health and Development, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States, Center for International Health and Development, Boston University, 85 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, United States; Fox, M.P., Center for International Health and Development, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States; Rosen, S., Center for International Health and Development, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States; Bii, M., Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Sigei, C., Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Shaffer, D., United States Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; Sawe, F., Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Wasunna, M., Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Simon, J.L., Center for International Health and Development, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States	OBJECTIVE: This paper estimates the impact of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on days harvesting tea per month for tea-estate workers in Kenya. Such information is needed to assess the potential economic benefits of providing treatment to working adults. METHODS: Data for this analysis come from company payroll records for 59 HIV-infected workers and a comparison group of all workers assigned to the same work teams (reference group, n = 1992) for a period covering 2 years before and 1 year after initiating ART. Mean difference tests were used to obtain overall trends in days harvesting tea by month. A difference in difference approach was used to estimate the impact of HIV/AIDS on days working in the pre-ART period. Information on likely trends in the absence of the therapy was used to estimate the positive impacts on days harvesting tea over the initial 12 months on ART. RESULTS: No significant difference existed in days plucking tea each month until the ninth month before initiating ART, when workers worked -2.79 fewer days than references (15% less). This difference grew to 5.09 fewer days (27% less) in the final month before initiating ART. After 12 months on ART, we conservatively estimate that workers worked at least twice as many days in the month than they would have in the absence of ART. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment had a large, positive impact on the ability of workers to undertake their primary work activity, harvesting tea, in the first year on ART. © 2008 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.	AIDS; Antiretroviral therapy; HIV; Kenya; Work performance	antiretrovirus agent; absenteeism; adult; agricultural worker; article; controlled study; female; harvesting; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; job performance; Kenya; major clinical study; male; priority journal; tea; Absenteeism; Adult; Agriculture; Anti-HIV Agents; Cohort Studies; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Kenya; Male; Prevalence; Tea	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84871690641	Impact of timing of antiretroviral therapy initiation on survival of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions: A cohort analysis from South Africa	Zeier M.D., Nachega J.B., Van Der Merwe F.H., Eshun-Wilson I., Van Schalkwyk M., La Grange M., Mason D., Louw M., Botha M.H.	2012	International Journal of STD and AIDS	23	12	10.1258/ijsa.2012.012040	Department of Medicine and Centre for Infectious Diseases (CID), Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of International Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Epidemiology, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stellenbosch University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Anatomical Pathology, Stellenbosch University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa	Zeier, M.D., Department of Medicine and Centre for Infectious Diseases (CID), Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; Nachega, J.B., Department of Medicine and Centre for Infectious Diseases (CID), Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa, Department of International Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa, Department of Epidemiology, Baltimore, MD, United States; Van Der Merwe, F.H., Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stellenbosch University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa; Eshun-Wilson, I., Department of Medicine and Centre for Infectious Diseases (CID), Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; Van Schalkwyk, M., Department of Medicine and Centre for Infectious Diseases (CID), Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; La Grange, M., Department of Medicine and Centre for Infectious Diseases (CID), Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; Mason, D., Department of Medicine and Centre for Infectious Diseases (CID), Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; Louw, M., Department of Anatomical Pathology, Stellenbosch University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa; Botha, M.H., Department of International Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa	To determine factors that influence excision treatment outcome and recurrence of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) in women living with HIV infection, we analysed 1848 women who underwent excision treatment of cervical SIL at Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa. We compared treatment failure defined as presence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) I (presence of CIN I or higher at first follow-up after excision treatment) and post-excision recurrence of lesions (at one year or later) between women of HIV-positive, -negative or unknown status and examined factors associated with excision treatment outcome and recurrence. HIV-infected women experienced higher treatment failure than uninfected women (53.8% versus 26.9%, P < 0.001). At treatment failure, more HIV-infected women had low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) compared with uninfected women (64.9% versus 37.3%, P < 0.001). Treatment failure did not differ with the type of excision used in HIV-infected women. HIV-infected women were more likely to experience recurrence of lesions after excision treatment than uninfected women (hazard ratio 1.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.59-2.39; P < 0.001). Antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiated before excision biopsy had a strong protective effect against recurrence (hazard ratio 0.70, 95% CI 0.55-0.89; P = 0.006). Our data suggest that women with cervical SIL initiated on ART earlier may be expected to have better long-term excision treatment outcome. Close follow-up should be maintained after cervical excision treatment, especially in a setting of high HIV prevalence. © SAGE Publications Ltd, 2012.	AIDS; Antiretroviral treatment; CIN; Excision treatment outcome; HIV; HPV; Recurrence; SIL; Squamous intraepithelial lesions; Women	antiretrovirus agent; article; cancer grading; cancer recurrence; female; follow up; hazard ratio; highly active antiretroviral therapy; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; major clinical study; priority journal; South Africa; survival; treatment failure; treatment outcome; uterine cervix carcinoma in situ; Adult; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia; Cohort Studies; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Recurrence; Retrospective Studies; South Africa; Statistics, Nonparametric; Treatment Outcome; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms	None
WoS	WOS:000265567000026	The univariate and bivariate impact of HIV/AIDS on the quality of life: A cross sectional study in the Hubei Province-Central China	Bapumiia, Mustaafa,Jackson, Felicia Williams,Kobelo, Theresia M.,Liu, LI,Mkangara, Ommari Baaliy,Mweri, Saumu Tobbi,Nie, Shaofa,Wang, Chongjian,Xiang, Hao,Xu, Yihua	2009	JOURNAL OF HUAZHONG UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-MEDICAL SCIENCES	29	2	10.1007/s11596-009-0226-x	Agakhan Hosp, Hondros Coll, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol	None	This study is aimed to evaluate the quality of life (QOL) for individuals living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in Hubei province-central China by using WHOQOL-BREF instrument (Chinese version). One hundred and thirty six respondents (HIV/AIDS individuals) attending out-patient department of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese CDC) were administered a structured questionnaire developed by investigators. QOL was evaluated by using WHOQOL-BREF instrument (Chinese version). The results showed that the mean score of overall QOL on a scale of 0-100 was 25.8. The mean scores in 4 domains of QOL on a scale of 0-100 were 82.9 (social domain), 27.5 (psychological domain), 17.7 (physical domain) and 11.65 (environmental domain). The significant difference of QOL was noted in the score of physical domain between asymptomatic (14.6) and early symptomatic individuals (12) (P=0.014), and between patients with early symptoms (12) and those with AIDS (10.43) (P &lt; 0.001). QOL in psychological domain was significantly lower in early symptomatic (12.1) (P &lt; 0.05) and AIDS patients (12.4) (P &lt; 0.006) than in asymptomatic individuals (14.2). The difference in QOL scores in the psychological domain was significant with respect to the income of patients (P &lt; 0.048) and educational status (P &lt; 0.037). Significantly better QOL scores in the physical domain (P &lt; 0.040) and environmental domain (P &lt; 0.017) were noted with respect to the occupation of the patients. Patients with family support had better QOL scores in environmental domain. In our research, QOL for HIV/AIDS individuals was associated with education, occupation, income, family support and clinical categories of the patients. It was concluded that WHOQOL-BREF Chinese version was successfully used in the evaluation of QOL of HIV/AIDS individuals in Chinese population and proved to be a reliable and useful tool.	AIDS,BIVARIATE,"CENTRAL CHINA",HIV,IMPACT,univariate,"WHOQOL-Bref Chinese version",DISEASE,"SOCIAL SUPPORT"	None	None
WoS	WOS:000258862900006	Building capacity for AIDS NGOs in southern Africa: evaluation of a pilot initiative	Hartwig, Kari A.,Humphries, Debbie,Matebeni, Zethu	2008	HEALTH PROMOTION INTERNATIONAL	23	3	10.1093/heapro/dan013	University of Witwatersrand, Yale University	"Humphries, Debbie: Yale University","Matebeni, Zethu: University of Witwatersrand",	In this paper, we present the evaluation results of an AIDS non-governmental organization (NGO) capacity building 20-month pilot initiative in five countries in southern Africa called the NGO Institute. A five-person international team conducted a 2 week evaluation of the pilot in 2004 to assess the strength of the model, designed and funded by Bristol-Myers Squibb Foundation. The NGO Institute functioned through a separate consortium in each country. Results of the pilot indicate variations in adaptation and implementation of the model in each of the five countries. Each consortium took considerable time to develop its own governance and management systems. There were examples of strengthened NGO capacity in each country although it was too soon to establish overall impact. The strengths and weaknesses of this NGO capacity building model are presented along with the implications for other funding agencies and NGOs.	AIDS,"capacity building",evaluation,NGOS,HEALTH,"PREVENTION PROGRAMS"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-71449088918	The impact of a community-based pilot health education intervention for older people as caregivers of orphaned and sick children as a result of HIV and AIDS in South Africa	Boon H., Ruiter R.A.C., James S., Van Den Borne B., Williams E., Reddy P.	2009	Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology	24	4	10.1007/s10823-009-9101-2	Health Promotion Research and Development Unit, Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Work and Social Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands; Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands; Horizons, Population Council, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Work and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, Netherlands	Boon, H., Health Promotion Research and Development Unit, Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa, Department of Work and Social Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands, Department of Work and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, Netherlands; Ruiter, R.A.C., Department of Work and Social Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands; James, S., Health Promotion Research and Development Unit, Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; Van Den Borne, B., Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands; Williams, E., Horizons, Population Council, Johannesburg, South Africa; Reddy, P., Health Promotion Research and Development Unit, Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa	The increasing HIV and AIDS epidemic in South Africa poses a substantial burden to older people, in particular older women who mainly provide care for sick adult children and their grandchildren who have become orphaned and rendered vulnerable by the death or illness of their parents. In this study, 202 isiXhosa speaking older caregivers from Motherwell in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa were trained to provide care for grandchildren and adult children living with HIV or AIDS. Based on a community needs assessment, a health education intervention comprising four modules was designed to improve skills and knowledge which would be used to assist older people in their care-giving tasks. Some topics were HIV and AIDS knowledge, effective intergenerational communication, providing home-based basic nursing care, accessing social services and grants, and relaxation techniques. Structured one-on-one interviews measured differences between pre-intervention and post-intervention scores among those who attended all four modules vs. those that missed one or more of the sessions. The results demonstrated that older people who participated in all four workshops perceived themselves more able and in control to provide nursing care. The participants also showed a more positive attitude towards people living with HIV or AIDS and reported an increased level of HIV and AIDS knowledge. The results provided valuable information upon which the development of future interventions may be based and psychosocial and structural needs of the older caregivers may be addressed by relevant stakeholders. © The Author(s) 2009.	AIDS; Care-giving; HIV; Older people; South Africa	aged; article; attitude to health; caregiver; community care; education; female; health education; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; interview; male; middle aged; mortality; nursing; orphaned child; pilot study; psychological aspect; South Africa; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Caregivers; Child, Orphaned; Community Networks; Female; Health Education; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; HIV Infections; Humans; Interviews as Topic; Male; Middle Aged; Pilot Projects; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79959431630	Impact of HIV/AIDS on the livestock-producing communities of uganda: Case studies of moyo and kashumba sub counties	Lagu C., Mugisha A., Koma L.M.P.K.	2011	Livestock Research for Rural Development	23	6	None	Mbarara Zonal Agriculture Research and Development Institute, P.O.Box 389, Mbarara, Uganda; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Makerere University, Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda	Lagu, C., Mbarara Zonal Agriculture Research and Development Institute, P.O.Box 389, Mbarara, Uganda; Mugisha, A., Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Makerere University, Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Koma, L.M.P.K., Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Makerere University, Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda	The study on the impact of HIV/AIDS on the livestock-producing communities of Uganda was carried out in Kashumba and Moyo sub counties. There was no clear data that supported the impact of HIV/AIDS situation on livestock producing communities as far as labour, decision-making, grazing and watering time and factors that could aggravate HIV/AIDS effects was concerned. Data were collected using semi-structured questionnaire administration, focus group discussion, observation guides for social phenomena and review of secondary data. The study showed that there was reduction in the availability of labour for grazing and watering livestock in both Moyo (χ2=5.200, p=0.023) and Kashumba (χ2=13.958, p= 0.001); There was shift in decision-making and implementation from household heads who have died to surviving household members. There was significant negative changes in livestock grazing and sale of livestock products, Moyo (p= 0.019), (p=0.017), Kashumba (p= 0.009) and (p=0.041) in households affected by HIV/AIDS compared to those none affected. Furthermore, there was reduction in grazing and watering time for livestock activities, Moyo (p=0.005), Kashumba (p=0.003). It was observed generally, that daily animal source foods reduced drastically in the households affected by the HIV/AIDS.The livestock husbandry practices that could aggravate the effects of HIV/AIDS included; rigours of grazing, spraying without protective wears leading to inhalation of the acaricide fumes, and consumption of drug residues in livestock products leading to drug resistance. The livestock plays a key role in household income and employment. The study recommended that livestock sector should plan ahead and work towards AIDS-competent communities in Uganda. This should enhance frequent community baseline assessment, community action strategies, and integrated plan for informing communities timely and effectively. Social cohesion should be strengthened and nutritional education should be directed to vulnerable groups and masses extensively sensitized on drug withdrawal periods, safe spraying and labour saving practices.	Aids competent communities; HIV/AIDS affected households; Labour	Animalia	None
WoS	WOS:000226560400004	The impact of adult mortality and parental deaths on primary schooling in north-western Tanzania	Ainsworth, M,Beegle, K,Koda, G	2005	JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENT STUDIES	41	3	10.1080/0022038042000313318	The World Bank, University of Dar es Salaam	None	Mortality of parents and other adults due to the African AIDS epidemic could reduce children's primary schooling by reducing households' ability to pay fees, raising the opportunity cost of children's time, and leaving orphaned children with guardians who care less about their education than would their parents. This study measures the impact of adult deaths and orphan status on primary school attendance and hours spent at school using a panel household survey from north-western Tanzania, an area hard-hit by the AIDS epidemic. Attendance was delayed for maternal orphans and children in poor households with a recent adult death; there was no evidence that children 7-14 dropped out of primary school due to orphan status or adult deaths. However, among children already attending, school hours were significantly lower in the months prior to an adult death in the household and seemed to recover following the death. In addition, girls sharply reduced their hours in school immediately after losing a parent. Improvements in school quality and better access to secondary education would improve outcomes for all children, including those affected by adult AIDS mortality. Beyond that, public policy needs to focus on the special schooling constraints faced by children affected by adult deaths, both in terms of increased opportunity costs of their time and the psychological impacts, with an eye to how they might be mitigated and at what cost.	,AIDS,COUNTRIES,"HIV-1 INFECTION","KAGERA REGION",PREVALENCE,"RURAL TANZANIA","SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883363370	The impact of human immunodeficiency virus infection on cervical preinvasive and invasive neoplasia in South Africa	Van Bogaert L.-J.	2013	ecancermedicalscience	7	1	10.3332/ecancer.2013.334	National Health Laboratory Service, Polokwane/Mankweng Hospital Complex, University of Limpopo, Polokwane 0700, South Africa	Van Bogaert, L.-J., National Health Laboratory Service, Polokwane/Mankweng Hospital Complex, University of Limpopo, Polokwane 0700, South Africa	Objectives: Sub-Saharan Africa is at the epicentre of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic and has the highest incidence of invasive cervical cancer (ICC) in the world. Access to highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) in South Africa is still limited and provided only to nonpregnant women with a CD4+ T-cell count <200 μg/L. We evaluated the relative distribution of cervical preinvasive and invasive neoplasia among HIV-infected (treated or not) and uninfected women in the Limpopo Province of South Africa. Methods: We compared the consecutive biopsy-diagnosed cervical pathology of 1,023 HIV-infected and 1,023 uninfected women. We investigated the influence of the CD4+ T-cell count and of HAART on the relative distribution of cervical pathology. Results: There was a significantly higher proportion of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)1 (P = 0.012) and 2 (P = 0.01) but a lower proportion of ICC (P = 0.015) among HIV-infected women. Patients on HAART had less CIN1 (P = 0.018), 2 (P = 0.18) and ICC (P = 0.019) that their untreated counterparts. The mean CD4 count was similar regardless of cervical lesions and HAART or no treatment. Conclusion: Our data support the concept that HIV-infected women exhibit a higher rate of high-grade preinvasive lesions than uninfected controls. However, they have a significantly lower rate of ICC as compared with uninfected counterparts. The inclusion of ICC among acquired immune deficiency syndrome-defining illnesses is questionable. Copyright: © the authors.	AIDS-defining illness; Cervical neoplasia; HIV; South Africa	article; CD4 lymphocyte count; controlled study; female; highly active antiretroviral therapy; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; human tissue; major clinical study; punch biopsy; risk assessment; South Africa; uterine cervix carcinoma; uterine cervix carcinoma in situ	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84949599715	Development and in vivo evaluation of an implantable nano-enabled multipolymeric scaffold for the management of AIDS dementia complex (ADC)	Harilall S.-L., Choonara Y.E., Tomar L.K., Tyagi C., Kumar P., Du Toit L.C., Modi G., Naidoo D., Iyuke S.E., Danckwerts M.P., Pillay V.	2015	International Journal of Pharmaceutics	496	2	10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.10.025	Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Neurology, Division of Neurosciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Neurosciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Harilall, S.-L., Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Choonara, Y.E., Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Tomar, L.K., Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Tyagi, C., Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Kumar, P., Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Du Toit, L.C., Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Modi, G., Department of Neurology, Division of Neurosciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Naidoo, D., Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Neurosciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Iyuke, S.E., School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Danckwerts, M.P., Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Pillay, V., Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa	This study reports the use of biocompatible and biodegradable polymers for the formulation and design of an implantable multipolymeric drug delivery device (MDDD) for the management of AIDS dementia complex (ADC), a debilitating condition affecting the cognitive, motor and behavioral systems in HIV+ individuals. A 3-factor Box-Behnken statistical design was employed for the optimization of nanoparticle and multipolymeric scaffold formulations. Fifteen formulations were generated using the Box-Behnken template, which were assessed for physicochemical and physicomechanical characterization. The optimised nanoparticle formulation yielded nanoparticles measuring 68.04 nm in size and zeta potential (ZP) of -13.4 mV was calculated for the colloidal system. In an attempt to further retard drug release and to formulate a device for implantation in the frontal lobe of the brain, nanoparticles were dispersed within a multipolymeric matrix. Matrix erosion was calculated at 28% for multipolymeric scaffold and a matrix resilience of 4.451% was observed 30 days post exposure to PBS, indicating slow degradation of the MDDD. In vivo studies showed 12.793 ng/mL and 35.225 ng/mL AZT level in plasma and CSF. In view of the physicomechanical properties, in vitro and in vivo drug release kinetics of MDDD makes it a potential candidate for the management of the ADC. © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	AIDS dementia complex management; Implantable device; Nanoparticles; Polymeric scaffold	molecular scaffold; placebo; polymer; zidovudine; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; antiviral therapy; Article; brain tissue; colloid; controlled study; drug delivery device; drug release; equipment design; frontal lobe; HIV associated dementia; implantable multipolymeric drug delivery device; in vitro study; in vivo study; male; mechanics; nanofabrication; nanopharmaceutics; nonhuman; particle size; physical chemistry; priority journal; process optimization; rat; weight reduction; zeta potential	None
WoS	WOS:000250391300001	The reliability and validity of self-report measures used to evaluate adolescent HIV/AIDS prevention programs in Sub-saharan Africa	Aastrom, Anne N.,Klepp, Knut-Inge,Komro, Kelli A.,Kugler, Karl C.,Masatu, Melkiory,Mnyika, Kagoma S.,Stigler, Melissa H.	2007	AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION	19	5	None	Florida State University System, University of Bergen, University of Florida, University of Minnesota System, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, University of Oslo, Blue Cross Blue Shield Minnesota	None	The use of reliable and valid tools to evaluate theory-based health interventions is widely accepted as critical to the behavioral sciences. However, quite often the psychometric properties of survey instruments used to evaluate behavioral interventions are not published, limiting our understanding of how the theory works. The purpose of this study was to present the results of psychometric analyses on measures used to evaluate an HIV/AIDS prevention program for youth in Tanzania. We first began by pilot-testing a self-administered questionnaire with sixth-and seventh-grade students in nine schools in 11 villages throughout the Kahe ward of Tanzania (n = 524). Theory-based scales tapped into intrapersonal, social and attitudinal factors. Reliability was evaluated by examining internal consistency, while validity was determined by examining content, construct and discriminant validities. The results indicate that the scales constructed are reasonably reliable and valid measures. Use of these measures should be considered when designing, implementing, and analyzing interventions targeting youth in sub-Saharan Africa.	,"AIDS EDUCATION","CONDOM USE",HIV,INTENTIONS,PREDICTORS,"PRIMARY-SCHOOL CHILDREN",RISK,SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR,TANZANIA,YOUTH	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-40549098988	Evaluation of the performance of HIV1 & 2 one-step self-test kit for detection of HIV infection in whole human blood, serum or plasma samples	Ya'aba Y., Mohammed S.B., Oladepo D.K., Odama L.E., Ibrahim K., Izebe K.S., Abdulrahim M.E., Isu N.R., Onoja A.J., Matur M.B., Balogun O.O., Usoroh M., Inyang U.S.	2007	Journal of Phytomedicine and Therapeutics	12	None	None	Department of Microbiology, Human Virology and Biotechnology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD), Idu-Abuja, Nigeria; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Abuja, Nigeria; African Health Project, Abuja, Niger	Ya'aba, Y., Department of Microbiology, Human Virology and Biotechnology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD), Idu-Abuja, Nigeria; Mohammed, S.B., Department of Microbiology, Human Virology and Biotechnology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD), Idu-Abuja, Nigeria; Oladepo, D.K., Department of Microbiology, Human Virology and Biotechnology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD), Idu-Abuja, Nigeria; Odama, L.E., Department of Microbiology, Human Virology and Biotechnology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD), Idu-Abuja, Nigeria; Ibrahim, K., Department of Microbiology, Human Virology and Biotechnology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD), Idu-Abuja, Nigeria; Izebe, K.S., Department of Microbiology, Human Virology and Biotechnology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD), Idu-Abuja, Nigeria; Abdulrahim, M.E., Department of Microbiology, Human Virology and Biotechnology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD), Idu-Abuja, Nigeria; Isu, N.R., Department of Biological Sciences, University of Abuja, Nigeria; Onoja, A.J., African Health Project, Abuja, Nigeria; Matur, M.B., Department of Biological Sciences, University of Abuja, Nigeria; Balogun, O.O., HIV Vaccine Trial Unit, Asokoro District Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria; Usoroh, M., Department of Microbiology, Human Virology and Biotechnology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD), Idu-Abuja, Nigeria; Inyang, U.S., Department of Microbiology, Human Virology and Biotechnology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD), Idu-Abuja, Nigeria	Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is cause by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). It is an enveloped RNA virus belonging to the family of retroviruses responsible for destroying the human immune defence system. HIV antibody testing is critical for the diagnosis and counselling of HIV-infected persons, monitoring of trends in HIV prevalence, and evaluation of the effectiveness of HIV prevention programmes. Serological tests to detect antibodies to HIV became available in 1985, and since then more kits for this test are still being produced. A total of 500 positive and 500 negative samples were screened for HIV antibodies using Genie II HIV 1 & 2(BIO-RAD; 3, Boulevard Raymond Poincare 92430 MARNES LA COQUETTE- FRANCE) and SeroCard™ HIV 1 & 2 Rapid (Trinity Biotech PLC; IDA Business Park Bray Co. Wicklow Ireland.) and were further confirmed using New Lav Blot 1 western blot kit (BIO-RAD; 3, Boulevard Raymond Poincare 92430 MARNES LA COQUETTE- FRANCE). These samples were screened using the HIV1 & 2 one-step self-test kit (Bremancos Diagnostics Inc. BDI with lot Number 0141503) to evaluate its performance. Whole blood, serum or plasma was used for the evaluation. Sensitivity of 99.2% and specificity of 99.8% were observed from the three sets of tests conducted while positive predictive value (PPV) of 0.99 and negative predictive value (NPV) of 0.99 each were calculated. The HIV 1 & 2 one-step-self test kit compared well with Genie II HIV1 & 2 kit and western blot kit for detecting HIV antibodies in patient's samples. Whole blood, plasma or serum can be used for the screening and easy for self test.	AIDS; Genie II HIV1 &2; HIV; HIV1 & 2 one-step-self test; New Lav blot 1; SeroCard™ HIV 1&2 rapid	Human immunodeficiency virus antibody; article; blood analysis; controlled study; counseling; diagnostic kit; diagnostic procedure; human; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; nonhuman; plasma; self evaluation; sensitivity and specificity; serology; serum; Western blotting	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-21544456925	The impact of incident and prevalent herpes simplex virus-2 infection on the incidence of HIV-1 infection among commercial sex workers in South Africa	Ramjee G., Williams B., Gouws E., Van Dyck E., De Deken B., Karim S.A.	2005	Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes	39	3	10.1097/01.qai.0000144445.44518.ea	HIV-1 Prevention Research Unit, Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa; Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, South Africa, Genève, Switzerland; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium; University of Natal, Durban, South Africa; Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States; 16 rue de la Canonnière, 1202 Genève 27, Switzerland	Ramjee, G., HIV-1 Prevention Research Unit, Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa; Williams, B., Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, South Africa, Genève, Switzerland, 16 rue de la Canonnière, 1202 Genève 27, Switzerland; Gouws, E., Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, South Africa, Genève, Switzerland; Van Dyck, E., Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium; De Deken, B., Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium; Karim, S.A., University of Natal, Durban, South Africa, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States	This study investigated the impact of prevalent and incident HSV-2 infection on the incidence of HIV-1 infection in a cohort of female commercial sex workers in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Prior to a vaginal microbicide trial, 416 women were screened for antibodies to HIV-1 and herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) infections and a questionnaire was used to establish behavioral, social, and demographic characteristics. A total of 187 HIV-1-seronegative women were followed up at monthly intervals when blood was drawn and used to detect HIV-1 and HSV-2 antibodies. The median duration of follow-up was 2.2 years. At screening 50% of the women were HIV-1 seropositive and 84% were HSV-2 seropositive. The hazards of HIV-1 among women who were HSV-2 seropositive or seronegative throughout, or among those who seroconverted during the study, were not significantly different. When HSV-2 seroconversion was analyzed as a time-dependent covariate, the hazard ratio for HIV-1 seroconversion was 6.0 (95% CI: 2.6-14.0) times greater among women with incident than among women with prevalent HSV-2 infections. Drawing on other recent studies these data suggest that incident HSV-2 infection increases the risk of HIV-1 infection; the effect wanes with time since infection; and the effect is significantly greater for men than it is for women. Copyright © 2005 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.	AIDS; Herpes simplex virus; HIV; Incidence; Sex worker; South Africa	herpes simplex virus antibody; Human immunodeficiency virus antibody; unclassified drug; virus antibody; adult; antibody detection; article; clinical article; cohort analysis; female; herpes simplex; Herpes simplex virus 2; human; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; incidence; infection risk; male; prevalence; priority journal; prostitution; seroprevalence; South Africa; Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Infective Agents; Female; Herpes Genitalis; Herpesvirus 2, Human; HIV Infections; HIV Seropositivity; HIV-1; Humans; Middle Aged; Nonoxynol; Proportional Hazards Models; Prostitution; Risk Factors; South Africa; Time Factors; Vaginal Creams, Foams, and Jellies	None
WoS	WOS:000306670300012	The adult population impact of HIV care and antiretroviral therapy in a resource poor setting, 2003-2008	Ackers, Marta,Adamu-Zeh, Mirabelle,Broz, Dita,Gargano, Julia W.,Laserson, Kayla,Marston, Barbara,Muttai, Hellen,Nyabiage, Lennah,Odhiambo, Frank,Orimba, Vincent,Owuor, Karen,Sewe, Maquins,Williamson, John	2012	AIDS	26	12	10.1097/QAD.0b013e328353b7b9	CDC Res & Publ Hlth Collaborat, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention - USA, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Kenya Minist Hlth	None	Objective: To describe the population uptake of HIV care including antiretroviral therapy (ART) and its impact on adult mortality in a rural area of western Kenya with high HIV prevalence during a period of rapid HIV services scale-up. Design: Adult medical chart data were abstracted at health facilities providing HIV care/ART to residents of a Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) and linked with HDSS demographic and mortality data. Methods: We evaluated secular trends in patient characteristics across enrollment years and estimated proportions of HIV-positive adult residents receiving care. We evaluated adult (18-64 years) population mortality trends using verbal autopsy findings. Results: From 2003 to 2008, 5421 HDSS-resident adults enrolled in HIV care; 61.4% (n = 3331) were linked to HDSS follow-up data. As the number of facilities expanded from 1 (2003) to 17 (2008), receipt of HIV services by HIV-positive residents increased from less than 1 to 29.5%, and ART coverage reached 64.0% of adults with CD4 cell count less than 250 cells/mu l. The proportion of patients with WHO stage 4 at enrollment decreased from 20.4 to 1.9%, and CD4 cell count testing at enrollment increased from 1.0 to 53.4%. Population-level mortality rates for adults declined 34% for all causes, 26% for AIDS/tuberculosis, and 47% for other infectious diseases; noninfectious disease mortality rates remained constant. Conclusion: The initial years of rapid HIV service expansion coincided with a drop in adult mortality by a third. Continued expansion of population access to HIV clinical services, including ART, and program quality improvements will be necessary to achieve further progress in reducing HIV-related morbidity and mortality. (C) 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins	AIDS/HIV,"ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY",MORTALITY,"POPULATION SURVEILLANCE","COTRIMOXAZOLE PROPHYLAXIS",HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS,INFECTIOUS-DISEASES,MORTALITY,"PROSPECTIVE COHORT","RURAL WESTERN KENYA",SOUTH-AFRICA,TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETHOXAZOLE,UGANDA,"VERB	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34547674873	The uneven impact of AIDS in a polarized society	Marais H.	2007	AIDS	21	SUPPL. 3	10.1097/01.aids.0000279691.76900.8b	PO Box 1363, Gallo Manor 2052, Johannesburg, South Africa	Marais, H.PO Box 1363, Gallo Manor 2052, Johannesburg, South Africa	Literature on the impact of serious AIDS epidemics anticipates severe outcomes, and places special emphasis on the epidemic's likely effects on productive and governance capacities. Implicit in many impact scenarios is the assumption that the effects are distributed more or less uniformly across society, and are channeled 'naturally' through and across sectors. This article examines evidence of the AIDS epidemic's impact at household level, and in the health, education and economic sectors of South Africa. It shows that the epidemic's impact is strongly shaped by the highly unequal distribution of power, entitlement, risk and responsibility in South Africa. The article concludes that many of the costs associated with the AIDS epidemic are being displaced into the lives, homes and neighbourhoods of poorer South Africans, especially black African women - thus deepening poverty trends, as well as reproducing and hardening the polarized character of South African society. Priority steps to remedy these trends are outlined. © 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.	AIDS; HIV; Home-based care; Household; Impact; Inequality; Poverty; Social protection; Women; Workplace	acquired immune deficiency syndrome; article; community care; economic aspect; epidemic; health care cost; health care facility; health care organization; health care personnel; health care system; health service; highly active antiretroviral therapy; home care; hospitalization; household; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; medical literature; morbidity; mortality; outcome assessment; poverty; priority journal; responsibility; risk assessment; social status; society; South Africa; workplace; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Community Health Services; Costs and Cost Analysis; Disease Outbreaks; Educational Status; Female; Home Care Services; Humans; Male; Poverty; Social Environment; Socioeconomic Factors; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84935875127	A program evaluation report of a rapid scale-up of a high-volume medical male circumcision site, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, 2010-2013 Health systems and services in low and middle income settings	Wynn A., Bristow C.C., Ross D., Schenker I., Klausner J.D.	2015	BMC Health Services Research	15	1	10.1186/s12913-015-0904-2	Department of Health Policy and Management, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; St Mary's Hospital, Mariannhill KZN, Johannesburg, South Africa; Operation Abraham Collaborative, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Epidemiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 9911 W Pico Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, United States	Wynn, A., Department of Health Policy and Management, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Bristow, C.C., Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Ross, D., St Mary's Hospital, Mariannhill KZN, Johannesburg, South Africa; Schenker, I., Operation Abraham Collaborative, Jerusalem, Israel; Klausner, J.D., Department of Epidemiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 9911 W Pico Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, United States	Background: Male circumcision can provide life-long reduction in the risk of acquiring HIV infection. In South Africa, the KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Department of Health committed to rolling out circumcision programs to address the HIV epidemic. The Department of Health enlisted the help of St. Mary's Hospital in Mariannhill and the Operation Abraham Collaborative. Methods: St. Mary's Hospital and the Operation Abraham Collaborative partnered to establish a voluntary medical male circumcision facility, called Asiphile, and to train surgeons, nurses and health clinic staff to serve KwaZulu-Natal. Results: Over the course of the implementation period, 9,980 circumcisions were conducted at the Asiphile facility. The uptake numbers increased throughout 2010 and 2011 and began to level off as the demand of early adopters may have been met. Uptake spiked during school vacations and staff training sessions. Additionally, 92 % of clients returned for post-operation follow-up and only 2 % of clients experienced any adverse event. Conclusion: St. Mary's Hospital and the Operation Abraham Collaborative were able to cooperate and successfully implement a voluntary medical male circumcision facility in KwaZulu-Natal. Although uptake was lower than projected, lessons learned from efforts to overcome challenges in recruitment, transportation, and coordination can help inform and improve new and existing population-based male circumcision programs. © 2015 Wynn et al.	AIDS; HIV; Male circumcision; South Africa; Uptake	None	None
WoS	WOS:000263568900008	An evaluation of a brief motivational interviewing training course for HIV/AIDS counsellors in Western Cape Province, South Africa	Engelbrecht, Sarah-Kate,Evangeli, Michael,Forsberg, Lisa,Soka, Nosiphiwo,Swartz, Leslie,Turner, Karen	2009	AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV	21	2	10.1080/09540120802002471	Human Sciences Research Council-South Africa, Karolinska Institutet, Stellenbosch University, University of Cape Town, Independent Educ Consultant	"Forsberg, Lisa: Karolinska Institutet","Soka, Nosiphiwo: University of Cape Town",	HIV/AIDS counselling in South Africa covers a range of areas of prevention and treatment with a commonly used model of lay counsellors trained by non-governmental organisations and working alongside professionals in public health settings. This study presents a single group evaluation of a six-session (12-hour) course of Motivational Interviewing (MI) delivered to 17 HIV/AIDS lay counsellors working in peri-urban settings in Western Cape Province, South Africa. Counsellors reported that they used MI techniques both at the start and at the end of the training. In addition, they reported confidence in their ability to influence their clients' motivation at both time points. The results from the ratings of role play performance showed that there was a marked change in emphasis over the group of counsellors from MI non-adherent practice before training (with advice giving, directiveness, control and confrontation) to more MI adherent practice (asking permission before giving advice, emphasising client autonomy, affirming the client and stressing the client's responsibility to change) at the end of the training. Only a small proportion of the counsellors reached the level of beginning proficiency (according to the Motivational Interviewing Treatment Integrity code) on the measure of the ratio of MI adherent to non-adherent responses. The ratio of reflections to questions and the percentage of open questions also showed improvements in performance across the group but generally to levels below that suggesting beginning proficiency in MI. There was no evidence of any change on global therapist ratings (of empathy and the spirit of MI, i.e. collaboration, evocation and autonomy support) or the percentage of complex reflections across the group of counsellors. Possible explanations for the results and public health implications are discussed.	AIDS,HIV,"motivational interviewing","SOUTH AFRICA",TRAINING,ADHERENCE,"ASSESSING COMPETENCE",CLINICIAN,CONTROLLED-TRIAL,INTERVENTION,THERAPY	None	None
WoS	WOS:000270529100011	Household impacts of AIDS: using a life course approach to identify effective, poverty-reducing interventions for prevention, treatment and care	Hadingham, Jacqui,Loewenson, Rene,Whiteside, Alan	2009	AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV	21	8	10.1080/09540120802626170	University of Kwazulu Natal, TARSC	"Hadingham, Jacqui: University of Kwazulu Natal","Whiteside, Alan: University of Kwazulu Natal",	A life course approach was used to assess household level impacts and inform interventions around HIV risk and AIDS vulnerability across seven major age-related stages of life. Our focus was sub-Saharan Africa. We provided a qualitative review of evidence from published literature, particularly multicountry reviews on impacts of AIDS, on determinants of risk and vulnerability, and reports of large surveys. Areas of potential stress from birth to old age in households affected by AIDS, and interventions for dealing with these specific stresses were identified. While specific interventions for HIV are important at different stages, achieving survival and development outcomes demands a wider set of health, social security and development interventions. One way to determine the priorities amongst these actions is to give weighting to interventions that address factors that have latent impacts later in life, which interrupt accumulating risk, or that change pathways to reduce the risk of both immediate and later stress. This qualitative review suggested that interventions, important for life cycle transitions in generalised epidemics where HIV risk and AIDS vulnerability is high, lie within and outside the health sector, and suggested examples of such interventions.	"AIDS impacts","intersectoral action","Life course approach",AFRICA,CHILD,EDUCATION,EQUITY,HIV/AIDS,INCLUSION,INDIA,RESPONSES,SUPPORT,WOMEN	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70450255099	The impact of AIDS on intergenerational support in South Africa: Evidence from the cape area panel study	Ardington C., Case A., Islam M., Lam D., Leibbrandt M., Menendez A., Olgiati A.	2010	Research on Aging	32	1	10.1177/0164027509348143	University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States; Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States; Population Studies Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48106, United States; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States	Ardington, C., University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Case, A., Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States; Islam, M., Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States; Lam, D., Population Studies Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48106, United States; Leibbrandt, M., University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Menendez, A., University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Olgiati, A., Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States	This study uses panel data from Cape Town to document the role played by aging parents in caring for grandchildren who lose parents due to illnesses such as AIDS. The authors quantify the probabilities that older adults and their adult children provide financial support to orphaned grandchildren. The authors find significant transfers of public and private funds to older adults caring for orphans. Perhaps because of these transfers the authors find no differences in expenditure patterns between households with orphans and other older adult households. They also find no impact of either the death of a child or taking in orphaned grandchildren on adult well-being as measured by ability to work, depression, or self-reported health. Findings suggest that the combined public and private safety net in South Africa mitigates many of the consequences older adults could suffer when an adult child dies and leaves behind grandchildren needing care. © The Author(s) 2010.	AIDS; Intergenerational support; Orphans; South Africa	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953397096	Impact of immunosuppression on radiographic features of HIV related pulmonary tuberculosis among Nigerians	Desalu O.O., Olokoba A., Danfulani M., Gambo Z., Salawu F., Damburam A., Midala J.	2009	Turk Toraks Dergisi	10	3	None	Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria; Department of Radiology Usman Dan Fodio, University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria; Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria; Departmen	Desalu, O.O., Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria; Olokoba, A., Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria; Danfulani, M., Department of Radiology Usman Dan Fodio, University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria; Gambo, Z., Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria; Salawu, F., Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria; Damburam, A., Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria; Midala, J., Department of Hematology, Federal Medical Centre Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria	Objective: The impact of immunosuppression on radiographic manifestation of HIV related pulmonary tuberculosis among Nigerians was studied. Material and Method: We recruited 127 cases of HIV related pulmonary tuberculosis at the Federal Medical Centre Yola Adamawa state, Nigeria. Demographic information, smoking history and results of sputum smear for AAFB, chest radiographic findings and blood CD4 counts were obtained. Subjects were subdivided into two groups: Group I (CD4 count &lt; 200cell/mm3) and Group II (CD4 count ≥ 200cell/mm3). Results: Of the 127 subjects, 74 were males and 53 were females. The mean age of the subjects was 35.1±8.4 years and the mean CD4 count was 166±100 cell/mm3. There were 93(73.2%) in Group I and 34(26.8%) in Group II. Mediastinal lymphadenopathy, middle and lower lung zone involvement, bilateral lung involvement, miliary or disseminated patterns as well as normal chest radiographs were found more frequently in Group I. Cavitations, upper lung zone involvement, pleural effusion and bilateral lung infiltrate were found more frequently in Group II. Conclusion: Severe immunosuppression was significantly associated with atypical radiological findings of TB, while mild immunosuppression was significantly associated with typical pulmonary tuberculosis. The physician needs to be aware of the impact of immunosuppression on radiographic manifestation of HIV related pulmonary tuberculosis.	AIDS manifestation; HIV; Immunosuppression; Nigerians; Radiographic; Tuberculosis	acid fast bacterium; adult; article; CD4 lymphocyte count; cigarette smoking; controlled study; disease association; disease severity; female; human; human cell; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; immune deficiency; lung cavitation; lung infiltrate; lung tuberculosis; lymphadenopathy; major clinical study; male; mediastinum lymph node; miliary tuberculosis; Nigeria; pleura effusion; sputum smear; thorax radiography	None
WoS	WOS:000259630400027	The impact of universal access to antiretroviral therapy on HIV stigma in Botswana	Heisler, Michele,Iacopino, Vincent,Korte, Fiona Percy-de,Leiter, Karen,Phaladze, Nthabiseng,Steward, Wayne T.,Weiser, Sheri D.,Wolfe, William R.	2008	AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH	98	10	10.2105/AJPH.2007.122044	University of Botswana, University of California San Francisco, University of California System, University of Michigan, University of Michigan System, University of Minnesota System, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Vet Affairs Ann Arbor Hlth Syst	"Iacopino, Vincent: University of Minnesota System","Iacopino, Vincent: University of Minnesota Twin Cities","Phaladze, Nthabiseng: University of Botswana","Steward, Wayne T.: University of California San Francisco","Steward, Wayne T.: University of California System","Weiser, Sheri D.: University of California San Francisco","Weiser, Sheri D.: University of California System","Wolfe, William R.: University of California San Francisco","Wolfe, William R.: University of California System",	Objectives. We sought to examine the impact of treatment access on HIV stigma in Botswana 3 years after the introduction of a national program of universal access to antiretroviral therapy. Methods. We studied the prevalence and correlates of HIV stigma in a population-based study of 1268 adults in Botswana in 2004. We used multivariate logistic regression to assess correlates of stigmatizing attitudes and a new measure, anticipated HIV stigma. Results. Overall, 38% of participants had at least 1 stigmatizing attitude: 23% would not buy food from a shopkeeper with HIV; 5% would not care for a relative with HIV. Seventy percent reported at least 1 measure of anticipated stigma: 54% anticipated ostracism after testing positive for HIV, and 31% anticipated mistreatment at work. Perceived access to antiretroviral therapy was strongly and independently associated with decreased odds of holding stigmatizing attitudes (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=0.42; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.24, 0.74) and of anticipated stigma (AOR=0.09; 95% CI=0.03, 0.30). Conclusions. Our findings suggest that antiretroviral therapy access may be a factor in reducing HIV stigma. Nevertheless, the persistence of stigmatizing attitudes and significant anticipated stigma suggest that HIV stigma must be a target for ongoing intervention.	,"AIDS-RELATED STIGMA",ATTITUDES,BARRIERS,BELIEFS,CHILDREN,"HIV/AIDS-RELATED STIGMA",KNOWLEDGE,PREVALENCE,SERVICES,SOUTH-AFRICA	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84901313398	The Failure of Cross-country Regression Analysis in Measuring the Impact of Foreign Aid	Collodel A.G., Kotzé D.A.	2014	Journal of Developing Societies	30	2	10.1177/0169796X14525527	Department of Development Studies, UNISA, South Africa	Collodel, A.G.; Kotzé, D.A., Department of Development Studies, UNISA, South Africa	Foreign aid is publicly motivated by a moral obligation to help the poor and develop underdeveloped countries. Despite the vast amount of foreign aid spent annually to address the poverty of millions of people and the economic decline of underdeveloped countries, very little headway has been made. First, this article argues that aid does not work in isolation and many variables influence growth and development and thus the impact of foreign aid; and second that cross-country regression analysis is an inappropriate method to measure the effectiveness of aid. It emphasizes that the methodology used to measure the impact of foreign aid is too generalist. It concludes that foreign aid cannot be treated as a homogenous entity that works equally in all countries in all types of environment and across all times. There is an urgent need to develop a new methodology for measuring the effectiveness of foreign aid. © 2014 SAGE Publications.	aid variables; country case study; cross-country regression analysis; donor variables; external variables; recipient variables	aid policy; growth and development; international aid; regression analysis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77952293261	Evaluation of airborne lead levels in storage battery workshops and some welding environments in Kumasi metropolis in Ghana	Dartey E., Adimado A.A., Agyarko K.	2010	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment	164	42373	10.1007/s10661-009-0869-x	Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Faculty of Agriculture Education, University of Education, Winneba, Ghana	Dartey, E., Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana, Faculty of Agriculture Education, University of Education, Winneba, Ghana; Adimado, A.A., Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Agyarko, K., Faculty of Agriculture Education, University of Education, Winneba, Ghana	Airborne lead levels were assessed in nine workshops, three each from battery, electronic repair, and welding sources within the Kumasi Metropolis in Ghana. Samples were collected at 0, 2.5, and 5.0 m away from the emission source at the workshops during working hours and another at 5.0 m during break hours. Airborne lead particulates were collected and analyzed using the filter membrane technique and flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry, respectively. There were significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) among the air lead levels from the workshops. Workshop 3b produced the highest significant values of air lead concentrations of 2,820.31 ± 53.89, 2,406.74 ± 71.87, 754.55 ± 72.52, and 549.01 ± 67.30 μg/m3 at distances of 0, 2.5, 5.0, and 5.0 m (break-time measurement), respectively, while workshop 1w significantly produced the lowest air lead concentration values of 261.06 ± 21.60, 190.92 ± 36.90, 86.43 ± 16.26, and 61.05 ± 3.88 μg/m3 at distances of 0, 2.5, 5.0, and 5.0 m (break-time measurement), respectively. The air lead levels reduced with distance from emission source at the workshops. At all the distances of measurement at working hours, the airborne lead levels were higher than the World Health Organization standard of 50 μg/m3 and exceeded the threshold limit values of 100 to 150 μg/m3 recommended in most jurisdictions. Workers and people in the immediate environs were exposed to air lead levels that were too high by most international standards, thus posing a serious threat to their health. © 2009 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Airborne lead; Filter membrane technique; Flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry; Jurisdictions; Threshold limit values	Airborne lead; Emission sources; Filter membrane; Flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry; International standards; Lead concentration; Storage battery; Threshold limit values; Working hours; World Health Organization; Absorption; Atoms; Electric batteries; Electric power supplies to apparatus; Flammability; Health risks; Spectrophotometry; Time measurement; Welding; Lead; lead; atomic absorption spectroscopy; emission; filter; health impact; health risk; lead; occupational exposure; pollution exposure; spectrophotometry; air analysis; air sampling; article; atomic absorption spectrometry; battery industry; concentration (parameters); controlled study; electronics industry; environmental exposure; Ghana; health hazard; occupational exposure; standard; welding; work schedule; world health organization; Air Pollutants; Electric Power Supplies; Environmental Monitoring; Ghana; Lead; Spectrophotometry, Atomic; Ashanti; Ghana; Kumasi	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84926362899	Evaluation of forecasting models for air cargo	Klindokmai S., Neech P., Wu Y., Ojiako U., Chipulu M., Marshall A.	2014	International Journal of Logistics Management	25	3	10.1108/IJLM-05-2013-0049	School of Management, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Virgin Atlantic Cargo, Gatwick, United Kingdom; Faculty of Management, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa	Klindokmai, S., School of Management, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Neech, P., Virgin Atlantic Cargo, Gatwick, United Kingdom; Wu, Y., School of Management, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Ojiako, U., Faculty of Management, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa; Chipulu, M., School of Management, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Marshall, A., School of Management, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom	Purpose - Virgin Atlantic Cargo is one of the largest air freight operators in the world. As part of a wider strategic development initiative, the company has identified forecasting accuracy as of strategic importance to its operational efficiency. This is because accurate forecast enables the company to have the right resources available at the right place and time. The purpose of this paper is to undertake an evaluation of current month-to-date forecasting utilized by Virgin Atlantic Cargo. The study employed demand patterns drawn from historical data on chargeable weight over a seven-year-period covering six of the company's routes. Design/methodology/approach - A case study is carried out, where a comparison between forecastingmodels is undertaken using error accuracymeasures. Data in the form of historical chargeable weight over a seven-year-period covering six of the company's most profitable routes are employed in the study. For propriety and privacy reasons, data provided by the company have been sanitized. Findings - Preliminary analysis of the time series shows that the air cargo chargeable weight could be difficult to forecast due to demand fluctuations which appear extremely sensitive to external market and economic factors. Originality/value - The study contributes to existing literature on air cargo forecasting and is therefore of interest to scholars examining the problems of overbooking. Overbooking which is employed by air cargo operators to hedge against no-show bookings. However, the inability of air cargo operators to accurately predict cargo capacity unlikely to be used implies that operators are unable to establish with an aspect of certainty their revenue streams. The research methodology adopted is also predominantly discursive in that it employs a synthesis of existing forecasting literature and real-life data for accuracy analysis. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Air cargo; Air industry; Evaluation; Forecasting; Modelling; Operations	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892394385	Prioritisation of performance indicators in air cargo demand management: An insight from industry	May A., Anslow A., Wu Y., Ojiako U., Chipulu M., Marshall A.	2014	Supply Chain Management	19	1	10.1108/SCM-07-2013-0230	School of Management, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Cargo Systems Development, Virgin Atlantic Airways Ltd, Crawley, United Kingdom; University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa; Southampton Management School, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom	May, A., School of Management, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Anslow, A., Cargo Systems Development, Virgin Atlantic Airways Ltd, Crawley, United Kingdom; Wu, Y., University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Ojiako, U., University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa; Chipulu, M., School of Management, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Marshall, A., Southampton Management School, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom	Purpose: Real operational data are used to optimise the performance measurement of air cargo capacity demand management at Virgin Atlantic Cargo by identifying the best KPIs from the range of outcome-based KPIs in current use. Design/methodology/approach: Intelligent fuzzy multi-criteria methods are used to generate a ranking order of key outcome-based performance indicators. More specifically, KPIs used by Virgin Atlantic Cargo are evaluated by experts against various output criteria. Intelligent fuzzy multi-criteria group making decision-making methodology is then applied to produce rankings. Findings: A useful ranking order emerges from the study albeit with the important limitation that the paper looked solely at indices focussing exclusively on outcomes while ignoring behavioural complexity in the production of outcomes. Originality/value: This paper offers a practical overview of the development of performance measures useful for air cargo capacity demand management. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Air cargo; Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision; KPIs; Logistics; Modelling; Revenue management	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-53949114420	Performance trends of an air-cooled steam condenser under windy conditions	van Rooyen J.A., Kröger D.G.	2008	Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power	130	2	10.1115/1.2771567	Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	van Rooyen, J.A., Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Kröger, D.G., Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Air-cooled steam condensers (ACSCs) are increasingly employed to reject heat in modern power plants. Unfortunately, these cooling systems become less effective under windy conditions and when ambient temperatures are high. A better understanding of the fundamental air flow patterns about and through such ACSCs is essential if their performance is to be improved under these conditions. The present numerical study models the air flow field about and through a particular ACSC. The performance of the fans is modeled with the aid of a novel numerical approach known as the "actuator disc model." Distorted air flow patterns that significantly reduce fan performance in certain areas and recirculatory flows that entrain hot plume air are found to be the reasons for poor ACSC performance. It is found that the reduction in fan performance is the main reason for the poor ACSC performance while recirculation of hot plume air only reduces performance by a small amount. Copyright © 2008 by ASME.	Air-cooled steam condensers; Distorted air flow; Performance; Recirculation; Windy conditions	Air; Condensers (liquefiers); Cooling; Cooling systems; Electric power plants; Flow patterns; Numerical analysis; Power plants; Steam power plants; Air-cooled steam condensers; Distorted air flow; Performance; Recirculation; Windy conditions; Steam condensers	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84872120234	Experimental evaluation and predictive control of an air-cored linear generator for direct-drive wave energy converters	Vermaak R., Kamper M.J.	2012	IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications	48	6	10.1109/TIA.2012.2221671	Distribution Division, Eskom Holdings SOC Ltd., Bellville 7530, South Africa; Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa	Vermaak, R., Distribution Division, Eskom Holdings SOC Ltd., Bellville 7530, South Africa; Kamper, M.J., Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa	Direct-drive wave energy converters using linear generators (LGs) are attractive due to their high efficiency and reliability. Air-cored LGs, in particular, are receiving increasing attention due to the elimination of attraction forces between the stator and translator and the resulting reduction in structural mass. In this paper, details of the construction of a novel air-cored LG are presented. A custom test rig is constructed for testing the LG, particularly with zero overlap between its stator and translator at the stroke ends. Predictive control for maximum power transfer from the generator is first proposed and tested as a sensorless alternative to methods employing linear position feedback and electromotive force (EMF) estimation with sense coils. The control strategy is verified through simulation and measurements. It is also shown that allowing for zero stator-translator overlap at the stroke ends can improve the power-to-weight ratio compared to complete stator-translator overlap during the entire stroke. © 1972-2012 IEEE.	Air cored; direct drive (DD); linear generator (LG); predictive control; sensorless control; wave energy	Air-cored; Direct drive; Linear generators; Predictive control; Sensor less control; Wave energy; Electromotive force; Wave energy conversion; Stators	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650744045	Improvement of performance efficiency of a hydrocyclone with design modification by suppressing air core	Sripriya R., Suresh N., Chakraborty S., Meikap B.C.	2011	Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering	28	1	10.1007/s11814-010-0344-y	R and D Division, Tata Steel, Jamshedpur 831003, India; Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad, India 826004 Jharkhand, India; Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharaghpur 721302, India; School of Chemical Engineering, Howard College, University of Kwazulu-Natal, King George Avenue, Durban 4041, South Africa	Sripriya, R., R and D Division, Tata Steel, Jamshedpur 831003, India; Suresh, N., Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad, India 826004 Jharkhand, India; Chakraborty, S., Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharaghpur 721302, India; Meikap, B.C., Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharaghpur 721302, India, School of Chemical Engineering, Howard College, University of Kwazulu-Natal, King George Avenue, Durban 4041, South Africa	Hydrocyclones have been used for beneficiation of coal and mineral in coal washeries and mineral process industries. To enhance the efficiency of hydrocyclone, it is very essential to quantify the presence or absence of air core within the hydrocyclone. In the present study, for the first time, a new hydrocyclone design has been conceptualized and tested for its efficiency in separation of particles based on gravity. Experimental investigations have been carried out using design of experiments and the results have been analyzed statistically. The results have shown that suppressing the air core improves the separation efficiency of the hydrocyclone. Efforts have been made to explain the concept through fundamentals of fluid flow in hydrocyclone. The air core has a significant effect on particle separation as the relative density of the particles approach to the fluid density. The results will be used in the development of a new design of dense medium hydrocyclone at industrial scale that will improve the separation efficiency of the hydrocyclones by separating the near gravity particles more efficiently. © 2010 Korean Institute of Chemical Engineers, Seoul, Korea.	Air Core; Dense Medium Cyclone; Density Tracers; Hydrocyclone; Particle Separation; Separation Efficiency	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84870182563	The impact of aircraft noise exposure on South African children′s reading comprehension: The moderating effect of home language	Seabi J., Cockcroft K., Goldschagg P., Greyling M.	2012	Noise and Health	14	60	10.4103/1463-1741.102963	Department of Psychology, School of Education, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, South Africa	Seabi, J., Department of Psychology, School of Education, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, South Africa; Cockcroft, K., Department of Psychology, School of Education, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, South Africa; Goldschagg, P., Department of Psychology, School of Education, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, South Africa; Greyling, M., Department of Psychology, School of Education, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, South Africa	Given the limited studies conducted within the African continent, the purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of chronic aircraft noise exposure and the moderating effect of home language on the learners′ reading comprehension. The sample comprised 437 (52%) senior primary learners exposed to high levels of aircraft noise (Experimental group) and 337 (48%) learners residing in a quieter area (Control group). Of these, 151 learners in the Experimental group spoke English as a first language (EFL) and 162 spoke English as a second language (ESL). In the Control group, the numbers were similarly divided (EFL n = 191; ESL n = 156). A univariate General Linear Model was used to investigate the effects of aircraft noise exposure and language on reading comprehension, while observing for the possible impact of intellectual ability, gender, and socioeconomic status on the results. A significant difference was observed between ESL and EFL learners in favor of the latter (F 1,419 = 21.95, P =.000). In addition a substantial and significant interaction effect was found between the experimental and control groups for the two language groups. For the EFL speakers there was a strong reduction in reading comprehension in the aircraft noise group. By contrast this difference was not significant for the ESL speakers. Implications of the findings and suggestions for further research are made in the article.	Aircraft noise; home language; reading comprehension; South Africa	adolescent; aircraft; article; child; cognitive defect; communication disorder; environmental exposure; female; human; language; learning disorder; longitudinal study; male; reading; South Africa; traffic noise; Adolescent; Aircraft; Child; Cognition Disorders; Communication Barriers; Environmental Exposure; Female; Humans; Learning Disorders; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Multilingualism; Noise, Transportation; Reading; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84954168489	Influence of medium particle size on the separation performance of an air dense medium fluidized bed separator for coal cleaning	Mohanta S., Meikap B.C.	2015	Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy	115	8	10.17159/2411-9717/2015/v115n8a13	Department of Chemical Engineering, Indira Gandhi Institute of Technology, Sarang, India; Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India; School of Chemical Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa	Mohanta, S., Department of Chemical Engineering, Indira Gandhi Institute of Technology, Sarang, India; Meikap, B.C., Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India, School of Chemical Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa	Dry beneficiation of coal by air dense medium fluidized bed is an emerging trend. It is widely believed that the particle size of the medium has a significant effect on the separation efficiency. This investigation demonstrates that medium particle size has a major effect on separation efficiency. Experimental results show that different size fractions of the same feed respond differently to the same size fraction of medium solids. Furthermore, a particular size fraction of feed coal responds differently with different size fractions of medium solids. The Ep values and overall metallurgical performance parameters, obtained from experimental results, clearly indicate the superior performance of an air dense medium fluidized bed separator when using-150+106 μ m magnetite powder as the fluidizing medium. These observations reinforce the importance of sizing the medium particle size for the air dense medium fluidized bed. © 2015 The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy.	Air dense medium fluidized bed; Coal beneficiation; Partition curve; Separation efficiency	Air cleaners; Beneficiation; Coal; Coal industry; Concentration (process); Efficiency; Particle size; Separation; Separators; Size separation; Air dense medium fluidized beds; Coal beneficiation; Dry beneficiation of coals; Fluidizing medium; Metallurgical performance; Partition curves; Separation efficiency; Separation performance; Fluidized beds	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-13944250383	Evaluation of different preservation techniques on the storage potential of Kefir grains	Witthuhn R.C., Cilliers A., Britz T.J.	2005	Journal of Dairy Research	72	1	10.1017/S0022029904000652	Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa	Witthuhn, R.C., Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Cilliers, A., Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Britz, T.J., Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa	[No abstract available]	Air-dried; Freezing; Kefir grains; Lyophilisation; Microbial activity; Refrigeration	alcoholic beverage; animal; article; cattle; cereal; dairying; fermentation; food preservation; methodology; milk; South Africa; Alcoholic Beverages; Animals; Cattle; Cereals; Dairying; Fermentation; Food Preservation; Milk; South Africa; Kefir	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-42549125220	Simulation of airflow in nozzle-ring spinning using computational fluid dynamics: Study on reduction in yarn hairiness and the role of air drag forces and angle of impact of air current	Rengasamy R.S., Patanaik A., Anandjiwala R.D.	2008	Textile Research Journal	78	5	10.1177/0040517507089754	Department of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India; CSIR Material Science and Manufacturing and Fibers and Textiles Competence Area, P.O. Box 1124, Port Elizabeth 6000, South Africa; Department of Textile Science, Faculty of Science, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa	Rengasamy, R.S., Department of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India; Patanaik, A., CSIR Material Science and Manufacturing and Fibers and Textiles Competence Area, P.O. Box 1124, Port Elizabeth 6000, South Africa; Anandjiwala, R.D., Department of Textile Science, Faculty of Science, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa	In this paper we report on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of airflow inside the nozzles used in Nozzle-Ring spinning. Using the CFD, air velocities at different locations of the nozzle were obtained and then drag forces acting on hair and yarn were computed. Z-twisted carded cotton yarns were produced at ring spinning machine with and without placing nozzle. Three nozzles were used, each having air inlets at different axial angle. Using the results of simulation, the role of air drag forces and angle of impact of air current on reduction in yarn hairiness could be explained. Nozzle-Ring yarns had a lower number of S3-hairs than the regular ring yarn. The drag forces played a dominant role in reducing the hairs. The angle of air inlets controlled the impact angle of air on the hair. At very high impact angle, curving of protruding hair was bound to occur during its folding, signifying the difficulty in wrapping the hair over the yarn and, hence, a lower reduction in hairiness. © 2008 Sage Publications.	Airflow; Drag forces; Hairiness; Nozzle-ring; Simulation	Computational fluid dynamics; Drag; Flow of gases; Flow simulation; Nozzles; Spinning (fibers); Drag forces; Hairiness; Nozzle-ring spinning; Yarn; airflow; computational fluid dynamics; computer simulation; cotton yarn; hairiness; nozzle; ring spinning; spinning machine; velocity; z-twist	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960246794	Evaluation of powered charcoal stove by using different biomass	Alakali J.S., Kachataiya G.T., Kucha C.T.	2011	International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering	4	2	None	Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Makurdi, Nigeria	Alakali, J.S., Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Makurdi, Nigeria; Kachataiya, G.T., Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Makurdi, Nigeria; Kucha, C.T., Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Makurdi, Nigeria	A powered stove was designed to utilized biomass effectively, easy ignition and maintain uniform fire, and reduce cooking time. The stove consists of a blower with hand winder and a fuel carrier. Performance evaluation carried out show that boiling time decreased with increased volumetric air flow rate. For air flow rates of 0.13 m 3/s, 0.14 m 3/s, and 0.16 m 3/s, the time to bring 4.5 L of water to boiling point decreased correspondingly from 14 to 12 and to 10 min. This trend was observed for all the biomass used namely wood, corn cobs and charcoal. However in comparing the three biomasses, it took longer time to bring water to boiling point by using charcoal followed by wood and corn cobs in above mentioned order. The percentage heat utilized and fuel efficiency increased with increase in the volumetric air flow rate. There was no significant difference (P≥0.05) in the heat utilization and fuel efficiency of wood, corn cobs and charcoal. The results also show that the specific fuel consumption decreased with air flow rate when yam, rice and beans were cooked. On the other hand, time spent for cooking the items increased significantly (P≤0.05). Also in comparison, the specific charcoal consumption for cooking yam, rice and beans was less followed by wood and corncobs. On the other hand the time spent for cooking the food items was longer by using charcoal followed by wood and corncobs. The results show that when powered the stove performed much better than under natural air flow condition and its efficiency increased with increase in volumetric air flow rate. Corncobs were found to be more suitable replacer of wood for domestic cooking followed by charcoal. The popularization of this stove will alleviate the problem of starting and maintaining fire and reduce over dependence on wood.	Airflow rate; Biomass; Charcoal; Corncobs; Stove; Wood fuel	Dioscorea alata; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77957106815	Computerized condition monitoring of a diesel engine through air inlet filter analysis	Ogbonnaya E.A., Ugwu H.U., Johnson K.T., Johnson C.A.N., Orji C.U.	2010	Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences	5	3	10.3923/jeasci.2010.201.205	Department of Marine Engineering, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture (MOUA), Umuahia, Nigeria; Department of Marine Engineering, Niger D	Ogbonnaya, E.A., Department of Marine Engineering, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Ugwu, H.U., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture (MOUA), Umuahia, Nigeria; Johnson, K.T., Department of Marine Engineering, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Johnson, C.A.N., Department of Marine Engineering, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria; Orji, C.U., Department of Marine Engineering, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	The diesel engine consists of several components which enhance its proactive monitoring. One of these components is the turbocharger unit (compressor and turbine). It was found from this research that the effective and efficient performance of the unit depends mainly on the effectiveness of the air intake filter. The test engine used was an MTU 12V 396 TC 32 diesel engine. This research used computerized condition monitoring to avert failure, unplanned downtime and schedule maintenance, thus increasing the useful life of the engine. Component modeling was adopted as the best means of actualizing this aim. It was carried out for the air intake filter. A software code named "Top A" written in qbasic programming language was developed. The data obtained showed that the intake air differential pressure across the filter decreased at the range of 0.5 bar. The results revealed that the model developed is capable of predicting any blockage the air intake filter may experience. It was found that the measured pressure drop across the filter remained at 0.85 bar for a long time. This means that the performance of the filter was optimum at this pressure. Condition based maintenance philosophy is therefore recommended to be used to increase its reliability and flexibilityof the entire engine. © Medwell Journals, 2010.	Air inlet/intake filter; Computerized condition monitoring; Downtime; Maintenance; Nigeria; Turbocharger unit	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930817131	The impact of willingness to engage in negative electronic word-ofmouth on brand attitude: A study of airline passengers in South Africa	Beneke J., Mill J., Naidoo K., Wickham B.	2015	Journal of Business and Retail Management Research	9	2	None	School of Management Studies, University of Cape Town, South Africa	Beneke, J., School of Management Studies, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Mill, J., School of Management Studies, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Naidoo, K., School of Management Studies, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Wickham, B., School of Management Studies, University of Cape Town, South Africa	Electronic word of mouth (eWOM) has provided consumers with the opportunity to offer their experiences and opinions to other consumers on a global scale. Both traditional word of mouth (WOM) and eWOM have been found to play a major role in determining consumers' behaviour and attitudes towards a brand. Negative eWOM has been found to have a greater impact on consumers than positive eWOM. This study investigated whether the willingness of a frequent flyer to engage in negative eWOM has a significant negative impact on brand attitude. Brand attitude was measured by three components, namely brand trust, brand affect and consumer purchase intent. The study further examined whether willingness to engage in negative eWOM differed between customers of full-service and low-cost carriers. The primary finding of this study revealed that willingness to engage in negative eWOM after a service failure did indeed have a negative impact on frequent flyers' attitude towards the brand. However, no difference was found between the two types of customers. It is believed that this study can assist airline companies in understanding the effect of eWOM after a service failure and, in a scholarly context, goes some way to addressing the dearth of research in this area of enquiry.	Airline; Brand attitude; Negative eWOM; Purchase intent; South africa; Travel	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79952898861	Influence of iron microstructure on the performance of polyacrylic acid as corrosion inhibitor in sulfuric acid solution	Umoren S.A., Li Y., Wang F.H.	2011	Corrosion Science	53	5	10.1016/j.corsci.2011.01.052	State Key Laboratory for Corrosion and Protection, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 62 Wencui Road, Shenyang 110016, China; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Uyo, P.M.B 1017, Uyo, Nigeria	Umoren, S.A., State Key Laboratory for Corrosion and Protection, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 62 Wencui Road, Shenyang 110016, China, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Uyo, P.M.B 1017, Uyo, Nigeria; Li, Y., State Key Laboratory for Corrosion and Protection, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 62 Wencui Road, Shenyang 110016, China; Wang, F.H., State Key Laboratory for Corrosion and Protection, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 62 Wencui Road, Shenyang 110016, China	The corrosion inhibition behavior of bulk nanocrystalline ingot iron (BNII) fabricated from coarse polycrystalline ingot iron (CPII) by severe rolling technique by polyacrylic acid (PAA) was studied in 0.1M H2SO4 using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization techniques. The results indicated that PAA inhibited the acid induced corrosion of both iron specimens, with greater effect noted for BNII. The corrosion inhibiting effect was influenced by the microstructure of the iron samples. Synergistic inhibition effect was observed on addition of iodide ions to PAA in case of CPII while for BNII inhibition efficiency marginally increased. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.	A. Iron; A. Polyacrylic acid; C. Corrosion inhibition; C. Microstructures; C. Nanocrystallization	A. Iron; A. Polyacrylic acid; C. Corrosion inhibition; C. Microstructures; C. Nanocrystallization; Corrosion prevention; Electrochemical corrosion; Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; Ingots; Microstructure; Nanocrystallization; Organic acids; Sulfuric acid; Corrosion inhibitors	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-42649102073	Statistical evaluation of aerosol data from Ben Macdhui mountain, South Africa	Kowalkowski T., Piketh S.J., Cukrowska E.M.	2008	Journal of Environmental Science and Health - Part A Toxic/Hazardous Substances and Environmental Engineering	43	7	10.1080/10934520801959856	School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicholas Copernicus University, Torun, Poland; Climatology Research Group, Faculty of Science, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicholas Copernicus University, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torún, Poland	Kowalkowski, T., School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicholas Copernicus University, Torun, Poland, Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicholas Copernicus University, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torún, Poland; Piketh, S.J., Climatology Research Group, Faculty of Science, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Cukrowska, E.M., School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	The aim of this study is re-evaluation of the data collected during Ben Macdhui High Altitude Trace Gas and Aerosols Transport Experiment (BHATTEX) to identify the dominant species of aerosols and their interactions in the atmosphere. Particularly, investigations of seasonal variations, the origin of sulphates and the formation of the ammonia sulphate were essential topics of this study. Such analyses were done by application of unique combination of supervised and unsupervised learning classification methods. Namely discriminant function analysis (DFA) for simple identification of parameters and principal component analysis (PCA) for the further investigations on hidden structure of data has been applied. The analysis shows that sulphate concentration and C,N isotopic ratios can classify winter and summer patterns of data. Differences between sulphate concentrations in summer and winter samples indicated by second PCA component were probably related to meteorological conditions over that region. The relations between anthropogenic compounds and ammonia or sulphate were much more stronger in summer samples than in winter ones, that is related with seasonal transport of that particles from industry to the investigated regions. The hypothesis of competitive reaction between sulphates, nitrates and ammonia ions has been also proven by application of simple regression analysis. Moreover the analysis of correlations coefficients shows that those relations are independent on seasons. Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.	Air pollution; Ammonia; Classification; Modelling; Sulphate	Air pollution; Ammonia; Discriminant analysis; Principal component analysis; Unsupervised learning; Ammonia sulphate; Discriminant function analysis (DFA); Seasonal variations; Sulphates; Aerosols; ammonia; nitrate; sulfate; aerosol; article; atmosphere; chemical reaction; concentration (parameters); correlation coefficient; discriminant analysis; meteorology; principal component analysis; regression analysis; seasonal variation; South Africa; statistical analysis; structure analysis; summer; winter; Aerosols; Air Pollutants; Altitude; Environmental Monitoring; Geography; Models, Statistical; Seasons; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84888319054	Ozone concentrations and their potential impacts on Vegetation in Southern Africa	Laakso L., Beukes J.P., Van Zyl P.G., Pienaar J.J., Josipovic M., Venter A., Jaars K., Vakkari V., Labuschagne C., Chiloane K., Tuovinen J.-P.	2013	Developments in Environmental Science	13	None	10.1016/B978-0-08-098349-3.00020-7	Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland; Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Cape Point GAW Observatory, ZAFn Weather Service, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Sustainability and Innovation, Environmental Sciences Department, Eskom, Johannesburg, South Africa	Laakso, L., Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland, Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Beukes, J.P., Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Van Zyl, P.G., Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Pienaar, J.J., Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Josipovic, M., Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Venter, A., Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Jaars, K., Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Vakkari, V., Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Labuschagne, C., Cape Point GAW Observatory, ZAFn Weather Service, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Chiloane, K., Sustainability and Innovation, Environmental Sciences Department, Eskom, Johannesburg, South Africa; Tuovinen, J.-P., Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland	The tropospheric ozone concentrations over southern Africa are relatively high due to large precursor emissions from biomass burning, vegetation and anthropogenic sources and the intensity of solar radiation. In this study, we summarize ozone concentration data from both literature and new measurements. Further, we present data on the accumulated vegetation exposure to ozone in terms of the AOT40 index, which is calculated for the sites with hourly ozone and radiation data, with an aim to assess the potential for adverse effects on vegetation. As the seasonal variation of ozone concentrations is large, we discuss the effect of growing season onset on the stomatal gas exchange and the related potential for vegetation impacts. Finally, future research needs are discussed. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.	Air pollution; AOT40; South Africa; Tropospheric ozone; Vegetation impacts	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33847035098	Studies on the impact of municipal waste dumps on surrounding soil and air quality of two cities in northern Nigeria	Elaigwu S.E., Ajibola V.O., Folaranmi F.M.	2007	Journal of Applied Sciences	7	3	None	Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Elaigwu, S.E., Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Ajibola, V.O., Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Folaranmi, F.M., Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Atmospheric pollution from municipal refuse dumps and vehicular traffic are matters of growing interest, often leading to temporary restrictions in urban areas. This study aimed at evaluating bioaccumulation and effects caused by airborne pollutants from refuse dumps. Specimens of the moss Funaria capsularis collected in five sites in the urban areas of Zaria and Kaduna, Nigeria and trace metals (cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, lead and zinc) were measured. The overall results of this exploratory study suggest the utility of F. capsularis as a lower plant for biomonitoring the environmental impact of atmospheric pollution in urban areas. The impact of these dump sites on surrounding soils was also studied. © 2007 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Air pollution; Bioaccumulation; Muncipal dumps; Vehicular exhausts	Airborne pollutants; Atmospheric pollution; Exploratory studies; Muncipal dumps; Municipal refuse dumps; Municipal waste dumps; Northern Nigeria; Surrounding soils; Air pollution; Air quality; Bioaccumulation; Biochemistry; Environmental impact; Copper	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79953129061	Assessment of health impacts of vehicular pollution on occupationally exposed people in Lagos metropolis, Nigeria	Adeleke M.A., Bamgbose J.T., Oguntoke O., Itua E.O., Bamgbose O.	2011	Trace Elements and Electrolytes	28	2	10.5414/TEP28128	Department Environmental Management and Toxicology, University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	Adeleke, M.A., Department Environmental Management and Toxicology, University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Bamgbose, J.T., Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Oguntoke, O., Department Environmental Management and Toxicology, University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Itua, E.O., Department Environmental Management and Toxicology, University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Bamgbose, O., Department Environmental Management and Toxicology, University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	This study assessed the concentration of Nitrogen Oxide (NOx), Sulphur Oxide (SOx), Carbonmonoxide (CO), Benzene, Toluene, MP-Xylene and O-xylene (BTEX,) Total Suspended Particulate, (TSP) and Particulate Matter (PM; PM10 and PM2.5) in the ambient air at selected locations in Lagos, Nigeria. The health impact of these pollutants was investigated among exposed group of people (especially CarbonmonoxyHemoglobin (COHb), and pulmonary function). The health profile of the general populace was also examined for cases of ailments related to air pollution. The mean level of TSP was lowest at Unilag (130.6 ± 44.5 ug/m3) the control, while the highest concentration was measured at Mazamaza (1171.7 ± 355.1 ug/m3) throughout the study period. The CO level measured was in the order of Ikotun (3.40 ± 1.3 ppm) &gt; Ikeja (1.70 ± 0.4 ppm) &gt; Unilag (0.10 ± 0.0 ppm). Mean SO2 concentration ranged with a highest value at Oshodi (116.3 ± 27.3 ppb) to a lowest level at Unilag (9.40 ± 0.9 ppb) while the NO2 concentration ranged from a highest value of (138.6 ± 78.4 ppb) for Oshodi to a lowest value of (8.76 ± 3.0 ppb) for Unilag. The concentration of gaseous pollutants that are linked with cancers; benzene, Toluene, MP-Xylene and O-xylene showed the highest level at Mazamaza. At this location, the concentrations of the pollutants were in the order of 17.58 ± 8.8, 36.92 ± 19.6, 21.57 ± 10.5 and 8.03 ± 3.9 (ppb), respectively. On the other hand, Unilag had the lowest level of each of these pollutants (3.47 ± 3.84, 5.3 ± 6.0; 3.37 ± 3.4 and 1.27 ± 1.5 ppb). ANOVA result showed that each pollutant varied significantly among the selected locations (p &lt; 0.05). The broad-profile of diagnosed health problems among residents that visited public hospitals showed high prevalence of upper respiratory tract infection (45.3%) followed by asthma (18.9%), broncho-pneumonia (14.8%) and pneumonia (5.6%). Formore than 30% of the occupationally exposed, exposure had lasted 6 - 10 y, accounting for the higher concentration of CO (1.18 ± 0.43 ppm) in their breath compared to the control (0.63 ± 0.59 ppm). ©2011 Dustri-Verlag Dr. K. Feistle.	Air pollution; COHb; Health impact; Respiratory diseases; Vehicle emission	benzene; carbon monoxide; carboxyhemoglobin; nitrogen oxide; ortho xylene; sulfur oxide; toluene; xylene; acute sinusitis; adult; air pollution; air quality; article; asthma; bronchitis; bronchopneumonia; chronic bronchitis; controlled study; disease association; health hazard; human; lung function; major clinical study; neoplasm; Nigeria; obstructive airway disease; occupational exposure; particulate matter; pleura effusion; pneumonia; priority journal; suspended particulate matter; tonsillitis; upper respiratory tract infection	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84872618841	Impact of cement factory operations on air quality and human health in Ewekoro Local Government Area, South-Western Nigeria	Oguntoke O., Awanu A.E., Annegarn H.J.	2012	International Journal of Environmental Studies	69	6	10.1080/00207233.2012.732751	Department of Geography Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa; Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Oguntoke, O., Department of Geography Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa; Awanu, A.E., Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Annegarn, H.J., Department of Geography Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa	The concentrations of pollutants associated with cement production and the effects on ambient air and community health were assessed in this study. Suspended particulates were monitored using a Negretti 1000TM air sampler. Additionally, an OgawaTM sampler was employed to assess levels of selected gaseous pollutants at selected sites. To collect data on health status, a questionnaire survey was used for selected neighbouring communities and clinic records for industry workers. The data were analysed with the aid of percentage, variation test, correlation and regression statistics. Mean concentrations of particulate matter of 10 μ (74-338 μg/m3) and 2.5 μ (28-116 μg/m3) were significantly higher than permissible limits (50 μg/m3 and 10 μg/m3) within and around the production plant. At all sites, levels of sulphur dioxide (0.1-12 ppb), nitrogen dioxide (0.1-13 ppb) and carbon monoxide (0.1-1.7 ppm) were below the allowable limits for human exposure. Analysis of variance showed significant spatial variations (p &lt; 0.01) in the concentrations of the monitored pollutants; higher concentrations were monitored at sites in proximity to factory location. The health profile of the factory workers and some residents of neighbouring communities showed high levels of respiratory and skin infections. Enforcement of law with regard to compliance on emissions and creation of a buffer zone around the cement factory would safeguard the environment and human health. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.	Air pollution; Community health; Particulate matter	Air samplers; Ambient air; Buffer zones; Cement production; Community health; Gaseous pollutants; Health status; Human exposures; Human health; Local government areas; Mean concentrations; Nigeria; Nitrogen dioxides; Particulate Matter; Production plant; Questionnaire surveys; Skin infection; Spatial variations; Suspended particulates; Air pollution; Air quality; Carbon monoxide; Cements; Environmental regulations; Fog; Health; Nitrogen oxides; Pollution; Industrial plants	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34548506064	Froth imaging, air recovery and bubble loading to describe flotation bank performance	Barbian N., Cilliers J.J., Morar S.H., Bradshaw D.J.	2007	International Journal of Mineral Processing	84	42373	10.1016/j.minpro.2006.10.009	Royal School of Mines, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa	Barbian, N., Royal School of Mines, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Cilliers, J.J., Royal School of Mines, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Morar, S.H., University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa; Bradshaw, D.J., University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa	Video image analysis and direct sampling of the froth surface were combined to investigate the relationship between different imaging parameters accounting for the structural features of the froth, and the separation efficiency of a flotation bank. The bubble solids loading and the air recovery were measured to introduce a new structural parameter, the froth volumetric mineral loading, additionally a new image analysis measurement, the cross correlation peak, was investigated. Both parameters were shown to be linked to the mobility of the bubbles on the froth surface. The cross correlation peak was found to be closely related to the volumetric mineral loading measured on the froth surface. Both parameters were found to follow a drop in froth stability and mineral attachment down the bank, which resulted in a relatively wetter and less viscous froth, and therefore a higher bubble mobility on the froth surface. As a result, the cross correlation peak was shown to be related to the mineral grade in the concentrate, while further analysis highlighted the possible use of a combination of air recovery and cross correlation peak to give a closer prediction of the bank performance. © 2006.	Air recovery; Bubble loading; Froth flotation; Froth stability; Image analysis	Bubbles (in fluids); Correlation methods; Froth flotation; Image analysis; Imaging systems; Parameter estimation; Viscous flow; Air recovery; Bubble loading; Flotation banks; Froth stability; Surfaces	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84905404882	Mathematical modeling and simulation application to visualize the performance of retrofit heat pump water heater under first hour heating rating	Tangwe S., Simon M., Meyer E.	2014	Renewable Energy	72	None	10.1016/j.renene.2014.07.011	Fort Hare Institute of Technology, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa	Tangwe, S., Fort Hare Institute of Technology, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; Simon, M., Fort Hare Institute of Technology, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; Meyer, E., Fort Hare Institute of Technology, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa	Air source heat pump unlike water and geothermal source heat pumps are widely used in sanitary hot water production by virtue of the relative ease of harvesting, low grade aero-thermal energy and less complexity in operating and maintaining the heat pump unit. This research focused on performance monitoring of 1.2kW air source heat pump, retrofitting a 200L high pressure storage tank and operating under first hour heating rating for seven different climatic conditions. A data acquisition system was designed and built to measure the desired predictors of the power consumption and coefficient of performance of the ASHP water heater. A robust mathematical multiple linear regression models were built and were used in the modeled blocks in the simulation application developed in Simulink of MATLAB. Results indicated that the maximum coefficient of performance was associated with the maximum power consumption of the ASHP water heater. Finally, the simulation application could also be used by ASHP manufacturers and the energy saving company to quantify the energy reduced when geysers are retrofitted by ASHP. Optimization using constrained linear least squares solver in the optimization toolbox was also used to eliminate errors in the measurement from inclusion into the mathematical models. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.	Air source heat pump (ASHP); Coefficient of performance (COP); First hour heating rating (FHHR); Multiple linear regression	Computer simulation; Heating rate; Linear regression; Mathematical models; MATLAB; Measurement errors; Retrofitting; Water heaters; Coefficient of Performance; Constrained linear least squares; Data acquisition system; First hour heating rating (FHHR); Mathematical modeling and simulation; Multiple linear regression models; Multiple linear regressions; Simulation applications; Air source heat pumps; climate conditions; energy conservation; heating; manufacturing; mathematical analysis; numerical model; optimization; performance assessment; temperature effect; visualization	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-82855167106	Performance assessment of Hargreaves model in estimating solar radiation in Abuja using minimum climatological data	Ugwu A.I., Ugwuanyi J.U.	2011	International Journal of Physical Sciences	6	31	10.5897/IJPS11.1403	Physics Department, FCT College of Education, Abuja, Nigeria; Physics Department, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria	Ugwu, A.I., Physics Department, FCT College of Education, Abuja, Nigeria; Ugwuanyi, J.U., Physics Department, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria	Lack of incident solar radiation is a significant impediment for most related research applications. Mathematical models have been handy in reducing challenges being posed by inability of having solar radiation instrumental sites at every point on the Earth. Hargreaves-Samani's model is one of the several empirical methods so far formulated in estimating global solar radiation (GSR) from maximum and minimum temperature data. Most of these models are often been applied in mid-latitudes. The paper attempts to assess the performance of Hargreaves-Samani's model in the Savanna region using Abuja as the case study. Estimated values of GSR from one month data adapted from Nigeria meteorological Agency (NIMET); using Hargreaves' model shows 90% index of agreement (IA) with the observed values; which suggests a good model performance that has significant correction of about 29%. Concepts are suggested on improving the model performance in the savannah region. © 2011 Academic Journals.	Air temperature; Global Solar radiation; Inversion-layer; Model validation	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84895778746	Evaluation of urban residential thermal comfort in relation to indoor and outdoor air temperatures in Ibadan, Nigeria	Adunola A.O.	2014	Building and Environment	75	None	10.1016/j.buildenv.2014.02.007	Department of Architecture, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria	Adunola, A.O., Department of Architecture, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria	A thermal comfort survey was conducted in Ibadan metropolis, Nigeria. Ten percent (12) of the 119 neighbourhoods identified from the metropolitan map were selected by stratified random sampling comprising 2 low, 3 medium and 7 high residential densities. Systematic random sampling was used to select a total of 528 houses within these neighbourhoods for the survey. Indoor and outdoor measurements of air temperature and other relevant climatic elements were carried out in representative buildings within the neighbourhoods. For each selected building, an adult resident filled a questionnaire indicating the indoor thermal response at different periods of the day using the ASHRAE thermal comfort scale. Significant variations of air temperature and thermal response manifested across the residential densities and neighbourhoods. The air temperature variation across the neighbourhoods was found to be influenced by the different neighbourhood characteristics. Maximum values of measured outdoor and indoor temperatures ranged from 34.1°C to 36.9°C and from 32.5°C to 35°C respectively. The reduction in maximum temperatures from outdoor to indoor was in the range of 1.6-1.9°C. The variation of temperature across residential densities was found to affect indoor thermal comfort. It was inferred that the urban microclimate had impact on the indoor comfort of residents. Mean comfort vote was related to indoor and outdoor temperature by linear equations. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.	Air temperature; Thermal comfort; Tropical climate; Urban microclimate	Housing; Space heating; Surveys; Thermal comfort; Air temperature; Air temperature variations; Indoor and outdoor airs; Indoor thermal comfort; Outdoor measurements; Stratified random sampling; Tropical climates; Urban microclimate; Atmospheric temperature; air temperature; building; indoor air; neighborhood; tropical environment; urban climate; Ibadan; Nigeria; Oyo	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77952351799	Exploring the impact of self-directed team learning in an air traffic control environment	Maree J.G., Joubert C.G., Van Der Linde M., Van Staden P.J.	2010	Journal of Psychology in Africa	20	1	None	Faculty of Education, University of Pretoria, 0001 Pretoria, South Africa	Maree, J.G., Faculty of Education, University of Pretoria, 0001 Pretoria, South Africa; Joubert, C.G., Faculty of Education, University of Pretoria, 0001 Pretoria, South Africa; Van Der Linde, M., Faculty of Education, University of Pretoria, 0001 Pretoria, South Africa; Van Staden, P.J., Faculty of Education, University of Pretoria, 0001 Pretoria, South Africa	Experienced military air traffic controllers (25 respondents, males = 15, females = 10, years of experience = less than one year = 5 respondents, more than one year but less than three years = 11 respondents and more than three years = 9 respondents) participated in this study to determine whether self-directed team learning exists within their air traffic control teams and to understand the impact of self-directed team learning on the air traffic control work environment. Data on self-directed team learning and learning approaches were collected using a Self-directed Team Learning Questionnaire (SDTLQ) and a Learning Approaches Questionnaire (LAQ). These data were analysed using an inductive reasoning mode for qualitative data analysis and quantitative data analysis followed a supporting deductive reasoning mode. Triangulation as a technique was used to determine whether multiple sources of data agreed and to obtain better, cross-checked insights (Burgess, 1985). Results revealed that these air traffic controllers and air traffic control teams investigated in the study do indeed function within self-directed working, training and learning environments. The quality of team performance was influenced by self-directed team learning initiatives. Furthermore, the quality of self-directed team learning relied upon the effectiveness of air traffic control team performances.	Air traffic control; Continuation training; Human factors; Self-directed team learning; Teamwork	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84857931469	Evaluation of ventilated underground pit structures for yam (Dioscorea Spp) storage	Nwakonobi T.U., Obetta S.E., Iorwtsav H.	2012	Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology	4	5	None	Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria	Nwakonobi, T.U., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria; Obetta, S.E., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria; Iorwtsav, H., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria	Underground pit structures are commonly employed by farmers for on farm storage of yam (Dioscorea spp) in Nigeria and other parts of developing world. This traditional storage structure is used without provision for adequate air exchange or ventilation. This study investigated the performance of yams stored in underground pit structures provided with air vents. Three experimental pits of similar dimensions were constructed with Pit 1 installed with one PVC vent; Pit 2 had two PVC vents and Pit 3 without vent which served as control. 20 Kg weight of yams was loaded in each pit measuring 1.0 m in diameter and 0.65 m in depth. The results of the study show that a lowest temperature range of 30-38°C was maintained in pit 1 (improved) temperature range of 34-40°C in Pit 2 (semi-improved) while temperature in pit 3 range from 36-42°C. The relative humidity obtained were 84, 76 and 70% in pit 1, 2 and 3 respectively. The sprouting indexes obtained within 8 weeks storage period were 46.2, 53.8 and 76.9 for pit 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The cumulative weight loss obtained in pit 1, 2 and 3 were 44.8, 69.5 and 79.2%, respectively for the 8 weeks storage period. Increased in storage period for yams is possible with adequate ventilation in underground pit structure. © Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2012.	Air-vent; Nigeria; Pit air - thermal properties; Sprouting index; Underground structure; Yam storage	Air exchanges; Air vents; Air-vent; Cumulative weight; Developing world; Dioscorea spp; Nigeria; Pit structures; Sprouting index; Storage periods; Storage structures; Temperature range; Developing countries; Thermodynamic properties; Underground structures; Vents	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80053150203	Geological and geophysical evaluation of the Ajana area's groundwater potential, Southwestern Nigeria [Evaluación geológica y geofísica del potencial de aguas subterráneas de la zona Ajana, el sudoeste de Nigeria]	Ariyo S.O., Folorunso A.F., Ajibade O.M.	2011	Earth Sciences Research Journal	15	1	None	Department of Earth Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria; Department of Geosciences, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Earth Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria	Ariyo, S.O., Department of Earth Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria; Folorunso, A.F., Department of Geosciences, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Ajibade, O.M., Department of Earth Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria	A combined geological and geophysical evaluation was made of the groundwater potential of the Ajana, Remo North area in south-western Nigeria; the geology and other structural features of the rocks there strongly influenced and correlated the aquifers' storability and transmissivity. Geological mapping revealed that the area was made up of granite, quartzite and varieties of gneiss, some of which have good secondary porosity and permeability. Ten vertical electric soundings (VES) stations were established using a Schlumberger electrode array. Five geoelectric layers consisting of topsoil, sand, clayey-sandy, fractured/weathered basement and fresh bedrock were delineated. The aquifer layers were the 38.3m thick 283?m resistivity sand/sandy clay and 55 - 518?m resistivity fractured/weathered basement. Other geoelectric parameters used in evaluating the area's hydrogeological potential included curve type, anisotropy coefficient and reflection coefficient-The QH curve type was predominant in the area. The anisotropy Coefficients suggested VES stations having high groundwater potential ranging from 1.4-1.56; while the reflection coefficients for the area ranged from 0.21-0.99. The overall results showed that VES stations 8, 9 and 10 could be possible groundwater sources having high expected yield.	Ajana; Anisotropy coefficient; Geoelectric layers; Groundwater potential; Mapping; Reflection coefficient	anisotropy; electrical resistivity; electrode; geological structure; geophysical method; groundwater abstraction; porosity; transmissivity; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-65249186432	On the estimation and performance of subset autoregressive integrated moving average models	Ojo J.F., Olatayo T.O.	2009	European Journal of Scientific Research	28	2	None	Department of Statistics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Mathematical Science, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria	Ojo, J.F., Department of Statistics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Olatayo, T.O., Department of Mathematical Science, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria	Significant effort have been made in the study of the theory of subset autoregressive models and subset autoregressive moving average models; but less concerted effort have been made in the theory of subset autoregressive integrated moving average models. This study therefore focuses on the estimation and performance of subset autoregressive integrated moving average models. In this study, subset autoregressive integrated moving average models were compared with full autoregressive integrated moving average models. The parameters of these models were estimated using Marquardt algorithm and Newton-Raphson iterative method and the statistical properties of the derived estimates were investigated. An algorithm was proposed to eliminate redundant parameters from the full order autoregressive integrated moving average models. To determine the performance of the models, residual variance, Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) were adopted. Results revealed that the residual variance attached to the subset autoregressive integrated moving average models is smaller than the residual variance attached to the full autoregressive integrated moving average models. Subset autoregressive integrated moving average models performed better than the full autoregressive integrated moving average models. © EuroJournals Publishing, Inc. 2009.	Akaike information criterion; Bayesian information criterion and residual variance; Marquardt algorithm; Newton-Raphson	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953415633	Impact of heavy metal contamination of Akaki river of Ethiopia on soil and metal toxicity on cultivated vegetable crops	Prabu P.C.	2009	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	8	9	None	Assistant Professor and PG Coordinator (Env.Science), Ambo University College, Ambo, Ethiopia	Prabu, P.C., Assistant Professor and PG Coordinator (Env.Science), Ambo University College, Ambo, Ethiopia	This study was conducted to assess the extent of heavy metal contamination of vegetables due to irrigation with polluted Akaki River water, Ethiopia on agricultural land. Samples of water, soil and different vegetables grown using Akaki River water have been analysed for seven heavy metals Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe and Ni using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results show that the heavy metals in Akaki water were higher than the natural elemental levels in freshwater. The heavy metals content in soil was higher than vegetable samples and the reason might be due to their strong adsorptive nature in soil (vertisol). The concentration of Cr in all vegetables was more than the maximum limit. The Cd accumulation was more in leafy vegetables than other vegetables under study. Metal transfer factors from soil to vegetables were significant for Zn, Mn, Cu, Fe and Cd and accumulation of Cr and Ni was comparatively less while that of Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn is more in vegetable plants.	Akaki water; Heavy metals; Soil; Vegetables and transfer factor	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-57749120271	Evaluation of the suitability of conophor oil for the production of alkyd resins and surface coatings	Asiagwu A.K., Omuku P.E., Okoye P.A.C., Olisa M.A., Ajiwe V.C.E.	2008	Oriental Journal of Chemistry	24	2	None	Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria	Asiagwu, A.K., Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria; Omuku, P.E., Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria; Okoye, P.A.C., Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria; Olisa, M.A., Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria; Ajiwe, V.C.E., Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria	Oil was extracted from Tetraceripidum conophorum nut using solvent extraction method with hexane as solvent. The oil obtained was used to synthesize an alkyd resin, which in turn was utilized in the production of white gloss paints and varnishes. The IR and UV analysis of the oil showed the presence of C=C and C=O, while the Uv and IR examination of the resin revealed the presence of phthalic chain and C=O, C=C bond. The white gloss paint and varnishes produced had the right physical quality such as brushability and good drying time. The oil is a necessary raw material that can be used industrially in the production of essential materials.	Aklyd resins; Conophor oil; Surface coatings	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84881063716	Can environmental performance rating programmes succeed in Africa? An evaluation of Ghana's AKOBEN project	Darko-Mensah A.B., Okereke C.	2013	Management of Environmental Quality	24	5	10.1108/MEQ-01-2012-0003	EcoBank, Accra, Ghana; Department of Geography and Environmental Science, School of Human and Environmental Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom	Darko-Mensah, A.B., EcoBank, Accra, Ghana; Okereke, C., Department of Geography and Environmental Science, School of Human and Environmental Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom	Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to describe and analyse Ghana's AKOBEN programme which is the first environmental performance rating and public disclosure programme in Africa. Furthermore, by means of a SWOT analysis, the article assesses the suitability of AKOBEN as a veritable tool for promoting good environmental governance in Ghana specifically and Africa in general. Design/methodology/approach: The description of the design, scope and operation of the AKOBEN programme is based on 42 semi structured interviews and series of informal interactions with officials of Ghana's Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) - the organisation that runs the AKOBEN project, industry participants, civil society representatives and other stakeholders. This extensive interaction with relevant actors and stakeholders and the analysis of extant literature on environmental disclosure projects provided the basis for a Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threat (SWOT) analysis of Ghana's AKOBEN programme. Findings: AKOBEN possesses several elements that make it capable of being an effective environmental governance tool in Ghana. These include inter alia high level political support, comprehensive rating criteria and transparency in the design of the programme. However, certain weaknesses such as the absence of a specific legal and institutional framework among others could undermine the chances of the programme attaining its full potential. Other African countries can reasonably copy the AKOBEN model with success. Originality/value: Assessment of Africa's first ever environmental rating programme provides insight that can help Ghana to consolidate on the strengths while addressing the weaknesses of the rating programme. Other African governments considering the establishment of a similar rating programme can learn a lot from the analysis of Ghana's EPA's AKOBEN programme. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	AKOBEN Ghana; Environmental management; Environmental performance; Environmental rating; Ghana	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-51949109315	The impact of vehicular fallout on the Pra estuary of Ghana (a case study of the impact of platinum group metals (PGMs) on the marine ecosystem)	Essumang D.K., Dodoo D.K., Adokoh C.K.	2008	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment	145	42372	10.1007/s10661-007-0037-0	Environmental Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana	Essumang, D.K., Environmental Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Dodoo, D.K., Environmental Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Adokoh, C.K., Environmental Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana	It is increasingly being recognised and environmental measurements have demonstrated that Platinum (Pt) (and potentially Rhodium (Rh) and Palladium (Pd)) is released with the ageing of catalytic converters. Platinum is a particular concern as it has a known mutagenic and toxic effect, even at exceedingly low concentrations, in urban air (affecting human health) and urban water (affecting ecosystem health). In the context given above and given the still keen lack of reliable experimental data on the levels of Pd, Pt and Rh in water and sediment, this study determined the concentration of such elements in water and sediment of the Pra estuary in the Western Region of Ghana where it is estimated that more than two thousand cars pass over the bridge under which the river flows to join the sea each day. Elevated concentrations of platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd) and Rhodium (Rh) were found to be associated with water and soils from areas of high traffic densities (Beposo) suggesting that vehicles also contribute heavy metals (PGMs) to the environment. The result showed elevated levels of these metals in river bank, waterbed and in the water. There is therefore the tendency of possible accumulation of these metals in plant and animals along these areas. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2007.	Akotokyir; Beposo; Bosomdo Krobo; Canberra Multi-Channel Analyzer (MCA); Catalytic converters; Kakum; Platinum group metals (PGMs); Pra estuary; Shama Beach	Catalytic converters; Concentration (process); Ecosystems; Heavy metals; Heavy water; Iridium alloys; Metals; Palladium; Platinum; Platinum metals; Rhodium; Rivers; Sedimentation; Sedimentology; Transition metals; Akotokyir; Beposo; Bosomdo Krobo; Canberra Multi-Channel Analyzer (MCA); Case studies; Ecosystem health; Elevated concentrations; Elevated levels; Environmental measurements; Experimental data; Human health; In plants; Kakum; Low concentrations; Marine ecosystems; Platinum group metals; Platinum group metals (PGMs); Pra estuary; River banks; River flows; Shama Beach; Toxic effects; Traffic densities; Urban air; Urban waters; River pollution; heavy metal; palladium; platinum derivative; rhodium; river water; bioaccumulation; concentration (composition); ecological impact; estuarine ecosystem; fallout; palladium; platinum; pollution effect; rhodium; toxicity; traffic emission; urban atmosphere; article; environmental impact; environmental monitoring; estuary; flotation bed; Ghana; marine environment; motor vehicle; riparian ecosystem; soil analysis; soil chemistry; soil quality; water analysis; water content; water flow; water quality; water sampling; Ecosystem; Ghana; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Palladium; Platinum; Rhodium; Seawater; Vehicle Emissions; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Africa; Ghana; Pra Estuary; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Animalia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879700577	Laboratory evaluation of pesticidal activities of hyptis suaveolens in pest management	Olotuah O.F.	2013	International Journal of Agricultural Research	8	2	10.3923/ijar.2013.101.106	Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria	Olotuah, O.F., Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria	The efficacy of use of Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit in the control of three storage pests was evaluated in a laboratory experiment. The experiment was aimed at determining the potency of Hyptis suaveolens as a promising botanical in the control of stored product pests. Thus, fresh, mature and healthy fumigant leaves of Hyptis suaveolens were collected in Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria, chopped into very small sizes and weighed to be 100 g. These leaves were soaked consecutively in 1000 mL each of n-hexane, di-ethyl ether and methanol where the essential oil of the plant was then extracted sequentially through solvent extraction methods. Each level of solvent extraction was maintained for 3 days after which the filtrate was exposed to natural air for 24 h. The methanolic extract was further prepared to obtain concentrations of 100, 75, 50, 25, 10, 5, 4, 3, 2 and 1% which were tested for pesticidal activity against cultures of selected stored product pest species in the laboratory under ambient temperature. The laboratory experiment revealed the high insecticidal capability of H. suaveolens in the control of the insect pests through contact treatment and 100% mortality of Sitophilus oryzae, Sitophilus zeamais and Callosobruchus maculatus in >15 sec of methanolic extract treatment application. © 2013 Academic Journals Inc.	Akungba-akoko; Bio-pesticide; Hyptis suaveolens; Insecticide; Pest management	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-30444450818	Geoelectric evaluation of groundwater potential: A case study of Alagbaka primary school, Akure, Southwest Nigeria	Ayolabi E.A.	2005	Journal of the Geological Society of India	66	4	None	Department of Physics, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria	Ayolabi, E.A., Department of Physics, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria	Vertical electrical sounding consisting of three Wenner array and thirteen Schlumberger array has been carried out at the premises of Alagbaka primary school, Akure Southwest Nigeria. The aquiferous unit in this area is composed of weathered and fractured rocks whose resistivity ranges from 26 to 366 Ωm and thickness of 2.4 to 29.3 m. The isopach shows that the overburden thickens towards the east and is thinnest towards the south. The geological map derived from the coefficient of anisotropy of the underlying rocks shows that the Eastern end underlain by migmatites have coefficient of anisotropy ranging between 1.5 and 2.5 while the southwest, west and northwest side is underlain by charnockites of high (3-7.4) coefficient of anisotropy. The eastern end offers a good prospect for groundwater exploration. © Geol. Soc. India.	Akure; Anisotropy; Geoelectrical study; Groundwater; Southwest Nigeria	anisotropy; aquifer; groundwater resource; vertical electrical sounding; Africa; Akure; Nigeria; Ondo; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84951006349	Environmental impact assessment of two polluting sources on stream in Nigeria	Akinbile C.O., Olugbojo W.O., Olubanjo O.O.	2015	International Agricultural Engineering Journal	17	3	None	Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Malaysia	Akinbile, C.O., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria, Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Malaysia; Olugbojo, W.O., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Olubanjo, O.O., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	The environmental impact of locating two polluting sources of landfill (refuse dump) and petrochemicals on Alaba stream in Akure, Nigeria was assessed. Twenty physio-chemical parameters were analyzed for wet and dry seasons respectively with three sampling points within 5m intervals from one another of the two polluting sources on the stream. The parameters include: colour, odour, taste, pH, temperature, turbidity, alkalinity, conductivity, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) and total solids (TS). Others were chloride (CL-), total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), lead (Pb), nitrate (NO3), sulphate (SO4-2), oil and grease, Escherichia coli (E-coli) and faecal coliform. Some parameters were determined in-situ while others were determined using APHA (2005) standard procedures and results obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. All the samples investigated contained a considerable degree of pollution which asserted the pollution of the stream. The results for dry and wet seasons indicated that the conductivity, 353.33±15.0 and 256.67±26.58, Alkalinity, 52.83±16.0 and 90.90±20.98, DO, 0.33±0.08 and 0.48±0.01mg/l, Turbidity, 57.22±7.15 and 8.10±1.70, BOD, 0.20±0.10 and 0.22±0.11, TDS, 0.18±0.16 and 0.46±0.42. E-coli had values 55.37±7.45 and 8.99±3.23, faecal coliform, 241.50±11.64 and 129.83±35.06 and Pb, 13.72±7.68 and 11.88±5.20 respectively. Others were sulphate, 1298.33±422.52 and 1273.33±423.77, nitrate, 6.40±0.96, chloride, 0.33±0.12. Most of the values (with the exception of pH and alkalinity) were above the maximum permissible levels of FAO, WHO and NSDWQ standards and parameters such as pH, turbidity, DO, BOD, Pb, E-coli and faecal coliform decreased as the distance from the polluting sources increased. Statistical analyses showed significant differences at specific confidence levels while treatment of Alaba stream is required to achieve minimum acceptable level for domestic uses, public awareness on the dangers inherent in polluting the stream should be carried out.	Akure; Landfill; Microbiological parameters; Petrochemical; Physico-chemical parameters; Pollution; Stream	Alkalinity; Biochemical oxygen demand; Chemical analysis; Chlorine compounds; Dissolved oxygen; Environmental impact assessments; Escherichia coli; Land fill; Lead; Nitrates; Petrochemicals; pH; Pollution; River pollution; Statistical methods; Turbidity; Akure; Degree of pollutions; Dry and wet seasons; Micro-biological parameters; Physico - chemical parameters; Stream; Total dissolved solids; Total suspended solids; Environmental impact	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77955827737	The impact of immunization control activities on measles outbreaks in akwa ibom state, South-South, Nigeria	Bassey Enya B., Moses A.E., Udo S.M., Umo A.N.	2010	Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences	9	1	None	Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, University of Uyo, Nigeria	Bassey Enya, B., Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, University of Uyo, Nigeria; Moses, A.E., Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, University of Uyo, Nigeria; Udo, S.M., Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, University of Uyo, Nigeria; Umo, A.N., Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, University of Uyo, Nigeria	Background: The increase of vaccination rates means that fewer children will be vulnerable to vaccine preventable diseases such as measles, which will invariably result in a drop in the infant mortality and morbidity rates. Objective: To assess the impact of the implementation of measles reduction strategies from 2006 to 2008 using the quarterly national program for immunization (NPI) in Akwa Ibom state, Nigeria. Method: Following informed consent, individuals presenting with febrile rash illnesses were routinely bled and tested for measles specific IgM using commercially available ELISA kit-MV-ELISA (Enzygnost; Behring Diagnostics, Marburg, Germany) in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Results: A total of four hundred and four individuals comprising of 216 vaccinated and 188 unvaccinated, presenting with febrile rash illness were screened for measles specific IgM antibodies as indication of active infection between January 2006 and December 2008 out of which 122 (30.2%) had detectable levels of measles antibodies. Among the vaccinated and unvaccinated groups, 32 (14.8%) and 90 (47.9%) respectively were detected with measles IgM antibodies. The highest and lowest antibody levels were detected in 2006 (vaccinated: 54.7%; unvaccinated: 78.4%) and 2008 (vaccinated: 1.2%; unvaccinated: 12%) respectively. The distribution of measles burden by year show an overall decline in prevalence from 70% in 2006, 8.9% in 2007 to 3.7% in 2008. While, children under the age of 5 similarly had a decline in measles incidence of 73.3%, 10.7% and 3.3% respectively. Sex distribution of infection within the 3-year period shows that more females (37.4%) than males (21.2%) expressed measles IgM antibodies, and active infection was detected more in the rural (31.4%) than urban area (27.7%). However, findings indicate a tremendous decline in active infection in the rural areas from 67% in 2006 to 0% in 2008, and in the urban areas from 78% in 2006 to 9.3% in 2008 among both vaccinated and unvaccinated groups. A highly significant reduction in measles infection was observed more among males than females (P=0.009). Infection distribution by location did not show any significant difference (P=0.65) even though more individuals in the rural areas were noted with active infection. Conclusion: The study shows a highly significant reduction in measles burden among vaccinated individuals (P=0.0001) and invariably increases protective coverage of measles vaccination most especially among children under 5 years of age (P=0.0066) in the state. Findings justify effort by government and WHO in carrying immunization campaigns in children, 5-years and below irrespective of vaccination status and experience.	Akwa Ibom state; Measles vaccination; Measles-specific IgM	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84941759345	Damping characteristics of nanoclay filled hybrid laminates during medium velocity impact	Mohan T.P., Velmurugan R., Kanny K.	2015	Composites Part B: Engineering	82	None	10.1016/j.compositesb.2015.08.016	Composites Research Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa; Composites Technology Centre, Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India	Mohan, T.P., Composites Research Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa; Velmurugan, R., Composites Technology Centre, Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India; Kanny, K., Composites Research Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa	The objective of this paper is to study the vibrational damping characteristics during medium velocity impact of nanoclay filled glass fiber reinforced epoxy hybrid laminates. A series of laminates with varying degree of nanoclay concentration (0-5 wt.%) and fiber weight fraction (25-75 wt.%) were prepared by vacuum assisted resin infusion molding (VARIM) method. The laminates were subjected to medium velocity projectile impact using in-house built gas gun set-up and the ballistic limit of laminates series was determined. The result indicated that during impact, the laminate undergoes vibrational damping. This damping property is a function of fiber weight fraction and orientation, nanoclay concentration and nanocomposite structure. A 42% increase of ballistic limit was observed for 5 wt.% nanoclay filled hybrid (50 wt.% fiber) when compared with unfilled composite. Structural and modal analysis of hybrids showed that the increased ballistic limit of nanoclay filled hybrids is due to the nanocomposite structure and improved damping and fracture properties. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.	A. Laminates; A. Nano-structures; B. Impact behavior; B. Vibration	Ballistics; Damping; Fibers; Modal analysis; Nanocomposites; Nanostructured materials; Nanostructures; Paper laminates; B. Vibration; Damping characteristics; Glass fiber-reinforced epoxy; Impact behavior; Nano-composite structure; Nanoclay concentrations; Vacuum assisted resin infusion moldings; Vibrational damping; Laminates	76460, Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology; DST, Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology
Scopus	2-s2.0-84949134309	Effects of aqueous extract of talinum triangulÄre (Leaves): Evaluation of enzymes activities in tissue homogenates of albino rats	Afolabi O.B., Oloyede O.I.	2014	Pharmacologyonline	3	None	None	Department of ChemicalScience, College of Sciences, Afe Babalola University, P.M.B 5454, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Department ofBiochemistry, Ekiti State University, P.M.B 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria	Afolabi, O.B., Department of ChemicalScience, College of Sciences, Afe Babalola University, P.M.B 5454, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Oloyede, O.I., Department ofBiochemistry, Ekiti State University, P.M.B 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria	The effect of water extract of Talinum triangulare was investigated on the activities of enzymes such as aspartate amino transaminase (AST), alanine amino transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), in the serum and tissue homogenates of an adult albino rats along with the serum total protein. The rats were randomly distributed into four treatment groups A-D; with groups B to D administered with 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weights orally and the control group A with water orally respectively. The aqueous extract was prepared using the air-dried leaves parts of the plant following a standardized method with the final yield been considered. The serum total protein (g/dl) was significantly different (p<0.05) relatively compared to control group. In the same vein, statistical data of the activities (u/l) of the enzymes was significantly different (P<0.05) in aspartate aminotransaminase (AST) and alanine aminotransaminase (ALT) when compared to control groups but significant different (p>0.05) in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) when compared to the control group. © 2015, SILAE (Italo-Latin American Society of Ethnomedicine). All rights reserved.	Alanine aminotransaminase; Alkaline phosphatase; Aspartate aminotransaminase; Phytochemicals	alanine aminotransferase; alkaline phosphatase; aspartate aminotransferase; liver protective agent; plant extract; Talinum triangulare extract; unclassified drug; adult; alanine aminotransferase blood level; alkaline phosphatase blood level; animal experiment; animal tissue; Article; aspartate aminotransferase blood level; controlled study; dose response; drug dose comparison; drug effect; drug mechanism; enzyme activity; medicinal plant; nonhuman; plant leaf; protein blood level; rat; Talinum triangulare; tissue homogenate; tissue level	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892450011	Evaluation of hepatotoxicity and clastogenicity of carbofuran in male Wistar rats	Gbadegesin M.A., Owumi S.E., Akinseye V., Odunola O.A.	2014	Food and Chemical Toxicology	65	None	10.1016/j.fct.2013.12.034	Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Gbadegesin, M.A., Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Owumi, S.E., Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Akinseye, V., Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Odunola, O.A., Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Carbofuran based pesticides have gained wide usage in Nigeria recently. Consequently, animals and human populations are exposed to them in the environment. Information on in vivo toxicity of carbofuran in experimental models is scanty. The present study therefore examined the hepatotoxicity and clastogenic effects of carbofuran in rats. Male Wistar rats were exposed to carbofuran (p.o) at 0-5mg/kg bw for 5weeks. Carbofuran induced significant (p&lt;0.05) increase in the serum activity of gamma-glutamyltransferase when compared with the negative control, but not activity of serum alanine and aspartate aminotransferases. It also significantly (p&lt;0.05) induced micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes formation in the bone marrow as compared with the control. The level of induction is dose dependent in both cases. In addition, there was significant (p&lt;0.05) higher number of hepatic cells in the cell/mm2 assay for the group treated with carbofuran. Histopathological analysis of liver samples from the treated groups revealed lesions ranging from general congestion (portal, central venous and sinusoidal), mild periportal cellular infiltration, diffused sinusoidal congestion and hepatic necrosis to severe congestion. Findings from this study suggest that carbofuran has clastogenic and hepatotoxic effects in rats. It therefore may constitute an environmental health risks in individuals so exposed. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.	Alanine aminotransferase; Carbamate; Carbofuran; Gamma gluthamyltransferase; Micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (mPCEs)	carbofuran; alanine aminotransferase; aspartate aminotransferase; carbofuran; gamma glutamyltransferase; animal cell; animal experiment; animal tissue; article; cell assay; cell count; cell infiltration; chemical parameters; clastogenicity; controlled study; disease severity; enzyme activity; enzyme blood level; genotoxicity; health hazard; histopathology; liver cell; liver necrosis; liver toxicity; male; nonhuman; rat; alanine aminotransferase blood level; animal model; Article; aspartate aminotransferase blood level; gamma glutamyl transferase blood level; liver weight; long term exposure; mutagenesis; weight change; Alanine aminotransferase; Carbamate; Carbofuran; Gamma gluthamyltransferase; Micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (mPCEs); Animals; Carbofuran; Liver; Male; Mutagens; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Rattus norvegicus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84905493175	Effect of Moringa oleifera leaf meal as a substitute for antibiotics on the performance and blood parameters of broiler chickens	Makanjuola B.A., Obi O.O., Olorungbohunmi T.O., Morakinyo O.A., Oladele-Bukola M.O., Boladuro B.A.	2014	Livestock Research for Rural Development	26	8	None	Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Moor Plantation, Ibadan, Nigeria	Makanjuola, B.A., Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Moor Plantation, Ibadan, Nigeria; Obi, O.O., Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Moor Plantation, Ibadan, Nigeria; Olorungbohunmi, T.O., Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Moor Plantation, Ibadan, Nigeria; Morakinyo, O.A., Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Moor Plantation, Ibadan, Nigeria; Oladele-Bukola, M.O., Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Moor Plantation, Ibadan, Nigeria; Boladuro, B.A., Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Moor Plantation, Ibadan, Nigeria	An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of three different inclusion levels of Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) as substitute to antibiotics on the performance and blood parameters of broiler chickens. One hundred and forty four (144) day-old commercial Cobb broiler chicks were randomly allotted to 4 dietary treatments of 3 replicates each. Each replicate had 12 birds. The treatments CTL - Control group in which the birds were offered a basal diet and routine treatment with antibiotic (Enrofloxacin via water); MO1 - basal diet with 200g MOLM in 100kg of feed; MO2 - basal diet with 400g MOLM in 100kg of feed and MO3 - basal diet with 600g MOLM in 100kg of feed. The experiment lasted 28 days. Significant differences were observed in the feed intake of the birds while body weight gain did not differ significantly. The haematological parameters measured did not differ significantly. Alanine transaminase (ALT) differed among the dietary treatments. No differences were observed in the other serum biochemical indices measured. Cost incurred per kilogramme weight gain was lower for birds on Moringa diets than birds on the control diet.	Alanine transaminase; Enrofloxacin; Feed intake; Haemoglobin; Serum	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84861165126	Impact of industrial effluent on water quality and gill pathology of clarias gariepinus from Alaro Stream, Ibadan, Southwest, Nigeria	Adeogun A.O.	2012	European Journal of Scientific Research	76	1	None	Hydrobiology and Fisheries Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	Adeogun, A.O., Hydrobiology and Fisheries Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	The responses of a freshwater fish to variations in water quality were evaluated using gill histopathology and condition factor of Clarias gariepinus from Alaro stream. Alaro stream receives industrial effluent as a point source and water quality parameters (pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature, Electrical conductivity (EC), Alkalinity, Biochemical Oxygen demand (BOD) and Total dissolved solids (TDS)) and metals (Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Cadmium (Cd) and Iron (Fe)) were analysed from nine sampling sites (upstream, effluent discharge point and downstream) using standard methods. The average values of all physico-chemical parameters (except pH and DO) and metals were considerably higher downstream than upstream while effluent discharge point showed the highest values for all sampling sites. The lowest values for pH and DO were also recorded at effluent discharge point and concentrations of Fe downstream exceeded acceptable limits for surface waters. Gill histopathological lesions observed in fish downstream included severe necrosis, oedema, erosion of gill villi, matting of gill filaments with focal areas of haemorrhage. Significant (p<0.05) decreases in body weight and condition factor (CF) were recorded for fish downstream of effluent discharge point compared to fish upstream. Fish displayed impaired health (poor CF) attributed to changes in water quality due to industrial wastewater discharge. This resulted in irreversible compensatory responses of the gill tissue as evidenced in altered histopathology of the gills. © EuroJournals Publishing, Inc. 2012.	Alaro stream; Clarias gariepinus; Condition factor; Gill pathology; Water quality	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84924705895	Behaviour and ecological impacts of termites: Fecundity investigations in mounds	Wako S.E.	2015	Ekologia Bratislava	34	1	10.1515/eko-2015-0008	Department of Biology Education, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 6767, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Wako, S.E., Department of Biology Education, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 6767, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	A radical study was conducted on the behaviour and ecological impacts of termites in Haru District of Western Oromia, Ethiopia. It was aimed at investigating the natural behaviour, fecundity in mounds, ecological impacts and recommending possible solutions to termite problems. Four mounds in different sites were vertically dug down to display the profile of the queen, soldiers, workers, number of laid eggs, nymphs and colonies of termites. On an average, termite queens of the study site may lay about 25 eggs per minute, 36,000 eggs per day and 13,140,000 eggs annually. The fourth queen was unearthed to study the structure, size, number of ovaries and fecundity. It was examined that the death of a queen does not affect the colony, because four small queens are formed and one of them becomes the queen of queens and replaced the dead queen promptly. Accordingly, termites are found to be one of the most destructive agents of our ecosystems and their management requests careful and biological control methods. As a result, the negative effect of termites outweighs the positive effect of termites so that minimising the population size is important for human beings.	Alates; Cast; Colony; Queen; Red ants and royal cell	behavioral ecology; biological control; ecological impact; ecosystem management; fecundity; population size; termite; Ethiopia; Oromia; Formicidae; Isoptera	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84855549873	The impact of baseline faecal egg counts on the efficacy of single-dose albendazole against Trichuris trichiura	Levecke B., Mekonnen Z., Albonico M., Vercruysse J.	2012	Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene	106	2	10.1016/j.trstmh.2011.09.007	Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke, Belgium; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Pathology, College of Public Health and Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Fondazione Ivo de Carneri, Milan, Italy	Levecke, B., Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke, Belgium; Mekonnen, Z., Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke, Belgium, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Pathology, College of Public Health and Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Albonico, M., Fondazione Ivo de Carneri, Milan, Italy; Vercruysse, J., Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke, Belgium	There is considerable variation in the efficacy of single-dose albendazole (400. mg) against Trichuris trichiura across human trials. Factors contributing to this variation have not yet been identified. We assessed the impact of mean baseline faecal egg counts (FEC) on the efficacy of single-dose albendazole against T. trichiura in five previously conducted trials. Our results suggest that efficacy measured by reduction in mean FECs decreased significantly (p < 0.0001) when mean baseline FECs increased, highlighting that this parameter should be considered as an important confounding factor for drug efficacy. [ClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers: NCT01087099 and NCT01327469]. © 2011.	Albendazole; Anthelminthics; Confounding factor; Drug resistance; Treatment outcome; Trichuris trichiura	albendazole; adolescent; adult; article; child; drug activity; drug efficacy; feces analysis; gastrointestinal transit; human; nonhuman; preschool child; school child; single drug dose; Trichuris; Albendazole; Animals; Anthelmintics; Feces; Humans; Parasite Egg Count; Treatment Outcome; Trichuriasis; Trichuris; Trichuris trichiura	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84858961003	Evaluation of in-vitro anthelmintic activity of the roots of ziziphus oenoplia Linn, Mill. (Rhamnaceae)	Kuppuram G., Dhunmati K., Jaison D., Kousalya M., Mohammad Yaseen A., Swetha S.	2012	International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences	4	None	None	Department of Educational planning, Management Wolaita Sodo University, Ethiopia; College of pharmacy, Madras Medical College, Chennai -600003, India; Department of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India	Kuppuram, G., Department of Educational planning, Management Wolaita Sodo University, Ethiopia; Dhunmati, K., College of pharmacy, Madras Medical College, Chennai -600003, India; Jaison, D., College of pharmacy, Madras Medical College, Chennai -600003, India; Kousalya, M., College of pharmacy, Madras Medical College, Chennai -600003, India; Mohammad Yaseen, A., College of pharmacy, Madras Medical College, Chennai -600003, India; Swetha, S., Department of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India	Background: Helminth infections are most common infections in man which affects a large proportion of world's population which interrupts their quality of life. The aim of this study is to prove the anthelmintic activity of the roots of Ziziphus oenoplia linn (Rhamnaceae). Methods: Four groups each containing three earthworms of approximately same size were released into 10ml of desired formulation. Each group was treated with one of the following; Albendazole 40mg/ml in Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC) as standard and ethanolic extracts 5mg/ml, 10mg/ml and 50mg/ml of the root powder Ziziphus oenoplia in CMC. The time taken for the paralysis and death of earthworm by ethonolic extract was compared with that of standard Albendazole. Result: The result of this study shows that the anthelmintic activity of the drug increases with increase in the concentration of ethanolic extract of the root powder of Ziziphus oenoplia. In comparison with the standard drug Albendazole, the time taken for the paralysis and death of the earthworm by the ethanolic extract is found to be desirable. Conclusion: The present investigation proves that the alcoholic extract of Ziziphus oenoplia, exerts significant activity against roundworm infections. We hope that in future the shrub Ziziphus oenoplia will be able to replace the anthelmintic drugs which have an increased risk of drug interactions.	Albendazole; Anthelmintic; Earthworms; Ethanolic extract; Ziziphus oenoplia	albendazole; alcohol; carboxymethylcellulose; jujube extract; unclassified drug; Ziziphus oenoplia extract; anthelmintic activity; article; concentration response; controlled study; death; drug effect; earthworm; in vitro study; jujube; nematodiasis; nonhuman; paralysis; plant root; Ziziphus oenoplia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70949102148	Preparation and evaluation of colon targeted drug delivery systems for albendazole using kneading, extrusion and compaction technology	Emeje M., Nwabunike P., Isimi Y., Kunle O., Ofoefule S.	2009	Yaoxue Xuebao	44	10	None	Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Raw Materials Development, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abuja, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Industrial Pharmacy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu St	Emeje, M., Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Raw Materials Development, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abuja, Nigeria; Nwabunike, P., Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Raw Materials Development, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abuja, Nigeria; Isimi, Y., Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Raw Materials Development, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abuja, Nigeria; Kunle, O., Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Raw Materials Development, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abuja, Nigeria; Ofoefule, S., Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Industrial Pharmacy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria	Albendazole is an orally administered broad-spectrum benzimidazole anthelmintic used against helminthiasis, hydatid cyst disease and neurocysticercosis. The objectives of this investigation are to develop a sustained release drug delivery system for albendazole, and to target its delivery to colon. Albendazole matrix tablets containing varying proportions of single and binary blends of four polymers; polyacrylic acid (carbopol 971), ethylcellulose (Etcell), eudragit L100-55 (EUD), and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) were prepared by a modified wet granulation technique of kneading, extrusion and compaction. In vitro release profiles of albendazole was sequentially determined in simulated gastric fluid (SGF), simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) without enzymes and in rat caecal content medium (RCCM) at 37°C. The in vitro drug release from matrix tablets containing CMC and Etcell as single polymers showed initial burst effect in the first 2 h (>20% and 50% respectively), followed by a slow release in SIF. However, matrix tablets containing polymer blends showed that no appreciable drug release occurred up to 5 h. Drug release from tablets containing polymer blends in the dissolution medium containing rat caecal material suddenly increased to ≥30% after 5 h (RCCM), and reaching up to 90% in 24 h. Albendazole matrix tablets containing carbopol 971, Etcell, EUD, and CMC as single polymers and as blends were formulated for oral use. Drug release from the tablet matrices containing carbopol alone, binary blends of carbopol/Etcell, and CMC/EUD were found to be very slow and dependent on polymer concentration. Matrix tablets containing blends of these polymers formulated using kneading, extrusion and compaction technique could provide sustained drug release and can be utilized in the colonic delivery of albendazole.	Albendazole; Colon targeting; In vitro release; Polymer	albendazole; carboxymethylcellulose; ethyl cellulose; eudragit; polyacrylic acid; animal experiment; animal tissue; article; cecum; colon; drug delivery system; drug release; drug synthesis; intestine fluid; male; nonhuman; rat; stomach juice; sustained drug release; tablet compression; tablet formulation; Acrylic Resins; Administration, Oral; Albendazole; Animals; Anthelmintics; Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium; Cellulose; Colon; Delayed-Action Preparations; Drug Carriers; Drug Compounding; Drug Delivery Systems; Male; Rats; Tablets; Technology, Pharmaceutical	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-50549101705	Impact of two rounds of mass treatment with diethylcarbamazine plus albendazole on Wuchereria bancrofti infection and the sensitivity of immunochromatographic test in Malindi, Kenya	Njenga S.M., Wamae C.N., Njomo D.W., Mwandawiro C.S., Molyneux D.H.	2008	Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene	102	10	10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.04.039	Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), P.O. Box 19464, Post Code 00202, Nairobi, Kenya; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, United Kingdom	Njenga, S.M., Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), P.O. Box 19464, Post Code 00202, Nairobi, Kenya; Wamae, C.N., Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), P.O. Box 19464, Post Code 00202, Nairobi, Kenya; Njomo, D.W., Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), P.O. Box 19464, Post Code 00202, Nairobi, Kenya; Mwandawiro, C.S., Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), P.O. Box 19464, Post Code 00202, Nairobi, Kenya; Molyneux, D.H., Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, United Kingdom	Annual single-dose mass treatment of endemic populations with a combination of either diethylcarbamazine (DEC) or ivermectin plus albendazole is recommended as the mainstay of lymphatic filariasis elimination programmes. We evaluated the impact of two rounds of annual mass drug administration (MDA) of DEC and albendazole on bancroftian filariasis in a pilot elimination programme in an endemic area of Kenya. Overall prevalence of microfilaraemia decreased by 65.4%, whereas community microfilarial load decreased by 84% after the two MDAs. The prevalence of parasite antigenaemia determined by immunochromatographic test (ICT) declined significantly by 43.5% after the two MDAs. We also studied the effect of mass treatment on the sensitivity of the ICT. Although the sensitivity of the test before treatment was high (89.9%; κ = 0.909) sensitivity was lower after two MDAs (59.3%; κ = 0.644). The finding raises concern about the reliability of the ICT in long-term monitoring of infection and for establishing programmatic endpoints. The results of the present study indicate a relatively high effectiveness of MDA using a DEC/albendazole combination against Wuchereria bancrofti infection and, therefore, it may be a useful strategy to eliminate lymphatic filariasis in onchocerciasis-free areas. © 2008 Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.	Albendazole; Diethylcarbamazine; Kenya; Lymphatic filariasis; Mass drug administration; Wuchereria bancrofti	albendazole; diethylcarbamazine; parasite antigen; adolescent; adult; aged; article; child; chromatography; controlled study; drug efficacy; endemic disease; eradication therapy; female; health program; human; immunochromatographic test; Kenya; major clinical study; male; microfilariasis; nematodiasis; onchocerciasis; patient monitoring; pilot study; prevalence; reliability; sensitivity analysis; single drug dose; Wuchereria bancrofti; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Albendazole; Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Antigens, Bacterial; Child; Child, Preschool; Diethylcarbamazine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Elephantiasis, Filarial; Female; Humans; Immunoassay; Kenya; Male; Microfilaria; Middle Aged; Pilot Projects; Prevalence; Sensitivity and Specificity; Wuchereria bancrofti; Wuchereria bancrofti	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897383318	Toxicological evaluation of Melocia corchorifolia leaves (L.) fed to albino rat	Umar K.J., Hassan L.G., Dangoggo S.M., Maigandi S.A., Sani N.A., Dogonyaro A.I.	2014	International Journal of Biological Chemistry	8	1	10.3923/ijbc.2014.48.57	Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria; College of Science and Technology, Department of Science, Sokoto St	Umar, K.J., Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria; Hassan, L.G., Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria; Dangoggo, S.M., Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria; Maigandi, S.A., Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria; Sani, N.A., Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria; Dogonyaro, A.I., College of Science and Technology, Department of Science, Sokoto State Polytechnic, Sokoto, Nigeria	Wild leafy vegetables are widely eaten in developing countries and serves as nutrient supplements. The present study examined the effect of feeding albino rats with 75% Melocia corchorifolia leaves with respect to their body weight, liver and kidney biochemical, haematological and histological response. Results showed that the rats fed with M. corchorifolia leaves experience decrease in body weight compared to the control group. The Packed Cell Volume (PCV), haemoglobin concentration (Hb) and Red Blood Cells (RBC), White Blood Cells (WBC), platelets, Mean Carpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Carpuseular Haemoglobin (MCH), Mean Carpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) and leukocyte (lymphocyte, neutophils, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils) differential counts were not significantly (p>0.05) different between control and treatment. Similarly, serum total protein, globulin and bilirubin were not significantly different, but that of albumin was significantly lower (p<0.05) in the treatment than control group. The serum enzyme activities, i.e., aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were significantly (p<0.05) elevated in sample treatment than the control; which is an indication of organ toxicity by cellular destruction induced by the phyto-toxin present in the fed. Renal function indices-serum creatinine, urea, uric acid and electrolytes were not significantly different (p>0.05) between control and treatment. The results of this study showed that Melocia corchorifolia leaves have a relatively low or no toxicity profile. © 2014 Academic Journals Inc.	Albino rat; Haematology; Histology; Melocia corchorifolia; Serum biochemistry; Toxicity; Vegetables	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879818365	Evaluation of antidiarrheal efficacy of Detarium microcarpum stem bark aqueous extract in Albino rats	Tijjani M.B., Barkindo A.A., Ngulde S.I., Wampana B., Sanda K.A.	2013	Journal of Medical Sciences (Faisalabad)	13	6	10.3923/jms.2013.477.482	Department of Veterimy Physiology, Pharmacology and Biochemistry, University of Maiduguri, PMB 1069, Bomo State, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, Rangeland Management Modibbo Adama University, PMB 2076, Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria	Tijjani, M.B., Department of Veterimy Physiology, Pharmacology and Biochemistry, University of Maiduguri, PMB 1069, Bomo State, Nigeria; Barkindo, A.A., Department of Animal Science, Rangeland Management Modibbo Adama University, PMB 2076, Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria; Ngulde, S.I., Department of Veterimy Physiology, Pharmacology and Biochemistry, University of Maiduguri, PMB 1069, Bomo State, Nigeria; Wampana, B., Department of Veterimy Physiology, Pharmacology and Biochemistry, University of Maiduguri, PMB 1069, Bomo State, Nigeria; Sanda, K.A., Department of Veterimy Physiology, Pharmacology and Biochemistry, University of Maiduguri, PMB 1069, Bomo State, Nigeria	Decoction of Detarium microcarpum, used by traditional herbalist as antidiarrheal agents, was investigated for its efficacy. Determination of phytochemical constituents of the aqueous extract was carried qualitatively using standard laboratory procedures. Experimentally-induced diarrhoea and intraluminal pooling and charcoal transit time using castor oil was used as a model for assessing antidiarrheal efficacy of the plant. The result showed that the plant contain alkaloid, tannins, flavonoids and carbohydrates. The extract gave a protection against castor oil induced diarrhoea of 53% compared with standard drug loperamide that gave 91% protection. Intraluminal fluid volume was significantly (p≤0.05) decreased compared negative control. Distance travelled by charcoal meal was found to be significantly (p≤0.05) lower than the negative control and is comparable to with the positive control group that received atropine. The results of this study suggest that the plant was found to possess antidiarrheal effect as claimed by herbalist.	Albino rats; Antidanheal; Detariwn microcarpwn; Efficacy; Stem bark	alkaloid; antidiarrheal agent; atropine; carbohydrate; Detarium microcarpum extract; flavonoid; loperamide; plant extract; tannin derivative; unclassified drug; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; antidiarrheal activity; article; bark; controlled study; Detarium microcarpum; diarrhea; drug efficacy; drug mechanism; drug response; enteropooling test; female; gastroenterological procedure; intestinal motility test; intestine motility; intestine transit time; low drug dose; male; medicinal plant; nonhuman; phytochemistry; plant stem; qualitative analysis; rat	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879719804	Evaluation of antifertility and teratogenic effects of chromatographic fractions of Portulaca oleracea in male and female albino rats	Oyedeji K.O., Bolarinwa A.F., Adegoke A.O.	2013	International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences	5	3	None	Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Iba	Oyedeji, K.O., Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Bolarinwa, A.F., Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Adegoke, A.O., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the antifertility and teratogenic effect of chromatographic fractions (fractions 1 to 5) of Portulaca oleracea at a dose of 3 mg/kg BW in male and female albino rats. Methods: For male fertility study, 50 days fractions and distilled water (control) treated male rats were cohabitated with untreated female rats. For female fertility and teratogenic study, the fractions were tested at different phases of pregnancy to evaluate its antifertility and teratogenic effects. Data were analysed using ANOVA at p<0.05. Results: Cohabitation of 50 days fraction 1 to fraction 5 treated male rats and untreated female rats for four weeks produced no positive mating, while the cohabitation of the control group male rat with untreated female rats led to positive mating. Treatment of rats from day 1 to 5 of gestation (early pregnancy) with fraction 1 to fraction 5 caused non-significant (p>0.05) changes in the number of implantation sites relative to the control. Treatment of rats from day 6 to 15 of gestation (mid-pregnancy) with fraction 1 to fraction 5 caused no significant (p>0.05) changes in fetal size relative to the control as well as absence of gross malformations and resorption sites in all the treated and control rats. Treatment of rats from day 16 to 20 of gestation (late pregnancy) with fraction 1 to fraction 5 caused no significant (p>0.05) changes in litter size and litter weights relative to their respective controls as well as absence of gross malformations and resorption sites in all the treated and control rats. These findings probably indicate that the chromatographic fractions of Portulaca oleracea have antifertility effects in male albino rats but have no teratogenic and deleterious effects on the fertility of female albino rats.	Albino rats; Chromatographic fraction; Implantation sites; Litter size; Portulaca oleracea	Portulaca oleracea extract; animal experiment; article; cohabitation; column chromatography; congenital malformation; contraception; controlled study; female; fractionation; male; mating; nonhuman; organogenesis; rat; teratogenesis; thin layer chromatography; third trimester pregnancy; toxicity testing	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878832744	Evaluation of haematological and reproductive effect of paracetamol (Acetaminophen) in female abino rats	Oyedeji K.O., Bolarinwa A.F., Adabanija R.B.	2013	International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research	20	2	None	Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Department of physiology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Oyedeji, K.O., Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Bolarinwa, A.F., Department of physiology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Adabanija, R.B., Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria	The effect of oral administration of 7. 5 mg/kg BW on haematological and plasma biochemical parameters in albino rats were investigated. The paracetamol was administered by gavage on daily basis for haematological study; the paracetamol was administered orally for 21 days for estrous cycle study. Treatment of rats with 7. 5 mg/kg BW of paracetamol caused insignificant (p>0. 05) changes in the RBC, PCV, HBTWBC, platelet, neutrophil, lymphocyte, eosinophil, monocyte and haematmetric indices (MCV, MCHC, MCH) values relative to their respective controls. Treatment of rats with paracetamol (7. 5 mg/kg BW) caused non-significant changes in the duration of all phases of estrous cycle relative to their relative to their respective controls. These findings probably indicates that paracetamol has no deleterious effect on the blood chemistry and fertility of female albino rats.	Albino rats; Estrous cycle; Paracetamol; Red blood cell; Total white blood cell	paracetamol; animal experiment; article; blood sampling; blood toxicity; controlled study; diestrus; drug response; eosinophil; erythrocyte; estrus cycle; female; hematocrit; lymphocyte; mean corpuscular hemoglobin; metestrus; monocyte; neutrophil; nonhuman; proestrus; rat; reproductive toxicity; toxicity testing	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955781918	Evaluation of transaminase activity of ethanolic extract of fresh Ocimum basilicum in rats	Aja P.M., Onu P.N.	2011	Indian Journal of Animal Research	45	1	None	Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Ebonyi State University, P M. B. 05 Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria	Aja, P.M., Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Ebonyi State University, P M. B. 05 Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria; Onu, P.N., Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Ebonyi State University, P M. B. 05 Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria	The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of ethanolic extracts of fresh leaves of Ocimum basilicum on transaminase activities in albino rats. Thirty two male albino rats were randomly assigned to three experimental groups of 12 marked as groups A, B, and C respectively. Groups A and B were treated with oral administration of organic extract of Ocimum basilicum at 400mg and 200mg /kg body weight daily respectively. Group C received no treatment. The body weight of rats of group A and B were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced up to 31.85% and 23.46% respectively compared to the control. The activities of AST were significantly elevated in groups A and B rats (400mg and 200mg/kg body weight) to the extent of 68.22% and 63.54% respectively compared to the control. Results also exhibited that the specific activities of transamminase (AST/ALT) in the serum was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the treated rats than the control. The result of the this study suggests that ingestion of ethanolic extract of Ocimum basilicum could upset the body metabolic system and may also elicit a toxic effect especially when taken at high concentration.	Albino rats; Ethanolic extracts; Ocimum basilicum; Transaminase activity	Ocimum; Ocimum basilicum; Rattus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84918513445	Evaluation of neuropharmacological effects of aqueous leaf extract of Albizia glaberrima (Leguminosae) in mice	Adebesin I.F., Akindele A.J., Adeyemi O.O.	2014	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	160	None	10.1016/j.jep.2014.11.040	Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology (PTT), University of Lagos, Idi-Araba Campus, P.M.B., Lagos, Nigeria	Adebesin, I.F., Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology (PTT), University of Lagos, Idi-Araba Campus, P.M.B., Lagos, Nigeria; Akindele, A.J., Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology (PTT), University of Lagos, Idi-Araba Campus, P.M.B., Lagos, Nigeria; Adeyemi, O.O., Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology (PTT), University of Lagos, Idi-Araba Campus, P.M.B., Lagos, Nigeria	Ethnopharmacological relevance Albizia glaberrima is a shrub found in the deciduous forest and jungle of the coastal plain of West Africa. Preparations of the plant are used traditionally in the treatment of fever, pain and central nervous system disorders, including epilepsy. This study was conducted to investigate the neuropharmacological effects of the aqueous leaf extract of Albizia glaberrima in mice. Materials and methods The hole-board, elevated plus-maze, thiopentone-induced sleep (anxiolytic/sedative-hypnotic), traction, climbing, inclined screen (muscle relaxant), strychnine-, picrotoxin- and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced convulsion (anticonvulsant) tests were employed in this study. Results Albizia glaberrima extract at 200 mg/kg significantly increased the duration of head dips (p&lt;0.05) and number of open arms entry (p&lt;0.01) compared with control in the hole-board and elevated plus-maze tests, respectively. At 400 mg/kg, Albizia glaberrima extract significantly reduced the number of sectional crossings relative to control. The extract at 400 mg/kg significantly (p&lt;0.05) increased the duration of sleep compared with control in the thiopentone-induced hypnosis test. Albizia glaberrima extract at 200 mg/kg and diazepam (5 mg/kg) significantly (p&lt;0.05, 0.01) increased the post-treatment climbing time and reduced the latency to slide down in the climbing and inclined screen tests, respectively. The extract was not effective in the strychnine-induced seizure model, while in the picrotoxin test Albizia glaberrima extract at 100 mg/kg significantly (p&lt;0.05) reduced the duration of convulsion while reducing mortality at 400 mg/kg, as was the case with diazepam (2 mg/kg). The extract and diazepam significantly (p&lt;0.01, 0.001) increased onset and reduced duration of convulsion, with significant level of protection against convulsion and reduction in mortality in the PTZ-induced seizure model. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the presence of phenols&gt;tannins&gt;saponins&gt;flavonoids. The extract was found to be relatively non-toxic when administered p.o. up to 5000 mg/kg and the LD50 was 398.11 mg/kg when administered i.p. Conclusions The aqueous leaf extract of Albizia glaberrima possesses dose-dependent anxiolytic/muscle relaxant (low dose) and sedative-hypnotic/anticonvulsant (high dose) activities possibly mediated via enhancement of GABAergic inhibitory actions.	Albizia glaberrima; Anticonvulsant; Anxiolytic; Muscle relaxant; Sedative-hypnotic	Albizia glaberrima extract; diazepam; flavonoid; pentetrazole; phenol derivative; picrotoxin; plant extract; saponin; strychnine; tannin derivative; thiopental; unclassified drug; plant extract; acute toxicity; Albizia; Albizia glaberrima; animal experiment; Article; climbing; controlled study; convulsion; disease duration; elevated plus maze test; gnawing; hole board test; inclined screen test; mortality; mouse; neuropharmacology; nonhuman; pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure; phytochemistry; plant leaf; reaction time; seizure; sleep time; traction test; Albizia; animal; animal behavior; chemically induced; chemistry; dose response; drug effects; male; Seizures; Albizia; Fabaceae; Mus; Strychnos toxifera; Albizzia; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Male; Mice; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Seizures	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78649559093	Growth performance and carcass analysis of broiler chickens fed graded levels of toasted Albizia lebbeck seed meal	Olorunsanya A.O., Egbewande O.O., Ibrahim H., Adeyemo M.M.	2010	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	9	9	None	Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, llorin, Kwara State, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, P.M.B. 11, Lapai, Niger State, Nigeria	Olorunsanya, A.O., Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, llorin, Kwara State, Nigeria; Egbewande, O.O., Department of Animal Science, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, P.M.B. 11, Lapai, Niger State, Nigeria; Ibrahim, H., Department of Animal Science, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, P.M.B. 11, Lapai, Niger State, Nigeria; Adeyemo, M.M., Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, llorin, Kwara State, Nigeria	One hundred day old broiler chicks were used for this study. They were fed on a conventional broiler starter feed for the first seven days after which they were randomly allotted into five treatment groups of twenty birds with ten birds per replicate. A seven week trial was conducted to investigate the nutritive value of Toasted Albizia lebbeck Seed Meal (TASM) on the birds. The test material was included at dietary levels of 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%. At the end of the trial, three birds were randomly selected per replicate, starved overnight, bled through jugular vein, de-feathered and eviscerated. Average feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion efficiency and mortality showed significant (p<0.05) difference. However, at 0 and 5% dietary levels, there was no significant (p>0.05) difference in the performance characteristics. The carcass parameters showed that 0 and 5% TASM dietary levels were significantly (p<0.05) higher than other treatments in all the parameters assessed. The above showed that the birds were able to tolerate TASM up to 5% level of inclusion, but beyond this, overall performances, carcass characteristics and mortality were affected. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2010.	Albizia lebbeck; Broilers; Carcass and performance characteristics	Albizia lebbeck; animal experiment; animal food; animal tissue; article; broiler; carcass; chicken; controlled study; dietary intake; food intake; growth curve; mortality; nonhuman; nutritional value; plant seed; weight gain; Albizia lebbeck; Aves; Gallus gallus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84859597483	Comparison of egg production performance and egg quality traits of pearl and black strains of guinea fowl in a humid rain-forest zone of Nigeria	Obike O.M., Oke U.K., Azu K.E.	2011	International Journal of Poultry Science	10	7	10.3923/ijps.2011.547.551	Department of Animal Breeding and Physiology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P.M.B. 7267, Abia State, Nigeria	Obike, O.M., Department of Animal Breeding and Physiology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P.M.B. 7267, Abia State, Nigeria; Oke, U.K., Department of Animal Breeding and Physiology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P.M.B. 7267, Abia State, Nigeria; Azu, K.E., Department of Animal Breeding and Physiology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P.M.B. 7267, Abia State, Nigeria	Data on 272 eggs collected from Pearl (175 eggs) and Black (97 eggs) adult guinea fowl strains were analyzed to determine the egg production performance and egg quality characteristics of the birds. Data generated were analyzed using Student's t-test. The external egg quality traits measured were egg weight, egg length, egg width, shell weight, shell thickness and egg shape index. Internal egg quality traits studied include egg mass, yolk weight, yolk height, yolk diameter, yolk index, albumen weight, albumen height and albumen diameter and albumen index. The production performance traits measured were egg number and Hen-Day Production (HDP). In addition, weekly body weight of the hens was also recorded. Egg number was significantly (p<0.05) different between the two strains. The mean values were 22.71±0.30 and 12.84±0.29, respectively for Pearl and Black. Although there was no significant difference (p>0.05) between HDP of the two strains, the Black strain had higher HDP in all the weeks except in weeks 1, 5 and 6. Among the internal traits, albumen diameter differed significantly (p<0.05) between Pearl and Black with mean values of 61.27±2.02 mm and 66.97±1.20 mm, respectively. Effect of strain was not observed for all the other egg traits measured. However, the significant difference (p<0.05) observed for egg number and albumen diameter between the strains suggests at least some degree of genetic dissimilarity, which implies that the strains could be used to improve egg production and egg quality characteristics of guinea fowl in the study region. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2011.	Albumen diameter; Egg number; Egg quality traits; Guinea fowl; Strain	Aves	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-36649012395	Protein supplementary quality of vegetable leaf meal (Amaranthus cruentus) in the diets of laying hens: Egg laying performance, egg quality and heamatological implications	Fasuyi A.O., Dairo F.A.S., Olujimi O.T.	2007	Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment	5	04-Mar	None	Department of Animal Production and Health Sciences, University of Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria	Fasuyi, A.O., Department of Animal Production and Health Sciences, University of Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria; Dairo, F.A.S., Department of Animal Production and Health Sciences, University of Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria; Olujimi, O.T., Department of Animal Production and Health Sciences, University of Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria	An experiment was carried out with Hy-line Brown variety layer birds at the beginning of the hen year (first egg laying phase). Four isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets were formulated in which the major difference was the percentage inclusion levels of the Amaranthus cruentus leaf meal (ACLM) at 0, 10, 15 and 20% in Diets 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. Apart from the yolk colour score and feed efficiency that varied significantly (p<0.05) among the hens on the four dietary treatments, there were no significant differences in the mean values for body weight changes, hen day production, egg weight, albumen height, shell thickness and Haugh unit. The mean egg weight values ranged between 62.67±2.31 g in eggs collected from hens on Diet 3 and 68.30±6.51 g from hens on Diet 4 while albumen height ranged between 4.77±0.15 and 5.23±0.31 mm. The shell thickness also ranged from 0.39±0.04 in eggs from hens on Diet 3 to 0.47±0.09 in eggs from hens on Diet 1. The yolk colour score was significantly different (p<0.05) among eggs collected from hens on the different diets with yolk yellowish colouration deepening from Diet 1 to Diet 4. The feed efficiency, hen day production and albumen height values recorded for hens on Diet 2 (10% ACLM inclusion) were consistently higher than other values. Livability was 100% for all experimental hens and haematological investigation was favourable. No physical health hazards or deformations were observed in all experimental hens. It is evident that ACLM if well harnessed could be a potential supplementary protein source in poultry layer diets particularly at inclusion levels not exceeding 10%.	Albumen height; Body weight; Dietary treatments; Egg weight; Feed efficiency; Haugh unit; Shell thickness; Yolk colour	Amaranthus; Amaranthus cruentus; Aves	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84882740823	Impact of HIV and mycobacterium tuberculosis co-infections on antioxidant status in Nigeria	Faustina Nkechi O., Charles Chinedu O., Martins Ositadinma I., Joseph Ebere A., Michael E., Ifeoma Priscilla E.	2013	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	12	5	None	Immaculate Heart Hospital, Nkpor, Anambra State, Nigeria; Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences and Technology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria; Department of Immunology, College of Health Sci	Faustina Nkechi, O., Immaculate Heart Hospital, Nkpor, Anambra State, Nigeria; Charles Chinedu, O., Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences and Technology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria; Martins Ositadinma, I., Department of Immunology, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria; Joseph Ebere, A., Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria; Michael, E., Department of Immunology, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria; Ifeoma Priscilla, E., Department of Human Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria	Severe Oxidative stress has been reported in Tuberculosis infected individuals as a result of tissue inflammation, poor nutrition and poor immunity and this stress becomes more severe in those co-infected with HIV. Therefore the present study was designed to assess the antioxidant status of HIV infected participants with or without tuberculosis co-infections and in HIV seronegative participants infected with tuberculosis. 193 participants were randomly recruited for the study and grouped into: (i) Symptomatic HIV infected participants with tuberculosis co-infections (n = 67) (ii) symptomatic HIV infected participants without tuberculosis (n = 45) (iii) HIV seronegative participants with Tuberculosis (n = 52) and (IV) HIV seronegative control participants without tuberculosis (n = 29). Blood samples collected from the participants were used for HIV screening, CD4+T cell count, glutathione reductase activity, glutathione peroxidase activity, Total Antioxidant Status and albumin estimations. The results showed that glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase and Total Antioxidant Status were significantly lowered in both HIV infected participants with or without tuberculosis and HIV seronegative participants with tuberculosis (P<0.01), compared (in each case) with HIV seronegative participants without tuberculosis. The CD4+T cell count were significantly low in HIV infected participants with tuberculosis co-infections and HIV infected group without tuberculosis when compared with HIV seronegative participants with or without tuberculosis. However the CD4+T cell count in HIV infected participants with tuberculosis was not significantly different when compared with HIV infected participants without tuberculosis. The serum albumin were lowered in HIV infected participants with tuberculosis and tuberculosis infected participants (P<0.01 in each case). Correlation studies amongst groups showed significant correlation between CD4+T cell count and antioxidants in both HIV and tuberculosis co-infected participants and in HIV infected participants without tuberculosis (P<0.01 in each case). Serum albumin correlated positively with the antioxidants in both HIV infected participants and those co-infected with tuberculosis. There was no significant correlation between CD4+T cell count and the antioxidants in HIV seronegative participants with or without tuberculosis. The study observed alterations in the levels of glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, total antioxidant status and albumin in tuberculosis infected participants and in HIV infected participants with and without tuberculosis. This could be as a result of greater utilization of antioxidants subsequent to increased oxidative stress. These findings also further support a link between oxidative stress, tuberculosis and HIV infection. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2013.	Albumin; CD4+T cell; Glutathione reductase; Oxidative stress	albumin; antioxidant; glutathione peroxidase; glutathione reductase; albumin blood level; antioxidant status; article; blood analysis; CD4 lymphocyte count; controlled study; enzyme activity; health status; HIV test; human; human cell; human experiment; Human immunodeficiency virus; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; mixed infection; Nigeria; oxidative stress; randomization; serodiagnosis; tuberculosis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79953829535	Evaluation of antimicrobial potentials of methanolic extract of alchornea cordifolia leaf	Adeshina G.O., Kunle O.F., Onaolapo J.A., Ehinmidu J.O., Odama L.E.	2011	European Journal of Scientific Research	49	3	None	Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Department of Medicinal Plant Research, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Idu - Abuja, Nigeria; Department of Biological Sci	Adeshina, G.O., Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Kunle, O.F., Department of Medicinal Plant Research, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Idu - Abuja, Nigeria; Onaolapo, J.A., Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Ehinmidu, J.O., Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Odama, L.E., Department of Biological Sciences, Kogi State University, Anyingba, Nigeria	Alchornea cordifolia (Schum. & Thonn.) Muell. Arg. has been widely used in traditional medicine in West Africa for the treatment of microbial infections. Antimicrobial activity of the methanolic extracts of the leaf of Alchornea cordifolia and its resultant fractions when partitioned with hexane and distilled water, hexane fraction and residual aqueous fraction, was carried out using agar well diffusion and agar dilution methods against standard organisms viz: Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 12600, Escherichia coli ATCC 11775 and Candida albicans ATCC 18804. Using the bioassay-guided fractionation by employing the accelerated gradient chromatography (AGC) technique, seventy-seven fractions were further elucidated from the residual aqueous fraction. The rate at which the residual aqueous fraction was able to kill the organisms was also determined using standard microbiology method. The zones of inhibition showed by the extracts and fractions ranged from 11 mm - 25 mm. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations were between 0.625 mg/ml - 20 mg/ml while the Minimum Bactericidal/Fungicidal Concentrations ranged from 1.25 mg/ml - 20.0 mg/ml. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were totally killed after 2 hours while Escherichia coli and Candida albicans were killed later. Alchornea cordifolia leaf demonstrated important antimicrobial activity which may underlie their beneficial effect on microbial infection. © EuroJournals Publishing, Inc. 2011.	Alchornea cordifolia; Antimicrobial; Aqueous fraction; Hexane fraction	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-76149135991	Evaluation of the anti-stress and anticonvulsant activities of leaf extract of Alchornea cordifolia in mice	Umukoro S., Aladeokin A.C.	2010	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	127	3	10.1016/j.jep.2009.11.023	Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Umukoro, S., Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Aladeokin, A.C., Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Aim of the study: The extract of the leaves of Alchornea cordifolia (AC) is extensively used in ethnomedicine for ulcers, rheumatic pains, febrile convulsions and for enhancing physical performance. In this study, the anti-stress and anticonvulsant activities of the aqueous leaf extract of Alchornea cordifolia were investigated in mice. Materials and methods: The anti-stress activity was assessed based on the ability of the extract to alter the duration of immobility, in the forced swim endurance test, whilst a picrotoxin-treated animal, was employed as the model for convulsive seizures. Results: The extract (100-400. mg/kg) given orally was found to significantly (p<0.05) reduce the duration of immobility, which suggest an anti-stress/anti-fatigue property. However, AC when tested at doses between 100 and 400. mg/kg did not prevent convulsions induced by picrotoxin in mice. The acute toxicity study carried out in mice revealed that the extract was well tolerated by the animals, as no death was observed at oral doses of 500-4000. mg/kg. Conclusions: The results of this preliminary study provide evidence, which may support the use of Alchornea cordifolia against stress or fatigue in ethnomedicine. © 2009.	Alchornea cordifolia; Anti-stress; Convulsions; Forced swimming test	alchornea cordifolia extract; alpha methyldopamine; amphetamine; anticonvulsive agent; picrotoxin; plant extract; unclassified drug; water; alchornea cordifolia; animal experiment; animal model; anticonvulsant activity; article; controlled study; convulsion; dose response; drug dose comparison; drug mechanism; drug screening; endurance; fatigue; forced swimming test; hyperventilation; immobilization; medicinal plant; motor dysfunction; mouse; nonhuman; plant leaf; sedation; toxicity testing; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Disease Models, Animal; Euphorbiaceae; Fatigue; Female; Male; Mice; Phytotherapy; Picrotoxin; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Seizures; Stress, Psychological; Swimming; Alchornea cordifolia; Animalia; Mus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33745311081	Evaluation of differences in tolerance to aluminium toxicity among some tropical cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) genotypes	Akinrinde E.A., Neumann G.	2006	Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences	9	5	10.3923/pjbs.2006.954.960	Department of Agronomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Institut fur Pflanzenernahrung (330), Universitaat Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany	Akinrinde, E.A., Department of Agronomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Neumann, G., Institut fur Pflanzenernahrung (330), Universitaat Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany	Aluminium (Al) toxicity is widespread in tropical and temperate acid soils. Eight cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) genotypes, G (Ife brown, IT87D-941-1, IT99K-1060, IT84S-2246-4, IT96D-610, IT93K-452-1, IT86D-719 and IT98D-810) were grown for 5 and 17 weeks (1st and 2nd experiments) and evaluated for their differential tolerance to 0, 20 and 50 μM AlCl3 levels applied prior sowing in an Alfisol (Typic Paleudalf). Plant height at weekly intervals (from 2 weeks after planting, WAP), yield and post-cropping soil chemical parameters (pH, extractable-Al, extractable-Mn and available P) were estimated. Except at 2WAP, Al effect was insignificant (p&lt;0.05) on plant height, though extractable-Al differed greatly (p&lt;0.01) among soils sampled after cropping, suggesting need to test higher rates and/or continuous application through irrigation water. On the contrary, G and GxAl interaction significantly affected plant height, yield, soil pH, P-availability and Al tolerance potential. Plants of IT93K-452-1 variety were taller (71.6±3.38 cm) than individual plants of the other varieties at all Al application levels. Aluminium extracted from treated and untreated soils correlated linearly with Al addition levels, but not with the plant performance or other soil chemical parameters. Complexity in the soil environment increased with Al addition to the extent that crop performance became unpredictable and increasingly variable among the genotypes as tolerance to Al became more crucial. Biomass production (followed by pod weight) was the most sensitive parameter to Al addition while extractable Al changed maximally among the soil chemical parameters. The genotypes were categorized into efficient or non-efficient and tolerant or non-tolerant/susceptible types. © 2006 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	AlCl3 application levels; Aluminium tolerance potential; Genotypic differences; Vigna unguiculata	Vigna juruana; Vigna unguiculata	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84941801892	HIV/AIDS-related stigma in South African alcohol-serving venues and its potential impact on HIV disclosure, testing and treatment-seeking behaviours	Velloza J., Watt M.H., Choi K.W., Abler L., Kalichman S.C., Skinner D., Pieterse D., Sikkema K.J.	2015	Global Public Health	10	9	10.1080/17441692.2014.1001767	Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States; Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States; Unit for Research on Health and Society, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa	Velloza, J., Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States; Watt, M.H., Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States; Choi, K.W., Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States; Abler, L., Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States; Kalichman, S.C., Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States; Skinner, D., Unit for Research on Health and Society, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa; Pieterse, D., Unit for Research on Health and Society, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa; Sikkema, K.J., Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States	Alcohol-serving venues in South Africa are sites for high-risk behaviours that may lead to HIV transmission. Prevention and treatment interventions are sorely needed in these settings, but HIV-related stigma may limit their effectiveness. This study explored expressions of stigma among alcohol-serving venue patrons in Cape Town and examined the potential impact of stigma on HIV disclosure, testing and treatment-seeking behaviours. A total of 92 in-depth interviews with male and female, black and coloured patrons were conducted. Transcripts were analysed via memo-writing and diagramming techniques. Many participants mentioned knowing other patrons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH), and this visibility of HIV impacted expressions of HIV-related stigma. Participants discussed four forms of HIV-related stigma in the venues: fearing PLWH, fearing HIV acquisition, blaming others for spreading HIV and isolating PLWH. HIV visibility and expressions of HIV-related stigma, particularly fear of isolation, influenced participants' willingness to disclose their status. HIV-related stigma in the venues also appeared to indirectly influence testing and treatment-seeking behaviour outside the venue. Results suggest that efforts to change norms and reduce expressions of HIV-related stigma in alcohol-serving venues are necessary to successfully deliver tailored HIV prevention interventions and increase uptake of HIV testing and care in this important social setting. © 2015 Taylor & Francis.	alcohol; alcohol-serving venue; HIV-related stigma; qualitative; South Africa	adult; Article; ethnic group; female; help seeking behavior; high risk behavior; HIV test; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; interview; major clinical study; male; priority journal; social status; South Africa; South African; stigma	None
WoS	WOS:000295735200015	Evaluation of a Peer Network-Based Sexual Risk Reduction Intervention for Men in Beer Halls in Zimbabwe: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial	Chasakara, Charles,Chirowodza, Admire,Fritz, Katherine,Kellogg, Timothy,Makumbe, Knox,Mashoko, Chamunorwa,McFarland, Willi,Woelk, Godfrey,Wyrod, Robert	2011	AIDS AND BEHAVIOR	15	8	10.1007/s10461-011-9922-1	Research Triangle Institute, University of California San Francisco, University of California System, University of Michigan, University of Michigan System, University of Zimbabwe, Harare Beer Hall Intervent, Int Ctr Res Women, RTI Int, San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth	"Wyrod, Robert: University of Michigan","Wyrod, Robert: University of Michigan System",	While much emphasis has been placed on involving men in AIDS prevention in sub-Saharan Africa, there remain few rigorously evaluated interventions in this area. A particularly appealing point of intervention is the sexual risk behavior associated with men's alcohol consumption. This article reports the outcomes of The Sahwira HIV Prevention Program, a male-focused, peer-based intervention promoting the idea that men can assist their friends in avoiding high-risk sexual encounters associated with alcohol drinking. The intervention was evaluated in a randomized, controlled trial (RCT) implemented in 24 beer halls in Harare, Zimbabwe. A cadre of 413 male beer hall patrons (similar to 20% of the patronage) was trained to assist their male peers within their friendship networks. Activities included one-on-one interactions, small group discussions, and educational events centering on the theme of men helping their male friends avoid risk. Venues were randomized into 12 control versus 12 intervention beer halls with little cross-contamination between study arms. The penetration and impact of the intervention were assessed by pre- and post-intervention cross-sectional surveys of the beer hall patronage. The intervention was implemented with a high degree of fidelity to the protocol, with exposure to the intervention activities significantly higher among intervention patrons compared to control. While we found generally declining levels of risk behavior in both study arms from baseline to post-intervention, we found no evidence of an impact of the intervention on our primary outcome measure: episodes of unprotected sex with non-wife partners in the preceding 6 months (median 5.4 episodes for men at intervention beer halls vs. 5.1 among controls, P = 0.98). There was also no evidence that the intervention reduced other risks for HIV. It remains an imperative to find ways to productively engage men in AIDS prevention, especially in those venues where male bonding, alcohol consumption, and sexual risk behavior are intertwined.	ALCOHOL,"Beer halls",HIV,MEN,ZIMBABWE,AIDS,BEHAVIOR,"DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS","GAY MEN",HIV/AIDS,"HIV-PREVENTION INTERVENTION","OPINION LEADERS","PARTNER VIOLENCE","SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA",WOMEN	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80054914907	The impact of co-inoculation with Oenococcus oeni on the trancriptome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and on the flavour-active metabolite profiles during fermentation in synthetic must	Rossouw D., Du Toit M., Bauer F.F.	2012	Food Microbiology	29	1	10.1016/j.fm.2011.09.006	Institute for Wine Biotechnology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Rossouw, D., Institute for Wine Biotechnology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Du Toit, M., Institute for Wine Biotechnology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Bauer, F.F., Institute for Wine Biotechnology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Co-inoculation of commercial yeast strains with a bacterial starter culture at the beginning of fermentation of certain varietal grape juices is rapidly becoming a preferred option in the global wine industry, and frequently replaces the previously dominant sequential inoculation strategy where bacterial strains, responsible for malolactic fermentation, are inoculated after alcoholic fermentation has been completed. However, while several studies have highlighted potential advantages of co-inoculation, such studies have mainly focused on broad fermentation properties of the mixed cultures, and no data exist regarding the impact of this strategy on many oenologically relevant attributes of specific wine yeast strains such as aroma production. Here we investigate the impact of co-inoculation on a commercial yeast strain during alcoholic fermentation by comparing the transcriptome of this strain in yeast-only and in co-inoculated fermentations of synthetic must. The data show that a significant number of genes are differentially expressed in this strain in these two conditions. Some of the differentially expressed genes appear to respond to chemical changes in the fermenting must that are linked to bacterial metabolic activities, whereas others might represent a direct response of the yeast to the presence of a competing organism. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.	Alcoholic fermentation; Malolactic fermentation; Oenococcus oeni; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Transcriptome	alcohol; flavoring agent; transcriptome; article; fermentation; genetics; metabolism; microbiology; Oenococcus; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Vitis; wine; Ethanol; Fermentation; Flavoring Agents; Industrial Microbiology; Oenococcus; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Transcriptome; Vitis; Wine; Bacteria (microorganisms); Oenococcus oeni; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Vitaceae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928697233	Impact of alcohol on male reproductive hormones, oxidative stress and semen parameters in Sprague-Dawley rats	Oremosu A.A., Akang E.N.	2015	Middle East Fertility Society Journal	20	2	10.1016/j.mefs.2014.07.001	Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria; Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, Benue State University, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria	Oremosu, A.A., Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria; Akang, E.N., Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, Benue State University, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria	Objective To investigate the impact of alcohol on the reproductive hormones, oxidative stress and semen parameters. Design This is an experimental animal study. Materials and methods Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing between 170 and 200 g received 30% v/v ethanol at a concentration of 2 g/kg body weight for a period of 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 16 weeks. Parameters tested include: testosterone, estrogen, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), gonadotropin hormone releasing hormone (GnRH), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), sperm count and sperm motility. Results After the 4 week study, there was a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in estrogen levels, sperm count and sperm motility. Testosterone levels also decreased while MDA levels increased significantly. After the 8 week study, testosterone levels decreased significantly, LH and FSH also decreased but GnRH levels increased significantly. MDA and SOD levels increased significantly but sperm count and sperm motility decreased significantly compared to controls. After the 16 week study, testosterone and GnRH levels decreased significantly compared to controls. MDA levels increased significantly while sperm count and motility decreased significantly. Conclusion Acute and chronic administration of alcohol depletes testosterone levels, increases oxidative stress and decreases semen parameters. This impact of alcohol on testosterone levels is mediated by direct testicular toxicity and by altering the hormone feedback system in the pituitary gland and the hypothalamus.	Alcohol; Infertility; Luteinizing hormone; Oxidative stress; Sperm count; Sperm motility; Testosterone	alcohol; estrogen; follitropin; glutathione; gonadorelin; luteinizing hormone; malonaldehyde; superoxide dismutase; testosterone; adult; alcohol consumption; animal cell; animal experiment; Article; concentration (parameters); controlled study; feedback system; hormone action; hormone determination; hypophysis; male; male infertility; nonhuman; oxidative stress; protein analysis; rat; spermatozoon count; spermatozoon motility; testis disease; tissue level	None
WoS	WOS:000337855300005	The impact of alcohol and road traffic policies on crash rates in Botswana, 2004-2011: A time-series analysis	Dellinger, Ann M.,Naumann, Rebecca B.,Ndlovu, Christopher,Rudd, Rose A.,Sebego, Miriam,Voetsch, Karen	2014	ACCIDENT ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION	70	None	10.1016/j.aap.2014.02.017	University of Botswana, University of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Botswana Police Serv, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention - USA, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent	"Sebego, Miriam: University of Botswana",	In Botswana, increased development and motorization have brought increased road traffic-related death rates. Between 1981 and 2001, the road traffic-related death rate in Botswana more than tripled. The country has taken several steps over the last several years to address the growing burden of road traffic crashes and particularly to address the burden of alcohol-related crashes. This study examines the impact of the implementation of alcohol and road safety-related policies on crash rates, including overall crash rates, fatal crash rates, and single-vehicle nighttime fatal (SVNF) crash rates, in Botswana from 2004 to 2011. The overall crash rate declined significantly in June 2009 and June 2010, such that the overall crash rate from June 2010 to December 2011 was 22% lower than the overall crash rate from January 2004 to May 2009. Additionally, there were significant declines in average fatal crash and SVNF crash rates in early 2010. Botswana's recent crash rate reductions occurred during a time when aggressive policies and other activities (e.g., education, enforcement) were implemented to reduce alcohol consumption and improve road safety. While it is unclear which of the policies or activities contributed to these declines and to what extent, these reductions are likely the result of several, combined efforts. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	ALCOHOL,INJURY,"ROAD TRAFFIC","Traffic fines",ACCIDENTS,CONSUMPTION,INJURIES,"INTERVENTION ANALYSIS",OFFENSES,PENALTIES,PRICE,REDUCE,"SEAT-BELT USE",TAX	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70350333894	Impact of alcoholism on sleep architecture and EEG power spectra in men and women	Colrain I.M., Turlington S., Baker F.C.	2009	Sleep	32	10	None	Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United States; Department of Psychology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Brain Function Research Unit, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Colrain, I.M., Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United States, Department of Psychology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Turlington, S., Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United States; Baker, F.C., Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United States, Brain Function Research Unit, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Study Objectives: To determine the impact of alcoholism on sleep architecture and sleep EEG power spectra in men and women with uncomplicated alcoholism. Design and Participants: 42 alcoholics (27 men) and 42 controls (19 men) screened for medical, psychiatric, and sleep problems participated in a full night of polysomnography following an adaptation night. Data were collected from multiple scalp sites and subjected to power spectral analysis. Sleep architecture and EEG spectral power measures were evaluated for the effects of diagnosis and sex using age as a covariate. Results: Compared with controls, alcoholics had less slow wave sleep and increased proportions of stage 1 and REM sleep. Spectral analysis of NREM sleep showed reduced levels of slow wave activity (SWA, 0.3-4 Hz) and slow θ (theta) power (4-6 Hz) in alcoholics. The differences in SWA extended across the slow band (0.3-1 Hz) and all δ (delta) frequencies and were most prominent over frontal scalp regions. No group differences were seen in the power spectra of REM sleep. Women had more SWA and θ power than men, but there were no sex by diagnosis interactions for any measures, suggesting that alcoholism does not differentially influence men and women. Conclusion: Long-term alcoholism affects sleep even after long periods of abstinence in both men and women. Measures of frontal slow wave activity were particularly sensitive markers of this long-lasting effect. Sleep EEG measures would thus seem to provide a functional correlate of the changes in brain structure seen in frontal cortex of longterm alcoholics.	Alcoholism; Delta; K-complex; N550; Sex; Sleep	adaptation; alcohol consumption; alcoholism; article; clinical article; controlled study; electroencephalogram; female; human; male; mental disease; nonREM sleep; polysomnography; priority journal; REM sleep; scoring system; sex difference; sleep disorder; sleep parameters; slow wave sleep; spectroscopy; Alcoholism; Analysis of Variance; Electroencephalography; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Polysomnography; Sex Factors; Sleep Disorders; Sleep Stages; Time	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84877342673	The effect of frother blends on the flotation performance of selected PGM bearing ores	Ngoroma F., Wiese J., Franzidis J.-P.	2013	Minerals Engineering	None	None	10.1016/j.mineng.2013.03.017	Centre for Minerals Research, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, Cape Town, South Africa	Ngoroma, F., Centre for Minerals Research, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, Cape Town, South Africa; Wiese, J., Centre for Minerals Research, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, Cape Town, South Africa; Franzidis, J.-P., Centre for Minerals Research, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, Cape Town, South Africa	Concentrators processing PGM bearing ores make use of polysaccharide depressants to reduce the recovery of the undesired naturally floatable gangue minerals, mainly silicates, present in the ore. Recent work has shown that high depressant dosages can completely depress naturally floatable gangue and thus prevent it from reporting to the concentrate. These high depressant dosages can, however, have a negative effect on the recovery of valuable minerals present in the ore by reducing the stability of the froth. In order to counterbalance the effects of depressant addition, frothers are added. It is, however, preferable to maintain independent control over bubble size and froth stability which is difficult to achieve with only one frother. An alternative strategy is to use a blend of frothers, e.g. a weaker frother in combination with a stronger frother. Such a system allows an additional degree of freedom: changing the ratio of the two frothers provides more independent control of bubble size and froth stability. This study demonstrates through the use of batch flotation tests how blending low molecular weight alcohols with commercially available frothers impacts the solids and water recovery, as well as the valuable mineral recovery and concentrate grade in different PGM ores. Higher water and solids recoveries together with higher valuable mineral recoveries (>90% copper and >70% nickel) were obtained from tests using frother blends. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Alcohols; Froth flotation; Frothers; Polysaccharide depressants	Concentrate grade; Degree of freedom; Floatable gangue; Flotation performance; Frothers; Independent control; Low molecular weight alcohols; Mineral recovery; Alcohols; Blending; Froth flotation; Ores; Recovery; Silicates; Ore treatment	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84888105582	Growth kinetics evaluation of hydrothermally synthesized β-FeOOH nanorods	Chowdhury M., Fester V., Kale G.	2014	Journal of Crystal Growth	387	None	10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2013.10.016	Faculty of Engineering, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 652, Cape Town 8000, South Africa; Institute for Materials Research, SPEME, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom	Chowdhury, M., Faculty of Engineering, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 652, Cape Town 8000, South Africa; Fester, V., Faculty of Engineering, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 652, Cape Town 8000, South Africa; Kale, G., Institute for Materials Research, SPEME, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom	Based on the proposition that a quantitative and qualitative relationship between alcohol surface tension and particle growth exists, the effect of four different organic solvents on the growth kinetics of β-FeOOH (akaganeite) nanorods have been evaluated in this study. Two-stage growth of akaganeite nanorods have been observed in the presence of butanol and propanol as solvents. The first growth stage follows a typical power law representing Ostwald Ripening (OR) kinetic. The second stage of growth was found to be asymptotic and was fitted by the Oriented Attachment (OA) kinetics. HRTEM images of the synthesized nanoparticles also showed crystallographically specific oriented attachment based growth of the nanocrystals. Signs of OA mechanism was not observed from the TEM images of the particles synthesized using ethanol and methanol as solvents. The rate constants for each kinetic was evaluated and the rate constant for OR kinetics, kOR, was found to be significantly higher than the rate constant for OA kinetics, kOA, under the reported conditions for the four different solvents used. The rate constants were related to the surface tension of alcohol. A factorial trial was used to evaluate the significance of interaction effects of process parameters. By correlating the surface tension of solvents with different process parameters a generalized correlation has been developed to predict β-FeOOH aspect ratios for the first time. This correlation was validated by an independent study. This correlation takes three different process parameters into consideration in conjunction with the solvent surface tension to predict particle aspect ratios with acceptable confidence. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Alcohol surface tension; Empirical correlation; Growth rate constants; Oriented attachment kinetic; Ostwald ripening kinetic	Different solvents; Empirical correlations; Generalized correlation; Hydrothermally synthesized; Interaction effect; Oriented attachment; Particle aspect ratios; Process parameters; Aspect ratio; Growth rate; Nanorods; Organic solvents; Ostwald ripening; Rate constants; Solvents; Surface tension; Synthesis (chemical); Kinetics	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84875858134	Evaluation of lactoperoxidase system as raw milk preservative at different storage temperature conditions in the central highlands of Ethiopia	Kassa F., Yilma Z., Assefa G., Bekele T., Gojam Y., Nebiyu R., Kassa B.	2013	Livestock Research for Rural Development	25	4	None	Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Holetta Agricultural Research Center, P. O. Box 2003, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Kassa, F., Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Holetta Agricultural Research Center, P. O. Box 2003, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Yilma, Z., Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Holetta Agricultural Research Center, P. O. Box 2003, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Assefa, G., Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Holetta Agricultural Research Center, P. O. Box 2003, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Bekele, T., Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Holetta Agricultural Research Center, P. O. Box 2003, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Gojam, Y., Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Holetta Agricultural Research Center, P. O. Box 2003, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Nebiyu, R., Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Holetta Agricultural Research Center, P. O. Box 2003, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Kassa, B., Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Holetta Agricultural Research Center, P. O. Box 2003, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Lactoperoxidase system (LPs) was evaluated at different storage temperature conditions as raw cows' milk preservative at Holetta Agricultural Research Center (On - Station) and at milk collection centers at Degem and Girar Jarso districts of Selale area (On - farm). The milk collected from research center and collection centers was either treated with LPs or untreated (control). For the on - Station trail, both LPs treated and untreated milk was kept at room temperature, in cold water, in incubator adjusted at 30°C and in refrigerator adjusted at 10°C. For the on - Farm trial LPs treated and untreated milk was kept at room temperature and in cold water. Alcohol and clot - On - Boiling tests were employed to detect milk deterioration. LPs treatment has resulted in increased milk shelf life. Its effect for both on - Station and on - Farm trials tended to be more efficient as storage temperature decreases. LPs treatment has extended milk shelf life by 6, 7.5, 12.5 and 74 hours, under storage temperature conditions of incubator (30°C), room temperature (22.5oC), cold water (20.0°C), and refrigerator (10oC) respectively as compared to LPs untreated milk. The results of on - station and on - farm trails showed that alcohol test detected milk deterioration earlier than clot - on - boiling test for both LPs treated and untreated milk samples. LPs can be applied to extend the shelf life of milk. This may possibly bring multiple advantages for smallholder dairy farmers in order to keep evening milk overnight without cooling facilities and to deliver it in the following morning at the collection centers.	Alcohol test; Clot-on-boiling test; LPs treatment; Shelf life	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84888637012	Morphological evaluation of spermatogenesis in Lake Magadi tilapia (Alcolapia grahami): A fish living on the edge	Papah M.B., Kisia S.M., Ojoo R.O., Makanya A.N., Wood C.M., Kavembe G.D., Maina J.N., Johannsson O.E., Bergman H.L., Laurent P., Chevalier C., Bianchini A., Bianchini L.F., Onyango D.W.	2013	Tissue and Cell	45	6	10.1016/j.tice.2013.06.004	Dept. of Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology, University of Nairobi, 30197-00100 Nairobi, Kenya; Dept. of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; Marine Biology and Fisheries, Rosenstiel School, University of Miami, FL 33149, United States; Dept. of Range and Wildlife Sciences, South Eastern University College, 170-90200 Kitui, Kenya; Dept. of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, South Africa; Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Dept. of Fisheries and Oceans, Canada, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada; Dept. of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, United States; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), 96201-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil	Papah, M.B., Dept. of Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology, University of Nairobi, 30197-00100 Nairobi, Kenya; Kisia, S.M., Dept. of Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology, University of Nairobi, 30197-00100 Nairobi, Kenya; Ojoo, R.O., Dept. of Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology, University of Nairobi, 30197-00100 Nairobi, Kenya; Makanya, A.N., Dept. of Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology, University of Nairobi, 30197-00100 Nairobi, Kenya; Wood, C.M., Dept. of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada, Marine Biology and Fisheries, Rosenstiel School, University of Miami, FL 33149, United States; Kavembe, G.D., Dept. of Range and Wildlife Sciences, South Eastern University College, 170-90200 Kitui, Kenya; Maina, J.N., Dept. of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, South Africa; Johannsson, O.E., Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Dept. of Fisheries and Oceans, Canada, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada; Bergman, H.L., Dept. of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, United States; Laurent, P., Dept. of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; Chevalier, C., Dept. of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; Bianchini, A., Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), 96201-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Bianchini, L.F., Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), 96201-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Onyango, D.W., Dept. of Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology, University of Nairobi, 30197-00100 Nairobi, Kenya	Spermatogenesis in Lake Magadi tilapia (Alcolapia grahami), a cichlid fish endemic to the highly alkaline and saline Lake Magadi in Kenya, was evaluated using light and transmission electron microscopy. Spermatogenesis, typified by its three major phases (spermatocytogenesis, meiosis and spermiogenesis), was demonstrated by the presence of maturational spermatogenic cells namely spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids and spermatozoa. Primary spermatogonia, the largest of all the germ cells, underwent a series of mitotic divisions producing primary spermatocytes, which then entered two consecutive meiotic divisions to produce secondary spermatocytes and spermatids. Spermatids, in turn, passed through three structurally distinct developmental stages typical of type-I spermiogenesis to yield typical primitive anacrosomal spermatozoa of the externally fertilizing type (aquasperm). The spermatozoon of this fish exhibited a spheroidal head with the nucleus containing highly electron-dense chromatin globules, a midpiece containing ten ovoid mitochondria arranged in two rows and a flagellum formed by the typical 9. +. 2 microtubule axoneme. In addition, the midpiece, with no cytoplasmic sheath, appeared to end blindly distally in a lobe-like pattern around the flagellum; a feature that was unique and considered adaptive for the spermatozoon of this species to the harsh external environment. These observations show that the testis of A. grahami often undergoes active spermatogenesis despite the harsh environmental conditions to which it is exposed on a daily basis within the lake. Further, the spermiogenic features and spermatozoal ultrastructure appear to be characteristic of Cichlidae and, therefore, may be of phylogenetic significance. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.	Alcolapia grahami; Cichlidae; Spermatogenesis; Spermatogenic cells	Alcolapia grahami; animal cell; animal tissue; article; cell structure; cell ultrastructure; controlled study; functional morphology; Kenya; male; meiosis; morphological trait; nonhuman; Sertoli cell; spermatid; spermatocyte; spermatogenesis; spermatogonium; spermatozoon maturation; structure analysis; testis size; Tilapia; transmission electron microscopy; Alcolapia alcalicus; Alcolapia grahami; Cichlidae; Alcolapia grahami; Cichlidae; Spermatogenesis; Spermatogenic cells; Animals; Humans; Lakes; Male; Meiosis; Phylogeny; Spermatids; Spermatogenesis; Spermatozoa; Testis; Tilapia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84896982278	Evaluation of Al-Cu-Mg alloy/bean pod ash nanoparticles synthesis by double layer feeding-stir casting method	Atuanya C.U., Aigbodion V.S.	2014	Journal of Alloys and Compounds	601	None	10.1016/j.jallcom.2014.02.086	Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria; Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Atuanya, C.U., Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria; Aigbodion, V.S., Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	The evaluation of the microstructure and properties of Al-Cu-Mg alloy/bean pod ash (BPA) nanoparticles synthesis by double layer feeding and stir casting method was investigated. The aluminum matrix composites (AMCs) were produced by varying the BPA nanoparticles from 1 to 4 wt%. The microstructure and phases of the composites produced were examined by SEM/EDS and XRD. Properties such as density, hardness, tensile strength and impact energy were evaluated. The results showed that good interfacial bonding was achieved between the alloy and the bean pod ash nanoparticles. The tensile strength and hardness values increased by 35% and 44.1% at 4 wt% BPA nanoparticles with appreciable impact energy. The mechanical properties of the as-cast aluminum nanoparticles (MMNCs) have been improved significantly even with a low weight percent of nano-sized BPAp. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Al-Cu-Mg alloy; Bean pod ash nanoparticles; Mechanical properties; Microstructures	Aluminum; Hardness; Mechanical properties; Microstructure; Nanoparticles; Tensile strength; Al-Cu-Mg alloys; Aluminum matrix composites (AMCs); Aluminum nanoparticles; Hardness values; Interfacial bonding; Microstructure and properties; Nanoparticles synthesis; Stir casting method; Synthesis (chemical)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-10444240254	Exposure to 2,4-decadienal negatively impacts upon marine invertebrate larval fitness	Caldwell G.S., Lewis C., Olive P.J.W., Bentley M.G.	2005	Marine Environmental Research	59	5	10.1016/j.marenvres.2004.06.005	Sch. of Mar. Science and Technology, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, Ridley Bldg., Claremont Rd., N., United Kingdom; Dept. of Biodiv. and Conserv. Biol., Intl. Ocean Inst.-Southern Africa, Univ. of the W. Cape, South Africa, South Africa	Caldwell, G.S., Sch. of Mar. Science and Technology, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, Ridley Bldg., Claremont Rd., N., United Kingdom; Lewis, C., Sch. of Mar. Science and Technology, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, Ridley Bldg., Claremont Rd., N., United Kingdom, Dept. of Biodiv. and Conserv. Biol., Intl. Ocean Inst.-Southern Africa, Univ. of the W. Cape, South Africa, South Africa; Olive, P.J.W., Sch. of Mar. Science and Technology, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, Ridley Bldg., Claremont Rd., N., United Kingdom; Bentley, M.G., Sch. of Mar. Science and Technology, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, Ridley Bldg., Claremont Rd., N., United Kingdom	Diatoms liberate volatile, biologically active unsaturated aldehydes following cell damage, which negatively impact upon invertebrate reproductive processes such as fertilization, embryogenesis and larval survival. 2,4-Decadienal is frequently identified among the aldehydes produced and is one of the more biologically active. The majority of studies which have examined the toxic effects of diatom aldehydes to invertebrate reproduction have scored egg production and/or hatching success as indicators of biological impacts. There are very few studies which have dealt specifically with the impacts of diatom-derived aldehydes on larval fitness. Larval stages of the polychaetes Arenicola marina and Nereis virens and the echinoderms Asterias rubens and Psammechinus miliaris exposed to 2,4-decadienal at sub 1 μg ml -1 concentrations suffered reduced survival over the incubation period (day 1-8 post fertilization) with detectable differences for the polychates at a concentration of 0.005 and 0.01-0.1 μg ml -1 for the echinoderms. Susceptibility of larval N. virens was investigated using stage specific 24 h exposures at 2,4-decadienal concentrations up to 1.5 μg ml -1. A clear stage specific effect was found, with earlier larval stages most vulnerable. Nectochaete larvae (9-10 d) showed no reduction in survival at the concentrations assayed. Fluctuating asymmetry (FA), defined as random deviations from perfect bilateral symmetry, was used to analyse fitness of larval P. miliaris exposed to 2,4-decadienal at concentrations of 0.1, 0.5 and 1 μg ml -1. The degree and frequency of asymmetrical development increased with increasing 2,4-decadienal concentration. Equally, as FA increased larval survival decreased. These results provide further support for the teratogenic nature of 2,4-decadienal and its negative impact on invertebrate larval fitness. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Aldehyde; Algal toxins; Decadienal; Developmental abnormality; Fluctuating asymmetry; Larval bioassay; Larval fitness; Marine invertebrates	2,4-decadienal; Cell damage; Embryogenesis; Fertilization; Aldehydes; Cells; Marine biology; Radon; Toxicity; Radiation hazards; 2,4 decadienal; aldehyde derivative; unclassified drug; aldehyde; biogenic emission; diatom; fitness; fluctuating asymmetry; interspecific interaction; invertebrate; larval development; toxin; article; concentration (parameters); environmental exposure; environmental impact; invertebrate; larva; larval stage; nonhuman; survival rate; teratogenesis; Abnormalities; Aldehydes; Animals; Diatoms; Environmental Exposure; Female; Larva; Male; Polychaeta; Population Dynamics; Reproduction; Survival Analysis; algae; Arenicola; Arenicola marina; Asterias; Asterias rubens; Bacillariophyta; Echinodermata; Invertebrata; Nereis; Nereis virens; Polychaeta; Psammechinus miliaris	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84904077609	Comparative performance of aldolase and lactate dehydrogenase rapid diagnostic tests in Plasmodium vivax detection	Wang J., Dzakah E.E., Kang K., Ni C., Tang S., Wang J.	2014	Malaria Journal	13	1	10.1186/1475-2875-13-272	School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Panyu District, Guangzhou 510006, China; Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; National Engineering Laboratory of Rapid Diagnostic Tests, Guangzhou Wondfo Biotech Co Ltd, Science City, Lizhishan Rd No 8, Luogang District, Guangzhou 510663, China	Wang, J., School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Panyu District, Guangzhou 510006, China; Dzakah, E.E., School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Panyu District, Guangzhou 510006, China, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana, National Engineering Laboratory of Rapid Diagnostic Tests, Guangzhou Wondfo Biotech Co Ltd, Science City, Lizhishan Rd No 8, Luogang District, Guangzhou 510663, China; Kang, K., School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Panyu District, Guangzhou 510006, China, National Engineering Laboratory of Rapid Diagnostic Tests, Guangzhou Wondfo Biotech Co Ltd, Science City, Lizhishan Rd No 8, Luogang District, Guangzhou 510663, China; Ni, C., School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Panyu District, Guangzhou 510006, China; Tang, S., National Engineering Laboratory of Rapid Diagnostic Tests, Guangzhou Wondfo Biotech Co Ltd, Science City, Lizhishan Rd No 8, Luogang District, Guangzhou 510663, China; Wang, J., National Engineering Laboratory of Rapid Diagnostic Tests, Guangzhou Wondfo Biotech Co Ltd, Science City, Lizhishan Rd No 8, Luogang District, Guangzhou 510663, China	Background: Misdiagnosis of malaria by commercial rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) is a major cause of concern in the diagnosis of malaria. This retrospective study was aimed at assessing the relative performance of four RDTs with emphasis on the detection of two Plasmodium vivax antigens: aldolase and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Methods. Three commercially available Plasmodium LDH or aldolase antigen detection kits (One Step Malaria P.f/P.v, ParaHit Total ver. 1.0, SD Bioline Malaria) and an anti-P. vivax aldolase-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) pair 1C3-12 F10 were evaluated with P. vivax positive as well as non-P. vivax samples and healthy samples using blood smear examination as standard. Each test was read according to the manufacturer's instructions. Results: MAb 1C3-12 F10 pair targeting P. vivax-specific aldolase exhibited very good specificity and sensitivity of 100 and 97.4%, respectively. Positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of 100 and 99.5%, respectively, were also observed. The anti-P. vivax LDH in the One-Step Malaria P.f/P.v test showed sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of 93.5, 98.0, 88.9 and 98.8%, respectively. ParaHit Total ver. 1.0 targeting the pan-aldolase antigen showed sensitivity, specificity of 97.4 and 99.6%, respectively. PPV and NPV were both 99.5%. SD Bioline had sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of 93.5, 100, 100 and 98.8%, respectively. The overall sensitivity and specificity of all four RDTs were acceptable, especially for the aldolase detection tests. Five (6.5%) of the P. vivax-positive samples (n = 77) that were confirmed by microscopic examination as well as the two aldolase detection RDTs (mAb 1C3-12 F10 and ParaHit Total ver.1.0) were undetected by the two LDH detection RDTs (One Step Malaria P.f/P.v and SD Bioline). Similarly, two positive samples (2.6%) that were positively confirmed by the LDH detection RDTs were also undetected by the aldolase detection test kits. Conclusion: Aldolase and LDH antigens perform differently in different P. vivax samples; hence there is a high risk of misdiagnosis when monoclonal antibodies are used against only one particular antigen in the test. A combination of both aldolase and LDH in RDTs for the rapid diagnosis of P. vivax will enhance the sensitivity of the assay and reduce misdiagnosis. © 2014 Dzakah et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Aldolase; Antigen; Malaria; Misdiagnosis; Plasmodium vivax	fructose bisphosphate aldolase; lactate dehydrogenase; monoclonal antibody; monoclonal antibody 1C3 12 F10; unclassified drug; fructose bisphosphate aldolase; lactate dehydrogenase; monoclonal antibody; parasite antigen; protozoon antibody; antigen detection; article; blood smear; controlled study; diagnostic test accuracy study; human; intermethod comparison; major clinical study; malaria rapid test; microscopy; nonhuman; parasite identification; Plasmodium falciparum; Plasmodium malariae; Plasmodium vivax; Plasmodium vivax malaria; predictive value; retrospective study; sensitivity and specificity; blood; comparative study; diagnostic test; diagnostic use; evaluation study; hospital information system; immunoassay; Malaria, Vivax; procedures; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Protozoan; Antigens, Protozoan; Diagnostic Tests, Routine; Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase; Humans; Immunoassay; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Malaria, Vivax; Point-of-Care Systems; Retrospective Studies; Sensitivity and Specificity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33646371453	Evaluation of eplerenone in the subgroup of EPHESUS patients with baseline left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 30%	Pitt B., Gheorghiade M., Zannad F., Anderson J.L., van Veldhuisen D.J., Parkhomenko A., Corbalan R., Klug E.Q., Mukherjee R., Solomon H.	2006	European Journal of Heart Failure	8	3	10.1016/j.ejheart.2005.11.008	University of Michigan Medical Center, Alfred Taubman Health Care Center, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States; Clinical Investigation Center INSERM-CHU, Nancy Hopital Jeanne d'Arc, Dommartin-les Toul, France; LDS Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; University Hospital Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands; Institute of Cardiology, Intensive Care Department, Kyiv, Ukraine; Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Clinical Hospital, the Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Sunninghill Hospital, Sunninghill, South Africa; Pfizer Inc, New York, NY, United States	Pitt, B., University of Michigan Medical Center, Alfred Taubman Health Care Center, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Gheorghiade, M., Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States; Zannad, F., Clinical Investigation Center INSERM-CHU, Nancy Hopital Jeanne d'Arc, Dommartin-les Toul, France; Anderson, J.L., LDS Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; van Veldhuisen, D.J., University Hospital Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands; Parkhomenko, A., Institute of Cardiology, Intensive Care Department, Kyiv, Ukraine; Corbalan, R., Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Clinical Hospital, the Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Klug, E.Q., Sunninghill Hospital, Sunninghill, South Africa; Mukherjee, R., Pfizer Inc, New York, NY, United States; Solomon, H., Pfizer Inc, New York, NY, United States	Aims: Because of the prognostic importance of LV dysfunction following an AMI and the increasing use of electrical and/or mechanical interventions in patients with LV systolic dysfunction, this retrospective analysis of EPHESUS patients with LVEF ≤ 30% at baseline was conducted to determine the value of eplerenone in this setting. Methods and results: In EPHESUS, 6632 patients with LVEF ≤ 40% and clinical heart failure (HF) post-AMI who were receiving standard therapy were randomized to eplerenone 25 mg/day titrated to 50 mg/day or placebo for a mean follow-up of 16 months. Treatment with eplerenone in the subgroup of patients with LVEF ≤ 30% (N = 2106) resulted in relative risk reductions of 21% versus placebo in both all-cause mortality (P = 0.012) and cardiovascular (CV) mortality/CV hospitalization (P = 0.001), and 23% for CV mortality (P = 0.008). The relative risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) was reduced 33% (P = 0.01) and HF mortality/HF hospitalization was reduced 25% (P = 0.005) with eplerenone compared with placebo. Within 30 days of randomization, eplerenone resulted in relative risk reductions of 43% for all-cause mortality (P = 0.002), 29% for CV mortality/CV hospitalization (P = 0.006), and 58% for SCD (P = 0.008). Conclusions: Treatment with eplerenone plus standard therapy in patients with post-AMI HF and LVEF ≤ 30% provided significant incremental benefits in reducing both early and late mortality and morbidity. © 2005 European Society of Cardiology.	Aldosterone; EPHESUS; Eplerenone; Heart failure; Left ventricular systolic dysfunction	acetylsalicylic acid; angiotensin receptor antagonist; beta adrenergic receptor blocking agent; digitalis; dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase inhibitor; diuretic agent; eplerenone; hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor; placebo; vitamin K group; acute heart infarction; adult; aged; article; controlled study; drug fatality; female; follow up; heart death; heart failure; heart left ventricle ejection fraction; hospitalization; human; hyperkalemia; hypokalemia; major clinical study; male; morbidity; mortality; priority journal; randomization; risk reduction; standard; treatment outcome; Adult; Aged; Female; Heart Failure, Congestive; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardial Infarction; Spironolactone; Stroke Volume; Ventricular Function, Left	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33750109560	Evaluation of eplerenone in the subgroup of EPHESUS patients with baseline left ventricular ejection fraction ≤30% [Beurteilung der wirkung von eplerenon in der subgruppe der EPHESUS-patienten mit einer linksventrikulären auswurffraktion ≤30% zu studienbe	Pitt B., Gheorghiade M., Zannad F., Anderson J.L., Van Veldhuisen D.J., Parkhomenko A., Corbalan R., Klug E.Q., Mukherjee R., Solomon H.	2006	Perfusion	19	42559	None	University of Michigan Medical Center, Alfred Taubman Health Care Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States; Clinical Investigation Center INSERM-CHU, Nancy Hôpital Jeanne d'Arc, Dommartin-les Toul, France; LDS Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; University Hospital Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands; Institute of Cardiology, Intensive Care Department, Kyiv, Ukraine; Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Clinical Hospital, Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Sunninghill Hospital, Sunninghill, South Africa; Pfizer Inc., New York, NY, United States; University of Michigan Medical Center, Alfred Taubman Health Care Center, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States	Pitt, B., University of Michigan Medical Center, Alfred Taubman Health Care Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States, University of Michigan Medical Center, Alfred Taubman Health Care Center, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Gheorghiade, M., Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States; Zannad, F., Clinical Investigation Center INSERM-CHU, Nancy Hôpital Jeanne d'Arc, Dommartin-les Toul, France; Anderson, J.L., LDS Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Van Veldhuisen, D.J., University Hospital Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands; Parkhomenko, A., Institute of Cardiology, Intensive Care Department, Kyiv, Ukraine; Corbalan, R., Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Clinical Hospital, Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Klug, E.Q., Sunninghill Hospital, Sunninghill, South Africa; Mukherjee, R., Pfizer Inc., New York, NY, United States; Solomon, H., Pfizer Inc., New York, NY, United States	Aims: Because of the prognostic importance of LV dysfunction following an AMI and the increasing use of electrical and/or mechanical interventions in patients with LV systolic dysfunction, this retrospective analysis of EPHESUS patients with LVEF ≤30% at baseline was conducted to determine the value of eplerenone in this setting. Methods and results: In EPHESUS, 6632 patients with LVEF ≤40% and clinical heart failure (HF) post-AMI who were receiving standard therapy were randomized to eplerenone 25 mg/day titrated to 50 mg/day or placebo for a mean follow-up of 16 months. Treatment with eplerenone in the subgroup of patients with LVEF ≤30% (n=2106) resulted in relative risk reductions of 21% versus placebo in both all-cause mortality (p=0.012) and cardiovascular (CV) mortality/CV hospitalization (p=0.001), and 23% for CV mortality (p=0.008). The relative risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) was reduced 33% (p=0.01) and HF mortality/HP hospitalization was reduced 25% (p=0.005) with eplerenone compared with placebo. Within 30 days of randomization, eplerenone resulted in relative risk reductions of 43% for all-cause mortality (p=0.002), 29% for CV mortality/CV hospitalization (p=0.006), and 58% for SCD (p=0.008). Conclusions: Treatment with eplerenone plus standard therapy in patients with post-AMI HF and LVEF ≤30% provided significant incremental benefits in reducing both early and late mortality and morbidity. © Verlag Perfusion GmbH.	Aldosterone; EPHESUS; Eplerenone; Heart failure; Left ventricular systolic dysfunction	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897839766	Land-use change and its socio-environmental impact in Eastern Ethiopia's highland	Meshesha D.T., Tsunekawa A., Tsubo M., Ali S.A., Haregeweyn N.	2014	Regional Environmental Change	14	2	10.1007/s10113-013-0535-2	Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori, 680-0001, Japan; Department of Geology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002 UP, India; Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle University, Tigray, P.O. Box 231, Mek'ele, Ethiopia; Institutes for Soil, Climate and Water, Agricultural Research Council, 600 Belvedere Street, Arcadia, Pretoria, 0083, South Africa	Meshesha, D.T., Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori, 680-0001, Japan; Tsunekawa, A., Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori, 680-0001, Japan; Tsubo, M., Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori, 680-0001, Japan, Institutes for Soil, Climate and Water, Agricultural Research Council, 600 Belvedere Street, Arcadia, Pretoria, 0083, South Africa; Ali, S.A., Department of Geology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002 UP, India; Haregeweyn, N., Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori, 680-0001, Japan, Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle University, Tigray, P.O. Box 231, Mek'ele, Ethiopia	The Alemaya district (Eastern Ethiopian highlands) is characterized by undulating physiographic features with arid, semi-arid, and humid climatic conditions. This study evaluated socio-environmental changes in land use and land cover during 1985-2011. Screen digitization on remotely sensed data (i.e., Landsat images from 1985 to 2011) was performed to produce 10 classes of land use and land cover. Then, final land-use maps were prepared using a geographic information system following field verification and accuracy assessment. The drying of water bodies, including the prominent lakes Alemaya, Adele, and Tinike, had been the most important environmental change observed. Degraded land, marsh, perennial cropland, and residential areas increased by 37, 438, 42, and 190 %, respectively, whereas grassland, plantation, shrubland, and temporal cropland decreased by 64, 11, 63, and 29 %, respectively. The increase in land degradation (+37 %), the other major observed problem, has made large areas unsuitable for agriculture and has reduced crop productivity. These land-use and land-cover changes have affected both the environment and the livelihoods of local residents; especially the issue related to land degradation requires urgent attention. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Alemaya; Image classification; Lake retreat; Land degradation; Land-use change; Satellite image	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33745316776	Impact of missing elements on nutrient use efficiency of sweet corn (Zea mays L. Saccharum) on five tropical soils	Akinrinde E.A., Teboh E.	2006	Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences	9	5	10.3923/pjbs.2006.961.967	Department of Agronomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Akinrinde, E.A., Department of Agronomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Teboh, E., Department of Agronomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	The influence of single element (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) inorganic fertilizers on nutrient use efficiency of sweet corn (Zea mays L. Saccharum) was investigated on some tropical alfisols, ultisols and oxisols of Nigeria. Experimentation involved soils from 5 locations (Enugu, Rockefellar, Alabata, Barthroad and NIFOR) and 7 fertilizer treatments (Control, Complete/adequate nutrient supply, minus (-) N, -P, -K, -Ca and -Mg), replicated three times in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Expectedly, the soils supported crop performance to various extents associated with their fertility levels. Complete nutrient supply and-Ca treatment resulted in the highest biomass production (13.9 and 13.8 g pot-1, respectively) while the control had the least (4.9 g pot-1) followed by-N (5.3 g pot-1)and-P (10.7 g pot-1), indicative of their importance in the nutrition of the crop. The effects on crop nutrient uptake followed the same trend. Nitrogen was the least while K was the most efficiently used nutrient by the crop. Across fertiliser treatments, N use efficiency ranged between 2.4 g g-1 (NIFOR location soil) and 7.0 g g-1 (Bart road location soil). Across soil types, the range was between 2.4 g g-1(-N treatment) to 6.8 g g-1 (with complete nutrient application). Nutrient use efficiencies were highest when the elements considered are omitted in the fertiliser application schedule and/or when its initial content in the soil was low. A categorisation of efficiencies of nutrient use values (into low, medium and high levels) for the soil types was provided on the basis of the experimental data. © 2006 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Alfisols; Nutrient use efficiency; Oxisol; Single element fertilizers; Soil locations; Sweet-corn; Ultisols	Saccharum; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84882996014	Use of volcanic ash and its impact on algae proliferation in drinking water filtration	Mpagi K.H., Rose K., Elzbieta P.	2013	Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development	3	2	10.2166/washdev.2013.080	Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; External Services, National Water and Sewerage Corporation, P.O. Box 7053, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Land and Water Resources Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Brinellvägen 32, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden	Mpagi, K.H., Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Rose, K., External Services, National Water and Sewerage Corporation, P.O. Box 7053, Kampala, Uganda; Elzbieta, P., Department of Land and Water Resources Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Brinellvägen 32, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden	With increasing pollution of the available water resources, development of safe drinking water supplies is increasingly becoming a challenge, both for developing and developed countries. To alleviate the prevailing difficulties, approaches should focus on sustainable water supply and treatment systems that require minimal maintenance and operator skills. In this study, a pre-treatment of water containing algae using a combination of volcanic ash (VA) and sand in a filtration system was assessed. The results indicated that a combination of VA and sand performed better in the removal of algae than sand alone. However, it was noted that different algae genera were removed at different rates within the two types of media arrangement. In addition, there was an increase in the filtration run length of the ash-sand columns with VA on top of sand of about two and half times compared with the sand columns. It is therefore anticipated that pre-treatment of raw water laden with algae using ash-sand would probably improve on the performance of the subsequent conventional processes in removing intact cells of algae and thus reduce the threat of releasing toxins into the water that may not be removed by the subsequent conventional treatment processes. © IWA Publishing 2013.	Algae; Drinking water; Filtration; Intact cells; Pre-treatment; Volcanic ash	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84874974802	Impacts of a 'black tide' harmful algal bloom on rocky-shore intertidal communities on the West Coast of South Africa	Branch G.M., Bustamante R.H., Robinson T.B.	2013	Harmful Algae	24	None	10.1016/j.hal.2013.01.005	Marine Research Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, PB X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, PB X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Branch, G.M., Marine Research Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, PB X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Bustamante, R.H., Marine Research Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, PB X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Robinson, T.B., Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, PB X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Algal blooms commonly occur along the South African west coast. In March 1994 a dense bloom developed within St Helena Bay. Its subsequent decay caused near-shore hypoxia and elevated hydrogen sulphide levels, leading to it being termed a 'black tide'. The bloom caused immediate massive intertidal mortalities (95% reduction of biomass), significant changes in community structure, and declines in richness and diversity. Only four taxa were not diminished: ephemeral algae, the gastropod Afrolittorina knysnaensis, the anemone Bunodactis reynaudi and the false limpet Siphonaria capensis. This limpet species subsequently increased at impacted sites relative to controls, probably reflecting reduced competition from other grazers. Ephemeral algae flourished during early recolonisation while grazers were depleted, but declined as grazers re-established. Manipulative experiments demonstrated that grazers do have this capability. Perennial algae also flourished, but lagged behind ephemerals, possibly contributing to their decline. Predators took longest to recover. Differences in the responses of species reflect differing tolerances, zonation patterns and biological interactions. Communities at control sites remained unchanged over the four-year study, and those exposed to a low intensity of the bloom were little affected, but communities exposed to its full intensity failed to recover fully within four years. Increasing frequency of harmful algal blooms along the west coast of South Africa could, therefore, significantly alter rocky-shore communities if intervals between bloom events become shorter than recovery times. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.	Algal bloom; Community impacts; Hydrogen sulphide; Hypoxia; Intertidal; South Africa	Afrolittorina knysnaensis; algae; Anemone; Bunodactis reynaudi; Gastropoda; Siphonaria capensis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84910102395	Lexical ambiguity in Algebra, method of instruction as determinant of grade 9 students’ academic performance in east London district	Olaoye O., Adu E.O., Moyo G.	2014	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	5	23	10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n23p897	University of Fort Hare, South Africa	Olaoye, O., University of Fort Hare, South Africa; Adu, E.O., University of Fort Hare, South Africa; Moyo, G., University of Fort Hare, South Africa	In the domain of mathematics education there have been series of debates on lexical ambiguity in algebra especially with the resurgence of mathematics educators’ awareness of the relevance of language in mathematics education. Therefore, this study investigated lexical ambiguity in algebra, method of teaching as determinant of grade 9 students’ academic performance in East London. A pre-test-post-test-quasi-experimental group design was adopted in the study. A sample of 109 students was involved in the study. The instruments adopted and structured for the study were lexical ambiguity questionnaire (LAAQ). Method of Instruction Questionnaire (MIQ) Problem Based Learning Strategies in two parts (PBLSa) and (PBLSb), Conventional Teaching Guide (C.T.G). They were tested at.05 level of significance using a two-way (2 x 2) Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). The findings showed that students exposed to the PBLS achieved higher than their counterparts that were exposed to the Conventional method. Multiple Comparison Analysis and Tukey post-hoc were employed to detect the source of variation and the direction of significance. The findings also revealed that lexical ambiguity determines students’ academic performance (r=0.422; P<0.05); effect of the experiment on students post-test performance scores in lexical ambiguity (F (2,109) =.926; P< 0.05). Method of teaching is also said to be the determinant of students’ performance (r=0.764, P<0.05). Hence, there is need for teachers to update their knowledge about the problem solving skills that can be used as a remedy to mathematics phobia and ambiguities in algebra word problem; it should also be enshrined into the school curriculum. © 2014, Mediterranean Center of Social and Educational Research. All right reserved.	Algebra; Language; Lexical ambiguity; Linguistic proficiency; Mathematics; Teaching method	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960573679	Performance of six commercial enzyme immunoassays and two alternative HIV-testing algorithms for the diagnosis of HIV-1 infection in Kisumu, Western Kenya	Zeh C., Oyaro B., Vandenhoudt H., Amornkul P., Kasembeli A., Bondo P., Mwaengo D., Thomas T.K., Hart C., Laserson K.F., Ondoa P., Nkengasong J.N.	2011	Journal of Virological Methods	176	02-Jan	10.1016/j.jviromet.2011.05.021	US-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Kisumu, Kenya; Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention, CDC, Atlanta, GA, United States; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Center for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya; Global AIDS Program, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, CDC, Atlanta, GA, United States; US-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Center for Global Health, Atlanta, GA, United States; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium; Center for Poverty-related Communicable Diseases (CPCD), Center for Infection and Immunity (CINIMA), Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development (AIGHD), Netherlands	Zeh, C., US-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Kisumu, Kenya; Oyaro, B., Kenya Medical Research Institute, Center for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya; Vandenhoudt, H., Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium; Amornkul, P., US-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Kisumu, Kenya; Kasembeli, A., Kenya Medical Research Institute, Center for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya; Bondo, P., Kenya Medical Research Institute, Center for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya; Mwaengo, D., Kenya Medical Research Institute, Center for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya; Thomas, T.K., US-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Kisumu, Kenya; Hart, C., Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention, CDC, Atlanta, GA, United States; Laserson, K.F., US-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Kisumu, Kenya, US-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Center for Global Health, Atlanta, GA, United States; Ondoa, P., Center for Poverty-related Communicable Diseases (CPCD), Center for Infection and Immunity (CINIMA), Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development (AIGHD), Netherlands; Nkengasong, J.N., Global AIDS Program, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, CDC, Atlanta, GA, United States	Performances of serological parallel and serial testing algorithms were analyzed using a combination of three ELISA and three rapid tests for the confirmation of HIV infection. Each was assessed individually for their sensitivity and specificity on a blinded panel of 769 retrospective sera of known HIV status. Western blot was used as a confirmatory assay for discordant results. Subsequently, one parallel and one serial testing algorithm were assessed on a new panel of 912 HIV-positive and negative samples. Individual evaluation of the ELISAs and rapid tests indicated a sensitivity of 100% for all assays except Uni-Gold with 99.7%. The specificities ranged from 99.1% to 99.4% for rapid assays and from 97.5% to 99.1% for ELISAs. A parallel and serial testing algorithms using Enzygnost and Vironostika, and Determine followed by Uni-Gold respectively, showed 100% sensitivity and specificity. The cost for testing 912 samples was US$4.74 and US$ 1.9 per sample in parallel and serial testing respectively. Parallel or serial testing algorithm yielded a sensitivity and specificity of 100%. This alternative algorithm is reliable and reduces the occurrence of both false negatives and positives. The serial testing algorithm was more cost effective for diagnosing HIV infections in this population. © 2011.	Algorithm; Alternative; Diagnosis; HIV-1; Immunoassay; Sensitivity; Specificity	antigen p24; glycoprotein gp 41; Human immunodeficiency virus antigen; immunoglobulin G antibody; immunoglobulin M antibody; recombinant protein; adolescent; adult; agglutination test; algorithm; analytical error; article; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; cost control; cost effectiveness analysis; diagnostic accuracy; diagnostic test; diagnostic test accuracy study; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; false positive result; human; Human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection; immunoaffinity chromatography; intermethod comparison; Kenya; major clinical study; parallel testing algorithm; predictive value; priority journal; sensitivity and specificity; serial testing algorithm; serodiagnosis; Western blotting; AIDS Serodiagnosis; Algorithms; Blotting, Western; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; HIV Antibodies; HIV Infections; HIV-1; HIV-2; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Kenya; Predictive Value of Tests; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; Sensitivity and Specificity; Human immunodeficiency virus 1	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-35548972877	To what extent are nurses using recognised IMCI protocols to identify and manage children with HIV: An evaluation of IMCI trained nurses in Kwazulu Natal in the use of the HIV portion of the IMCI algorithm	Haskins J.L.M.	2006	Africa Journal of Nursing and Midwifery	8	2	None	Durban University of Technology, Dept. of Postgraduate Nursing Studies, P.O. Box 1334, Durban 4000, South Africa	Haskins, J.L.M., Durban University of Technology, Dept. of Postgraduate Nursing Studies, P.O. Box 1334, Durban 4000, South Africa	In South Africa HIV infection is an increasing problem. The Department of Health (2004) estimated that by the end of 2003, 5.6 million people had acquired the HIV infection. Given the mother to child transmission of the disease, a paediatric HIV epidemic is expected. These children can be identified and managed using the HIV portion of the IMCI algorithm. This evaluation study sought to assess the accuracy of the use of the HIV portion of the algorithm by IMCI trained nurses in the public sector clinics in KwaZulu Natal province. Quantitative and qualitative procedures were utilized to conduct the survey. Eight nurses were selected through a two phase sampling strategy. The selected nurses were observed and assessed for a total of 72 consultations using a checklist. In addition, a questionnaire was developed and administered to the eight nurses in the original sample as well as 5 others who were conveniently selected. The findings indicate a poor level of accuracy with which IMCI trained nurses' use the algorithm and therefore suggest a poor level of management of HIV infection in children at clinic level in KwaZulu Natal. The findings indicated a reluctance of some IMCI trained nurses to discuss HIV infection with mothers who bring their children to the clinics. Support for IMCI nurses to accurately and effectively use the HIV portion of the IMCI algorithm needs to be introduced in order to provide a better service to children with HIV infection.	Algorithm; Assessment; HIV; IMCI; IMCI trained nurse	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84903942795	Nanofluid Viscosity: A simple model selection algorithm and parametric evaluation	Nwosu P.N., Meyer J., Sharifpur M.	2014	Computers and Fluids	101	None	10.1016/j.compfluid.2014.04.001	National Centre for Energy Research and Development, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of Pretoria, South Africa	Nwosu, P.N., National Centre for Energy Research and Development, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria, Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Meyer, J., Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Sharifpur, M., Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of Pretoria, South Africa	In this paper, a study is undertaken to investigate the degree of variability between empirical nanofluid viscosity data and the viscosity model predictions. It is seen that there is a high degree of variability in the compared data, which suggests that a wide range of constitutive factors need to be incorporated into the models in order to adequately account for the rheological behavior of nanofluids. A selection algorithm is also proposed as a simple but effective tool for the model selection process in different nanofluidic conditions/compositions; consequently the odds of redundancy are substantially reduced. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.	Algorithm; Model; Nanofluid; Viscosity	Algorithms; Models; Viscosity; Degree of variability; High degree of variability; Model Selection; Nanofluids; Rheological behaviors; Selection algorithm; Simple modeling; Viscosity modeling; Nanofluidics	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84877900719	Evaluation of current rapid HIV test algorithms in Rakai, Uganda	Galiwango R.M., Musoke R., Lubyayi L., Ssekubugu R., Kalibbala S., Ssekweyama V., Mirembe V., Nakigozi G., Reynolds S.J., Serwadda D., Gray R.H., Kigozi G.	2013	Journal of Virological Methods	192	02-Jan	10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.04.003	Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States; Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Division of Intramural Research, NIAID National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Makerere College of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda; Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, United States	Galiwango, R.M., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda; Musoke, R., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda; Lubyayi, L., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda; Ssekubugu, R., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda; Kalibbala, S., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda; Ssekweyama, V., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda; Mirembe, V., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda; Nakigozi, G., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda; Reynolds, S.J., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Division of Intramural Research, NIAID National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, United States; Serwadda, D., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda, Makerere College of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda; Gray, R.H., Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States; Kigozi, G., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda	Rapid HIV tests are a crucial component of HIV diagnosis in resource limited settings. In Uganda, the Ministry of Health allows both serial and parallel HIV rapid testing using Determine, Stat-Pak and Uni-Gold. In serial testing, a non-reactive result on Determine ends testing. The performance of serial and parallel algorithms with Determine and Stat-Pak test kits was assessed. A cross-sectional diagnostic test accuracy evaluation using three rapid HIV test kits as per the recommended parallel test algorithm was followed by EIA-WB testing with estimates of the performance of serial testing algorithm. In 2520 participants tested by parallel rapid algorithms, 0.6% had weakly reactive result. Parallel testing had 99.7% sensitivity and 99.8% specificity. If Stat-Pak was used as the first screening test for a serial algorithm, the sensitivity was 99.6% and specificity was 99.7%. However, if Determine was used as the screening test, sensitivity was 97.3% and specificity was 99.9%. Serial testing with Stat-Pak as the initial screening test performed as well as parallel testing, but Determine was a less sensitive screen. Serial testing could be cost saving. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.	Algorithms; HIV; Rakai-Uganda; Rapids testing	adolescent; adult; age distribution; algorithm; article; controlled study; cost control; cross-sectional study; diagnostic accuracy; diagnostic test accuracy study; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; female; high risk population; HIV rapid test; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; infection risk; major clinical study; male; predictive value; priority journal; screening test; sensitivity and specificity; Uganda; Western blotting; Adolescent; Adult; Algorithms; Diagnostic Tests, Routine; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Sensitivity and Specificity; Uganda; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84874958796	Evaluation of the high-resolution CMORPH satellite rainfall product using dense rain gauge observations and radar-based estimates	Habib E., Haile A.T., Tian Y., Joyce R.J.	2012	Journal of Hydrometeorology	13	6	10.1175/JHM-D-12-017.1	Department of Civil Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, United States; African Climate Policy Center, UNECA, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States; NOAA Climate Prediction Center, Camp Springs, MD, United States	Habib, E., Department of Civil Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, United States; Haile, A.T., Department of Civil Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, United States, African Climate Policy Center, UNECA, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Tian, Y., Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States; Joyce, R.J., NOAA Climate Prediction Center, Camp Springs, MD, United States	This study focuses on the evaluation of the NOAA-NCEP Climate Prediction Center (CPC) morphing technique (CMORPH) satellite-based rainfall product at fine space-time resolutions (1 h and 8 km). The evaluation was conducted during a 28-month period from 2004 to 2006 using a high-quality experimental rain gauge network in southern Louisiana, United States. The dense arrangement of rain gauges allowed for multiple gauges to be located within a single CMORPH pixel and provided a relatively reliable approximation of pixel-average surface rainfall. The results suggest that the CMORPH product has high detection skills: the probability of successful detection is ;80% for surface rain rates &gt;2 mm h-1 and probability of false detection &lt;3%. However, significant and alarming missed-rain and false-rain volumes of 21% and 22%, respectively, were reported. The CMORPH product has a negligible bias when assessed for the entire study period. On an event scale it has significant biases that exceed 100%. The fine-resolution CMORPH estimates have high levels of random errors; however, these errors get reduced rapidly when the estimates are aggregated in time or space. To provide insight into future improvements, the study examines the effect of temporal availability of passive microwave rainfall estimates on the product accuracy. The study also investigates the implications of using a radar-based rainfall product as an evaluation surface reference dataset instead of gauge observations. The findings reported in this study guide future enhancements of rainfall products and increase their informed usage in a variety of research and operational applications. © 2012 American Meteorological Society.	Algorithms; In situ atmospheric observations; Radars/Radar observations; Satellite observations	algorithm; error analysis; image resolution; radar; rainfall; raingauge; satellite data; Louisiana; United States	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34447633889	Evaluation of different growth media for the recovery of the species of Alicyclobacillus	Witthuhn R.C., Duvenage W., Gouws P.A.	2007	Letters in Applied Microbiology	45	2	10.1111/j.1472-765X.2007.02182.x	Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa; Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa	Witthuhn, R.C., Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa, Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Duvenage, W., Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Gouws, P.A., Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa	Aims: Five different isolation media, namely potato dextrose agar (PDA), orange serum agar (OSA), K agar, yeast-starch-glucose agar and Bacillus acidocaldarius medium were evaluated for the recovery of Alicyclobacillus spp. from inoculated diluted and undiluted fruit-juice concentrates. Methods and Results: Plates of PDA (pH 3.7), spread with vegetative cells (3.9 × 106 CFU ml-1) of Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris from single-strength pear juice, recovered 2.9 × 106CFU ml -1 after 5 days at 50°C (74% recovery). The recovery of endospores from single-strength pear juice, after a heat treatment at 80°C for 10 min, was higher on spread plates of OSA (pH 5.5) at 50°C for 5 days (97% recovery). Conclusions: PDA (pH 3.7) and OSA (pH 5.5) at 50°C for 3-5 days recovered the highest numbers of vegative cells and endospores of Alicyclobacillus spp. from sterilized fruit juices and concentrates. Significance and Impact of the Study: The most appropriate synthetic media for the recovery of Alicyclobacillus species from inoculated fruit juices and concentrates are shown. © 2007 The Authors.	Alicyclobacillus; Endospores; Fruit juice; Isolation media; Spoilage; Vegetative cells	Bacteria; Cells; Fruit juices; Glucose; Heat treatment; pH effects; agar; bacterium; dilution; glucose; inoculation; sporulation; yeast; Alicyclobacillus; article; bacterial endospore; bacterial growth; bacterial strain; culture medium; heat treatment; nonhuman; vegetative growth; Agar; Bacteriological Techniques; Beverages; Culture Media; Gram-Positive Endospore-Forming Bacteria; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Species Specificity; Temperature; Vitis; Alicyclobacillus; Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius; Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris; Pyrus; Solanum tuberosum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84904573626	Comparing determinants of alien bird impacts across two continents: Implications for risk assessment and management	Evans T., Kumschick S., Dyer E., Blackburn T.	2014	Ecology and Evolution	4	14	10.1002/ece3.1144	Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, United Kingdom; Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, United Kingdom; Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; King Saud University, Riyadh, 1145, Saudi Arabia; Environment Institute, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia	Evans, T., Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, United Kingdom; Kumschick, S., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Dyer, E., Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, United Kingdom, Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; Blackburn, T., Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, United Kingdom, King Saud University, Riyadh, 1145, Saudi Arabia, Environment Institute, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia	Invasive alien species can have serious adverse impacts on both the environment and the economy. Being able to predict the impacts of an alien species could assist in preventing or reducing these impacts. This study aimed to establish whether there are any life history traits consistently correlated with the impacts of alien birds across two continents, Europe and Australia, as a first step toward identifying life history traits that may have the potential to be adopted as predictors of alien bird impacts. A recently established impact scoring system was used in combination with a literature review to allocate impact scores to alien bird species with self-sustaining populations in Australia. These scores were then tested for correlation with a series of life history traits. The results were compared to data from a previous study in Europe, undertaken using the same methodology, in order to establish whether there are any life history traits consistently correlated with impact across both continents. Habitat generalism was the only life history trait found to be consistently correlated with impact in both Europe and Australia. This trait shows promise as a potential predictor of alien bird impacts. The results support the findings of previous studies in this field, and could be used to inform decisions regarding the prevention and management of future invasions. © 2014 The Authors.	Alien birds; Biological invasion; Habitat generalism; Impact prediction; Life history traits; Risk assessment	None	SNSF, Swiss National Science Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-84943529260	Framework and guidelines for implementing the proposed IUCN Environmental Impact Classification for Alien Taxa (EICAT)	Hawkins C.L., Bacher S., Essl F., Hulme P.E., Jeschke J.M., Kühn I., Kumschick S., Nentwig W., Pergl J., Pyšek P., Rabitsch W., Richardson D.M., Vilà M., Wilson J.R.U., Genovesi P., Blackburn T.M.	2015	Diversity and Distributions	21	11	10.1111/ddi.12379	Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Darwin Building, UCL Gower Street, London, United Kingdom; Department of Biology, Unit Ecology and Evolution, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, Fribourg, Switzerland; Division of Conservation Biology, Vegetation and Landscape Ecology, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, Vienna, Austria; The Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, PO Box 84, Christchurch, New Zealand; Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Müggelseedamm 310, Berlin, Germany; Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 1-3, Berlin, Germany; Department of Community Ecology, UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, Halle, Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Botany and Zoology, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa; South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch National Botanical Gardens, Claremont, South Africa; Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic; Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 7, Praha 2, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Biodiversity and Nature Conservation, Environment Agency Austria, Spittelauer Lände 5, Vienna, Austria; Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Avda. Américo Vespucio s/n Isla de la Cartuja, Sevilla, Spain; ISPRA, Inst. for Environmental Protection and Research and Chair IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group, Via Vitaliano Brancati 48, Rome, Italy; Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Program, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Environment Institute, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia	Hawkins, C.L., Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Darwin Building, UCL Gower Street, London, United Kingdom; Bacher, S., Department of Biology, Unit Ecology and Evolution, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, Fribourg, Switzerland; Essl, F., Division of Conservation Biology, Vegetation and Landscape Ecology, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, Vienna, Austria; Hulme, P.E., The Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, PO Box 84, Christchurch, New Zealand; Jeschke, J.M., Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Müggelseedamm 310, Berlin, Germany, Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 1-3, Berlin, Germany; Kühn, I., Department of Community Ecology, UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, Halle, Germany, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, Leipzig, Germany; Kumschick, S., Department of Botany and Zoology, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch National Botanical Gardens, Claremont, South Africa; Nentwig, W., Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, Bern, Switzerland; Pergl, J., Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic; Pyšek, P., Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic, Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 7, Praha 2, Prague, Czech Republic; Rabitsch, W., Department of Biodiversity and Nature Conservation, Environment Agency Austria, Spittelauer Lände 5, Vienna, Austria; Richardson, D.M., Department of Botany and Zoology, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa; Vilà, M., Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Avda. Américo Vespucio s/n Isla de la Cartuja, Sevilla, Spain; Wilson, J.R.U., Department of Botany and Zoology, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch National Botanical Gardens, Claremont, South Africa; Genovesi, P., ISPRA, Inst. for Environmental Protection and Research and Chair IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group, Via Vitaliano Brancati 48, Rome, Italy; Blackburn, T.M., Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Darwin Building, UCL Gower Street, London, United Kingdom, Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Program, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Environment Institute, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia	Recently, Blackburn et al. (2014) developed a simple, objective and transparent method for classifying alien taxa in terms of the magnitude of their detrimental environmental impacts in recipient areas. Here, we present a comprehensive framework and guidelines for implementing this method, which we term the Environmental Impact Classification for Alien Taxa, or EICAT. We detail criteria for applying the EICAT scheme in a consistent and comparable fashion, prescribe the supporting information that should be supplied along with classifications, and describe the process for implementing the method. This comment aims to draw the attention of interested parties to the framework and guidelines, and to present them in their entirety in a location where they are freely accessible to any potential users. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.	Alien; Environment; Impact; IUCN	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84890876053	Performance of invasive alien fountain grass (Pennisetum setaceum) along a climatic gradient through three South African biomes	Rahlao S.J., Milton S.J., Esler K.J., Barnard P.	2014	South African Journal of Botany	91	None	10.1016/j.sajb.2013.11.013	Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Climate Change and Bio-Adaptation Division, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag X7, Claremont 7735, South Africa; DST Centre of Excellence, Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	Rahlao, S.J., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Milton, S.J., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa, DST Centre of Excellence, Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Esler, K.J., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Barnard, P., Climate Change and Bio-Adaptation Division, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag X7, Claremont 7735, South Africa, DST Centre of Excellence, Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	The knowledge of relative performance of plants across environmental gradients is critical for their effective management and for understanding future range expansion. Pennisetum setaceum is an invasive perennial grass found along roadsides and other disturbed sites in South Africa. The performance of this grass in response to competition, habitat characteristics and resources was experimentally tested in three biomes (Karoo, Fynbos and Savanna) of South Africa. A total of 846 young P. setaceum seedlings were translocated to study sites in May 2007. The seedlings were grown in 94 plots along random transects, of which alternate halves were cleared of vegetation. Despite a variety of environmental hazards at these sites, over 30% of the transplanted seedlings survived over 15. months. Competition from resident vegetation was a major factor limiting the establishment of seedlings. However, under adequate rainfall and historical disturbance (mine dump), competition effects were overridden. Survival of seedlings was greatest in the Karoo National Park, possibly because of summer rainfall that occurred shortly after translocation. Despite differences in the survival and growth rates, seedlings remained alive at all sites, especially if they survived the first six months after translocation. P. setaceum is capable of persisting across a broad range of environmental conditions. Management efforts should aim to reduce seed production and establishment along roadsides that act as conduits into protected sites. This could be best achieved by maintaining as much indigenous cover along road verges as possible, as seeds survive best where competition is low. © 2013 South African Association of Botanists.	Alien grass; Biological invasions; Competition; Disturbance; Seedling translocation; Transplant experiment	biological invasion; biome; climate variation; fynbos; grass; habitat management; introduced species; Karoo Supergroup; performance assessment; roadside environment; savanna; spatiotemporal analysis; translocation; Karoo National Park; South Africa; Western Cape	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77951194854	Diet breadth influences how the impact of invasive plants is propagated through food webs	Carvalheiro L.G., Buckley Y.M., Jane M.	2010	Ecology	91	4	10.1890/08-2092.1	University of Bristol, School of Biological Sciences, Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UG, United Kingdom; University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences, QLD 4072, Australia; CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia; South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Claremont 7735, Cape Town, South Africa	Carvalheiro, L.G., University of Bristol, School of Biological Sciences, Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UG, United Kingdom, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Claremont 7735, Cape Town, South Africa; Buckley, Y.M., University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences, QLD 4072, Australia, CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia; Jane, M., University of Bristol, School of Biological Sciences, Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UG, United Kingdom	Invasive plants are considered a major cause of ecosystem degradation worldwide. While their impacts on native plants have been widely reported, there is little information on how these impacts propagate through food webs and affect species at higher trophic levels. Using a quantitative food web approach we evaluated the impacts of an invasive plant on plant-herbivore-parasitoid communities, asking specifically how diet breadth influences the propagation of such impacts. Measuring the impact of the alien plant at the plant level seriously underestimated the community-level effect of this weed as it also caused changes in the abundance of native herbivores and parasitoids, along with a decrease in parasitoid species richness. The invading plant affected specialist and generalist subsets of communities differently, having significant and strong negative impacts on the abundance of all specialists with no negative effect on generalist consumers. Specialist consumer decline led to further disruptions of top-down regulatory mechanisms, releasing generalist species from competition via shared natural enemies. Plant invasion also significantly increased the evenness of species abundance of all trophic levels in the food webs, as well as the evenness of species interaction frequency. Extending impact evaluation to higher trophic levels and considering changes in trophic diversity within levels is hence essential for a full evaluation of the consequences of invasion by alien plants. Moreover, information on diet breadth of species in the invaded community should be taken into account when evaluating/predicting the impacts on any introduced species. © 2010 by the Ecological Society of America.	Alien plants; Apparent competition; Avon heath country park; Diet breadth; Dorset; Food web; Gaultheria shallon; Herbivore; Parasitoid; Trophic cascade; UK	degradation; dicotyledon; diet; food web; herbivore; invasive species; native species; parasitoid; species richness; trophic cascade; animal; article; classification; diet; environmental protection; feeding behavior; food chain; host parasite interaction; insect; parasitology; physiology; plant; United Kingdom; Animals; Conservation of Natural Resources; Diet; Feeding Behavior; Food Chain; Great Britain; Host-Parasite Interactions; Insects; Plants; Avon; Dorset [England]; England; United Kingdom; Gaultheria shallon	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84922577041	Explaining the variation in impacts of non-native plants on local-scale species richness: The role of phylogenetic relatedness	Vilà M., Rohr R.P., Espinar J.L., Hulme P.E., Pergl J., Le Roux J.J., Schaffner U., Pyšek P.	2015	Global Ecology and Biogeography	24	2	10.1111/geb.12249	Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Avda Américo Vespucio s/n, Isla de la Cartuja, Sevilla, Spain; Unit of Ecology and Evolution, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland; The Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand; Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Průhonice, Czech Republic; Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa; CABI Switzerland, Delémont, Switzerland; Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 7, Prague, Czech Republic	Vilà, M., Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Avda Américo Vespucio s/n, Isla de la Cartuja, Sevilla, Spain; Rohr, R.P., Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Avda Américo Vespucio s/n, Isla de la Cartuja, Sevilla, Spain, Unit of Ecology and Evolution, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland; Espinar, J.L., Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Avda Américo Vespucio s/n, Isla de la Cartuja, Sevilla, Spain; Hulme, P.E., The Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand; Pergl, J., Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Průhonice, Czech Republic; Le Roux, J.J., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa; Schaffner, U., CABI Switzerland, Delémont, Switzerland; Pyšek, P., Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Průhonice, Czech Republic, Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 7, Prague, Czech Republic	Aim: To assess how the magnitude of impacts of non-native plants on species richness of resident plants and animals varies in relation to the traits and phylogenetic position of the non-native as well as characteristics of the invaded site. Location: Global. Methods: Meta-analysis and phylogenetic regressions based on 216 studies were used to examine the effects of 96 non-native plant species on species richness of resident plants and animals while considering differences in non-native species traits (life-form, clonality or vegetative reproduction, and nitrogen-fixing ability) and characteristics of the invaded site (ecosystem type, insularity and climatic region). Results: Plots with non-native plants had lower resident plant (-20.5%) and animal species richness (-26.4%) than paired uninvaded control plots. Nitrogen-fixing ability, followed by phylogeny and clonality were the best predictors of the magnitude of impacts of non-native plants on native plant species richness. Non-nitrogen-fixing and clonal non-native plants reduced species richness more than nitrogen-fixing and non-clonal invaders. However, life-form and characteristics of the invaded sites did not appear to be important. In the case of resident animal species richness, only the phylogenetic position of the non-native and whether invaded sites were islands or not influenced impacts, with a more pronounced decrease found on islands than mainlands. Main conclusions: The presence of a phylogenetic signal on the magnitude of the impacts of non-native plants on resident plant and animal richness indicates that closely related non-native plants tend to have similar impacts. This suggests that the magnitude of the impact might depend on shared plant traits not explored in our study. Our results therefore support the need to include the phylogenetic similarity of non-native plants to known invaders in risk assessment analysis. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.	Alien species; Biological invasion; Ecological impact; Insularity; Meta-analysis; N-fixing; Phylogenetic regression; Phylogeny; Weeds	animal; biological invasion; ecological impact; introduced species; meta-analysis; nitrogen fixation; phylogenetics; phylogeny; plant; relatedness; species richness; weed; Animalia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84876884028	Physico-chemical impacts of terrestrial alien vegetation on temporary wetlands in a sclerophyllous Sand fynbos ecosystem	Bird M.S., Day J.A., Rebelo A.J.	2013	Hydrobiologia	711	1	10.1007/s10750-013-1470-4	Freshwater Research, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa	Bird, M.S., Freshwater Research, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Day, J.A., Freshwater Research, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Rebelo, A.J., Freshwater Research, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa	Temporary depression wetlands form a characteristic feature of the wet-season landscape in the south-western Cape region of South Africa, yet they remain largely unstudied. We hypothesized that the loss of sclerophyllous Sand fynbos habitat around these temporary wetlands causes in-wetland physico-chemical changes. We expected to observe a decrease in the concentration of humic substances in wetlands and a corresponding rise in surface water pH as fynbos cover decreases around wetlands, in this case owing to alien vegetation invasion. A set of 12 differentially invaded temporary depression wetlands within a Sand fynbos ecosystem in Cape Town were repeatedly sampled during the 2009 wet season. Multivariate gradient analysis techniques revealed associations between fynbos cover bordering wetlands and various physico-chemical and biotope constituents within wetlands. Univariate linear regression models reported strong and temporally consistent negative relationships between terrestrial fynbos vegetation cover and wetland pH and positive relationships with humic content. Results indicate that replacement of Sand fynbos with alien vegetation causes a reduction of humic input to wetlands, which in turn has knock-on effects on other wetland environmental constituents such as pH. These findings are expected to be applicable to any wetland where surrounding humic-rich sclerophyllous vegetation is replaced by a non-sclerophyllous agent. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Alien vegetation; Environmental conditions; Habitat transformation; Temporary wetlands	biological invasion; biotope; environmental conditions; fynbos; habitat loss; habitat quality; humic substance; invasive species; pH; physicochemical property; regression analysis; vegetation cover; vegetation dynamics; wetland; Cape Town; South Africa; Western Cape	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84886794908	Environmental impacts of drilling mud and cutting wastes from the Igbokoda onshore oil wells, Southwestern Nigeria	Gbadebo A.M., Taiwo A.M., Eghele U.	2010	Indian Journal of Science and Technology	3	5	10.17485/ijst/2010/v3i5/29744	Dept. of Environmental Management and Toxicology, College of Environmental Resources Management, University of Agriculture, P.M.B 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Gbadebo, A.M., Dept. of Environmental Management and Toxicology, College of Environmental Resources Management, University of Agriculture, P.M.B 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Taiwo, A.M., Dept. of Environmental Management and Toxicology, College of Environmental Resources Management, University of Agriculture, P.M.B 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Eghele, U., Dept. of Environmental Management and Toxicology, College of Environmental Resources Management, University of Agriculture, P.M.B 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria	The environmental impact of exploratory wastes (drilling muds & cuttings) generated during the drilling of Igbokoda X and Igbokoda Y onshore oil wells, was studied by analyzing its total hydrocarbon (TPH), aliphatic hydrocarbon (AH), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) using gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS) method and metal contents using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The aim was to determine their toxicity and possible impacts on their immediate environments of disposal. These drilled wastes generated from the drilling of Igbokoda X and Igbokoda onshore wells indicated an exceedingly very high values of AH compared with the values of PAHs in both the oil based and water based muds and cuttings respectively. These values of aliphatic is generally > 5000 mg/kg in all oil based sample types analyzed for the drilled muds and generally > 4000 mg/kg in all the sample types analyzed for the drilled cuttings. However, these values of the AH varied according to sample types with the water based drilled mud collected at the depth of 4121-10171 feet having values of > 6000 mg/kg while the value in the water based drilled cuttings is generally < 5000 mg/kg. Both the oil based drilled mud and cuttings have higher values of PAHs at the drilled samples collected between 0-4121 feet than deeper depth and composite samples. Iron (Fe) has the highest concentration followed by calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) with varying level of toxic metals like lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), Manganese (Mn) and Chromium (Cr) in both the oil and water based drilled mud and cuttings from Igbokoba X and Igbokoba Y wells. Most of the analyzed parameters (AH, PAHs, TPH) and metals like Pb, Mn, Cr, etc. generally have values higher than that of the United States Environmental Protection Agency, Federal Environmental Protection Agency and Directorate of Petroleum Resources Standards in some cases thereby implying possible negative impacts on the immediate environments. © Indian Society for Education and Environment (iSee).	Aliphatic hydrocarbon; Igbokoba; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; Total hydrocarbon	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84924292420	Design, synthesis and evaluation of small molecule imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazoles as inhibitors of transforming growth factor-β type-I receptor kinase (ALK5)	Patel H.M., Sing B., Bhardwaj V., Palkar M., Shaikh M.S., Rane R., Alwan W.S., Gadad A.K., Noolvi M.N., Karpoormath R.	2015	European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry	93	None	10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.09.002	Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ASBASJSM College of Pharmacy, Bela (Ropar), Punjab, India; Department of Biotechnology, Bioinformatics and Pharmacy, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India; Faculty of Medical Sciences, EWMS Complex, Mt. Hope, University of the West Indies, West Indies, Trinidad and Tobago; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shree Dhanvantary Pharmacy College, Kim (Surat), Gujarat, India	Patel, H.M., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa; Sing, B., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ASBASJSM College of Pharmacy, Bela (Ropar), Punjab, India; Bhardwaj, V., Department of Biotechnology, Bioinformatics and Pharmacy, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India; Palkar, M., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa; Shaikh, M.S., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa; Rane, R., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa; Alwan, W.S., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa; Gadad, A.K., Faculty of Medical Sciences, EWMS Complex, Mt. Hope, University of the West Indies, West Indies, Trinidad and Tobago; Noolvi, M.N., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shree Dhanvantary Pharmacy College, Kim (Surat), Gujarat, India; Karpoormath, R., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa	A new series of imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazoles 5(a-g), 6(a-g), 9(a-i) and 12(a-h) were synthesized as transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) type I receptor (also known as activin receptor-like kinase 5 or ALK5) inhibitors. These compounds were evaluated for their ALK5 inhibitory activity in an enzyme assay and their TGF-β -induced Smad2/3 phosphorylation inhibitory activity in a cell-based assay. Compound 6d, 2-(5-((2-cyclopropyl-6-(4-fluorophenyl) imidazo [2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazol-5-yl)methylene)-4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidin-3-yl) acetic acid, shows prominent ALK5 inhibition (IC50 Combining double low line 0.0012 μM) and elective inhibition (91%) against the P38αkinase at10 μM. The binding mode of compound 6d by XP docking studies shows that it fits well into the active site cavity of ALK5 by forming broad and tight interactions. Lipinski's rule and in silico ADME pharmacokinetic parameters are within the acceptable range defined for human use thereby indicating their potential as a drug-like molecules. © 2014 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.	ALK5; Lipinski's rule; Synthesis imidazo [2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole; XP docking	2 (2 m tolylimidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4]thiadiazol 6 yl)phenol; 2 (2,4 dichlorophenyl) 6 phenylimidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4]thiadiazole; 2 (5 ((2 cyclopropyl 6 (2,4 dichlorophenyl)imidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4]thiazol 5 yl)methylene) 4 oxo 2 thioxothiazolidin 3 yl)acetic acid; 2 (5 ((2 cyclopropyl 6 (2,4 dihydroxyphenyl)imidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4]thiadiazol 5 yl)methylene) 4 oxo 2 thioxothiazolidin 3 yl)acetic acid; 2 (5 ((2 cyclopropyl 6 phenylimidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4]thiadiazol 5 yl)methylene) 4 oxo 2 thioxothiazolidin 3 yl)acetic acid; 2 (5 ((6 (3 aminophenyl) 2 cyclopropylimidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4]thiadiazol 5 yl)methylene) 4 oxo 2 thioxothiazolidin 3 yl)acetic acid; 2 (5 ((6 (4 bromophenyl) 2 cyclopropylimidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4]thiadiazol 5 yl)methylene) 4 oxo 2 thioxothiazoldin 3 yl)acetic acid; 2 (5 ((6 (4 bromophenyl) 2 cyclopropylimidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4]thiadiazol 5 yl)methylene) 4 oxo 2 thioxothiazolidin 3 yl)acetic acid; 2 (5 ((6 (4 chlorophenyl) 2 cyclopropylimidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4]thiadiazol 5 yl)methylene) 4 oxo 2 thioxothiazolidin 3 yl)acetic acid; 2 cyclopropyl 6 (2,4 dichlorophenyl)imidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4] thiadiazole 5 carbaldehyde; 2 cyclopropyl 6 (2,4 dihydroxyphenyl)imidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4] thiadiazole 5 carbaldehyde; 2 cyclopropyl 6 (4 fluorophenyl)imidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4]thiadiazole 5 carbaldeyde; 2 cyclopropyl 6 phenylimidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4]thiadiazole 5 carbaldehyde; 3 (2 (2,4 dichlorophenyl)imidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4]thiadiazol 6 yl)aniline; 3 (2 m tolylimidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4]thiadiazol 6 yl)aniline; 4 (2 (2,4 dichlorophenyl)imidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4]thiadiazol 6 yl)benzene 1,3 diol; 4 (2 m tolylimidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4]thiadiazol 6 yl)aniline; 4 (2 m tolylimidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4]thiadiazol 6 yl)benzene 1,3 diol; 6 (2,4 dichlorophenyl) 2 m tolylimidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4]thiadiazole; 6 (3 aminophenyl) 2 cyclopropylimidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4]thiadiazole 5 carbaldehyde; 6 (4 bromophenyl) 2 (2,4 dichlorophenyl)imidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4]thiadiazole; 6 (4 bromophenyl) 2 cyclopropylimidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4]thiadiazole 5 carbaldeyde; 6 (4 bromophenyl) 2 m tolylimidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4]thiadiazole; 6 (4 chlorophenyl) 2 cyclopropylimidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4]thiadiazole 5 carbaldehyde; 6 (4 chlorophenyl) 2 m tolylimidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4]thiadiazole; 6 (4 methoxyphenyl) 2 m tolylimidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4]thiadiazole; 6 phenyl 2 m tolylimidazo[2,1 b][1,3,4]thiadiazole; thiadiazole derivative; transforming growth factor beta receptor 1; unclassified drug; unindexed drug; protein kinase inhibitor; protein serine threonine kinase; TGF-beta type I receptor; thiadiazole derivative; transforming growth factor beta receptor; Article; cell assay; computer model; drug design; drug inhibition; drug synthesis; IC50; protein phosphorylation; antagonists and inhibitors; CACO 2 cell line; chemical structure; chemistry; drug design; human; protein conformation; synthesis; Caco-2 Cells; Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic; Drug Design; Humans; Models, Molecular; Protein Conformation; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases; Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; Thiadiazoles	National Research Foundation; National Research Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-75149164777	Current impact of mining alkaline rocks on Save River water quality in Zimbabwe	Meck M., Atlhopheng J., Masamba W.R.L.	2009	Journal of African Earth Sciences	55	42371	10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2008.12.006	Department of Geology, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP167, Mt . Pleasant Harare,, Zimbabwe; Environmental Science Department, University of Botswana, Private Bag UB0704, Gaborone, Botswana; Harry Oppeinheimer Okavango Research Centre (HOORC), University of Botswana, Box 285, Maun, Botswana	Meck, M., Department of Geology, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP167, Mt . Pleasant Harare,, Zimbabwe, Environmental Science Department, University of Botswana, Private Bag UB0704, Gaborone, Botswana; Atlhopheng, J., Environmental Science Department, University of Botswana, Private Bag UB0704, Gaborone, Botswana; Masamba, W.R.L., Harry Oppeinheimer Okavango Research Centre (HOORC), University of Botswana, Box 285, Maun, Botswana	Alkaline rocks (phosphate deposits in particular) of igneous origin are currently being mined in Zimbabwe. Exploitation of these deposits, which are associated with metals and non-metals, provides a potential for changing the river water quality in the surrounding areas by increasing metal and phosphates levels in the water, thereby endangering the beneficial use of the river. The aim and objectives of this paper are to enumerate the current impacts associated with mining alkaline rocks on Save River water quality in Zimbabwe using the Dorowa mine as a case study. Though there are several impacts associated with the mining of alkaline rocks, this paper deals only with impacts on water quality. A preliminary assessment of the water quality in the Save River downstream of the Dorowa phosphate mine showed an increase in conductivity, iron content, manganese content, nitrates and hardness when compared to those taken before mining activity began. However, there was no notable increase in phosphate and metals except for Fe and Mn. A plausible explanation for the low phosphate values in the water is that the phosphates are precipitating and settling as sediments. Phosphate is known to effectively remove metals from the surface water through the formation of metal-phosphate minerals. Thus, various pollutants may be adsorbed into sediments accumulated on the bottom of the river. These sediments may accumulate pollutants over long periods and act as new pollutant sources to the overlying water when phosphate desorbs from sediments due to changes in water conditions. Therefore, the sediments can act as a source of water pollution in the future. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Alkaline rocks; Phosphate mining; River water quality	alkaline rock; mining; phosphate; pollutant source; river pollution; water quality; Save River [Southern Africa]; Southern Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879272116	Nutritional evaluation of alkali treated neem kernel cake fed to fattening Uda rams	Aruwayo A., Maigandi S.A., Malami B.S., Daneji A.I., Saulawa L.A., Garba M.G.	2013	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	12	3	None	Department of Animal Science, Federal University Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State, Nigeria; Department of Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Sokoto State, Nigeria; Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University, Dutsin-Ma, Katsina Stat	Aruwayo, A., Department of Animal Science, Federal University Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State, Nigeria; Maigandi, S.A., Department of Animal Science, Federal University Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State, Nigeria; Malami, B.S., Department of Animal Science, Federal University Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State, Nigeria; Daneji, A.I., Department of Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Sokoto State, Nigeria; Saulawa, L.A., Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University, Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State, Nigeria; Garba, M.G., Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University, Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State, Nigeria	The study was conducted to evaluate the growth performance and nutrient digestibility of fattening Uda rams fed Alkali treated neem kernel cake. The experiment was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of Usmanu Danfodiyo University. Sixteen Uda rams were randomly allotted to treatment diets A, B, C and D with 0, 8.33, 16.67 and 24.99% levels of inclusion of ATNKC, respectively. The study lasted for 105 days consisting of 84 days feeding trial and 21 days of digestibility trial which comprised of 14 days for adaption and seven days for collection of feaces. The dry matter digestibility for all the nutrients in the control and test diets was comparable. The performance of the sheep in treatment B recorded the best ADG of 166.67g/day and highest dry matter intake in treatment A. It was recommended in the study that alkali treated neem kernel cake can be safely included in feed of sheep up to 24.99% for the rams. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2013.	Alkaline treated neem kernel cake; Azadirone and nimbin; Uda lambs	alkali; animal experiment; animal food; article; Azadirachta indica; biomass; body growth; controlled study; diet supplementation; feces analysis; food safety; male; neem kernel cake; Nigeria; nonhuman; nutrient uptake; nutritional value; ram (sheep); randomization; Azadirachta indica; Ovis aries	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930002990	Performance evaluation of a membraneless divergent electrode-flow-through (DEFT) alkaline electrolyser based on optimisation of electrolytic flow and electrode gap	Gillespie M.I., Van Der Merwe F., Kriek R.J.	2015	Journal of Power Sources	293	None	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.05.077	Demcotech Engineering, P.O. Box 9624, Edenglen, South Africa; Electrochemistry for Energy and Environment Group, Research Focus Area: Chemical Resource Beneficiation (CRB), North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa	Gillespie, M.I., Demcotech Engineering, P.O. Box 9624, Edenglen, South Africa; Van Der Merwe, F., Electrochemistry for Energy and Environment Group, Research Focus Area: Chemical Resource Beneficiation (CRB), North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Kriek, R.J., Electrochemistry for Energy and Environment Group, Research Focus Area: Chemical Resource Beneficiation (CRB), North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa	A membraneless divergent electrode-flow-through (DEFT) alkaline electrolysis design and operating principle is investigated, which allows for the ohmic drop contribution and performance threshold limitations of a conventional membrane barrier to be overcome. Employing mesh electrodes of 30 mm diameter, operation of the electrolyser at an electrolytic flow velocity of 0.075-0.1 m s-1, resulted in an optimal electrode gap of ∼2.5 mm, while operating at greater velocities (>0.1-0.2 m s-1) allows for the employment of a smaller optimal gap of ∼0.8 mm. At an electrode gap of 2.5 mm and current densities of 3500 mA cm-2, hydrogen purity of 99.83% has been recorded. With pure nickel electrodes current densities of 101.19 mA cm-2 (at 1.80 VDC) and 326.33 mA cm-2 (at 2 VDC) have been achieved, while the use of superior catalysts, namely, RuO<inf>2</inf>/IrO<inf>2</inf>/TiO<inf>2</inf> and Pt for the anode and cathode respectively, resulted in the current densities to increase to 219.99 mA cm-2 (at 1.8 VDC) and 474.40 mA cm-2 (at 2 VDC) at an electrode gap of 2.5 mm and a minimum flow velocity of 0.075 m s-1. The test rig is capable of generating hydrogen at a rate of 63.6 L/hr at normal temperature and pressure (NTP). The production rate follows current density linearly at high overpotentials. © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Alkaline water electrolysis; Hydrogen production; Membraneless	Current density; Electrolysis; Flow velocity; Hydrogen; Hydrogen production; Alkaline electrolysis; Alkaline water electrolysis; Membraneless; Normal temperature and pressures; Operating principles; Optimal electrodes; Superior catalysts; Threshold limitation; Electrodes	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84922321935	Evaluation of the 5 and 8 pH point titration methods for monitoring anaerobic digesters treating solid waste	Vannecke T.P.W., Lampens D.R.A., Ekama G.A., Volcke E.I.P.	2015	Environmental Technology (United Kingdom)	36	7	10.1080/09593330.2014.964334	Department of Biosystems Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Water Research Group, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Vannecke, T.P.W., Department of Biosystems Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Lampens, D.R.A., Department of Biosystems Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Ekama, G.A., Water Research Group, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Volcke, E.I.P., Department of Biosystems Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium	Simple titration methods certainly deserve consideration for on-site routine monitoring of volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration and alkalinity during anaerobic digestion (AD), because of their simplicity, speed and cost-effectiveness. In this study, the 5 and 8 pH point titration methods for measuring the VFA concentration and carbonate system alkalinity (H2CO3∗-alkalinity) were assessed and compared. For this purpose, synthetic solutions with known H2CO3∗-alkalinity and VFA concentration as well as samples from anaerobic digesters treating three different kind of solid wastes were analysed. The results of these two related titration methods were verified with photometric and high-pressure liquid chromatography measurements. It was shown that photometric measurements lead to overestimations of the VFA concentration in the case of coloured samples. In contrast, the 5 pH point titration method provides an accurate estimation of the VFA concentration, clearly corresponding with the true value. Concerning the H2CO3∗-alkalinity, the most accurate and precise estimations, showing very similar results for repeated measurements, were obtained using the 8 pH point titration. Overall, it was concluded that the 5 pH point titration method is the preferred method for the practical monitoring of AD of solid wastes due to its robustness, cost efficiency and user-friendliness. © 2014 Taylor and Francis.	Alkalinity; anaerobic digestion; monitoring; multiple pH-point titration; volatile fatty acids	acetic acid; bicarbonate; butyric acid; isobutyric acid; propionic acid; alkalinity; anoxic conditions; fatty acid; measurement method; monitoring; pH; solid waste; volatile substance; alkalinity; anaerobic digestion; Article; concentration (parameters); continuous stirred tank reactor; flow rate; high performance liquid chromatography; monitoring; municipal solid waste; pH; photometry; solid waste management; titrimetry	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84887963275	Evaluation of the effect of various drying techniques on the composition of the psychoactive phenylpropylamino alkaloids of khat (catha edulis forsk) chewing leaves	Atlabachew M., Chandravanshi B.S., Redi-Abshiro M., Torto N., Chigome S., Pule B.O.	2013	Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia	27	3	10.4314/bcse.v27i3.3	Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Program of Chemistry, College of Science, Bahir Dar University, P.O. Box 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa	Atlabachew, M., Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Program of Chemistry, College of Science, Bahir Dar University, P.O. Box 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Chandravanshi, B.S., Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Redi-Abshiro, M., Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Torto, N., Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa; Chigome, S., Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa; Pule, B.O., Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa	ABSTRACT. The study demonstrated that by freezing or drying under different conditions, cathinone could be detected in the khat (Catha edulis Forsk) samples that have been harvested for more than four months. Freeze drying or freezing in the refrigerator (-20 °C) yielded more than 73% of cathinone. Air drying, sun drying or oven drying at 60 °C resulted in a cathinone composition of 57%, 42% and 36%, respectively. The study confirmed that, freshly harvested tender leaves of khat contained exclusively of cathinone but upon sun drying, part of it decomposes to cathine and norephedrine leaving cathinone as a major component. Thus it is wrong to assume that sun drying the leaves can result complete conversion of cathinone to cathine and norephedrine. Furthermore, the results of the study confirmed that it was possible to preserve khat samples for longer periods after freeze drying or deep freezing without significant loss of cathinone. © 2013 Chemical Society of Ethiopia.	Alkaloids; Cathine; Cathinone; Khat; Norephedrine; Storage	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-40149101709	Evaluation of hypoglycemic activity of glycosides and alkaloids extracts of Picralima nitida stapf (Apocynaceae) seed	Okonta J.M., Aguwa C.N.	2007	International Journal of Pharmacology	3	6	None	Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Okonta, J.M., Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Aguwa, C.N., Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	The blood glucose lowering effect of the seed extract of Picralima nitida has been suggested to be due to its rich indole alkaloids; this study, therefore, is aimed at evaluating the hypoglycemic activity of the alkaloids and glycosides extracts of the Picralima nitida seed. The alkaloids extract of Picralima nitida seed (Apocynaceae) given i.p. caused increase in mean fasting blood glucose levels while the glycosides extract reduced the blood glucose levels in normoglycemic and hyperglycemic rats. Glycosides extract caused significant (p&lt;0.05) percentage maximal reduction of 38.6% (250 mg kg-1) and 22.9% (500 mg kg-1) of the mean fasting blood glucose levels in normoglycemic and 64.4% (250 mg kg-1) and 39.0% (500 mg kg-1) in the hyperglycemic rats. The glycosides extract maintained low mean fasting blood glucose levels throughout the 24 h duration of study in hyperglycemic rats. On subchronic treatment of hyperglycemic rats, glycosides extract (250 mg kg-1) caused 82.99% while glyburide (5 mg kg-1) caused 60.81% reduction of mean blood glucose levels. Thus the hypoglycemic activity of seed extract of Picralima nitida may be resident in the glycosides of the seed extract. © 2007 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Alkaloids; Glycosides; Hyperglycemia; Hypoglycemia; Picralima nitida	alkaloid derivative; alloxan; glibenclamide; glucose; glycoside; Picralima nitida extract; plant extract; unclassified drug; alloxan diabetes mellitus; animal experiment; animal model; Apocynaceae; article; controlled study; diabetes mellitus; diet restriction; drug isolation; female; glucose blood level; glycemic control; hyperglycemia; hypoglycemia; LD 50; male; medicinal plant; mouse; nonhuman; picralima nitida; plant seed; rat	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77957236766	Preparation and evaluation of Jatropha curcas Linneaus seed oil alkyd resins	Odetoye T.E., Ogunniyi D.S., Olatunji G.A.	2010	Industrial Crops and Products	32	3	10.1016/j.indcrop.2010.04.016	Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria	Odetoye, T.E., Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria; Ogunniyi, D.S., Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria; Olatunji, G.A., Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria	Jatropha curcas Linnaeus (JCL) seed oil was utilized in the preparation of four sets of alkyd resin (35%, 50%, 60% and 75% oil formulations) using a two-stage alcoholysis-polyesterification method. The rates of polyesterification depended on the amount of oil used during synthesis. The properties of the alkyds were evaluated. The range of solidification times was between 278 and 442s; also the range of film thickness was between 0.014 and 0.08mm, and the alkyds were readily soluble in turpentine, xylene and butanol. Inclusion of cobalt naphthenate as drier and outdoor temperature (37°C±2) improved the drying properties of all the alkyds. The colours of white gloss paints formulated from the alkyds, considering a pigment-volume concentration of 20.67% in the gloss paint formulation, compared well with that of a paint formulated using a commercial alkyd sample. 1H NMR analysis confirms the expected structure of the alkyds. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.	Alkyds; Jatropha oil; Resin	Alcoholysis; Alkyds; Jatropha curcas; Jatropha oil; NMR analysis; Oil formulations; Outdoor temperature; Paint formulation; Polyesterification; Seed oil; Two stage; Volume concentration; Alkyd resins; Aromatic hydrocarbons; Cobalt; Oils and fats; Paint; Xylene; Resins; alcohol; dicotyledon; nuclear magnetic resonance; pigment; resin; solidification; vegetable oil; volume; xylene; Jatropha; Jatropha curcas	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-61349118751	Impacts of fructification on biomass production and correlated genetic effects in Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.)	Seifert T., Müller-Starck G.	2009	European Journal of Forest Research	128	2	10.1007/s10342-008-0219-5	Department of Forest and Wood Science, Faculty of AgriSciences Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7062, South Africa; Section of Forest Genetics, Technische Universität München, Weihenstephan Center of Life and Food Sciences, Am Hochanger 13, 85354 Freising, Germany	Seifert, T., Department of Forest and Wood Science, Faculty of AgriSciences Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7062, South Africa; Müller-Starck, G., Section of Forest Genetics, Technische Universität München, Weihenstephan Center of Life and Food Sciences, Am Hochanger 13, 85354 Freising, Germany	For the period 2003-2006, fructification of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) was recorded at the Kranzberg forest site in Southern Germany by employing a crane with access to the canopy of more than 266 trees. For each tree, stem diameter and growth parameters were assessed annually as well as biomass of cones and seeds, number of seeds per cone, and proportions of empty seeds for a total of 371 trees with cone crop. Genotypes at 19 enzyme coding gene loci of 110 trees were included in the study of correlations between morphological and genetic traits. Re-scaling the observed values for a virtual pure Norway spruce stand of 1 ha, cone biomass including winged seeds (oven-dried at 38°C) varied between 706.8 kg/ha in 2006 (average value per tree was 3.6 kg) and values close to zero in 2005. Corresponding values for vegetative biomass increment of the coning trees in 2006 were 9,273.0 kg/ha and 10.8 kg/tree. A significant higher biomass investment was determined for dominant trees in terms of absolute cone mass as well as in terms of cone mass relative to vegetative biomass and fructification frequency. No trade-off effects in decreased vegetative biomass growth were found in the fructification year, compared to trees that did not grow cones. Although the dominant trees invested proportionally considerable biomass in cones, they showed no significant reduction in vegetative biomass growth. In the following year no decrease in vegetative growth was detected. Based on logistic regressions and homogeneity tests, respectively, significant genetic effect became evident with respect to the gene loci AAP-B and AAT-C concerning fructification probability in the year with maximum generative biomass investment. These and closely related loci also have been found to be indicative for growth and viability, respectively, in other species. © pringer-Verlag 2008.	Allele; Canopy crane experiment; Coning; Fructification; Generative biomass; Genotype; Logistic regression; Norway spruce; Picea abies; Trade-off; Vegetative biomass	biomass allocation; canopy architecture; fruit production; genotype; growth rate; logistics; parameterization; regression analysis; stem; tree; vegetation structure; Bavaria; Central Europe; Eurasia; Europe; Germany; Kranzberg Forest; Picea abies	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84888371155	Phytotoxicity evaluation of six fast-growing tree species in South Africa	Sunmonu T.O., Van Staden J.	2014	South African Journal of Botany	90	None	10.1016/j.sajb.2013.10.010	Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa	Sunmonu, T.O., Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Van Staden, J., Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa	Vachellia sieberiana, Albizia adianthifolia, Buddleja saligna, Combretum kraussii, Halleria lucida and Rapanea melanophloeos are fast-growing, indigenous tree species in South Africa. They are usually found growing alongside other plants in agricultural systems. In this study, the comparative phytotoxic activity of aqueous leaf extracts of these tree species at different concentrations was investigated using lettuce seeds (Lactuca sativa L.) in a laboratory bioassay. To simulate natural situations, seeds were germinated under 16. h light/8. h darkness in a growth chamber using distilled water as control. The results showed that germination, chlorophyll accumulation and growth indices (plumule and radicle lengths) were significantly inhibited with increasing concentration of plant extracts. The treated lettuce seedlings experienced lipid peroxidation at high extract concentrations (1.0% and 2.0%) as evidenced by increased concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA). In response to this, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) increased at low extract concentration but significantly dropped as concentration increased. These results suggest that aqueous extracts of the studied tree species may produce growth inhibitory substances. Thus, our study revealed that these trees possess phytotoxic activity which could be exploited in the management of weeds in agroforestry systems. © 2013 South African Association of Botanists.	Allelochemicals; Antioxidants; Lipid peroxidation; Oxidative stress; Phytotoxicity	agroforestry; aldehyde; allelochemical; antioxidant; bioassay; chlorophyll; comparative study; enzyme activity; evergreen tree; germination; growth regulator; inhibitor; leafy vegetable; legume; lipid; native species; phytotoxicity; plant extract; potential biocontrol agent; seed; weed control; South Africa; Acacia; Albizia; Albizia adianthifolia; Buddleja; Buddleja saligna; Combretum; Halleria lucida; Lactuca; Lactuca sativa; Rapanea melanophloeos	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84893597433	Evaluation of the allelopathic potential of five South African mesic grassland species	Ghebrehiwot H.M., Aremu A.O., van Staden J.	2014	Plant Growth Regulation	72	2	10.1007/s10725-013-9847-y	Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa	Ghebrehiwot, H.M., Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa; Aremu, A.O., Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa; van Staden, J., Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa	The recent success of Aristida junciformis Trin. and Rupr. and Eragrostis curvula Schrad. Nees in dominating South African grasslands has posed agricultural and ecological threats. With the objective of examining if the current success of the species is related to allelopathy, the present study assessed the allelopathic potential of five common perennial grassland species (Poaceae). Aqueous extracts prepared by soaking separately 2, 10, 25 and 40 g of leaf and root material in 100 mL of distilled-water for 36 h were bioassayed using a biotest species i.e. Grand Rapids lettuce seeds (Lactuca sativa L. cv.). Species, dilution level and plant-part had a highly significant (P < 0.001) effect on germination percentage, as well as shoot and root elongation of the biotest species. At higher concentrations, the leaf extracts of all species showed significant inhibitory activities which declined with increases in dilution level. A. junciformis, E. curvula and Megathyrsus maximus (Jacq.) BK Simon and SWL Jacobs. demonstrated the highest degree of inhibition in germination percentage and subsequent seedling length; with complete inhibition recorded at dilution levels ≥25 % w/v. At high concentration levels, root extracts of all species, except Themeda triandra Forssk. exhibited significant inhibitory effects on germination; with Hyparrhenia hirta (L.) Staph being most inhibitory. Relatively speaking, E. curvula, A. junciformis and M. maximus showed the highest degree of inhibition. These findings suggest that these three species possess strong allelopathic potential. Such an allelopathic supremacy may contribute to their dominance in natural grasslands. Further studies, however, are still required to isolate responsible phytochemicals and to better understand if allelopathic advantage is the key factor contributing to population dynamics in the field. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Allelopathy; Bioassay; Leaf extract; Lettuce seed; Perennial grasses; Seedling growth	None	Claude Leon Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-84867470735	Evaluation of the effect of pollution and fungal disease on pinus radiata pollen allergenicity	García-Gallardo M.V., Algorta J., Longo N., Espinel S., Aragones A., Lombardero M., Bernaola G., Jauregui I., Aranzabal A., Albizu M.V., Gastaminza G.	2013	International Archives of Allergy and Immunology	160	3	10.1159/000341368	Servicio de Alergología e Inmunología Clínica, Hospital Santiago Apostol, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Neiker-Tecnalia, Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Uganda; Departamento de Medio Ambiente y Ordenación Del Territorio, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain; Unidad de Alergia, Hospital Galdácano, Galdácano, Spain; Servicio de Alergia, Hospital Universitario Basurto, Bilbao, Spain; Unidad de Alergología, Hospital de Zumárraga, Zumárraga, Spain; R and D Department, ALK-Abelló S.A., Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Alergología e Inmunología, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pío XII 36, ES-31008 Pamplona, Spain	García-Gallardo, M.V., Servicio de Alergología e Inmunología Clínica, Hospital Santiago Apostol, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Algorta, J., Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain; Longo, N., Servicio de Alergología e Inmunología Clínica, Hospital Santiago Apostol, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Espinel, S., Neiker-Tecnalia, Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Uganda; Aragones, A., Neiker-Tecnalia, Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Uganda; Lombardero, M., R and D Department, ALK-Abelló S.A., Madrid, Spain; Bernaola, G., Unidad de Alergia, Hospital Galdácano, Galdácano, Spain; Jauregui, I., Servicio de Alergia, Hospital Universitario Basurto, Bilbao, Spain; Aranzabal, A., Unidad de Alergología, Hospital de Zumárraga, Zumárraga, Spain; Albizu, M.V., Departamento de Medio Ambiente y Ordenación Del Territorio, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Gastaminza, G., Departamento de Alergología e Inmunología, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pío XII 36, ES-31008 Pamplona, Spain	Background: Pollutants and other stressing factors like mold infection might increase the production of pathogen-related proteins in plants. Since this is invoked as one of the causes for the high prevalence of allergic diseases in developed countries, we aimed to determine the potential effect of environmental pollution, with or without mold infection of the trees, on the allergenic potency of pine pollen (Pinus radiata). Methods: Pine pollen samples were recovered from three selected areas: low polluted (A), highly polluted (B) and highly polluted and infected with fungi (Spheropsis sapinea) (C). The allergenic potency of pollen from areas A, B or C were compared in vivo in 35 pine pollen-allergic patients by skin prick test and specific IgE (sIgE) quantification. Pollen was also analyzed in vitro by SDS-PAGE immunoblotting, RAST inhibition and cDNA-AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) to compare differences in proteins and mRNA expression. Results: The allergenic potency measured by prick test, sIgE and RAST inhibition was greater in pollen A, which was exposed to smaller amounts of NOx, PM10 and SO2 but greater amounts of O3. No differences were found in IgE-binding bands in immunoblotting or densitometry of the bands. In cDNA-AFLP, three homologous transcript-derived fragments were expressed in samples B only, with an expressed sequence tag related with stress-regulated gene expression. Conclusions: A greater allergenic potency, in terms of skin tests and sIgE, is observed in pine pollen coming from unpolluted areas. We consider that this fact might be related to a higher exposure to ozone, resulting in a greater expression of allergenic proteins. © 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel.	Allergenicity; Allergic diseases; Ozone; Pine pollen; Pollution	immunoglobulin E; complementary DNA; immunoglobulin E; nitric oxide; ozone; pollen antigen; adult; allergenicity; article; clinical article; controlled study; female; fungus; gene expression; human; in vivo study; male; mycosis; nonhuman; pine; pollen allergy; pollution; prick test; priority journal; protein expression; sequence analysis; skin test; Spheropsis sapinea; allergenicity; Article; environmental exposure; immunoblotting; in vitro study; particulate matter; pine pollen; Pinus radiata; pollen; pollutant; polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; radioallergosorbent test; restriction fragment length polymorphism; sample; Environmental Pollution; Female; Fungi; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Heat-Shock Proteins; Humans; Immunoglobulin E; Male; Middle Aged; Nitrogen Compounds; Ozone; Pinus; Plant Proteins; Pollen; Protein Binding; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-76249128804	Work-related allergy and asthma in spice mill workers - The impact of processing dried spices on IgE reactivity patterns	Van Der Walt A., Lopata A.L., Nieuwenhuizen N.E., Jeebhay M.F.	2010	International Archives of Allergy and Immunology	152	3	10.1159/000283038	Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa; Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; School of Applied Science, Allergy Research Group, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia	Van Der Walt, A., Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa; Lopata, A.L., Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, School of Applied Science, Allergy Research Group, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Nieuwenhuizen, N.E., Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Jeebhay, M.F., Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa	Background: Three spice mill workers developed work-related allergy and asthma after prolonged exposure to high levels (&gt;10 mg/m3) of inhalable spice dust. Patterns of sensitization to a variety of spices and putative allergens were identified. Methods: Work-related allergy and asthma were assessed on history, clinical evaluation, pulmonary function and fractional exhaled nitric oxide. Specific IgE reactivity to a range of common inhalant, food and spice allergens was evaluated using ImmunoCAP and allergen microarray. The presence of non-IgE-mediated reactions was determined by basophil stimulation (CAST-ELISA). Specific allergens were identified by immunoblotting to extracts of raw and dried processed garlic, onion and chili pepper. Results: Asthma was confirmed in all 3 subjects, with work-related patterns prominent in worker 1 and 3. Sensitization to multiple spices and pollen was observed in both atopic workers 1 and 2, whereas garlic and chili pepper sensitization featured in all 3 workers. Microarray analysis demonstrated prominent profilin reactivity in atopic worker 2. Immunoblotting demonstrated a 50-kDa cross-reactive allergen in garlic and onion, and allergens of approximately 40 and 52 kDa in chili pepper. Dry powdered garlic and onion demonstrated greater IgE binding. Conclusions: This study demonstrated IgE reactivity to multiple spice allergens in workers exposed to high levels of inhalable spice dust. Processed garlic and onion powder demonstrated stronger IgE reactivity than the raw plant. Atopy and polysensitization to various plant profilins, suggesting pollen-food syndrome, represent additional risk factors for sensitizer-induced work-related asthma in spice mill workers. © 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel.	Allergy; Asthma; Garlic; Processed allergens; Spices; Work-related allergy	food allergen; immunoglobulin E; anamnesis; article; atopy; basophil; cell stimulation; clinical assessment; cross reaction; dry powder; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; garlic; immunoblotting; immunoreactivity; inhalation; lung function; molecular weight; nonhuman; occupational allergy; occupational asthma; occupational exposure; occupational hazard; onion; pepper; priority journal; processing; risk assessment; risk factor; spice; spirometry; Adult; Airway Obstruction; Antigens, Plant; Asthma; Blotting, Western; Bronchial Provocation Tests; Capsicum; Female; Food Handling; Food Preservatives; Forced Expiratory Volume; Garlic; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Hypersensitivity, Immediate; Immunoglobulin E; Inhalation Exposure; Lung; Male; Nitric Oxide; Occupational Diseases; Onions; Peak Expiratory Flow Rate; Plant Extracts; Plant Proteins; Pollen; Protein Array Analysis; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial; Skin Tests; Spices; Spirometry	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650444521	Jet lag and environmental conditions that may influence exercise performance during the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa	Schwellnus M.P., Derman E.W.	2010	South African Family Practice	52	3	None	Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Research Center, South Africa	Schwellnus, M.P., Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Research Center, South Africa; Derman, E.W., Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Research Center, South Africa	The 2010 FIFA World Cup will be held in South Africa in June/July 2010. This is the largest international sports event ever to be held in this country. At this time 32 international football teams, with their management and supporters, will travel to South Africa. These players and visitors will be exposed to changes in time zones (those travelling from continents in the East and West) as well as different environmental conditions. In particular, for the players, the achievement of peak sporting performance during this event is most important. It is well established that, in order to achieve peak exercise performance, many variables need to be optimised. These variables include physical and mental training, rest, nutrition, team dynamics and tactics. However, adjustments to differences in time zones as well as environmental factors on and around the playing field can also have a significant impact on exercise performance. In this review, the potential effects of "jet lag", as well as several important environmental conditions, on exercise performance will be discussed. The climatic, atmospheric and weather conditions that are likely to be prevalent in each of the South African host cities at the time of the 2010 FIFA World Cup will be reviewed. Finally, practical recommendations to deal with the effects of jet lag, as well as guidelines to optimise performance under different environmental conditions that are expected during the 2010 FIFA World Cup, will be provided.	Allergy; Cold; Environment; Heat; Jet lag; Performance; Pollution; Soccer; Travel	allergen; carboxyhemoglobin; clorgyline; corticotropin; estradiol; fenclonine; levodopa; lithium; melatonin; ozone; pollen antigen; sulfur dioxide; tricyclic antidepressant agent; volatile organic compound; acclimatization; age distribution; air pollution; allergenicity; article; athletic performance; biological rhythm; body temperature; bronchospasm; chronobiology; circadian rhythm sleep disorder; climate; environmental factor; environmental temperature; exercise; exercise induced bronchoconstriction; football; grass; hemoglobin blood level; human; hyperthermia; hypothermia; jet lag; light dark cycle; particulate matter; pollen allergy; practice guideline; South Africa; time; training; travel; ultraviolet B radiation; weather	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955614278	Ssperformance of poverty alleviation projects in South Africa: The case of Vhembe Districtin Limpopo Province	Tshitangoni M., Okorie A., Francis J.	2011	Scientific Research and Essays	6	5	None	Centre for Rural Development and Poverty Alleviation, School of Agriculture, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa	Tshitangoni, M., Centre for Rural Development and Poverty Alleviation, School of Agriculture, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa; Okorie, A., Centre for Rural Development and Poverty Alleviation, School of Agriculture, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa; Francis, J., Centre for Rural Development and Poverty Alleviation, School of Agriculture, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa	This paper presents the findings of a review of performance of poverty alleviation projects in Vhembe District of Limpopo Province in South Africa. Data were collected from 30 stratified randomly sampled poverty alleviation projects across the district. Five project strata, namely community gardens (n = 12), poultry (n = 8), piggery (n = 2), bakery (n = 2) and other projects, including juice making, brick making, stone crushing and coffin making (n = 6) constituted the sample. One hundred and eight (108) respondents representing the sampled projects were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Data were coded, processed and analyzed using the Microsoft Excel program and matrix of projects performance. Performance of projects differed by type. All the bakery projects were successful, followed by poultry (62%), community garden and other projects with 33% each. In contrast, all the piggery projects were performing poorly. Overall, the projects performed well (above the 50% threshold), based on the following indicators: availability of project funding, level of commitment by project members and skills as well as knowledge gained. Level of production, generation of income and profit, self-reliance and relevance of projects to addressing project members needs indicated that the projects did not perform well. The results of this study reflected areas of serious concern, in particular the low levels of production; irrelevance of projects to addressing project members needs; inability of projects to generate income and profit; and lack of self-reliance. Given the results of this study, it is desirable to evaluate the performance of all PAPs in the province. ©2011 Academic Journals.	Alleviation; Indicator; Performance; Poverty; Project	None	None
WoS	WOS:000251053500027	The impact of lexicographical work on language use: The case of shona monolingual dictionaries in Zimbabwe	Mapara, J.,Nyota, S.	2007	LEXIKOS	17	None	None	Masvingo State Univ	None	This article examines the impact of current lexicographical work in Zimbabwe on some sectors of Shona language use, namely education, media, medicine and local government. It looks specifically at Shona monolingual lexicographical projects completed by the African Languages Research Institute (ALRI),. successor to the African Languages Lexical Project (ALLEX). It analyses how users of Shona in these particular sectors are responding to the different lexicographical products published by ALRI. The article maintains that Shona monolingual lexicography has resulted in language raising and awareness. It has also led to term creation and has contributed towards standardisation of the language. Shona has furthermore gained the abstractive power it needs to explain its own and other concepts. All these have caused diglossia leakage from Low (L) Shona to High (H) Shona in some areas of Shona language usage. The overall effect is that Shona is now used in some formal sectors such as the above-mentioned ones which previously were the preserve of English in Zimbabwe.	ALLEX,ALRI,DICTIONARIES,"GENERAL DICTIONARIES","language awareness","language raising","LANGUAGE USE","monolingual lexicography",SLCA,Specialised,standardisation	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-74549130055	Knowledge transfer and performance in Danish-Ghanaian strategic alliances	Narteh B.	2010	International Journal of Knowledge Management Studies	4	2	10.1504/IJKMS.2010.030792	Department of Marketing, University of Ghana, Business School, P.O. Box LG 78, Legon, Accra, Ghana	Narteh, B., Department of Marketing, University of Ghana, Business School, P.O. Box LG 78, Legon, Accra, Ghana	Although knowledge transfer within international strategic alliances has attracted plenty of scholarly attention, there is a paucity of research about the knowledge transfer process, the type of knowledge transferred, and the impact of the transferred knowledge on alliance performance, especially within developed-developing country-based strategic alliances. Using a knowledge transfer and performance model, this paper investigates how Danish companies transfer knowledge to their Ghanaian counterparts, the type of knowledge transferred, and the impact of the transferred knowledge on the performance of the alliances. The study adopted a multiple case study approach and collected data through personal interviews. The study found that Danish partners transferred mostly technical or coded knowledge through on-the-job training, a method unsuitable for transferring tacit or management knowledge. Moreover, the transferred knowledge did not positively impact the performance of most of the alliances. The paper highlights the implications of the findings for managing knowledge transfer in alliances. Copyright © 2010 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.	Alliance performance; Developed developing countries; International strategic alliances; Knowledge transfer	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84927962459	Collaboration costs and new product development performance	Parker H., Brey Z.	2015	Journal of Business Research	68	7	10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.02.013	Graduate School of Business, University of Cape Town, Portswood Road, Cape Town, South Africa; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, South Africa	Parker, H., Graduate School of Business, University of Cape Town, Portswood Road, Cape Town, South Africa; Brey, Z., Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, South Africa	This study analyzes the relationships between governance in new product development collaboration, collaboration costs, and new product development performance. Data from new technology-based firms indicate that comprehensiveness in formal contractual governance has a stronger negative association with collaboration costs than relational governance does. In addition, collaboration costs relate negatively to new product development performance. This study contributes to understanding transaction costs within collaborative arrangements and the role of relational and formal governance in these arrangements. © 2015 Elsevier Inc.	Alliances; Collaboration; Collaboration costs; Contracts; New product development performance; Relational governance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84905987262	Evaluation of freshly prepared juice from garlic (Allium sativum L.) as a biopesticide against the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)	Nwachukwu I.D., Asawalam E.F.	2014	Journal of Plant Protection Research	54	2	10.2478/jppr-2014-0021	Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany; Department of Plant Health Management, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike,	Nwachukwu, I.D., Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany; Asawalam, E.F., Department of Plant Health Management, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike, P.M.B. 7267 Umuahia, Nigeria	Freshly prepared garlic (Allium sativum L.) juice, containing the antimicrobial allicin, was evaluated as a possible grain protectant against the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.). Each experiment was set out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four replications, and there was a control treatment. Adult mortality and weight loss percentage were investigated. There was an observed increase in adult mortality following days of exposure in all treatments. Statistically significant (p < 0.05) reduced grain loss was also observed in all the treatments when compared with the control. The juice samples were freshly prepared from an indigenous Nigerian garlic cultivar (GUN) and a cultivar purchased from a supermarket in Germany (GAG). These garlic juice samples exhibited lethal effects causing at least 90% adult mortality in contact toxicity tests. The amount of allicin in GUN was 1.88 mg/ml according to High Pressure Liquids Chromatography (HPLC) analysis, while the amount of allicin in GAG was 3.50 mg/ml. This study highlights the potential of A. sativum containing allicin for biorational control of maize grains against S. zeamais infestation and damage.	Allicin; Allium sativum; Biopesticide; Sitophilus zeamais; Stored product	adult; beetle; biopesticide; crop damage; cultivar; high pressure; maize; mortality; toxicity; Germany	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77649104658	Effects of integrating companion cropping and nitrogen application on the performance and infestation of collards by Brevicoryne brassicae	Mutiga S.K., Gohole L.S., Auma E.O.	2010	Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata	134	3	10.1111/j.1570-7458.2009.00952.x	Department of Seed, Crop and Horticultural Sciences, Moi University, PO Box 1125, Eldoret, Kenya; Cornell University, 335 Plant Science Building, Ithaca, NY 14850, United States	Mutiga, S.K., Department of Seed, Crop and Horticultural Sciences, Moi University, PO Box 1125, Eldoret, Kenya, Cornell University, 335 Plant Science Building, Ithaca, NY 14850, United States; Gohole, L.S., Department of Seed, Crop and Horticultural Sciences, Moi University, PO Box 1125, Eldoret, Kenya; Auma, E.O., Department of Seed, Crop and Horticultural Sciences, Moi University, PO Box 1125, Eldoret, Kenya	Sustainable management of cabbage aphids, Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is a major goal for collard, Brassica oleracea (L.) var. acephala (Brassicaceae), growers globally. Host finding ability of insect pests is significantly affected by diversified cropping systems, and this approach is being utilized currently as a pest management tool. Soil nutrition and its interaction with the cropping systems could have a significant effect on the general performance of collards and the infestation by cabbage aphids. In a search for a sustainable cabbage aphid control, a two-season field experiment was carried out with two intercrops, collards and chilli, Capsicum frutescens (L.) (Solanaceae), and collards and spring onions, Allium cepa (L.) (Alliaceae), and a collard monoculture. For each of the cropping systems, nitrogen (N) was applied to the soil as a top-dress at 20, 25, 30, and 35 g per collard plant. The response factors monitored were collard yield (fresh weight) and aphid infestation on collards. Spring onion-collard intercrop had the lowest aphid density and the highest yield. Collard monoculture had the highest aphid infestation and the lowest yield. High levels of N led to increased infestation of collards by aphids, but also led to a significant increase in the yield of collards. Significant interactions between the N rates and the cropping systems were observed on some sampling dates, with the highest yield being realized under a combination of spring onion-collard intercrop at a N rate of 30 g per plant. High aphid density led to a decrease in the yield of collards. It was concluded that with a spring onion-collard intercrop, the soil N level could be raised from the blanket rate of 20-30 g per plant and this would lead to an increase in yield. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 The Netherlands Entomological Society.	Allium cepa; Aphididae; Brassica oleracea var. acephala; Capsicum frutescens; Hemiptera; Intercropping; Top-dress; Yield	agronomy; aphid; crop yield; experimental study; fertilizer application; intercropping; monoculture; pest control; soil nutrient; vegetable; Alliaceae; Allium cepa; Aphididae; Brassica oleracea var. acephala; Brassica oleracea var. capitata; Brassica oleracea var. viridis; Brassicaceae; Brevicoryne brassicae; Capsicum frutescens; Hemiptera; Hexapoda; Magnoliophyta; Solanaceae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84949445102	Toxicological evaluation of drinking water sources in some rural communities in southern nigeria after mycofiltration treatment	Olorunfemi D., Efechuku U., Esuana J.	2015	Polish Journal of Environmental Studies	24	3	10.15244/pjoes/34672	Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Environmental Science Unit, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Department of Science Laboratory Technology, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	Olorunfemi, D., Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Efechuku, U., Environmental Science Unit, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Esuana, J., Department of Science Laboratory Technology, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	Available domestic water in many communities in Nigeria is increasingly polluted on a daily basis. A major issue of national interest is how these polluted drinking water sources could be fully assessed and mitigated. In this study, mycofiltrated domestic water samples obtained from hand-dug wells and boreholes in six rural communities in Ughelli South Local Government Area of Delta State, Nigeria were evaluated for potential cyto-genotoxicity using the Allium cepa bioassay. Data obtained from physicochemical analysis after a 24- hour mycofiltration treatment of the water samples revealed significant (p < 0.05) reduction/total elimination of heavy metals and microbial load in the samples. Results obtained from the 96-hour macroscopic evaluation of A. cepa showed that compared to onions grown in untreated samples, significant (p < 0.05) reduction in root growth inhibition occurred in bulbs cultivated in mycofiltrated samples. Root tips of A. cepa processed for cytological studies by the aceto-orcein squash technique after exposure to the water samples for 48 hours also showed significant (p < 0.05) reduction in chromosomal aberrations in onion bulbs grown in mycofiltrated samples. These findings show that mycofiltration technique is an efficient and affordable technology for toxicity reduction in drinking water sources available for rural dwellers in developing countries. © 2015, Pol. J. Environ. Stud. All Rights Reserved.	Allium cepa assay; Domestic water; Microbial Load; Mycofiltration; Physicochemical analysis	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79959794227	Evaluations of shallot genotypes for resistance against fusarium basal rot (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae) disease	Sintayehu A., Fininsa C., Ahmed S., Sakhuja P.K.	2011	Crop Protection	30	9	10.1016/j.cropro.2011.04.011	School of Plant Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia; International Centre of Agricultural Research in Dry Areas, P.O. Box 5466, Aleppo, Syria, Syrian Arab Republic	Sintayehu, A., School of Plant Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia; Fininsa, C., School of Plant Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia; Ahmed, S., International Centre of Agricultural Research in Dry Areas, P.O. Box 5466, Aleppo, Syria, Syrian Arab Republic; Sakhuja, P.K., School of Plant Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia	Fusarium basal rot (FBR) caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae (Foc) is one of the most significant production constraint to shallot. Field experiment was conducted in a naturally Foc infested soil at Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center during 2006 and 2007 cropping seasons to evaluate the level of resistance of sixteen shallot genotypes against FBR disease. Treatments were arranged in randomized complete block design with four replications. The genotypes significantly varied in their susceptibility to FBR and yield. They were grouped into tolerant, moderately and highly susceptible types. Five genotypes (DZ-Sht-168-1A, DZ-Sht-157-1B, Huruta, Negelle and DZ-Sht-169-1b) were identified to be tolerant as they had reduced disease severity levels from 26.8 to 32.5% and increased mean yield by more than 5 t ha-1 compared to highly susceptible genotypes (DZ-Sht-076-4, DZ-Sht-201-1C and DZ-Sht-054-3A). Among the tolerant genotypes, DZ-Sht-169-1b had greatly reduced bulb rot incidence by 48% in ground storage and 30% in wire mesh shelf as compared to highly susceptible genotype DZ-Sht-201-1C. The tolerant genotypes have high yielding characteristic, and farmers could adopt them for cultivation where FBR is a problem. © 2011.	Allium cepa var. ascalonicum; Bulb rot; Bulb storage; Disease tolerance	crop production; crop yield; cultivar; cultivation; disease resistance; disease severity; experimental design; field method; fungal disease; genotype; monocotyledon; tolerance; yield response; Debre Zeit; Ethiopia; Allium ascalonicum; Allium cepa; Fusarium; Fusarium oxysporum; Fusarium sp.	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84920283501	In vitro and greenhouse evaluation of botanical extracts for antifungal activity against phythopthora infestans	Ngadze E.	2014	Journal of Biopesticides	7	2	None	Crop Science Department, University of Zimbabwe, P.O.Box. MP167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe	Ngadze, E., Crop Science Department, University of Zimbabwe, P.O.Box. MP167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe	The aim of this study was to evaluate plant extracts for antifungal activities against Phythopthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, an important pathogen of potato which causes late blight disease. Acetone, ethyl acetate and water extracts of garlic (Allium sativum L.), Pawpaw (Carica papaya), Neem (Azadirachta indica), Mexican marigold (Tagetes minuta) and peri –winkle (Vinca rosea) were screened in vitro for their antifungal activities against Phythopthora infestans using the disc agar infusion and microtitre double-dilution techniques. The same extracts were then tested for antifungal activity in vivo in the greenhouse on inoculated potato plants. The water extracts of Allium sativum and Azadirachta indica were active against Phythopthora infestans and had a minimum inhibitory concentration (MICs) of 1.65 mg/ml. MICs of Allium sativum, Azadirachta indica and Tagetes minuta acetone extracts were 0.78, 3.13 and 6.5 mg/ml respectively against Phytophthora infestans. Allium sativum and Azadirachta indica water and acetone extracts performed well and they effectively reduced potato late blight in the greenhouse. These extracts compared well with the reductions due to application of Ridomil, a synthetic fungicide applied at 42.5g/l (active ingredient) and also with levels in the non-inoculated control. Allium sativum and Azadirachta indica were effective both in vitro and in vivo in controlling late blight have a potential to be used as fungicides against the disease. The plants are readily available and the extraction method is also simple and could lead to high adoption as fungicides by resource poor farmers. © 2014, Crop Protection Research Centre. All Rights Reserved.	Allium sativum; Azadirachta indica; Carica papaya; Fungicidal; Phytophthora infestans; Tagetes minuta; Vinca rosea	Allium sativum; Asimina triloba; Azadirachta indica; Carica papaya; Catharanthus roseus; Phytophthora infestans; Solanum tuberosum; Tagetes minuta	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883869097	Formulation and evaluation of Allium sativum tablets for improved oral delivery	Onyechi J.O., Chime S.A., Onyishi I.V., Brown S.A., Eleigwe P.O., Onunkwo G.C.	2013	International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research	22	1	None	Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Industrial Pharmacy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Onyechi, J.O., Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Industrial Pharmacy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; Chime, S.A., Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Industrial Pharmacy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; Onyishi, I.V., Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Industrial Pharmacy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; Brown, S.A., Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Eleigwe, P.O., Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Industrial Pharmacy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; Onunkwo, G.C., Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Industrial Pharmacy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria	In view of the widespread use of Allium sativum (garlic) in the treatment of diseases, there is an important need for standardization and quality control in order to enhance their efficacy and improve patient compliance. The aim of the study was to formulate Allium sativum tablets and to evaluate the properties of the tablets. Garlic tablets were prepared by wet granulation using acacia, gelatin and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (SCMC) as binders at concentrations of 2, 4, 6 and 8 % w/w. The tablets were evaluated using both official and non official tests. Also the phytochemical constituents of garlic were studied. The results showed that tablets weight ranged from 301.20 ± 0.40 to 312.40 ± 2.11 mg. The crushing strength of the tablets was affected by the binder type and concentration used. The order of tablets hardness in increasing order is: SCMC > acacia > gelatin. Increase in binder concentration significantly caused an increase in the crushing strength of the tablets (p< 0.05). The tablets also, exhibited percentage friability range between 0.9 to 1.4 %. Garlic tablets formulated with acacia significantly (p< 0.05) exhibited the fastest disintegration time of all the batches. The order of tablets performance in terms of disintegration time is acacia > gelatin > SCMC. The results of some phytochemical constituents of Allium sativum showed that Allium sativum extract contains alkaloids, saponin, flavonoids, carbohydrates and proteins. Therefore, garlic tablets could be formulated by wet granulation using acacia, gelatin or SCMC in order to standardize the formulation.	Allium sativum; Garlic; Phytochemicals; Quality control; Tablets	carboxymethylcellulose; garlic extract; gelatin; herbaceous agent; article; concentration (parameters); crushing strength; drug determination; drug granulation; garlic; tablet disintegration time; tablet formulation; tablet friability	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78751499493	Impact of introducing reserve flows on abstractive uses in water stressed catchment in Kenya: Application of WEAP21 model	Akivaga E.M., Otieno F.A.O., Kipkorir E.C., Kibiiy J., Shitote S.	2010	International Journal of Physical Sciences	5	16	None	Durban University of Technology, P. O. Box 1334, Durban, South Africa; School of Environmetal Studies, Moi University, P. O. Box 3900-30100, Eldoret, Kenya; Department of Civil and Structural Engineering Moi University, P. O. Box 3900-30100, Eldoret, Kenya	Akivaga, E.M., Durban University of Technology, P. O. Box 1334, Durban, South Africa; Otieno, F.A.O., Durban University of Technology, P. O. Box 1334, Durban, South Africa; Kipkorir, E.C., School of Environmetal Studies, Moi University, P. O. Box 3900-30100, Eldoret, Kenya; Kibiiy, J., Department of Civil and Structural Engineering Moi University, P. O. Box 3900-30100, Eldoret, Kenya; Shitote, S., Department of Civil and Structural Engineering Moi University, P. O. Box 3900-30100, Eldoret, Kenya	Kenya is implementing Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) policies. The water policy provides for mandatory reserve (environmental flow) which should be sustained in a water resource. Four out of the six main catchments in Kenya face water scarcity. Further water resource quality objectives for many rivers are yet to be determined. This study applied Water Evaluation and Planning System (WEAP21) to study the implications of implementing the water reserve in Perkerra River which is among the few rivers that drain into Lake Baringo. The Tennant method was used to determine minimum environmental flows that should be sustained into the lake. WEAP21 was used to perform hydrological and water management analysis of the catchment. Mean monthly discharge time series of the catchment monitoring stations indicate that Perkerra River is becoming seasonal. The results further show that implementing the reserve with the present level of water management and development will increase the demand by more than 50%. With good regulation policies Chemususu dam project will reduce the impact of the reserve on abstractive uses by 20 to 40% and ensure that Perkerra River does not dry up. ©2010 Academic Journals.	Allocation; Demand; Environmental flows; Sustainable management; Weap21	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84891606906	Bank efficiency and financial ratios: Rating the performance of the four largest South African banks	van der Westhuizen G.	2014	Journal of Applied Business Research	30	1	None	School of Economics and Management, Sciences at the Vaal Triangle Campus, North-West University, South Africa	van der Westhuizen, G., School of Economics and Management, Sciences at the Vaal Triangle Campus, North-West University, South Africa	Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) in conjunction with financial ratios is used to estimate and compare the performance of the four largest South African banks over the period 2001 to 2011. DEA is used to estimate the relative technical, allocative, cost and scale efficiencies and compare these estimates to certain financial ratios published by the banks in their financial statements. These ratios include return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), net interest margin (NIM), impairment losses, etc. The results obtained from the efficiency estimates and the financial ratios are used to rate the banks according to these performances. The rating differs depending on which performance measure is applied. A combination of these measures was necessary to determine the best and the worst performing bank. From the results obtained it appears that profitability and efficiency are two sides of the same coin. © by author(s); CC-BY.	Allocative Efficiency; Bank Performance; Financial Ratios; Net Interest Margin; Noninterest Income; Scale Efficiency; Technical Efficiency	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34547785112	Confronting HIV/AIDS in a South African village: The impact of health-seeking behaviour	Golooba-Mutebi F., Tollman S.M.	2007	Scandinavian Journal of Public Health	35	SUPPL. 69	10.1080/14034950701355437	Makerere Institute of Social Research, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; MRC/Wits University Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Golooba-Mutebi, F., Makerere Institute of Social Research, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda, MRC/Wits University Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Tollman, S.M., MRC/Wits University Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Much social science research on HIV/AIDS focuses on its impact within affected communities and how people try to cope with its consequences. Based on fieldwork in rural South Africa, this article shows ways in which the inhabitants of a village react to illness, in general, and the role their reactions play in facilitating the spread of communicable diseases such as HIV/AIDS. There is potentially a strong connection between the manner in which people respond to illness in general, and actual transmission of infection. By influencing the way villagers react to episodes of ill health, folk beliefs about illness and illness causation may create avenues for more people to become infected. This suggests that efforts to combat the HIV/AIDS pandemic cannot succeed without tackling the effects of folk beliefs. Therefore, in addressing the problem of HIV/AIDS, experts should focus on more than disseminating information about cause and transmission, and promoting abstinence, safe sex, and other technocratic fixes. Our findings suggest that people need information to facilitate not only decision-making about how to self-protect against infection, but also appropriate responses when infection has already occurred.	Allopathic; Diagnosis; HIV/AIDS; Infection; Information; Medicine; South Africa; Therapy; Traditional; Witchcraft	access to information; acquired immune deficiency syndrome; article; attitude to illness; communicable disease; community care; community living; coping behavior; disease transmission; health belief; health care need; help seeking behavior; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; information dissemination; pandemic; patient decision making; patient information; priority journal; rural area; safe sex; sexual behavior; South Africa; attitude to health; cultural anthropology; epidemic; patient attitude; psychological aspect; rural population; traditional medicine; witchcraft; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Attitude to Health; Culture; Disease Outbreaks; HIV Infections; Humans; Medicine, Traditional; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Rural Population; Sexual Behavior; South Africa; Witchcraft	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650475560	Evaluation of the hypoglycemic activity of cucumis metuliferus (Cucurbitaceae) fruit pulp extract in normoglycemic and alloxan-induced hyperglycemic rats	Jimam N.S., Wannang N.N., Omale S., Gotom B.	2010	Journal of Young Pharmacists	2	4	10.4103/0975-1483.71633	Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria	Jimam, N.S., Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria; Wannang, N.N., Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria; Omale, S., Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria; Gotom, B., Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria	The hypoglycemic effects of the fruit extract of C. metuliferus was investigated in normoglycemic and alloxan-induced hyperglycemic rats. The results showed that there was an insignificant (P > 0.05) decrease in the blood glucose concentration of normoglycemic rats treated with oral doses of 1000 and 1500 mg/kg of the extract. On the other hand, 500 mg/kg of the fruit extract produced an insignificant (P > 0.05) decrease in blood glucose levels of alloxan-treated rats, while 1000 and 1500 mg/kg oral dose points produced a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the blood glucose concentration of hyperglycemic rats comparable to that produced by tolbutamide. From this study, the data suggested that the fruit extract did not alter the BGC level in normoglycemic rats, but had a potential hypoglycemic property in alloxan-induced hyperglycemic rats.	Alloxan; Cucumis metuliferus; Hyperglycemic; Normoglycemic rats	alloxan; antidiabetic agent; Cucumis metuliferus extract; glucose; plant extract; tolbutamide; unclassified drug; animal experiment; animal model; article; controlled study; cucumber; Cucumis metuliferus; dose response; drug activity; glucose blood level; hyperglycemia; male; nonhuman; priority journal; rat	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955606502	Evaluation of the activity of Zingiber officinale (Ginger) aqueous extracts on alloxan-induced diabetic rats	Ozougwu J.C., Eyo J.E.	2011	Pharmacologyonline	1	None	None	Physiology and Biomedical Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria	Ozougwu, J.C., Physiology and Biomedical Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; Eyo, J.E., Physiology and Biomedical Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria	In view of the varied medicinal applications of Z. officinale, the effects of the increasing dosages of its aqueous extracts on alloxan-induced diabetic Rattus novergicus for possible use in the management of diabetes mellitus was evaluated. Diabetes mellitus was induced in 54 out of a total of 63 adult Rattus novergicus using 150mg/kg of alloxan monohydrate. Increasing dosages (200, 250 and 300mg/kg) of Z. officinale aqueous extracts were given to the diabetic rats for six weeks while the control rats got either normal saline (1ml) or increasing dosages of glibenclamide (2.5, 3.8 and 5.0mg/kg) during the same period. Blood glucose level, total serum lipids and total serum cholesterol were assessed with routine methods. F-LSD was employed to test significant differences (P < 0.05) among treatment means. Increasing dosages of Z. officinale aqueous extracts produced a dose-dependent significant (P < 0.05) reductions in the blood glucose levels, total serum lipid and total serum cholesterol when compared with that of the control rats. The best percentage reduction in blood glucose level, total serum lipids and cholesterol were observed at 300mg/kg. It is possible to conclude from the experimental findings that Z. officinale studied exhibited promising hypoglycaemic and hypolipidaemic activity in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. It's hypoglycaemic and hypolipidaemic effects could represent a protective mechanism against the development of hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia characteristic of diabetes mellitus.	Alloxan diabetic rats; Hypoglycaemia; Hypolipidaemia; Zingiber officinale	alloxan; cholesterol; ginger extract; glibenclamide; glucose; lipid; sodium chloride; alloxan diabetes mellitus; animal experiment; animal model; aqueous solution; article; blood glucose monitoring; cholesterol blood level; controlled study; diabetes mellitus; dose response; drug dose comparison; drug dose increase; drug efficacy; drug mechanism; drug screening; glucose blood level; nonhuman; rat; treatment duration	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879976092	Evaluation of the anti diabetic activity of column fractions obtained from the bark extract of Soymida febrifuga A. Juss	Karunasree V., Veeresham C., Sambasiva Rao K.R.S., Asres K.	2012	Pharmacognosy Journal	4	31	10.5530/pj.2012.31.7	KVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vijayawada, AP, 520010, India; University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakatiya University, Warangal, AP 506009, India; Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, AP, 522510, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, PO Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Karunasree, V., KVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vijayawada, AP, 520010, India; Veeresham, C., University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakatiya University, Warangal, AP 506009, India; Sambasiva Rao, K.R.S., Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, AP, 522510, India; Asres, K., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, PO Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Diabetes has become a worldwide problem afflicting humans irrespective of age. Even though a number of synthetic drugs are available for the treatment of diabetes, plant drugs are generally preferred due to the assumption that they have less side effects and low cost. This study reports the hypoglycaemic and antihyperglycaemic actions of the methanolic bark extract of Soymida febrifuga A. Juss. (fam: Meliaceae) in euglycaemic and alloxan-induced diabetic rats, respectively. The results revealed that three column fractions obtained from the methanol extract of S. febrifuga possess maximum hypoglycaemic and antihyperglycaemic activities 6 h after treatment. At a dose of 200 mg/kg, the relatively nonpolar column fraction obtained by using 20% chloroform in acetone as an eluent was by far the most potent fraction which showed comparable activity with that of the standard drug glibenclamide (10 mg/kg). At a dose of 200 mg/kg, the same column eluate showed maximum antihyperglycaemic effect reducing blood glucose level by 33.00%. At a dose of 10 mg/kg, the reference drug glibenclamide brought about 33.46% reduction of blood glucose level. In light of the results obtained from the current study, it could be concluded that the bark of S. febrifuga has genuine antidiabetic activity. © 2012 Pharmacognosy Network Worldwide [Phcog.Net].	alloxan-induced antihyperglycaemic activity; euglycaemic; hypoglycaemic effect; Meliaceae; methanol extract; Soymida febrifuga	antidiabetic agent; chloroform; cholesterol; glibenclamide; glucose; insulin; plant extract; protein; Soymida febrifuga extract; triacylglycerol; unclassified drug; alloxan diabetes mellitus; animal experiment; animal model; antidiabetic activity; article; bark; body weight; cholesterol blood level; controlled study; diabetes control; drug dose comparison; drug efficacy; drug isolation; drug potency; drug response; drug screening; glucose blood level; glycemic control; insulin blood level; medicinal plant; Meliaceae; nonhuman; phytochemistry; protein blood level; rat; Soymida febrifuga; triacylglycerol blood level	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84964225193	Hypolipidaemic and haematological evaluation of the hydromethanolic extract of Ficus glumosa stem bark in alloxan-induced diabetic rats	Onoja S.O., Omeh Y.N., Ezeja M.I., Chukwu V.N.	2014	Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine	11	4	10.1515/jcim-2014-0029	Department of Veterinary Physiology, Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Animal Health and Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Micheal Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Scienc	Onoja, S.O., Department of Veterinary Physiology, Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Animal Health and Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Micheal Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria; Omeh, Y.N., Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Micheal Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria; Ezeja, M.I., Department of Veterinary Physiology, Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Animal Health and Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Micheal Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria; Chukwu, V.N., Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Micheal Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria	Background: Diabetes mellitus is associated with dyslipidaemia and haematological disorders which lead to cardiovascular complications and anaemia respectively. In this study, hydromethanolic extract of Ficus glumosa was evaluated for its hypolipidaemic and haematological effects in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Treatment was done orally using 62.5, 125 and 250 mg/kg of F. glumosa extract (FGE) with glibenclamide (2 mg/kg) as standard reference drug for 21 days. At the end of the treatment, blood collected through direct heart puncture was used for evaluation of serum lipid profile and determination of haematological parameters. Organosomatic index evaluation of the liver, spleen and kidney was also done using standard procedures. Results: All doses of the extract and glibenclamide (2 mg/kg) caused dose-dependent and significant (p<0.05) reduction in serum levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) of the treated rats when compared with the control group. The extract and glibenclamide produced significant (p<0.05) increase in the serum levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in the treated rats. The extract (62.5 mg/kg) and glibenclamide (2 mg/kg) caused a significant (p<0.05) increase in red blood cell (RBC), haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) in the treated rats when compared to the negative control group. However, FGE (62.5 mg/kg) and glibenclamide (2 mg/kg) produced a significant (p<0.05) decrease in mean corpuscular volume (MCV) value of the treated rats. FGE (125 and 250 mg/kg) produced a significant (p<0.05) increase in the organosomatic index of kidney in treated rats. Conclusions: The results suggest that F. glumosa may be of help in diabetes-induced anaemia and dyslipidaemia associated with diabetes mellitus. © 2014 by De Gruyter.	alloxan monohydrate; diabetes mellitus; Ficus glumosa; haematology; hypolipidaemia	antilipemic agent; cholesterol; Ficus glumosa extract; glibenclamide; hematologic agent; hemoglobin; high density lipoprotein cholesterol; low density lipoprotein cholesterol; methanol; plant extract; triacylglycerol; unclassified drug; very low density lipoprotein; alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus; anemia; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; antilipemic activity; Article; bark; cholesterol blood level; controlled study; drug activity; drug effect; dyslipidemia; erythrocyte; Ficus; Ficus glumosa; hematocrit; hematological parameters; kidney; liver; male; mean corpuscular hemoglobin; mean corpuscular volume; medical parameters; nonhuman; organosomatic index; plant stem; rat; solvent extraction; spleen; triacylglycerol blood level	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955799757	Dynamic mechanical and perforation impact behavior of all-pp composites containing beta-nucleated random pp copolymer as matrix and stretched pp homopolymer tape as reinforcement: Effect of draw ratio of the tape	Abraham T.N., Wanjale S., Siengchin S., Karger-Kocsis J.	2011	Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials	24	3	10.1177/0892705710391402	Defence Laboratory, Ratanada Palace, Jodhpur, 342011, India; Polymer Science and Engineering Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Pashan road, Pune 411008, India; Department of Production Engineering, Sirindhorn Intl. Thai Ger. Grad. Sch. of Eng. King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Built Environment, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South Africa	Abraham, T.N., Defence Laboratory, Ratanada Palace, Jodhpur, 342011, India; Wanjale, S., Polymer Science and Engineering Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Pashan road, Pune 411008, India; Siengchin, S., Department of Production Engineering, Sirindhorn Intl. Thai Ger. Grad. Sch. of Eng. King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand; Karger-Kocsis, J., Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Built Environment, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South Africa	Cross-ply all-polypropylene (PP) composite laminates were prepared by hot consolidation after tape winding combined with film stacking. Alpha (α) PP tapes of different draw ratios (DR = 8 and 12), produced by online extrusion stretching, served as reinforcements. Beta (β)-nucleated random PP copolymer, introduced in the form of a film, composed the matrix. The E-modulus of the PP tapes increased whereas their density decreased with increasing DR. The volume fraction of the reinforcement and the void content were estimated using optical microscopic images. The all-PP composites were subjected to dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, flexural, and instrumented falling weight impact tests. It was found that with increasing draw ratio of the α-PP tapes, the stiffness, strength, and perforation resistance of the composites were improved. © The Author(s), 2010.	all-polypropylene composite; draw ratio.; dynamic mechanical thermal analysis; instrumented falling weight impact; polypropylene	all-polypropylene composite; Composite laminate; Cross-ply; draw ratio.; Dynamic mechanical; dynamic mechanical thermal analysis; E-modulus; Falling weight impact; Film-stacking; Homopolymers; Impact behavior; matrix; Microscopic image; Online extrusion; Tape winding; Void contents; Copolymerization; Copolymers; Dynamic mechanical analysis; Dynamics; Laminates; Plastic products; Reinforcement; Thermoanalysis; Thermoplastics; Polymer matrix composites	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84907149498	Evaluation and analysis of dietary essential mineral micronutrients in selected Malaysian foods using FAAS and ICP-MS	Salau R.B., Hasan M.N.	2014	Modern Applied Science	8	6	10.5539/mas.v8n6p103	Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Johor Bahru, Malaysia; Department of Chemistry, School of Natural and Applied Science, Federal University of Technology, PMB 65, Minna, Nigeria	Salau, R.B., Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Johor Bahru, Malaysia, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural and Applied Science, Federal University of Technology, PMB 65, Minna, Nigeria; Hasan, M.N., Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Johor Bahru, Malaysia	Food source could provide essential mineral elements necessary for preventing and remedying the cases of Mineral Deficiency Diseases (MDD). This source is cost effective, safe, affordable and accessible. In this study, essential elements: Ca, Mg, P, K, Na, Cu, Fe, Mn, Se and Zn were determined in 126 food samples eaten in Johor Bahru, Malaysia. The all-serving-units-inclusive food samples were oven-dried until constant weight, homogenized and wet digested serially with nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide mixture. The major and minor elements were respectively determined by FAAS and ICP-MS. The elements showed presence in all foods. The food element/RDA percentage ratios of (Ca: 50.0; P: 322.8) and (Mn: 10.5; P: 177.5) were obtained respectively relative to maximum and minimum Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA). The study has proven that the foods could be viable source of the elements choosing appropriate foods. These essential elements containing foods can be exploited for health maintenance, remedy and even cure for MDD. © 2014, by the author(s).	All-serving-units-inclusive; FAAS; Food; ICP-MS; Mineral deficiency disease (MDD); Mineral elements; Remedy; supplementation	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33747329792	Evaluation of some nutritional characteristics of Indian almond (Prunus amygdalus) nut	Agunbiade S.O., Olanlokun J.O.	2006	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	5	4	10.3923/pjn.2006.316.318	Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Ado-Ekiti, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria	Agunbiade, S.O., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Ado-Ekiti, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Olanlokun, J.O., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Ado-Ekiti, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria	The study of nutritional characteristics of Indian almond (Prunus amygdalus) showed the proximate composition to be: 97.70% dry matter, 11.52±1.10% crude protein, 6.76±0.72% ash, 5.09±0.84% crude fibre, and 21.76±1.20% fat and 54.87±2.80% carbohydrate. The antinutrient composition was found to be 0.25% phytin, 0.07% phytin phosphorus, 0.04% cyanide, 1.82%Tannin. Its fatty acid and mineral contents were 0.65% oleic acid, 0.19% phosphorus, 0.17% potassium, 0.25%magnesium, 245.65ppm sodium, 845.45ppm calcium, 92.12ppm zinc, 70.62ppm iron and 9.21ppm copper. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2006.	Almonds; Antinutrients; Minerals; Proximate composition	calcium; carbohydrate; copper; cyanide; fatty acid; iron; magnesium; mineral; oleic acid; phosphorus; potassium; sodium; tannin; vegetable oil; vegetable protein; zinc; almond; article; chemical analysis; dry weight; food composition; nonhuman; nutrient; nutritional value; plant fiber; prunus amygdalus; Prunus dulcis; Terminalia catappa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84876473966	Evaluation of proximate composition, mineral element and anti-nutrient in almond (Terminalia catappa) seeds	Akpakpan A.E., Akpabio U.D.	2012	Research Journal of Applied Sciences	7	9	10.3923/rjasci.2012.489.493	Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, P.M.B. 1017, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria	Akpakpan, A.E., Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, P.M.B. 1017, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria; Akpabio, U.D., Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, P.M.B. 1017, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria	Proximate composition, mineral elements, anti-nutrients (toxicants) and lipid characteristics were determined for almond {Terminalia catappa) seeds. The results obtained showed the proximate composition of 25.23% moisture; 5.00% ash; 32.73% lipid; 33.66% crude fibre; 3.11% crude protein; 25.47% carbohydrate and caloric value 534.200 kcal. Mineral elements determined were P, Na, K, Fe, Mg and Ca while the anti-nutrients evaluated were hydrogen cyanide, oxalate and tannin. Almond seed oil was also characterized. The chemical properties of the oil showed that the oil contain high sapomfication value with low iodine value hence the oil is not recommended for soap making but is recommended for cosmetics industries. © Medwell Journals, 2012.	Almond seed; Anti-nutrients; Mineral elements; Oil characteristic; Proximate composition	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84923339760	Preparative isolation of bio-markers from the leaf exudate of Aloe ferox ("aloe bitters") by high performance counter-current chromatography	Adhami H.-R., Viljoen A.M.	2015	Phytochemistry Letters	11	None	10.1016/j.phytol.2014.07.001	Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa	Adhami, H.-R., Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa; Viljoen, A.M., Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa	One of the most crucial factors determining the safety and efficacy of any herbal medicine or natural product-based formulation is the quality of the raw material. The absence of readily available bio-markers (standards) is one of the hurdles which need to be overcome to develop robust and effective quality control protocols. Aloe ferox Mill. is a most coveted ethnomedicinally import plant indigenous to South Africa. A. ferox has been used since ancient times in folk medicine and recently it has gained popularity as an ingredient in cosmetic formulations and food supplements. This study aimed to develop a superior method for the isolation of bio-markers from "aloe bitters" (exudate) obtained from A. ferox. For separation by HPCCC the solvent system comprising of EtOAc/n-BuOH/H2O (3.5:1.5:5, v/v/v) was used in reversed phase mode. By this method, and only in one run, eight bio-markers were separated and isolated on semi-preparative scale including aloesin, aloeresin C, aloeresin A, 5-hydroxyaloin, aloin B, aloinoside B, aloin A and aloinoside A. The isolation of bio-active molecules from A. ferox (Cape aloes) is presented to illustrate the efficiency and advantages of high performance counter-current chromatography (HPCCC). © 2014 Phytochemical Society of Europe. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Aloe ferox; Aloeresin A; Aloesin; Aloin A and B; chromatography; High performance counter-current	5 hydroxyaloin; aloeresin a; aloeresin c; aloesin; aloin; aloinoside a; aloinoside b; biological marker; biological product; herbaceous agent; solvent; unclassified drug; Aloe; Aloe ferox; Article; biological activity; counter current chromatography; drug isolation; herbal medicine; high performance counter current chromatography; nonhuman; phytochemistry; plant exudate; plant leaf; priority journal; reproducibility; solvent extraction; South Africa; Aloe; Aloe ferox	National Research Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955690695	Toxicological evaluation of aqueous extract of Aloe ferox Mill. in loperamide-induced constipated rats	Wintola O.A., Sunmonu T.O., Afolayan A.J.	2011	Human and Experimental Toxicology	30	5	10.1177/0960327110372647	Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa	Wintola, O.A., Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa; Sunmonu, T.O., Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa; Afolayan, A.J., Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa	Aloe ferox Mill. is a widely used medicinal plant in South Africa for the treatment of many ailments including constipation. The present study evaluated the toxicological effect of aqueous leaf extract of the herb at 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight for 7 days on the haematological parameters as well as liver and kidney function indices in loperamide-induced constipated rats. The extract did not cause any significant (p > 0.05) effect on the kidney and liver-body weight ratio as well as the kidney function indices including serum levels of creatinine, uric acid, urea, calcium and potassium ions at all the dosages investigated. Whereas the serum levels of total protein, albumin, bilirubin and gamma glutamyl trasferase (GGT) were not affected, the elevated activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) in the untreated constipated animals were normalized following treatment with extract. The data obtained with respect to the haematological analysis indicated that the extracts had no significant (p > 0.05) effect on the haematological parameters with the exception of lymphocyte count which was increased in the untreated constipated rats. This was however attenuated after administering the herb. The available evidence in this study suggests that A. ferox may be safe as an oral remedy for constipation. Generally, the effect of the extract compared favourably well with senokot, a recommended drug for the treatment of constipation. © The Author(s) 2010.	Aloe ferox; function indices; haematological parameters; marker enzymes	alanine aminotransferase; albumin; alkaline phosphatase; Aloe ferox extract; aspartate aminotransferase; bilirubin; calcium ion; creatinine; gamma glutamyltransferase; loperamide; plant extract; potassium ion; senokot; unclassified drug; urea; uric acid; alanine aminotransferase blood level; albumin blood level; alkaline phosphatase blood level; Aloe; Aloe ferox; animal experiment; animal model; aqueous solution; article; aspartate aminotransferase blood level; body weight; calcium blood level; constipation; controlled study; creatinine blood level; drug safety; enzyme activity; gamma glutamyl transferase blood level; hematological parameters; kidney function; kidney mass; liver function; liver weight; lymphocyte count; male; nonhuman; plant leaf; potassium blood level; priority journal; protein blood level; rat; toxicity testing; urea blood level; uric acid blood level; Aloe; Animals; Body Weight; Constipation; Disease Models, Animal; Kidney; Kidney Function Tests; Liver; Liver Function Tests; Loperamide; Lymphocyte Count; Male; Organ Size; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Toxicity Tests; Aloe ferox; Animalia; Rattus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84902654472	Seed germination and phytochemical evaluation in seedlings of Aloe arborescens Mill.	Kulkarni M.G., Amoo S.O., Kandari L.S., Van Staden J.	2014	Plant Biosystems	148	3	10.1080/11263504.2013.782901	School of Life Sciences, Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, South Africa	Kulkarni, M.G., School of Life Sciences, Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Amoo, S.O., School of Life Sciences, Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Kandari, L.S., School of Life Sciences, Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Van Staden, J., School of Life Sciences, Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, South Africa	Many Aloe species are exploited as natural products. Generally, the leaves are unsustainably picked from wild plants to meet the market demand. Basic scientific information on seed biology and the ways of increasing levels of secondary metabolites in seedlings is still lacking for Aloe species. This study investigated seed germination requirements and evaluated levels of secondary metabolites in seedlings of Aloe arborescens, an important species in traditional medicine. The highest percentage germination (78%) and the fastest germination rate (GR) (10% d- 1) with a mean germination time (MGT) of 9 days were achieved at 20°C under a 16-h photoperiod. At 25°C, maximum percentage germination (67%) (P &lt; 0.05), higher GR (13% d- 1) and shorter MGT (6 days) were obtained under constant light. These results indicate that temperature and light play a significant role in germination of A. arborescens seeds. Increasing osmotic pressure on seeds decreased percentage germination, whereas buffering the solution to a range of pH values (4-10) did not significantly affect germination. Smoke-water (1:500 v/v), smoke-isolated karrikinolide (10- 8 and 10- 9 M) and potassium nitrate (10- 3 and 10- 4 M) significantly promoted germination compared with the control at 25°C (supra-optimal temperature) under a 16-h photoperiod. These treatments were also effective in increasing secondary metabolite levels (flavonoids and phenolics) in A. arborescens seedlings. © 2013 Societá Botanica Italiana.	Aloe; flavonoid; germination; phenolics; potassium nitrate; smoke	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79958824145	Germination and growth performance of Aloe turkanensis and Aloe secundflora under different substrates	Mukonyi K.W., Oeba V.O., Chiteva R., Lelon J., Gathara M.W.	2011	African Journal of Agricultural Research	6	10	None	Kenya Forestry Research Institute, P. O. Box 20412, Nairobi-00200, Kenya	Mukonyi, K.W., Kenya Forestry Research Institute, P. O. Box 20412, Nairobi-00200, Kenya; Oeba, V.O., Kenya Forestry Research Institute, P. O. Box 20412, Nairobi-00200, Kenya; Chiteva, R., Kenya Forestry Research Institute, P. O. Box 20412, Nairobi-00200, Kenya; Lelon, J., Kenya Forestry Research Institute, P. O. Box 20412, Nairobi-00200, Kenya; Gathara, M.W., Kenya Forestry Research Institute, P. O. Box 20412, Nairobi-00200, Kenya	Income generated from indigenous Aloe sap taping has been a source of livelihoods to most communities in drylands of Kenya. Most of the Aloe leaf harvesting takes place in the wild, threatening the natural Aloe populations. This calls for establishment of Aloe plantations as alternative source of sustainable sap tapping. Currently there is lack of information on propagation methods of commercial indigenous Aloes in Kenya. Investigation undertaken to establish Aloe propagation methods showed that different factors determine Aloe germination and growth which need to be considered in Aloe propagation. Findings showed that Aloe seed germination under greenhouse began on the 9th day and maximum germination took place between 2ndand 3rd week of sowing. Addition of vermiculite and sawdust to soil from natural Aloe growing zones improved germination. Aloe turkanensis showed better germination percentage as compared to Aloe secundflora in most of the growing substrate. Forest humus soil blended with sawdust, showed the highest germination of 28%, after 21 days for Aloe turkanensis followed by substrate containing soils from natural habitat blended with vermiculite, then loam soil at 18 and 11% blended with sawdust and vermiculite, respectively. The vermiculite and sawdust blended media showed poor growth performance as revealed after 5 months of germination. Substrate from natural habitat enriched with manure showed good growth performance, while those enriched with sawdust had poor growth performance. Results indicate that different substrate may be used for germination and potting. Those that show high germination are not good for Aloe growth, but those enhancing growth did not show better germination. © 2011 Academic Journals.	Aloe propagation; Livelihoods; Substrate; Sustainability	Aloe; Aloe turkanensis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84929877222	Formulation and evaluation of antimicrobial activities of herbal cream containing ethanolic extracts of Azadirachta indica leaves and Aloe vera gel	Azubuike C.P., Ejimba S.E., Idowu A.O., Adeleke I.	2015	Journal of Pharmacy and Nutrition Sciences	5	2	10.6000/1927-5951.2015.05.02.6	Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, College of Medicine Campus, Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, College of Medicine Campus, S	Azubuike, C.P., Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, College of Medicine Campus, Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria; Ejimba, S.E., Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, College of Medicine Campus, Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria; Idowu, A.O., Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, College of Medicine Campus, Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria; Adeleke, I., Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, College of Medicine Campus, Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria	The antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract of dried leaves of Azadirachta indica (Neem), fresh gel of Aloe vera, combination of the two extracts and the creams formulated with these extracts were evaluated. The preliminary in vitro antimicrobial activity of the extracts at various concentrations and those of their creams were determined against some microorganisms using the agar cup plate method. The growth inhibition zones of the extracts on the microorganisms were noted. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was also determined by agar dilution method. The physical properties of the creams formulated with these extracts were evaluated using standard procedures. Gram positive bacteria were more susceptible to Neem extract of which Staphylococcus aureus was the most susceptible with the lowest MIC value (2.5mg/ml). The fungal strain Candida albicans had the lowest MIC value (2.0mg/ml) for the Aloe vera gel extract. The MIC values (mg/ml) of Neem leaves against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger were 5.00, 5.00, 2.50, 10.00, 2.50, 5.00 respectively, while MIC of Aloe extract were 8.00, 8.00, 4.00, 8.00, 2.00, 4.00 respectively. Among the formulated creams, the formulation containing equal concentrations of the extracts (1:1) showed the highest antimicrobial activity, however the commercial brand Funbact A® had better antimicrobial activity. Most of the creams showed comparable physical properties. The study showed that the creams containing equal concentrations of the two ethanolic extracts have high potentials as topical antimicrobial agents especially against skin infections due to the tested Gram positive bacteria and Candida albicans. © 2015 Lifescience Global.	Aloe vera; Antimicrobial activity; Azadirachta indica; Herbal creams	Aloe; Aloe vera; Aspergillus niger; Azadirachta indica; Bacillus subtilis; Candida albicans; Escherichia coli; Posibacteria; Pseudomonas; Staphylococcus aureus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956973323	Effects of aloe vera as leaf protein concentrate on growth performance of cockerels	Odo B.I., Ekenyem B.U., Nwamo A.C.	2010	International Journal of Poultry Science	9	5	None	Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources Management, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, Evan Enwerem University, Owerri, Nigeria	Odo, B.I., Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources Management, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria; Ekenyem, B.U., Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, Evan Enwerem University, Owerri, Nigeria; Nwamo, A.C., Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources Management, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria	The study investigated the effects of Aloe vera as leaf protein concentrate for cockerels. It was conducted with 72 - day old cockerels which at 3 weeks of age were randomly allotted to 3 dietary treatments of 24 birds each with 3 replicates per treatment. The rations were standard commercial feed 0% (TO, 5% (J2) and 10% (T3) inclusion levels of Aloe vera respectively. The design of the experiment was a completely randomized design and the birds were fed for 42 days with their respective experimental diets. Records were kept on feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and mortality trend to the end of the experiment. Results showed that there were significant differences (p<0.05) in weight gain and feed conversion ratio within treatment but no significant difference (p>0.05) on feed intake. Highest overall profit was obtained from the T2 group. The inclusion of Aloe vera at 5% level supports feed absorption and growth in cockerels. This can therefore be used as a good leaf protein concentrate in cockerel nutrition for improved productivity and therefore, profitability. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2010.	Aloe vera; Cockerels; Growth performance; Leaf protein	Aloe vera; Aves	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79951755323	Evaluation of the dietary inclusion of Aloe Vera as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoter in broiler production	Mmereole F.U.C.	2011	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	10	1	10.3923/pjn.2011.1.5	Department of Animal Science, Delta State University, Asaba Campus-Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria	Mmereole, F.U.C., Department of Animal Science, Delta State University, Asaba Campus-Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria	An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary inclusion of Aloe vera as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoter on the performance and the haematological characteristics of the broiler chickens. The experiment involved one hundred and twenty day-old Abor-Acre broiler chicks which were distributed to three treatment groups. The treatment groups comprised the following: T1 = control (basal feed), T2 = basal feed + Aloe vera, T3 = basal feed + Teramycin soluble powder (antibiotic growth promoter). Fourty day-old chicks were assigned to each treatment group in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and each treatment was replicated four times with each replicate having ten birds. The experiment lasted 56 days (8 weeks) during which the following parameters were collected:- initial body weight at day old, weekly body weights and body weight gains. At the end of the experiment, 8 birds were randomly collected from each experimental group and bled to obtain blood samples to determine the blood characteristics of the birds. All the data collected were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SAS (2002) package. Results obtained indicated that body weights and body weight gains were significantly (p>0.05) higher in the birds fed diets containing Aloe vera supplement (T2) than the birds fed control diet (T1) but there were no significant (p<0.05) differences T2 and T3. With respect to the results of the haematological analysis, it was observed that while the blood characteristics of the birds in T1 did not significantly (p>0.05) differ from those birds in T2, there were significant (p<0.05) differences between the birds in T2 and T3. Based on these results, it was concluded that while those birds in T2 compared very well with the birds placed on antibiotics growth promoter (T3) in respect of growth parameters, the birds on T2 (Aloe vera supplement) showed remarkable superiority in blood characteristics over the birds in T3 (antibiotics supplement). This is an indication that Aloe vera can be used to replace antibiotics growth promoters while avoiding the development of drug resistance associated with antibiotic growth promoters. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2011.	Aloe vera; Dietary inclusion; Drug resistance; Growth promoters; Haematological parameters	Aloe vera leaf powder; antibiotic agent; growth promotor; herbaceous agent; teramycin; unclassified drug; analysis of variance; animal experiment; animal food; animal tissue; article; bird; blood analysis; blood sampling; body weight; broiler; chick; chicken; controlled study; diet supplementation; drug resistance; hematological parameters; nonhuman; physical performance; plant leaf; randomization; weight gain; Aloe vera; Aves; Gallus gallus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79957824383	Fertilizer trials on performance of Aloe-vera	Owoade F.M., Adeoye G.O., Oluwa O.O.A., Olatunji O.O., Lawal B.A.	2008	Research on Crops	9	2	None	Department of Agronomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Department of Agronomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria	Owoade, F.M., Department of Agronomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Adeoye, G.O., Department of Agronomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria, Department of Agronomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Oluwa, O.O.A., Department of Agronomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria, Department of Agronomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Olatunji, O.O., Department of Agronomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Lawal, B.A., Department of Agronomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria	Pot experiment was conducted at the University of Ibadan, Ibadan between November 2001 and March 2002 to determine the effects of different fertilizers on the performance of Aloe-vera using a completely randomized design with 19 treatments with four replicates. The fertilizer treatments were control (no fertilizer), 100 and 200 kg/ha of NPK 10-10-10, NPK 15-15-15 and NPK 27-13-13, 50 and 100 kg/ha N (Urea), 40 and 80 kg P 2O5/ha as sokoto rock phosphate. Others are 20 and 40 kg P 2O 5/ha as SSP, organomineral fertilizer grade A and B at 2 and 5 t/ha, 40 and 80 kg/ha K 2O as KCl fertilizer. Parameters measured were leaf length, leaf width, weight gained, number of leaves and number of shoots. Aloe-vera plant treatments with NPK 20-10-10 at 200 kg/ha were the most superior and significantly higher than other treatments in terms of weight, leaf length and leaf width.	Aloe-vera; Medicinal plants; Organic fertilizer; Organomineral fertilizer; Sokoto rock phosphate; Suckers	Aloe vera	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84952326333	Non-uniformity of storm impacts on three high-energy embayed beaches	Loureiro C., Ferreira O., Cooper J.A.G.	2014	Journal of Coastal Research	70	None	10.2112/SI70-055.1	CIMA - Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, Universidade Do Algarve, Faro, Portugal; Centre for Coastal and Marine Research, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom; Geological Sciences, School of Agriculture, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban, South Africa	Loureiro, C., CIMA - Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, Universidade Do Algarve, Faro, Portugal, Centre for Coastal and Marine Research, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom, Geological Sciences, School of Agriculture, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban, South Africa; Ferreira, O., CIMA - Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, Universidade Do Algarve, Faro, Portugal; Cooper, J.A.G., Centre for Coastal and Marine Research, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom, Geological Sciences, School of Agriculture, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban, South Africa	Coastal storms are highly significant and destructive events and important natural hazards that have major impacts upon the physical and human-cultural coastline environments. Exceptional coastal storms in the last decades have emphasized the urgent need to reinforce scientific knowledge regarding the frequency, impact and role of these extreme events. This is particularly relevant for embayed beaches, where geomorphological control promotes characteristic morphodynamic responses that are distinct from the better studied long-linear beaches. This paper analyses storm response from datasets of morphological change obtained from three embayments located in three distinct wave environments. Analysis of the morphological response to extreme storm events, particularly the 2007 March Equinox storm in eastern South Africa, the January-February 2009 storm group in southwestern Portugal and the December 2011-January 2012 storm group in northwestern Ireland, demonstrate that storm-induced morphological change in the Durban Bight, Arrifana beach and Portstewart Strand is highly variable alongshore. Retreat values for the mean high water spring shoreline are shown to differ significantly within each embayment. This alongshore non-uniform response to storm-events is attributed to boundary effects triggered by the presence of natural headlands or outcrops and/or artificial engineering structures. Megarip development drives variability in storm response in Arrifana, while wave shadowing and interruption of longshore sediment movement under south-easterly/west-northwesterly storm waves promotes the northward/westward increase in shoreline retreat in the Durban Bight and Portstewart Strand, respectively. Boundary effects significantly influence short-term morphodynamic behaviour during storms and, consequently, determine alongshore non-uniform morphologic response to storm events, irrespective of embayment dimensions and event magnitude. © Coastal Education & Research Foundation 2014.	alongshore variability; beach surveys; erosion; geological control	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-42249093313	Intersexual conflict and group size in Alouatta palliata: A 23-year evaluation	Ryan S.J., Starks P.T., Milton K., Getz W.M.	2008	International Journal of Primatology	29	2	10.1007/s10764-007-9172-2	Department of Anthropology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States; Department of Anthropology, McGill School of Environment, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T7, Canada; Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States; Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States; Mammal Research Institute, University of Pretoria, 0002 Pretoria, South Africa	Ryan, S.J., Department of Anthropology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States, Department of Anthropology, McGill School of Environment, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T7, Canada; Starks, P.T., Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States; Milton, K., Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States; Getz, W.M., Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States, Mammal Research Institute, University of Pretoria, 0002 Pretoria, South Africa	Models of optimal primate group size suggest that group formation and growth arise to benefit individual fitness, but that size is limited by costs. The ecological constraints hypothesis posits that group formation and growth is driven by protection from predation or the advantages of group foraging, while an upper limit on group size is constrained by travel costs and intragroup competition for food or other critical resources. Socioecological models also predict that individual reproductive success, hypothesized to decrease with increasing group size, also places an upper limit on the number of individuals in a group. Our analysis of 23 yr of group composition data on mantled howlers (Alouatta palliata) from a single Panamanian study site on Barro Colorado Island not only corroborates the socioecological model but also shows that female reproductive success increased, whereas that of males decreased, with the less female-biased sex ratios in larger groups. We suggest that the conflict of interest between the sexes over adult sex ratio, particularly the male proportion in a group, in combination with ecological factors, is an important determinant of group size and composition. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	Alouatta palliata; Barro Colorado Island; Group size; Reproductive success; Sex ratio	fitness; group size; intersexual interaction; primate; reproductive success; sex ratio; sexual conflict; Barro Colorado Island; Central America; Gatun Lake; Panama [Central America]; Alouatta; Alouatta palliata; Primates	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84903847292	The impact of livestock grazing on plant diversity: An analysis across dryland ecosystems and scales in southern Africa	Hanke W., Böhner J., Dreber N., Jürgens N., Schmiedel U., Wesuls D., Dengler J.	2014	Ecological Applications	24	5	10.1890/13-0377.1	Biodiversity, Evolution, and Ecology of Plants, Biocenter Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststrasse 18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Geography, University of Hamburg, Bundesstrasse 55, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; Unit for Environmental Sciences and Development, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Disturbance Ecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany; Synthesis Centre for Biodiversity Sciences, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany	Hanke, W., Biodiversity, Evolution, and Ecology of Plants, Biocenter Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststrasse 18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany; Böhner, J., Institute of Geography, University of Hamburg, Bundesstrasse 55, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; Dreber, N., Biodiversity, Evolution, and Ecology of Plants, Biocenter Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststrasse 18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Development, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Jürgens, N., Biodiversity, Evolution, and Ecology of Plants, Biocenter Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststrasse 18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany; Schmiedel, U., Biodiversity, Evolution, and Ecology of Plants, Biocenter Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststrasse 18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany; Wesuls, D., Biodiversity, Evolution, and Ecology of Plants, Biocenter Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststrasse 18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany; Dengler, J., Biodiversity, Evolution, and Ecology of Plants, Biocenter Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststrasse 18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany, Disturbance Ecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany, Synthesis Centre for Biodiversity Sciences, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany	A general understanding of grazing effects on plant diversity in drylands is still missing, despite an extensive theoretical background. Cross-biome syntheses are hindered by the fact that the outcomes of disturbance studies are strongly affected by the choice of diversity measures, and the spatial and temporal scales of measurements. The aim of this study is to overcome these weaknesses by applying a wide range of diversity measures to a data set derived from identical sampling in three distinct ecosystems. We analyzed three fence-line contrasts (heavier vs. lighter grazing intensity), representing different degrees of aridity (from arid to semiarid) and precipitation regimes (summer rain vs. winter rain) in southern Africa. We tested the impact of grazing intensity on multiple aspects of plant diversity (species and functional group level, richness and evenness components, alpha and beta diversity, and composition) at two spatial scales, and for both 5-yr means and interannual variability. Heavier grazing reduced total plant cover and substantially altered the species and functional composition at all sites. However, a significant decrease in species alpha diversity was detected at only one of the three sites. By contrast, alpha diversity of plant functional groups responded consistently across ecosystems and scales, with a significant decrease at heavier grazing intensity. The cover-based measures of functional group diversity responded more sensitively and more consistently than functional group richness. Beta diversity of species and functional types increased under heavier grazing, showing that at larger scales, the heterogeneity of the community composition and the functional structure were increased. Heavier grazing mostly increased interannual variability of alpha diversity, while effects on beta diversity and cover were inconsistent. Our results suggest that species diversity alone may not adequately reflect the shifts in vegetation structure that occur in response to increased grazing intensity in the dryland biomes of southern Africa. Compositional and structural changes of the vegetation are better reflected by trait-based diversity measures. In particular, measures of plant functional diversity that include evenness represent a promising tool to detect and quantify disturbance effects on ecosystems. © 2014 by the Ecological Society of America.	Alpha diversity; Beta diversity; Biodiversity; Disturbance; Evenness; Fence-line contrast; Functional diversity; Nama Karoo; Rangeland degradation; Richness; Stability; Succulent Karoo	biome; community composition; data set; disturbance; dryland farming; functional group; grazing management; livestock; plant community; spatiotemporal analysis; species diversity; Karoo; Nama Karoo; South Africa; Southern Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67149131859	Effect of graded level of alphamune g on performance, blood chemistry and histology of cockerel chicks	Bolu S.A., Ojo V., Oluyemi O., Babawale O.I., Awodele O.A.	2009	International Journal of Poultry Science	8	4	10.3923/ijps.2009.397.400	Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	Bolu, S.A., Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Ojo, V., Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Oluyemi, O., Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Babawale, O.I., Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Awodele, O.A., Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	A study was conducted to determine the response of day-old cockerel chicks to graded levels of Alphamune G (0.00, 0.04, 0.05 and 0.06%). The experiment which was conducted for 8 weeks employed a completely randomized design. Feed intake and nutrient retention were not significantly influenced (p>0.05) by dietary inclusion levels of Alphamune G. However, weight gain and feed to gain ratio were significantly improved (p<0.05) for cockerel chicks fed 0.06% inclusion level when compared with the control. The values were 7.78 and 4.58 g/bird/week, respectively. Haematology and serum indices did not show any significant effect as a result of the graded levels of dietary Alphamune G. Histological characteristics revealed slight morphological changes in specific organs of birds fed Alphamune G supplemented diet vis-a viz the control diet. Inclusion of Alphamune G at 0.06% in the diets of cockerel chicks gave the best performance. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2009.	Alphamune G; Cockerels; Diet	Aves	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-38349191053	Comparative evaluation of the microbial community in biological processes treating industrial and domestic wastewaters	Degenaar A.P., Ismail A., Bux F.	2008	Journal of Applied Microbiology	104	2	10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03563.x	Centre for Water and Wastewater Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa; Centre for Water and Wastewater Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Durban University of Technology, PO Box 1334, Durban 4000, South Africa	Degenaar, A.P., Centre for Water and Wastewater Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa; Ismail, A., Centre for Water and Wastewater Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa; Bux, F., Centre for Water and Wastewater Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, Centre for Water and Wastewater Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Durban University of Technology, PO Box 1334, Durban 4000, South Africa	Aims: Comparison of the microbial composition and process performance between laboratory scale processes treating domestic and vegetable oil wastewaters. Methods and Results: Two laboratory scale modified Ludzack-Ettinger processes were operated under similar operating conditions. One process was fed domestic wastewater and the other an industrial wastewater, vegetable oil effluent. Nitrogen removal capacities of the processes were similar. The industrial process exhibited a lower COD removal capacity and oxygen utilization rate, although a greater mixed liquor volatile suspended solids concentration was observed in the industrial process. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with probes EUBmix, ALF1b, BET42a, GAM42a and HGC69a revealed that 81% and 72% of total cells stained with 4′, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) within the domestic and industrial processes respectively bound to EUBmix. This indicated a slightly lower Eubacterial population within the industrial process. The alpha-proteobacteria was the dominant community in the industrial process (31% of EUBmix), while the beta-proteobacteria dominated the domestic process (33% of EUBmix). Conclusions: The findings served to establish a difference in the microbial population between the processes. Therefore, the class alpha-proteobacteria could play a primary role in the degradation of vegetable oil effluent. Significance and Impact of the Study: This research will aid in process design and retrofitting of biological processes treating vegetable oil effluent. © 2007 The Authors.	Alpha-proteobacteria; Beta-proteobacteria; FISH; Vegetable oil effluent treatment	4',6 diamidino 2 phenylindole; nitrogen; vegetable oil; biodegradation; chemical oxygen demand; comparative study; domestic waste; hybridization; industrial waste; microbial community; vegetable oil; waste treatment; wastewater; Alphaproteobacteria; article; Betaproteobacteria; bioprocess; chemical oxygen demand; comparative study; domestic waste; effluent; fluorescence in situ hybridization; immunocytochemistry; industrial waste; liquid; microbial community; microbial population dynamics; nonhuman; oxygen consumption; waste water management; Alphaproteobacteria; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Betaproteobacteria; Humans; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; Industrial Waste; Plant Oils; Proteobacteria; Sewage; Waste Disposal, Fluid; Alphaproteobacteria; Bacteria (microorganisms); Betaproteobacteria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84922982409	The evaluation of statins as potential inhibitors of the LEDGF/p75-HIV-1 integrase interaction	Harrison A.T., Kriel F.H., Papathanasopoulos M.A., Mosebi S., Abrahams S., Hewer R.	2015	Chemical Biology and Drug Design	85	3	10.1111/cbdd.12384	CMDD, Advanced Materials Division, Mintek, Private bag X3015, Randburg, Johannesburg, South Africa; HIV Pathogenesis Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, University of Witwatersrand Medical School, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa	Harrison, A.T., CMDD, Advanced Materials Division, Mintek, Private bag X3015, Randburg, Johannesburg, South Africa, HIV Pathogenesis Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, University of Witwatersrand Medical School, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Kriel, F.H., CMDD, Advanced Materials Division, Mintek, Private bag X3015, Randburg, Johannesburg, South Africa; Papathanasopoulos, M.A., HIV Pathogenesis Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, University of Witwatersrand Medical School, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Mosebi, S., CMDD, Advanced Materials Division, Mintek, Private bag X3015, Randburg, Johannesburg, South Africa; Abrahams, S., CMDD, Advanced Materials Division, Mintek, Private bag X3015, Randburg, Johannesburg, South Africa, HIV Pathogenesis Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, University of Witwatersrand Medical School, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Hewer, R., CMDD, Advanced Materials Division, Mintek, Private bag X3015, Randburg, Johannesburg, South Africa	Lovastatin was identified through virtual screening as a potential inhibitor of the LEDGF/p75-HIV-1 integrase interaction. In an AlphaScreen assay, lovastatin inhibited the purified recombinant protein-protein interaction (IC50 = 1.97 ± 0.45 μM) more effectively than seven other tested statins. None of the eight statins, however, yielded antiviral activity in vitro, while only pravastatin lactone yielded detectable inhibition of HIV-1 integrase strand transfer activity (31.65% at 100 μM). A correlation between lipophilicity and increased cellular toxicity of the statins was observed. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons A/S.	AlphaScreen; HIV-1 integrase; LEDGF/p75; Lovastatin; Statins	antivirus agent; atorvastatin; compactin; cx 05168; fluindostatin; hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor; integrase; intercellular adhesion molecule 1; lens epithelium derived growth factor; lymphocyte function associated antigen 1; mevinolin; pravastatin; protein p75; RANTES; Rho factor; simvastatin; unclassified drug; hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor; integrase; integrase inhibitor; lens epithelium-derived growth factor; p31 integrase protein, Human immunodeficiency virus 1; recombinant protein; signal peptide; antiviral activity; Article; binding site; cell viability; controlled study; cytotoxicity; dose response; down regulation; drug screening; enzyme activity; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; in vitro study; lipophilicity; priority journal; protein protein interaction; biosynthesis; cell culture; chemistry; cytology; drug effects; drug screening; enzymology; genetics; human; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; metabolism; mononuclear cell; physiology; protein domain; virus replication; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Cells, Cultured; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; HIV Integrase; HIV Integrase Inhibitors; HIV-1; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Lovastatin; Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs; Recombinant Proteins; Virus Replication	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84874169907	The aspect of nationality and performance in a mountain ultra-maratho-the 'Swiss Alpine Marathon'	Eichenberger E., Knechtle B., Rüst C.A., Lepers R., Rosemann T., Onywera V.O.	2012	Journal of Human Sport and Exercise	7	4	10.4100/jhse.2012.74.03	Institute of General Practice and for Health Services Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Gesundheitszentrum St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland; INSERM U887, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France; Kenyatta University, Department of Recreation Management and Exercise Science, Kenya; IAAF Athletics Academy, Kenyatta University, Kenya	Eichenberger, E., Institute of General Practice and for Health Services Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Knechtle, B., Institute of General Practice and for Health Services Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, Gesundheitszentrum St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Rüst, C.A., Institute of General Practice and for Health Services Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Lepers, R., INSERM U887, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France; Rosemann, T., Institute of General Practice and for Health Services Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Onywera, V.O., Kenyatta University, Department of Recreation Management and Exercise Science, Kenya, IAAF Athletics Academy, Kenyatta University, Kenya	Runners from East Africa and especially from Kenya dominate middle- and long- distance running races worldwide. The aim of the present study was to investigate the participation and performance trends regarding the nationality of runners in a mountain ultra-marathon held in partially high alpine terrain. We hypothesized that Kenyan runners, living and training in the Great Rift Valley, a predominantly hilly, mountainous and altitudinous region like the Alps, would dominate also a mountain ultra-marathon because they are accustomed to high altitudes and mountainous terrains. We examined the participation and performance trends of ultra-marathoners regarding their nationalities in the 78-km 'Swiss Alpine Marathon' including 21 km in high alpine terrain where 12,194 men and 1,781 women finished between 1998 and 2011. A total of 1,682 women and 11,580 men, corresponding to 94.9 % of all finishers, originated from Switzerland, Germany, Denmark, Italy, Sweden, Great Britain, Austria, the Netherlands and Luxembourg where only one male Kenyan runner ever participated. Female runners from Denmark, Great Britain, Germany, Luxembourg, Switzerland and Sweden as well as male runners from Denmark, Great Britain, and Sweden increased their participation significantly. Women from the Netherlands became slower whereas women originating from Great Britain became faster. Men from the Netherlands, Denmark, Germany and Switzerland became slower. The fastest runners originated from Switzerland for both women and men. To summarize, runners from Switzerland dominated the 'Swiss Alpine Marathon'. Paradoxically, and interestingly, the Kenyan runners were not dominating the 'Swiss Alpine Marathon'. Further studies should investigate Kenyan participation and performance in ultra-marathons in Africa such as the 'Comrades Marathon'. © Faculty of Education. University of Alicante.	Alpine ultra-running; Endurance running; Ethnicity; Ultra endurance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84921272087	Rapid mapping and impact estimation of illegal charcoal production in southern Somalia based on WorldView-1 imagery	Bolognesi M., Vrieling A., Rembold F., Gadain H.	2015	Energy for Sustainable Development	25	None	10.1016/j.esd.2014.12.008	Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Somalia Water and Land Information Management (SWALIM) Project, P.O. Box 30470-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, AE Enschede, Netherlands; Joint Research Centre of the European Commission, MARS Unit, Via Fermi 2749 TP. 266, Ispra (VA), Italy	Bolognesi, M., Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Somalia Water and Land Information Management (SWALIM) Project, P.O. Box 30470-00100, Nairobi, Kenya, Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, AE Enschede, Netherlands; Vrieling, A., Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, AE Enschede, Netherlands; Rembold, F., Joint Research Centre of the European Commission, MARS Unit, Via Fermi 2749 TP. 266, Ispra (VA), Italy; Gadain, H., Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Somalia Water and Land Information Management (SWALIM) Project, P.O. Box 30470-00100, Nairobi, Kenya	Following more than 20years of civil unrest, environmental information for southern Somalia is scarce. Wood charcoal production and export is a major activity supporting war regimes in this area such as the extreme Islamist group Al-Shabaab. However, little quantitative information exists on the extent of this charcoal production. In this study, we developed a semi-automatic detection method to identify charcoal production sites from very high resolution (0.5m) satellite imagery. We then applied it to a 4700km2 area along the Juba River in southern Somalia using 2011 and 2013 WorldView-1 imagery. Based on the sites detected exclusively for 2013 we estimated an average production of 24,000tonnes of charcoal and 2.7% tree loss for the two-year interval, using literature- and local-knowledge-based assumptions on likely ranges of kiln and tree parameters. Our large-area assessment helps to better understand the dimension and impact of charcoal production in southern Somalia and reveals a rapid depletion of tree cover. The analysis provides a first step towards the development of a charcoal production monitoring system that could be extended to other parts of the country. © 2015 International Energy Initiative.	Al-Shabaab; Forest degradation; Object-based image analysis; Remote sensing; Woodfuel	charcoal; detection method; environmental impact assessment; fuelwood; land degradation; mapping; minority group; monitoring system; satellite imagery; Jubba River; Somalia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84954557817	In vivo anti-plasmodial activities and toxic impacts of lime extract of a combination of Picralima nitida, Alstonia boonei and Gongronema latifolium in mice infected with Chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium berghei	Idowu E.T., Ajaegbu H.C., Omotayo A.I., Aina O.O., Otubanjo O.A.	2015	African Health Sciences	15	4	10.4314/ahs.v15i4.27	Department of Zoology, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria; Nigeria Natural Medicine Development Agency, Federal Ministry of Science and Technology, Nigeria; Biochemistry Division, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Nigeria	Idowu, E.T., Department of Zoology, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria; Ajaegbu, H.C., Nigeria Natural Medicine Development Agency, Federal Ministry of Science and Technology, Nigeria; Omotayo, A.I., Department of Zoology, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria; Aina, O.O., Biochemistry Division, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Nigeria; Otubanjo, O.A., Department of Zoology, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria	Background: Lime extracts of powdered combination of seeds of Picralima nitida, stem bark of Alstonia boonei and leaves of Gongronema latifolium is a common remedy used in the treatment of malaria in South Western Nigeria. Objective: To determine the antiplasmodial activities of the combined herbal extracts and its impact on the haematological, hepatological and renological parameters in mice. Methods: The 4-day suppressive and curative tests were used to assess the antiplasmodial activities of the extract in mice infected with chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium berghei at concentration of 200mg/kg, 400mg/kg and 800mg/kg body weight. The haematological parameters including red blood cells, white blood cells, packed cell volume and haemoglobin count were analysed with an auto analyser. The activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were determined, while urea, protein and creatinine were analysed by standard procedural methods. Results: The 4-day suppressive test revealed that the test extract achieved percentage suppression of 39.0%, 41.6% and 54.68% for the 200mg/kg, 400mg/kg and 800mg/kg concentration respectively. Additionally, the curative test achieved a high percentage suppression of 80.97%, 83.84% and 86.16% at the 200mg/kg, 400mg/kg and 800mg/kg concentration respectively. The extracts did not induce significant change on haematological parameters (P>0.05), while significant elevation in the values of the ALT and AST (P<0.05) was observed and elevation of creatinine (P<0.05) at 800mg/kg. Conclusions: The results support the traditional use of the herbal combination in the treatment of malaria, however the liver cells were impacted by the extracts in bioassay conducted with mice. © 2015, Makerere University, Medical School. All rights reserved.	Alstonia boonei; Gongronema latifolium; In vivo anti-plasmodial lime extract; Mice infected with chloroquine-sensitive plasmodium berghei; Picralima nitida	alanine aminotransferase; alkaline phosphatase; Alstonia boonei extract; antimalarial agent; aspartate aminotransferase; chloroquine; creatinine; Gongronema latifolium extract; hemoglobin; herbaceous agent; Picralima nitida extract; protein; unclassified drug; urea; adult; alanine aminotransferase blood level; alkaline phosphatase blood level; Alstonia; Alstonia boonei; animal experiment; animal model; antimalarial activity; Apocynaceae; Article; aspartate aminotransferase blood level; autoanalyzer; controlled study; creatinine blood level; erythrocyte count; female; Gongronema latifolium; hemoglobin blood level; in vivo study; leukocyte count; male; mouse; Nigeria; nonhuman; Picralima nitida; plant leaf; plant stem; Plasmodium berghei; Plasmodium berghei infection; protein blood level; traditional medicine; urea blood level	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84865172349	Evaluation of some central nervous system properties of methanolic leaf extract of Alstonia boonei	Iniage L.O., Okpo S.O., Olung J.E.	2011	International Journal of Health Research	4	4	None	Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	Iniage, L.O., Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Okpo, S.O., Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Olung, J.E., Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	Purpose: To evaluate some central nervous system activity of methanolic leaf extract of Alstonia boonei used traditionally to manage psychosis. Methods: The plant extract was administered to 5 groups of mice. Using the rotarod performance evaluation test, motor in-coordination (a test for grip strength) as well as potentiation of phenobarbitone induced sleeping time were determined in the animals. Results: Oral administration of the extract caused a significant (p<0.05) increase in length of time spent on the horizontal arm of the rotarod from 111.50 ± 7.22 sec to 139.68 ± 12.51 sec and 128.09 ± 9.14 sec in a non-dose dependent manner when 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of the extract were administered to the animals, respectively (value for control was 48.55 ± 5.03 sec) but did not prolong phenobarbitone induced sleeping time of 94.8 ± 4.1 min in the control mice when compared with 59.8 ± 3.9 min, 77.8 ± 8.9 min, and 66.0 ± 3.3 min for 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of the extract, respectively. Conclusion: Methanolic leaf extract of A. boonei may not increase phenobarbitone-induced sleeping time or produce motor in-coordination in mice.	Alstonia boonei; Methanolic extract; Motor in-coordination; Rotarod	Alstonia boonei extract; central nervous system agents; phenobarbital; unclassified drug; Alstonia; alstonia boonei; animal behavior; animal experiment; article; controlled study; drug efficacy; female; grip strength; male; motor coordination; mouse; nonhuman; plant leaf; rotarod test; sleep time	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84881604645	Formulation and evaluation of Alstonia boonei stem bark powder tablets	Chime S.A., Ugwuoke E.C., Onyishi I.V., Brown S.A., Onunkwo G.C.	2013	Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences	75	2	None	Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Industrial Pharmacy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410 001, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacognosy and Environmental Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410 001, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharma	Chime, S.A., Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Industrial Pharmacy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410 001, Nigeria; Ugwuoke, E.C., Department of Pharmacognosy and Environmental Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410 001, Nigeria; Onyishi, I.V., Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Industrial Pharmacy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410 001, Nigeria; Brown, S.A., Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, 500 001, Nigeria; Onunkwo, G.C., Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Industrial Pharmacy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410 001, Nigeria	The aim of this work was to formulate Alstonia boonei dried stem bark powder into tablets by wet granulation method using acacia, gelatine and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose as binders at concentrations of 1, 2, 4 and 8% w/w. The phytochemistry of the stem bark of Alstonia boonei was evaluated. The micromeritic properties of the granules prepared were studied. The tablets were evaluated using the necessary official and unofficial tests. The results of the phytochemical analysis showed that alkaloids, tannins, steroids, saponins, glycosides, flavonoids and terpenoids were present while anthroquinones and acidcompounds were absent. Micromeritic studies showed that Alstonia boonei granules had good flowability. The formulated tablets complied with British Pharmacopoeial specification for weight uniformity, hardness (≥5 kgf) and tablet friability (<1%). For disintegration test, tablets formulated with gelatine and acacia at concentrations of 1, 2 and 4% w/w complied with Pharmacopoeial specification. However, tablets formulated with SCMC (1-8% w/w) and 8% w/w of acacia and gelatine failed the disintegration tests (Disintegration time more than 15 min).	Alstonia boonei tablets; antimalarial; micromeritic; phyllotaxy; phytochemical analysis	alkaloid; Alstonia boonei extract; carboxymethylcellulose; flavonoid; gelatin; glycoside; lactose; magnesium stearate; plant extract; saponin; steroid; tannin derivative; terpenoid; unclassified drug; Alstonia; alstonia boonei; article; bark; concentration (parameters); crushing strength; drug formulation; drug granulation; evaluation; maize; phytochemistry; plant stem; powder; powder flow; tablet; tablet disintegration; tablet friability; tablet hardness	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928650473	Evaluation of the invitro anti-oxidant activity of Alternanthera brasiliana leaves	Enechi O.C., Odo C.E., Wuave C.P.	2013	Journal of Pharmacy Research	6	9	10.1016/j.jopr.2013.09.006	Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Enechi, O.C., Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Odo, C.E., Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Wuave, C.P., Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Background and aim: Alternanthera brasiliana belongs to the family, Amaranthaceae and is popularly known as Brazilian joyweed. It is a medicinal plant famous for its therapeutic effects in Brazil, South Africa and Nigeria amongst other countries. In the present study, the ethanol extract of the leaves of A. brasiliana was evaluated for its potential anti-oxidant activity. Methods: This was carried out by determining the concentration of total phenols in the extract as well as using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging, iron (II)-chelating, nitric oxide radical-scavenging, ferrous sulphate and carbon tetrachloride-induced lipid peroxidation assays. Results: The results show that the concentration of total phenols in the extract was 0.031±0.006μg/ml of the extract. In addition, the percentage inhibition of DPPH radical exhibited by the increasing concentrations of the extract, iron (II)-chelating and nitric oxide radical-scavenging activities (in percent), percentage inhibitions of ferrous sulphate and carbon tetrachloride-induced lipid peroxidation by the extract ranged from 96.29% to 99.59%, 51.43% to 78.78%, 53.43% to 94.85%, 25.00% to 37.90% and 96.26% to 99.50% respectively. Results of the assays were comparable to those of the standard anti-oxidant (ascorbic acid). Conclusion: The above data provide evidences that the ethanol extract of the leaves of A. brasiliana is rich in natural anti-oxidants and thus justify its use in folk medicine especially in the management of free radical-mediated disorders. © 2013 JPR Solutions.	Alternanthera brasiliana; Anti-oxidants; Ethanol; Free radical and lipid peroxidation	1,1 diphenyl 2 picrylhydrazyl; Alternanthera brasiliana extract; antioxidant; ascorbic acid; carbon tetrachloride; ferrous sulfate; iron chelating agent; nitric oxide; phenol derivative; plant extract; scavenger; unclassified drug; Alternanthera brasiliana; Amaranthaceae; antioxidant activity; Article; drug determination; drug synthesis; in vitro study; lipid peroxidation; male; medicinal plant; nonhuman; plant leaf; rat; solvent extraction	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77954817134	Evaluation of Lippia scaberrima essential oil and some pure terpenoid constituents as postharvest mycobiocides for avocado fruit	Regnier T., Combrinck S., Plooy W.D., Botha B.	2010	Postharvest Biology and Technology	57	3	10.1016/j.postharvbio.2010.03.010	Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, PO Box 56208, Arcadia, Pretoria 0001, South Africa	Regnier, T., Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, PO Box 56208, Arcadia, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Combrinck, S., Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, PO Box 56208, Arcadia, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Plooy, W.D., Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, PO Box 56208, Arcadia, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Botha, B., Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, PO Box 56208, Arcadia, Pretoria 0001, South Africa	Mycobiocides are attracting research interest worldwide as possible postharvest pathogen control measures to replace synthetic fungicides. In this study, the application of two essential oils as fungicides was evaluated. Initially, the in vitro antifungal effects of Lippia scaberrima essential oil and three of the major oil components, (d)-limonene, R-(-)-carvone, and 1,8-cineole, as well as that of S-(+)-carvone, were investigated against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, and an Alternaria isolate. The oil and terpenoids caused significant inhibition of the mycelial growth of all the pathogens when applied at a concentration of 2000μLL-1. The most potent volatile component of L. scaberrima essential oil, able to inhibit all the pathogens tested, proved to be R-(-)-carvone. The efficacy of the essential oil (1000 and 2000μLL-1) incorporated into the commercial coating was confirmed on fruit inoculated with two of the pathogens. A simulated export trial was done using Lippia essential oil, in addition to Mentha spicata (spearmint) essential oil, as supplements for fruit coatings. Results indicate that essential oils rich in R-(-)-carvone could be valuable alternatives to synthetic fungicides for the postharvest management of avocado fruit. The combination of essential oils with a commercial coating, acceptable to the organic market, offers additional protection to this vulnerable commodity. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.	Alternaria; Anthracnose; Avocado; Colletotrichum; Essential oil; Lippia; Spearmint; Stem-end rot	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80053928593	Field evaluation of Ugandan sweetpotato germplasm for yield, dry matter and disease resistance	Yada B., Tukamuhabwa P., Alajo A., Mwanga R.O.M.	2011	South African Journal of Plant and Soil	28	2	None	National Agricultural Research Organization, National Crops Resources Research Institute, Namulonge, P.O. Box, 7084 Kampala, Uganda; Department of Crop Science, Makerere University, P.O. Box, 7062, Kampala, Uganda	Yada, B., National Agricultural Research Organization, National Crops Resources Research Institute, Namulonge, P.O. Box, 7084 Kampala, Uganda, Department of Crop Science, Makerere University, P.O. Box, 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Tukamuhabwa, P., Department of Crop Science, Makerere University, P.O. Box, 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Alajo, A., National Agricultural Research Organization, National Crops Resources Research Institute, Namulonge, P.O. Box, 7084 Kampala, Uganda; Mwanga, R.O.M., National Agricultural Research Organization, National Crops Resources Research Institute, Namulonge, P.O. Box, 7084 Kampala, Uganda	A total of 946 morphologically distinct accessions of sweetpotato {Ipomoea batatas [L] Lam) germplasm collected from Uganda were evaluated along with four released cultivars for root yield, dry matter, sweetpotato virus disease (SPVD) and Alternaria bataticola blight disease resistance for two seasons; 2005B (September 2005 to January 2006) and 2006A (April to August 2006) at three sites for selection of superior genotypes. The genotypes differed significantly in yield, dry matter content, SPVD and Alternaria blight resistance (p=0.05). Genotype SPVD severity ranged from 1.0 to 5.0 with an overall mean of 2.6. Alternaria severity scores ranged from 1.0 to 5.0 with an overall mean of 2.2. Total root yields ranged from 0.0 to 52.5 t ha -1 with an overall average of 20.3 t ha -1. Most genotypes had mean total root yields of less than 15.0 t ha -1, low specific gravity values of less than 2.0, and low disease resistance. A positive correlation was observed between SPVD and Alternaria blight (r=0.33), while both diseases were negatively correlated with yield traits. A total of 192 superior genotypes were selected for further evaluation and use for variety development in hybridization schemes.	Alternaria bataticola; Blight; Ipomoea batatas; Specific gravity; SPVD	crop yield; cultivar; disease resistance; disease severity; dry matter; fieldwork; fungal disease; genotype; germplasm; hybridization; morphology; seasonality; yam; Uganda; Alternaria; Alternaria bataticola; Ipomoea batatas	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953666872	Confidence versus performance as an indicator of the presence of alternative conceptions and inadequate problem-solving skills in mechanics	Potgieter M., Malatje E., Gaigher E., Venter E.	2010	International Journal of Science Education	32	11	10.1080/09500690903100265	Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Department of Education, South Africa; Faculty of Education, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Centre for Evaluation and Assessment, University of Pretoria, South Africa	Potgieter, M., Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Malatje, E., Department of Education, South Africa; Gaigher, E., Faculty of Education, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Venter, E., Centre for Evaluation and Assessment, University of Pretoria, South Africa	This study investigated the use of performance-confidence relationships to signal the presence of alternative conceptions and inadequate problem-solving skills in mechanics. A group of 33 students entering physics at a South African university participated in the project. The test instrument consisted of 20 items derived from existing standardised tests from literature, each of which was followed by a self-reported measure of confidence of students in the correctness of their answers. Data collected for this study included students' responses to multiple-choice questions and open-ended explanations for their chosen answers. Fixed response physics and confidence data were logarithmically transformed according to the Rasch model to linear measures of performance and confidence. The free response explanations were carefully analysed for accuracy of conceptual understanding. Comparison of these results with raw score data and transformed measures of performance and confidence allowed a re-evaluation of the model developed by Hasan, Bagayoko, and Kelley in 1999 for the detection of alternative conceptions in mechanics. Application of this model to raw score data leads to inaccurate conclusions. However, application of the Hasan hypothesis to transformed measures of performance and confidence resulted in the accurate identification of items plagued by alternative conceptions. This approach also holds promise for the differentiation between over-confidence due to alternative conceptions or due to inadequate problem-solving skills. It could become a valuable tool for instructional design in mechanics. © 2010 Taylor & Francis.	Alternative conceptions; Confidence; Mechanics; Performance; Rasch model	None	None
None	None	Evaluation of HIV antibody and antigen/antibody combination ELISAs for use in an alternative confirmatory HIV testing strategy in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Aboud S., Urassa W., Lyamuya E., Mhalu F., Biberfeld G.	2006	Journal of Virological Methods	135	2	10.1016/j.jviromet.2006.03.005	Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control and Microbiology, Tumorbiology Centre, Karolinska Institute, Nobels väg 18, SE-171 82 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden	Aboud, S., Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Urassa, W., Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Lyamuya, E., Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Mhalu, F., Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Biberfeld, G., Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control and Microbiology, Tumorbiology Centre, Karolinska Institute, Nobels väg 18, SE-171 82 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden	The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of two antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) [Vironostika Uni-Form II plus O and Enzygnost® anti-HIV-1/2 Plus], and two antigen/antibody combination ELISAs [Murex and Vironostika HIV Uni-Form II] for use in an alternative confirmatory HIV diagnostic testing strategy in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Altogether, 1380 serum samples were included. All ELISA reactive samples were tested using the Inno-Lia antibody assay and discrepant samples were tested on the Innotest p24 antigen assay. Three hundred and one (21.8%) samples were confirmed HIV-1 antibody positive by Inno-Lia including 27/508 (5.3%) from blood donors, 65/511 (12.7%) from pregnant women and 209/361 (57.9%) from hospital patients. The sensitivity at initial testing was 100% (95% CI; 98.8-100%) for all assays except Vironostika Uni-Form II plus O (99.7%; 95% CI; 98.2-99.9%) which showed one false negative sample at initial testing but 100% sensitivity after repeat testing. The final specificity at repeat testing was 100% (95% CI; 99.7-100%) for Enzygnost® anti-HIV-1/2 Plus, 99.4% (95% CI; 98.8-99.8%) for each of the antigen/antibody combination ELISAs and 97.9% (95% CI; 96.8-98.6%) for Vironostika plus O ELISA. An alternative confirmatory HIV testing strategy based on initial testing on any of the two antigen/antibody assays followed by testing of reactive samples on the Enzygnost® anti-HIV-1/2 Plus assay gave 100% specificity (95% CI; 99.7-100%). © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Alternative confirmatory strategy; HIV antigen/antibody combination assay; p24 antigen	antigen p24; Human immunodeficiency virus antibody; Human immunodeficiency virus antigen; antigen antibody complex; antigen binding; article; blood donor; blood sampling; clinical article; confidence interval; diagnostic test; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; false negative result; female; hospital patient; human; Human immunodeficiency virus; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Human immunodeficiency virus 2; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; immunoassay; pregnant woman; priority journal; sensitivity analysis; sensitivity and specificity; Tanzania; AIDS Serodiagnosis; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; HIV Antibodies; HIV Core Protein p24; HIV-1; HIV-2; Humans; Sensitivity and Specificity; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Murex	None
None	None	Field performance of alternative landfill covers vegetated with cottonwood and eucalyptus trees	Abichou T., Musagasa J., Yuan L., Chanton J., Tawfiq K., Rockwood D., Licht L.	2012	International Journal of Phytoremediation	14	None	10.1080/15226514.2011.607869	Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Florida State University Tallahassee, 2525 Pottsdamer Street, Tallahassee, FL 32310, United States; Civil Engineering Department, Dar es Salaam Institute of Technology, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Geosyntec Consultants, Columbia, Maryland, United States; Department of Oceanography, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States; School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States; Ecolotree, Inc., North Liberty, Iowa, United States	Abichou, T., Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Florida State University Tallahassee, 2525 Pottsdamer Street, Tallahassee, FL 32310, United States; Musagasa, J., Civil Engineering Department, Dar es Salaam Institute of Technology, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Yuan, L., Geosyntec Consultants, Columbia, Maryland, United States; Chanton, J., Department of Oceanography, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States; Tawfiq, K., Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States; Rockwood, D., School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States; Licht, L., Ecolotree, Inc., North Liberty, Iowa, United States	A field study was conducted to assess the ability of landfill covers to control percolation into the waste. Performance of one conventional cover was compared to that of two evapotranspiration (ET) tree covers, using large (7 × 14 m) lined lysimeters at the Leon County Solid Waste management facility in Tallahassee, Florida. Additional unlined test sections were also constructed and monitored in order to compare soil water storage, soil temperature, and tree growth inside lysimeters and in unlined test sections. The unlined test sections were in direct contact with landfill gas.Surface runoff on the ET covers was a small proportion of the water balance (1% of precipitation) as compared to 13% in the conventional cover. Percolation in the ET covers averaged 17% and 24% of precipitation as compared to 33% in the conventional cover. On average, soil water storage was higher in the lined lysimeters (429 mm) compared to unlined test sections (408 mm). The average soil temperature in the lysimeters was lower than in the unlined test sections. The average tree height inside the lysimeters was not significantly lower (8.04 m for eucalyptus and 7.11 m for cottonwood) than outside (8.82 m for eucalyptus and 8.01 m for cottonwood). ET tree covers vegetated with cottonwood or eucalyptus are feasible for North Florida climate as an alternative to GCL covers. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.	alternative covers; cottonwood; eucalyptus; evapotranspiration; landfill covers; lysimeter	rain; water; article; chemistry; construction work and architectural phenomena; environmental monitoring; Eucalyptus; growth, development and aging; pollution; Populus; season; soil; standard; temperature; tree; United States; waste disposal facility; water flow; water pollution; Environmental Monitoring; Environmental Pollution; Eucalyptus; Facility Design and Construction; Florida; Populus; Rain; Seasons; Soil; Temperature; Trees; Waste Disposal Facilities; Water; Water Movements; Water Pollution; Eucalyptus; Populus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80053335269	Performance investigation of ozone-friendly R404A and R507 refrigerants as alternatives to R22 in a window air-conditioner	Bolaji B.O.	2011	Energy and Buildings	43	11	10.1016/j.enbuild.2011.08.011	Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Bolaji, B.O., Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria	In this study, experimental research was carried out to investigate the performance of R22 and its ozone-friendly alternative refrigerants (R404A and R507) in a window air-conditioner. The performance parameters of the system using R22 were considered as benchmarks and those obtained using alternative refrigerants were compared. Experimental results showed that R22 had the lowest pressure ratio and discharge temperature closely followed by R507. The average discharge temperature obtained using R507 and R404A were 4.2% and 15.3% higher than that of R22, respectively. The lowest compressor power and energy consumption were obtained from R507 retrofitted system. Also, the highest refrigeration capacity and coefficient of performance (COP) were obtained using R507 in the system. The average refrigeration capacities of R507 and R404A were 4.7% higher and 8.4% lower than that of R22, respectively, while the average COP of R507 increased by 10.6% and that of R404A reduced by 16.0% with respect to that of R22. Generally, the investigation has revealed that R507 can be used successfully as a retrofitting refrigerant in existing window air-conditioners originally designed to use R22 in the event of HCFC phased out. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Alternative; Experimental; Ozone-friendly; Performance; Window air-conditioners	Air conditioners; Alternative; Alternative refrigerant; Coefficient of performance; Compressor power; Discharge temperature; Experimental; Experimental research; Ozone-friendly; Performance; Performance parameters; Pressure ratio; Refrigeration capacity; Retrofitted system; Air conditioning; Energy utilization; Ozone; Refrigeration; Retrofitting; Refrigerants	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84910001755	Performance of goats fed on low quality veld hay supplemented with fresh spiny cactus (Opuntia megacantha) mixed with browse legumes hay in Zimbabwe	Gusha J., Halimani T.E., Katsande S., Zvinorova P.I.	2014	Tropical Animal Health and Production	46	7	10.1007/s11250-014-0636-z	Para-Clinical Department of Veterinary Studies, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Department of Animal Science, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe	Gusha, J., Para-Clinical Department of Veterinary Studies, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Halimani, T.E., Department of Animal Science, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Katsande, S., Para-Clinical Department of Veterinary Studies, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Zvinorova, P.I., Para-Clinical Department of Veterinary Studies, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe	Nutrition is a major constraint in smallholder livestock production; hence, the use of alternative sources which are adaptive to long dry seasons is imperative. The study was conducted to establish options of improving nutrition and palatability and also to determine the performance of goats fed on cactus–browse hay as dry season supplements. Palatability and adequacy of nutrition was investigated using 32 castrated male goat kids. The kids were housed in individual metabolism cages for 84 days in a complete randomised design (CRD) with eight replicates for the four treatment diets. Daily experimental diet, basal diet and water intake were measured, and live mass was measured at weekly intervals. Daily diet intake was significantly different (P < 0.05) among treatments. Kids that were supplemented with cactus–Leucaena leucocephala meal (CLLM) consumed more than those on cactus–Acacia angustissima meal (CAAM), cactus–Gliricidia sepium meal (CGSM) and cactus–Pennisetum purpureum meal (CPPM) in that order. CGSM was not readily palatable as goat kids refused to take it when mixed with fresh cactus. Animals that were not supplemented with a source of nitrogen together with those that were supplemented with less palatable diet of CGSM lost weight significantly (P < 0.05) initially but gained weight slightly towards the end of the study. Significantly higher weight gains (P < 0.05) were observed in animals in CLLM and CAAM treatment. It was concluded that fresh cactus could be used to improve poor quality roughage intakes in goats, and therefore, there is need to promote its use in periods of feed deficit especially in smallholder sector. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Alternative feeds; Cactus–browse legume; Dry season supplements; Nutrition adequacy; Palatability	analysis; animal; animal food; controlled study; diet; diet supplementation; Fabaceae; goat; growth, development and aging; male; metabolism; morphometrics; Opuntia; physiology; randomized controlled trial; season; statistical model; veterinary; weight gain; Zimbabwe; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Body Weights and Measures; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Fabaceae; Goats; Male; Models, Statistical; Opuntia; Seasons; Weight Gain; Zimbabwe	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-37349014525	Growth performance of pigs fed on diets containing Acacia karroo, Acacia nilotica and Colophospermum mopane leaf meals	Halimani T.E., Ndlovu L.R., Dzama K., Chimonyo M., Miller B.G.	2007	Livestock Research for Rural Development	19	12	None	Department of Animal Science, University of Zimbabwe, P. O. Box MP 167, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; National University of Science and Technology, P. O Box AC 939, Ascot, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe; Department of Animal Sciences, Animal Breeding and Genetics, Stellenbosch, University, P Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Department of Livestock and Pasture, University of Fort Hare, P. Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford House, Langford, Bristol BS40 5DU, United Kingdom	Halimani, T.E., Department of Animal Science, University of Zimbabwe, P. O. Box MP 167, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Ndlovu, L.R., National University of Science and Technology, P. O Box AC 939, Ascot, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe; Dzama, K., Department of Animal Sciences, Animal Breeding and Genetics, Stellenbosch, University, P Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Chimonyo, M., Department of Livestock and Pasture, University of Fort Hare, P. Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; Miller, B.G., Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford House, Langford, Bristol BS40 5DU, United Kingdom	Growth performance of pigs fed diets containing 10 % Acacia karroo, Acacia nilotica and Colophospermum mopane leaf meals was investigated using 20 individually penned male Large White pigs weighing 32.4 ± 5.86 kg (mean ± sd) over 56 days. There was no significant effect of including leaf meals on average daily liveweight gain and feed conversion ratio (P > 0.05). Pigs supplemented with Acacia karroo had significantly higher intake than the other diets (P < 0.05). The control diet had a higher digestibility of crude protein and dry matter compared to the treatment diets (P < 0.05) except for the dry matter digestibility of the Acacia nilotica supplemented diet, which was not different to that of the control diet (P > 0.05). After the 56-day feeding period, there was an increase in the secretion of trichloroacetic acid soluble proteins from the parotid glands in all diets that contained leaf meals. No change was observed in the mandibular glands (P < 0.05). The activity of hepatic microsomal uridine diphosphate glucuronyl transferase increased significantly for pigs fed on the supplemented diets (P < 0.05). Indices of mitosis in the small intestine, the kidney and the liver were not affected by inclusion of leaf meals (P > 0.05). In conclusion, inclusion of leguminous leaf meals in pig fattening diets reduced digestibility of the feed, but did not affect growth rate. Inclusion of leguminous leaf meals in the diets of pigs is, therefore, a feasible technology that farmers may adopt as part of their feeding strategy for pigs.	Alternative feeds; Flavonoids; Salivary proteins; Tannins; Tropical legumes	Acacia; Acacia karroo; Acacia nilotica; Colophospermum mopane; Pieris brassicae; Suidae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84886439252	The effect of dietary inclusion of jatropha curcas kernel meal on growth performance, feed utilization efficiency and survival rate of juvenile nile tilapia	Workagegn K.B., Ababbo E.D., Tossa B.T.	2013	Journal of Aquaculture Research and Development	4	5	10.4172/2155-9546.1000193	Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Hawassa University, P.O. Box 5, Hawassa, Ethiopia	Workagegn, K.B., Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Hawassa University, P.O. Box 5, Hawassa, Ethiopia; Ababbo, E.D., Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Hawassa University, P.O. Box 5, Hawassa, Ethiopia; Tossa, B.T., Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Hawassa University, P.O. Box 5, Hawassa, Ethiopia	The study investigated the effect of dietary inclusion of different proportion of heat treated and heat untreated Jatropha curcas kernel meal (JCKM) on growth performance, feed utilization efficiency and survival rate of juvenile Nile tilapia. Ten fish with an average body weight of 2.36 g fish-1 were randomly distributed in each experimental aquarium in triplicates, and fed with experimental diets for 65 days. The results revealed that the highest growth performance in terms of final body weight and specific growth rate was observed on the fish fed with heat treated control diet followed by heat untreated control diet and 10% heat treated JCKM with same survival rate. Similarly, the best feed utilization efficiency in terms of feed conversion ratio and feeding efficiency was observed on the fish fed with heat treated control diet followed by 10% heat treated JCKM and heat untreated control diet. All fish fed the above three diets had higher growth performance, feed utilization efficiency and survival rate without significant (P>0.05) variation to each other. However, fish fed with the rest of the experimental diets had significantly (P<0.05) lower. Thus, the inclusion of excess dietary JCKM (above 10% heat treated dietary JCKM and at any level of heat untreated dietary JCKM) depressed growth performance, feed utilization efficiency and survival rate of the fish. This implies that heat treatment has an effect on reduction of some of anti-nutritional factors and toxicants in JCKM. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of heat treated JCKM in fish diet increases growth performance and feed utilization efficiency of the fish without increasing mortality rare, and thus, it is a future promising feed ingredient for fish feed production. © 2013 Workagegn KB, et al.	Alternative feed source; Feed ingredient; Oreochromis niloticus; Performance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-44349150471	Effect of composite cassava meal with or without palm oil and/or methionine supplementation on broiler performance	Ukachukwu S.N.	2008	Livestock Research for Rural Development	20	4	None	Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Science, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P M B 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria	Ukachukwu, S.N., Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Science, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P M B 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria	Two experiments were carried out to investigate the response of broiler chicks to substitution of composite cassava meal (CCM) for maize in broiler diets as well as to assess the impact of supplementing CCM-based diet with palm oil and/or methionine on performance of starter broiler chicks. In experiment 1 six diets in which CCM replaced maize at 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% and designated T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6, respectively were fed to 144 day-old broiler chicks in a completely randomized design (CRD) experiment. In experiment 2, five diets designated D1 (control, without CCM), D2 (maize-CCM type diet), D3 (maize-CCM type diet with methionine supplementation), D4 (maize-CCM type diet with palm oil supplementation), and D5 (maize-CCM type diet with palm oil and methionine supplementation) were fed to 150 day-old broiler birds in a CRD experiment. At end of experiment 1 (day 56), daily feed intakes (DFI) of birds in T1, T2, T3, and T4 were similar (P>0.05), but significantly lower (P<0.05) than the DFI of birds fed diet T6. Birds fed diets T1, T2, T3, and T4 had similar (P>0.05) final live weight, daily weight gain (DWG), feed conversion (FCR), and protein efficiency ratio (PER), which were significantly better (P<0.05) than the final live weight, DWG, FCR, and PER of birds fed diet T6. Generally, there was increasing intake as the CCM inclusion level increased, while the response parameters showed a general trend of decreasing performance as the inclusion level of CCM increased. On economics of production of finished broilers, the cost/Kg feed, on relative basis using the control diet (T1) as baseline, ranged from 100% to 79.62% for T1-T6 respectively. Feeding of diets T4 and T5 yielded the highest (P<0.05) gross margin (GM) values that were however similar to the GM values of birds fed diets T2 and T3 but higher (P<0.05) than the GM value of birds fed diet T1, while the GM of birds fed dietT6 was the lowest (P<0.05). In experiment 2, there were significant (P<0.05) differences among treatment means of all the parameters. Birds fed D4 and D5 diets had significantly higher (P<0.05) body weight (BWt) and daily weight gain (DWG) than birds fed D2 but were similar to those fed D1 (control) and D3.The feed conversion ratios (FCR) and protein efficiency ratios (PER) of D5, D4 and D1 were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those of D2 but similar to those of D3.	Alternative feedstuff; Broiler nutrition; Energy supplementation; Feed additives; Growth response	Aves; Manihot esculenta; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-76749137281	The impact of Fischer-Tropsch diesel on the oxidation stability of biodiesel (FAME) blends	Blignaut A., Collier L., Pretorius M.	2009	Journal of ASTM International	6	10	10.1520/JAI102579	Sasol Limited, Johannesburg 1947, South Africa	Blignaut, A., Sasol Limited, Johannesburg 1947, South Africa; Collier, L., Sasol Limited, Johannesburg 1947, South Africa; Pretorius, M., Sasol Limited, Johannesburg 1947, South Africa	Fischer-Tropsch (FT) distillates and first generation biodiesel are alternative fuels that can both be used directly as neat fuels in an internal combustion diesel engine or as blend stocks with conventional diesel fuel. Biodiesel is generally produced by the catalytic trans-esterification of triglycerides (vegetable oil) with methanol to form fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) and glycerol as a by-product. The FT process (or FT synthesis) Is a catalyzed chemical reaction In which synthesis gas (syngas), a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, Is converted into liquid hydrocarbons of various compositions. The oxidation and thermal stability of diesel fuel are very important properties since unstable diesel fuels can form soluble gums and or insoluble organic particulates that can clog the fuel filters and fuels system components. In the quest for increased efficiency of internal combustion compression ignition engines, the engines are increasingly downsized and turbo charged. These developments, together with the latest demands from modern injector systems, place a greater demand on the oxidative and thermal stability performance of a fuel due to the exposure of fuels to higher temperatures in comparison to historic engine and injector designs. Recirculation of heated fuel can also cause injector deposits originating from either gum or particulate formation. Biodiesel (FAME) and FT diesel have shown to be fully compatible as blend components with conventional crude derived diesel. FT diesel, produced from the low temperature FT (LTFT) process, generally has a lower density and viscosity and good cold flow properties. It Is also a very stable fuel, which compensates for the high viscosity and density, poor cold flow properties, and unstable nature associated with biodiesel (FAME). This paper discusses the results obtained from a comparative study of the oxidation stability (using the Rancimat methodology) of FT (high temperature FT and LTFT) and petroleum diesel fuels, blended with up to 20 vol % of soya and rapeseed derived biodiesel (FAME). Copyright © 2009 by ASTM International.	Alternative fuel; Crude derived diesel; Fischer-Tropsch (FT); Oxidation stability; Synthetic fuels	Blend components; Cold flow properties; Comparative studies; Compression ignition engine; Fatty acid methyl ester; Fischer Tropsch; Fischer-Tropsch (FT); Fischer-Tropsch diesel; FT synthesis; Fully compatible; High temperature; Higher temperatures; Internal combustion; Internal combustion diesel engine; Liquid hydrocarbons; Low temperatures; Lower density; Organic particulates; Oxidation stability; Particulate formation; Petroleum diesel fuels; Rancimat; Recirculations; Syn-gas; System components; Thermal stability; Alternative fuels; Biodiesel; Carbon monoxide; Diesel engines; Diesel fuels; Esterification; Esters; Fatty acids; Glycerol; Hydrocarbons; Ignition; Jet pumps; Methanol; Oxidation; Petroleum distillates; Synthesis (chemical); Synthesis gas; System stability; Thermodynamic stability; Vegetable oils; Viscosity; Synthetic fuels	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79251480044	Microbial evaluation and public health implications of urine as alternative therapy in clinical pediatric cases: Health implication of urine therapy	Ogunshe A.A.O., Fawole A.O., Ajayi V.A.	2010	Pan African Medical Journal	5	None	None	Applied Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Department of Biology, The Polytechnic, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Biology and Microbiology Unit, Department of Sc	Ogunshe, A.A.O., Applied Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Fawole, A.O., Department of Biology, The Polytechnic, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Ajayi, V.A., Biology and Microbiology Unit, Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Moshood Abiola Polytechnic, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	Background: Cultural means of pediatric treatment during ill health is a mainstay in Africa, and though urine has been known to contain enteric pathogens, urine therapy is still culturally applicable in some health conditions and also advocated as alternative therapy. The study therefore, is to evaluate the microbial contents and safety of urine. Methods: Urinary bacteria from cows and healthy children aged 5-11 years were identified by conventional phenotypic methods and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using modified agar disc and well-diffusion methods. Results: A total of 116 bacterial isolates (n = 77 children; n = 39 cows) were identified as Bacillus (10.4%; 5.1%)), Staphylococcus (2.6%; 2.6%), Citrobacter (3.9%; 12.8%), Escherichia coli (36.4%; 23.1%), Klebsiella (7.8%; 12.8%), Proteus (18.2%; 23.1%), Pseudomonas (9.1%; 2.6%), Salmonella (3.9%; 5.1%) and Shigella (7.8%; 12.8%) spp. Antibiotic resistance rates of the Gram-positive bacteria were high (50.0-100%), except in Bacillus strains against chloramphenicol, gentamicin and tetracycline (14.3%), while higher resistance rates were recorded among the Gram-negative bacteria except in Citrobacter (0.0%) and Proteus (8.5%) spp. against gentamicin and tetracycline respectively. The Gram-negative bacteria from ito malu (cow urine) were more resistant bacteria except in Citrobacter (20.0%) and Shigella spp. (0.0%) against tetracycline and Proteus spp. (11.1%), (22.2%) against amoxicillin and tetracycline respectively. Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) rates recorded in children urinal bacterial species were 37.5-100% (Gram-positive) and 12.5-100% (Gram-negative), while MAR among the cow urinal bacteria was 12.5-75.0% (Gram-positive) and 25.0-100% (Gram-negative). Similar higher resistance rates were also recorded among the Gram-negative bacterial species from urine specimens against the pediatric antibiotic suspensions. Conclusion: The study reported presence of multiple antibiotic-resistant indicator bacteria in human urine and ito malu used as alternative remedy in pediatric health conditions like febrile convulsion. © Adenike Adedayo O. Ogunshe et al.	Alternative medicine; Antibiotic resistance; Convulsion; Cultural behaviour; Infant mortality; Nigeria; Pediatic; Urine therapy	agar; amaxin; amoxicillin; amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid; ampicillin; ampicillin plus cloxacillin; antibiotic agent; azithromycin; cefaclor; cefadroxil; cefalerin; cefamor; cefuroxime axetil; chloramphenicol; clindamycin; clofencol; cloxacillin; cotrimoxazole; emicillin; emzoclox; erythrokid; erythromycin; erythromycin stearate; flucloxacillin; fusidic acid; gentamicin; jawaclox; loxagyl; loxaprim; metronidazole; odoxil ds; penicillin G; rancotrim; sulfamethoxazole; tetracycline; throtal; trimethoprim; unclassified drug; antiinfective agent; alternative medicine; antibiotic resistance; antibiotic sensitivity; article; Bacillus; bacterium identification; bacterium isolation; child; childhood disease; Citrobacter; controlled study; cow; Escherichia coli; febrile convulsion; female; Gram negative bacterium; Gram positive bacterium; human; Klebsiella; male; microbiological examination; nonhuman; phenotype; preschool child; Proteus; Pseudomonas; public health service; Salmonella; school child; Shigella; species difference; Staphylococcus; urine therapy; African medicine; animal; antibiotic resistance; cattle; drug effect; evaluation; febrile convulsion; Gram negative bacterium; Gram positive bacterium; isolation and purification; microbiological examination; microbiology; pediatrics; public health; urine; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cattle; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Humans; Male; Medicine, African Traditional; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Pediatrics; Public Health; Seizures, Febrile; Urine	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84876482379	Impact of medical students' attitude on referral intention to traditional healers and traditional medicine: A case study	Mammen M., Longo-Mbenza B., Vanzanten M.	2013	Studies on Ethno-Medicine	7	1	None	Mandela Drive, P/Bag X1, Unitra-5117, Mthatha, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa; Walter Sisulu University, Nelson Mandela Drive, P/Bag X1, Unitra-5117, Mthatha, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa; FAIMER (Foundation for Advancement of International Medical Education and Research), South Africa	Mammen, M., Mandela Drive, P/Bag X1, Unitra-5117, Mthatha, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa; Longo-Mbenza, B., Walter Sisulu University, Nelson Mandela Drive, P/Bag X1, Unitra-5117, Mthatha, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa; Vanzanten, M., FAIMER (Foundation for Advancement of International Medical Education and Research), South Africa	Collaboration between traditional healers (TH) and medical doctors is encouraged by the South African Government. The objective of this study was to investigate the frequency and determinants of referral intention of medical students to traditional healers. This cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students from Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha. Socio-demographic factors, ethnicity, beliefs, practices, attitude of students, friends, parents and villagers were the potential explanatory variables in univariate and multivariate analyses. Out of a sample of 98 medical students, only 15% indicated willingness to refer parents and friends to traditional healers. Gender, age, religion, province and district did not influence the referral intention. Positive attitude of friends (p=0.031), of villagers (p=0.047), of students (p=0.004), on consulting traditional healers (p<0.001) and beliefs of students in Traditional Medicine (TM) (p=0.002) were the significant correlates of referral intention. However, after adjusting for confounding factors, only positive attitude of medical students to TM was found to be the significant and independent determinant of referral intention to traditional healers. The data lead to the conclusion that referral intention to TH and TM was very low among medical students. Therefore, intervention for integrative medicine should begin with medical students to develop a positive attitude towards TM, the important and significant determinant of referral intention to TH/TM. If doctors recognize the effectiveness of CAM in the management of some illnesses, the current gap between both medical approaches will get narrowed. © Kamla-Raj 2013.	Alternative medicines. referral intention. integrative medicine. medical curriculum attitude	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84857652892	Effect of alternative preservatives on the microbial quality, lipid stability and sensory evaluation of boerewors	Mathenjwa S.A., Hugo C.J., Bothma C., Hugo A.	2012	Meat Science	91	2	10.1016/j.meatsci.2012.01.014	Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa	Mathenjwa, S.A., Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; Hugo, C.J., Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; Bothma, C., Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; Hugo, A., Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa	Boerewors is a South African fresh sausage preserved with 450mg/kg sulphur dioxide (SO 2). The preservative effects of rosemary (Ros; 260mg/kg) and chitosan (Chi; 10g/kg) were compared to SO 2. Eight boerewors models were formulated. Microbial, colour, lipid and sensory characteristics were evaluated. Chi and Chi in combination with other preservatives had a significant effect on reducing total bacterial, coliform and Enterobacteriaceae counts, comparable to SO 2. Chi, however, had a better effect on decreasing yeasts and mould counts than SO 2. Chi showed good colour properties comparable to SO 2. Ros showed comparable lipid stability to SO 2 but better when compared to Chi. Ros had a better effect on the sensory taste when compared to Chi, but SO 2 was still preferred. Reduced levels of 100mg/kg SO 2 showed good antimicrobial and colour effects in combination with Chi and in combination with Ros as antioxidant and improving the sensory properties. Alternative preservatives can be used to reduce the SO 2 content of boerewors. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.	Alternative preservatives; Boerewors; Chitosan; Rosemary extract; Sulphur dioxide (SO 2)	Boerewors; Colour properties; Enterobacteriaceae; Fresh sausages; Microbial quality; Rosemary extracts; Sensory characteristics; Sensory evaluation; Sensory properties; Chitosan; Color; Sulfur determination; Sulfur dioxide; Bacteria (microorganisms); Enterobacteriaceae; Rosmarinus officinalis; antiinfective agent; chitosan; food preservative; sulfur dioxide; adult; animal; article; bacterial count; bacterium; cattle; color; drug effect; female; food control; food preservation; fungus; human; lipid peroxidation; male; meat; methodology; microbiology; middle aged; Rosmarinus; South Africa; spice; swine; taste; yeast; Adult; Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Bacteria; Cattle; Chitosan; Colony Count, Microbial; Color; Female; Food Microbiology; Food Preservation; Food Preservatives; Fungi; Humans; Lipid Peroxidation; Male; Meat Products; Middle Aged; Rosmarinus; South Africa; Spices; Sulfur Dioxide; Sus scrofa; Taste; Yeasts; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349251730	Growth performance, nutrient utilization of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fed housefly maggot meal (magmeal) diets	Ogunji J., Summan Toor R.-U.-A., Schulz C., Kloas W.	2008	Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences	None	1	None	Ebonyi State University, Department of Animal Production and Fisheries Management, Nigeria; Institute of Freshwater Ecology and, Inland Fisheries Berlin, Germany; Anatomy University of Agriculture, Dept. of Veterinary, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; Institut	Ogunji, J., Ebonyi State University, Department of Animal Production and Fisheries Management, Nigeria, Institute of Freshwater Ecology and, Inland Fisheries Berlin, Germany; Summan Toor, R.-U.-A., Anatomy University of Agriculture, Dept. of Veterinary, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; Schulz, C., Institut für Tierzucht und Tierhaltung Christian, Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Kloas, W., Institute of Freshwater Ecology and, Inland Fisheries Berlin, Germany, Institute of Biology, Dept. of Endocrinology, Humboldt University Berlin, Germany	A 56 day study was carried out to evaluate the growth performance and nutrient utilization of Nile Tilapia fed diets containing housefly maggot meal (magmeal). Three isoenergetic diets respectively containing 31.20, 34.0 and 36.10% crude protein were formulated. Fishmeal was replaced partially with magmeal. Results of the study showed a good overall growth performances and status of experimental fish. Standard growth rate was between 2.58 - 3.08; food conversion ratio ranged from 1.12 to 1.45; Protein efficiency ratio was between 2.21-2.47, while hepatosomatic Index and condition factor were ranged between 3.08-3.14; and 2.47-2.89, respectively. Fish survival was 100%. These recommend the suitability of magmeal in diets for Nile tilapia fingerling. However, the apparent crude protein digestibility of diet 3 (65.71%) containing highest magmeal dietary inclusion level, decreased significantly compared to diet 1 and 2 (76.26%, 77.04%). This may be due to the effect of elevated ash concentration of magmeal used in the diet formulation. © Central Fisheries Research Institute (CFRI) Trabzon, Turkey and Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA).	Alternative protein sources; Fishmeal substitute; Magmeal	Musca domestica; Oreochromis niloticus; Tilapia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84919970692	Performance study of the eco-friendly hydrofluoroolefins and dimethyl-ether refrigerants in refrigeration systems	Bolaji B.O.	2014	Sigurnost	56	2	None	Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Federal University of Agriculture, College of Engineering, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Bolaji, B.O., Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Federal University of Agriculture, College of Engineering, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria	This paper presents theoretical investigation of the performance of eco-friendly hydrofluoroolefins (R1234yf and R1234ze) and dimethyl-ether (RE170) refrigerants as substitutes for R134a in a standard vapour compression refrigeration system. The results showed that the vapour pressure of R1234yf and RE170 is very close to that of R134a, while the vapour pressure of R1234ze in the temperature range of -30 to 40°C deviated by 25.3% high. Very high refrigerating effect and condenser duty were obtained using RE170, which shows that it will equally excellently perform as a heat pump refrigerant. The condenser duty obtained using R1234yf and R1234ze is slightly lower, by 17.2 and 9.9%, than that of R134a, respectively. RE170 and R1234yf exhibited very close volumetric refrigerating capacity with R134a. The average coefficient of performance (COPref) obtained using RE170 is 6.2% higher than that of R134a, while the COPref obtained for R1234yf and R1234ze is slightly lower, by 6.1 and 0.9%, respectively. Generally, the performance of the three alternative refrigerants is quite similar to that of R134a, but the best overall performance is obtained using RE170. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014.	Alternative refrigerant; Dimethyl-ether; Eco-friendly; Hydrofluoroolefins; Performance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84899443331	Theoretical analysis of the energy performance of three low global warming potential hydro-fluorocarbon refrigerants as R134a alternatives in refrigeration systems	Bolaji B.O.	2014	Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy	228	1	10.1177/0957650913507252	Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nigeria College OfEngineering, Federal University of Agriculture, PMB 2240 Abeokuta, Nigeria	Bolaji, B.O., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nigeria College OfEngineering, Federal University of Agriculture, PMB 2240 Abeokuta, Nigeria	In this study, the energy performances of low global warming potential R152a, R161 and R1234yf refrigerants were investigated theoretically as alternatives to R134a in vapour compression refrigeration system. The results obtained showed that the saturation vapour pressures for R152a and R1234yf are very close to the pressure of R134a, which indicates similar properties, while that of R161, between the temperatures range of ?30? and 40?, deviated significantly by being 49.2% higher than that of R134a. R152a emerged as the most energy efficient of the investigated refrigerants with average power per ton of refrigeration being 30.5% less than that of R134a. R152a and R161 exhibited higher volumetric refrigerating capacity and coefficient of performance than did R134a. The highest coefficient of performance was obtained using R152a in the system, with average value being 43.5% higher than that of R134a, while the average coefficient of performances for R161 and R1234yf are 4.8% higher and 7.1% lower, respectively. Generally, R152a performed better than other two alternatives, except that it is mildly flammable refrigerant. Major system redesign will be required before R161 can be employed as substitute for R134a. Also, R1234yf showed slightly low energy performance in terms of power per ton of refrigeration, volumetric refrigerating capacity and coefficient of performance. © IMechE 2013 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/ journalsPermissions.nav.	Alternative refrigerant; energy; global warming; hydro-fluorocarbons; performance; R152a	Energy efficiency; Fluorocarbons; Global warming; Phase change materials; Refrigerants; Vapors; Alternative refrigerant; energy; hydro-fluorocarbons; performance; R152a; Refrigeration	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928343486	Thermodynamic analysis of the performance of a vapour compression refrigeration system, working with R290 and R600a mixtures	Bolaji B.O., Huan Z.	2013	Scientia Iranica	20	6	None	Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa	Bolaji, B.O., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Huan, Z., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa	Environmentally benign natural refrigerants have recently attracted considerable attention due to refrigerant contributions to ozone depletion and global warming. In the group of natural refrigerants, hydrocarbons are most closely related to the HFCs. In addition to their zero ODP and very low GWP, they are compatible with common materials found in refrigerating systems. Therefore, in this study, a performance simulation of R290 and R600a mixtures (80/20, 70/30, 60/40 and 50/50 proportion by mass, designated by RM1, RM2, RM3 and RM4, respectively) in a vapour compression refrigeration system is conducted by the thermodynamic calculation of performance parameters using REFPROP software. The results show that the mixtures exhibit higher refrigerating effects than R134a. The average pressure ratio obtained for RM1, RM2, RM3 and RM4 was 19.5, 16.5, 14.0 and 11.8% lower than that of R134a, respectively. All the mixtures, except RM1, exhibited a low discharge pressure, which is more desirable in refrigeration systems. The COPs of the mixtures were close to that of R134a with the advantage of higher values. Generally, the overall performance of the selected mixtures was better than that of R134a. The performance of RM4 was the best in terms of low compressor work and discharge pressure, and high COP, at varying evaporating temperatures. © 2013 Sharif University of Technology. All rights reserved.	Alternative refrigerants; Hydrocarbon mixtures; R134a; R290; R600a; Thermodynamic	Computer software; Global warming; Hydrocarbons; Mixtures; Ozone layer; Refrigerants; Thermoanalysis; Thermodynamics; Alternative refrigerant; Hydrocarbon mixture; R134a; R290; R600a; Refrigeration; compressibility; cooling; discharge; parameterization; performance assessment; simulation; software; thermodynamics	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84877851391	Comparative analysis of the performance of hydrocarbon refrigerants with R22 in a sub-cooling heat exchanger refrigeration system	Bolaji B.O., Huan Z.	2012	Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy	226	7	10.1177/0957650912454829	Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa	Bolaji, B.O., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa; Huan, Z., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa	In this study, the performance of some hydrocarbon refrigerants (R290, R600a and R1270) as alternatives to R22 in vapour compression refrigeration system was investigated theoretically employing a sub-cooling heat exchanger. The effects of sub-cooling on the performance of the investigated refrigerants were quantified in terms of relative capacity index. The results obtained showed that the saturated vapour pressure and specific volume of R290 and R1270 are very close to those of R22; therefore, they could be used as substitutes for R22. The condenser duty using R290, R600a and R1270 are better than that of R22 with the highest value obtained using R1270, which shows that they could perform very well as refrigerants in heat pump systems. The coefficient of performances of all the investigated refrigerants were found to be in the range 3.10-3.51. The degree of sub-cooling greatly increased the coefficient of performance and it had positive effects on the refrigerating capacity. The average relative capacity indices obtained for R290, R600a and R1270 were 35.4%, 29.5% and 27.3% higher than that of R22, respectively. Generally, the thermophysical properties of R290 and R1270 matched those of R22 and the two refrigerants exhibited better performance than R22 in sub-cooling heat exchanger refrigeration system. R600a has slightly better performance in terms of lower power per ton of refrigeration and higher coefficient of performance, but its saturation pressure and specific volume deviate significantly from that of R22, which will require major system redesign before it can be employed as R22 substitute. Copyright © IMechE 2012.	Alternative refrigerants; Hydrocarbons; Performance; R22; Sub-cooling	Alternative refrigerant; Coefficient of Performance; Hydrocarbon refrigerants; Performance; R22; Saturated vapour pressure; Subcoolings; Vapour compression refrigeration systems; Heat exchangers; Hydrocarbons; Phase change materials; Refrigeration; Thermodynamic properties; Vapors; Refrigerants	None
None	None	Entomological evaluation of malaria vectors at different altitudes in Hai District, Northeastern Tanzania	Kulkarni M.A., Kweka E., Nyale E., Lyatuu E., Mosha F.W., Chandramohan D., Rau M.E., Drakeley C.	2006	Journal of Medical Entomology	43	3	10.1603/0022-2585(2006)43[580:EEOMVA]2.0.CO;2	Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, Ste Anne de Bellevue, Que. H9X 3V9, Canada; Joint Malaria Programme, P.O. Box 2228, Moshi, Tanzania; Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, P.O. Box 3010, Moshi, Tanzania; Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom	Kulkarni, M.A., Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, Ste Anne de Bellevue, Que. H9X 3V9, Canada, Joint Malaria Programme, P.O. Box 2228, Moshi, Tanzania; Kweka, E., Joint Malaria Programme, P.O. Box 2228, Moshi, Tanzania; Nyale, E., Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, P.O. Box 3010, Moshi, Tanzania; Lyatuu, E., Joint Malaria Programme, P.O. Box 2228, Moshi, Tanzania; Mosha, F.W., Joint Malaria Programme, P.O. Box 2228, Moshi, Tanzania, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, P.O. Box 3010, Moshi, Tanzania; Chandramohan, D., Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; Rau, M.E., Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, Ste Anne de Bellevue, Que. H9X 3V9, Canada; Drakeley, C., Joint Malaria Programme, P.O. Box 2228, Moshi, Tanzania, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom	Entomological monitoring in four villages situated along an altitude transect in the Hai District of Northeastern Tanzania identified Anopheles arabiensis Patton as the principal vector of malaria and detected seasonal changes in vector behavior. Over a 13-mo sampling period, 10,557 mosquitoes were collected with CDC light traps, pyrethrum spray catches, and pit traps of which 5,969 (56.5%) were An. arabiensis, 762 (7.2%) were Anopheles funestus Giles s.l., 3,578 (33.9%) were culicines, and 248 (2.3%) were nonvector anophelines. Vector densities declined rapidly with increasing altitude, demonstrating a 50% decrease in annual human biting rate for every 86-m rise in altitude. Light traps were found to be more efficient than spray catches for the collection of An. arabiensis. This observation was attributed to increased exophily of this species, most notably in the wet season, and is supported by seasonal changes in the human blood index and fed/gravid ratio. These results indicate that spray catches may underestimate the abundance of exophilic vectors such as An. arabiensis and that entomological monitoring may require more than one collection method, especially at low vector densities. The annual entomological inoculation rate (EIR) decreased sharply with increasing altitude, with large variation around the estimate at low vector densities. Increased transmission because of unpredictable short rains at low altitudes and spatial clustering of infective mosquitoes may contribute to elevated EIR estimates. © 2006 Entomological Society of America.	Altitude; Anopheles arabiensis; Entomological inoculation rate; Malaria; Tanzania	Anopheles arabiensis; Anopheles funestus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-69249112209	Pastoralists perceptions and rangeland evaluation for livestock production in south eastern Ethiopia	Abate T., Ebro A., Nigatu L.	2009	Livestock Research for Rural Development	21	7	None	Hawassa University, Department of Animal and Range Science, P. O. Box, 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia; Adami Tulu Agriculture Research Center, P.O.Box 35, Zeway, Ethiopia; Haromaya University, P.O.Box, 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia	Abate, T., Hawassa University, Department of Animal and Range Science, P. O. Box, 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia; Ebro, A., Adami Tulu Agriculture Research Center, P.O.Box 35, Zeway, Ethiopia; Nigatu, L., Haromaya University, P.O.Box, 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia	This paper reports the results of a study carried out to examine the traditional rangeland utilization practices, and evaluation of the rangelands in Rayitu district of south-Eastern Ethiopia. Traditional pastoralists' rangeland utilization practices were assessed using structured questionnaires and group discussions. The rangelands were evaluated by stratifying the district in altitude and grazing types using grass, soil and woody layers parameters. About 91% of the pastoralists replied that the condition of their rangelands was poor and the main problems were drought, overgrazing and bush encroachment. Over 86% reported that compared to past, their grazing lands are now covered with bushes and shrubs. Annual and less desirable grass species dominated the communal grazing sites while perennial and highly desirable grass species were most frequent in the benchmark sites. Mean total range condition score in the communal, enclosure and benchmark sites were 23.40 ±1.35 (poor), 39 ± 1.35 (fair) and 50.42 ±0.9 (good), respectively. The perception and rangeland evaluation studies confirmed that the communal grazing sites have deteriorated in condition and need improvement interventions. The enclosure sites were in transitional state from poor to fair condition and this suggests a need for intervention to improve their condition while the benchmark sites need maintenance of their present condition.	Altitude; Biomass; Grazing types; Species composition; Traditional rangeland utilization	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892463055	Performance of Kenyan athletes in mountain versus flat marathon running - an example in Switzerland	Harm C., Knechtle B., Rüst C.A., Rosemann T., Lepers R., Onywera V.	2013	Journal of Human Sport and Exercise	8	4	10.4100/jhse.2013.84.01	Surgical Clinic, Kantonsspital Frauenfeld, Frauenfeld, Switzerland; Gesundheitszentrum St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Institute of General Practice and for Health Services Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; INSERM U1093, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France; Department of Recreation Management and Exercise Science, Kenyatta University, Kenya	Harm, C., Surgical Clinic, Kantonsspital Frauenfeld, Frauenfeld, Switzerland; Knechtle, B., Gesundheitszentrum St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland, Institute of General Practice and for Health Services Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Rüst, C.A., Institute of General Practice and for Health Services Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Rosemann, T., Institute of General Practice and for Health Services Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Lepers, R., INSERM U1093, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France; Onywera, V., Department of Recreation Management and Exercise Science, Kenyatta University, Kenya	The purpose of this study was to compare running performance of Kenyans in a flat city marathon and a mountain marathon in Switzerland. Running times of top three overall Kenyan runners were compared with running times of top three overall runners of other nations in a mountain and a flat marathon held in Switzerland between 2003 and 2011. In the mountain marathon top three male Kenyans achieved with 199±23min the 11th fastest running time behind athletes from Italy (177±1min), Switzerland (179±0min), France (186±5min), Great Britain (189±3min), Mexico (189±3min), Germany (192±5min), Czech Republic (195±13min), Morocco (195±7min), USA (196±6min) and Hungary (198±8min). Female Kenyan athletes did not even participate in the mountain marathon. In the city marathon top three male Kenyan athletes achieved the second fastest running time (130±1min) behind Swiss athletes (129±1min), Kenyan female runners had the fifth fastest running time (158±4min) behind athletes from Russia (153±2min), Ethiopia (154±2min), Switzerland (155±2min) and Poland (155±4min). To summarize, in Switzerland, Kenyans achieved not the fastest running times in a mountain marathon while they attained the second fastest running times in flat marathon. © Faculty of Education. University of Alicante.	Altitude; East africa; Long-distance run; Mountain	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77957193563	Evaluation of the effect of soil acidity amelioration on maize yield and nutrient interrelationships using stepwise regression and nutrient vector analysis	Van Jansen Rensburg H.G., Claassens A.S., Beukes D.J.	2010	South African Journal of Plant and Soil	27	2	None	Department of Plant Production and Soil Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; ARC-Institute for Soil, Climate and Water, Private Bag X79, Pretoria 0001, South Africa	Van Jansen Rensburg, H.G., Department of Plant Production and Soil Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Claassens, A.S., Department of Plant Production and Soil Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Beukes, D.J., ARC-Institute for Soil, Climate and Water, Private Bag X79, Pretoria 0001, South Africa	The interrelationships between elemental content of selected soil and leaf nutrients and maize grain yield were evaluated in a liming experiment conducted on a Hutton and Oakleaf soil in a resource-poor farming area in the Mpumalanga Province of South Africa. Improved uptake of Mo by maize with increased soil P status was found on the Hutton soil, while N and P uptake improved, due to lime and fertiliser application, on both soils. Boron uptake by maize was depressed with lime application on the Oakleaf soil. Maize yield on the Hutton soil was adversely affected by Al toxicity, while plant Ca deficiency was the dominant factor that limited maize grain yield, followed by Al level and a depressed B uptake on the Oakleaf soil. Nutrient vector analyses showed a toxic build-up of Fe, followed by Al and to a lesser extent Mn. These toxic elements depressed the uptake of Ca, Mg and B by maize on the Hutton soil. On the Oakleaf soil, Al toxicity, followed by high concentrations of Mn and Fe, markedly reduced the uptake of Ca, Mg and K by maize.	Al-toxicity; Ca deficiency; Mg deficiency; Nutrient interactions; Resource-poor farmers; Vector analysis	acidity; aluminum; bioaccumulation; crop yield; experimental study; fertilizer application; liming; maize; nutrient uptake; phytotoxicity; regression analysis; soil nutrient; soil property; toxicity test; vector; yield response; South Africa; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84923344046	Direct cost does not impact on young children's spontaneous helping behavior	Nielsen M., Gigante J., Collier-Baker E.	2014	Frontiers in Psychology	5	DEC	10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01509	Early Cognitive Development Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Applied Human Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa	Nielsen, M., Early Cognitive Development Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, School of Applied Human Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Gigante, J., Early Cognitive Development Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Collier-Baker, E., Early Cognitive Development Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia	The propensity of humans to engage in prosocial behavior is unlike that of any other species. Individuals will help others even when it comes at a cost to themselves, and even when the others are complete strangers. However, to date, scant empirical evidence has been forthcoming on young children's altruistic tendencies. To investigate this 45 4-year-olds were presented with a task in which they had opportunity to help an adult confederate retrieve a reward from a novel box. In a control condition children were given no information about the effect of potential helping behavior. Alternatively they were informed that helping would either cost them (i.e., they would miss out on getting the reward) or benefit them (i.e., they would get the reward). It was hypothesized that children would be less likely, and slower, to help in the cost condition, compared to the other two conditions. This hypothesis was not supported: children across all conditions provided help at near ceiling levels. © 2014 Nielsen, Gigante and Collier-Baker.	Altruism; Helping behavior; Preschool children; Prosocial behavior; Social development	None	DP140101410, ARC, Australian Research Council
Scopus	2-s2.0-34249801761	Migration of husbands, remittances and agricultural production: Impacts when wives are left to manage households in rural Kenya	Kiriti-Nganga T.W.	2007	Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment	5	2	None	University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya	Kiriti-Nganga, T.W., University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya	This article investigates the forces leading to migration of husbands from rural Kenya, the economic situation and activities of wives with migrant husbands, receipt and use of remittances by wives and the possible influences of remittances on capital formation in rural Kenya, using the Nyeri district as a case study. Although the residual sample of rural wives whose husbands have migrated to urban areas in Kenya is small, the analysis of this sample highlights several important points worthy of further investigation. It seems that rural husbands who migrate from rural Kenya have limited education and skills and are mostly pushed out of rural areas rather than pulled. The wives seem not to be empowered in relation to economic and family decision-making. The husband and his relatives retain control of important economic and household decisions and this has negative impacts on agricultural productivity. The wives are hampered by their relative lack of access to agricultural extension officers, finance for farm investment and capital resources for use on their farm. Probit analysis suggests that the probability of a wife obtaining remittances from a migrant husband declines with the number of years of his absence and the age of the wife but increases with the number of her dependent children and whether or not she employs hired labour. Duration of migration is important in explaining the amount of remittances but not in explaining the likelihood of wives receiving remittances. Overall indications are that remittances are mostly motivated by altruism or social obligation of the migrant to his family. This study was limited by lack of resources but nonetheless provides useful pointers to further research.	Altruism; Migration; Pull; Push; Remittances	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79958809090	Evaluation of snail shell as a coagulant aid in the alum precipitation of aniline blue from aqueous solution	Oladoja N.A., Aliu Y.D., Ofomaja A.E.	2011	Environmental Technology	32	6	10.1080/09593330.2010.509868	Department of Chemistry, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Nigeria; Department of Industrial Chemistry, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	Oladoja, N.A., Department of Chemistry, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Nigeria; Aliu, Y.D., Department of Chemistry, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Nigeria; Ofomaja, A.E., Department of Industrial Chemistry, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	The present studies aimed to evaluate the potential of snail shell (SS) as a coagulant aid in the alum precipitation of aniline blue (AB), an acid dye, from an aqueous system. The proximate physico-chemical characteristics of the SS were determined, and the results obtained showed that the pHsolution was 8.01, the SS was made up of a high fraction of inorganic constituents (ash content of 93.76%), Ca2+ was present as the major metal ion (99.74%), and the point of zero charge (PZC) was found to be at pH 7.9. The mineralogical assemblage was studied using an X-ray diffractometer, and the results obtained revealed the presence of aragonite. The stability and leaching of the SS, tested in different aqueous media (acidic, basic and neutral solutions) showed that the SS was less stable in the acidic medium. Both alum and SS were used, differently, for dye precipitation. The use of alum alone showed no precipitating effect on the AB dye molecules, whereas SS alone was able to reduce the dye concentration considerably. When the SS was used as a coagulant aid in alum precipitation, the percentage of the AB dye molecule removed increased. The effects of some process variables (coagulant/coagulant aid dosage, pH and flocculation time) were optimized by the method of continuous variation. The results obtained showed that an appreciable amount of the AB dye molecules was abstracted across the pH range, but the highest value was achieved at the lowest pH values. Studies on the effect of time on the flocculation of the precipitated AB molecule showed that the problem of redispersion and restabilization encountered in alum precipitation could be overcome using an alum-SS combination. The settling characteristics of the sludge obtained from the use of SS alone and an alum-SS combination were studied by measuring the sludge volume index (SVI, mg/g) over time. The value of the SVI showed that the sludge produced from the alum-SS combination had better settling characteristics than the sludge from the use of SS alone. Subsequent to the results obtained from the present studies, the use of the SS as a coagulant aid in the alum precipitation of the anionic dye as a unit process tertiary method of treatment in a suspended-growth wastewater treatment system was proposed. © 2011 Taylor & Francis.	alum; aniline blue; coagulation; flocculation; snail shell; wastewater	Acid dye; Acidic mediums; alum; aniline blue; Anionic dye; Aqueous media; Aqueous system; Ash contents; Dye concentration; Dye molecule; Major metal; Neutral solution; pH range; pH value; Physicochemical characteristics; Point of zero charge; Process Variables; Redispersions; Restabilization; Settling characteristics; Sludge volume index; snail shell; Unit process; Wastewater treatment system; X ray diffractometers; Aniline; Animals; Carbonate minerals; Flocculation; Leaching; Metal ions; Molecules; pH effects; Settling tanks; Wastewater; Wastewater treatment; Coagulation; aluminum; aniline blue; aniline derivative; calcium carbonate; calcium ion; metal ion; unclassified drug; aluminum oxide; aqueous solution; coagulation; dye; flocculation; physicochemical property; shell; snail; X-ray diffraction; article; flocculation; leaching; pH; physical chemistry; precipitation; sludge; snail; waste water management; X ray diffraction; Alum Compounds; Aniline Compounds; Animals; Flocculation; Fluorescent Dyes; Snails; Solutions; Water; X-Ray Diffraction; Gastropoda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-62649112701	Evaluation of plantain peelings ash extract as coagulant aid in the coagulation of colloidal particles in low pH aqua system	Oladoja N.A., Aliu Y.D.	2008	Water Quality Research Journal of Canada	43	03-Feb	None	Department of Chemistry, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Nigeria	Oladoja, N.A., Department of Chemistry, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Nigeria; Aliu, Y.D., Department of Chemistry, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Nigeria	The use of plantain peelings ash extract (PPAE) as a coagulant aid in a low pH water was evaluated in the present studies. Plantain peelings were collected, washed, dried, and ashed in a furnace. The ash was extracted using deionized water, and the chemical composition was examined using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Synthetic turbid water of varying turbidities (50, 100, 300 NTU) and varying pHs (2, 3, 4) were prepared by clay dispersion in deionized water. The optimum alum dosages for the coagulation of colloidal particles in different turbid waters of varying pHs were determined by method of continuous variation using the jar test procedure. The residual turbidities of the treated waters were determined, and the alum doses that gave the minimum residual turbidities were taken as the optimum dosage for the removal of colloidal particles. The use of PPAE as a coagulant aid with alum showed an improvement in the value of residual turbidities of the treated waters. Results obtained from the different studies showed that treated waters of lower residual turbidities were obtained from synthetic waters of higher initial turbidities and pHs. The pH of the treated water decreased with an increase in alum dosage, whereas an increase in the pH value was observed with the addition of PPAE as a coagulant aid. High correlation coefficient values (r2) were obtained when the changes in pH (i.e., ΔpH = pHf -pH) of the treated waters were correlated with alum and PPAE additions, and mathematical relationships were derived from the linear graph. Studies on the effect of flocculation time on residual turbidity showed that an optimum flocculation time of 30 minutes was attained, when alum was used alone, before redistribution and redispersion of the flocs was noticed. This phenomenon did not occur when PPAE was used as a coagulant aid. © 2008, CAWQ.	Alum; Ash; Coagulant; Plantain peel extract; Turbidity	Alum; Atomic absorption spectrophotometer; Chemical compositions; Clay dispersion; Colloidal particle; Correlation coefficient; Jar test; Linear graph; Mathematical relationship; pH value; Redispersions; Residual turbidity; Synthetic waters; Turbid water; Coagulation; Flocculation; Solvent extraction; Turbidity; Water absorption; Water treatment; Deionized water; ash; atomic absorption spectroscopy; chemical composition; coagulation; colloid; dispersion; flocculation; pH; plant extract; turbidity; water quality; water treatment	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84950137912	Evaluation of the mechanical properties and corrosion behaviour of coconut shell ash reinforced aluminium (6063) alloy composites	Daramola O.O., Adediran A.A., Fadumiye A.T.	2015	Leonardo Electronic Journal of Practices and Technologies	14	27	None	Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria; Mechanical Engineering Department, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria	Daramola, O.O., Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria; Adediran, A.A., Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria; Fadumiye, A.T., Mechanical Engineering Department, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria	Aluminium 6063/Coconut shell ash (CSAp) composites having 3-12 weight percent (wt%) coconut shell ash were fabricated by double stir-casting method. The microstructure, ultimate tensile strength, hardness values, density and corrosion behaviour in 0.3M H2SO4 and 3.5wt% NaCl solution of the composites were evaluated. The density of the composites exhibit a linear and proportional decreased as the percentage of coconut shell ash increases in the aluminium alloy. It implies that composites with lower weight component can be produced by adding CSAp. The microstructural analysis showed uniform distribution of coconut shell ash particles in the aluminium alloy matrix. Significant improvement in hardness and ultimate tensile strength values was noticeable as the wt% of the coconut shell ash increased in the alloy, although this occur at the expense of ductility of the composites as the modulus of elasticity of the composites decreases as the percentage of CSAp increases. Hence, this work has established that incorporation of coconut shell particles in aluminum matrix can lead to the production of low cost aluminum composites with improved hardness and tensile strength values. © 2015, AcademicDirect. All rights reserved.	Aluminium 6063; Coconut shell; Composite; Corrosion; Matrix; Mechanical properties; Stir casting	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84925970724	Recycled aluminium cans/eggshell composites: Evaluation of mechanical and wear resistance properties	Agunsoye J.O., Bello S.A., Talabi I.S., Yekinni A.A., Raheem I.A., Oderinde A.D., Idegbekwu T.E.	2015	Tribology in Industry	37	1	None	Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, University of Lagos, Akoka Yaba Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kwara State, University, Malete, Kwara State, Nigeria; Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engine	Agunsoye, J.O., Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, University of Lagos, Akoka Yaba Lagos, Nigeria; Bello, S.A., Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kwara State, University, Malete, Kwara State, Nigeria; Talabi, I.S., Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Yekinni, A.A., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lagos State Polytechnic, Surulere Lagos, Nigeria; Raheem, I.A., Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, University of Lagos, Akoka Yaba Lagos, Nigeria; Oderinde, A.D., Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, University of Lagos, Akoka Yaba Lagos, Nigeria; Idegbekwu, T.E., Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, University of Lagos, Akoka Yaba Lagos, Nigeria	Aluminium based metal matrix composites have been produced from recycled aluminium cans and 150μm sized eggshell particles using a stir cast process. The mechanical properties of the control and aluminium can/eggshell composites produced have been investigated. The microstructures of the aluminium can/eggshell composites were examined with the aids of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) after the sample surfaces have been carefully prepared and etched with aqueous solution of 0.5 cm3 nitric acid. Micrographs revealed that there was a homogenous distribution of eggshell particles within the aluminium can matrix. An indication of effective stirring action during the melting process. The wear resistance was also investigated under different applied loads (6 to 14 N) on an abrasive surface emery paper of grade 220. The results revealed an increase in Young’s modulus of elasticity and yield stress from 1,206.45 and 50.23 Mpa respectively of the cast aluminium can with 0% eggshell particle to the maximum of 3,258.87and 73.2 MPa of aluminium can/12% eggshell composites. The hardness values increased from 66.23 to 75.13 VN. There was a gradual increase in wear rate of the tested samples as the applied load increased. However, the wear resistance of the aluminium can/6% eggshell and aluminium can/12% eggshell composites increased significantly. Hence, recycling of aluminium cans and eggshells can be harnessed into development of useful engineering metal matrix composite materials. © 2015 Published by Faculty of Engineering.	Aluminium can; Mechanical properties; Recycling; Rugged; Waste	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884419325	Impact of Al and Fe on the development of phenanthrene catabolism in soil	Obuekwe I.S., Semple K.T.	2013	Journal of Soils and Sediments	13	9	10.1007/s11368-013-0759-2	Department of Microbiology, University of Benin, Benin, Nigeria; Lancaster Environmental Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom	Obuekwe, I.S., Department of Microbiology, University of Benin, Benin, Nigeria; Semple, K.T., Lancaster Environmental Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom	Purpose: Heavy metals often occur as co-contaminants with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and reportedly have adverse effects on biodegradation. In this study, the development of 14C-phenanthrene mineralisation in soil co-contaminated with aged or freshly added Al or Fe amendment was assessed. Materials and methods: 14C-phenanthrene mineralisation was assessed using respirometry; respirometers incorporated a Teflon-lined screw-capped CO2 trap containing 1-M NaOH within a glass scintillation vial. The production of 14CO2 was assessed by the addition of Ultima Gold liquid scintillation fluid to the CO2 traps and subsequent liquid scintillation counting. Enumeration of phenanthrene-degrading bacteria was achieved by counting the colony forming unit count using the spread plate method. Results and discussion: This investigation considered the effects of Al and Fe (50, 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg) on 14C-phenanthrene biodegradation in soil over 63-day contact time. Fresh Al amendments at lower concentrations (50 and 100 mg/kg) stimulated phenanthrene catabolism (p &lt;0.05) at t = 21 and 42 days which may reflect an 'Arndt-Schulz' effect, but phenanthrene catabolism was significantly reduced (p &lt;0.05) in 500 mg/kg aged Al this could be due to Al toxicity to phenanthrene degraders. Phenanthrene mineralisation was stimulated in the highest Fe concentration (500 mg/kg) in aged and fresh Fe amendments at t = 21 days. This could be because Fe is an essential requirement for microbial growth. Conclusions: The impact of Al or Fe on the catabolism of 14C-phenanthrene was dependent on incubation time and Al was more toxic than Fe to soil PAH catabolic activity. This could be because Al is a non-essential microbial requirement. Bioremediation of soils co-contaminated with PAH and heavy metal is a complex problem; therefore, studies on the impact of metals on PAHs biodegradation highlight the risks and biodegradation potential in contaminated soil. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Aluminium; Catabolism; Iron; Phenanthrene; Soil	aluminum; biodegradation; catabolism; heavy metal; iron; PAH; phenanthrene; soil pollution; toxicity; Bacteria (microorganisms)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84865661795	The blast and impact loading of aluminium foam	Merrett R.P., Langdon G.S., Theobald M.D.	2013	Materials and Design	44	None	10.1016/j.matdes.2012.08.016	Blast Impact Survivability Research Unit (BISRU), Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	Merrett, R.P., Blast Impact Survivability Research Unit (BISRU), Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Langdon, G.S., Blast Impact Survivability Research Unit (BISRU), Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Theobald, M.D., Blast Impact Survivability Research Unit (BISRU), Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	This paper reports results from impact and blast loading experiments on aluminium foam. The impact tests covered the velocity range required to induce non-uniform strain, and the propagation of a densification front through the specimen (often referred to as 'shock'). In the direct impact tests, the velocity and test direction influenced the material response, with the stress tending to increase with velocity in the reverse direction. No significant increase in the stress was exhibited during the forward direction tests. This is in accordance with shock theory. Taylor test results confirmed the presence of shock in the foam specimens at impacts in excess of 60 m/s. For the blast tests, the impulse range produced by detonating plastic explosive did not result in shock loading of foam core cladding specimens. As strength enhancement due to shock may be undesirable in cladding structures due to the increased stress transfer to the protected structure, the cladding was considered acceptable. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.	Aluminium foam; Blast loading; Direct impact; Shock	Aluminium foam; Blast loading; Cladding structures; Direct impact; Impact and blast loadings; Non-uniform strain; Shock; Strength enhancement; Explosives; Metal cladding; Aluminum	NRF, National Research Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-84881303051	Compaction of metal foam subjected to an impact by a low-density deformable projectile	Karagiozova D., Langdon G.S., Nurick G.N.	2013	International Journal of Impact Engineering	62	None	10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2013.07.004	Institute of Mechanics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Street, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria; Blast Impact and Survivability Research Unit (BISRU), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	Karagiozova, D., Institute of Mechanics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Street, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria, Blast Impact and Survivability Research Unit (BISRU), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Langdon, G.S., Blast Impact and Survivability Research Unit (BISRU), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Nurick, G.N., Blast Impact and Survivability Research Unit (BISRU), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	The deformation of a stationary foam block due to an impact by a foam projectile is analysed. Several combinations between the properties and geometry of the projectile and stationary block are used in order to reveal the characteristic features of deformation under the condition of decreasing velocity during the impact event. No details of the cellular geometry are analysed and it is assumed that the foam is a homogeneous material. The dynamic compaction of the foam block and projectile is described by a one-dimensional model. The model is based on the propagation of a strong discontinuity unloading wave when using the actual experimentally derived stress-strain curves for three aluminium based foam: Alporas with 9% relative density and Cymat foams with 9.3% and 21% relative density. Numerical simulations were carried out to verify the proposed model. It is shown that the strain distribution in the foam blocks significantly depends on the material properties and boundary conditions. It is shown that a more distinct boundary between the compacted and undeformed foam can be observed in the projectile while the strains in the stationary block usually decrease gradually with the increase of the distance travelled by the compaction wave from the interaction boundary. It is demonstrated that the proposed approach is capable of predicting the history and final strain distribution in the foam with sufficient accuracy. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Aluminium foam; Compaction wave; Deformable projectile; Impact; Strain distribution	Aluminium foam; Deformable projectile; Dynamic compaction; Homogeneous materials; Impact; One-dimensional model; Strain distributions; Strong discontinuity; Aluminum; Compaction; Deformation; Foams; Metals; Strain; Stress-strain curves; Unloading; Projectiles	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960078061	Recuperative performance of a non-ferrous melting furnace	Ighodalo O.A.	2010	European Journal of Scientific Research	44	1	None	Mechanical Engineering Department, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria	Ighodalo, O.A., Mechanical Engineering Department, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria	Recuperative heating is employed in Furnaces as a means of conserving energy and improving efficiency. A metallic, shell and tube, counter-flow type recuperator was fitted to a non-ferrous melting Furnace and the Furnace performance with recuperation compared without recuperation. Experimental measurements obtained for the two test operations were fed as inputs to a heat balance program. From the outputs of the program, a comparison was made of the temperature conditions and thermal indicators. The results show that in-furnace temperature for Furnace operation with recuperation was higher by 10.5 %, a 6.3% savings in fuel consumption per kilogram of metal melted, a 22.7% savings in energy consumption per kilogram of metal melted, a 3.6% reduction in waste heat and a 9.8% reduction in heating time were also achieved with the Furnace operation with recuperation. There is an enhanced capacity in metal melting by 35.9%, a 27.7% increase in useful heat utilization and a 5.4% increase in total heat utilization. The Furnace operation has been enhanced with recuperation. © 2010 EuroJournals Publishing, Inc.	Aluminium; Furnace; Heat-balance; Recuperation	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650423903	Evaluation of palm exudate (Palm Wine) as corrosion inhibitor for Al-5%Si/15%Sic composite in caustic Soda solution	Asuke F., Yaro S.A., Oloche O.B.	2010	Journal of Applied Sciences Research	6	11	None	Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Ahmadu BelloUniversity Zaria, Nigeria; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria	Asuke, F., Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Ahmadu BelloUniversity Zaria, Nigeria; Yaro, S.A., Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Ahmadu BelloUniversity Zaria, Nigeria; Oloche, O.B., Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria	The corrosion characteristic of Al-5%Si/15%SiC composite in 0.5molar sodium hydroxide solution (caustic soda) using Palm exudate (palm wine) as corrosion inhibitor was investigated employing gravimetric and potential measurements. The research was carried out at a constant time of five (5) hours and varying inhibitor concentrations and temperature in the range of 0.5 - 2.5% v/v and 30 - 70°C respectively. Results obtained revealed that palm wine is a moderate corrosion inhibitor for the composite with optimum concentration of 1.0% v/v, maximum inhibition efficiency of 47.63% was obtained at 30°C at the optimum inhibitor concentration. Thermodynamic parameters such as heat of adsorption, free energy and activation energy were obtained from experimental data. The inhibitor was chemically absorbed unto the surface of the composite. © 2010, INSInet Publication.	Aluminium metal matrix composite; Corrosion inhibition; Palm wine and sodium hydroxide	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84874789959	Influence of aluminium microstructure on corrosion and Corrosion inhibitor performance in acidic medium	Umoren S.A., Li Y., Wang F.H.	2010	Journal of Materials and Environmental Science	1	3	None	State Key Laboratory for corrosion and Protection, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 62 Wencui Road, Shenyang 110016, China; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Uyo, P.M.B 1017, Uyo, Nigeria	Umoren, S.A., State Key Laboratory for corrosion and Protection, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 62 Wencui Road, Shenyang 110016, China, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Uyo, P.M.B 1017, Uyo, Nigeria; Li, Y., State Key Laboratory for corrosion and Protection, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 62 Wencui Road, Shenyang 110016, China; Wang, F.H., State Key Laboratory for corrosion and Protection, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 62 Wencui Road, Shenyang 110016, China	The corrosion behaviour of aluminium with two different microstructures namely polycrystalline (pc-Al) and microcrystalline aluminium coating (mc-Al) fabricated from the polycrystalline Al target by magnetron sputtering in 0.1M H2SO4 solution was studied. The corrosion inhibiting effect of polyacrylamide (PA) was also investigated. Results show that surface microcrystallization increases the corrosion susceptibility of aluminium leading to increase in the kinetics of the anodic dissolution. PA was found to reduce the corrosion rates of both Al samples. Inhibition efficiency of PA was concentration dependent and was more pronounced on the mc-Al specimen.	Aluminium; Microcrostructure; Polyacrylamide	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-20744436885	Evaluation of aluminium phosphide against house mice (Musmusculus) in Ghana	Adu-Acheampong R., Sarfo J.E., Avemegah R., Odzawo V.	2005	Tests of Agrochemicals and Cultivars	None	26	None	Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, P. O. Box 8, Tafo-Akim, Ghana; Quality Control Division, COCOBOD, Takoradi, Ghana	Adu-Acheampong, R., Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, P. O. Box 8, Tafo-Akim, Ghana; Sarfo, J.E., Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, P. O. Box 8, Tafo-Akim, Ghana; Avemegah, R., Quality Control Division, COCOBOD, Takoradi, Ghana; Odzawo, V., Quality Control Division, COCOBOD, Takoradi, Ghana	[No abstract available]	Aluminium phosphide; Control; Gastoxin; House mice	Mus musculus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884948338	Evaluation of cast Al-Si-Fe alloy/coconut shell ash particulate composites	Aku S.Y., Yawas D.S., Apasi A.	2013	Gazi University Journal of Science	26	3	None	Ahmadu Bello University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria	Aku, S.Y., Ahmadu Bello University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria; Yawas, D.S., Ahmadu Bello University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria; Apasi, A., Ahmadu Bello University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria	Al-7wt%Si-2wt%Fe alloy/Coconut shell ash(CSAp) composites having 3-15wt%coconut shell ash were fabricated by double stir-casting method. The microstructure, hardness values and density of the composites were evaluated. The density of the composites decreased as the percentage of coconut shell ash increases in the aluminum alloy. This means that composites of lower weight component can be produced by adding CSAp. Microstructural analysis showed fairy distribution of coconut shell ash particles in the aluminum alloy. The presence of the coconut shell ash particles in the matrix alloy resulted in a much smaller grain size in the cast composites compared to the matrix alloy as confirmed from X-ray diffractometer analysis. Significant improvement in hardness values is noticeable as the wt% of the coconut shell ash increased in the alloy. Hence, this work has established that incorporation of coconut shell particles in aluminum matrix can lead to the production of low cost aluminum composites with improved hardness values.	Aluminum alloy; Coconut shell ash; Density; Microstructure and hardness values	Aluminum composites; Aluminum matrix; Cast composites; Coconut shells; Hardness values; Microstructural analysis; Particulate composites; X ray diffractometers; Aluminum; Density (specific gravity); Hardness; Microstructure; Shells (structures); Silicon; Aluminum alloys	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80054070291	Impacts of alum residues from Morton Jaffray Water Works on water quality and fish, Harare, Zimbabwe	Muisa N., Hoko Z., Chifamba P.	2011	Physics and Chemistry of the Earth	36	None	10.1016/j.pce.2011.07.047	Department of Civil Engineering, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe	Muisa, N., Department of Civil Engineering, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Hoko, Z., Department of Civil Engineering, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Chifamba, P., Department of Biological Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe	Metal pollution of freshwater due to human activities is a major problem confronting most urban centres in developing countries. This study determined the extent to which aluminium in the residues from Morton Jaffray Water Works in Harare were affecting the water quality of Manyame River and Lake Manyame. The study also measured aluminium bioaccumulation in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) which is of importance to the commercial fisheries industry in Zimbabwe. Depth integrated water, and sediment grab samples and adult fish were collected per site in January and March, 2010. A total of six sites were selected on the Manyame River and in Lake Manyame. The levels of Total Aluminium (Al) were determined in sediments, water and fish tissues (liver, kidney, gill and muscle). Total solids, total dissolved solids, conductivity, pH, dissolved oxygen and temperature were also determined in water and residues. The texture of the sediments was also assessed. Aluminium concentration in water ranged from 2.19. mg/L to 68.93. mg/L during both sampling campaigns surpassing permissible maximum concentration limits of 0.087 to 0.75. mg/L suggested by the Environmental Protection Agency and African Union. The site upstream of the discharge point of the residues always had the lowest levels though it was higher than acceptable levels indicated above, thus suggesting the existence of other sources of aluminium in the catchment besides Morton Jaffray Water Works. However, there was a 10-fold and 100-fold increase in levels of aluminium in water and sediments, respectively, at the site 100. m downstream of the discharge point on the Manyame River. Mean aluminium concentrations in water and sediments at this site averaged 68.93 ± 61.74. mg/L and 38.18 ± 21.54. mg/L in water and 103.79 ± 55.96. mg/L and 131.84 ± 16.48. mg/L in sediments in sampling campaigns 1 and 2, respectively. These levels were significantly higher than levels obtained from all the other sites during both sampling campaigns (ANOVA: p< 0.05). This also indicated that the contribution of aluminium pollution from the water works residues was higher than all the other sources in the catchment. Aluminium levels were generally in the order of; sediments > fish > water. Bioaccumulation occurred in the fish and the order of bioconcentration was; kidney > liver > gill > muscle. The amounts of aluminium in the fish tissues investigated were significantly higher (maximum. = 2.92. mg/g) than was reported in other studies reviewed (maximum. = 0.18. mg/g). Thus, the water treatment plant residues are greatly increasing the concentrations of aluminium in the water system downstream of the plant thus creating a great risk of aluminium toxicity for fish. Treatment of the residues before discharge, substitution of alum with other coagulants, and re-use of the residues in buffer strips, agricultural lands and in sewage works should be considered. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.	Alum residues; Aluminium; Bioaccumulation; Fish; Water purification; Water quality	African unions; Agricultural land; Alum residues; Aluminium concentration; Bioconcentration; Buffer strip; Commercial fisheries; Concentration limits; Fish tissue; Harare , Zimbabwe; Human activities; Metal pollution; Nile tilapia; Oreochromis niloticus; Sampling campaigns; Sewage works; Total dissolved solids; Total solids; Treatment plants; Water purification; Water system; Zimbabwe; Air pollution control; Aluminum; Anoxic sediments; Bioaccumulation; Biochemical oxygen demand; Biochemistry; Catchments; Chemical water treatment; Coagulation; Developing countries; Dissolved oxygen; Environmental Protection Agency; Fish; Histology; Lake pollution; Lakes; Muscle; Pollution; River pollution; Runoff; Sedimentology; Sewage; Sewage treatment; Toxicity; Water quality; Water supply; Water treatment plants; Waterworks; Rivers; aluminum; bioaccumulation; commercial species; dissolved oxygen; fish; fishery; temperature; water pollution; water quality; Harare [Zimbabwe]; Zimbabwe; Oreochromis niloticus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33746559808	Clinical evaluation of post-extraction site wound healing	Adeyemo W.L., Ladeinde A.L., Ogunlewe M.O.	2006	Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice	7	3	None	Medical College of Dental Surgery in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Germany; Department of Oral, Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Lagos/Lagos Universit	Adeyemo, W.L., Medical College of Dental Surgery in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Germany, Department of Oral, Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Ladeinde, A.L., Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Lagos/Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria; Ogunlewe, M.O., Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Lagos/Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery	Aim: The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the clinical pattern of post-extraction wound healing with a view to identify the types, incidence, and pattern of healing complications following non-surgical tooth extraction. Study Design: A total of 311 patients, who were referred for non-surgical (intra-alveolar) extractions, were included in the study. The relevant pre-operative information recorded for each patient included age and gender of the patient, indications for extraction, and tooth/teeth removed. Extractions were performed under local anesthesia with dental forceps, elevators, or both. Patients were evaluated on the third and seventh postoperative days for alveolus healing assessment. Data recorded were: biodata, day of presentation for alveolus healing assessment, day of onset of any symptoms, body temperature (°C) in cases of alveolus infection, and presence or absence of pain. Results: Two hundred eighty-two patients (282) with 318 extraction sites were evaluated for alveolus healing. Healing was uneventful in 283 alveoli (89%), while 35 alveoli (11%) developed healing complications. These complications were: localized osteitis 26 (8.2%); acutely infected alveolus 5 (1.6%); and an acutely inflamed alveolus 4 (1.2%). Females developed more complications than males (p=0.003). Most complications were found in molars (60%) and premolars (37.1%). Localized osteitis caused severe pain in all cases, while infected and inflamed alveolus caused mild or no pain. Thirty patients (12%) among those without healing complications experienced mild pain. Conclusions: Most of the post-extraction alveoli healed uneventfully. Apart from alveolar osteitis (AO), post-extraction alveolus healing was also complicated by acutely infected alveoli and acutely inflamed alveoli. This study also demonstrated a painful alveolus is not necessarily a disturbance of post-extraction site wound healing; a thorough clinical examination must, therefore, be made to exclude any of the complications.	Alveoli; Evaluation; Healing; Post-extraction alveolus	adult; article; body temperature; controlled study; female; human; incidence; infection; major clinical study; male; molar tooth; osteitis; pain assessment; postoperative period; premolar tooth; symptomatology; tooth extraction; wound healing; adolescent; bone infection; chi square distribution; middle aged; physiology; postoperative complication; postoperative pain; prospective study; tooth pain; tooth socket; Adolescent; Adult; Bone Diseases, Infectious; Chi-Square Distribution; Dry Socket; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pain, Postoperative; Postoperative Complications; Prospective Studies; Tooth Extraction; Tooth Socket; Wound Healing	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84927554751	Associations between CAMCOG-R subscale performance and formal education attainment in South African older adults	James K.A., Grace L.K., Thomas K.G.F., Combrinck M.I.	2015	International Psychogeriatrics	27	2	10.1017/S1041610214002233	ACSENT Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Clinical Neurosciences Research Unit, Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa	James, K.A., ACSENT Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Clinical Neurosciences Research Unit, Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Grace, L.K., Clinical Neurosciences Research Unit, Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Thomas, K.G.F., ACSENT Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Combrinck, M.I., Clinical Neurosciences Research Unit, Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa	Background: The Cambridge Cognitive Examination-Revised (CAMCOG-R) is a sensitive screening tool for the early diagnosis of dementia in older adults. Overall performance on the CAMCOG-R is influenced by educational attainment. Few studies have, however, examined the association between educational attainment and performance on the individual CAMCOG subscales. We aimed to address this question in a sample from a low-and middle-income country (LAMIC), where resource constraints may have compromised access to, and quality of, education for many older adults. Methods: Participants, all over 60 years of age, were 51 cognitively healthy community-dwelling volunteers and 47 individuals diagnosed with mild-moderate stage Alzheimer's disease (AD). Most participants had some high school education. They were administered the CAMCOG-R under standardized conditions. Results: Within both the control and AD patient groups, there were significant associations between years of completed education and CAMCOG-R total score, MMSE score, and CAMCOG-R Language subscale score. In both groups, level of education was not associated with scores on these subscales: in controls, recent memory, R 2 =.21, p =.055, learning memory, R 2 =.16, p =.398, attention/calculation, R 2 =.19, p =.467, and perception, R 2 =.18, p =.984; in AD patients, recent memory, R 2 =.14, p =.340, learning memory, R 2 =.03, p =.680, perception, R 2 =.09, p =.723, and attention/calculation, R 2 =.19, p =.097. Conclusions: Some CAMCOG-R subscale scores were more strongly associated with educational attainment than others. Importantly, however, performance on the recent memory and learning memory subscales was not affected by education. These subscales are sensitive indicators of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and early AD. These subscales may therefore remain valid for use as an AD screening tool in resource-poor healthcare settings. Copyright © International Psychogeriatric Association 2014.	Alzheimer's disease; cognitive impairment; education; neuropsychological testing	aged; Alzheimer disease; Article; attention; Cambridge Cognitive Examination Revised; clinical article; cognitive defect; community sample; controlled study; educational status; female; human; learning; male; memory; psychologic test; South African; volunteer	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84860390424	Synthesis, evaluation and application of polycyclic fluorescent analogues as N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor and voltage gated calcium channel ligands	Joubert J., Dyk S.V., Green I.R., Malan S.F.	2011	European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry	46	10	10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.08.008	Pharmaceutical Chemistry, North-West University, Private Bag 6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa	Joubert, J., Pharmaceutical Chemistry, North-West University, Private Bag 6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa, School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; Dyk, S.V., Pharmaceutical Chemistry, North-West University, Private Bag 6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Green, I.R., Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; Malan, S.F., Pharmaceutical Chemistry, North-West University, Private Bag 6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa, School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa	A series of polycyclic fluorescent ligands were synthesised and evaluated in murine striatal synaptoneurosomes for N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) mediated calcium flux inhibition and inhibition of calcium influx through voltage gated calcium channels (VGCC). Amantadine (a) and N-(1-adamantyl)-1,3- propanediamine (c) substituted with 1-cyanoisoindole (3), indazole (5), dinitrobenzene (7, 8), dansyl (9, 10) and coumarin (11) moieties showed moderate to high inhibition of the NMDAR. A high degree of VGCC inhibition was observed for the cyanoisoindole compounds (3, 4) the dansyl compounds (9, 10) and the coumarin compound (12). Fluorophores conjugated to hydroxy-4-aza-8- oxoheptacyclotetradecane (13, 14) did not exhibit any significant VGCC inhibition, but the indazole conjugate (14) showed promising NMDAR activity. Dose response curves were calculated for selected NMDAR inhibitors (8-11) and N-[3-(1-adamantylamino)propyl]-5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonamide (10) exhibited the highest activity of the novel compounds. Compound 10 was further used as a fluorescent NMDAR ligand in a fluorescent competition assay utilizing MK-801, NGP1-01 and amantadine as known NMDAR inhibitors to demonstrate the possible applications of the novel fluorescent compounds. These small molecule fluorescent ligands can be considered as possible pharmacological tools in assay development and/or other investigations in the study of neurodegeneration. © 2011 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.	Amantadine; Calcium channels; Fluorescent ligands; NMDAR; Polycyclic	2 [3 (1 adamantylamino)propyl]isoindole 1 carbonitrile; 3 (1 adamantylamino)propionitrile; 3 [4 aza 8 oxo heptacyclo [0.4.1.0 2,10 .0 3,14 .0 4,9 . 09,13 .0 12,15]tetradecyl] 2 (methylamino)benzoate; 3 [4 Aza 8 oxo heptacyclo[0.4.1.0 2,10 .0 3,14 .0 4,9 . 09,13 .0 12,15]tetradecyl] 1h indazole 3 carboxylate; 3 hydroxy 4 aza 8 oxo heptacyclo[9.4.1.0 2,10 .0 3,14 .0 4,9 .0 12,15]tetradecane; amantadine derivative; dizocilpine; fluorescent dye; n (1 adamantyl) 1,3 propanediamine; n (1 adamantyl) 2 oxo chromene 3 carboxamide; n (1 cyano 2h isoindol 2 yl)adamantan 1 amine; n (2,4 dinitrophenyl)adamantan 1 amine; n (adamantan 1 yl) n' (2,4 dinitrophenyl)propane 1,3 diamiane; n [3 (1 adamantylamino)propyl] 1h indazole 3 carboxamide; n [3 (1 adamantylamino)propyl] 2 methylaminobenzamide; n [3 (1 adamantylamino)propyl] 5 dimethylaminonaphthalene 1 sulfonamide; n adamantan 1 yl 1h indazole 3 carboxamide; n adamantan 1 yl 2 (methylamino) benzamide; n adamantan 1 yl 5 dimethyl amino 1 naphthalenesulfonic acid; n methyl dextro aspartic acid receptor; unclassified drug; voltage gated calcium channel; animal cell; animal experiment; animal tissue; article; binding affinity; binding competition; brain synaptosome; calcium transport; concentration response; controlled study; drug binding site; drug receptor binding; drug screening; drug synthesis; fluorescence analysis; male; nonhuman; rat; receptor affinity; Amantadine; Animals; Calcium Channel Blockers; Calcium Channels; Fluorescent Dyes; Ligands; Male; Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Synaptosomes	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33750220095	Evaluation of soilless production systems for small scale production of two Amaranthus species and Swiss chard, Beta vulgaris	Sedibe M.M., Combrink N.J.J., Reinten E.Y.	2006	South African Journal of Plant and Soil	23	3	None	Dept. of Agronomy, University of Stellenbosch, P/Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; CUT, FS, School of Environmental Health and Agriculture, Private Bag X20539, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; ARC-Roodeplaat (W. Cape), P/Bag X1, Elsenburg 7607, South Africa	Sedibe, M.M., Dept. of Agronomy, University of Stellenbosch, P/Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa, CUT, FS, School of Environmental Health and Agriculture, Private Bag X20539, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Combrink, N.J.J., Dept. of Agronomy, University of Stellenbosch, P/Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Reinten, E.Y., ARC-Roodeplaat (W. Cape), P/Bag X1, Elsenburg 7607, South Africa	To improve the diet of rural families, small scale production of leafy vegetables, as a source of vitamin A and other nutrients should be encouraged. In this study, conducted under controlled environmental conditions (day temperatures in the greenhouse varied between 22 and 29°C with night temperatures between 13 and 16°C), Beta vulgaris (Swiss chard) and Amaranthus spp. (imbuya) were grown, using gravel and pumice as substrates for 'Ebb-and-Flood' and 'constant level' production systems. The results of this study showed that a combination of an 'Ebb-and-Flood' system with gravel as substrate, gave the best results of root development and leaf yield, especially for 'imbuya'. The water-use-efficiency (WUE) of 'imbuya' was significantly higher than that of Swiss chard. The yield and leaf chlorophyll content of 'imbuya' was low for the 'constant level' system with gravel used as substrate. Pumice improved root production, leaf yield and leaf chlorophyll content only for the 'constant level' system, probably owing to capillary action in pumice and associated improved root aeration.	Amaranthus; Beta vulgaris; Fertigation; Gravel; Pumice	chlorophyll; crop production; diet; environmental conditions; gravel; production system; pumice; rural area; substrate preference; vegetable; Amaranthus; Beta vulgaris; Beta vulgaris cicla; Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-45349092809	Tropical vegetable (Amaranthus cruentus) leaf meal as alternative protein supplement in broiler starter diets: Bionutritional evaluation	Fasuyi A.O., Dairo F.A.S., Adeniji A.O.	2008	Journal of Central European Agriculture	9	1	None	Department of Animal Production and Health Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria	Fasuyi, A.O., Department of Animal Production and Health Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria; Dairo, F.A.S., Department of Animal Production and Health Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria; Adeniji, A.O., Department of Animal Production and Health Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria	Amaranthus cruentus is a tropical leaf vegetable grown in most tropical regions of the world for its vegetable protein. The fresh matured leaves of the plant were harvested and sun dried until a moisture content of between 12-13% was obtained. The sun dried leaves (Amaranthus cruentus leaf meal, ACLM) were milled and analysed for their proximate composition. Crude protein was 23.0%±0.55; crude fat, 5.4%±0.01; crude fibre, 8.8%±0.02; ash, 19.3%±0.01 and gross energy, 3.3±0.01kcal/g all on dry matter basis. Methionine and to a lesser extent, lysine, arginine, leucine and aspartate were high. The ACLM was incorporated into five formulated broiler starter diets at varying inclusion levels. The control diet 1 had no ACLM inclusion. All the six diets including control diet 1 were formulated isocaloric and isonitrogenous and fed to the experimental chicks (n = 540). Birds kept on diet 2 (5% ACLM inclusion level) had the best average weight gain (WG) of 372.9±29.94g/chick. The feed efficiency (FE) value and the protein efficiency ratio (PER) for birds on diet 2 were similar (P > 0.05) to values obtained for the reference diet. The nitrogen retention (NR) and apparent nitrogen digestibility (AND) values obtained for diet 2 were highest at 1.48±0.24gN/chick/day and 63.12%±10.28, respectively. Except for dressed weight and the back of chicken all the organs weights taken were similar (P > 0.05). Haematological examinations were similar (P > 0.05). Results generally indicated that ACLM could be a useful dietary protein source for broiler starter chicks at 5% inclusion level.	Amaranthus cruentus leaf meal; Antinutrients; Broiler chicken; Nitrogen utilization	Amaranthus; Amaranthus cruentus; Aves	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-38049000848	Protein supplementary quality of tropical vegetable (Amaranthus cruentus) leaf meal in broiler starter diets: Bionutritional evaluation	Fasuyi A.O., Dairo F.A.S., Adeniji A.O.	2007	International Journal of Agricultural Research	2	12	None	Department of Animal Production and Health Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Ado-Ekiti, P.M.B. 5363, Ekiti State, Nigeria	Fasuyi, A.O., Department of Animal Production and Health Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Ado-Ekiti, P.M.B. 5363, Ekiti State, Nigeria; Dairo, F.A.S., Department of Animal Production and Health Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Ado-Ekiti, P.M.B. 5363, Ekiti State, Nigeria; Adeniji, A.O., Department of Animal Production and Health Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Ado-Ekiti, P.M.B. 5363, Ekiti State, Nigeria	The fresh matured leaves of the Amaranthus cruentus plants were harvested and sun dried until a moisture content of between 12-13% was obtained. The sun dried leaves (Amaranthus cruentus leaf meal, ACLM) were milled and analysed for their proximate composition. Crude protein was 23.0±0.55; crude fat, 5.4±0.01; crude fibre, 8.8%±0.02; ash, 19.3%±0.01 and gross energy, 3.3±0.01 kcal g -1; metabolisable energy, 2.8±0.21 kcal g -1 all on dry matter basis. Methionine and to a lesser extent, lysine, arginine, leucine and aspartate were high. The ACLM was incorporated into five formulated broiler starter diets at varying inclusion levels. The control diet 1 had no ACLM inclusion. All the six diets including control diet 1 were formulated isocaloric and isonitrogenous and fed to the experimental chicks (n = 540). Birds kept on diet 2 (5% ACLM inclusion level) had the best average Weight Gain (WG) of 372.9±29.94 g chick -1 but this was statistically similar to values obtained for birds on diets 1, 3 and 4. The Feed Efficiency (FE) value and the Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER) for birds on diet 2 were similar (p&gt;0.05) to values obtained for the reference diet. The Nitrogen Retention (NR) and Apparent Nitrogen Digestibility (AND) values obtained for diet 2 were highest at 1.48±0.24 gN chick -1 day -1 and 63.12%±10.28, respectively. Except for dressed weight and the back of chicken all the organs weights taken were similar (p&gt;0.05). Haematological results were similar (p&gt;0.05). Results generally indicated that ACLM could be a useful dietary protein source for broiler starter chicks at 5% inclusion level. © 2007 Academic Journals Inc.	Amaranthus cruentus leaf meal; Antinutrients; Nitrogen utilization	Amaranthus; Amaranthus cruentus; Aves	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84886832354	Isolation of cycloeucalenol from boophone disticha and evaluation of its cytotoxicity	Adewusi E.A., Steenkamp P., Fouche G., Steenkamp V.	2013	Natural Product Communications	8	9	None	Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Arcadia 0007, South Africa; Natural Product Chemistry Group, Biosciences, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, PO Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa	Adewusi, E.A., Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Arcadia 0007, South Africa; Steenkamp, P., Natural Product Chemistry Group, Biosciences, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, PO Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa; Fouche, G., Natural Product Chemistry Group, Biosciences, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, PO Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Steenkamp, V., Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Arcadia 0007, South Africa	Boophone disticha (Amaryllidaceae) is widely used in traditional medicine in southern Africa. Several alkaloids, volatile oils and fatty acids have been isolated from the plant. However, there has been no literature report of a triterpene from B. disticha. Cycloeucalenol, a cycloartane triterpene, together with its regioisomer, was isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the bulbs using column chromatography and preparative thin layer chromatography. Structural elucidation was carried out using 1D and 2D NMR and mass spectroscopy. The MTT and neutral red assays were used to assess the cytotoxicity of the compound in human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells. The compound was obtained as a mixture of two regio-isomers, which were separated for the first time by chromatographic optimization. Integration of the 1H NMR spectrum showed that cycloeucalenol and its regio-isomer were present in a ratio of 1.04:1. A dose-dependent decrease in cell viability was observed using both cytotoxicity assays. IC50 values of 173.0 ± 5.1 μM and 223.0 ± 6.4 μM were obtained for the MTT and neutral red assays, respectively, indicative of the low toxicity of the compound. This work describes for the first time, the presence of triterpene compounds from the genus Boophone.	Amaryllidaceae; Boophone disticha; Cycloeucalenol; Cytotoxicity; Regio-isomer; SH-SY5Y cells	cycloeucalenol; Amaryllidaceae; article; Boophone disticha; cell viability; column chromatography; concentration (parameters); controlled study; cytotoxicity assay; drug cytotoxicity; drug isolation; drug structure; human; human cell; isomer; mass spectrometry; proton nuclear magnetic resonance	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79956363929	Impacts of vehicle emissions and ambient atmospheric deposition in Nigeria on the Pb, Cd, and Ni content of fermented cassava flour processed by sun-drying	Ugwu J.N., Okoye C.O.B., Ibeto C.N.	2011	Human and Ecological Risk Assessment	17	2	10.1080/10807039.2011.552400	Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; National Center for Energy Research and Development, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Ugwu, J.N., Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Okoye, C.O.B., Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Ibeto, C.N., National Center for Energy Research and Development, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	A study of air pollution in Nigeria due to Pb, Cd, and Ni contamination of fermented cassava meant for flour production was carried out by AAS. Fermented cassava samples were purchased from farmers in the study area and one-third of each was oven-dried (OD) while the rest were sun-dried either along roadside (RS-SD) or under ambient atmosphere conditions (AA-SD). Mean concentrations (μg/g) for OD samples in year 2008 were: Pb (0.17 ± 0.04); Cd (0.04 ± 0.01); and Ni (0.27 ± 0.05) while RS-SD samples gave Pb (0.24 ± 0.08), Cd (0.04 ± 0.01), and Ni (0.48 ± 0.17). Mean values (μg/g) in 2009 for OD, AA-SD, and RS-SD, respectively, were Pb (0.03 ± 0.01, 0.05 ± 0.02, 0.15 ± 0.08), Cd (0.18 ± 0.01, 0.04 ± 0.02, 0.05 ± 0.02), and Ni (0.09 ± 0.06, 0.21 ± 0.10, 0.57 ± 0.12). Mean concentrations in sun-dried samples were greater (p <.01), while RS-SD samples were 185% in Pb, 53% in Cd, and 176% in Ni greater (p <.01) than AA-SD samples. With an estimated countrywide annual Pb emissions from petrol and diesel ranging from 616,241 to 968,086 kg, and dust, considered the major source of Cd and Ni, and other extraneous factors including metals adsorbed on pavement surfaces, sun-drying of wet foodstuff on the bare surface of roadside pavements could lead to high levels of Pb, Cd, and Ni in such food compared to drying under factory conditions or oven-drying. © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.	Ambient atmospheric deposition; Cadmium; Cassava flour; Highway emissions; Lead; Nickel	Manihot esculenta	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84857955366	Evaluation of the biological shields of the secondary standard dosimetry laboratory of Ghana using MCNP5	Deatanyah P., Emi-Reynolds G., Amoako J.K., Arwui C.C., Wotorchi-Gordon S., Lawluvi H., Kpeglo D.O., Annkah J.	2012	Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology	4	6	None	Regulatory Control Division, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, P.O. Box LG80, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Universities of Ghana, Graduate School of Nuclear and Allied Sciences, Atomic, Accra, Ghana	Deatanyah, P., Regulatory Control Division, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, P.O. Box LG80, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Emi-Reynolds, G., Universities of Ghana, Graduate School of Nuclear and Allied Sciences, Atomic, Accra, Ghana; Amoako, J.K., Regulatory Control Division, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, P.O. Box LG80, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Arwui, C.C., Regulatory Control Division, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, P.O. Box LG80, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Wotorchi-Gordon, S., Regulatory Control Division, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, P.O. Box LG80, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Lawluvi, H., Regulatory Control Division, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, P.O. Box LG80, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Kpeglo, D.O., Regulatory Control Division, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, P.O. Box LG80, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Annkah, J., Regulatory Control Division, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, P.O. Box LG80, Legon, Accra, Ghana	The primary objective with radiation sources and facilities is the protection of both radiation workers and the general public. The biological shields of the Secondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratory of the Radiation Protection Institute (RPI) Ghana had been evaluated for a collimated isotropic cesium-137 source for calibration purpose using MCNP5 code. The dose rate at supervised areas ranged from 0.57 to 8.35 μSv/h and 0.26 to 10.22 μSv/h at control areas when the source was panoramic. When the source was collimated, the dose rate ranged from 0.05 to 0.30 μSv/h at supervised areas and 0.23 to 8.88 μSv/h at control areas for 22.2 GBq of the cesium-137 source. The scatter contribution from the surfaces of the walls and roofs were also accounted for. The scatter radiation in the room decreased to 400 μSv/h when the source was first collimated and to 3.5 μSv/h when the source was further collimated. These results agreed quite well with experimental measurement. To effectively protect the staff, a narrow beam of 1.2 cm diameter which was defined at 1.0 m by the total surface of the ISO slab phantom was recommended to reduce the dose rate to less than 1.5 μSv/h outside the calibration bunker even when the current activity is doubled. It was concluded that the 4.7 cm diameter of the existing narrow beam should be decreased to 1.2 cm by further collimation of the beam. © Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2012.	Ambient dose equivalent; Biological shielding; MCNP5; Modeling; SSDL	Ambient dose equivalent; Biological shield; Cesium 137; Control area; Dose rate; Experimental measurements; General publics; MCNP5; MCNP5 codes; Narrow beams; Primary objective; Radiation source; Radiation workers; Scatter radiation; Secondary standard; SSDL; Supervised areas; Calibration; Cesium; Models; Radiation protection; Radiation shielding; Dosimetry	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-55949127472	Performance evaluation of a hot-box reflector solar cooker using a microcontroller-based measurement system	Mukaro R., Tinarwo D.	2008	International Journal of Energy Research	32	14	10.1002/er.1441	School of Physics, Faculty of Agriculture and Science, University of KwaZulu Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa; Physics Department, Bindura University of Science, Private Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe; Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, ICTP, Italy; University of Kassel (ISET e.V), Witzenhausen, Germany	Mukaro, R., School of Physics, Faculty of Agriculture and Science, University of KwaZulu Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa, Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, ICTP, Italy; Tinarwo, D., Physics Department, Bindura University of Science, Private Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe, University of Kassel (ISET e.V), Witzenhausen, Germany	The performance of a low-cost compound box-reflector solar cooker designed and constructed by the department of Mechanical Engineering, at the University of Zimbabwe, was investigated and evaluated using a microcontroller-based measurement system over a period of 3 months. Solar radiation and temperature measurements are sent directly to the computer for monitoring and subsequent analysis using a spreadsheet program. The system is connected to the computer through the RS232 port. Temperature was measured by LM335 temperature sensors, whereas solar radiation was measured by a Kipp & Zonen CM3 thermopile-based pyranometer that was initially calibrated against the Eppley Precision Spectral Pyranometer. Peak temperatures of about 90°C for the food can be attained in about 5 h on a clear day in Bindura, Zimbabwe (18°S, 31°E). A standardized cooking power of 11W and an overall efficiency of 15% were found for this cooker. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Ambient temperature; Efficiency; Microcontroller; Performance evaluation; Pyranometer; Solar cooker; Solar radiation; Standardized cooking power	Ambient temperature; Microcontroller; Performance evaluation; Pyranometer; Solar cooker; Standardized cooking power; Electric batteries; Electromagnetic waves; Microcontrollers; Reflection; Solar equipment; Solar radiation; Sun; Temperature; Temperature measurement; Solar energy	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879405000	Evaluation of sequence ambiguities of the HIV-1 pol gene as a method to identify recent HIV-1 infection in transmitted drug resistance surveys	Andersson E., Shao W., Bontell I., Cham F., Cuong D.D., Wondwossen A., Morris L., Hunt G., Sönnerborg A., Bertagnolio S., Maldarelli F., Jordan M.R.	2013	Infection, Genetics and Evolution	18	None	10.1016/j.meegid.2013.03.050	Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Huddinge, Sweden; Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, SAIC-Frederick Inc, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, United States; Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Huddinge, Sweden; World Health Organization, Harare, Zimbabwe; Department of Infectious Diseases, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam, Viet Nam; Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Center for HIV and STI, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa; World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States	Andersson, E., Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Huddinge, Sweden; Shao, W., Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, SAIC-Frederick Inc, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, United States; Bontell, I., Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Huddinge, Sweden; Cham, F., World Health Organization, Harare, Zimbabwe; Cuong, D.D., Department of Infectious Diseases, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam, Viet Nam; Wondwossen, A., Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Morris, L., Center for HIV and STI, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa; Hunt, G., Center for HIV and STI, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa; Sönnerborg, A., Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Huddinge, Sweden, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Huddinge, Sweden; Bertagnolio, S., World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; Maldarelli, F., National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States; Jordan, M.R., Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States	Identification of recent HIV infection within populations is a public health priority for accurate estimation of HIV incidence rates and transmitted drug resistance at population level. Determining HIV incidence rates by prospective follow-up of HIV-uninfected individuals is challenging and serological assays have important limitations. HIV diversity within an infected host increases with duration of infection. We explore a simple bioinformatics approach to assess viral diversity by determining the percentage of ambiguous base calls in sequences derived from standard genotyping of HIV-1 protease and reverse transcriptase. Sequences from 691 recently infected (≤1. year) and chronically infected (>1. year) individuals from Sweden, Vietnam and Ethiopia were analyzed for ambiguity. A significant difference (. p<. 0.0001) in the proportion of ambiguous bases was observed between sequences from individuals with recent and chronic infection in both HIV-1 subtype B and non-B infection, consistent with previous studies. In our analysis, a cutoff of <0.47% ambiguous base calls identified recent infection with a sensitivity and specificity of 88.8% and 74.6% respectively. 1,728 protease and reverse transcriptase sequences from 36 surveys of transmitted HIV drug resistance performed following World Health Organization guidance were analyzed for ambiguity. The 0.47% ambiguity cutoff was applied and survey sequences were classified as likely derived from recently or chronically infected individuals. 71% of patients were classified as likely to have been infected within one year of genotyping but results varied considerably amongst surveys. This bioinformatics approach may provide supporting population-level information to identify recent infection but its application is limited by infection with more than one viral variant, decreasing viral diversity in advanced disease and technical aspects of population based sequencing. Standardization of sequencing techniques and base calling and the addition of other parameters such as CD4 cell count may address some of the technical limitations and increase the usefulness of the approach. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.	Ambiguity; Bioinformatics; HIV; Incidence; Resistance; Viral diversity	Human immunodeficiency virus proteinase; Pol protein; RNA directed DNA polymerase; ambiguity; article; bioinformatics; controlled study; disease duration; Ethiopia; feasibility study; female; follow up; gene sequence; genotype; human; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection; incidence; major clinical study; male; practice guideline; priority journal; prospective study; sensitivity and specificity; species diversity; structural gene; Sweden; Viet Nam; virus identification; virus transmission; world health organization; Ambiguity; Bioinformatics; HIV; Incidence; Resistance; Viral diversity; Chronic Disease; Databases, Genetic; Drug Resistance, Viral; Female; Genes, pol; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Male; Sequence Alignment; Sequence Analysis, RNA; Human immunodeficiency virus 1	K23 AIO74423-05, NIH, National Institutes of Health
Scopus	2-s2.0-33745087239	The impact of 2 dipping systems on endemic stability to bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis in cattle in 4 communally grazed areas in Limpopo province, South Africa	Rikhotso B.O., Stoltsz W.H., Bryson N.R., Sommerville J.E.M.	2005	Journal of the South African Veterinary Association	76	4	None	Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa; Department of Veterinary Services, Limpopo Provincial Government, Private Bag X1321, Thulamahashe 1365, South Africa; Department of Statistics, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	Rikhotso, B.O., Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa, Department of Veterinary Services, Limpopo Provincial Government, Private Bag X1321, Thulamahashe 1365, South Africa; Stoltsz, W.H., Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa; Bryson, N.R., Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa; Sommerville, J.E.M., Department of Statistics, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	A 12-month study was conducted in 4 communal grazing areas in the Bushbuckridge region, Limpopo Province, South Africa. The main objective was to investigate the impact of reduced acaricide application on endemic stability to bovine babesiosis (Babesia bigemina and Babesin bovis) and anaplasmosis (Anaplasma marginale) in the local cattle population. To this end 60 cattle in each communal grazing area were bled at the beginning and the conclusion of the experimental period and their sera were assayed for B. bovis, B. bigemina and Anaplasma antibodies. Cattle in the intensively dipped group were dipped 26 times and maintained on a 14-day dipping interval throughout the study, whereas cattle in the strategically dipped group were dipped only 13 times. Three cattle, from which adult ticks were collected, were selected from each village, while immature ticks were collected by drag-sampling the surrounding vegetation. During the dipping process, a questionnaire aimed at assessing the prevalence of clinical cases of tick-borne disease, abscesses and mortalities was completed by an Animal Health Technician at each diptank. An increase in seroprevalence to B. bovis and B. bigemina and a decrease in seroprevalence to Anaplasma was detected in the strategically dipped group while in the intensively dipped group the converse was true. Amblyomma hebraeum was the most numerous tick species on the cattle, and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus was more plentiful than Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus. Drag samples yielded more immature stages of A. hebraeum than of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) spp. The incidence of clinical cases of tick-borne disease and of abscesses increased in the strategically dipped group at the start of the survey.	Amblyomma hebraeum; Anaplasma marginale; Babesia bigemina; Babesia bovis; Catte; Communal grazing; Endemic stability; Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus; Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus; Strategic dipping	acaricide; protozoon antibody; bacterium antibody; insecticide; abscess; Anaplasma marginale; anaplasmosis; article; Babesia; babesia bigemina; Babesia bovis; babesiosis; blood sampling; cattle; cattle disease; cattle farming; controlled study; disease surveillance; endemic disease; female; grazing; infection control; male; mortality; nonhuman; parasite development; questionnaire; Rhipicephalus; seroprevalence; South Africa; tick; tick borne disease; vegetation; animal; animal disease; blood; drug effect; epidemiology; growth, development and aging; microbiology; parasitology; season; treatment outcome; Acari; Amblyomma hebraeum; Anaplasma; Anaplasma marginale; Animalia; Babesia bigemina; Babesia bovis; Boophilus; Boophilus bigemina; Boophilus bovis; Bos taurus; Ixodida; Rhipicephalus; Anaplasma marginale; Anaplasmosis; Animals; Antibodies, Bacterial; Antibodies, Protozoan; Babesia; Babesia bovis; Babesiosis; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Female; Insecticides; Male; Seasons; Seroepidemiologic Studies; South Africa; Tick-Borne Diseases; Ticks; Treatment Outcome	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77951241038	Performance of a Metarhizium anisopliae-treated semiochemical-baited trap in reducing Amblyomma variegatum populations in the field	Nchu F., Maniania N.K., Hassanali A., Eloff J.N.	2010	Veterinary Parasitology	169	42433	10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.01.020	Icipe-African Insect Sciences for Food and Health, P.O. Box 30772, 00100 GPO Nairobi, Kenya; Programme for Phytomedicine, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa	Nchu, F., Icipe-African Insect Sciences for Food and Health, P.O. Box 30772, 00100 GPO Nairobi, Kenya, Programme for Phytomedicine, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa; Maniania, N.K., Icipe-African Insect Sciences for Food and Health, P.O. Box 30772, 00100 GPO Nairobi, Kenya; Hassanali, A., Icipe-African Insect Sciences for Food and Health, P.O. Box 30772, 00100 GPO Nairobi, Kenya; Eloff, J.N., Programme for Phytomedicine, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa	Experiments were carried out to evaluate the efficacy of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorok. (Ascomycota: Hypocreales)-treated semiochemical-baited traps for control of Amblyomma variegatum Fabriscius (Acari: Ixodidae) under field conditions. Unfed A. variegatum adults (118) were seeded in each 100-m plot and allowed to acclimatise for 3 days. On the fourth day (Day 4), an emulsifiable formulation of M. anisopliae (consisting of 49.5% sterile distilled water, fungal conidia, 49.5% corn oil and 1% Tween 80) titrated at 109conidiaml-1 was applied in semiochemical-baited traps (900cm2) which were placed at five spots within the plot. The control and fungal treatments were repeated after 14 and 28 days soon after rotating the traps clockwise (45°) in order to cover different sections of the plot. In the control plots, emulsifiable formulation without fungus was applied in the semiochemical-baited traps. Six weeks after the initiation of the experiments, five semiochemical-baited traps (untreated) were deployed in each plot for 3 successive days to trap ticks in the treated and control plots. The percentage of ticks recovered in the fungus-treated plots were significantly lower (31.1±5.2%) than in the control plots (85.6±3%) (P&lt;0.001), which represented a relative tick reduction of 63.7%. Mortality of 93.8±2.3% was observed among the ticks that were recovered from the field and maintained in the laboratory for 2 weeks; while only 3.3±0.9% died from the control plots. The results of this study open up the possibility of developing an environmentally friendly and low cost application strategy to control Amblyomma ticks. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.	Amblyomma variegatum; Autoinnoculation strategy; Entomopathogenic fungi; Metarhizium anisopliae; Semiochemical-baited trap; Tick control; Vegetation	hormones and hormone analogs; kairomone; pheromone; unclassified drug; Amblyomma; amblyomma variegatum; animal experiment; animal trapping; article; conidium; controlled study; entomopathogenic fungus; female; field experiment; human; insect control; insecticidal activity; Metarhizium anisopliae; nonhuman; plant parasitic plant disease; tick infestation; treatment duration; vegetation; Animals; Antibiosis; Ixodidae; Metarhizium; Pest Control, Biological; Pheromones; Tick Control; Tick Infestations; Acari; Amblyomma; Amblyomma variegatum; Ascomycota; Fungi; Hypocreales; Ixodida; Ixodidae; Metarhizium anisopliae; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-44249121715	Diurnal blood pressure variation in the evaluation of early onset severe pre-eclampsia	Steyn D.W., Odendaal H.J., Hall D.R.	2008	European Journal of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Biology	138	2	10.1016/j.ejogrb.2007.08.010	Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tygerberg Hospital, the University of Stellenbosch, P.O. Box 19063, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa	Steyn, D.W., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tygerberg Hospital, the University of Stellenbosch, P.O. Box 19063, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa; Odendaal, H.J., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tygerberg Hospital, the University of Stellenbosch, P.O. Box 19063, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa; Hall, D.R., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tygerberg Hospital, the University of Stellenbosch, P.O. Box 19063, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa	Objective: : To study the association between diurnal variation in blood pressure, the mean daily blood pressure and various complications of pregnancy in patients presenting with severe pre-eclampsia before 34 weeks' gestation. Study design: : Forty-four women presenting to a tertiary hospital in South Africa with severe pre-eclampsia between 28 and 34 weeks' gestation were managed expectantly for at least 8 days. We measured maternal blood pressure every 30 min with the pregnancy validated Spacelabs 90209 automated blood pressure monitor for 24 h periods on alternative days. The mean 24-h diastolic blood pressure measurement, the mean diastolic blood pressure for daytime and nighttime, the day-night blood pressure difference and the night-day ratio were compared with the occurrence of abruptio placentae, gestational age at delivery, neonatal intensive care unit admission, birth weight, abnormal umbilical artery Doppler FVW and reason for delivery. Results: : One hundred and seventy-six 24-h studies were analyzed. The day-night blood pressure difference decreased with increasing mean diastolic blood pressure (r = -0.323, p < 0.0001). A combination of normal mean diastolic blood pressure and normal day-night blood pressure difference was associated with increased gestational age and lower caesarean section rates. Conclusion: : The combination of mean diastolic blood pressure and day-night blood pressure difference may be a supplementary measurement of disease severity in early onset severe pre-eclampsia and seems to be of prognostic value. © 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring; Diurnal blood pressure variation; Early onset; Pre-eclampsia	methyldopa; nifedipine; prazosin; adult; article; birth weight; blood pressure measurement; blood pressure variability; cesarean section; circadian rhythm; clinical article; diagnostic value; diastolic blood pressure; disease course; disease severity; Doppler flowmeter; Doppler flowmetry; early diagnosis; female; fetus monitoring; gestation period; gestational age; human; informed consent; maternal age; maternal hypertension; newborn intensive care; parity; patient monitoring; preeclampsia; pregnancy complication; pregnant woman; priority journal; prognosis; solutio placentae; South Africa; tertiary health care; Adult; Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; Circadian Rhythm; Female; Humans; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79952256845	Proximate composition of aframomum melegueta seeds, garcinia kola seeds and growth performance of broiler chicks treated with powders from these seeds	Ibekwe H.A., Orok E.E.	2010	International Journal of Poultry Science	9	12	10.3923/ijps.2010.1152.1155	Department of Animal Science, Cross River University of Technology, Cross River State, Obubra Campus, Nigeria	Ibekwe, H.A., Department of Animal Science, Cross River University of Technology, Cross River State, Obubra Campus, Nigeria; Orok, E.E., Department of Animal Science, Cross River University of Technology, Cross River State, Obubra Campus, Nigeria	This study was designed to evaluate the nutritive value of powdered seeds of two important medicinal plants in West Africa. The proximate analysis of these two set of seeds were carried out prior to bird's treatment so as to throw more light on their nutritional potential. A total of 18 broiler chicks of Anak2000 strain were used in this study. Treatment one (control) received 0% inclusion of these seeds whereas treatment two and three received 10% Aframomum melegueta and Garcinia kola seeds respectively. The treatment was terminated after 5 weeks and live body mass of birds taken. The result obtained showed a non-significant (p>0.05) reduction in the body mass of broiler chicks reflecting their poor proximate composition. This finding may be an indication that these seeds should not be used as non-conventional feed source for poultry production. It however lends credence to their medicinal uses without compromising the body mass of birds. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2010.	A. melegueta; Broilers; G. kola; Growth performance; Proximate composition	Aframomum melegueta; Aves; Garcinia kola	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84873345244	Modeling the impact of rehabilitation, amelioration and relapse on the prevalence of drug epidemics	Njagarah H.J.B., Nyabadza F.	2013	Journal of Biological Systems	21	1	10.1142/S0218339013500010	Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa	Njagarah, H.J.B., Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Nyabadza, F., Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa	Substance abuse remains a global menace in spite of recurrent warnings, seizures, social and pharmacological effects associated with addiction to drugs. In this paper, we use a mathematical model which is a combination of the classical SIS and SIR models to investigate the dynamics of substance abuse. Initiation into drug use is based on contact of those at risk (the susceptible population) with drug users at different levels of drug use. We evaluate the threshold number and use it to analyze the model. We show that when this threshold number is less than unity, the drug-free steady state is globally asymptotically stable and when this threshold number is greater than unity the drug-persistent steady state is also globally stable. The impact of amelioration, rehabilitation and re-initiation on drug epidemics is investigated. Amelioration in presence of quitting for light users is observed to reduce the prevalence of substance abuse and this is supported by numerical simulations. The results show that both prevention and treatment/rehabilitation are necessary strategies for reduction of drug epidemics. Our recommendation is that preventive strategies should be directed toward reducing the contact rate and treatment should be combined with psychotherapy to accelerate quitting and reduce re-initiation. © 2013 World Scientific Publishing Company.	Amelioration; Global Stability; Persistence; Reproduction Number; Sensitivity Analysis; Simulations; Substance Abuse	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34249782834	Evaluation of subchronic chlorpyrifos poisoning on hematological and serum biochemical changes in mice and protective effect of vitamin C	Ambali S., Akanbi D., Igbokwe N., Shittu M., Kawu M., Ayo J.	2007	Journal of Toxicological Sciences	32	2	10.2131/jts.32.111	Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria	Ambali, S., Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria; Akanbi, D., Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria; Igbokwe, N., Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria; Shittu, M., Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria; Kawu, M., Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria; Ayo, J., Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria	Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is one of the most widely used organophosphorous insecticides in agriculture with its attendant adverse health outcomes. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of subchronic oral CPF administration on hematological and serum biochemical indices, and the possible ameliorating effect of vitamin C on the indices in mice. Thirty mice divided into 3 groups of 10 mice each were used for this study. Mice in group I (control) were dosed with vegetable oil, while those in group II were given CPF (21.3 mg/kg∼ 1/5th LD50) only. Mice in group III were pretreated with vitamin C (100 mg/kg) prior to dosing with CPF 30 min later (Vitamin C + CPF-treated group). This regime was given to each group of mice three times a week for a period of ten weeks. During the study period, mice were examined for signs of toxicity, and weight of each mouse was measured every week. At the end of the study period, blood samples were collected from the mice and analyzed for packed cell volume (PCV), total red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC) and total protein (TP). Serum obtained from the blood was analyzed for Na +, K+ and Cl?, urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The results showed that mice in the vitamin C + CPF-treated group exhibited milder signs of toxicity and significant increase in weight gain (p&lt;0.01) compared to the CPF-treated group. No significant increase in weight in the CPF-treated group was observed compared to the control. There was a significant increase in PCV, RBC, Hb, TP and creatinine, but a significant decrease was obtained in WBC, ALT and AST in the CPF-treated group compared to the control. All the parameters with the exception of WBC, ALT and AST (which increased significantly), were significantly decreased in the vitamin C + CPF-treated group compared to CPF-treated group. ALP was significantly elevated in the CPF-treated group compared to both the control and vitamin C + CPF-treated group. No significant changes in urea and the measured electrolytes in all three groups, except a significant decrease in the concentration of Na+ was observed in the CPF-treated group compared to the control. The study demonstrated that pretreatment of CPF-administered mice with vitamin C significantly altered some important hematological and serum biochemical parameters, revealing the protective action of the vitamin against some organ damage induced by CPF.	Ameliorative effect; Biochemical profiles; Chlorpyrifos; Hematology; Mice; Vitamin C	alanine aminotransferase; alkaline phosphatase; ascorbic acid; aspartate aminotransferase; chloride ion; chlorpyrifos; creatinine; medvit c; organophosphate insecticide; potassium ion; protein; sodium ion; unclassified drug; urea; vegetable oil; animal experiment; animal model; article; biochemistry; blood sampling; blood toxicity; controlled study; drug effect; erythrocyte; female; hematocrit; intoxication; leukocyte count; leukopenia; male; mouse; mouse strain; neutropenia; nonhuman; statistical significance; weight gain; Animals; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Blood Proteins; Body Weight; Chemistry, Clinical; Chlorpyrifos; Drug Antagonism; Erythrocyte Indices; Female; Hematologic Tests; Insecticides; Leukocytes; Male; Mice; Poisoning; Mus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77958473419	Evaluation of Tithonia diversifolia for soil improvement in celosia (Celosia argentea) production	Shokalu A.O., Ojo A.O., E-Adewoyin D.T., Azeez J.A.	2010	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	9	5	None	National Horticultural Research Institute, P.M.B. 5432, Idi-Ishin, Ibadan, Nigeria; Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Ibadan, Nigeria; University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Shokalu, A.O., National Horticultural Research Institute, P.M.B. 5432, Idi-Ishin, Ibadan, Nigeria; Ojo, A.O., Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Ibadan, Nigeria; E-Adewoyin, D.T., Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Ibadan, Nigeria; Azeez, J.A., University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Field experiments were conducted between June and September in the 2007 and 2008 cropping seasons at the teaching and experimental field of the National Horticultural Research Institute (7°25″N and 3°52″E), Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. To evaluate the growth and yield of Celosia argentea L. using different rates of Tithonia diversifolia and also to evaluate the effect of the amendments on soil chemical properties. The experimental design was a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates with plot size of 4m 2. Tithonia diversifolia was chopped, (fresh leaves and young stem) applied at 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 and 20 tons ha -1 on fresh weight basis. These were incorporated into the soil two weeks before planting. Results indicated that soil P, Ca, CEC, K and soil organic matter content were significantly (P &lt; 0.05) improved by the addition of Tithonia. There were significant treatment effect on soil pH, N, P, K, Mg and Zn (P &lt; 0.05) which were improved with the use of Tithonia. Growth parameters: number of leaves, plant height and stem girth increased significantly (P&lt; 0.05) with the application of Tithonia diversifolia.	Amendment; Celosia argentea; Tithonia diversifolia	Celosia; Celosia argentea; Tithonia diversifolia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79951795860	Evaluation and decontamination of crude Oil-Polluted Soils using centrosema pubescen benth and Amendment-support Options	Nwaichi E.O., Osuji L.C., Onyeike E.N.	2011	International Journal of Phytoremediation	13	4	10.1080/15226514.2010.495144	Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B 5323, Rivers State, Nigeria	Nwaichi, E.O., Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B 5323, Rivers State, Nigeria; Osuji, L.C., Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B 5323, Rivers State, Nigeria; Onyeike, E.N., Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B 5323, Rivers State, Nigeria	Growth performance and phytoremediation of soil of the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria artificially-contaminated with crude oil (up to 100 mL/2 kgsoil) using centrosema pubescen Benth was investigated for 12 weeks. The soil samples in which the plants were established were either un-amended, or amended with NPK, or UREA or chicken manure. The extents of removal of PAHs and BTEX were measured as well as the rates of growth of the plants. Gas Chromatographic analysis confirmed the degradation of carcinogenic hydrocarbons like BTEXs and PAHs with this technique. At the highest dose of crude, the contaminant concentrations were 43mg/kg PAHs, 10mg/kg BTEX, and 5,613mg/kg O&G. The greatest percent removal of BTEX was observed at the highest contaminant dose, and with the manure amendment. Similar trends were observed with PAHs and although they were less marked, the trends with PAHs may have been more highly statistically significant. There was no measurable plant uptake of contaminants. Inhibition of plant growth (measured as leaf area, shoot length and production of dry weight) was proportional to the dose of crude oil, but the manure amendment was very effective at reducing the growth inhibition. Interestingly, manure amendment reduced the phytotoxicity significantly in this study. © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.	Amendments; Growthperformance; Hydrocarbons; Phytoremediation; Phytotoxicity	aromatic hydrocarbon; petroleum; urea; animal; article; bioremediation; drug effect; growth, development and aging; legume; manure; metabolism; Nigeria; plant leaf; soil; soil pollutant; time; Animals; Biodegradation, Environmental; Fabaceae; Hydrocarbons, Aromatic; Manure; Nigeria; Petroleum; Plant Leaves; Soil; Soil Pollutants; Time Factors; Urea; Centrosema	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84875221413	Evaluation of amentoflavone isolated from Cnestis ferruginea Vahl ex DC (Connaraceae) on production of inflammatory mediators in LPS stimulated rat astrocytoma cell line (C6) and THP-1 cells	Ishola I.O., Chaturvedi J.P., Rai S., Rajasekar N., Adeyemi O.O., Shukla R., Narender T.	2013	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	146	2	10.1016/j.jep.2012.12.015	Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR), Lucknow-226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Pharmacology Division, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Pharmacology, College of	Ishola, I.O., Pharmacology Division, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India, Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Chaturvedi, J.P., Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR), Lucknow-226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Rai, S., Pharmacology Division, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Rajasekar, N., Pharmacology Division, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Adeyemi, O.O., Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Shukla, R., Pharmacology Division, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Narender, T., Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR), Lucknow-226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India	Ethnopharmacological relevance: Cnestisferruginea (CF) Vahl ex DC (Connaraceae) is a shrub widely used in traditional African medicine for the treatment of various psychiatric illness and inflammatory conditions. Aim of the study: This study was carried out to investigate the effect of amentoflavone isolated from methanolic root extract of CF on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammatory cascade of events associated to the oxidative and nitrative stress, and TNF-α production in rat astrocytoma cell line (C6) and human monocytic leukemia cell line (THP-1), respectively. Materials and methods: Rat astrocytoma cells (C6) were stimulated with LPS (10 μg/ml) alone and in the presence of different concentrations of amentoflavone (0.1-3 μg/ml) for 24 h incubation period. Nitrite release, reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced-glutathione (GSH) in C6 cells were estimated; while the TNF-α level was estimated in THP-1 cell lysate. In vivo analgesic activity was evaluated using mouse writhing and hot plate tests while the anti-inflammatory effect was investigated using carrageenan-induced oedema test. Results: LPS (10 μg/ml) significantly (P<0.05) stimulated C6 cells to release nitrite, ROS, MDA, and TNF-α generation while GSH was down regulated in comparison to control. However, amentoflavone significantly (P<0.05) attenuated nitrite, ROS, MDA and TNF-α generation and also up regulated the level of GSH. Amentoflavone per se did not have any significant effect on C6 and THP-1 cells. Amentoflavone (6.25-50 mg/kg) significantly (P<0.05) reduced number of writhes and also increase pain threshold in hot plate test. It produced time course significant (P<0.05) decrease in oedema formation in rodents. Discussion and conclusion: Findings in this study demonstrate the anti-neuroinflammatory and antinoceptive effects of amentoflavone which may suggest its beneficial roles in neuroinflammation associated disorders. © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.	Amentoflavone; Astrocytoma cell; Human monocytic leukemia cells; Neuroinflammation; Reactive oxygen species	amentoflavone; carrageenan; glutathione; ibuprofen; lipopolysaccharide; malonaldehyde; morphine; nimesulide; nitrite; reactive oxygen metabolite; tumor necrosis factor alpha; analgesic activity; animal cell; animal experiment; animal model; antiinflammatory activity; antinociception; article; astrocytoma cell; cell lysate; cell stimulation; cell viability; cnestis ferruginea; concentration response; Connaraceae; controlled study; cytokine production; down regulation; drug isolation; drug screening; female; hot plate test; human; human cell; in vivo study; incubation time; leukemia cell line; male; mediator; monocytic leukemia; mouse; nervous system inflammation; nitrative stress; nonhuman; oxidative stress; pain; pain threshold; paw edema; plant root; rat; writhing test; Acetic Acid; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Astrocytoma; Biflavonoids; Carrageenan; Cell Line; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Survival; Connaraceae; Edema; Female; Glutathione; Hot Temperature; Inflammation Mediators; Lipopolysaccharides; Male; Malondialdehyde; Mice; Nitrites; Pain; Phytotherapy; Plant Roots; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reactive Oxygen Species; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Connaraceae; Rattus; Rodentia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33646524027	Evaluation of the mutagenic and antimutagenic effects of South African plants	Reid K.A., Maes J., Maes A., van Staden J., De Kimpe N., Mulholland D.A., Verschaeve L.	2006	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	106	1	10.1016/j.jep.2005.11.030	Expertise Centre of Environmental Toxicology, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (Vito), Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium; Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209 Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; Natural Products Research Group, School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal Durban, Durban, 4041, South Africa	Reid, K.A., Expertise Centre of Environmental Toxicology, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (Vito), Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium, Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209 Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Maes, J., Expertise Centre of Environmental Toxicology, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (Vito), Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium; Maes, A., Expertise Centre of Environmental Toxicology, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (Vito), Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium; van Staden, J., Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209 Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; De Kimpe, N., Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; Mulholland, D.A., Natural Products Research Group, School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal Durban, Durban, 4041, South Africa; Verschaeve, L., Expertise Centre of Environmental Toxicology, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (Vito), Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium	Dichloromethane and 90% methanol extracts of 42 South African plants were screened for mutagenicity and antimutagenicity using the Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity assay (Ames) against Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 bacterial strains in the presence and absence of metabolic activator S9. The methanol extracts from whole plants of Helichrysum simillimum, Helichrysum herbaceum and Helichrysum rugulosum indicated mutagenicity. These are the first reported tests on the mutagenicity of Helichrysum species. Six species indicated antimutagenic properties, all in the presence of S9: methanol leaf extract of Bauhinia galpinii, and dichloromethane leaf extracts of Bauhinia galpinii, Clerodendrum myricoides, Datura stramonium, Buddleja saligna, Millettia sutherlandii and Sutherlandia frutescens. © 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	Ames test; Antimutagenicity; Mutagenicity; Traditional medicinal plants	Bauhinia galpinii extract; Buddleja saligna extract; catharanthus roseus extract; clerodendrum myricoides extract; coleonema album extract; Datura stramonium extract; dichloromethane; dioscorea dregeana extract; ekebergia capensis extract; Helichrysum herbaceum extract; Helichrysum rugulosum extract; Helichrysum simillimum extract; hypoxis hemerocallidea extract; maytenus senegalensis extract; methanol; millettia grandis extract; Millettia sutherlandii extract; Nauclea latifolia extract; olea africana extract; Phyllanthus amarus extract; phytolacca octandra extract; plant extract; pleurostylia capensis extract; rhus chirindensis extract; rhus rehrianmana extract; Sutherlandia frutescens extract; tulbaghia violaceae extract; unclassified drug; unindexed drug; uvaria chamae extract; xysmalobium undulatum extract; Ames test; angiosperm; Araliaceae; article; Asclepiadaceae; Asteraceae; bacterial strain; Bauhinia; Buddleja; Catharanthus roseus; Celastraceae; Clerodendrum; Datura stramonium; drug activity; drug effect; drug screening; Flacourtiaceae; Helichrysum; Hypoxis; Hyptis; Maytenus; medicinal plant; Meliaceae; metabolic activation; Millettia; mutagenicity; nonhuman; olive tree; Phyllanthus amarus; poison ivy; pokeweed; Rubiaceae; Rutaceae; Salmonella typhimurium; South Africa; Sterculiaceae; strophanthus; Uvaria; Antimutagenic Agents; Datura stramonium; Helichrysum; Medicine, African Traditional; Methanol; Methylene Chloride; Mutagenicity Tests; Mutagens; Plant Extracts; Plants; Salmonella typhimurium; South Africa; Apocynaceae; Araliaceae; Asteraceae; Bacteria (microorganisms); Bauhinia; Bauhinia galpinii; Buddleja; Buddleja saligna; Catharanthus roseus; Celastraceae; Clerodendrum; Coleonema album; Datura stramonium; Dioscorea dregeana; Ekebergia capensis; Flacourtiaceae; Hedera; Helichrysum; Helichrysum rugulosum; Hypoxis; Hypoxis hemerocallidea; Hyptis; Magnoliophyta; Malvaceae; Maytenus; Maytenus senegalensis; Meliaceae; Millettia; Millettia grandis; Nauclea latifolia; Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata; Phyllanthus amarus; Phytolacca octandra; Phytolaccaceae; Pleurostylia; Rhus; Rotheca myricoides; Rubiaceae; Rutaceae; Salmonella typhimurium; Strophanthus; Sutherlandia frutescens; Tulbaghia; Uvaria; Uvaria chamae; Violaceae; Xysmalobium undulatum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84877823410	Mutagenic evaluation of 10 long-term stored medicinal plants commonly used in south africa	Aremu A.O., Moyo M., Amoo S.O., Van Staden J.	2013	South African Journal of Botany	87	None	10.1016/j.sajb.2013.03.002	Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa	Aremu, A.O., Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Moyo, M., Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Amoo, S.O., Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Van Staden, J., Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa	The use of medicinal plants is an increasing phenomenon among the majority of people in many developing countries. Some of the harvested medicinal plants are often stored for shorter or longer periods prior to usage. Evidence from recent studies has demonstrated the pharmacological efficacy of short and long-term stored plant materials when compared to freshly-harvested ones. In an attempt to evaluate the effect of long-term storage on the safety of some commonly used medicinal plants, the Ames test which involved the use of three Salmonella typhimurium tester strains (TA98, TA100 and TA1535) were conducted. Current findings indicate the absence of any mutagenic effects resulting from the storage of medicinal plant materials for as long as 16. years. Although freshly collected Acokanthera oppositifolia extract demonstrated a mutagenic effect against TA1535 strain at the highest concentration tested, no such effect was observed in the stored material. Further studies involving metabolic activation systems and in vivo conditions may further elucidate the effect of long-term storage on the safety of medicinal plants. © 2013 South African Association of Botanists.	Ames test; Conservation; Safety; Toxicity; Traditional medicine	concentration (composition); genetic analysis; harvesting; medicinal plant; metabolism; mutagenicity; safety; storage; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-71349084283	In vitro cytotoxic and mutagenic evaluation of thirteen commercial herbal mixtures sold in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa	Ndhlala A.R., Anthonissen R., Stafford G.I., Finnie J.F., Verschaeve L., Van Staden J.	2010	South African Journal of Botany	76	1	10.1016/j.sajb.2009.09.010	Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3201, South Africa; Toxicology, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Juliette Wytsmanstreet 14, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium	Ndhlala, A.R., Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3201, South Africa; Anthonissen, R., Toxicology, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Juliette Wytsmanstreet 14, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium; Stafford, G.I., Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3201, South Africa; Finnie, J.F., Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3201, South Africa; Verschaeve, L., Toxicology, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Juliette Wytsmanstreet 14, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium; Van Staden, J., Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3201, South Africa	Cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of thirteen commercial herbal mixtures sold in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa were evaluated using the neutral red uptake (NRU) assay and the Ames test. The herbal mixtures tested included Umzimba omubi, Umuthi wekukhwehlela ne zilonda, Mvusa ukunzi, Umpatisa inkosi, Imbiza ephuzwato, Vusa umzimba, Ingwe® muthi mixture, Ibhubezi™, Supreme one hundred™, Sejeso herbal mixture Ingwe®, Lion izifozonke Ingwe®, Stameta™ BODicare® and Ingwe® special muti. The relative cytotoxicity of the herbal mixtures was established by determining their NI50 values (50% inhibition of neutral red uptake). The test revealed that the most toxic herbal mixture was Umpatisa inkosi with an NI50 value of 0.016 mg/mL and the least toxic mixture was Stameta™ BODicare® with an NI50 value of 28.00 mg/mL. The herbal mixtures showed no mutagenic effects against Salmonella typhimurium tester strains TA98, TA100, TA102, TA1535 and TA1537 when the assay was done without S9 metabolic activation. However, four herbal mixtures, Umpatisa inkosi, Imbiza ephuzwato, Vusa umzimba and Stameta™ BODicare® showed mutagenic effects against TA98 but not the rest of the tester strains after using S9 metabolic activation. Umpatisa inkosi also exhibited weak mutagenic activity against TA1535 after metabolic activation. The remaining mixtures did not show mutagenic effects against all the tester strains after S9 metabolic activation. The cytotoxic and mutagenic results reported here offer a step toward determining the safety of commercial herbal mixtures in South Africa. Herbal mixtures showing higher cytotoxic and mutagenic effects need to be further investigated for their possible effects on humans. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Ames test; Cytotoxicity; HepG2; Herbal mixtures; Mutagenicity; Neutral Red Uptake	antimicrobial activity; bacterium; health impact; metabolism; mutagenicity; plant product; toxicity test; Salmonella typhimurium	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84929335341	Considering the impact of amicus curiae participation on feminist litigation strategy	Spies A.	2015	South African Journal on Human Rights	31	1	None	Department of Public, Constitutional and International Law, College of Law, University of South Africa, South Africa	Spies, A., Department of Public, Constitutional and International Law, College of Law, University of South Africa, South Africa	Amici curiae participation plays an important role in litigation and judicial decision-making. The public interest nature of these participations has become particularly important in representing the point of view of those who might be affected by a judgment which could influence the outcome of a decision. Employing amicus curiae participation as specific litigation strategy is of importance in promoting litigation from a feminist and gendered viewpoint allowing feminist method to be employed in constructing effective legal arguments. © 2015, Juta and Co ltd. All rights reserved.	Amicus curiae participation; Feminist method; Litigation strategy	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84924769603	Facile synthesis and biological evaluation of assorted indolyl-3-amides and esters from a single, stable carbonyl nitrile intermediate	Veale C.G.L., Edkins A.L., De La Mare J.-A., De Kock C., Smith P.J., Khanye S.D.	2015	Tetrahedron Letters	56	14	10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.02.090	Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa; Biomedical Biotechnology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa; Department of Pharmacology, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa	Veale, C.G.L., Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa; Edkins, A.L., Biomedical Biotechnology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa; De La Mare, J.-A., Biomedical Biotechnology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa; De Kock, C., Department of Pharmacology, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, South Africa; Smith, P.J., Department of Pharmacology, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, South Africa; Khanye, S.D., Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa	The synthesis of biologically relevant amides and esters is routinely conducted under complex reaction conditions or requires the use of additional catalysts in order to generate sensitive electrophilic species for attack by a nucleophile. Here we present the synthesis of different indolic esters and amides from indolyl-3-carbonyl nitrile, without the requirement of anhydrous reaction conditions or catalysts. Additionally, we screened these compounds for potential in vitro antimalarial and anticancer activity, revealing 1H-indolyl-3-carboxylic acid 3-(indolyl-3-carboxamide)aminobenzyl ester to have moderate activity against both lines. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Amide; Carbonyl nitrile; Ester; Indole	1 h indolyl 3 carboxylic acid 3 (indolyl 3 carboxamide)aminobenzyl ester; amide; antimalarial agent; antineoplastic agent; carbonyl derivative; ester derivative; indole derivative; nitrile; unclassified drug; animal cell; antimalarial activity; antineoplastic activity; Article; breast cancer cell line; bromination; controlled study; drug cytotoxicity; drug screening; drug stability; drug synthesis; electrophilicity; fluorination; IC50; in vitro study; nonhuman; nucleophilicity; Plasmodium falciparum; structure activity relation; triple negative breast cancer	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84891630909	The impact of additional nitrates in mild steel corrosion in a seawater/sediment system	Pillay C., Lin J.	2014	Corrosion Science	80	None	10.1016/j.corsci.2013.11.047	School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville), Private Bag X 54001, Durban, South Africa	Pillay, C., School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville), Private Bag X 54001, Durban, South Africa; Lin, J., School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville), Private Bag X 54001, Durban, South Africa	This paper investigates the impact of additional nitrate sources on mild steel coupon corrosion in a seawater/sediment system. The results show that addition of 5. mM of nitrate sources significantly increased the weight loss of coupons after 20. weeks. SEM results indicate increase in microbial populations and corrosive products in the non-autoclaved and the nitrate-treated environments. EDX analyses revealed an increase in contents of carbon, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and sodium with the exception of iron with an increase in incubation time. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.	A. Mild steel; B. SEM; B. Weight loss; C. Microbiological corrosion	EDX analysis; Incubation time; Microbial populations; Microbiological corrosion; Nitrate sources; Steel coupon; Weight loss; Carbon steel; Corrosion; Nitrates	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84877291742	Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial evaluation of some schiff bases and their thiazolidinone products	Gebretekle D., Tadesse A., Upadhyay R.K., Dekebo A.	2012	Oriental Journal of Chemistry	28	4	None	Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Haramaya University, Ethiopia	Gebretekle, D., Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Haramaya University, Ethiopia; Tadesse, A., Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Haramaya University, Ethiopia; Upadhyay, R.K., Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Haramaya University, Ethiopia; Dekebo, A., Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Haramaya University, Ethiopia	Six isomeric nitro- and methoxy anilines were condensed with vanillin to obtain Schiff's bases. A new series of 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy phenyl)-1-thiazolidinone derivatives were synthesized by the cyclocondensation of Schiff's bases with mercapto acetic acid. The chemical structures of synthesized compounds were confirmed by elemental analysis, molecular weight determination, IR, 1H &amp; 13C and DEPT-135 NMR spectral measurements. Antibacterial and antifungal activities were studied in vitro against staphylococcus aurous and Escherichia coli bacteria and Aspergillus niger and Rhizoctoia bataticola fungi by using Ampicillin and Bavistin reference drugs respectively.	Amines; Bacteria; Fungi; Schiff's bases; Thiazolidinones	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84887508077	Sensory and chemical evaluation of Beef Based Dambu-nama (BBDN)	Eke M.O., Ariahu C.C., Abu J.O.	2013	Advance Journal of Food Science and Technology	5	10	None	Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria	Eke, M.O., Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria; Ariahu, C.C., Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria; Abu, J.O., Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria	The bioavailabilty of the Beef Based Dambu-nama (BBDN) were evaluated by the analysis of the amino acids, minerals, vitamins and proximate composition using four processing treatments. Samples of Beef Based Dambu-nama (BBDN) were processed using (4) separate treatments and analyzed for their sensory and chemical characteristics. The chemical properties evaluated includes; chemical, amino-acid composition and the mineral contents. The treatments were 425 (cooked for 90 min and not fried), 509 (cooked for 60 min and fried for 10 min) and 511 (cooked for 60 min and not fried). The sensory result showed high acceptability of the product though sample 430 (cooked for 90 min and shallow fried for 10 min) was the most preferred. Result of the proximate composition showed that the crude protein was high (37.14-45.86%), low fat content (11.2-17.84%) and high ash content (4.87-5.18%), which indicate that BBDN (beef based Dambu-nama) have a high nutrient content. The Thiobarbituric Acid (TBA) value of 0.40-0.45 mgmaloaldeyd e/g sample also indicates that there is no lipid oxidation while the high relative pH of 6.32-6.34 indicates that the animal was stressed before or during the slaughtering process. Similarly, the low moisture content (5.10-7.00%) guarantees longer shelf life because of the low water activity which inhibits microbial growth. The amino acid composition also showed that BBDN have excellent values for both essential and non-essential amino acid which are important components for healing and protein synthesis processes. The mineral concentration of BBDN also showed that the Ca/P, Na/K ratio was higher than (1) and thus an excellent food because sodium and potassium are required to maintain osmotic balance of body fluid, pH of the body and regulate muscle and nerve irritability. © 2013 Maxwell Scientific Organization.	Amino acid; Beef based Dambu-nama; Mineral compositions; Proximate and sensory	Amino acid compositions; Chemical characteristic; Chemical evaluation; Mineral composition; Proximate and sensory; Proximate compositions; Slaughtering process; Thiobarbituric acid; Amino acids; Chemical analysis; Minerals; Meats	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879274960	Comparative evaluation of amino acid composition and volatile organic compounds of selected Nigerian cucurbit seeds	Karaye I.U., Aliero A.A., Muhammad S., Bilbis L.S.	2012	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	11	12	None	Department of Biological Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria	Karaye, I.U., Department of Biological Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria; Aliero, A.A., Department of Biological Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria; Muhammad, S., Department of Biological Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria; Bilbis, L.S., Department of Biochemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria	Amino acid composition and volatile organic compounds (VOCS) of five Nigerian cucurbits namely: Luffa aegyptiaca (Mill.), Citrullus lanatus (Thunb. Matsum), Cucurbita maxima (Duchesne, ex Lam), Cucumis metuliferus (E.Mey. ex Naudin) and Momordica balsamina (L.) were investigated using Amino acid Analyzer and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The proportion of essential amino acids ranged from 22.75- 30.23 g/100 g protein with the highest content in M. balsamina with 30.23 g/100 g protein and the least in C. lanatus with 22.75 g/100 g protein. High content of leucine was found in C. maxima and M. balsamina with 7.04 and 6.11 g /100 g protein respectively. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of thirty-one compounds, the most abundant classes of organic compounds in L. aegyptiaca comprised of esters with 65.17% and Fatty Acids (FA) had 32.62% while hydrocarbons amounted to 29%. In C. lanatus, seven compounds were identified dominated by FA and hydrocarbons with 91.5 and 7.25% respectively. In C. maxima, ten compounds were identified dominated by FA (52.24%) and hydrocarbons (43.46%). In C. metuliferus, FA had 30.74% while aromatic compounds and alcohol had 9.18 and 0.68%, respectively. Among the five seeds studied, the most abundant compounds identified were linoleic acid methyl ester in L. aegyptiaca with 63.72%. Cis-cis linoleic acid is most abundant in M. balsamina (62.03%) totaling the fatty acid portion to 86.41%. These results suggest the potential of the seeds as a source of amino acids and fatty acids that could be useful in food and feed fortification strategies. The unique VOCS could be useful as biomarkers for delimitation of the studied species. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2012.	Amino acid; Biomarkers; Cucurbits; Fatty acids; Volatile compounds	alcohol; aromatic compound; essential amino acid; ester derivative; fatty acid; hydrocarbon; leucine; linoleic acid; linoleic acid methyl ester; protein; unclassified drug; volatile organic compound; amino acid analysis; amino acid composition; analyzer; article; comparative study; controlled study; Cucumis metuliferus; Cucurbita maxima; Cucurbitaceae; Luffa aegyptiaca; mass fragmentography; Momordica balsamina; nonhuman; plant seed; protein content; watermelon; Citrullus lanatus; Cucumis metuliferus; Cucurbita maxima; Luffa aegyptiaca; Momordica balsamina	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77952601356	Chemical evaluation of the nutritive quality of pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]	Akande K.E., Abubakar M.M., Adegbola T.A., Bogoro S.E., Doma U.D.	2010	International Journal of Poultry Science	9	1	None	Animal Production Programme, School of Agriculture, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, P.M.B0248, Bauchi State, Nigeria	Akande, K.E., Animal Production Programme, School of Agriculture, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, P.M.B0248, Bauchi State, Nigeria; Abubakar, M.M., Animal Production Programme, School of Agriculture, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, P.M.B0248, Bauchi State, Nigeria; Adegbola, T.A., Animal Production Programme, School of Agriculture, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, P.M.B0248, Bauchi State, Nigeria; Bogoro, S.E., Animal Production Programme, School of Agriculture, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, P.M.B0248, Bauchi State, Nigeria; Doma, U.D., Animal Production Programme, School of Agriculture, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, P.M.B0248, Bauchi State, Nigeria	This study was carried out to evaluate the proximate and amino acid compositions of samples of raw and roasted pigeon pea seeds. The following range of values were obtained for dry matter (95.89-96.34%), crude protein (21.03-21.07%), crude fat (4.43-5.96%), crude fibre (7.16-7.52%) and ash (3.76-4.02%) respectively for the raw and roasted seeds of pigeon pea. While values for nitrogen free extract ranged from 57.77-59.51% for the roasted and raw pigeon pea seeds respectively. Results from the amino acid analysis revealed that some amino acids like arginine, aspartic acid, threonine, serine, glutamic acid, glycine, alanine, leucine and tyrosine had their concentration in the seeds increased with heat processing, while other amino acids were not. On the whole, the concentration of glutamic acid was found to be the highest in the pigeon pea, with a value of 14.21 g/16 gN for the roasted seeds. Lysine showed the highest concentration among the indispensable amino acids (7.79 g/16 gN for the raw seeds and 7.55 g/16 gN for the roasted seeds). Pigeon pea seed was found to be deficient in the sulphur-containing amino acids (cystine and methionine). © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2010.	Amino acid; Composition; Evaluation; Pigeon pea; Proximate	Cajanus cajan	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84921761052	Nutritional evaluation of nigerian dried okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) seeds	Ogungbenle H.N., Arekemase E.F.	2014	Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research Series B: Biological Sciences	57	3	None	Department of Chemistry, Ekiti State University, P.M.B. 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria	Ogungbenle, H.N., Department of Chemistry, Ekiti State University, P.M.B. 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Arekemase, E.F., Department of Chemistry, Ekiti State University, P.M.B. 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria	The proximate, functional properties, in-vitro multi enzyme protein digestibility and amino acid compositions of Nigerian dried okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) seeds were evaluated. The ash, moisture, fat, crude fibre, crude protein and carbohydrate of the okra seeds were: 4.8%, 13.5%, 39.9%, 8.82%, 26.4% and 6.62%, respectively. The water and oil absorption capacities were: 220% and 200% which makes okra seeds exhibit a high water retention capacity. The least gelation concentration was 8% while, emulsion capacity was 45.5% and foaming capacity and stability were: 12% and 2%, respectively. The in vitro protein digestibility was 69.3%. Glutamic acid was the most concentrated amino acid (121.1 mg/g crude protein) while, cystine (10.0 mg/g crude protein) was the least concentrated amino acid. The total amino acid was 706 mg/g crude protein.	Amino acid; Digestibility; Functional properties; Okra seeds	absorption efficiency; amino acid; dicotyledon; digestibility; enzyme activity; moisture; nutritive value; retention; seed; Nigeria; Abelmoschus; Abelmoschus esculentus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879261747	Evaluation of the crude protein and amino acid composition of Nigerian Monodora myristica (Ehuru)	Ekeanyanwu R.C.	2013	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	12	3	None	Department of Biochemistry, Imo State University, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria	Ekeanyanwu, R.C., Department of Biochemistry, Imo State University, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria	Protein plays an important role in biochemical, biophysical and physiological processes. The deficiency of proteins leads to weakness, anaemia, protein energy malnutrition (Kwashiorkor and marasmus), delayed wound healing and fracture healing and also decreased resistance to infection. Proteins in the body come from both plant and animal source. Life without protein is not possible and amino acids are the building blocks of protein. The crude protein and amino acid composition of Monodora myristica seed was determined using standard analytical techniques with a view to further appraise the nutritive value. The results showed that crude protein content in percentage as 11.34%. The Total Amino Acid (TAA) of Monodora myristica seed was 65.60g/100g of crude protein. The Total Essential Amino Acid (TEAA, with Histidine) was calculated to be 47.64% of the crude protein while the Total non Essential Amino Acid (TNEAA) was calculated to be 52.36% of the crude protein. The predicted protein efficiency ratio (P-PER) was calculated to be 2.32. The content of total Essential Amino Acid (EAA) with value 26.85g/100g crude protein is lower than FAO/WHO recommended value of 36.0g/100g crude protein. Monodora myristica could be used as good sources of protein supplement in the human diet. Monodora myristica has been used as spice and condiment in food and also possess medicinal property. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2013.	Amino acid; Ehuru; Monodora myristica; Protein	alanine; amino acid; arginine; aspartic acid; cysteine; essential amino acid; glutamic acid; glycine; histidine; isoleucine; leucine; lysine; methionine; phenylalanine; proline; serine; threonine; tyrosine; valine; vegetable protein; analytic method; article; diet supplementation; food composition; Monodora myristica; nonhuman; nutritional value; plant seed; protein content; tree; Animalia; Monodora myristica	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84865092334	Evaluation of the chemical composition and anti nutritional factors levels of different thermally processed soybeans	Ari M.M., Ayanwale B.A., Adama T.Z., Olatunji E.A.	2012	Research Journal of Information Technology	4	4	10.3923/rjit.2012.220.227	Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, PMB 33 Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria; Department of Animal Production Technology, School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Federal University of Technology Minna, Niger State, Nigeria; Depar	Ari, M.M., Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, PMB 33 Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria; Ayanwale, B.A., Department of Animal Production Technology, School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Federal University of Technology Minna, Niger State, Nigeria; Adama, T.Z., Department of Animal Production Technology, School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Federal University of Technology Minna, Niger State, Nigeria; Olatunji, E.A., Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Abuja, FCT, Nigeria	Chemical composition, amino acid profile, Anti Nutritional Factors (ANFs) and protein quality factors of different thermally (extrusion, cooking, toasting and roasting) processed soybeans (Glycine max) for broiler diets were evaluated in this study. Dry Matter (DM) percentage ranged from 79.00-91.25% while Crude Protein (CP) percentage ranged from 12.51-28.34%. Crude Fibre (CF) values were highest with toasting (28.34) while cooking gave the lowest value (12.51). Ether Extract (EE) highest value was obtained in cooked soybeans (19.50%) while the least (9.72%) was obtained in extruded soybeans. Total ash percentages ranged from 4.27-4.46% while NFE percentage ranged from 13.75-26.31%. Ca and P percentage values were high (1.08, 0.33%) in roasted and extruded respectively. Amino acid profiles (g/100 g protein) values for lysine ranged from 2.40-5.1, while cystine had values ranging from 0.64-0.88. Methionine value were highest (1.02, 1.14) in cooking and roasting and least in extrusion (0.52) while phyenylalanine values ranged from 3.06-4.26. Reduction due to treatment was observed in Trypsin Inhibitor Activity (TIA) and phytic acid and cooking methods was highest for TIA (85%), extruded soybeans (60.59%), toasted and roasted soybeans were similar (52.44, 53.75%). Reduction in phytic acid was highest with roasted soybean (71.71%), followed by 70.73% in cooked soybeans, toasted soybean was least (48.12%). Urease assay values ranged from 0.02-0.09 (ApH) and cooked soybean had highest protein solubility index of 83.40%. Phytic acid and Trypsin Inhibitor Activity (TIA), phytic acid and percentage reduction in TIA, Protein Solubility Index (PSI) and phytic acid, TIA and percentage reduction in TIA were correlated. Protein quality and TIA inactivation was more preserved and effective with cooking method. 2012 Academic Journals Inc.	Amino acid profile; Anti nutritional factors; Proximate composition; Soybeans; Thermal processing	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77952820483	Comparative, nutritive and physico-chemical evaluation of cassava (Manihot esculenta) leaf protein concentrate and fish meal	Aletor O.	2010	Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment	8	2	None	Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Nigeria	Aletor, O., Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Nigeria	Leaf protein concentrate (LPC) from cassava (Manihot esculenta) and fish meal were analysed and compared for their proximate chemical composition, gross energy, mineral constituents and functional properties. Also their amino acid profile and in vitro multi-enzyme protein digestibility were determined. The cassava LPC contained on the average (g/100 g DM) 41.7 crude protein (CP), 6.3 ether extract (EE), 0.5 crude fibre (CF) and 8.1 ash while the fish meal contained 65.7, 9.6, 0.5 and 14.9 g/100 g DM, CP, EE, CF and ash, respectively. The CP, EE and ash content of fish meal were generally higher than those of the LPC while the gross energy was higher in the latter than in the former. Among the major minerals Na, K, Mg and Zn were generally higher in the LPC while Ca, P and Fe were more abundant in the fish meal. Higher variation in concentration were generally observed in the major minerals as indicated by the high coefficients of variation (CV) ranging from 56 to 133%. The mean value for water absorption capacity (WAC), emulsion capacity (EC) and emulsion stability (ES) in cassava LPC (158.0, 55.4 and 56.9%, respectively) were similar to those of fish meal (200.0, 47.9 and 47.7%, respectively). The fat absorption capacity, foaming capacity and foaming stability of cassava LPC were generally lower than those of fish meal as indicated by the very high CV (%) ranging from 115 to 136%. Protein solubilities of the two protein concentrates were generally higher in both the acid and alkaline media. Amino acids scores, with egg as reference, for fish meal were generally higher than for LPC while the in vitro multi-enzyme protein digestibility indicates that the cassava LPC was more digestible (86.3%) than the fish meal (74.9%).	Amino acid profile; Functional properties; Gross energy; in vitro multi-enzyme protein digestibility; Mineral constituents; Proximate chemical composition	amino acid; calcium; enzyme; ether derivative; fat; iron; magnesium; phosphorus; potassium; sodium; vegetable protein; water; zinc; article; ash; cassava; comparative study; digestion; egg; emulsion; energy; fiber; fish; foaming; in vitro study; lipid absorption; meal; nutritional value; physical chemistry; scoring system; solubility; water absorption; Manihot esculenta	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84856195899	Chemical composition and nutritional evaluation of velvet bean seeds (Mucuna utilis) for domestic consumption and industrial utilization in Nigeria	Balogun I.O., Olatidoye O.P.	2012	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	11	2	None	Department of Food Technology, Yaba College of Technology, Nigeria	Balogun, I.O., Department of Food Technology, Yaba College of Technology, Nigeria; Olatidoye, O.P., Department of Food Technology, Yaba College of Technology, Nigeria	Velvet bean seeds were collected from a farm Ibadan. The mature seed samples were analyzed for proximate and mineral compositions, fatty acid profiles and amino acid composition. The mean values of various parameters for proximate composition (%) were: Moisture (6.02±0.11), crude protein (25.65±0.14), ash (3.60±0.01), ether extract (14.52±0.05), crude fibre (7.23±0.05) and carbohydrate (by difference) (42.98). The calculated fatty acids were (12.49) and gross energy was (1703.95). The investigated seed samples contained higher amounts of crude protein and lipids when compared with most of the commonly consumed pulses. Mineral element (mg/100g) include: Calcium (148.88±0.2), potassium (1472.33±0.2), phosphorus (377.12±0.2), magnesium (23.66±0.3), iron (3.44±0.2) and manganese (5.28±0.1). The fatty acid profiles of the seeds revealed that the seed lipids contained higher concentration of palmitic acid and linoleic acid. Linoleic acid was the dominating fatty acid, followed by palmitic acid and oleic acid. The seed proteins of sample contained higher levels of the essential amino acids such as, threonine, valine, isoleucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine and histidine. Amino acid analysis revealed that velvet bean flour contained nutritionally useful quantities of most of the essential amino acids. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2012.	Amino acid profiles; Chemical composition; Physico-chemical characteristics; Velvet bean	amino acid; calcium; carbohydrate; essential amino acid; ether; fatty acid; histidine; iron; isoleucine; linoleic acid; lipid; magnesium; manganese; mineral; oleic acid; palmitic acid; phenylalanine; phosphorus; potassium; threonine; tyrosine; valine; vegetable protein; amino acid analysis; amino acid composition; article; ash; calorie; chemical composition; controlled study; dietary fiber; fatty acid analysis; flour; food analysis; food composition; food industry; food intake; lipid composition; moisture; Nigeria; nonhuman; nutrient content; nutritional assessment; physical chemistry; plant seed; velvet bean; Mucuna	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-41949093182	The effects of dietary graded Leucaena leucocephala seeds on performance and blood parameters in broiler chicks	Abdelati K.A., Ahmed M.E., Mohamed H.H.	2008	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	7	2	None	Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Production, University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 71, 13314 Khartoum, Sudan; Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agricultural Technology and Fish Sciences, Alneelain University, P.O. Box 12702, Sudan; Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Health, Agriculture and Natural Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa	Abdelati, K.A., Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Production, University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 71, 13314 Khartoum, Sudan; Ahmed, M.E., Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agricultural Technology and Fish Sciences, Alneelain University, P.O. Box 12702, Sudan; Mohamed, H.H., Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Health, Agriculture and Natural Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa	The core objective of this study was to assess the effects of different dietary Leucaena leucocephala seed on the performance and some blood parameters in broiler, chick. Seeds were included at 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12% in the diet of one hundred twenty one-day-old unsexed broiler chicks. The results showed that, feed intake, body weight gain and PER were significantly (p≤0.01) depressed with the inclusion of 6, 9 and 12% leucaena seeds in the diet. Feed intake, body weight gain and PER were negatively correlated (p≤0.05) with levels of inclusion of leucaena seeds. However, overall FCR, haematological parameters, plasma albumin, glucose and mortality rate were not influenced (p≤0.05) by dietary treatments. Inclusion of dietary leucaena significantly decreased plasma Ca, Na, total protein and cholesterol. While plasma Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase GOT, alkaline phosphatase ALP and uric acid were increased with the increase in levels of leucaena in the broiler diets. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2008.	Amino acids and cholesterol; Broiler; Leucaena leucocephala	albumin; alkaline phosphatase; aspartate aminotransferase; calcium; cholesterol; glucose; protein; sodium; uric acid; albumin blood level; alkaline phosphatase blood level; animal experiment; article; aspartate aminotransferase blood level; calcium blood level; chick; cholesterol blood level; controlled study; diet; food intake; glucose blood level; hematological parameters; legume; leucaena leucocephala; mortality; nonhuman; nutritional value; plant seed; protein blood level; sodium blood level; uric acid blood level; weight gain; Leucaena; Leucaena leucocephala	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-10044280158	Chemical evaluation of the seeds of Milletia obanensis	Umoren U.E., Essien A.I., Ukorebi B.A., Essien E.B.	2005	Food Chemistry	91	2	10.1016/j.foodchem.2003.08.029	Department of Animal Science, University of Calabar, Cross River, Nigeria; Snowbird Foods Ltd., Wharf Road, Ponders End, Middlesan, en 4TD, Enfield, Nigeria	Umoren, U.E., Department of Animal Science, University of Calabar, Cross River, Nigeria; Essien, A.I., Department of Animal Science, University of Calabar, Cross River, Nigeria; Ukorebi, B.A., Department of Animal Science, University of Calabar, Cross River, Nigeria; Essien, E.B., Snowbird Foods Ltd., Wharf Road, Ponders End, Middlesan, en 4TD, Enfield, Nigeria	A study was conduced to evaluate the nutritional potential of Milletia obanensis "Odudu" as a possible food or feedstuff and to assess the effect of various processing methods on its nutritional quality. Results of proximate analysis showed that the raw seeds contained 26.7% crude protein, 23.5% ether extract, 3.47% crude fibre, 4.37% ash and 42.0% nitrogen free extract. The protein was well supplied with essential and non-essential amino acids, though the values were low when compared with popular seed legumes. Minerals were in fair supply: P 3.10, Mg 92.30, K 45.25 and Fe 2.20 mg/100 g. Processing methods significantly (p<0.05) affected the nutritional composition. While autoclaving, boiling and toasting (heat treatment) increased the protein content, it reduced the levels of anti-nutritional factors-phytate, tannins, oxalates, cyanogenic glycosides and (slightly) saponin. Thus, it was concluded that M. obanensis seeds, if properly processed, could serve as livestock feed or food for man. © 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Amino acids; Antinutritional factors; Chemical evaluation; Milletia obanensis; Nutritional potential; Processing methods	essential amino acid; ether; glycoside; iron; magnesium; mineral; nitrogen; oxalic acid; phosphorus; phytate; potassium; saponin; tannin derivative; vegetable protein; analytic method; animal food; article; ash; autoclave; biochemical composition; controlled study; cooking; food; food processing; heat treatment; heating; intermethod comparison; legume; livestock; milletia obanensis; nonhuman; nutritional value; plant; plant fiber; plant seed; protein content; statistical significance; Fraxinus; Millettia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70049100990	Effects of substitution of freshwater shrimp meal (Caridina nilotica Roux) with hydrolyzed feather meal on growth performance and apparent digestibility in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) under different culture conditions	Munguti J.M., Waidbacher H., Liti D.M., Straif M., Zollitsch W.J.	2009	Livestock Research for Rural Development	21	8	None	Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, Sangoro Aquaculture Station, P.O Box 136, PAP-Onditi Kisumu, Kenya; BOKU- University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences Vienna, Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, 17 Max-Emanuel-Straße, A-1180 Vienna, Austria; Moi University, Department of Biological Sciences, P.O Box 1125, Eldoret, Kenya; BOKU- University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences Vienna, Department of Sustainable Agricultural Systems, Division of Livestock Sciences, Gregor Mendel-Straße 33, A-1180 Vienna, Austria	Munguti, J.M., Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, Sangoro Aquaculture Station, P.O Box 136, PAP-Onditi Kisumu, Kenya; Waidbacher, H., BOKU- University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences Vienna, Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, 17 Max-Emanuel-Straße, A-1180 Vienna, Austria; Liti, D.M., Moi University, Department of Biological Sciences, P.O Box 1125, Eldoret, Kenya; Straif, M., BOKU- University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences Vienna, Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, 17 Max-Emanuel-Straße, A-1180 Vienna, Austria; Zollitsch, W.J., BOKU- University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences Vienna, Department of Sustainable Agricultural Systems, Division of Livestock Sciences, Gregor Mendel-Straße 33, A-1180 Vienna, Austria	The effects of substituting hydrolysed feather meal (HFM) for freshwater shrimp meal (FSM; Caridina nilotica, Roux) on growth, digestibility and survival in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) were evaluated under laboratory and practical culture conditions. Fingerlings with mean ranges of 26.0-26.5 and 35.4-37.0g were held indoor in aquaria with recirculating water, and in cages that were installed in 800m2 fertilized pond, respectively. Five isocaloric (12.3kJg-1) diets, containing between 28.5 and 31.0% of crude protein, were prepared by gradually substituting HFM for FSM at rates of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% and fed to fish in aquaria; tilapia in cages were fed diets at substitution levels 0, 50 and 100%. All fish were fed at 10% of body weight day-1 in three replicates for 84 days. Results indicated that substitution of HFM for FSM at levels above 50% led to significant (P&lt;0.05) growth reductions in aquaria. However, even 100% substitution rate did not significantly (P&gt;0.05) affect growth of fish in the cages. In both experiments, survival was similar among treatments, but apparent protein digestibility decreased with increasing levels of HFM in the diet. In conclusion, at least 50% substitution of HFM for FSM is possible in semi-intensive culture of Oreochromis niloticus, where natural food is available and where moderate growth performance levels may be accepted.	Amino acids; Aquaria; Cage; Nutrients; Ponds	Caridina nitotica; Decapoda (Crustacea); Oreochromis niloticus; Tilapia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34547738651	Impact of South African fortification legislation on product formulation for low-income households	Duvenage S.S., Schönfeldt H.C.	2007	Journal of Food Composition and Analysis	20	8	10.1016/j.jfca.2007.04.001	Department of Hospitality and Tourism, Vaal University of Technology, Private Bag X021, P.O. Bag X021, Vanderbijlpark, Gauteng 1900, South Africa; Department of Consumer Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa	Duvenage, S.S., Department of Hospitality and Tourism, Vaal University of Technology, Private Bag X021, P.O. Bag X021, Vanderbijlpark, Gauteng 1900, South Africa; Schönfeldt, H.C., Department of Consumer Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa	Newly introduced legislation for the fortification of maize meal and bread flour in South Africa enhanced nutritive intakes for selected nutrients and enabled the formulation of an affordable, dry, plant-based premixed food product for low-income households. Firstly, the nutritive intakes and relatedness to prevalent nutrient deficiencies in South Africa were calculated to portray the impact of the implemented food fortification legislation [Republic of South Africa (RSA), 2003. Department of Health. Government notice. No. R2003. Regulations relating to the fortification of certain foodstuffs. Section 15(1) of the Foodstuffs, Cosmetics and Disinfectants Act, No. 54 of 1972. Retrieved February 25, 2005, 〈http://www.doh.gov.za/search/default.asp〉]. Despite fortification, nutritive intakes were still significantly less than recommended. Linear programming was then applied to plot the estimated average requirements (EAR) for females (19-50 years) against nutritive content and cost of 100 g cooked product of each of the constituent ingredients of the premix product. Programming constraints were manipulated to identify the most viable ratio of possible ingredients to satisfy the indicated nutritive requirements and affordability. Due to fortification, vitamin A was eliminated as major formulation constraint, enabling satisfaction for vitamin A, zinc, iron and folate. Constraints for pyridoxine, riboflavin and thiamine were alleviated, facilitating product formulation. The provisioning for energy (-5%) and potassium (-7%) were indicated as limitations and relaxed to derive a reasonable answer. However, nutrients naturally restricted in cereal grains and legumes could not be provided for. The approach as developed could be applied by industry and others to enhance affordable and sustained nutrient intake to survival households. © 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	Amino acid score; Dietary reference intakes; Fortification legislation; Linear programming; Product optimisation	Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33744472203	Compositional evaluation of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and scarlet runner bean (Phaseolus coccineus) varieties grown in Nigeria	Olaleke A.M., Olorunfemi O., Akintayo T.E.	2006	Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment	4	2	None	Department of Chemistry, Nasarawa State University, P. M. B. 1022, Keffi, Nigeria; Departmet of Chemistry, University of Ado-Ekiti, P.M.B 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria	Olaleke, A.M., Department of Chemistry, Nasarawa State University, P. M. B. 1022, Keffi, Nigeria; Olorunfemi, O., Departmet of Chemistry, University of Ado-Ekiti, P.M.B 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Akintayo, T.E., Departmet of Chemistry, University of Ado-Ekiti, P.M.B 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria	Dehulled samples of two cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and two scarlet runner bean (Phaseolus coccineus) varieties were studied for nutritional evaluation with respect to proximate, mineral and amino acid composition. The samples contained crude protein in the range of 75.3- 526.1 g kg-1 DM with cream coat scarlet runner beans having the highest and cream coat moderate cowpea the lowest value. The crude fat varied with values ranging from 21.3±0.0 g kg-1 in white coat small cowpea to 75.3±0.1 g kg-1 in white coat scarlet runner bean. Proximate composition ranges were: moisture content 4.0-18.0, crude fibre 24.0-440, ash 36.1- 46.1 and carbohydrate (by difference) 301.1-828.3 g kg-1 DM. The most abundant minerals were Ca (594.2-664.3 g kg-1), Mg (546.1-677.1 g kg-1) and K (357.5-404.8 g kg-1). Generally the two legume varieties were found to be good sources of essential minerals while Co, Pb, Cd and Cr were not detected. The levels of Na/K and Ca/P ratios were desirable compared with the recommended values. The amino acid analysis revealed that all the samples contained nutritionally useful quantities of most of the essential amino acids with total essential amino acid (TEAA) (with His) ranging from 43.79 to 48.31%. The first limiting amino acid was Lys (0.51-0.59) and calculated isoeletric point (ρl) ranged between 5.49 and 5.58.	Amino acids; Cowpea; Mineral content; Proximate analysis; Scarlet runner beans	Phaseolus (angiosperm); Phaseolus coccineus; Vigna unguiculata	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-82755171146	Evaluation of protein and amino acid composition of selected spices grown in the Middle belt region of Nigeria	Aremu M.O., Alade P., Nweze C.C.	2011	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	10	10	None	Department of Chemistry, Nasarawa State University, P.M.B. 1022, Keffi, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, Nasarawa State University, P.M.B. 1022, Keffi, Nigeria	Aremu, M.O., Department of Chemistry, Nasarawa State University, P.M.B. 1022, Keffi, Nigeria; Alade, P., Department of Chemistry, Nasarawa State University, P.M.B. 1022, Keffi, Nigeria; Nweze, C.C., Department of Biochemistry, Nasarawa State University, P.M.B. 1022, Keffi, Nigeria	A study was conducted to determine the suitability of six different spices (pepper, garlic, ginger, onion, curry leaf and tomatoes) with a view to appraising their nutritive values. For this purpose, crude protein and amino acid composition were determined using standard analytical techniques. The result gave crude protein content in percentage as; pepper (20.11), garlic (19.94), ginger (11.43), onion (10.36), curry leaf (25.67) and tomatoes (19.83). The Total Amino Acid (TAA) of pepper, garlic, ginger, onion, curry leaf and tomatoes were: 48.40, 66.25, 39.21, 40.21, 78.08 and 40.30 g/100g crude protein, respectively. The order of calculated isoelectric point (pI) was curry leaf > garlic > pepper > onion = tomatoes > ginger while that of Predicted Protein Efficiency Ratio (P-PER) was garlic > curry leaf > ginger > pepper > onion > tomatoes. The contents of Essential Amino Acid (EAA) in all the spice samples are generally lower than FAO/WHO recommended values except curry leaf which had a balance content of all the EAAs and garlic that was adequate only in Leu and Phe + Tyr based on FAO/WHO provisional pattern. So curry leaf is considered to be a valuable protein source for the human diet. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2011.	Amino acids; Crude protein; Nigeria; Spices	amino acid; leucine; phenylalanine; tyrosine; vegetable protein; amino acid analysis; amino acid composition; article; controlled study; food quality; garlic; ginger; isoelectric point; Murraya koenigii; Nigeria; nonhuman; nutritional value; onion; pepper; prediction; protein content; protein diet; tomato	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84857281840	Chemical evaluation of African palm weevil, Rhychophorus phoenicis, larvae as a food source	Elemo B.O., Elemo G.N., Makinde M.A., Erukainure O.L.	2011	Journal of Insect Science	11	None	10.1673/031.011.14601	Biochemistry Department, Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria; Food Technology Division, Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Lagos, Nigeria; School of Medicine, Ross University, Portsmouth, Dominica	Elemo, B.O., Biochemistry Department, Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria; Elemo, G.N., Food Technology Division, Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Lagos, Nigeria; Makinde, M.A., School of Medicine, Ross University, Portsmouth, Dominica; Erukainure, O.L., Food Technology Division, Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Lagos, Nigeria	The chemical properties of the African palm weevil, Rhychophorus phoenicis (F.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), larvae were evaluated using standard methodology. The chloroform-methanol extract yielded 37.12% on a dry basis. The oil was liquid at room temperature with a flash point of 36.0 °C. Analysis of the physical constants indicated values of 192.25 Wijs and 427.70 mg KOH/g as iodine and saponification, respectively. Fatty acid analysis of the extracted oil showed the presence of unsaturated fatty acids at low levels. Palmitic acid and stearic acid constituted 35.3 and 60.5% of the oil, respectively. The usual behaviour of the oil at room temperature, irrespective of the level of unsaturation of its constituent fatty acid was noted. The total protein content of the defatted palm weevil larva (dry basis) was estimated at 66.3%. The amino acid values compared favourably to FAO reference protein, except for tryptophan, which was limiting. All the other essential amino acids were adequate. Mineral analysis revealed high levels of potassium (1025 mg/100 g) and phosphorus (685 mg/100 g). The dried and defatted palm weevil lava represents a very good source of protein, and a good complement of essential amino acids.	Amino acids; Edible insects; Fatty acids; Minerals	Coleoptera; Curculionidae; Dryophthorinae; Hexapoda; Rhynchophorus phoenicis; animal; article; chemistry; food analysis; larva; protein intake; weevil; Animals; Dietary Proteins; Food Analysis; Larva; Weevils	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953331985	Chemical evaluation of the nutritive value of smooth luffa (Luffa Cylindrica) seed's kernel	Olaofe O., Okiribiti B.Y., Aremu M.O.	2008	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	7	10	None	Department of Chemistry, University of Ado-Ekiti, PMB 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, Nasarawa State University, PMB 1022, Keffi, Nigeria	Olaofe, O., Department of Chemistry, University of Ado-Ekiti, PMB 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Okiribiti, B.Y., Department of Chemistry, University of Ado-Ekiti, PMB 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Aremu, M.O., Department of Chemistry, Nasarawa State University, PMB 1022, Keffi, Nigeria	Proximate, mineral and amino acid composition of smooth luffa (Luffa cylindrica) seeds kernel were investigated using standard analytical techniques. The results gave proximate composition in percentage as: total ash (4.4), organic matter (95.6), moisture (5.8), crude fat (32.7), crude protein (43.1), crude fibre (2.5) and carbohydrate (13.6). Mineral composition (mg/100g sample) of K, Na, Fe, Zn, P, Ca and Mg were 930.0, 26.0, 5.3, 1.0, 700.0, 40.0 and 18.0, respectively which showed that K was the most highly concentrated mineral. The total amino acid was 67.58g/100g crude protein while arginine (Arg) was the most highly concentrated essential amino acid (5.1g/100g protein). The Luffa cylindrica kernel sample had a balance content of essential amino acid in Phe + Tyr alone with respect to the FAO/WHO provisional pattern while supplementation may be required in Ile, Leu, Lys, Met + Cys, Thr and Val. The calculated isoelectric point (pI), predicted protein efficiency ratio (P-PER) and first limiting amino acid were 3.66, 1.49 and Lys, respectively.	Amino acids; Luffa cylindrica kernel; Mineral; Proximate composition	Luffa; Luffa aegyptiaca	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79953085277	Evaluation of hepatoprotective activity of aqeous leaf extract of Swietenia mahogani (Maliaceae) in chronic alcohol-induced liver injury in rats	Udem S., Nwaogu I., Onyejekwe O.	2011	Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences	4	1	10.3889/MJMS.1857-5773.2011.0154	University of Nigeria, Veterinary Physiology/Pharmacology, Enugu State, Nsukka 234, Nigeria; University of Nigeria, Veterinary Anatomy, Enugu State, Nsukka 234, Nigeria	Udem, S., University of Nigeria, Veterinary Physiology/Pharmacology, Enugu State, Nsukka 234, Nigeria; Nwaogu, I., University of Nigeria, Veterinary Anatomy, Enugu State, Nsukka 234, Nigeria; Onyejekwe, O., University of Nigeria, Veterinary Physiology/Pharmacology, Enugu State, Nsukka 234, Nigeria	Aim: This study investigated the hepatoprotective effects of aqueous leaf extract of Swietenia mahogany (Maliaceae) in chronic alcohol-induced liver injury in rats. Material and Methods: The animals were given increasing concentrations (10% ethanol (v/v) in water for 1week, 20% (v/v) for another 2 weeks and 30% (v/v) for 9 weeks) per os daily. Treatment with the extract (250 and 500 mg/kg) was instituted 6 h after given the alcohol for the same period the alcohol intake lasted. Thereafter, the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) were assayed in the serum. The levels of other biochemical markers of organ damage such as total bilirubin and creatinine, as well as pentobarbitone sleeping time were determined. Histological examination of the liver was also performed. Results: The extract at all doses significantly (P<0.05) reduced the serum activities of ALT, AST, AP, serum levels of bilirubin and creatinine in comparison with the negative control that received only alcohol. The duration of pentobarbital induced hypnosis was also significantly shortened. The histopathological result showed significant (P<0.05) protection in the extract treated groups when compared with the group that received alcohol alone. Conclusion: The extract displayed significant (P<0.05) hepatoprotective activity in the model used in this study. © 2011 Udem S.	Aminotransferases; Biochemical markers of organ damage; Hepatoprotection; Histopathology; S. mahogani	alanine aminotransferase; alcohol; alkaline phosphatase; aspartate aminotransferase; pentobarbital; plant extract; Swietenia mahogani extract; unclassified drug; alcohol consumption; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; article; bilirubin blood level; controlled study; creatinine blood level; female; histopathology; hypnosis; liver injury; liver protection; male; medicinal plant; nonhuman; plant leaf; rat; sleep time; Swietenia mahogani	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84899942865	Experimental performance evaluation of an ammonia-fuelled microchannel reformer for hydrogen generation	Chiuta S., Everson R.C., Neomagus H.W.J.P., Bessarabov D.G.	2014	International Journal of Hydrogen Energy	39	14	10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.02.176	HySA Infrastructure Centre of Competence, North-West University, Faculty of Engineering, Private Bag X6001, 2520, South Africa; School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering, North-West University, Faculty of Engineering, Private Bag X6001, 2520, South Africa	Chiuta, S., HySA Infrastructure Centre of Competence, North-West University, Faculty of Engineering, Private Bag X6001, 2520, South Africa, School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering, North-West University, Faculty of Engineering, Private Bag X6001, 2520, South Africa; Everson, R.C., HySA Infrastructure Centre of Competence, North-West University, Faculty of Engineering, Private Bag X6001, 2520, South Africa, School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering, North-West University, Faculty of Engineering, Private Bag X6001, 2520, South Africa; Neomagus, H.W.J.P., HySA Infrastructure Centre of Competence, North-West University, Faculty of Engineering, Private Bag X6001, 2520, South Africa, School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering, North-West University, Faculty of Engineering, Private Bag X6001, 2520, South Africa; Bessarabov, D.G., HySA Infrastructure Centre of Competence, North-West University, Faculty of Engineering, Private Bag X6001, 2520, South Africa	Microchannel reactors appear attractive as integral parts of fuel processors to generate hydrogen (H2) for portable and distributed fuel cell applications. The work described in this paper evaluates, characterizes, and demonstrates miniaturized H2 production in a stand-alone ammonia-fuelled microchannel reformer. The performance of the microchannel reformer is investigated as a function of reaction temperature (450-700 °C) and gas-hourly-space-velocity (6520-32,600 Nml g cat -1 h-1). The reformer operated in a daily start-up and shut-down (DSS)-like mode for a total 750 h comprising of 125 cycles, all to mimic frequent intermittent operation envisaged for fuel cell systems. The reformer exhibited remarkable operation demonstrating 98.7% NH 3 conversion at 32,600 Nml gcat -1 h -1 and 700 °C to generate an estimated fuel cell power output of 5.7 We and power density of 16 kWe L-1 (based on effective reactor volume). At the same time, reformer operation yielded low pressure drop (&lt;10 Pa mm-1) for all conditions considered. Overall, the microchannel reformer performed sufficiently exceptional to warrant serious consideration in supplying H2 to fuel cell systems. Copyright © 2014, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Ammonia decomposition; Fuel cells; Hydrogen generation; Microchannel reactor; Performance evaluation	Ammonia; Fuel cells; Fuel systems; Hydrogen production; Ammonia decomposition; Experimental performance evaluations; Fuel cell application; Hydrogen generations; Intermittent operation; Micro channel reactors; Microchannel reformers; Performance evaluation; Microchannels	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84922459714	Performance evaluation of a high-throughput microchannel reactor for ammonia decomposition over a commercial Ru-based catalyst	Chiuta S., Everson R.C., Neomagus H.W.J.P., Bessarabov D.G.	2015	International Journal of Hydrogen Energy	40	7	10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.01.003	HySA Infrastructure Centre of Competence, North-West University, Faculty of Engineering, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom Campus, South Africa; School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering, North-West University, Faculty of Engineering, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom Campus, South Africa	Chiuta, S., HySA Infrastructure Centre of Competence, North-West University, Faculty of Engineering, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom Campus, South Africa, School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering, North-West University, Faculty of Engineering, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom Campus, South Africa; Everson, R.C., HySA Infrastructure Centre of Competence, North-West University, Faculty of Engineering, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom Campus, South Africa, School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering, North-West University, Faculty of Engineering, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom Campus, South Africa; Neomagus, H.W.J.P., HySA Infrastructure Centre of Competence, North-West University, Faculty of Engineering, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom Campus, South Africa, School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering, North-West University, Faculty of Engineering, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom Campus, South Africa; Bessarabov, D.G., HySA Infrastructure Centre of Competence, North-West University, Faculty of Engineering, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom Campus, South Africa	In this work, the prospect of producing hydrogen (H2) via ammonia (NH3) decomposition was evaluated in an experimental stand-alone microchannel reactor wash-coated with a commercial Ruthenium-based catalyst. The reactor performance was investigated under atmospheric pressure as a function of reaction temperature (723-873 K) and gas-hourly-space-velocity (65.2-326.1 Nl gcat -1 h-1). Ammonia conversion of 99.8% was demonstrated at 326.1 Nl gcat -1 h-1 and 873 K. The H2 produced at this operating condition was sufficient to yield an estimated fuel cell power output of 60 We and power density of 164 kWe L-1. Overall, the microchannel reactor considered here outperformed the Ni-based microstructured system used in our previous work. © 2015 Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC.	Ammonia decomposition; Fuel cells; Hydrogen generation; Microchannel reactor; Performance evaluation; Ruthenium catalyst	Ammonia; Atmospheric pressure; Catalysts; Fuel cells; Hydrogen; Hydrogen production; Ruthenium; Ammonia decomposition; Hydrogen generations; Micro channel reactors; Performance evaluation; Ruthenium catalysts; Microchannels	85309, NRF, Neurosurgical Research Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-80052844221	Assessment of the impact of kerosene and diesel on soil nitrogen mineralisation	Orji J.C., Uzoho B., Enwerem J.O., Ezurike W.	2011	African Journal of Agricultural Research	6	11	None	Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B.1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria	Orji, J.C., Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B.1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria; Uzoho, B., Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B.1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria; Enwerem, J.O., Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B.1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria; Ezurike, W., Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B.1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria	Effects of different concentrations (1, 2 and 5% v/w) of diesel and kerosene on N mineralization were studied in a sandy loam soil. Relative to the untreated soil, higher ammonium-N levels were obtained in samples treated with all the concentrations of kerosene and diesel from the second and third weeks of incubation respectively while extents of nitrate-N production differed. Net N-mineralization was 17.211 mg mineral-N/kg soil in untreated soil and -11.753 mg mineral-N/kg soil and -26.562 mg mineral-N/kg soil respectively in soils treated with 5% kerosene and diesel after six weeks incubation. Net nitrification was 29.90 mg NO 3-N/kg soil in untreated soil and -9.35 mg NO 3-N/kg soil and -22. NO 3-N/kg soil respectively in soils treated with 5% kerosene and diesel after six weeks incubation. Overall mineralization rates were highest (13.01 mg N/kg soil per week) in untreated soil. Rates were lower in diesel than in kerosene treated soils. Inhibition of net N mineralisation ranged from of 139.31 to 168.29% and 90.41 to 254.34% after sixth week incubation for kerosene and diesel-treated soils respectively. The toxicity of diesel and kerosene treatment on nitrogen mineralization in the soil is due more to their effects on ammonium-N than on nitrate-N production. © 2011 Academic Journals.	Ammonium; Diesel and kerosene; Mineralisation; Nitrate; Nitrification	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84901931859	The dimensions of oil conflict and impact on Nigeria's federal relations: A review	Akume A.T.	2014	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	5	10 SPEC. ISSUE	10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n10p222	Department Of Public Administration, CASSS, Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna, Nigeria	Akume, A.T., Department Of Public Administration, CASSS, Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna, Nigeria	Conflict is a natural human phenomenon. Its impact is however variegated and dependent on how it is handled. Nigeria is encumbered by conflicts that are occurring along political, social and economic fronts. Oil (petroleum) is an economic resource relevant to Nigeria's development but the disruptive disagreement, discontent and contention oil has continued to generate due to some perceived unfairness has made oil conflict to transcend economic, politics and social lines such that the entire national polity is tensed with strained relationships between groups on the one hand and on the other hand between groups and the state. This disagreement has significantly impaired Nigeria's developmental process. It is against this backdrop that this paper utilizing the documentary method and analytic approach examines the dimensions of oil conflict, the modes of its resolution and its impact on Nigeria.	Amnesty; And resource control; Conflict; Deprivation; Derivation; Frustration; Interest; Militancy; Niger-delta; Oil	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84901597409	Evaluation of the comparative efficacy and safety of artemether- lumefantrine, artesunate-amodiaquine and artesunate-amodiaquine-chlorpheniramine (Artemoclo™) for the treatment of acute uncomplicated malaria in Nigerian children	Falade C.O., Dada-Adegbola H.O., Ogunkunle O.O., Oguike M.C., Nash O., Ademowo O.G.	2014	Medical Principles and Practice	23	3	10.1159/000360578	Departments of Pharmacology, Therapeutics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200001, Nigeria; Departments of Medical Microbiology, Nigeria; Departments of Paediatrics, Nigeria; Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, Costa Ri	Falade, C.O., Departments of Pharmacology, Therapeutics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200001, Nigeria, Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, Costa Rica; Dada-Adegbola, H.O., Departments of Medical Microbiology, Nigeria; Ogunkunle, O.O., Departments of Paediatrics, Nigeria; Oguike, M.C., Immunology and Infection Department, London School of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, London, United Kingdom; Nash, O., NABDA-Southwest Biotechnology Center of Excellence, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Ademowo, O.G., Departments of Pharmacology, Therapeutics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200001, Nigeria, NABDA-Southwest Biotechnology Center of Excellence, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Objective: To evaluate the comparative efficacy and safety of artemether-lumefantrine (AL), artesunate-amodiaquine (ASAQ) and artesunate-amodiaquine-chlorpheniramine (AQC) for the treatment of acute uncomplicated malaria among Southwest Nigerian children. Subjects and Methods: One hundred and sixty children aged 6 months to 14 years with acute uncomplicated malaria were randomized to AL (n = 53), ASAQ (n = 53), or AQC (n = 54). Enrollees were seen daily on days 0-3 and then on days 7, 14, 21, 28 and 42 for clinical and parasitological evaluations. Paired samples of genomic DNA at enrolment and at the time of recurrent parasitaemia were genotyped using nested PCR to distinguish between reinfection and recrudescence. Detailed haematological and biochemical evaluations were carried out in a subset of enrollees on days 0, 7 and 28 as part of a safety evaluation. Results: Of the 160 children, 144 (90%) completed the study. The mean fever clearance times and parasite clearance times for AL, ASAQ and AQC were comparable (p = 0.94 and p = 0.122, respectively). On day 14, the adequate clinical and parasitological response (ACPR) for AL and AQC was 100% and for ASAQ it was 90% (p = 0.39). The PCR-uncorrected results on days 28 and 42 and the ACPR-corrected results on day 42 were similar for all drugs (p = 0.62 and p = 0.56, respectively). AQC resulted in the best parasite clearance and haematological recovery on day 2 (p = 0.022 and p = 0.018, respectively). Biochemical parameters were not adversely affected by the three artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) and these were well tolerated. Conclusion: The three ACTs were efficacious and safe, but AQC resulted in a better haematological recovery on day 2 and higher cure rates throughout the study period. © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel.	Amodiaquine; Artemether; Artesunate; Childhood malaria; Chlorpheniramine; Lumefantrine	amodiaquine; antimalarial agent; antipyretic analgesic agent; artemether plus benflumetol; artemocolo; artesunate; artesunate plus amodiaquine plus chlorpheniramine; bilirubin; chloroquine; genomic DNA; unclassified drug; amodiaquine; amodiaquine, artesunate drug combination; antimalarial agent; artemether; artemisinin derivative; benflumetol; chlorpheniramine; drug combination; ethanolamine derivative; fluorene derivative; alanine aminotransferase; amodiaquine plus artesunate; amodiaquine plus artesunate plus chlorpheniramine; antimalarial agent; artemether plus benflumetol; aspartate aminotransferase; creatinine; genomic DNA; abdominal pain; adolescent; adult; anorexia; article; bilirubin blood level; child; childhood disease; chill; comparative effectiveness; controlled study; convulsion; coughing; diarrhea; drug efficacy; drug fever; drug safety; drug withdrawal; female; follow up; genotype; headache; human; infant; irritability; major clinical study; malaria; male; multicenter study; Nigeria; open study; parasite clearance; parasitemia; polymerase chain reaction; randomized controlled trial; reinfection; rigor; side effect; vomiting; drug combination; genome; malaria; preschool child; alanine aminotransferase blood level; Article; aspartate aminotransferase blood level; chemotherapy induced emesis; comparative effectiveness; convalescence; creatinine blood level; drowsiness; drug induced headache; drug safety; evaluation study; fever; hematocrit; malaria falciparum; Nigerian; treatment outcome; Adolescent; Amodiaquine; Antimalarials; Artemisinins; Child; Child, Preschool; Chlorpheniramine; Drug Combinations; Drug Therapy, Combination; Ethanolamines; Female; Fluorenes; Genome, Protozoan; Humans; Infant; Malaria; Male; Nigeria; Polymerase Chain Reaction	None
None	None	Monitoring of efficacy and safety of artemisinin-based anti-malarials for treatment of uncomplicated malaria: A review of evidence of implementation of anti-malarial therapeutic efficacy trials in Tanzania	Shayo A., Buza J., Ishengoma D.S.	2015	Malaria Journal	14	1	10.1186/s12936-015-0649-8	Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, P.O Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania; National Institute for Medical Research, Tanga Research Centre, P.O Box 5004, Tanga, Tanzania	Shayo, A., Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, P.O Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania; Buza, J., Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, P.O Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania; Ishengoma, D.S., National Institute for Medical Research, Tanga Research Centre, P.O Box 5004, Tanga, Tanzania	Abstract Background: Prompt diagnosis and effective treatment are considered the cornerstones of malaria control and artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) is currently the main anti-malarial drugs used for case management. After deployment of ACT due to widespread parasite resistance to the cheap and widely used anti-malarial drugs, chloroquine and sulphadoxine/pyrimethamine, the World Health Organization recommends regular surveillance to monitor the efficacy of the new drugs. The present paper assessed the implementation of anti-malarial efficacy testing for monitoring the therapeutic efficacy of ACT for treatment of uncomplicated malaria in Tanzania before and after policy changes in 2006. Methods: A literature search was performed for published clinical trials conducted in Tanzania from 2001 to 2014. It focused on studies which assessed at least one form of ACT for treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in children less than 10 years and reported efficacy and safety of the tested anti-malarials. References were imported into the Endnote library and duplicates removed. An electronic matrix was developed in Microsoft Excel followed by full text review with predetermined criteria. Studies were independently assessed and information related to ACT efficacy and safety extracted. Results: Nine papers were selected from 125 papers screened. The efficacy of both artemether-lumefantrine (AL) and artesunate-amodiaquine (AS + AQ) against uncomplicated P. falciparum infections in Tanzania was high with PCR-corrected cure rates on day 28 of 91-100% and 88-93.8%, respectively. The highest day-3 parasite positivity rate was 1.4%. Adverse events ranged from mild to serious but were not directly attributed to the drugs. Conclusion: ACT is efficacious and safe for treatment of uncomplicated malaria in Tanzania. However, few trials were conducted in Tanzania before and after policy changes in 2006 and thus more surveillance should be urgently undertaken to detect future changes in parasite sensitivity to ACT. © 2015 Shayo et al.	Amodiaquine; Artemether; Artesunate; Combination therapy; Efficacy; Lumefantrine; Plasmodium falciparum and Tanzania; Safety	amodiaquine; artemether; artesunate; benflumetol; Article; drug blood level; drug efficacy; drug monitoring; drug safety; human; malaria falciparum; parasite clearance; systematic review; Tanzania; treatment outcome	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84858210780	In-vivo evaluation of the antiplasmodial effect of amodiaquine and amodiaquine-promethazine combination in Plasmodium berghei Infected mice	Olalubi O.A., Ogunlana O.E., Fagbemi O.B.	2011	International Journal of Health Research	4	2	None	Department of Biological Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Crawford University, Igbesa, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	Olalubi, O.A., Department of Biological Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Crawford University, Igbesa, Nigeria; Ogunlana, O.E., Department of Biological Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Crawford University, Igbesa, Nigeria; Fagbemi, O.B., Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	Purpose: Antihistamine H1 receptor antagonists like promethazine(PR)are capable of reversing resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to some antimalarials drugs like amodiaquine(AQ). This work was carried out to evaluate the antiplasmodial activity of amodiaquine and amodiaquine-promethazine combination in Plasmodium berghei infected mice. Methods: Groups of mice(112)infected with chloroquine resistant Plasmodium berghei ANKA strain were treated with 10mg/kg amodiaquine alone for three days or 10mg/kg AQ combined with graded doses(10, 20, 30, 40, 50 mg/kg)of PR twice daily over 7 days). Thin blood films were used to assess parasitemia for 60 days. Results: Therapeutic effect of AQ combined with graded doses of PR was dose-dependent with the combination of AQ and the highest concentration of PR(50mg/kg)having the shortest parasite clearance time(PCT)(1.28± 0.49)days and longest recrudescence time(RT)of(17.33±11.86 days)compare to AQ alone. The mean PCT was significantly reduced as doses of PR increased up to 50mg/kg(P<0.01). The survival rates(93.8% and 50%)in the group of animals receiving 50mg/kg of PR plus AQ and AQ alone, respectively were significantly different(P<0.01). Conclusion: Promethazine potentiates the therapeutic effects of amodiaquine against the chloroquine resistant P. berghei infection in male albino mice. © Poracom Academic Publishers. All rights reserved.	Amodiaquine; Parasitemia; Plasmodium berghei; Promethazine	amodiaquine; promethazine; animal cell; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; antiprotozoal activity; article; combination chemotherapy; controlled study; disease association; dose response; drug dose increase; drug effect; drug efficacy; in vivo study; inoculation; intermethod comparison; male; monotherapy; mouse; nonhuman; outcome assessment; parasite identification; Plasmodium berghei; Plasmodium berghei infection; survival rate	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33750696681	Pre-deployment evaluation of amorphous silicon photovoltaic modules	Radue C., van Dyk E.E.	2007	Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells	91	42403	10.1016/j.solmat.2006.07.007	Department of Physics, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa	Radue, C., Department of Physics, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa; van Dyk, E.E., Department of Physics, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa	In this study, the indoor evaluation of amorphous silicon modules was conducted using extended visual inspection and various electrical characterisation tools. The visual inspection, which included low-magnification optical microscopy, revealed several defects resulting from physical damage and bad scribing. These defects, as well as poor material quality, are likely contributors to the degradation in performance observed during the measurement of current-voltage characteristics under standard conditions, as well as at different temperature and irradiance levels. The observed degradation is carefully analysed in this paper. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Amorphous silicon; Current-voltage characteristics; Photovoltaic modules	Amorphous silicon; Current voltage characteristics; Defects; Optical microscopy; Material quality; Photovoltaic modules; Photovoltaic cells	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883383987	Impact of treating young children with antimalarials with or without antibiotics on morbidity: A cluster-randomized controlled trial in ghana	Chinbuah M.A., Adjuik M., Cobelens F., Koram K.A., Abbey M., Gyapong M., Kager P.A., Gyapong J.O.	2013	International Health	5	3	10.1093/inthealth/iht021	Research and Development Division, Ghana Health Service, PM Bag 190, Accra, Ghana; The International Network for the Demographic Evaluation of Populations, Their Health in Developing Countries (INDEPTH), Accra, Ghana; Department of Global Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22700, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, PO Box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Dodowa Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, PO Box 1, Dodowa, Dangme-West District, Ghana; Department of Infectious Diseases, Tropical Medicine and AIDS, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22700, Amsterdam, Netherlands; School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, PO Box LG-13, Legon, Accra, Ghana	Chinbuah, M.A., Research and Development Division, Ghana Health Service, PM Bag 190, Accra, Ghana; Adjuik, M., The International Network for the Demographic Evaluation of Populations, Their Health in Developing Countries (INDEPTH), Accra, Ghana; Cobelens, F., Department of Global Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22700, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Koram, K.A., Department of Epidemiology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, PO Box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Abbey, M., Research and Development Division, Ghana Health Service, PM Bag 190, Accra, Ghana; Gyapong, M., Dodowa Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, PO Box 1, Dodowa, Dangme-West District, Ghana; Kager, P.A., Department of Infectious Diseases, Tropical Medicine and AIDS, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22700, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Gyapong, J.O., Research and Development Division, Ghana Health Service, PM Bag 190, Accra, Ghana, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, PO Box LG-13, Legon, Accra, Ghana	Background: Community health workers in Dangme-West district, Ghana, treated children aged 2-59 months with fever with either artesunate-amodiaquine (AAQ) or AAQ plus amoxicillin (AAQ + AMX) within a clusterrandomized controlled trial (registration no. TDR/UNDP Trial registration A: 20189). The intervention was introduced in a stepped-wedge manner. The aim of the study was reduction of mortality. This paper reports on the reduction of morbidity, notably anaemia, severe anaemia and severe illness. Clusters of 100 children were randomized in to AAQ, AAQ + AMX and pre-intervention arms. Six months later the pre-intervention clusters were randomized in to the AAQ and AAQ + AMX arms. Methods: Data were collected in eight cross-sectional surveys. Using stratified sampling, 10 clusters were randomly selected per survey. Blood samples were taken to assess haemoglobin. Caregivers were interviewed about diseases (signs and symptoms) among their children in the preceding 14 days. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the impact on anaemia, severe anaemia and severe illness. Results: Compared with the pre-intervention clusters, anaemia was reduced in the AAQ (OR=0.20, 95% CI 0.12-0.33) and AAQ+ AMX (OR=0.23, 95% CI 0.15-0.36) clusters, severe anaemia was reduced in the AAQ (OR=0.20, 95% CI 0.09-0.45) and AAQ+ AMX (OR=0.12, 95% CI 0.04-0.31) clusters and severe illness was reduced in the AAQ (OR=0.46, 95% CI 0.26-0.80) and AAQ+ AMX (OR= 0.38, 95% CI 0.22-0.63) clusters. No significant differences were found in outcome variables between the AAQ and AAQ+ AMX clusters. Conclusions: Treating fever with antimalarials significantly reduced the prevalence of anaemia, severe anaemia and severe illness.We found no significant reduction in outcomes when the AAQ and AAQ+AMX clusters were compared. © The Author 2013. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. All rights reserved.	Amoxicillin; Anaemia; Artesunate; Children; Community; Fever	amodiaquine plus artesunate; amoxicillin; hemoglobin; anemia; antibiotic therapy; antimicrobial therapy; article; caregiver; child; childhood mortality; controlled study; cross-sectional study; female; fever; Ghana; health survey; hemoglobin blood level; human; infant; interview; major clinical study; male; morbidity; open study; pneumonia; preschool child; priority journal; randomized controlled trial; respiratory tract infection; treatment outcome; Amoxicillin; Anaemia; Artesunate; Children; Community; Fever; Amodiaquine; Amoxicillin; Anemia; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antimalarials; Artemisinins; Caregivers; Child, Preschool; Community Health Workers; Drug Combinations; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Fever; Ghana; Hemoglobins; Humans; Infant; Interviews as Topic; Logistic Models; Malaria; Male; Multivariate Analysis; Severity of Illness Index	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883700146	Evaluation and comparison of in-vitro dissolution profiles for different brands of amoxicillin capsules	Kassaye L., Genete G.	2013	African Health Sciences	13	2	10.4314/ahs.v13i2.25	Food and Medicine quality Control Laboratory, Food, Medicine and Healthcare Administration and Control Authority, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Kassaye, L., Food and Medicine quality Control Laboratory, Food, Medicine and Healthcare Administration and Control Authority, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Genete, G., Food and Medicine quality Control Laboratory, Food, Medicine and Healthcare Administration and Control Authority, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Background: Amoxicillin is an oral semi-synthetic, β-lactam antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections caused by susceptible micro organisms. It is usually prepared in capsule, tablet and powder for oral suspension form. Solid dosage forms for oral administration pose bioavailability problems related to the absorption process The World Health Organization (WHO) has promoted the use of generic brands in order to make the cost of medicines affordable. Generic substitution could be considered when a generic copy of a reference drug contains identical amounts of the same active ingredient in the same dose formulation and route of administration. However, the presences of generic products those are not interchangeable with that of the innovator and/or with each others have been reported. Objective: To evaluate and compare the in-vitro dissolution profiles of different generic brands of amoxicillin capsules with the innovator that are available in Ethiopian market. Methods: Dissolution profiles for nine brands of amoxicillin capsules contained amoxicillin 500 mg which are available in Ethiopian market were determined using a method from the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP, 2009). The obtained dissolution profile data of the eight brands were evaluated and compared with the innovator brand (Amoxil™) using two different statistical methods: the fit factors (f1 & f2) and the dissolution efficiency (D.E.) model. Most generic brands of amoxicillin capsules (62.5% of the tested brands) are not interchangeable with the innovator brand. Results: The calculated f1 factor for Brand A and Brand G are 10.1 and 1.1 respectively. However, for the rest six brands the f1 factors are greater than 15. The f2 factor for Brand G is 74.1 and for Brand A is 48.5 which is near to 50. Similarly, the f2 factors for the six brands are less than 50 which support the result of the f1 factors for the dissimilarity of these brands with the innovator brand. The mean dissolution efficiencies as well as the 95% confidence intervals are within ±10% only for two brands, Brand F and Brand G. Conclusion: Most generic brands of amoxicillin capsules (62.5%) are not interchangeable with the innovator brand (Amoxil™).	Amoxicillin; Dissolution profile; Evaluation and comparison	amoxicillin; generic drug; article; comparative study; controlled study; drug capsule; drug solubility; drug structure; in vitro study; tablet disintegration time; amoxicillin; Dissolution profile; evaluation and comparison; Amoxicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biological Availability; Capsules; Ethiopia; Solubility	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84896042349	Evaluation of the deposition, translocation and pathological response of brake dust with and without added chrysotile in comparison to crocidolite asbestos following short-term inhalation: Interim results	Bernstein D.M., Rogers R., Sepulveda R., Kunzendorf P., Bellmann B., Ernst H., Phillips J.I.	2014	Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology	276	1	10.1016/j.taap.2014.01.016	Consultant in Toxicology, 1208 Geneva, Switzerland; Rogers Imaging, Needham, MA 02494, United States; GSA Gesellschaft für Schadstoffanalytik mbH, D-40882 Ratingen, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, D-30625 Hannover, Germany; National Institute for Occupational Health, National Health Laboratory Service, South Africa; Department of Biomedical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, South Africa	Bernstein, D.M., Consultant in Toxicology, 1208 Geneva, Switzerland; Rogers, R., Rogers Imaging, Needham, MA 02494, United States; Sepulveda, R., Rogers Imaging, Needham, MA 02494, United States; Kunzendorf, P., GSA Gesellschaft für Schadstoffanalytik mbH, D-40882 Ratingen, Germany; Bellmann, B., Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, D-30625 Hannover, Germany; Ernst, H., Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, D-30625 Hannover, Germany; Phillips, J.I., National Institute for Occupational Health, National Health Laboratory Service, South Africa, Department of Biomedical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, South Africa	Chrysotile has been frequently used in the past in manufacturing brakes and continues to be used in brakes in many countries. This study was designed to provide an understanding of the biokinetics and potential toxicology following inhalation of brake dust following short term exposure in rats. The deposition, translocation and pathological response of brake dust derived from brake pads manufactured with chrysotile were evaluated in comparison to the amphibole, crocidolite asbestos. Rats were exposed by inhalation 6h/day for 5days to either brake dust obtained by sanding of brake-drums manufactured with chrysotile, a mixture of chrysotile and the brake dust or crocidolite asbestos. No significant pathological response was observed at any time point in either the brake dust or chrysotile/brake dust exposure groups. The long chrysotile fibers (&gt;20μm) cleared quickly with T1/2 estimated as 30 and 33days, respectively in the brake dust and the chrysotile/brake dust exposure groups. In contrast, the long crocidolite fibers had a T1/2&gt;1000days and initiated a rapid inflammatory response in the lung following exposure resulting in a 5-fold increase in fibrotic response within 91days. These results provide support that brake dust derived from chrysotile containing brake drums would not initiate a pathological response in the lung following short term inhalation. © 2014 The Authors.	Amphibole asbestos; Brake dust; Chrysotile; Inhalation toxicology; Lung/pleura; Pathology	amphibole; chrysotile; crocidolite; air monitoring; air sampling; animal experiment; animal tissue; article; atmospheric deposition; clinical examination; connective tissue; controlled study; diaphragm; dust; dust exposure; ecotoxicology; exhaust gas; histopathology; inhalation; lung parenchyma; nonhuman; rat; tissue preparation; Rattus; Amphibole asbestos; Brake dust; Chrysotile; Inhalation toxicology; Lung/pleura; Pathology; Animals; Asbestos, Crocidolite; Asbestos, Serpentine; Asbestosis; Disease Models, Animal; Dust; Half-Life; Industry; Inhalation Exposure; Lung; Male; Materials Testing; Motor Vehicles; Occupational Diseases; Physicochemical Phenomena; Protective Devices; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Respiratory Mucosa; Tissue Distribution; Toxicity Tests, Acute	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84886729692	The impact of non-native rainbow trout within Afro-montane streams in eastern Zimbabwe	Kadye W.T., Chakona A., Marufu L.T., Samukange T.	2013	Hydrobiologia	720	1	10.1007/s10750-013-1624-4	Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa; South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Private Bag 1015, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, PO Box MP 167, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe	Kadye, W.T., Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa; Chakona, A., South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Private Bag 1015, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa; Marufu, L.T., Department of Biological Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, PO Box MP 167, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Samukange, T., Department of Biological Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, PO Box MP 167, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe	Non-native trout species have been associated with many negative effects in receiving ecosystems. The first aim of this study was to determine the impact of non-native rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss on distribution and abundance of native mountain catfish Amphilius uranoscopus within Afro-montane streams in Nyanga Mountains, eastern Zimbabwe. The second aim was to compare macro-invertebrate community responses to the presence of the trout and the catfish. We examined trout impact on catfish's habitat associations, whereas macro-invertebrate composition was compared using open fish and fish exclosure experiments in habitats with and without trout. Trout influenced both the distribution and abundance of the catfish that occupied shallow reaches possibly to avoid predation from trout that occurred in the deeper habitats. Within trout invaded reaches, most macro-invertebrate taxa were more abundant in exclosure than open treatments. By contrast, within trout-free reaches, most macro-invertebrates either did not differ between treatments or were generally more abundant in open than exclosure treatments. This suggests that the macro-invertebrate communities responded differently within invaded and non-invaded reaches. By influencing distribution and abundance of native biota, non-native rainbow trout may have wider ecological effects, such as influencing trophic interrelationships within invaded habitats. © 2013 The Author(s).	Amphilius uranoscopus; Invasions; Macro-invertebrates; Physical habitat; Rainbow trout	abundance; biota; fish; habitat; macroinvertebrate; mountain; predation; stream; Zimbabwe; Amphilius uranoscopus; Invertebrata; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Salmonidae	BES, British Ecological Society
Scopus	2-s2.0-84959542660	Drive performance for able-bodied and disabled golfers	Kenny I.C., Campbell M.J., Surmon S., Bressan L.	2015	International Journal of Sports Science and Coaching	10	4	None	Biomechanics Research Unit, University of Limerick, Ireland; Centre for Human Performance Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa	Kenny, I.C., Biomechanics Research Unit, University of Limerick, Ireland; Campbell, M.J., Biomechanics Research Unit, University of Limerick, Ireland; Surmon, S., Centre for Human Performance Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Bressan, L., Centre for Human Performance Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa	Golf is a popular leisure and competitive activity for individuals with disabilities. The current golf handicap system does not take into account the possible challenges of playing golf with any form of physical disability. The aim of this study was to examine golf driving performance measures, comparing golfers with various types of physical disabilities to able-bodied golfers. Through drive shot ball launch analysis, this study compared amputees (single leg, below and above knee), deaf, visually impaired, polio, Les Autres and arthrogryposis golfers to able-bodied golfers with similar golf handicaps. Twenty-seven able-bodied (handicap category 3, 12.4 ± 7.0) and 15 disabled (handicap category 3, 18.2 ± 9.2) hit 10 drives each. Able-bodied golfers presented longer but less accurate drives (208.1 m carry, 4.6 m lateral deviation), and concomitant higher club head and ball velocity than disabled golfers (157.6 m carry, 6.O m lateral deviation) [p<O.OO1]. The apparent difference in outcome performance cannot be fully accounted for by the small difference in golf handicap score, thus disabled golfers appear to be penalised/disadvantaged by the current golf handicap classification rules.	Amputee; Arthrogryposis; Deaf; Disabled golf; Golf shot performance analysis; Lés Autres; Post-polio syndrome	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84946839797	Paralympic sprint performance between 1992 and 2012	Grobler L., Ferreira S., Terblanche E.	2015	International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance	10	8	10.1123/ijspp.2014-0560	Dept of Sport Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Grobler, L., Dept of Sport Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Ferreira, S., Dept of Sport Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Terblanche, E., Dept of Sport Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa	The Paralympic Games have undergone many changes since their inception in 1960, one being the advances made in runningspecific prostheses (RSPs) for track athletes with lower-limb amputations. Purpose: To investigate the sprinting-performance changes in athletes with lower-limb amputations since 1992 to assess whether the influence of developments in RSP technology is evident. Methods: The results of the Olympic and Paralympic Games ranging between 1992 and 2012 for the 100-m and 200-m were collected, and performance trends, percentage change in performance, and competition density (CD) were calculated. Results: The results indicate that the greatest performance increases were seen in athletes with lower-limb amputations (T42 = 26%, T44 = 14%). These performance improvements were greater than for Olympic athletes (<3%), as well as Paralympic athletes from other selected classes (<10%). The T42 and T44 classes also showed the lowest CD values. Discussion: These results suggest that although there is an overall trend for improved Paralympic sprint performances, RSP technology has played a noteworthy role in the progression of performances of athletes with amputations. It is also hypothesized that the difference in the performance improvements between the T42 and T44 classes is due to the level of disability and therefore the extent to which technology is required to enable locomotion. Conclusion: It is evident that RSP technology has played a significant role in the progression of performances in athletes with lower-limb amputations. © 2015 Human Kinetics, Inc.	Amputees; Performance trends; Running-specific prosthesis; Sprinting; Technology	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84951171560	Development and comparative study of effects of training algorithms on performance of artificial neural network based analog and digital automatic modulation recognition	Popoola J.J., Van Olst R.	2015	Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Review	8	4	None	Centre for Telecommunications Access and Services, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of The Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Ondo State, Akure, Nigeria	Popoola, J.J., Centre for Telecommunications Access and Services, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of The Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits, Johannesburg, South Africa; Van Olst, R., Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Ondo State, Akure, Nigeria	This paper proposes two new classifiers that automatically recognise twelve combined analog and digital modulated signals without any a priori knowledge of the modulation schemes and the modulation parameters. The classifiers are developed using pattern recognition approach. Feature keys extracted from the instantaneous amplitude, instantaneous phase and the spectrum symmetry of the simulated signals are used as inputs to the artificial neural network employed in developing the classifiers. The two developed classifiers are trained using scaled conjugate gradient (SCG) and conjugate gradient (CONJGRAD) training algorithms. Sample results of the two classifiers show good success recognition performance with an average overall recognition rate above 99.50% at signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) value from 0 dB and above with the two training algorithms employed and an average overall recognition rate slightly above 99.00% and 96.40% respectively at-5 dB SNR value for SCG and CONJGRAD training algorithms. The comparative performance evaluation of the two developed classifiers using the two training algorithms shows that the two training algorithms have different effects on both the response rate and efficiency of the two developed artificial neural networks classifiers. In addition, the result of the performance evaluation carried out on the overall success recognition rates between the two developed classifiers in this study using pattern recognition approach with the two training algorithms and one reported classifier in surveyed literature using decision-theoretic approach shows that the classifiers developed in this study perform favourably with regard to accuracy and performance probability as compared to classifier presented in previous study. © 2015 Kavala Institute of Technology.	AMR development approaches; Artificial neural networks classification; Automatic modulation recognition (AMR); Modulation recognition families	Algorithms; Amplitude modulation; Conjugate gradient method; Neural networks; Pattern recognition; Signal to noise ratio; Surveys; Automatic modulation recognition; Comparative performance; Decision theoretic approach; Development approach; Instantaneous amplitude; Modulation recognition; Neural networks classifiers; Scaled conjugate gradients; Modulation	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34547896682	Evaluation of microorganisms from cassava waste water for production of amylase and cellulase	Arotupin D.J.	2007	Research Journal of Microbiology	2	5	None	Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria	Arotupin, D.J., Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria	Microorganisms associated with cassava waste water-byproduct of cassava processing obtained from five different factories within Akure, Nigeria were investigated. The associated microorganisms were counted and isolated by standard microbiological methods. The highest microbial counts were recorded in factory 5 with 8.02×105 cfu mL-1 and 5.00×102 sfu mL-1 for bacteria and fungi, respectively, while factory 2 had the least counts of 2.33×105 cfu mL-1 and 3.20×102 sfu mL-1 for bacteria and fungi. The bacteria isolated were Aercoccus viridens, Bacillus substilis, Bacillus sp. Corynebacterium manihot and Lactobacillus acidophilus, while fungal isolates included Aspergillus fumigatus, A. niger, A. repens, Articulospora inflata and Geotrichum candidum. The yeasts were Candida utilis and Saccharomyces exguus. The pH values and titratable acidity (TTA) ranged from 3.55 to 4.02 and 9.50 to 13.01%, respectively. All the microbial isolates were screened for production of amylase and cellulase, Aerococcus viridens, Bacillus sp. Corynebacterium manihot, A. niger, Articulospora inflata, Geotrichum candidum and Candida utilis were positive for amylase and cellulase. Bacillus substilis, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Saccharomyces exguus were positive for amylase only, while A. fumigatus and A. repens were positive for cellulase only. Cassava processing water regarded as waste water, hence discharged into the environment constituting nuisance to tenestrial and aquatic life could be explored as a source of microorganisms capable of producing amylase and cellulase for industrial applications. © 2007 Academic Journals.	Amylase; Cassava waste water; Cellulase; Factory; Microbial count	Aerococcus; Articulospora; Aspergillus fumigatus; Bacillus (bacterium); Bacillus sp.; Bacteria (microorganisms); Corynebacterium; Fungi; Galactomyces geotrichum; Lactobacillus acidophilus; Manihot; Manihot esculenta; Pichia jadinii; Saccharomyces	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84861776235	Deep underwater seismic explosion experiments and their possible ecological impact - The case of Lake Arenguade - Central Ethiopian highlands	Girma M.B., Kifle D., Jebessa H.	2012	Limnologica	42	3	10.1016/j.limno.2011.12.002	Department of Molecular Biology, Umea University, Umea, Sweden; Department of Biology, Addis, Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Girma, M.B., Department of Molecular Biology, Umea University, Umea, Sweden; Kifle, D., Department of Biology, Addis, Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Jebessa, H., Department of Biology, Addis, Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	The study was conducted in Lake Arenguade (Lake Haro Hadho) from 2008 to 2009 and results were compared with previous studies conducted by different authors since the 1960s. The study included the chemistry and chlorophyll-a biomass in micrograms per liter (μgL -1). Results showed that chlorophyll-a biomass dramatically decreased since the 1960s. Previous studies indicated that the phytoplankton community of Lake Arenguade was dominated by a single cyanobacterium species, Arthrospira fusiformis (Voronichin) Komárek et Lund (syn. Spirulina fusiformis Voronichin) while the present study showed co-dominance of the lake's phytoplankton by another cyanobacterium species, Anabaenopsis elenkinii Miller. The trend shows that A. fusiformis is on the verge of disappearance from Lake Arenguade. While other factors can be responsible for such a change, the contribution of underwater seismological detonation experiments carried out repeatedly cannot be ruled out. Based on the results, recommendations were forwarded for possible full-fledged environmental impact assessment of explosion experiments in Lake Arenguade; and other lakes in which similar explosion experiments were carried out. © 2012 Elsevier GmbH.	Anabaenopsis; Arenguade; Arthrospira; Bishoftu; Ethiopia; Seismic explosion	biomass; chlorophyll a; cyanobacterium; ecological impact; environmental impact assessment; experimental study; phytoplankton; seismic method; seismology; water chemistry; Ethiopia; Lake Arenguade; Anabaenopsis; Anabaenopsis elenkinii; Arthrospira; Arthrospira fusiformis; Spirulina	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84861182750	The effect of exogenous anabolic steroids on growth performance, testicular and seminal characteristics of yearling Boer goat bucks	Makae T., Greyling J.P.C., Schwalbach L.M.J., Raito M.B.	2012	Small Ruminant Research	105	42372	10.1016/j.smallrumres.2012.03.005	Department Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	Makae, T., Department Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Greyling, J.P.C., Department Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Schwalbach, L.M.J., Department Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Raito, M.B., Department Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	The effect of anabolic steroid treatment on young Boer goat bucks (12 months of age; mean body weight of 47.0 ± 3.8. kg) was investigated. Bucks were individually housed and randomly allocated to two treatment groups and fed a pelleted maintenance diet (8.5. MJ. ME/kg and 13% CP). Bucks in the first group (n= 9) received a weekly i.m. injection of 25. mg Deca-durabolin (testosterone) for a total period of 16 weeks. The remaining bucks (n= 10) served as the controls. At the end of the 16-week treatment phase an additional 12 week recovery monitoring phase (no treatment) was implemented. During the trial semen was collected (artificial vagina) weekly, where semen volume, colour, pH and sperm density and motility was recorded. The body parameters recorded weekly included body weight, scrotal circumference and volume. The body parameters found to be significantly (P< 0.05) affected by treatment with the anabolic steroid, was scrotal circumference and volume. This degeneration of the scrotal measurements was ascribed to the negative feedback system induced by the exogenous anabolic steroid treatment (androgenic effect). By the end of the recovery period, the difference in scrotal circumference and volume between the treatment groups had decreased to 7% - with the treated bucks still recording a significantly (P< 0.05) lower scrotal volume, compared to the control group (584.4 ± 87.3. ml vs 640.0 ± 81.0. ml respectively). Despite this reduction in scrotal circumference and volume none of the seminal parameters recorded in the trial (i.e. sperm motility, semen volume and pH, sperm concentration and percentage live sperm) were significantly affected by the steroid treatment. It would also seem as if the inhibitory effect of steroid treatment on testicular development was only temporary and that young males can recover, without any apparent loss in fertility, as measured by semen quality. The lack in body weight response could possibly be ascribed to the age of the animals and the relatively low energy content of the diet. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.	Anabolic steroids; Boer goat; Bucks; Scrotum parameters; Seminal characteristics	Animalia; Capra hircus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-51649102055	Evaluation of lipoxygenase inhibitory activity of anacardic acids	Kubo I., Tae J.H., Tsujimoto K., Tocoli F.E., Green I.R.	2008	Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung - Section C Journal of Biosciences	63	42559	None	Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3114, United States; School of Material Sciences, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan; Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, P/Bag X17, Bellville, 7530, South Africa	Kubo, I., Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3114, United States; Tae, J.H., Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3114, United States; Tsujimoto, K., School of Material Sciences, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan; Tocoli, F.E., Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, P/Bag X17, Bellville, 7530, South Africa; Green, I.R., Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, P/Bag X17, Bellville, 7530, South Africa	6-Alkylsalicylic acids inhibit the linoleic acid peroxidation catalyzed by soybean lipoxygenase-1 (EC 1.13.11.12, type 1) competitively and without pro-oxidant effects. This activity is largely dependent on the nature of their alkyl side chains. Inhibitory activities of anacardic acids, viz. 6-pentadec(en)ylsalicylic acids, isolated from the cashew Anacardium occidentale, were initially used for comparison because their aromatic head portions are the same. Consequently, the data should be interpreted to mean that changes in the hydrophobic side chain tail portions of the molecules evaluated correlate with the specific activity determined. © 2008 Verlag der Zeitschrift für Naturforschung.	Anacardic acids; Hydrophobicity; Inhibitory activity; Lipoxygenase	anacardic acid; lipoxygenase inhibitor; scavenger; article; chemistry; drug screening; electrospray mass spectrometry; Anacardic Acids; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Free Radical Scavengers; Lipoxygenase Inhibitors; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Anacardium occidentale; Glycine max	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880680080	Evaluation of antioxidant potential of methanolic leaf extract of anacardium Occidentale (Linn) on the testes of streptozotocin-induced diabetic wistar rats	Ukwenya V., Ashaolu O., Adeyemi D., Obuotor E., Tijani A., Biliaminu A., Caxton-Martins E.	2013	European Journal of Anatomy	17	2	None	Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria; D	Ukwenya, V., Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria; Ashaolu, O., Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria; Adeyemi, D., Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Obuotor, E., Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Tijani, A., Department of Biochemistry, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria; Biliaminu, A., Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Caxton-Martins, E., Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	Anti-diabetic and antioxidant properties. The objective of this work was to determine the effects of Anacardium occidentale leaf extract (AOLE) on the activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and anti-oxidant enzymes (Glutathione peroxidase, GPx and superoxide dismutase, SOD) in the testicular homogenate of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Forty (40) wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were randomly divided into four experimental groups. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin (70 mg/kg b.w.). Five days after the confirmation of hyperglycemia, Groups A and B were treated with 300 mg/kg b.w of the extract and 1 I.U/kg b.w. insulin respectively. Groups C and D served as hyperglycemic and normal controls respectively. Animals were sacrificed 16 days after treatment. Our study showed that AOLE ameliorated the level of TBARS and improved the activities of G-6-PDH, SOD and GPx in the testes of extract-treated rats.	Anacardium occidentale; Anti-oxidant; Diabetes; Hyperglycemia; Oxidative stress.	Anacardium occidentale leaft extract; antioxidant; enzyme; glucose; glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase; isophane insulin; peroxidase; plant extract; superoxide dismutase; thiobarbituric acid reactive substance; unclassified drug; animal cell; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; antioxidant activity; article; controlled study; drug effect; enzyme activity; glucose blood level; hyperglycemia; male; nonhuman; oxidative stress; rat; streptozocin diabetes; testis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77951228092	Development and evaluation of a new paediatric blood transfusion protocol for Africa	Cheema B., Molyneux E.M., Emmanuel J.C., M'Baya B., Esan M., Kamwendo H., Kalilani-Phiri L., Boele Van Hensbroek M.	2010	Transfusion Medicine	20	3	10.1111/j.1365-3148.2010.00989.x	Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X24, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa; College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi; Blood Transfusion Medicine Specialist Consultant, Zimbabwe; Malawi Blood Transfusion Service, Blantyre, Malawi; Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi; Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi; Global Child Health Group, Emma Children's Hospital, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands	Cheema, B., Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X24, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa; Molyneux, E.M., College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi; Emmanuel, J.C., Blood Transfusion Medicine Specialist Consultant, Zimbabwe; M'Baya, B., Malawi Blood Transfusion Service, Blantyre, Malawi; Esan, M., Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi; Kamwendo, H., Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi; Kalilani-Phiri, L., College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi; Boele Van Hensbroek, M., Global Child Health Group, Emma Children's Hospital, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands	Severe anaemia is a common childhood emergency in developing countries. Practical evidence-based guidance on when to transfuse, volume of transfusion and ideal duration of transfusion is lacking. The aim of this study is to develop a paediatric transfusion protocol for use in under-resourced environments and evaluate its usability in a busy African hospital setting. A paediatric transfusion protocol based on the WHO Guidelines was developed for the Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital (QECH), Blantyre, Malawi. On the basis of simple bedside clinical features of respiratory, cardiovascular and neurological compromise, the protocol allocates children with severe anaemia (haemoglobin ≤ 6 g dL-1) to one of the three groups: complicated anaemia, uncomplicated anaemia and anaemia with severe malnutrition. Data were collected to monitor protocol adherence, delays to transfusion, post-transfusion haemoglobin and need for repeat transfusion. Two-hundred and fifteen severely anaemic children were enrolled: 180 complicated, 25 uncomplicated and 10 severely malnourished. With respect to protocol adherence, all children were allocated to the correct transfusion group; correct volume (±10%) was given in 89·3%; correct duration (±30 min) in 86·2% and correct overall rate (±10%) in 78·6%. Comparing old and new transfusion guidelines, a potential avoidable transfusion rate of 29% was found. This study demonstrates that clear and detailed transfusion guidelines based on simple bedside clinical features can be used in a very busy children's hospital in sub-Saharan Africa. With minimal additional equipment, volume and duration of transfusion can be well controlled. Furthermore, having a protocol in place results in a significant reduction of avoidable transfusions. © 2010 British Blood Transfusion Society.	Anaemia; Blood; Children; Protocol; Sub-Saharan Africa; Transfusion	antibiotic agent; hemoglobin; quinine; steroid; adolescent; Africa; anemia; article; blood transfusion; cardiovascular disease; child; clinical feature; development; disease severity; environment; evaluation; female; hospital; human; human cell; human tissue; infant; major clinical study; Malawi; male; malnutrition; monitoring; neurologic disease; patient compliance; pediatric blood transfusion protocol; pediatrics; preschool child; repeat procedure; respiratory tract disease; school child; therapy delay; treatment duration; world health organization; anemia; blood transfusion; cohort analysis; comorbidity; emergency health service; malaria; malnutrition; pediatrics; practice guideline; procedures; prospective study; public hospital; standards; statistics and numerical data; treatment outcome; utilization; Adolescent; Africa; Anemia; Blood Transfusion; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies; Comorbidity; Emergency Service, Hospital; Female; Guideline Adherence; Hospitals, Public; Humans; Infant; Malaria; Malawi; Male; Malnutrition; Pediatrics; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Prospective Studies; Treatment Outcome	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77957801165	The impact of dietary protein on the pathophysiology of porcine trypanosome infection	Nnadi P.A., Ezeh I.O., Kalu K.C., Ngene A.A.	2010	Veterinary Parasitology	173	04-Mar	10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.07.004	Department of Animal Health and Production, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University	Nnadi, P.A., Department of Animal Health and Production, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Ezeh, I.O., Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Kalu, K.C., Department of Animal Health and Production, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Ngene, A.A., Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	The influence of protein nutrition on porcine trypanosomosis was investigated in this study. Thirty six landrace/large white cross weanling pigs were used. Upon purchase, these were divided into two groups of 18 pigs each and these were housed separately to enable them adapt to our animal house management regimen. Post-adaptation, the pigs were divided into 6 groups A1 and A2, B1, and B2, and C1 and C2 (n=6). A1 and A2 were fed diet A1, B1 and B2 diet B while C1 and C2 were fed diet C with 28%, 20% and 16% crude protein, respectively. Two-week post-adaptation groups A1, B1, and C1 were infected with 3×106 Trypanosoma brucei brucei organisms intraperitoneally. Body weight, temperature and Packed Cell Volume of all group members were determined a week prior to infection, on the day of infection and weekly thereafter till end of the study. Serum biochemistry was also concurrently determined. Three days post-infection, blood was collected from all the members of A1, B1 and C1 and thoroughly screened microscopically for the presence of trypanosome organisms. This was repeated on subsequent days till all the infected animals developed patency by showing parasitaemia under wet mount. The result of this study showed that infection did not have any significant effect on the rate of weight gain except in group C (p≤0.05). Moreover, infections caused significant hyperthermia in all the infection groups (p≤0.05) with diet A showing the least response and C the most severe. Furthermore, diet did not have any effect on parasite establishment or parasitaemia as the prepatent period was similar in all the infection groups. There was also significant reduction in PCV whose severity also correlated with reduction in the protein dietary quality. Similar observation was also made on the total serum protein where significant hyperproteinaemia correlated with increasing dietary protein and the uninfected controls having higher serum protein relative to the infected. There was in addition parasite induced hypoalbuminaemia whose severity was also graduated in favour of increasing protein level. The study demonstrated the protective influence of dietary protein on some of the pathophysiological features of porcine trypanosomosis. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.	Anaemia; Body weight; Dietary protein; Pyrexia and serum proteins	albumin; plasma protein; animal experiment; article; blood chemistry; controlled study; disease severity; female; food quality; hematocrit; hyperthermia; hypoalbuminemia; male; nagana; nonhuman; parasitemia; pathophysiology; protein blood level; protein intake; swine; Trypanosoma brucei; weight gain; Animals; Blood Proteins; Body Temperature; Body Weight; Dietary Proteins; Eating; Hematocrit; Parasitemia; Swine; Swine Diseases; Trypanosoma brucei brucei; Trypanosomiasis, African; Animalia; Suidae; Sus; Trypanosoma brucei brucei	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84859943490	Plasmodium falciparum, anaemia and cognitive and educational performance among school children in an area of moderate malaria transmission: Baseline results of a cluster randomized trial on the coast of Kenya	Halliday K.E., Karanja P., Turner E.L., Okello G., Njagi K., Dubeck M.M., Allen E., Jukes M.C.H., Brooker S.J.	2012	Tropical Medicine and International Health	17	5	10.1111/j.1365-3156.2012.02971.x	Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom; Malaria Public Health and Epidemiology Group, Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Collaborative Programme, Nairobi, Kenya; Faculty of Epidemiology and Public Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom; Division of Malaria Control, Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Teacher Education, College of Charleston, SC, United States; Graduate School of Education, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States	Halliday, K.E., Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom; Karanja, P., Malaria Public Health and Epidemiology Group, Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Collaborative Programme, Nairobi, Kenya; Turner, E.L., Faculty of Epidemiology and Public Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom; Okello, G., Malaria Public Health and Epidemiology Group, Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Collaborative Programme, Nairobi, Kenya; Njagi, K., Division of Malaria Control, Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation, Nairobi, Kenya; Dubeck, M.M., Department of Teacher Education, College of Charleston, SC, United States; Allen, E., Faculty of Epidemiology and Public Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom; Jukes, M.C.H., Graduate School of Education, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States; Brooker, S.J., Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom, Malaria Public Health and Epidemiology Group, Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Collaborative Programme, Nairobi, Kenya	Objectives Studies have typically investigated health and educational consequences of malaria among school-aged children in areas of high malaria transmission, but few have investigated these issues in moderate transmission settings. This study investigates the patterns of and risks for Plasmodium falciparum and anaemia and their association with cognitive and education outcomes on the Kenyan coast, an area of moderate malaria transmission. Methods As part of a cluster randomised trial, a baseline cross-sectional survey assessed the prevalence of and risk factors for P. falciparum infection and anaemia and the associations between health status and measures of cognition and educational achievement. Results are presented for 2400 randomly selected children who were enrolled in the 51 intervention schools. Results The overall prevalence of P. falciparum infection and anaemia was 13.0% and 45.5%, respectively. There was marked heterogeneity in the prevalence of P. falciparum infection by school. In multivariable analysis, being male, younger age, not sleeping under a mosquito net and household crowding were adjusted risk factors for P. falciparum infection, whilst P. falciparum infection, being male and indicators of poor nutritional intake were risk factors for anaemia. No association was observed between either P. falciparum or anaemia and performance on tests of sustained attention, cognition, literacy or numeracy. Conclusion The results indicate that in this moderate malaria transmission setting, P. falciparum is strongly associated with anaemia, but there is no clear association between health status and education. Intervention studies are underway to investigate whether removing the burden of chronic asymptomatic P. falciparum and related anaemia can improve education outcomes. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.	Anaemia; Cognition; Educational achievement; Kenya; Malaria; Plasmodium; School children; Sustained attention	anemia; baseline conditions; baseline survey; child health; coastal zone; cognition; disease prevalence; disease transmission; educational attainment; health risk; health status; heterogeneity; infectivity; literacy; malaria; multivariate analysis; primary education; protozoan; risk factor; adolescent; adult; anemia; article; cancer risk; child; cognition; controlled study; dietary intake; female; health status; human; infection risk; Kenya; major clinical study; malaria; male; medical education; Plasmodium falciparum; preschool child; prevalence; school child; sex difference; Adolescent; Age Distribution; Anemia; Attention; Causality; Child; Child, Preschool; Cluster Analysis; Cognition Disorders; Comorbidity; Cross-Sectional Studies; Educational Status; Family Characteristics; Female; Health Status; Humans; Kenya; Malaria, Falciparum; Male; Mosquito Nets; Plasmodium falciparum; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Sex Distribution; Kenya	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77954216122	Cohort trial reveals community impact of insecticide-treated nets on malariometric indices in urban Ghana	Klinkenberg E., Onwona-Agyeman K.A., McCall P.J., Wilson M.D., Bates I., Verhoeff F.H., Barnish G., Donnelly M.J.	2010	Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene	104	7	10.1016/j.trstmh.2010.03.004	Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom; International Water Management Institute, PMB CT 112, Cantonments, Accra, Ghana; Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, PO Box LG581, Legon, Ghana; Royal Liverpool Children's NHS Trust, Alder Hey Hospital, Eaton Road, West Derby, Liverpool L12 2AP, United Kingdom	Klinkenberg, E., Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom, International Water Management Institute, PMB CT 112, Cantonments, Accra, Ghana; Onwona-Agyeman, K.A., Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; McCall, P.J., Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom; Wilson, M.D., Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, PO Box LG581, Legon, Ghana; Bates, I., Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom; Verhoeff, F.H., Royal Liverpool Children's NHS Trust, Alder Hey Hospital, Eaton Road, West Derby, Liverpool L12 2AP, United Kingdom; Barnish, G., Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom; Donnelly, M.J., Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom	The efficacy of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) in prevention of malaria and anaemia has been shown in rural settings, but their impact in urban settings is unknown. We carried out an ITN intervention in two communities in urban Accra, Ghana, where local malaria transmission is known to occur. There was evidence for a mass or community effect, despite ITN use by fewer than 35% of households. Children living within 300 m of a household with an ITN had higher haemoglobin concentrations (0.5. g/dl higher, P=0.011) and less anaemia (odds ratio 2.21, 95% CI 1.08-4.52, P=0.031 at month 6), than children living more than 300 m away from a household with an ITN, although malaria parasitaemias were similar. With urban populations growing rapidly across Africa, this study shows that ITNs will be an effective tool to assist African countries to achieve their Millennium Development Goals in urban settings. [Registered trial number ISRCTN42261314; http://www.controlled-trials.com/ISRCTN42261314]. © 2010 Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.	Anaemia; Community impact; Ghana; Insecticide-treated nets; Malaria; Urban	hemoglobin; insecticide; anemia; article; bed net; child; cohort analysis; community; community program; female; Ghana; household; human; infant; malaria; male; parasitemia; preschool child; school child; urban area; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anemia; Child; Cohort Studies; Family Characteristics; Female; Ghana; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Insecticides; Malaria; Male; Middle Aged; Mosquito Nets; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Program Evaluation; Urban Health; Young Adult	None
None	None	Evaluation of the effectiveness of stainless steel cooking pots in reducing iron-deficiency anaemia in food aid-dependent populations	Talley L., Woodruff B.A., Seal A., Tripp K., Mselle L.S., Abdalla F., Bhatia R., Mirghani Z.	2010	Public Health Nutrition	13	1	10.1017/S1368980009005254	International Emergency and Refugee Health Branch, National Center for Environmental Health, MS F-60, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States; Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States; Centre for International Health and Development, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Maternal and Child Nutrition Branch, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States; Tanzania Food and Nutrition Centre, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Laayoune, Western Sahara; United Nations World Food Programme, Regional Bureau for Asia, Bangkok, Thailand; United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic	Talley, L., International Emergency and Refugee Health Branch, National Center for Environmental Health, MS F-60, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States; Woodruff, B.A., Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States; Seal, A., Centre for International Health and Development, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Tripp, K., Maternal and Child Nutrition Branch, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States; Mselle, L.S., Tanzania Food and Nutrition Centre, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Abdalla, F., United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Laayoune, Western Sahara; Bhatia, R., United Nations World Food Programme, Regional Bureau for Asia, Bangkok, Thailand; Mirghani, Z., United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic	Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of stainless steel (Fe alloy) cooking pots in reducing Fe-deficiency anaemia in food aid-dependent populations.Design Repeated cross-sectional surveys. Between December 2001 and January 2003, three surveys among children aged 6-59 months and their mothers were conducted in 110 households randomly selected from each camp. The primary outcomes were changes in Hb concentration and Fe status.Setting Two long-term refugee camps in western Tanzania.Subjects Children (6-59 months) and their mothers were surveyed at 0, 6 and 12 months post-intervention. Stainless steel pots were distributed to all households in Nduta camp (intervention); households in Mtendeli camp (control) continued to cook with aluminium or clay pots.Results: Among children, there was no change in Hb concentration at 1 year; however, Fe status was lower in the intervention camp than the control camp (serum transferrin receptor (sTfR) concentration: 6.8 v. 5.9 μg/ml; P < 0.001). There was no change in Hb concentration among non-pregnant mothers at 1 year. Subjects in the intervention camp had lower Fe status than those in the control camp (sTfR concentration: 5.8 v. 4.7 μg/ml; P = 0.003).Conclusions: Distribution of stainless steel pots did not increase Hb concentration or improve Fe status in children or their mothers. The use of stainless steel prevents rusting but may not provide sufficient amounts of Fe and strong educational campaigns may be required to maximize use. The distribution of stainless steel pots in refugee contexts is not recommended as a strategy to control Fe deficiency.	Anaemia; Cooking pots; Iron deficiency; Refugees; Stainless steel	aluminum; hemoglobin; stainless steel; transferrin receptor; adolescent; adult; article; blood; clinical trial; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; cross-sectional study; female; human; infant; iron deficiency anemia; iron intake; kitchen; male; middle aged; mother; newborn; nutritional status; preschool child; randomized controlled trial; refugee; Tanzania; Adolescent; Adult; Aluminum; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency; Child, Preschool; Cooking and Eating Utensils; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Hemoglobins; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Iron, Dietary; Male; Middle Aged; Mothers; Nutritional Status; Receptors, Transferrin; Refugees; Stainless Steel; Tanzania; Young Adult	None
None	None	Evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of the Haemoglobin Colour Scale to detect anaemia in young children attending primary healthcare clinics in Zanzibar	Aldridge C., Foster H.M.E., Albonico M., Ame S.M., Montresor A.	2012	Tropical Medicine and International Health	17	4	10.1111/j.1365-3156.2011.02944.x	London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Glasgow North-West GP Vocational Training Scheme, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Ivo de Carneri Foundation, Torino, Italy; Public Health Laboratory Ivo de Carneri, Pemba, Tanzania; Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland	Aldridge, C., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Foster, H.M.E., Glasgow North-West GP Vocational Training Scheme, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Albonico, M., Ivo de Carneri Foundation, Torino, Italy; Ame, S.M., Public Health Laboratory Ivo de Carneri, Pemba, Tanzania; Montresor, A., Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland	Objectives This study evaluates the diagnostic accuracy of Haemoglobin Colour Scale (HCS), compared with clinical diagnosis, to detect anaemia and severe anaemia in preschool-age children attending primary healthcare clinics in rural Zanzibar. Methods In all participants, haemoglobin (Hb) concentration was independently estimated by clinical examination for palmar pallor, HCS and HemoCue™. HemoCue was considered the reference method. Data collection was integrated into the usual health services and performed by local healthcare workers (HCWs). Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were calculated for HCS and clinical examination for palmar pallor. The limits of agreement between HCS and HemoCue, and inter-observer variability for HCS, were also defined. Results A total of 799 children age 2-59months were recruited to the study. The prevalence of anaemia (Hb<11g/dl) and severe anaemia (<5g/dl) were 71% and 0.8% respectively. The sensitivity of HCS to detect anaemia was 33% [95% confidence interval (CI) 29-36] and specificity was 87% (83-91). The sensitivity of HCS to detect severe anaemia was 14% (95% CI 0-58) and specificity was 100% (99-100). The sensitivity of palmar pallor to detect anaemia was low, but superior to HCS (58%vs. 33%, P<0.001); specificity was inferior to HCS (55%vs. 87%, P<0.001). There was no evidence of a difference in either sensitivity (P>0.1) or specificity (P>0.1) between HCS and palmar pallor to detect severe anaemia. Conclusions Haemoglobin Colour Scale does not improve the capacity of HCWs to diagnose anaemia in this population. Accuracy is limited by considerable variability in the performances of test operators. However, optimizing the training protocol for those using the test may improve performance. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.	Anaemia; Diagnostic techniques and procedures; Haemoglobin; Haemoglobin Colour Scale; Sensitivity and specificity; Tanzania	hemoglobin; accuracy assessment; anemia; child health; color; concentration (composition); disease prevalence; disease severity; health care; health services; population structure; sensitivity analysis; anemia; article; calculation; child; clinical assessment tool; clinical examination; diagnostic accuracy; disease severity; health care facility; health care personnel; health service; Hemoglobin Color Scale; human; infant; information processing; interrater reliability; major clinical study; pallor; predictive value; preschool child; primary health care; sensitivity and specificity; Tanzania; Anemia; Child Welfare; Child, Preschool; Diagnostic Tests, Routine; Female; Hemoglobinometry; Hemoglobins; Humans; Infant; Male; Mass Screening; Prevalence; Primary Health Care; Prospective Studies; Sensitivity and Specificity; Tanzania; Tanzania; Zanzibar Island	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879845317	Evaluation of anaemia in Nigerian goats using FAMACHA© eye colour chart: A preliminary study	Idika I.K., Iheagwam C.N., Nwobi L.G., Nwosu C.O.	2013	Comparative Clinical Pathology	22	4	10.1007/s00580-012-1456-z	Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Idika, I.K., Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Iheagwam, C.N., Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Nwobi, L.G., Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Nwosu, C.O., Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	A preliminary study was carried out on the possibility of using the FAMACHA eye colour chart to predict the level of anaemia in 280 Nigerian goats of varied ages slaughtered at the Nsukka abattoir, in Enugu State, Nigeria. Three indices of anaemia, namely packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell (RBC) counts and haemoglobin (Hb) concentrations were compared with the colour of the ocular membranes of the goats. The colours of the ocular conjunctiva of all animals were scored on a 1-5 scale using the FAMACHA© card, and blood samples were collected from each animal for determination of PCV, RBC counts and Hb concentration. Correlations between eye colour scores and the duo of PCV and Hb concentrations were highly significant and negative. Haemonchus contortus was the most predominant gastrointestinal nematode parasite observed in the study with average larval recovery of 70.18 %. Age has no effect on the predictability of anaemia by the FAMACHA© technique. It was concluded that the FAMACHA method can be used by farmers in Nigeria to identify anaemic goats particularly in conditions of haemonchosis which is one of the main causes of anaemia in goats and the most predominant gastrointestinal nematode in small ruminants in the study area. It is, therefore, believed that these preliminary findings will form a basis for further work on validating the use of FAMACHA© in Nigerian goats. © 2012 Springer-Verlag London Limited.	Anaemia; FAMACHA; Hb concentration; Nigerian goats; PCV	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84907567195	Baseline health conditions in selected communities of northern Sierra Leone as revealed by the health impact assessment of a biofuel project	Winkler M.S., Knoblauch A.M., Righetti A.A., Divall M.J., Koroma M.M., Fofanah I., Turay H., Hodges M.H., Utzinger J.	2014	International Health	6	3	10.1093/inthealth/ihu031	Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, Basel, Switzerland; SHAPE Consulting Ltd, Pretoria, South Africa; Northern Polytechnic, P.O. Box 32, Makeni, Sierra Leone; Helen Keller International, P.O. Box 369, Freetown, Sierra Leone	Winkler, M.S., Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box, Basel, Switzerland, University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, Basel, Switzerland; Knoblauch, A.M., Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box, Basel, Switzerland, University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, Basel, Switzerland; Righetti, A.A., Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box, Basel, Switzerland, University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, Basel, Switzerland; Divall, M.J., SHAPE Consulting Ltd, Pretoria, South Africa; Koroma, M.M., Northern Polytechnic, P.O. Box 32, Makeni, Sierra Leone; Fofanah, I., Helen Keller International, P.O. Box 369, Freetown, Sierra Leone; Turay, H., Helen Keller International, P.O. Box 369, Freetown, Sierra Leone; Hodges, M.H., Helen Keller International, P.O. Box 369, Freetown, Sierra Leone; Utzinger, J., Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box, Basel, Switzerland, University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, Basel, Switzerland	Background: As biofuel projects may be associated with positive and negative effects on people's health and wellbeing, a health impact assessment was performed for the Addax Bioenergy Sierra Leone (ABSL) project. We present data from the baseline health survey, which will provide a point of departure for future monitoring and evaluation activities. Methods: In December 2010, a cross-sectional survey was carried out in eight potentially affected communities. A broad set of clinical and parasitological indicators were assessed using standardised, quality-controlled procedures, including anthropometry and prevalence of anaemia, Plasmodium falciparum and helminth infections. Results: Complete datasets were obtained from 1221 individuals of 194 households and eight schools. Of children aged <5 years (n=586), 41.8% were stunted, 23.2% were underweight and 4.8% were wasted. Very high prevalences of anaemia and P. falciparum were found in children aged 6-59 months (n=571; 86.1% and 74.0%, respectively). Overall, 73.7% of women of reproductive age (n=395) were anaemic. In school-aged children (n=240), 27.9% had light- to moderate-intensity hookworm infections, whereas Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and Schistosoma mansoni were rare (<3% each). Conclusions: The detailed description of the baseline health conditions, in combination with future health surveys, will deepen the understanding of how a biofuel project impacts on community health in a rural setting in sub-Saharan Africa. © The Author 2014.	Anaemia; Health impact assessment; Helminth infection; Malaria; Nutritional status; Sierra Leone	albendazole; amodiaquine; artemether; praziquantel; biofuel; adolescent; adult; anemia; anthropometry; Article; Ascaris lumbricoides; child; cross-sectional study; female; health impact assessment; health survey; helminthiasis; hookworm infection; human; major clinical study; malaria falciparum; male; Plasmodium falciparum; prevalence; public health; Schistosoma mansoni; schistosomiasis; Sierra Leone; Trichuris trichiura; underweight; anemia; animal; ascariasis; Child Nutrition Disorders; health impact assessment; health status; infant; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Malaria, Falciparum; malnutrition; middle aged; nutritional status; preschool child; procedures; regression analysis; rural population; schistosomiasis mansoni; statistics and numerical data; young adult; Adolescent; Adult; Anemia; Animals; Ascariasis; Biofuels; Child; Child Nutrition Disorders; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Health Impact Assessment; Health Status; Humans; Infant; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Malaria, Falciparum; Male; Malnutrition; Middle Aged; Nutritional Status; Regression Analysis; Rural Population; Schistosomiasis mansoni; Sierra Leone; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34250680924	Iron deficiency anaemia and evaluation of the utility of iron deficiency indicators among healthy Nigerian children	Jeremiah Z.A., Buseri F.I., Uko E.K.	2007	Hematology	12	3	10.1080/10245330601111821	Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria	Jeremiah, Z.A., Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Buseri, F.I., Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Uko, E.K., Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria	The hemoglobin (Hb), serum iron (SI), total iron binding capacity (TIBC), transferrin saturation (TS) and serum ferritin (SF) values of 240 apparently healthy children were determined in a prospective cross-sectional study conducted in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Standard colorimetric and enzyme immunoassay procedures were used for the estimation all variables. The mean values of all parameters in this study population were; Hb (11.2 ± 1.83 gldl), TIBC (361.4 ± 245.7 ugldl, logc SI (1.807 ± 0.45), log c SF (1.51 ± 0.47) and TS (29.3 ± 18.5%). There was an age-dependent statistical significant difference in the Hb, TIBC and TS values (P &lt; 0.01). Sex was not found to exert any significant influence on the parameters except TIBC. TS had the highest sensitivity and efficiency values of 48 and 95%, respectively. Positive predictive value (PPV), likelihood ratio (LR+) and post-test probability values were highest with SF (58%, 3.3 and 62.2%, respectively) as a diagnostic indicator. Hb values correlated positively and significantly with TS (P &lt; 0.01), log cSI and log cSF concentrations (P &lt; 0.05). Log cSF also correlated positively and significantly with Hb and TIBC (P &lt; 0.05). The overall prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia among these children was 33.75%. We conclude that there is a high prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia among apparently healthy children under the age of five years in this part of the world and these results may justify the need for the introduction of a broad intervention programme for this highly vulnerable group. This study is also in support of the hypothesis that SF is the best test for diagnosing or excluding iron deficiency anaemia. The combination of SF, Hb and TS determinations may prove more useful in a resource-limited moderate setting.	Anaemia; Iron deficiency; Iron deficiency anaemia; Iron deficiency indicators; Nigeria	biochemical marker; ferritin; hemoglobin; iron; transferrin; age distribution; article; child; childhood disease; colorimetry; controlled study; correlation analysis; enzyme immunoassay; female; ferritin blood level; hemoglobin blood level; human; iron binding capacity; iron blood level; iron deficiency anemia; laboratory diagnosis; major clinical study; male; Nigeria; prevalence; priority journal; probability; prospective study; sensitivity and specificity; sex difference; statistical significance; transferrin blood level; vulnerable population; Age Factors; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency; Biological Markers; Child; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Ferritins; Hemoglobins; Humans; Infant; Iron; Male; Prevalence; Prospective Studies; Sex Factors; Transferrin	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84907712157	Evaluation of batch anaerobic co-digestion of palm pressed fiber and cattle manure under mesophilic conditions	Bah H., Zhang W., Wu S., Qi D., Kizito S., Dong R.	2014	Waste Management	34	11	10.1016/j.wasman.2014.07.015	College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China; College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Institute Superior of Agronomy and Veterinary of Faranah (ISAV/F), Faranah, Guinea; College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda	Bah, H., College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China, Institute Superior of Agronomy and Veterinary of Faranah (ISAV/F), Faranah, Guinea; Zhang, W., College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Wu, S., College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China; Qi, D., College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Kizito, S., College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Dong, R., College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China	Palm pressed fiber (PPF) and cattle manure (CM) are the waste which can be managed properly by anaerobic co-digestion. The biogas production in co-digested PPF and CM at three volatile solids (VS) ratios of 3:1, 1:1, and 1:3 was investigated in a series of batch experiments at an organic loading rate of 30.0g VS/L under mesophilic (37±1°C) conditions. The highest daily biogas yield of PPF and CM only, was 90.0mL/g VS<inf>added</inf> at day 12 and 23.4mL/g VS<inf>added</inf> at day 7. For co-digestion of PPF/CM at mixing ratios of 3:1, 1:1 and 1:3, there were 93.6mL/g VS<inf>added</inf> at day 11, 86.8 and 26.4mL/g VS<inf>added</inf> at day 8. VS removal rate for PPF, CM, and co-digestion at mixing ratio of 3:1, 1:1, and 1:3 were 91.1%, 86.0% and 71.0%, respectively. The anaerobic digestion of PPF and CM and their co-digestion systems were stable in operation with low range of volatile fatty acids (VFA)/TIC (total inorganic carbon) of (0.035-0.091). The main volatile fatty acids were propionic, and iso-butyric acids for PPF, iso-butyric and n-butyric acids for CM. The VFAs and ammonium inhibition were not occurred. The modified Gompertz model can be used to perform a better prediction with a lower difference between the measured and predicted biogas yields. A VS ratio of 3:1 is recommended for practice. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.	Anaerobic co-digestion; Biogas production; Cattle manure; Kinetic model; Palm pressed fiber	Biogas; Butyric acid; Loading; Manures; Mixing; Propionic acid; Volatile fatty acids; Anaerobic co-digestion; Biogas production; Cattle manures; Kinetic modeling; Palm pressed fibers; Anaerobic digestion; ammonia; biogas; carbon; isobutyric acid; methane; propionic acid; volatile fatty acid; biofuel; industrial waste; manure; anoxic conditions; biogas; cattle; fatty acid; manure; mixing ratio; reaction kinetics; waste management; anaerobic co digestion; anaerobic digestion; Article; batch process; biomass production; cattle; cattle manure; chemical reaction kinetics; concentration response; controlled study; evaluation research; manure; mesophile; nonhuman; palm pressed fiber; productivity; reaction optimization; simulation; temperature sensitivity; waste; waste component removal; anaerobic growth; analysis; animal; Arecaceae; bioreactor; biosynthesis; bovine; chemistry; industrial waste; manure; procedures; theoretical model; waste disposal; Bos; Anaerobiosis; Animals; Arecaceae; Biofuels; Bioreactors; Cattle; Industrial Waste; Manure; Methane; Models, Theoretical; Refuse Disposal	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-30644462350	Comparative performance of a UASB reactor and an anaerobic packed-bed reactor when treating potato waste leachate	Parawira W., Murto M., Zvauya R., Mattiasson B.	2006	Renewable Energy	31	6	10.1016/j.renene.2005.05.013	Department of Biotechnology, Lund University, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden; Department of Biochemistry, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP 167, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe	Parawira, W., Department of Biotechnology, Lund University, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden, Department of Biochemistry, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP 167, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Murto, M., Department of Biotechnology, Lund University, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden; Zvauya, R., Department of Biochemistry, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP 167, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Mattiasson, B., Department of Biotechnology, Lund University, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden	The results presented in this paper are from studies on a laboratory-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor and an anaerobic packed-bed (APB) reactor treating potato leachate at increasing organic loading rates from 1.5 to 7.0 g COD/1/day. The hydraulic retention times ranged from 13.2 to 2.8 days for both reactors during the 100 days of the experiment. The maximum organic loading rates possible in the laboratory-scale UASB and APB reactors for stable operation were approximately 6.1 and 4.7 g COD/l day, respectively. The COD removal efficiencies of both reactors were greater than 90% based on the total COD of the effluent. The methane yield increased with increasing organic loading rate up to 0.23 l CH4/g CODdegraded in the UASB reactor and 0.161 CH4/g CODdegraded in the APB reactor. The UASB could be run at a higher organic loading rate than the APB reactor and achieved a higher methane yield. Signs of reactor instability were decreasing partial alkalinity and pH and increasing amounts of volatile fatty acids. The study demonstrated the suitability of the UASB and a packed-bed reactor for treating leachate from potato waste. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Anaerobic digestion; Anaerobic packed-bed; Biogas; Leachate; Methane yield; Potato waste; UASB	Alkalinity; Anaerobic digestion; Biogas; Effluent treatment; Hydraulics; Leachate treatment; Methane; Packed beds; pH effects; Anaerobic packed-bed; Methane yield; Potato waste; UASB; Chemical reactors; biogas; waste treatment; Alkalinity; Biogas; Chemical Reactors; Effluent Treatment; Hydraulics; Leaching; Methane; Solanum tuberosum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84919928066	Experimental evaluation of anaerobic digestion for coffee wastewater treatment and its biomethane recovery potential	Beyene A., Yemane D., Addis T., Assayie A.A., Triest L.	2014	International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology	11	7	10.1007/s13762-013-0339-4	Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, Jimma University, Po.Box: 378, Jimma, Ethiopia; Biology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels, Belgium	Beyene, A., Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, Jimma University, Po.Box: 378, Jimma, Ethiopia; Yemane, D., Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, Jimma University, Po.Box: 378, Jimma, Ethiopia; Addis, T., Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, Jimma University, Po.Box: 378, Jimma, Ethiopia; Assayie, A.A., Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, Jimma University, Po.Box: 378, Jimma, Ethiopia, Biology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels, Belgium; Triest, L., Biology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels, Belgium	The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of anaerobic digestion (AD) as an eco-friendly technology for coffee wastewater (CWW) management. First, we have characterized the CWW and found that it is suitable for microbial degradation with pH adjustment. Then, we designed a simple anaerobic batch reactor (ABR) and evaluated its potential for energy yield and efficiency to remove pollutants. The experiment was carried out by operating the anaerobic digestion (AD) for 70 days. The ABR was found to be efficient for the removal of organic load (90 %), nutrients (82 %) and suspended solids (95 %) from coffee processing waste. The increased removal efficiency of pollutants was dependent on the hydraulic retention time of the system. We also estimated that the coffee waste has a potential to produce a theoretical energy yield of 4–10 million KJ/day and an organic fertilizer (digestate) of 18.8–25.2 kg VSS/day. As a result, the AD would be a more sensible consideration as an eco-friendly treatment option for the coffee waste. The use of AD for CWW treatment not only reduces emission of greenhouse gases to the environment but also circumvents the rising demand for fuel wood and charcoal that causes a severe deforestation in the coffee growing regions of the world. © 2013, Islamic Azad University (IAU).	Anaerobic digestion; Biogas potential; Coffee wastewater; Organic fertilizer	biofuel; biogas; biotechnology; coffee; deforestation; emission control; experimental study; greenhouse gas; methane; pollutant removal; sewage treatment	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84918811269	Impact of ozone pre-treatment on the performance of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket treating pre-treated grain distillery wastewater	Robertson L., Britz T.J., Sigge G.O.	2014	Water Science and Technology	70	10	10.2166/wst.2014.435	Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa	Robertson, L., Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa; Britz, T.J., Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa; Sigge, G.O., Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa	Two 2 L laboratory-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors were operated for 277 days. The substrate of the control reactor (R<inf>c</inf>) contained grain distillery wastewater (GDWW) that had undergone coagulant pre-treatment, and the substrate of the second UASB reactor consisted of GDWW that had undergone coagulant pre-treatment and ozone pre-treatment (R<inf>o</inf>). Both reactors treated pre-treated GDWW successfully at ca. 9 kgCOD m-3 d-1. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) reductions of ca. 96% for R<inf>c</inf> and 93% for Ro were achieved. Fats, oils and grease (FOG) reductions (%) showed variations throughout the study, and reductions of ca. 88 and 92% were achieved for R<inf>c</inf> and R<inf>o</inf>, respectively. R<inf>c</inf> produced more biogas, and the methane percentage was similar in both reactors. UASB granule washout in R<inf>c</inf> suggested possible toxicity of unsaturated fatty acids present in non-ozonated substrate. The feasibility of FOG removal was demonstrated as both reactors successfully treated pre-treated GDWW. Better results were obtained for R<inf>o</inf> effluent during post-ozonation. The ozone pre-treatment possibly led to easier degradable wastewater, and better results could potentially be obtained when other post-treatment steps are applied. Ozone pre-treatment did not, however, show an added benefit in the reactor performance results. © IWA Publishing 2014.	Anaerobic digestion; Coagulant; Distillery wastewater; Ozone; Pre-treatment	Anaerobic digestion; Chemical oxygen demand; Coagulation; Effluents; Methane; Oils and fats; Ozone; Ozone water treatment; Ozonization; Unsaturated fatty acids; Coagulant; Control reactors; Distillery wastewaters; Fats , oils and grease; Pre-Treatment; Reactor performance; Up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors; Upflow anaerobic sludge blankets; Wastewater treatment; bicarbonate; biogas; coagulating agent; methane; ozone; unsaturated fatty acid; volatile fatty acid; ozone; sewage; anoxic conditions; chemical oxygen demand; coagulation; fatty acid; granular medium; ozone; performance assessment; sludge; substrate; wastewater; water treatment; alkalinity; anaerobic digestion; Article; biodegradability; biomass; carbon source; cell division; chemical oxygen demand; degradation; distillation; grain; methanogen; ozonation; pH; reduction; upflow reactor; waste water; anaerobic growth; bioreactor; cereal; chemistry; distillation; procedures; sewage; Anaerobiosis; Bioreactors; Cereals; Distillation; Ozone; Sewage; Waste Disposal, Fluid	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-42549123613	Performance of starter broilers fed anaerobically fermented and lyle treated Delonix regia seed meal	Egena S.S.A., Usman A., Shiawoya E.I., Yahaya S.K., Ogunlowo H.O.	2008	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	7	3	10.3923/pjn.2008.489.492	Department of Animal Production, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria	Egena, S.S.A., Department of Animal Production, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria; Usman, A., Department of Animal Production, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria; Shiawoya, E.I., Department of Animal Production, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria; Yahaya, S.K., Department of Animal Production, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria; Ogunlowo, H.O., Department of Animal Production, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria	One hundred and twenty day-old Hubbard broiler birds were used to study the effects of anaerobic fermentation and lyle treatment of Delonix seed meal on the performance of starter broilers. The experimental period, spanned 5 weeks. The birds were divided into four treatment groups of three replicates each using complete randomized design. The anaerobically fermented and lyle treated Delonix seed meal (AFLTDSM) was used to replace groundnut cake (GNC) at 0%, 5% and 7.5% level. Untreated raw Delonix seed meal (URDSM) was also used at 5% level in order to evaluate its effects on starter broiler performance. The four treatments were designated as T 1, T 2, T 3 and T 4 respectively. Parameters evaluated were mean body weight, daily body weight gain, mean feed intake, mean feed conversion ratio as well as apparent nutrient digestibility. The results showed that mean body weight, daily body weight gain, mean feed intake and mean feed conversion ratio were not significantly affected (p&gt;0.05) by the substitution of GNC with AFLTDSM in the diets. However, apparent nutrient digestibility of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ash, ether extract (EE) and Nitrogen free extract (NFE) were significantly affected (p&lt;0.05) by the treatment diets. Crude fibre (CF) digestibility was however not affected (p&gt;0.05) by the inclusion of Delonix seed meal in the diets. It was concluded that AFLTDSM could be used as a substitute for GNC in starter broilers diet without any significant effect on the performance of the birds. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2008.	Anaerobic fermentation; Delonix and lyle treated; Performance; Starter broilers	cyanide; ether; nitrogen; phytic acid; protein; tannin; trypsin inhibitor; anaerobic fermentation; animal experiment; animal food; article; ash; body weight; chicken; controlled study; dietary fiber; dietary intake; food composition; nonhuman; nutrient uptake; peanut; plant seed; randomization; weight gain; Aves; Delonix; Delonix regia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897850290	Evaluation of tribromoethanol, tribromoethanol-buprenorphine and ketamine-xylazine combinations for anaesthesia in sprague-dawley rats undergoing ovariectomy	Ajadi R.A., Gazal N.A., Teketay D.H., Gazal S.O.	2012	Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences	28	1	None	Department of Biological Sciences, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, MN, United States; Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	Ajadi, R.A., Department of Biological Sciences, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, MN, United States, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Gazal, N.A., Department of Biological Sciences, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, MN, United States; Teketay, D.H., Department of Biological Sciences, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, MN, United States; Gazal, S.O., Department of Biological Sciences, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, MN, United States	Effect of premedication with buprenorphine (BP) on efficacy and safety of tribromoethanol (TBE) - induced anaesthesia was evaluated and compared with anaesthesia induced by ketamine (K) and xylazine (X) combination in rats undergoing ovariectomy. Fifteen Sprague -Dawley rats (mean weight 246.5 ± 13.1g) were randomly divided into three groups. Group (TBE) received tribromoethanol solution (250mg/kg). Group (TBE+BP) was premedicated with BP (0.02mg/kg) and 30 minutes later with TBE (250mg/kg). Group KX was anaesthetized with mixture of K (43.5mg/kg) and X (6.5mg/kg). All injections were administered intraperitoneally. Anaesthetic parameters determined were onset of anaesthesia (OAN), duration of antinociception (DAN), duration of sleep (DSP) and recovery time (RCT). Rectal temperatures (RT) and respiratory rates (RR) were recorded immediately after loss of righting reflex and at ten minute interval up to 90 minute. In addition, rats were monitored for adverse signs up to one week after ovariectomy. Anaesthetic indices were compared using Student's t-test, while RR and RT were compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Two rats in TBE group and one rat in TBE+BP group died three days after ovariectomy. Duration of antinociception (DAN) was significantly (P= 0.0015) longer in TBE than in KX anaesthetized rats but not significantly (P= 0.054) different between TBE and TBE-BP anaesthetized rats. Also, DSP was significantly (P=0.001) longer in KX anaesthetized rats than TBE- anaesthetized rats. Similarly, the DSP was significantly (P= 0.013) shorter in TBE group than TBE+ BP anaesthetized rats. Both RR and RT decreased significantly (P<0.0001) with time following anaesthesia in all groups. It was concluded that KX mixture provided better anaesthesia than TBE and TBE+BP, and addition of BP to TBE did not have any beneficial effect. © Physiological Society of Nigeria.	Anaesthesia; Buprenorphine; Ketamine; Ovariectomy; Rats; Tribromoethanol; Xylazine	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84926178570	Herbal and alternative medicine: The impact on anesthesia	Dippenaar J.M.	2015	Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia	21	1	10.1080/22201181.2015.1013321	Department of Maxillo-Facial-Oral Surgery, Oral and Dental Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Dippenaar, J.M., Department of Maxillo-Facial-Oral Surgery, Oral and Dental Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	The use of herbal and alternative therapies is increasing all over the developed as well as the developing world. As pharmacological data on drug interactions involving herbal therapies becomes available, it is important to be familiar with the challenges that concomitant use of these medications may present within the peri-operative period. This review aims to shed light on the more commonly used herbal drugs, and to discuss drug interactions and complications that may be expected in their use. © 2015 The Author(s).	Anaesthesia; Drug interactions; Herbal medicine	acetylsalicylic acid; antacid agent; anticoagulant agent; anticonvulsive agent; antihistaminic agent; benzodiazepine; buspirone; chamomile; corticosteroid; cyclosporin; cytochrome P450; fluoxetine; furosemide; garlic extract; histamine H2 receptor antagonist; hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase; kava extract; levodopa; nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; nonsteroid antiinflammatory agent; oral contraceptive agent; primrose oil; proton pump inhibitor; theophylline; thromboxane A2; trazodone; unindexed drug; valerian; von Willebrand factor; warfarin; Aloe vera; alternative medicine; anesthesia; Article; bleeding; central nervous system; clinical trial (topic); drug bioavailability; Echinacea angustifolia; electrolyte transport; Ginkgo biloba; Glycyrrhiza glabra; heart arrhythmia; herb drug interaction; herbal medicine; human; Hypericum perforatum; hypertension; immune response; immunomodulation; kidney dysfunction; liver toxicity; Matricaria recutita; Panax quinquefolius; pharmacodynamics; physician; Piper methysticum; sedation; serotonin syndrome; Tanacetum parthenium; vasoconstriction	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84940206658	The development of a scoring tool for the measurement of performance in managing hypotension and intra-operative cardiac arrest during spinal Anaesthesia for caesarean section	Horsten G., Wise R., Ramroop S., Rodseth R.	2015	Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia	21	3	10.1080/22201181.2015.1054617	Discipline of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Pietermaritzburg Metropolitan Department of Anaesthetics, Critical Care and Pain Management, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Clinical Unit, Critical Care, Edendale Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Discipline of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Perioperative Research Group, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Department of Statistics and Biometry, School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Clinical Unit, Anaesthesia, Greys Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Outcomes Research Consortium, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States	Horsten, G., Discipline of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Wise, R., Pietermaritzburg Metropolitan Department of Anaesthetics, Critical Care and Pain Management, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, Clinical Unit, Critical Care, Edendale Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, Discipline of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Perioperative Research Group, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Ramroop, S., Department of Statistics and Biometry, School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Rodseth, R., Pietermaritzburg Metropolitan Department of Anaesthetics, Critical Care and Pain Management, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, Discipline of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Perioperative Research Group, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa, Clinical Unit, Anaesthesia, Greys Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, Outcomes Research Consortium, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States	Background: At level one hospitals in South Africa a high annual number of maternal deaths occur due to the unrecognised/ untreated complications of spinal anaesthesia. The authors developed a clinical scenario and scoring system to measure intern performance in managing hypotension and cardiac arrest during spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section on a human patient simulator. This system was then subjected to tests of validity and reliability. Methods: The simulator-based clinical scenario was developed by two specialist anaesthesiologists. A modified Delphi technique was used to achieve consensus among 10 anaesthetic specialists regarding a standardised scoring system. A total of 20 medical officers with a Diploma in Anaesthesiology and 20 interns completed the scenario and were scored by two senior anaesthesiologists. Results: Medical officers scored an average of 252 and 246 points, whereas interns scored an average of 216 and 215 points (p = 0.005 and p = 0.013, respectively). The scoring instrument demonstrated high inter-assessor reliability with an intra-class correlation coefficient of 0.983. Conclusions: The scoring tool was shown to be valid and reliable. It offers a standardised assessment process and may be used to refine institutional intern training programmes, with a view to improving anaesthesia skills in community service medical officers. © 2015 The Author(s).	Anaesthesia spinal; Caesarean section; Internship; Residency; Simulation; Simulator	Article; assessment of humans; cesarean section; computerised mannequin; Delphi study; diagnostic value; general medical device; heart arrest; human; hypotension; maternal mortality; medical education; medical personnel; reliability; simulation; simulator; simulator based clinical scenario; spinal anesthesia; validation process; validity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84894095197	Evaluation of the crude methanolic seed extract of Datura metel l. As a potential oral anaesthetic in dogs	Babalola S.A., Suleiman M.M., Hassan A.Z., Adawa D.A.Y.	2013	Veterinary Research	6	5	None	Department of Veterinary Surgery and Theriogenology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary S	Babalola, S.A., Department of Veterinary Surgery and Theriogenology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria; Suleiman, M.M., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Hassan, A.Z., Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Adawa, D.A.Y., Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	This study evaluates the methanolic crude extract of Datura metel L. seeds (family Solanaceae) as a potential oral anaesthetic in dogs. Following the oral acute toxicity study to determine the median Lethal Dose (LD50) of the extract in twelve (12) mice, the extract was relatively safe since when administered at the highest dose (5,000mg kg-1) no sign of toxicity and no death was recorded. In the in vivo sedative and anaesthetic study of the effect of Datura metel L. in this research, the observed pharmacological effect of the extract administered orally to 5 dogs separately at a dose rate of 0.6, 1.2, 1.5, 2 and 2.4g kg-1, respectively during establishment of a suitable pilot oral anaesthetic doses, showed a graded dose response relationship. The extract at an oral dose of 2.4g kg-1 induced surgical anaesthesia in dogs with increased heart and respiratory rates (107-205 bpm and 36.33-41.33 cpm), respectively, normal rectal temperature (37.83°C), adequate tissue perfusion, good muscle relaxation but poor analgesia, loss of anal sphincter tone and loss of pupillary reflex. The dogs recovered without any complications. This study has shown that the seed extract of Datura metel L. is relatively safe, induced sleep similar to that of thiopentone sodium anaesthesia with good anaesthetic indices at the oral dose rate of 2.4g kg-1 in dogs. © Medwell Journals, 2013.	Anaesthetic; Datura metel L.; Dogs; Oral dose; Seed extract; Surgical anaesthesia	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897890664	Evaluation of the crude methanolic seed extract of Datura metel L. as a potential oral anaesthetic in dogs	Babalola S.A., Suleiman M.M., Hassan A.Z., Adawa D.	2014	Global Journal of Pharmacology	8	2	10.5829/idosi.gjp.2014.8.2.82281	Department of Veterinary Surgery and Theriogenology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Surgery and Ra	Babalola, S.A., Department of Veterinary Surgery and Theriogenology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria; Suleiman, M.M., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria; Hassan, A.Z., Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria; Adawa, D., Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria	This study evaluates the methanolic crude extract of Datura metel L. seeds (family Solanacease) as a potential oral anaesthetic in dogs. Following the oral acute toxicity study to determine the median lethal dose (LD50) of the extract in twelve (12) mice, the extract was relatively safe since when administered at the highest dose (5,000 mg/kg) no sign of toxicity and no death was recorded. In the in vivo sedative and anaesthetic study of the effect of Datura metel L in this work, the observed pharmacological effect of the extract administered orally to five (5) dogs separately at a dose rate of 0.6, 1.2, 1.5, 2 and 2.4 g/kg respectively during establishment of a suitable pilot oral anaesthetic doses, showed a graded dose response relationship. The extract at an oral dose of 2.4 g/kg induced surgical anaesthesia in dogs with increased heart and respiratory rates (107 to 205 bpm and 36.33 to 41.33 cpm) respectively, normal rectal temperature (37.83°C), adequate tissue perfusion, good muscle relaxation but poor analgesia, loss of anal sphincter tone and loss of pupillary reflex. The dogs recovered without any complications. This study has shown that the seed extract of Datura metel L. is relatively safe, induced sleep similar to that of thiopentone sodium anaesthesia with good anaesthetic indices at the oral dose rate of 2.4 g/kg in dogs. © IDOSI Publications, 2014.	Anaesthetic; Datura metel L; Dogs; Seed extract; Surgical anaesthesia	alkaloid; anesthetic agent; Datura metel extract; flavonoid; glycoside; methanol; plant extract; resin; tannin derivative; terpenoid derivative; unclassified drug; acute toxicity; animal experiment; anus sphincter; article; breathing rate; controlled study; Datura metel; dog; dose response; drug isolation; drug safety; drug screening; heart rate; mouse; muscle relaxation; nonhuman; plant seed; pupil reflex; rectum temperature; sedation; sleep induction; tissue perfusion	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897610834	Evaluation of the crude methanolic seed extract of datura metel L as a potential oral anaesthetic in dogs	Babalola S.A., Suleiman M.M., Hassan A.Z., Adawa D.A.Y.	2014	Global Veterinaria	12	3	10.5829/idosi.gv.2014.12.03.82340	Department of Veterinary Surgery and Theriogenology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria; Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Ahmadu Be	Babalola, S.A., Department of Veterinary Surgery and Theriogenology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria; Suleiman, M.M., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria; Hassan, A.Z., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria; Adawa, D.A.Y., Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria	This study evaluates the methanolic crude extract of Datura metel L. seeds (family Solanacease) as a potential oral anaesthetic in dogs. Following the oral acute toxicity study to determine the median lethal dose (LD50) of the extract in twelve (12) mice, the extract was relatively safe since when administered at the highest dose (5,000 mg/kg) no sign of toxicity and no death was recorded. In the in vivo sedative and anaesthetic study of the effect of Datura metel L in this work, the observed pharmacological effect of the extract administered orally to five (5) dogs separately at a dose rate of 0.6, 1.2, 1.5, 2 and 2.4 g/kg respectively during establishment of a suitable pilot oral anaesthetic doses, showed a graded dose response relationship. The extract at an oral dose of 2.4 g/kg induced surgical anaesthesia in dogs with increased heart and respiratory rates (107 to 205 bpm and 36.33 to 41.33 cpm) respectively, normal rectal temperature (37.83 °C), adequate tissue perfusion, good muscle relaxation but poor analgesia, loss of anal sphincter tone and loss of pupillary reflex. The dogs recovered without any complications. This study has shown that the seed extract of Datura metel L. is relatively safe, induced sleep similar to that of thiopentone sodium anaesthesia with good anaesthetic indices at the oral dose rate of 2.4 g/kg in dogs. © IDOSI Publications, 2014.	Anaesthetic; Datura metel L; Dogs; Seed extract; Surgical anaesthesia	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84863788240	Growth performance of finisher broilers on Livingstone-potato (Plectranthus esculentus) tubers meal	Okereke C.O.	2012	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	11	5	10.3923/pjn.2012.411.413	National Root Crops Research Institute, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria	Okereke, C.O., National Root Crops Research Institute, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria	A feeding trial lasting 42 days was conducted using seventy two (72) 4-weeks old Anak broiler chicks with an average initial live weight of 4.40 kg to determine the growth performance of finisher broilers fed diet containing Livingstone-potato tubers meal. The animals were assigned to four treatment based on their initial live weight. The diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous (20% CP). The control diet was based on maize and soybean meal without Livingstone-potato tubers meal. Feed and water were offered ad libitum. The growth performance of broilers fed on various levels of meals in which Livingstone-potato (Rizga) meal substituted maize at 10%, 20% and 30% showed that there were no significant differences (p<0.05) in final body weight, average daily weight gain, average daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio among the treatments. The implication of these result is that those parameters measured were not significantly (p>0.05) influenced by the dietary levels of Livingstone-potato (Plectranthus esculentus) meal. The results suggest that 30% replacement of maize with Livingstone-potato (Plectranthus esculentus) meal produced no negative effect on the production performance of finisher broilers. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2012.	Anak broiler chicks; Growth performance; Plectranthus esculentus meal	animal experiment; animal food; article; body weight; broiler; chick; controlled study; food composition; food intake; growth; maize; nonhuman; Plectranthus esculentus; potato; soybean; weight gain; Animalia; Glycine max; Plectranthus esculentus; Solanum tuberosum; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-45749157640	Comparative performance and haematological indices of finishing broilers fed Palm kernel cake, Bambara offal and Rice husk as partial replacement for maize	Ugwu S.O.C., Onyimonyi A.E., Ozonoh C.I.	2008	International Journal of Poultry Science	7	3	10.3923/ijps.2008.299.303	Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Ugwu, S.O.C., Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Onyimonyi, A.E., Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Ozonoh, C.I., Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Ninety six unsexed four weeks old Anak broilers were used to compare the performance of finishing broilers fed Palm kernel cake, Bambara offal and Rice husk as partial replacement for maize. The ninety-six broilers were divided into four groups and fed diets containing either 40 percent Maize (T1) as control or 20 percent Palm kernel cake (T2), 20 percent Bambara offal (T3) and 20 percent Rice husk (T4). Each group was replicated thrice with 8 birds per replicate in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Feed and water were provided ad libitum for the 28 days the trial lasted. Results showed that the effect of treatments on final body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and feed cost/kg gain were significant (P < 0.05). Average daily gain of 0.075kg observed in birds on T2 was significantly different (P < 0.05) from values of 0.065Kg, 0.066kg and 0.067kg recorded for birds on the control, T3 and T4 diets respectively. Also, the same group (T2) had superior feed cost per kg gain of • 118.60 which differed significantly (P < 0.05) from • 135.59 and • 154.40 observed for birds on the control and T4 diets respectively. Haematological investigation revealed that the same birds on T2 had significantly higher values (P < 0.05) of red blood cell, haemoglobin, packed cell volume and eosinophils. Results of this study showed that 20 percent PKC can effectively replace maize in diets of finishing broilers with better performance and economic returns. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2008.	Anak broilers; Bambara offal; Maize; Palm kernel cake; Rice husk	Aves; Bambara; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-53649085404	Comparison of the performance, carcass characteristics and haematological parameters of broiler chicks reared in cage and floor	Sogunle O.M., Egbeyale L.T., Bajomo T.T., Bamigboje O.V., Fanimo A.O.	2008	Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences	11	3	10.3923/pjbs.2008.480.483	Department of Animal Production and Health, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Sogunle, O.M., Department of Animal Production and Health, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Egbeyale, L.T., Department of Animal Production and Health, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Bajomo, T.T., Department of Animal Production and Health, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Bamigboje, O.V., Department of Animal Production and Health, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Fanimo, A.O., Department of Animal Production and Health, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria	This study was conducted to determine the effect of housing systems on the performance, carcass characteristics and the haematology of 150 four-week old Anak titan strains of broiler chicks in a completely randomized design. The birds were allocated randomly into two treatment (cage and floor) groups of three replications containing 25 birds per replicate. They were maintained for a period of 4 weeks and data were collected on; final body weight, weight gain, feed intake, feed:gain and mortality. At the 56th week, carcass yield, cut-up parts and organs weights as well as some parameters were measured. The results showed that feed intake and feed:gain were significantly (p<0.05) higher in the cage system. Dressing percentage and breast weight were higher (p<0.05) in the floor housing system while drumstick and lung weight were higher in the cage system. No significant (p>0.05) difference was obtained in the haematology. It was then concluded that an improvement in the floor system could result into a better performance and an increased carcass yield. © 2008 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Anak titan chicks; Carcass yield; Haematology; Housing systems	animal; animal husbandry; article; chicken; comparative study; hematology; Animal Husbandry; Animals; Chickens; Hematology; Aves	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84863861090	In-vivo antimalarial and toxicological evaluation of Chrozophora senegalensis A. Juss (euphorbiaceae) extracts	Jigam A.A., Abdulrazaq U.T., Egbuta M.N.	2011	Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science	1	10	None	Malaria and Trypanosomiasis Research Unit, Department of Biohemistry, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria	Jigam, A.A., Malaria and Trypanosomiasis Research Unit, Department of Biohemistry, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria; Abdulrazaq, U.T., Malaria and Trypanosomiasis Research Unit, Department of Biohemistry, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria; Egbuta, M.N., Malaria and Trypanosomiasis Research Unit, Department of Biohemistry, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria	The antiplasmodial, analgesic, antiinflammatory and chronic dose effects of methanolic extract of Chrozophora senegalenesis A. Juss were studied in mice. Plasmodium berghei (NK 65 chloroquine sensitive strain) was inoculated into eighteen mice assigned to 3 groups of 6 mice each . Group I was treated with 75mg/kg bw C. Senegalensis, group II with 5mg/kg bw chloroquine phosphate (standard) and group III with 20ml/kg bw normal saline (Control). Anagelsia and antiinflammation were analysed by the Acetic acid induced abdominal constriction in mice and egg albumin induced paw oedema in rats respectively. Another set of 40 mice were divided into two groups of twenty each (test and control) and some serum parameters studied. The test animals were gavaged with extract while controls were given normal saline over a period of 5 weeks. C. senegalensis suppressed parasitemia in mice by 51.80%, had 37.05% anagelsia, and 60.92% anti-inflammatory activity. Body weights, packed cell volume and serum triacylglycerides significantly (p<0.05) decreased in mice given C. senegalensis while serum glucose, Aspartate amino transferase (AST), Alanine amino Transferase (ALT) and Alkaline phosphase (ALP) increased significantly (p<0.05) in the test mice over the study period. In conclusion, C.senegalensis is effective in the management of malaria but long term consumption can predispose to adverse physiological effects.	Analgesia; Antiinflammation; Chrozophora senegalensis; Physiological; Plasmodium berghei; Serum	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84860485806	Radiological Evaluation of the effects of varied doses of Celecoxib on fracture healing in dogs	Uwagie-Ero E.A., Kene R.C.	2011	Veterinary World	4	2	None	University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Uwagie-Ero, E.A., University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Kene, R.C., University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	To determine if Cyclooxygenase -2 (COX-2) functions in fracture healing, 10 dogs were treated with COX-2-selective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (Celecoxib) to reduce and stop COX-2-dependent prostaglandin production. Radiographic testing evaluation determined that fracture healing was not affected in dogs treated with a low dose of COX-2-selective NSAIDs (celecoxib) and delayed union was observed in dogs treated with a high dose of COX-2-selective NSAIDs (celecoxib). Celecoxib dose of 5 mg/kg/day did not affect fracture callus formed in the study group and did not cause a significant increase in the proportion of delayed unions, however, at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day it reduced the rate of fracture callus formation and significantly increased the proportion of delayed unions for dogs in the group.	Analgesia; Celecoxib; Cyclooxygenase; Dog; Fracture healing	Canis familiaris	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884260819	Phytochemical screening and evaluation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the methanol leaf extract of Cissus polyantha	Sani Y.M., Musa A.M., Yaro A.H., Sani M.B., Amoley A., Magaji M.G.	2013	Journal of Medical Sciences (Faisalabad)	13	8	10.3923/jms.2013.824.828	Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacology, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Ahmadu Bello	Sani, Y.M., Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Musa, A.M., Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Yaro, A.H., Department of Pharmacology, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria; Sani, M.B., Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Amoley, A., Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Magaji, M.G., Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Cissus polyantha is used in African traditional medicine is the management of pain and inflammatoiy conditions. This study was therefore designed to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatoiy activities of the methanol extract of the leaf of Cissus polyantha, as well as to establish the class of phytochemical constituents present in the extract. The analgesic effect was studied using acetic acid-induced writhing and hot plate tests in mice, while anti-inflammatoiy effect was investigated using carrageenan-induced hind paw oedema in rats. The results ofthe study showed that the extract significantly (50, 100, 200 mg kg-1) (p&lt;0.001) and dose-dependently inhibited acetic acid-induced writhing. The extract at dose of 100 mg kg-1 increased the mean pain responses by 69.25% compared to control. At the end of third hour after carrageenan administration, the various doses of the extract offered 65.67, 70.15 and 67.16% inhibition of hind paw oedema, respectively. These effects were more remarkable than those produced by ketoprofen (63.8%). Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of steroids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and anthraquinones. The intraperitoneal mean lethal dose (LD50) of the extract in mice was estimated to be 774.6 mg kg-1. The findings of this study showed that the methanol leaf extract of Cissus polyantha contains some pharmacologically active principle(s) with analgesic and anti-inflammatoiy activities and lend credence of the ethnomedical use of the plant in the management of pain and inflammatoiy conditions.	Analgesia; Cissus polyantha; Inflammation; Phytochemical analysis	acetic acid; analgesic agent; anthraquinone; antiinflammatory agent; carbohydrate; carrageenan; Cissus polyantha extract; flavonoid; glycoside; ketoprofen; methanol; pentazocine; plant extract; saponin; steroid; tannin; triterpene; unclassified drug; analgesic activity; animal experiment; animal model; antiinflammatory activity; article; Cissus; Cissus polyantha; controlled study; dose response; drug dose comparison; drug screening; drug structure; female; hot plate test; LD 50; male; mouse; nonhuman; pain; paw edema; phytochemistry; plant leaf; rat; toxicity testing; writhing test	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-56449085002	Design, synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of novel tetrasubstituted thiophene analogues as anti-inflammatory agents	Molvi K.I., Sudarsanam V., Patel M.M., Haque N.	2008	Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry	23	6	10.1080/14756360701608692	School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, B. V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development Centre, Ahmedabad Gujarat, India; Shree S. K. Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ganpat Vidayanagar, Mehsana Gujarat, India; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia	Molvi, K.I., School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Sudarsanam, V., Department of Medicinal Chemistry, B. V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development Centre, Ahmedabad Gujarat, India; Patel, M.M., Shree S. K. Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ganpat Vidayanagar, Mehsana Gujarat, India; Haque, N., Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia	A new series of tetrasubstituted thiophene analogues (4a-4f, 5a-5f and 8a-8i) were designed incorporating the pharmacophoric features of COX-1 (as in fenamates), 5-LOX and the p38 MAP kinase inhibitors. The designed series was synthesized by nucleophilic addition of aryl/ aroylisothiocyanate and enamine (2) yielding the addition product l-(α-Carbomethoxy-β-aminothiocrotonoyl)-aryl/aroyl amines (3/7); which on reaction with substituted phenacyl bromides gave the targeted tetrasubstituted thiophene esters (4a-4f/8a-8i). The tetrasubstituted thiophenes esters (4a-4f) on hydrolysis with one equivalent of potassium hydroxide solution in methanol at room temperature gave corresponding acids (5a-5f). All the targeted compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenin-induced rat hind paw oedema model at the doses of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg body weight using standard drugs mefanamic acid and ibuprofen. The compounds (4c, 4e, 4f, 5f, 8a- 8i) which gave reasonable protection to the inflamed paw, eliciting good or moderate comparable anti-inflammatory activity were selected for investigating their analgesic activity using acetic acid induced writhing response test in albino mice at 10 mg/kg dose using standard drug ibuprofen and in order to arrive at possible mechanism of their anti-inflammatory activity, in vitro antioxidant nitric oxide radical scavenging assay at the concentrations of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 μg/mL were performed using standard drug ascorbic acid.	Analgesic activity; Anti-inflammatory activity; Antioxidant activity; COX-inhibitors; Tetrasubstituted thiophenes	2 (4 methoxyanilino) 5 (4 nitrobenzoyl) 4 methylthiophene 3 carboxylic acid; 2 (4 methoxylanilino) 5 (3 nitrobenzoyl) 4 methylthiophene 3 carboxylic acid; 2 (4 methylanilino) 5 (3 nitrobenzoyl) 4 methylthiophene 3 carboxylic acid; 2 (4 methylanilino) 5 (4 chlorobenzoyl) 4 methylthiophene 3 carboxylic acid; 2 (4 methylanilino) 5 (4 nitrobenzoyl) 4 methylthiophene 3 carboxylic acid; 2 anilino 5 (4 nitrobenzoyl) 4 methylthiophene 3 carboxylic acid; antiinflammatory agent; ascorbic acid; ibuprofen; mefenamic acid; methyl 2 (2 furoylamino) 5 (2,4 dichlorobenzoyl) 4 methylthiophene 3 carboxylic acid; methyl 2 (2 furoylamino) 5 (3 nitrobenzoyl) 4 methylthiophene 3 carboxylic acid; methyl 2 (2 furoylamino) 5 (4 methoxybenzoyl) 4 methylthiophene 3 carboxylic acid; methyl 2 (2 furoylamino) 5 (4 nitrobenzoyl) 4 methylthiophene 3 carboxylic acid; methyl 2 (4 methoxyanilino) 5 (4 nitrobenzoyl) 4 methylthiophene 3 carboxylic acid; methyl 2 (4 methoxycanilino) 5 (3 nitrobenzoyl) 4 methylthiophene 3 carboxylic acid; methyl 2 (4 methylanilino) 5 (3 nitrobenzoyl) 4 methylthiophene 3 carboxylic acid; methyl 2 (4 methylanilino) 5 (4 chlorobenzoyl) 4 methylthiophene 3 carboxylic acid; methyl 2 (4 methylanilino) 5 (4 nitrobenzoyl) 4 methylthiophene 3 carboxylic acid; methyl 2 anilino 5 (4 nitrobenzoyl) 4 methylthiophene 3 carboxylic acid; methyl 2 benzoylanilino 5 (2,4 dichlorobenzoyl) 4 methylthiophene 3 carboxylic acid; methyl 2 benzoylanilino 5 (3 nitrobenzoyl) 4 methylthiophene 3 carboxylic acid; methyl 2 benzoylanilino 5 (4 methoxybenzoyl) 4 methylthiophene 3 carboxylic acid; methyl 2 benzoylanilino 5 (4 methylbenzoyl) 4 methylthiophene 3 carboxylic acid; methyl 2 benzoylanilino 5 (4 nitrobenzoyl) 4 methylthiophene 3 carboxylic acid; thiophene derivative; unclassified drug; analgesic activity; animal experiment; animal model; antiinflammatory activity; antioxidant activity; article; concentration response; controlled study; drug design; drug dose comparison; drug screening; drug synthesis; female; in vitro study; male; nonhuman; paw edema; priority journal; rat; writhing test; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Drug Design; Edema; Female; Male; Molecular Structure; Rats; Structure-Activity Relationship; Thiophenes; Mus; Rattus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34347402221	Evaluation of the effects of the aqueous extract of Vitex doniana root-bark on the peripheral and central nervous system of laboratory animals	Abdulrahman F.I., Onyeyili P.A., Sandabe U.K., Ogugbuaja V.O.	2007	Journal of Applied Sciences	7	10	None	Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria	Abdulrahman, F.I., Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria; Onyeyili, P.A., Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria; Sandabe, U.K., Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria; Ogugbuaja, V.O., Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria	Aim of this study to investigate the effects of aqueous extract of Vitrex doniana on the peripheral and central nervous systems and possibility to use it as folk medicine. The aqueous extract of Vitex doniana was soxhlet extracted with distilled water and concentrated in vacuo to give a yield of 8.5% w/w. The LD50 following intraperitoneal administration was estimated to be 980 mg kg-1. The aqueous extract of Vitex doniana from the study produced substantial depressant effects on both the peripheral and central nervous system. The aqueous extract induced sleep on its own at dose of 400 mg kg-1 and potentiated sodium thiopental sleeping time in a dose dependant manner. It also showed significant (p&lt;0.05) muscle relaxant activities and produced analgesia and weal anesthetic effect. The extract was able to confer 80% protection to rats treated with convulsive dose of PTZ, while it conferred 100% protection to rats treated with convulsion dose of strychnine. © 2007 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Analgesic; Anticonvulsant; Local anaesthetic; Muscle relaxant; Sleeping time; Vitex doniana	Analgesic; Anticonvulsant; Local anaesthetic; Muscle relaxants; Sleeping time; Vitex doniana; Anesthetics; Muscle; Rats; Sleep research; Neurophysiology	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953426613	Evaluation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory compounds from Stereospermum kunthianum (Bignoniaceae)	Ching F.P., Falodun A., Omogbai E.K.I., Okpo S.O., Ozolua R.I., Choudhary M.I.	2009	International Journal of PharmTech Research	1	4	None	Department of Pharmacology, College of Health Sciences, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Yenagoa, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacology and Tox	Ching, F.P., Department of Pharmacology, College of Health Sciences, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Yenagoa, Nigeria; Falodun, A., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Omogbai, E.K.I., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Okpo, S.O., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Ozolua, R.I., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Choudhary, M.I., H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan	Stereospermum kunthianum (Bignoniaceae) is a woody shrub of the Sudano-Guinea savannah regions of Africa where the plant parts are used to treat various ailments including inflammatory conditions (rheumatoid arthritis) and pain. In continuation of our study of the anti inflammatory activity of this plant, we subjected the compounds previously isolated and characterized to pharmacological evaluation using different models of inflammation. The analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the isolated compounds were studied using the Randall-Selitto and formalin-induced pain tests. At the dose of 20 mg/kg, Stereostin, Stereospermin (p<0.0001) and Stereospermiside (p<0.05) significantly increased the carrageenan-induced pain threshold compared to the distilled water treated animals. Similarly, at the same doses the three compounds significantly (p<0.0001) inhibited both phases of the formalin-induce pain with a more pronounced effect on the second phase than in the first phase. The results obtained show that the compounds from Stereospermum kunthianum possess analgesic and antiinflammatory activities. This paper reports for the first time the biological activity of these compounds from Stereospermum kunthianum stem bark.	Analgesic; Anti-inflammatory activities; Compounds; Stereospermin; Stereospermiside; Stereospermum kunthianum; Stereostin	carrageenan; formaldehyde; indometacin; morphine; plant glycoside; sodium chloride; stereospermin; stereospermiside; stereostin; unclassified drug; water; analgesia; animal behavior; animal experiment; animal model; antiinflammatory activity; article; Bignoniaceae; controlled study; female; licking; male; mouse; nonhuman; pain; pain threshold; rat; Stereospermum kunthianum; treatment outcome	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79961242007	Evaluation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities and phytochemical screening of the leaves extract of paullinia pinnata (Sapindaceae)	Ior L.D., Uguru M.O., Olotu P.N., Ohemu T.L., Ukpe A.	2011	Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research	3	4	None	Department of Pharmacology, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Jos, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Jos, Nigeria	Ior, L.D., Department of Pharmacology, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria; Uguru, M.O., Department of Pharmacology, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria; Olotu, P.N., Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Jos, Nigeria; Ohemu, T.L., Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Jos, Nigeria; Ukpe, A., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Jos, Nigeria	The ethanolic extract of the leaves of Paullinia pinnata was evaluated for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity. The analgesic effects were studied using two models: acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction test and hot plate method, in mice and rats respectively. The anti-inflammatory effect was investigated using egg white induced paw oedema in rat. The result of the study showed that P. pinnata extract (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) exhibited significant (p<0.05) analgesic effect in the two models. It also exhibited significant (p<0.05) anti-inflammatory effect at a dose of (400 mg/kg). This indicates that P. pinnata extract is effective in the management of peripherally and centrally induced pain. Phytochemical analysis of the extract revealed the presence of saponins, tannins, glycosides and flavonoids. The intraperitoneal LD50 of P. pinnata was found to be 1131 mg/kg. These results support some of the use of the plant in folk medicine.	Analgesic; Anti-inflammatoryactivity; Paullinia pinnata; Phytochemical screening	acetylsalicylic acid; alkaloid; analgesic agent; antiinflammatory agent; carbohydrate; cardiac glycoside; flavonoid; Paullinia pinnata extract; pentazocine; piroxicam; plant extract; saponin; tannin derivative; unclassified drug; acute toxicity; analgesic activity; animal experiment; antiinflammatory activity; article; controlled study; drug dose comparison; drug effect; drug screening; female; hot plate test; male; mouse; nonhuman; pain; Paullinia; Paullinia pinnata; paw edema; phytochemistry; rat; toxicity testing; writhing test	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939877670	Novel series of phenylalanine analogs endowed with promising anti-inflammatory activity: Synthesis, pharmacological evaluation, and computational insights	Palkar M.B., Praveen D.M., Ronad P.M., Viswanathswamy A.H.M., Rane R.A., Patel H.M., Shaikh M.S., Hampannavar G.A., Jain K.S., Karpoormath R.	2015	Medicinal Chemistry Research	24	5	10.1007/s00044-014-1272-x	Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, K.L.E. University College of Pharmacy, Vidyanagar, Hubli, Karnataka, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa; Department of Pharmacology, K.L.E. University College of Pharmacy, Vidyanagar, Hubli, Karnataka, India	Palkar, M.B., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, K.L.E. University College of Pharmacy, Vidyanagar, Hubli, Karnataka, India, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa; Praveen, D.M., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, K.L.E. University College of Pharmacy, Vidyanagar, Hubli, Karnataka, India; Ronad, P.M., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, K.L.E. University College of Pharmacy, Vidyanagar, Hubli, Karnataka, India; Viswanathswamy, A.H.M., Department of Pharmacology, K.L.E. University College of Pharmacy, Vidyanagar, Hubli, Karnataka, India; Rane, R.A., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa; Patel, H.M., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa; Shaikh, M.S., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa; Hampannavar, G.A., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa; Jain, K.S., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa; Karpoormath, R., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa	Abstract A novel series of methyl-2-(substituted benzylideneamino)-3-phenyl propionate (2a-j) derivatives have been synthesized. The title compounds (2a-j) were screened for in vivo acute anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities at a dose of 200 mg/kg b.w. Compound 2e exhibited the most promising and significant anti-inflammatory profile while compounds 2b, 2h, 2i, and 2j showed moderate to good inhibitory activity at 2nd and 4th h, respectively. These compounds were also found to have considerable analgesic activity (acetic acid-induced writhing model) and antipyretic activity (yeast-induced pyrexia model). In addition, the tested compounds were also found to possess less degree of ulcerogenic potential as compared to the standard NSAIDs. The synthesized compounds were further evaluated for their inhibitory activity against cyclooxygenase enzyme (COX-1/COX-2), by in vitro colorimetric COX (ovine) inhibitor screening assay method. The results revealed that the compounds 2b, 2e, 2h, 2i, and 2j exhibited selective and effective inhibition against COX-2. In an attempt to understand the ligand-protein interactions in terms of their binding affinity, docking studies were also performed using Molegro Virtual Docker (MVD-2013, 6.0) for the title compounds. It was observed that the binding affinities calculated were in agreement with the experimental IC<inf>50</inf> values. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York.	Analgesic; Anti-inflammatory; Antipyretic; Cyclooxygenase (COX); Docking; Phenylalanine; Schiff base; Ulcerogenic activity	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84905258580	Synthesis, anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive evaluation of palmitoyl benzamides	Baba H., Usifoh C.O., Igbinaduwa P.O.	2014	Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research	13	7	10.4314/tjpr.v13i7.17	Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	Baba, H., Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria; Usifoh, C.O., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Igbinaduwa, P.O., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	Purpose: To synthesize and characterize palmitoyl amino benzamides, and to evaluate them for possible anti-inflammatory and anti -nociceptive activities. Methods: Palmitoyl amino benzamides were synthesized by the opening of isatoic anhydride ring with respective amino acids (glycine, β-alanine and γ-aminobutyric acid) and the condensation of the product with palmitoyl chloride. The final products were purified on column chromatography, eluting with dichloromethane/ethyl acetate. All the compounds were unequivocally characterized using the combination of infra red (IR), 1H and 13C (nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), mass spectrometry (MS) and elemental analysis. In vivo anti -inflammatory and anti -nociceptive activities of the synthesized compounds at 20, 50 and 100mg/kg doses were carried out using carrageenan-induced paw oedema in rat and acetic acid-induced writhing in mice, respectively. Aspirin was used at a dose of 100mg/kg as the reference drug. Results: The compounds were obtained in high yield (70 - 90 %) and purity. The anti -inflammatory results showed a poor activity for the compounds except o-palmitoylamino N-carboxyethyl benzamide which produced significant inhibition (p < 0.05) at a dose of 50 mg/kg (43.8 % oedema inhibition) while the reference drug, aspirin, showed 51.3 % inhibition. The anti -nociceptive study, however, showed good inhibition (p < 0.05) of acetic acid-induced writhing, with o-palmitoylamino Ncarboxymethylbenzamide producing 86.2 % inhibition at 100 mg/kg dose compared with the reference drug (aspirin) which gave 74.3 % inhibition at 100 mg/kg. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that the synthesized compounds, though displaying poor anti-inflammatory activity, do possess promising anti-nociceptive activity. © Pharmacotherapy Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, 300001 Nigeria. All rights reserved.	Analgesic; Anti-inflammatory; Aspirin; Benzamide; Glycine; Palmitoyl; β-Alanine; γ-Aminobutyric acid	4 aminobutyric acid; acetylsalicylic acid; benzamide derivative; beta alanine; glycine; o palmitoylamino N carboxyethylbenzamide; o palmitoylamino N carboxymethylbenzamide; o palmitoylamino N carboxypropylbenzamide; palmitoyl amino benzamide; unclassified drug; animal experiment; animal model; antiinflammatory activity; antinociception; article; column chromatography; drug dose increase; drug purification; drug synthesis; female; infrared spectroscopy; male; mass spectrometry; mouse; nonhuman; nuclear magnetic resonance; paw edema; rat	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84953733024	Evaluation of the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of ethanol extract of the root of Mimosa Pigra Linn (fabaceae) in albino rats	Shorinwa O.A., Ubele C., Ukwueze S.E.	2015	International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences	7	7	None	Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Shorinwa, O.A., Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Ubele, C., Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Ukwueze, S.E., Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Objective: Mimosa pigra roots are used in traditional medicine in the treatment of fever, headaches and cold. This study investigated the ethanol extract of the root of Mimosa pigra for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities in albino rats. Methods: The analgesic activity was evaluated by radiant heat tail flick method while the anti-inflammatory effect was investigated using fresh egg albumin induced paw edema in rats. The plant extract was evaluated at 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg. All administrations were done through the oral route. Results: Preliminary phytochemical screening showed that the extract contains; steroids, tannins, flavonoids, phlobatanins, saponins. The LD50 was found to be greater than 5000 mg/kg. The results showed that oral administration of 250 mg/kg of Mimosa pigra showed significantly (P<0.05) analgesic activity in30, 60 and 150 minutes while 500 mg/kg produced significantly (P<0.05) analgesic activity in 30, 60, 120 and 150 minutes. The two tested doses (250 mg/kg and500 mg/kg) were found to produce percentage inhibition of rat paw edema (42.60% and 49%) at 150 minutes compared to the positive control group of 63.20%. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that the ethanol extract of this plant possesses significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. © 2015, International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science. All right resurved.	Analgesic; Anti-inflammatory; Ethanol; Mimosa pigra; Phytochemical	acetylsalicylic acid; alcohol; flavonoid; indometacin; Mimosa pigra extract; ovalbumin; phlobatannin; plant extract; saponin; steroid; tannin; triterpene; unclassified drug; analgesic activity; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; antiinflammatory activity; Article; controlled study; experimental paw edema; female; LD50; male; Mimosa; nonhuman; phytochemistry; plant root; rat; tail flick test; toxicity testing	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953377791	Evaluation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of n-butanol phase of the leaves extract of Microtrichia perotitii DC (Asteraceae)	Nuhu A.M., Ilyas N., Ibrahim H.	2010	Journal of Medicinal Plants Research	4	9	None	Department of Applied Science, CST, Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacognosy, Drug Development Ahmadu Bello University, Nigeria	Nuhu, A.M., Department of Applied Science, CST, Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna, Nigeria; Ilyas, N., Department of Pharmacognosy, Drug Development Ahmadu Bello University, Nigeria; Ibrahim, H., Department of Pharmacognosy, Drug Development Ahmadu Bello University, Nigeria	The n-butanol phase of the methanolic leaves extract of Microtrichia perotitii DC was studied for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. Both percent inhibition obtained from analgesic (59.30% for 100 mg/kg, 33.90% for 50 mg/kg and 69.20% for 25 mg/kg i.p) and anti-inflammatory (values for 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg were found significantly different at P < 05, P < 0.01 and P < 0.001) (mean paw diameter in hours) studies has shown that the leaves have very strong activity to prevent pains (writhing) in the central system and motor performance of the mice as well as the growth of oedema in the hind paw of the rats respectively. The analgesic effect is dosage independent while the anti-inflammatory effect is dosage dependent and all these activities could be associated with the type of phytochemicals likely to be present in the leaves of plant. © 2010 Academic Journals.	Analgesic; Anti-inflammatory; Microtrichia perotitii; N-butanol phase	acetic acid; alkaloid; analgesic agent; antiinflammatory agent; butanol; ether; flavonoid; hydrochloric acid; ketoprofen; methanol; Microtrichia perotitii extract; piroxicam; plant extract; saponin; sodium chloride; unclassified drug; water; analgesic activity; animal experiment; animal model; antiinflammatory activity; article; Asteraceae; central nervous system; controlled study; dose response; drug dose comparison; drug efficacy; drug megadose; female; inflammation; low drug dose; male; Microtrichia perotitii; motor performance; mouse; nonhuman; pain; paw edema; phytochemistry; plant leaf; rat; writhing test; Asteraceae; Mus; Rattus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-73449090879	Evaluation of the analgesic properties of the Datura metel seeds aqueous extract	Wannang N.N., Ndukwe H.C., Nnabuife C.	2009	Journal of Medicinal Plants Research	3	4	None	Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Nigeria; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Nigeria	Wannang, N.N., Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Nigeria; Ndukwe, H.C., Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Nigeria; Nnabuife, C., Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Nigeria	This work was carried out to investigate the analgesic activity of dried seed of Datura metel Linn. A concentrated aqueous extract was obtained, mimicking conditions used in traditional treatment setting, which includes dissolving the extract in water. As in this part of the world, experiments were carried out with the aqueous extract for its peripheral and central antinociceptive potentials on acetic acid-induced writhing and radiant heat tail-flick models in rats, respectively. There was sensation of pain by the rats administered with the extract in the two test models used, after 60 min and above of pretreatment with the seed extract of D. metel. Hence, the analgesic activity of D. metel seed extract was found not to be significant (P>0.05) on acetic acid induced model, as well as the radiant heat tail-flick model. The behavioural pattern of sedation and decreased appetite on administration of seed extract could be explained on the basis of the action of some receptors like μ-receptors in the CNS, which when stimulated have the intrinsic potential to reduce the distress or the affective component of pain without having any significant change in the intensity of the actual sensation. © 2009 Academic Journals.	Analgesic; Antinociceptive; Datura metel; Seed extract	acetic acid; alkaloid derivative; anthraquinone derivative; carbohydrate derivative; cardiac glycoside; Datura metel extract; flavonoid; phlobatannin derivative; plant extract; saponin derivative; tannin derivative; unclassified drug; analgesic activity; animal experiment; animal model; antinociception; aqueous solution; article; chemical composition; controlled study; Datura; Datura metel; decreased appetite; drug isolation; drug screening; experimental model; hot plate test; nonhuman; plant seed; rat; reaction time; sedation; tail flick test; writhing test; Datura metel; Rattus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84925443186	Pharmacological evaluation of the analgesic and anxiolytic activities of Jobelyn® in mice	Umukoro S., Eduviere A.T., Ogunbiyi R., Adeoluwa O.A.	2014	Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology	25	4	10.1515/jbcpp-2013-0149	Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Umukoro, S., Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Eduviere, A.T., Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Ogunbiyi, R., Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Adeoluwa, O.A., Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Background: This study presents the results of the pharmacological evaluation of the analgesic and anxiolytic potentials of Jobelyn®, a potent antioxidant African herbal formulation, in mice. The analgesic effect was assessed utilizing acetic acid-induced writhing, tail immersion and formalin-induced paw licking pain models. The anxiolytic activity was evaluated using elevated-plus maze (EPM) and light/dark box. Methods: Mice (5/group) were treated with JB (10-200 mg/kg, p.o.) 1 h before the tests were carried out. In the writhing test, the number of abdominal constrictions was recorded for a period of 30 min after induction of nociception with 0.6% acetic acid, i.p. In the tail immersion test, the latency to tail withdrawal responses to noxious heat was measured. The duration of paw licking (s) was measured as an index of nociception in the formalin test. In the anxiolytic test, the patterns of transition in the two arms of the EPM and in the light/dark box were assessed. Results: JB (10-200 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly inhibited the inflammatory pain produced by acetic acid as evidenced by decreased number of abdominal constrictions in comparison with the control. It also shows higher potency in suppressing the inflammatory pain associated with the second phase of the formalin test. However, JB did not exhibit anxiolytic properties nor modify the pain behavior in the tail immersion test. Conclusions: The results obtained from this study suggest that Jobelyn® might be efficacious against inflammatory pain and further support its recommendation for the management of pain with inflammation as the underlying factor.	Analgesic; Anxiety; Inflammatory pain; Jobelyn®	acetic acid; analgesic agent; antioxidant; anxiolytic agent; herbaceous agent; morphine; abdominal constriction; abdominal pain; African medicine; analgesic activity; animal experiment; animal model; Article; controlled study; drug effect; drug efficacy; drug screening; elevated plus maze test; formalin test; inflammatory pain; licking; light-dark test; male; mouse; nociception; nonhuman; statistical analysis; tail immersion test; tranquilizing activity; writhing test	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84876034731	Evaluation of analgesics usage in pain management among physicians	Kamaldeen A.-S., Omuya L.M., Buhari A.-S.M., Saka A.O., Saka M.J.	2012	Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science	2	6	10.7324/JAPS.2012.2618	Research Unit, Peace Standard Pharmaceuticals, Ilorin, Nigeria; Pharmacy Department Federal Medical Centre, Lokoja, Nigeria; Microbiology Department University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria; Paediatric and Child health, University of Ilorin	Kamaldeen, A.-S., Research Unit, Peace Standard Pharmaceuticals, Ilorin, Nigeria; Omuya, L.M., Pharmacy Department Federal Medical Centre, Lokoja, Nigeria; Buhari, A.-S.M., Microbiology Department University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria; Saka, A.O., Paediatric and Child health, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria; Saka, M.J., Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria	One of the objectives of the National drug policy is to promote the rational use of drugs by prescribers, dispensers and consumer. However, in developing countries, inappropriate prescribing has been identified among health facilities. Analgesics have been identified as one of the commonly prescribed drugs among prescribers in managing pain. Therefore, the objective of this study is to assess the analgesic usage among physicians at the outpatient department of a tertiary health facility. This study was a descriptive cross sectional survey. A total of 624 prescription sheets containing prescribed analgesics was obtained and examined. Data generated were analysed using SPSS version 15 software. The mean number of analgesics per prescription was 1.23 ± 0.49. The mean number of drug per prescription was 3.68 ± 1.54. A total of 16 analgesics were prescribed and the most prescribed analgesic was Paracetamol. There were low irrational analgesics combinations amongprescribers. Most of the analgesics were prescribed correctly. Majority of the analgesics were prescribed in generic names. Oral dosage form formed the bulk of the prescribed analgesics. Also, most of the analgesics were from the Essential DrugList and almost all analgesics prescribed were available in the Pharmacy department for dispensing to patients as at the time the prescriptions were written. This study revealed that pain management in the centre was largely in accordance to the National Drug Policy and Standard treatment guidelines.	Analgesic; Pain; Physician; Prescription	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84924340806	Evaluation of analgesic property of petroleum ether/ethyl acetate stem bark extract and fractions of Maerua angolensis in murine models of pain	Iliya H.A., Woode E.	2015	Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science	5	2	10.7324/JAPS.2015.50214	Department of Pharmacology, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	Iliya, H.A., Department of Pharmacology, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Woode, E., Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	This study investigated the possible antinociceptive action of the petroleum ether/ethyl acetate extract and fractions prepared from the stem barks of Maerua angolensis. The acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing, formalin-induced nociception, prostaglandin E2-induced mechanical hyperalgesia, bradykinin- and epinephrineinduced thermal hyperalgesia tests as well as Paw withdrawal test using Hargreaves thermal hyperalgesia model were used to assess the antinociceptive effects of the extract and the fractions after oral administration in rodents. Diclofenac and morphine were used as reference analgesic agents. Mice were submitted to the rotarod test in order to assess any non-specific muscle-relaxant effect of the extract and the fractions. The petroleum ether/ethyl acetate extract and the fractions of Maerua angolensis produced significant (P < 0.05) and dose-dependent antinociceptive effects in the acetic acid, formalin, prostaglandin E2, bradykinin, epinephrine and paw withdrawal tests. The extract and the fractions of Maerua angolensis (3 and 10 mg/kg) did not compromise the motor coordination of animals in the rotarod test, suggesting lack of central depressant effect. The petroleum ether/ethyl acetate extract and fractions of Maerua angolensis stem bark produced dose-dependent antinociception in murine models of chemical, mechanical and thermal nociception suggesting peripheral and central analgesic action. © 2015 Hosea Azi Iliy and Eric Woode.	Analgesic property; Fractions; Hyperalgesia; Maerua angolensis	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84866972182	Retrospective evaluation of analgesics prescribing pattern in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria	Ehikhamenor E.E., Aghahowa S.E., Azodo C.C.	2012	Journal of Medicine and Biomedical Research	11	1	None	Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, 300001, Nigeria	Ehikhamenor, E.E., Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, 300001, Nigeria; Aghahowa, S.E., Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, 300001, Nigeria; Azodo, C.C., Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, 300001, Nigeria	The study was designed to retrospectively evaluate the analgesics prescribing pattern in the Accident and Emergency (A and E) Unit of University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City. The data was retrieved from the pharmacy archives type of analgesics and its routes of administration whether oral or parenteral in all prescriptions from January 2000- December 2006. The analysis was done using SPSS version 13.0 and data presented in tabular form. The total utilization trend in this study showed that analgesic prescription increased over the years except for considered year 2003. The total analgesics utility increment from 2000 to 2006 was 189.5% which was high. Seventeen different types of analgesics were prescribed and utilized. Among them, 8 were utilized orally only, 3 were utilized parenterally only and 6 were used both orally and parenterally for different clinical conditions. Oral administration was more frequently used than parental route. Non-opioid type of analgesics was utilized more than opioid. With oral route being the most favoured route of administration and opioids with exception of tramadol were exclusively administered parenterally. Paracetamol was the commonest prescribed analgesic in accident and emergency department. The result of this study may help to predict the needs of patients thus providing a database for pharmacy stocking template for analgesics to prevent unnecessary donations and purchases. Relevant studies need to be carried out to determine the effectiveness of analgesics in the Accident and Emergency unit of our Centre.	Analgesics; Hospital; Nigeria; Pattern; Prescription	acetylsalicylic acid; analgesic agent; celecoxib; diclofenac; dipyrone; fentanyl; ibuprofen; indometacin; ketorolac; morphine; naproxen; narcotic analgesic agent; paracetamol; pentazocine; piroxicam; tenoxicam; tramadol; article; drug use; drug utilization; needs assessment; Nigeria; prescription; retrospective study; tertiary health care	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33751549294	High rates of HIV in surgical patients in Soweto, South Africa: impact on resource utilisation and recommendations for HIV testing	Martinson N.A., Omar T., Gray G.E., Vermaak J.S., Badicel M., Degiannis E., Steyn J., McIntyre J.A., Smith M.	2007	Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene	101	2	10.1016/j.trstmh.2006.04.002	Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Anatomical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Surgery, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Martinson, N.A., Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; Omar, T., Department of Anatomical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Gray, G.E., Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Vermaak, J.S., Department of Surgery, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Badicel, M., Department of Surgery, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Degiannis, E., Department of Surgery, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Steyn, J., Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; McIntyre, J.A., Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Smith, M., Department of Surgery, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Interactions between HIV and surgical diseases are relatively poorly described in high HIV prevalence settings. We report HIV prevalence and its associations in a prospective study of adults admitted to surgical units in Soweto, South Africa. Voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) for HIV was offered to surgical inpatients. Research nurses interviewed participants at enrolment and doctors reviewed records after discharge. In HIV-infected participants, CD4 counts and viral loads were ascertained. Of 1000 participants, 537 consented to VCT, of whom 176 (32.8%, 95% CI 28.8-36.9%) tested HIV positive. A history of tuberculosis (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 3.0, 95% CI 1.5-6.2) or sexually transmitted infection (AOR 2.7, 95% CI 1.8-4.2) was associated with HIV infection. Diagnoses of cutaneous abscesses (OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.4-8.1) and anorectal sepsis (OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.1-9.0) were associated with HIV and indicated advanced disease. There were no differences in rates of operative procedures, wound sepsis, investigations or length of stay by HIV status. Hospital-acquired pneumonia was more common in HIV-infected participants (P = 0.028). In conclusion, in this high HIV prevalence setting, resource utilisation is similar between HIV-infected and uninfected patients in surgical wards where high rates of HIV in young adults support routine HIV testing. WHO clinical staging of HIV should include anal sepsis as an indicator of advanced HIV disease. © 2006 Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.	Anal sepsis; Clinical staging; HIV; South Africa; Surgery; VCT	CD4 antigen; abdominal wall hernia; adult; anorectal disease; appendicitis; article; CD4+ T lymphocyte; cellulitis; controlled study; female; hemorrhoid; hospital admission; hospital infection; hospitalization; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; informed consent; injury; interview; lymphocyte count; major clinical study; male; medical record review; patient counseling; pneumonia; prevalence; prospective study; resource management; screening test; sepsis; sexually transmitted disease; skin abscess; skin disease; South Africa; staging; surgical infection; surgical patient; surgical technique; surgical ward; tuberculosis; virus load; wound infection; Adult; Aged; Cohort Studies; Female; Health Resources; HIV Infections; Hospitalization; Humans; Intraoperative Complications; Male; Middle Aged; Prevalence; Prospective Studies; South Africa; Viral Load; Wounds and Injuries	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84865264327	Evaluation of the chemical, nutritional, antimicrobial and antioxidant-vitamin profiles of Piliostigma thonningii leaves (Nigerian species)	Ighodaro O.M., Agunbiade S.O., Omole J.O., Kuti O.A.	2012	Research Journal of Medicinal Plant	6	7	10.3923/rjmp.2012.537.543	Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Lead City University, Ibadan, Nigeria	Ighodaro, O.M., Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Lead City University, Ibadan, Nigeria; Agunbiade, S.O., Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Lead City University, Ibadan, Nigeria; Omole, J.O., Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Lead City University, Ibadan, Nigeria; Kuti, O.A., Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Lead City University, Ibadan, Nigeria	In this study, the antioxidant-vitamin, phytochemical, mineral and proximate compositions as well as the antimicrobial sensitivity of Piliostigma thonningii leaves were evaluated. The dry leaf powder was found to contain alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids and tannins as phytochenicals in amounts between 0.2 to 2.1 g/100 g. The proximate analysis showed that they are rich in carbohydrate (72.17%). Other food nutrients include crude protein (10.09%), dietary fibre (23.05%), ash (9.13%), moisture (5.57%) and low amount of crude fat (2.81%). Ca, Mg, K, Na, Fe, Zn, Pb, Mn and Cu were the detectable mineral elements in the P. thoningii leaves. Ca and Pb had the highest (1740 mg/100 g) and lowest (0.4 mg/100 g) values, respectively. The plant leaves were also found to contain vitamin C (17.80 mg/100 g), vitamin E (3.29 mg/100 g) and beta carotene (12.5 mg/100 g). The results of the antimicrobial screening of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the leaves against eight human pathogenic microbes, five bacteria and three fungi showed that at 25 mg mL -1 concentration, both extracts exhibited potency range of 30.43 to 45.28% relative to a reference antibiotic (tetracycline). The ethanolic extract showed higher antimicrobial activities at all concentrations as compared to the aqueous extract. Results from the study have shown that Piliostigma thonningii leaves are a good source of some minerals, antioxidant-vitamins and efficient source of energy (energy value = 404.05 kcal/100 g). © 2012 Academic Journals Inc.	Analysis antimicrobial-sensitivity; Antioxidant-vitamin; Minerals; Phytochemical; Piliostigma thonningii; Proximate	alcohol; alkaloid derivative; alpha tocopherol; antiinfective agent; ascorbic acid; beta carotene; calcium; flavonoid; lead; piliostigma thonningii extract; plant extract; saponin; tannin derivative; tetracycline; unclassified drug; water; antifungal activity; antimicrobial activity; article; ash; biochemical composition; concentration response; controlled study; dietary fiber; drug determination; medicinal plant; moisture; nonhuman; nutrient concentration; nutrient content; Piliostigma thonningii; plant leaf; solvent effect	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84941911390	Evaluation of some heavy metals concentration in River Argungu	Obaroh I.O., Abubakar U., Haruna M.A., Elinge M.C.	2015	Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science	10	6	10.3923/jfas.2015.581.586	Department of Biological Sciences, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B. 1144, Aliero Birniin Kebbi, Nigeria; Department of Biological Sciences, Usmanu Danfodio Univeresity, Sokoto, Sokoto State, Nigeria; Department of Fisheries and Aqu	Obaroh, I.O., Department of Biological Sciences, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B. 1144, Aliero Birniin Kebbi, Nigeria; Abubakar, U., Department of Biological Sciences, Usmanu Danfodio Univeresity, Sokoto, Sokoto State, Nigeria; Haruna, M.A., Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Federal University Dutse, P.M.B. 7156Jigawa State, Nigeria; Elinge, M.C., Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B. 1144, Aliero, Birniin Kebbi, Nigeria	Pollution of inland water ways is largely as a result of human activities along the river banks. Some heavy metals concentrations of River Argungu were evaluated due to its close proximity to the town. The study lasted for 12 months (March, 2014-February, 2015) using Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (ED-XRF) Analysis. Nickel and copper were highest during the month of July with mean values of 1.02±0.02 and 1.81±0.23 mg L-1, respectively, lead and chromium were highest during the month of September with mean values of 13.12±0.18 and 0.14±0.05 mg L-1, respectively. The Mean±SD of eight heavy metals assessed indicated that, nickel, iron, lead and cadmium detected were observed to be higher than the permissible limit (nickel 0.02, iron 0.30, lead 0.01 and cadmium 0.003 mg L-1) throughout the study period. Zinc was however, lower than the permissible limit of World Health Organization (WHO) throughout the period of the study. Most of the highest concentrations of heavy metals observed were at the onset and during the rainy season. The high concentrations of some heavy metals observed in the river could be as a result of human activities mostly concentrated at the river banks and run-off during the rainy season. This study infers that, some fish species could be threaten as a result of the high concentrations of most of the heavy metals, thus the need for an efficient and sustainable fisheries management to control human activities along the river bank. © 2015 Academic Journals Inc.	Analysis; Composition; Concentration; Water samples; X-ray	anthropogenic effect; concentration (composition); fishery management; heavy metal; human activity; river bank; river pollution; river water; sustainability; X-ray; Argungu River; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-24044440115	Determination of lorazepam in plasma from children by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection	Muchohi S.N., Obiero K., Kokwaro G.O., Ogutu B.R., Githiga I.M., Edwards G., Newton C.R.J.C.	2005	Journal of Chromatography B: Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences	824	02-Jan	10.1016/j.jchromb.2005.07.040	Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, P.O. Box 43640, 00100 GPO, Nairobi, Kenya; Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research (Coast), P.O. Box 230, 80108 Kilifi, Kenya; Walter Reed Project/KEMRI Centre for Clinical Research, New Nyanza Provincial General Hospital, P.O. Box 54, Kisumu, Kenya; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology Research Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, L3 5QA Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, L69 3GE Liverpool, United Kingdom; Neurosciences Unit, Institute of Child Health, University of London, London, United Kingdom	Muchohi, S.N., Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, P.O. Box 43640, 00100 GPO, Nairobi, Kenya, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research (Coast), P.O. Box 230, 80108 Kilifi, Kenya; Obiero, K., Walter Reed Project/KEMRI Centre for Clinical Research, New Nyanza Provincial General Hospital, P.O. Box 54, Kisumu, Kenya; Kokwaro, G.O., Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, P.O. Box 43640, 00100 GPO, Nairobi, Kenya, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research (Coast), P.O. Box 230, 80108 Kilifi, Kenya, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Ogutu, B.R., Walter Reed Project/KEMRI Centre for Clinical Research, New Nyanza Provincial General Hospital, P.O. Box 54, Kisumu, Kenya; Githiga, I.M., Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Edwards, G., Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology Research Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, L3 5QA Liverpool, United Kingdom, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, L69 3GE Liverpool, United Kingdom; Newton, C.R.J.C., Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research (Coast), P.O. Box 230, 80108 Kilifi, Kenya, Neurosciences Unit, Institute of Child Health, University of London, London, United Kingdom	A simple, sensitive, selective, and reproducible reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method with UV detection was developed for the determination of lorazepam (LZP) in human plasma, using oxazepam (OZP) as internal standard. LZP and OZP were extracted from alkalinized (pH 9.5) spiked and clinical plasma samples using a single step liquid-liquid extraction with a mixture of n-hexane-dichloromethane (70:30%; v/v). Chromatographic separation was performed on a reversed-phase Synergi ® Max RP analytical column (150 mm × 4.6 mm i.d.; 4 μm particle size), using an aqueous mobile phase (10 mM KH2PO 4 buffer (pH 2.4)-acetonitrile; 65:35%, v/v) delivered at a flow-rate of 2.5 ml/min. Retention times for OZP and LZP were 10.2 and 11.9 min, respectively. Calibration curves were linear from 10 to 300 ng with correlation coefficients (r2) better than 0.99. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 2.5 and 10 ng/ml, respectively, using 0.5 ml samples. The mean relative recoveries at 20 and 300 ng/ml were 84.1 ± 5.5% (n = 6) and 72.4 ± 5.9% (n = 7), respectively; for OZP at 200 ng the value was 68.2 ± 6.8% (n = 14). The intra-assay relative standard deviations (R.S.D.) at 20, 150 and 270 ng/ml of LZP were 7.8%, 9.8% (n = 7 in all cases) and 6.6% (n = 8), respectively. The inter-assay R.S.D. at the above concentrations were 15.9%, 7.7% and 8.4% (n = 7 in all cases), respectively. Intra- and inter-assay accuracy data were within the acceptance interval of ±20% of the nominal values. There was no interference from other commonly co-administered anticonvulsant, antimicrobial, antipyretic, and antimalarial drugs. The method has been successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of LZP in children with severe malaria and convulsions following administration of a single intravenous dose (0.1 mg/kg body weight) of LZP.	Analysis in plasma; Children; High-performance liquid chromatography; Lorazepam; Pharmacokinetics	Bioassay; Concentration (process); Drug products; High performance liquid chromatography; Pharmacokinetics; Plasmas; Separation; Solvent extraction; Analysis in plasma; Children; Lorazepam; Oxazepam (OZP); Ultraviolet detectors; acetonitrile; analgesic agent; anticonvulsive agent; antiinfective agent; antimalarial agent; antipyretic agent; artesunate; buffer; chloramphenicol; chloramphenicol hemisuccinate; chloroquine; cycloguanil; diazepam; dichloromethane; fosphenytoin sodium; gentamicin; hexane; lorazepam; midazolam; oxazepam; paracetamol; penicillin G; phenobarbital; phenytoin; potassium derivative; proguanil; pyrimethamine; quinine; salicylic acid; sulfadoxine; accuracy; alkalinity; article; calibration; child; controlled study; correlation coefficient; drug blood level; drug determination; drug isolation; flow rate; human; liquid liquid extraction; particle size; priority journal; reproducibility; reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography; ultraviolet radiation; Anticonvulsants; Calibration; Child; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Lorazepam; Reproducibility of Results; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Artesunate; Cinchona pubescens	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-62749128032	Effect of analyte properties on the kinetic performance of liquid chromatographic separations	de Villiers A., Lynen F., Sandra P.	2009	Journal of Chromatography A	1216	16	10.1016/j.chroma.2008.11.101	University of Stellenbosch, Department of Chemistry, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Pfizer Analytical Research Centre, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4-bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium	de Villiers, A., University of Stellenbosch, Department of Chemistry, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Lynen, F., Pfizer Analytical Research Centre, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4-bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; Sandra, P., Pfizer Analytical Research Centre, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4-bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium	Advances in modern high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) have led to increased interest in the comparison of the ultimate performance limits of methodologies aimed at increasing the resolving power per unit time. Kinetic plot-based methods have proven invaluable in facilitating such evaluations. However, in bridging the gap between fundamental comparisons and the eventual practical applicability of kinetic performance data, the effect of analyte properties have thus far largely been neglected. Using pharmaceutical compounds as representative real-life analytes, it is demonstrated that noteworthy differences in the optimal kinetic performance of a chromatographic system are observed compared to data for common test compounds. For a given stationary phase particle size, higher optimal- and maximum plate numbers, corresponding to increased analysis times, are measured for pharmaceutical compounds. Moreover, it is found that the optimal particle size/maximum pressure combination depends on the analyte under investigation, with the beneficial range of efficiencies for small particles shifted towards higher plate numbers for drug molecules. It is further demonstrated that the pH of the mobile phase plays a crucial role in determining the kinetic performance of pharmaceutical compounds. These data clearly indicate that data for test compounds do not reflect the performance attainable for pharmaceutical compounds and highlights the importance of using real-life samples to perform kinetic evaluations. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Analyte properties; Kinetic performance; Liquid chromatography; Pharmaceutical compounds	Analyte properties; Analytes; Chromatographic systems; Drug molecules; High-performance liquid chromatographies; Kinetic evaluations; Kinetic plots; Liquid chromatographic separations; Mobile phase; Per units; Performance datum; Performance limits; Pharmaceutical compounds; Resolving power; Small particles; Stationary phase; Body fluids; Chromatography; High performance liquid chromatography; High pressure liquid chromatography; Liquids; Optimization; Particle size analysis; Chromatographic analysis; phenol derivative; propyl paraben; analytic method; analytical equipment; article; drug determination; instrumentation; kinetics; liquid chromatography; measurement; particle size; pH; priority journal; Chromatography, Liquid; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Solutions	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84893334876	Effects of job evaluation on decisions involving pay equity	Chaneta I.	2014	Asian Social Science	10	4	10.5539/ass.v10n4p145	Arts and Social Studies, University of Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe	Chaneta, I., Arts and Social Studies, University of Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe	Job evaluation's purpose is to compare all the jobs in the organisation, one with another, with the aim of producing a rank order. This rank order may be then be subdivided into groups of jobs of the same size which can, if desired, be placed within pay ranges or grades. While this approach is clearly more appropriate to large organisations, even in small organisations judgements have to be made about how one job compares with another, otherwise no decision can be made about relative pay and status. So, in effect, even where there is no formal method of job evaluation, jobs are evaluated in any case. It is really a question of how analytical the organisation wants to be.	Analytical; Appropriate; Pay ranges; Rank order; Relative pay; Subdivided	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349406495	Performance characterization of packed bed storage system	Adeyanju A.A.	2009	Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences	4	1	None	Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago, Nigeria	Adeyanju, A.A., Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago, Nigeria	Modeling of packed-bed heat transfer can be a problem of immense complexity in some cases requiring the use of 3-D finite-element techniques to understand the dynamics of stratification and fluid-solid interaction during different modes of operation. The analytical solution to the packed bed heat transfer was identified in this study and a set of governing equations that economically and accurately characterize the dominant energy transfer mechanisms in a charging or discharging packed bed storage tank over long time periods that include multiple cycles were analyzed. © Medwell Journal, 2009.	Analytical; Characterization; Heat transfer; Packed-bed; Stratification	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84856357730	Assessing the suitability and efficiency of high performance liquid chromatography instrument - A new aproach	Affum A.O., Gyan B.	2011	International Journal of Chemical Sciences	9	4	None	Chemistry Department, National Nuclear Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 80, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Immunology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana	Affum, A.O., Chemistry Department, National Nuclear Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 80, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Gyan, B., Immunology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana	A unique, cheap, precise and a simple analytical instrument qualification (AIQ) method was developed for a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) by using hypoxanthine, a universal nucleobase. This method could be used to determine the suitability of any HPLC that will be used for biomedical, environmental and food sample analysis. The volumetric flow of the mobile phase delivered by the pumps was consistent for given flow rate, with percent relative standard deviation (RSD %) of ± 0.05 % for pump A and B. The hypoxanthine calibration curve for the combined HPLC components in 1% acetonitrile and 0.05 M ammonium phosphate buffer at pH 6, as mobile phase was linear over a concentration range of 4 μM to 20 μM. A correlation coefficient of 0.95 and a sensitivity of 1824.2 AU/μM was obtained. A log-log analysis of the hypoxanthine calibration curve was linear. Column efficiency determined from toluene and biphenyl in 90: 10 % (v/v) methanol/water mixtures at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. was comparable to the results obtained by the manufacturer. In conclusion, it was determined that the HPLC instrument operated within the manufacturer specified and user approved parameters.	Analytical instrument qualification (AIQ); Calibration; Column efficiency; Flow rate; High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC); Hypoxanthine; Spectrophotometer	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84862255605	Contaminant transport from disposal sites and potential impact on groundwater	Eshiet K.I., Agunwamba J.C.	2012	Journal of Environmental Science and Technology	5	5	10.39231jest.2012.306.318	Department of Civil Engneering, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria; Department of Civil Engneering, University of Nigeria, Nigeria	Eshiet, K.I., Department of Civil Engneering, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria; Agunwamba, J.C., Department of Civil Engneering, University of Nigeria, Nigeria	Prediction of groundwater reserve pollution by disposal sites was carried out using the Avu dumpsite situated at Owerri-Port Harcourt expressway, Owerri, Imo state. This was achieved through the use of an analytical solution to the Advective-Dispersive solute transport model. The contaminant compounds of interest were Nitrates and Phosphates due to their hazardous nature and predominance in environmental and health problem issues. The actual concentrations of Nitrates and Phosphates were determined experimentally by obtaining samples at a regular depth interval of 0.5 m from two locations at the dumpsite and at a control location. The prehcted values were compared with the actual concentration values; a statistical analysis conducted to establish the relationship between the two variables. The Product-Moment coefficient of correlation, r between the predicted concentration values and the actual concentration values are high for both Nitrate and Phosphate. In addition, an inference test was conducted which positively established the fact that the presence of the dumpsite has a significant adverse effect on the surrounding soil and water environment. The predictions showed that the groundwater reserve might be polluted by the excessive Phosphate concentration (&gt;0.02 mg L-1), while Nitrate is within the standard for use as drinking water (&gt;10 mg L-1). © 2012 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Analytical modelling; Contaminant transport; Groundwater pollution	concentration (composition); drinking water; environmental impact; groundwater pollution; nitrate; numerical model; phosphate; pollutant transport; solute transport; statistical analysis; waste disposal; Imo; Nigeria; Owerri	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84904679522	Calculation methods and effects of end-winding inductance and permanent-magnet end flux on performance prediction of nonoverlap winding permanent-magnet machines	Potgieter J.H.J., Kamper M.J.	2014	IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications	50	4	10.1109/TIA.2013.2295468	Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa; Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, United Kingdom	Potgieter, J.H.J., Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, United Kingdom; Kamper, M.J., Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa	Due to the short end windings of nonoverlap winding permanent-magnet (PM) machines, the end-winding inductance component is generally ignored in the design. In most cases, the end-flux fringing effects in PMs are also not taken into account. It is shown in this paper that these end effects have a significant influence on the performance parameters of the machine. In this paper, several nonoverlap winding PM machines are considered with respect to the effects of end-winding inductance and PM end-flux fringing. A number of calculation methods for the per-phase end-winding inductance of the machines are compared. A new simple analytical calculation method is proposed, which is shown to give a relatively good prediction of the end-winding inductance compared with 3-D finite-element (FE) results. It is proposed in this paper that the PM strength should be reduced by a certain fringing factor to take the end-flux fringing effects into account in the 2-D FE analysis. Practical measurements are also presented to validate the FE calculations and to give an indication on the effects that are caused by the end-winding inductance and the PM end-flux fringing. © 2013 IEEE.	analytical models; design optimization; end windings; finite element methods; flux fringing; Inductance; permanent magnet machines; saturation magnetization	Analytical models; Finite element method; Inductance; Permanent magnets; Saturation magnetization; Analytical calculation; Design optimization; End windings; FE calculations; Fringing effects; Performance parameters; Performance prediction; Permanent-magnet machine; Winding	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33750284876	Evaluation of Picralima nitida: Hypoglycemic activity, toxicity and analytical standards	Inya-Agha S.I., Ezea S.C., Odukoya O.A.	2006	International Journal of Pharmacology	2	5	None	Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria	Inya-Agha, S.I., Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Ezea, S.C., Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Odukoya, O.A., Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria	Hypoglycemic activity in Picralima nitida Stapf (Apocynaceae), recorded as an index of blood glucose was confirmed in normal and intraperitonially induced alloxan diabetic albino rats with glibenclamide as reference standard and normal saline as control. Toxicity study was evaluation of acute (15 days) tests. 100, 300 and 900 ing kg-1 of the extracts to normal rats resulted in significant (p&lt;0.01) lowering of fasting blood sugar after 8 h. Extract maintained hypoglycemic action throughout the 24 h of study indicating a long duration of action. In normal rats, pulp extract (100 mg kg-1) produced a maximum percentage reduction of 38.35%, rind extract (900 mg kg-1) 46.19% and seed extract (100 mg kg-1) 36.81%. Alloxan induced rats were pulp 85.85% (300 mg kg-1), seed 83.26% (300 mg kg-1) and rind 80.25% (900 mg kg-1), respectively. Order of activity recorded as pulp &gt; seed &gt; rind. Acute toxicities (LD50) of pulp, seed and rind were 7071.06, 948.68 and 1364.91 mg kg-1, respectively. Analytical standards were moisture content, ash and extractive values for quality assurance. © 2006 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Analytical standards; Hypoglucemic activity; Phytochemical screening; Picralima nitida; Toxicity	alkaloid; alloxan; carbohydrate; flavonoid; glibenclamide; glycoside; Picralima nitida extract; plant medicinal product; resin; saponin; sodium chloride; steroid; tannin; terpenoid; unclassified drug; vegetable protein; animal experiment; animal model; Apocynaceae; article; controlled study; diabetes control; diabetes mellitus; diet restriction; dose response; drug dose regimen; drug screening; extraction; female; glucose blood level; male; medicinal plant; moisture; nonhuman; picralima nitida; plant morphology; plant seed; quality control; rat; rat strain	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79958209692	Evaluation of ore transport options from Kwesi Mensah Shaft to the mill at the Obuasi mine	Owusu-Mensah F., Musingwini C.	2011	International Journal of Mining, Reclamation and Environment	25	2	10.1080/17480930.2010.538988	Mineral Resources Management, AngloGold Ashanti Ltd, P.O. Box 10, Obuasi, Ghana; School of Mining Engineering, University of Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, WITS 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa	Owusu-Mensah, F., Mineral Resources Management, AngloGold Ashanti Ltd, P.O. Box 10, Obuasi, Ghana; Musingwini, C., School of Mining Engineering, University of Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, WITS 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa	This article illustrates the application of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to evaluate surface ore transport options for the underground mine at Anglo-Gold Ashanti's Obuasi mine in Ghana. The mine currently transports about 175,000 tpm of ore from four shafts to the mill using contractor trucking. The mine's current business plan requires the underground ore production to be increased from 175,000 to 220,000 tpm. The extra tonnage is to feed the new tailings sulphide plant, located adjacent to the existing mill. This change necessitated a review of ore transport options between the Kwesi Mensah Shaft and the mill. The four options that were considered are the continued use of contractor trucking, purchasing mine-owned trucks and using surface or underground conveyors. The evaluation criteria were categorised under the broad areas of economic, environmental and technical criteria. Since multiple options and criteria had to be evaluated simultaneously, it was appropriate to use the AHP for the selection process. Five experts on the mine participated in the evaluation exercise which revealed that surface conveyors were the most-favoured option. This is the first time that a more structured approach has been used successfully for equipment selection at Obuasi mine and there is adequate scope for future use of the AHP technique on the mine in mine planning or equipment selection. © 2011 Taylor & Francis.	Analytic hierarchy process (AHP); Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) model; Canadian conservation institute (CCI); Multi criteria decision analysis (MCDA)	Business plans; Canadian conservation institute (CCI); Continued use; Equipment selection; Evaluation criteria; Mine planning; Multi-criteria decision analysis; Ore transport; Selection process; Structured approach; Underground mine; Analytic hierarchy process; Automobiles; Contractors; Conveyors; Hierarchical systems; Mine trucks; Ores; Surface mine transportation; Truck transportation; Trucks; Underground mine transportation; Mine shafts; analytical hierarchy process; gold mine; mining; mining industry; multicriteria analysis; numerical model; ore deposit; ore mineral; production system; shaft; trucking; Ghana	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84907971733	Assessing the performance of smallholder irrigation and deriving best management practices in South Africa	Gomo T., Senzanje A., Mudhara M., Dhavu K.	2014	Irrigation and Drainage	63	4	10.1002/ird.1815	University of KwaZulu-Natal, Bioresources Engineering, School of Engineering, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; University of KwaZulu-Natal, Agricultural Economics and Farmer Support Group, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa	Gomo, T., University of KwaZulu-Natal, Bioresources Engineering, School of Engineering, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Senzanje, A., University of KwaZulu-Natal, Bioresources Engineering, School of Engineering, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Mudhara, M., University of KwaZulu-Natal, Agricultural Economics and Farmer Support Group, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Dhavu, K., University of KwaZulu-Natal, Bioresources Engineering, School of Engineering, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa	The performance of smallholder irrigation schemes is multidimensional and can be looked at from different perspectives. This study assessed the technical performance of the Mooi River irrigation scheme (MRIS) to derive a comprehensive set of best management practices (BMPs). This was done acknowledging that the farmer is now the water manager, in line with participatory irrigation management (PIM) and irrigation management transfer (IMT) concepts. Five performance indicators related to water supply and delivery and agricultural performance were assessed through the field measurement method during spring and summer of the 2010/2011 season. Farmers were interviewed through a questionnaire to gather suggestions on ways to improve the performance of their scheme. Their responses helped in the selection of the BMPs for the scheme which were then ranked using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The results show a scheme average conveyance efficiency of 86.4%, maximum dependability of irrigation interval between water applications of 2.57 in spring and the scheme relative irrigation supply of 1.48. Agricultural performance indicators-output per unit irrigation supply and water productivity (ET)-were found to be 0.64 and 5.37kgm-3, respectively. Irrigation scheduling was the most preferred BMP by the farmers, while volumetric measurement of irrigation water used by each block was the least preferred. This study concludes that water management in smallholder schemes is poor, thus affecting performance of these schemes, and that farmers are aware of the problems and possible solutions to perennial problems hindering performance in smallholder schemes. The study recommends deepening farmers' participation in policy formulation and derivation of BMPs. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Analytic hierarchy process; Best management practice; Performance; Smallholder irrigation	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897140669	Modeling variation of performance metric of distributed memory heterogeneous parallel computer system using analytic and recursive models	Oguike O.E., Agu M.N., Echezona S.C.	2011	International Journal of Simulation: Systems, Science and Technology	12	5	None	Department of Computer Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria	Oguike, O.E., Department of Computer Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; Agu, M.N., Department of Computer Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; Echezona, S.C., Department of Computer Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria	In a heterogeneous parallel computer system, the computational power of each of the processors differs from one another. Furthermore, with distributed memory, the capacity of the memory, which is distributed to each of the processors, differs from one another. Using queuing system to describe a distributed memory heterogeneous parallel computer system, each of the heterogeneous processors will have its own heterogeneous queue. The variation of a performance metric of heterogeneous parallel computer system with distributed memory needs to be modeled because it will help designers of parallel computer system to determine the extent of variation of a performance metric. It will also help users to know when to realize minimum variation of a performance metric. This paper models the variation of a performance metric of distributed memory heterogeneous parallel computer system using analytic and recursive models.	Analytic models; Distributed memory; Heterogeneous parallel computer; Parallel computer system; Queuing network; Recursive model; Variation	Parallel processing systems; Queueing networks; Analytic models; Distributed Memory; Parallel computer; Parallel computer systems; Queuing network; Recursive modeling; Variation; Distributed computer systems	None
WoS	WOS:000267270800004	Evaluating multi-stakeholder perceptions of project impacts: a participatory value-based multi-criteria approach	Mendoza, Guillermo A.,Prabhu, Ravi	2009	INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND WORLD ECOLOGY	16	3	10.1080/13504500902919672	International Livestock Research Institute, University of Illinois System, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign	"Mendoza, Guillermo A.: University of Illinois System","Mendoza, Guillermo A.: University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","Prabhu, Ravi: International Livestock Research Institute"	This paper describes a participatory multi-stakeholder impact assessment approach based on the concept of a value tree (VT), generated using the value focused thinking method (VFT) developed by Keeney (1992). This approach allows stakeholders to specify impact parameters to be evaluated, which in the context of the VT, are organized as goals, objectives and alternatives. The approach is implemented in two phases: Phase I is designed to formulate stakeholders' collective VT following VFT concepts and the cognitive mapping method, and Phase II is a participatory valuation approach based on the VT formed in Phase I. The Wand the VFT concepts are adopted as tools to capture different stakeholders' values, goals and perceptions. The resulting VT is structured as a hierarchy between goals and objectives, and a network consisting of relationships, linkages and cross-impacts of the different alternatives and objectives. The hierarchy and network structure enables stakeholders to decompose complex assessment problem into 'smaller' units, which makes for easier and clearer assessment context, without ignoring linkages of the units or assessment elements. The second phase allows stakeholders to express their preferences with respect to each assessment element, through a voting system that ultimately leads to measures of importance or relative weights associated with each element. A modified Analytic Hierarchy Process (called Analytic Network Process) was used to distill relative weights from the voting results. Results obtained from a case study in a Zimbabwean community forest show that the proposed approach is easy to implement and can address questions about whether a project can lead to a positive change in attitudes, and whether the changes actually lead to a propensity to adopt alternatives that the project supports (e.g. conservation-oriented alternatives).	"analytic network process","multi-criteria analysis","participatory analysis","project assessment","ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS","FOREST MANAGEMENT",POLICY,PREFERENCES	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34948867279	Source rock evaluation of coals from the lower Maastrichtian Mamu Formation, SE Nigeria	Akande S.O., Ogunmoyero I.B., Petersen H.I., Nytoft H.P.	2007	Journal of Petroleum Geology	30	4	10.1111/j.1747-5457.2007.00303.x	Department of Geology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark	Akande, S.O., Department of Geology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Ogunmoyero, I.B., Department of Geology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Petersen, H.I., Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark; Nytoft, H.P., Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark	The Lower Maastrichtian Mamu Formation in the Anambra Basin (SE Nigeria) consists of a cyclic succession of coals, carbonaceous shales, silty shales and siltstones interpreted as deltaic deposits. Sub-bituminous coals within this formation are distributed in a north-south trending belt from Enugu-Onyeama to Okaba in the north of the basin. Maceral analyses showed that the coals are dominated by huminite with lesser amounts of liptinite and inertinite. Despite high liptinite contents in parts of the coals, an HI versus Tmax diagram and atomic H/C ratios of 0.80-0.90 and O/C ratios of 0.11-0.17 classify the organic matter in the coals as Type III kerogen. Vitrinite reflectance values (%Rr) of 0.44 to 0.6 and Tmax values between 417 and 429°C indicate that the coals are thermally immature to marginally mature with respect to petroleum generation. Hydrogen Index (HI) values for the studied samples range from 203 to 266 mg HC/g TOC and S1 + S2 yields range from 141.12 to 199.28 mg HC/g rock, suggesting that the coals have gas and oil-generating potential. Ruthenium tetroxide catalyzed oxidation (RTCO) of two coal samples confirms the oil-generating potential as the coal matrix contains a considerable proportion of long-chain aliphatics in the range C19-35. Stepwise artificial maturation by hydrous pyrolysis from 270°C to 345°C of two coal samples (from Onyeama, HI = 247 mg HC/g TOC; and Owukpa, HI = 206 mg HC/g TOC) indicate a significant increase in the S 1 yields and Production Index with a corresponding decrease in HI during maturation. The Bitumen Index (BI) also increases, but for the Owukpa coal it appears to stabilize at a T max of 452-454°C, while for the Onyeama coal it decreases at a Tmax of 453°C. The decrease in BI suggests efficient oil expulsion at an approximate vitrinite reflectance of ∼I%Rr. The stabilization/ decrease in BI is contemporaneous with a significant change in the composition of the asphaltene-free coal extracts, which pass from a dominance of polar compounds (∼77-84%) to an increasing proportion of saturated hydrocarbons, which at &gt;330°C constitute around 30% of the extract composition. Also, the n-alkanes change from a bimodal to light-end skewed distribution corresponding to early mature to mature terrestrially sourced oil. Based on the obtained results, it is concluded that the coals in the Mamu Formation have the capability to generate and expel liquid hydrocarbons given sufficient maturity, and may have generated a currently unknown volume of liquid hydrocarbons and gases as part of an active Cretaceous petroleum system. © 2007 Scientific Press Ltd.	Anambra Basin; Cretaceous; Mamu Formation; Oil generation; SE Nigeria; Source rock; Sub-bituminous coals	Carbonaceous shale; Catalytic oxidation; Oil bearing formations; Pyrolysis; Silt; Long-chain aliphatic; Maceral analysis; Petroleum generation; Ruthenium tetroxide catalyzed oxidation; Stepwise artifical maturation; Coal; hydrocarbon generation; Maastrichtian; source rock; subbituminous coal; thermal maturity; vitrinite reflectance; Africa; Anambra Basin; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84855408884	Evaluation of HIV/AIDS prevention-reduction services of Anambra state (Nigeria) action campagne (Ansaca) from 2004- 2006	Ezeokana J.O., Ntomchukwu M.S., Bernardette E., Nnedum O.A.U.	2012	European Journal of Social Sciences	27	2	None	Department of Psychology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria; Department of Psychology, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria; Department of Science Education, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria; Department of Psychology, Nnamdi Azikiwe	Ezeokana, J.O., Department of Psychology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria; Ntomchukwu, M.S., Department of Psychology, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria; Bernardette, E., Department of Science Education, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria; Nnedum, O.A.U., Department of Psychology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria	The aim of the study is to independently evaluate the success reported by the committee of the Anambra State (Nigeria) Action Campaign (ANSACA) on reduction of the risk of contracting and spreading HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted illness (STI) among heterosexually active young people. The evaluation of intervention efficacy includes assessment of the impact of the skill based intervention to high risk sexual behaviour outcome - sexual negotiation. Results derived from a survey of 147 at-higher-risk young people (Nigerians) from three urban city centres in Anambra State empirically established the predictor-criterion relationship of ANSACA's HIV/AIDS prevention training to participant's attitudinal dispositions to high risk heterosexual behaviour. Further research to examine the "harder" measures of HIV/AIDS prevention related to social skill training outcomes is recommended. The findings were discussed in the light of Attitude-Behaviour Consistency Theory (Fishbien & Ajzen, 1977). © EuroJournals Publishing, Inc. 2012.	Anambra state (Nigeria) action campaign (Ansaca) programme; Evaluation; Heterosexually active young people; Reduction of risk of contracting and spreading HIV/AIDS; Sexually transmitted illness (STI)	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84870325433	Evaluation of the anti-asthma activity of aqueous root bark extract of ficus exasperata vahl (Moraceae)	Okpo S.O., Eze G.I., Ajaanonwu I.H., Ijei O.L., Uwaya D.O., Ologe V.	2012	International Journal of Health Research	5	1	None	Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Benin, Benin City 300001, Nigeria; Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	Okpo, S.O., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Benin, Benin City 300001, Nigeria; Eze, G.I., Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Ajaanonwu, I.H., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Benin, Benin City 300001, Nigeria; Ijei, O.L., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Benin, Benin City 300001, Nigeria; Uwaya, D.O., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Benin, Benin City 300001, Nigeria; Ologe, V., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Benin, Benin City 300001, Nigeria	Purpose: Ficus exasperata Vahl is used in folk medicine in the management of various ailments including cough bronchitis, asthma and other respiratory diseases. Methods: The effect of the aqueous root bark extract of Ficus exasperata on asthma was evaluated using three models: tracheal phenol red secretion in mice, histamine-induced bronchoconstriction and anaphylactic bronchoconstriction in guinea pigs. Results: The extract (200 and 500mg/kg) produced a dose dependent prolongation of preconvulsive breathing induced by challenge with ovalbumin in antigen-sensitized guinea pigs. Administration of the extract during the sensitization period (20mg/kg/day) or 1 hr prior to (100, 200 and 500mg/kg) challenge with histamine caused significant prolongation of the preconvulsive breathing time. Histopathologic analysis of the trachea and lung showed a decreased tracheal cartilage and wall thickness as well as reduced mucus plugging of the alveoli in animals pretreated with the extract for 28 days. The extract (100, 200 and 500 mg/kg) also produced a dose-dependent and significant (p<0.001) prolongation of histamine-induced bronchoconstriction but did not exhibit any significant reduction in the ammonium chloride- and pilocarpine-induced phenol red secretion from the trachea. Protection conferred by the extract was comparable to that of the standard mast cell stabilizing drug-sodium cromoglycate - on the same models. Conclusion: Results obtained in the study suggest that the anti-asthma activity of the extract may be more on reduction in bronchial hyperreactivity than on mucus hypersecretion.	Anaphylaxis; F. exasperata; Histamine aerosol; Ovalbumin; Trachea	antiasthmatic agent; cromoglycate disodium; Ficus exasperata extract; histamine H1 receptor; plant extract; unclassified drug; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; antiasthma activity; article; asthma; bark; controlled study; dose response; drug activity; drug dose comparison; drug effect; drug efficacy; drug screening; female; Ficus; Ficus exasperata; guinea pig; in vivo study; male; mediator release; mouse; mucus secretion; nonhuman; plant root; sensitization	None
None	None	Epidemiological aspects and economic impact of bovine theileriosis (East Coast fever) and its control: A preliminary assessment with special reference to Kibaha district, Tanzania	Kivaria F.M., Ruheta M.R., Mkonyi P.A., Malamsha P.C.	2007	Veterinary Journal	173	2	10.1016/j.tvjl.2005.08.013	Animal Diseases Research Institute, P.O. Box 9254, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Kivaria, F.M., Animal Diseases Research Institute, P.O. Box 9254, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Ruheta, M.R., Animal Diseases Research Institute, P.O. Box 9254, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Mkonyi, P.A., Animal Diseases Research Institute, P.O. Box 9254, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Malamsha, P.C., Animal Diseases Research Institute, P.O. Box 9254, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	A cross-sectional study based on clinical examination, inspection of herd health records and a questionnaire was designed to determine the epidemiology, economics and potential impact of immunisation against theileriosis in Tanzania. The results showed annual theileriosis costs to be US$ 205.40 per head, whereas the introduction of immunisation reduced this by 40-68% depending on the post immunisation dipping strategy adopted. Morbidity risk due to theileriosis was 0.048 in immunised and 0.235 in non-immunised cattle, and the difference was significant (χ2 = 66.7; P = 0.000). The questionnaire results indicated that immunised cattle had a significantly (χ2 = 6; P = 0.015) higher risk of anaplasmosis compared with non-immunised cattle, whereas the risk of bovine babesiosis did not differ significantly (χ2 = 0.06; P = 0.807) between the two groups. Mortality risk due to anaplasmosis was 0.046 in immunised and 0.018 in non-immunised cattle and this difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 4.48; P = 0.043). The theileriosis mortality risk was 0.203 in the non-immunised cattle, while the risk was 0.009 in the immunised cattle and these differences were also significant (χ2 = 103; P = 0.000). It was concluded that farmers who have immunised their cattle may cautiously cut down acaricide application by 50% for extensively grazed herds and by 75% for zero grazed animals depending on the level of tick challenge at the herd level. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Anaplasmosis; Babesiosis; Cost benefit ratio; Infection and treatment method; Net present value; Tanzania; Theileriosis; Tick-borne disease	acaricide; agricultural worker; anaplasmosis; animal experiment; animal model; animal parasitosis; article; babesiosis; cattle disease; clinical examination; controlled study; cost benefit analysis; economic evaluation; epidemiological data; grazing; herd; immunization; medical record; morbidity; mortality; nonhuman; prevalence; questionnaire; statistical significance; Tanzania; Animals; Cattle; Cross-Sectional Studies; Data Collection; Insecticides; Protozoan Vaccines; Tanzania; Theileriasis; Tick Control; Vaccination; Animalia; Bos; Bovinae; Ixodida	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-72349088098	The impact of a small-scale irrigation scheme on malaria transmission in Ziway area, Central Ethiopia	Kibret S., Alemu Y., Boelee E., Tekie H., Alemu D., Petros B.	2010	Tropical Medicine and International Health	15	1	10.1111/j.1365-3156.2009.02423.x	Department of Biology, Addis Ababa University, PO Box 14001, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; International Water Management Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Kibret, S., Department of Biology, Addis Ababa University, PO Box 14001, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Alemu, Y., Department of Biology, Addis Ababa University, PO Box 14001, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Boelee, E., International Water Management Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Tekie, H., Department of Biology, Addis Ababa University, PO Box 14001, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Alemu, D., Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Petros, B., Department of Biology, Addis Ababa University, PO Box 14001, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Objective To assess the impact of a small-scale irrigation scheme in Ziway area, a semi-arid area in the Central Ethiopian Rift Valley, on malaria transmission. Method Parasitological, entomological and socio-economic studies were conducted in a village with and a village without irrigation. Blood smear samples were taken from individuals during the dry and wet seasons of 2005/2006. Socio-economic data were collected from household heads and key agricultural and health informants through interviews and questionnaires. Larval and adult mosquitoes were sampled during the dry and short wet seasons of 2006. Female anopheline mosquitoes were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for blood meal sources and sporozoite infections. Results Malaria prevalence was higher in the irrigated village (19%, P < 0.05) than the non-irrigated village (16%). In the irrigated village, malaria prevalence was higher in the dry season than in the wet season while the reverse occurred in the non-irrigated village. Households with access to irrigation had larger farm land sizes and higher incomes, but also higher prevalence of malaria. Larval and adult abundance of the malaria vectors, Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles pharoensis, was higher in the irrigated than in the non-irrigated village throughout the study period. Furthermore, the abundance of An. pharoensis was significantly higher than that of An. arabiensis during the dry irrigated period of the year. Canal leakage pools, irrigated fields and irrigation canals were the major breeding habitats of the two vector mosquitoes. Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite infection rates of 1.18% and 0.66% were determined for An. arabiensis and An. pharoensis in the irrigated village. Peak biting activities of the vectors occurred before 22:00 h, which is a source of concern that the effectiveness of ITNs may be compromised as the mosquitoes feed on blood before people go to bed. Conclusion Irrigation schemes along the Ethiopian Rift Valley may intensify malaria by increasing the level of prevalence during the dry season. To reduce the intensity of malaria transmission in the small-scale irrigation schemes currently in operation in Ethiopia, year-round source reduction by using proper irrigation water management, coupled with health education, needs to be incorporated into the existing malaria control strategies. © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.	An. arabiensis; An. pharoensis; Ethiopia; Malaria; Plasmodium falciparum; Small-scale irrigation	blood; disease prevalence; disease transmission; disease vector; dry season; entomology; immunoassay; infectious disease; irrigation; malaria; mosquito; parasitology; sampling; socioeconomic survey; wet season; Anopheles; Anopheles arabiensis; anopheles pharoensis; article; blood smear; breeding; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; Ethiopia; female; health education; interview; irrigation (agriculture); larva; malaria; malaria control; mosquito; nonhuman; parasite transmission; parasite vector; Plasmodium falciparum; prevalence; questionnaire; season; socioeconomics; sporozoite; water management; Adolescent; Adult; Age Distribution; Aged; Agriculture; Animals; Anopheles; Child; Child, Preschool; Ecosystem; Ethiopia; Female; Health Surveys; Humans; Infant; Insect Vectors; Malaria, Falciparum; Malaria, Vivax; Male; Middle Aged; Prevalence; Rural Health; Seasons; Socioeconomic Factors; Water Supply; Young Adult; Ethiopia; Anopheles arabiensis; Anopheles pharoensis; Plasmodium falciparum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84898719323	Evaluation of the efficacy of DDT indoor residual spraying and long-lasting insecticidal nets against insecticide resistant populations of Anopheles arabiensis Patton (Diptera: Culicidae) from Ethiopia using experimental huts	Asale A., Getachew Y., Hailesilassie W., Speybroeck N., Duchateau L., Yewhalaw D.	2014	Parasites and Vectors	7	1	10.1186/1756-3305-7-131	Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Department of Horticulture and Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Department of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Institute of Health and Society (IRSS), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Comparative Physiology and Biometrics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium	Asale, A., Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia, Institute of Health and Society (IRSS), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Getachew, Y., Department of Horticulture and Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Hailesilassie, W., Department of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Speybroeck, N., Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Duchateau, L., Department of Comparative Physiology and Biometrics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Yewhalaw, D., Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia	Background: Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) and Long-Lasting Insecticidal nets (LLINs) are major malaria vector control tools in Ethiopia. However, recent reports from different parts of the country showed that populations of Anopheles arabiensis, the principal malaria vector, have developed resistance to most families of insecticides recommended for public health use which may compromise the efficacy of both of these key vector control interventions. Thus, this study evaluated the efficacy of DDT IRS and LLINs against resistant populations of An. arabiensis using experimental huts in Asendabo area, southwestern Ethiopia. Methods. The susceptibility status of populations of An. arabiensis was assessed using WHO test kits to DDT, deltamethrin, malathion, lambda-cyhalothrin, fenitrothion and bendiocarb. The efficacy of LLIN (PermaNet® 2.0), was evaluated using the WHO cone bioassay. Moreover, the effect of the observed resistance against malaria vector control interventions (DDT IRS and LLINs) were assessed using experimental huts. Results: The findings of this study revealed that populations of An. arabiensis were resistant to DDT, deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin and malathion with mortality rates of 1.3%, 18.8%, 36.3% and 72.5%, respectively but susceptible to fenitrothion and bendiocarb with mortality rates of 98.81% and 97.5%, respectively. The bio-efficacy test of LLIN (PermaNet® 2.0) against An. arabiensis revealed that the mosquito population showed moderate knockdown (64%) and mortality (78%). Moreover, mosquito mortalities in DDT sprayed huts and in huts with LLINs were not significantly different (p > 0.05) from their respective controls. Conclusion: The evaluation of the efficacy of DDT IRS and LLINs using experimental huts showed that both vector control tools had only low to moderate efficacy against An. arabiensis populations from Ethiopia. Despite DDT being replaced by carbamates for IRS, the low efficacy of LLINs against the resistant population of An. arabiensis is still a problem. Thus, there is a need for alternative vector control tools and implementation of appropriate insecticide resistance management strategies as part of integrated vector management by the national malaria control program. © 2014 Asale et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	An. arabiensis; Ethiopia; Experimental huts; Insecticide resistance; Long-lasting insecticide treated nets	bendiocarb; carbamic acid derivative; chlorphenotane; cyhalothrin; deltamethrin; fenitrothion; insecticide; malathion; chlorphenotane; animal experiment; Anopheles arabiensis; article; bed net; bioassay; controlled study; Diptera; Ethiopia; female; health program; indoor residual spraying; insecticide resistance; malaria; malaria control; mortality; mosquito; nonhuman; population; vector control; animal; Anopheles; drug effects; housing; human; insecticide resistance; procedures; Animals; Anopheles; Biological Assay; DDT; Ethiopia; Housing; Humans; Insecticide Resistance; Insecticide-Treated Bednets; Mosquito Control	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84929516788	Solving the challenges of monitoring mobile populations: insights from studies of waterbirds in southern Africa	Thomas H.L., Hockey P.A.R., Cumming G.S.	2015	Ostrich	86	42371	10.2989/00306525.2015.1005720	Percy FitzPatrick Institute, DST–NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom	Thomas, H.L., Percy FitzPatrick Institute, DST–NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Hockey, P.A.R., Percy FitzPatrick Institute, DST–NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Cumming, G.S., Percy FitzPatrick Institute, DST–NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Highly mobile species are difficult to monitor. It is often unclear from abundance estimates whether a population is genuinely declining or simply elsewhere. If the spatial and temporal scales of monitoring are inadequate, the data will only be useful if the signal is very strong (i.e. the change in population size is large). We explored the ability of three major databases – the Southern African Bird Atlas Project (SABAP), the Coordinated Waterbird Counts (CWAC) and the South African Bird Ringing Unit (SAFRING) – to reveal the movement patterns of a highly mobile African waterbird, the Red-billed Teal Anas erythrorhyncha. Only ring recovery data provided clear evidence of long-distance movement. All three data sets were compromised to varying degrees by methodological biases and spatial and/or temporal resolutions that prevented the detection of movement patterns. By incorporating abundance estimates, increasing and quantifying sampling effort, and extending coverage at the data collection stage, the potential for these data sets to contribute to our understanding of bird movements could be greatly improved. Monitoring programmes for mobile species must be tested at an early stage to assess their ability to explain spatial and temporal population variation at the scales at which such variation occurs. © 2015, Copyright © NISC (Pty) Ltd.	Anas erythrorhyncha; atlas data; count data; CWAC; population monitoring; Red-billed Teal; ring recoveries; SABAP; scale; southern Africa; spatiotemporal variation	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34248504652	The differential impact of various assessment parameters on the medical students performance in the professional anatomy examination in a new medical school	Shittu L.A.J., Zachariah M.P., Izegbu M.C., Adesanya O.A., Ashiru O.A.	2006	International Journal of Morphology	24	4	None	Department of Anatomy, Lagos State University, College of Medecine (Lasucom), PMB 21266, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Psychiatry, Lagos State University, College of Medecine (Lasucom), PMB 21266, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Morbid Anatomy	Shittu, L.A.J., Department of Anatomy, Lagos State University, College of Medecine (Lasucom), PMB 21266, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Zachariah, M.P., Department of Psychiatry, Lagos State University, College of Medecine (Lasucom), PMB 21266, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Izegbu, M.C., Department of Morbid Anatomy, Lagos State University, College of Medecine (Lasucom), PMB 21266, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Adesanya, O.A., Department of Anatomy, Igbinedion University, Okada, Edo-State, Nigeria; Ashiru, O.A., Department of Anatomy, Lagos State University, College of Medecine (Lasucom), PMB 21266, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria	There is a dearth of knowledge on the level of agreement between all the various assessment tasks on the same content area, in order to test this hypothesis we adopted the concept of convergent validity and also to isolate area of academic weakness among the students and to readjust the curriculum content to balance the weakness. A blinded cohort retrospective study was carried out on a total of sixty-six third year medical students who had sat for their first professional examination in anatomy in the new medical college of Lagos State University. Using records of their grades in the various assessments parameters- the average end-in course assessment, short essays question (SEQ), multiplechoice questions (MCQ), and practical (Steeple-chase). The mean + S.D. Pearson's correlation with students t-test (p< 0.05 being significant) were analyzed using the computerized SPSS 11 (SPSS inc. Chicago, Illinois) software package. The practical was significantly correlated with overall performance (r = 0.89, p< 0.01); with the student t-value of 6.15 (p< 0.01). Although, the SEQ showed significant correlation to overall performance (r =0.72; p<0.01), the t-value of 0.4 was nonsignificant, but, within an acceptable range. The practical, MCQ, SEQ and end-incourse showed an overall rank order of relative performance in assessment tasks, therefore indicates that, in general, students performance in the Professional examination was better than in the end-incourse examination and hence, the need to reappraise this pattern and emphasize the role of incourse assessment in the curriculum. © 2007 Sociedad Chilena de Anatom•br>.	Anatomy; Assessment parameters; Nigeria; Student performance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84865656756	Nasal aperture shape evaluation between black and white South Africans	McDowell J.L., L'Abbé E.N., Kenyhercz M.W.	2012	Forensic Science International	222	42372	10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.06.007	Department of Anatomy, University of Pretoria, Private Bag x 323, Arcadia 0007, South Africa; Department of Anthropology, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99775, United States	McDowell, J.L., Department of Anatomy, University of Pretoria, Private Bag x 323, Arcadia 0007, South Africa; L'Abbé, E.N., Department of Anatomy, University of Pretoria, Private Bag x 323, Arcadia 0007, South Africa; Kenyhercz, M.W., Department of Anthropology, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99775, United States	The purpose of this study was to combine morphoscopic and metric analyses to assess variation in nasal aperture size and shape of black and white South Africans. Thirteen landmarks were digitized from the bony nasal region of 152 crania using an electromechanic instrument for geometric morphometric (general procrustes analysis) and craniometric analyses. Elliptical Fourier analysis was used to assess shape of the nasal aperture via outlines applied through photographs. Both principal component and discriminant function analyses were applied to these statistical methods. Black South Africans were classified 95-96% correctly and white South Africans were classified 91-94% correctly. In a four-way analysis of sex and ancestry, classification accuracy ranged from 56 to 70%. Most misclassifications were between the sexes within each group which suggests an absence of sexual dimorphism. This study found that there is quantifiable variation in shape of the nasal aperture between black and white South African groups using all three statistical methods. In forensic application, standard craniometrics can be used to accurately classify an unknown person. © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.	Ancestry; Craniometrics; Elliptical Fourier analysis; Forensic anthropology; Forensic Anthropology Population Data; Geometric morphometrics; Population specific	anatomic landmark; article; controlled study; craniometry; ethnicity; female; forensic science; human; human experiment; male; morphology; nasal aperture; nose; physical anthropology; plesiomorphy; principal component analysis; priority journal; race difference; sex difference; South Africa; African Continental Ancestry Group; Cephalometry; European Continental Ancestry Group; Female; Forensic Anthropology; Fourier Analysis; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Male; Nasal Cavity; Principal Component Analysis; Sex Characteristics; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70649103025	Evaluation of 21 Y-STRs for population and forensic studies	D'Amato M.E., Benjeddou M., Davison S.	2009	Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series	2	1	10.1016/j.fsigss.2009.08.091	Forensic DNA Lab, Biotechnology Department, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, 7535 Bellville, South Africa	D'Amato, M.E., Forensic DNA Lab, Biotechnology Department, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, 7535 Bellville, South Africa; Benjeddou, M., Forensic DNA Lab, Biotechnology Department, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, 7535 Bellville, South Africa; Davison, S., Forensic DNA Lab, Biotechnology Department, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, 7535 Bellville, South Africa	In the present study we evaluated the applicability for forensic and evolutionary studies of 21 Y-STR loci (DYS437, DYS447, DYS448, DYS449, DYS456, DYS481, DYS504, DYS510, DYS518, DYS532, DYS536, DYS542, DYS552, DYS562, DYS576, DYS587, DYS612, DYS626, DYS644, DYS710, and Y-GATA-H4). Allele sequence analysis, allele diversity, gene diversity, allele frequency spectrum, discrimination capacity and informativeness for assignment were studied in European English, Asian Indian and Xhosa population groups sampled in South Africa. Seven loci showed size homoplasy. Individuals with mixed ancestry were identified using a statistical method for population assignment and a phylogenetic network. In comparison to our previous minimal haplotype data for the same population groups these loci showed significant increase in discrimination capacity (overall, from 0.773 to 0.958). © 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	Ancestry; Network; South Africa; Y-STRs	allele; article; Asian; evolution; forensic genetics; gene frequency; gene locus; genetic variability; genotype; haplotype; homoplasy; human; Indian; nucleotide sequence; phylogeny; population genetics; priority journal; sequence analysis; short tandem repeat; South Africa; Y chromosome	None
WoS	WOS:000324164000001	Use of anchoring vignettes to evaluate health reporting behavior amongst adults aged 50 years and above in Africa and Asia - testing assumptions	Blomstedt, Yulia,Debpuur, Cornelius,Gomez-Olive, Xavier,Hirve, Siddhivinayak,Juvekar, Sanjay,Ng, Nawi,Oti, Samuel,Tollman, Stephen,Wall, Stig	2013	GLOBAL HEALTH ACTION	6	None	10.3402/gha.v6i0.21064	Navrongo Health Research Center, Umea University, University of Witwatersrand, African Populat & Hlth Res Ctr, KEM Hosp Res Ctr	"Blomstedt, Yulia: Umea University","Debpuur, Cornelius: Navrongo Health Research Center","Gomez-Olive, Xavier: University of Witwatersrand","Ng, Nawi: Umea University","Tollman, Stephen: University of Witwatersrand","Wall, Stig: Umea University",	Background: Comparing self-rating health responses across individuals and cultures is misleading due to different reporting behaviors. Anchoring vignettes is a technique that allows identifying and adjusting self-rating responses for reporting heterogeneity (RH). Objective: This article aims to test two crucial assumptions of vignette equivalence (VE) and response consistency (RC) that are required to be met before vignettes can be used to adjust self-rating responses for RH. Design: We used self-ratings, vignettes, and objective measures covering domains of mobility and cognition from the WHO study on global AGEing and adult health, administered to older adults aged 50 years and above from eight low-and middle-income countries in Africa and Asia. For VE, we specified a hierarchical ordered probit (HOPIT) model to test for equality of perceived vignette locations. For RC, we tested for equality of thresholds that are used to rate vignettes with thresholds derived from objective measures and used to rate their own health function. Results: There was evidence of RH in self-rating responses for difficulty in mobility and cognition. Assumptions of VE and RC between countries were violated driven by age, sex, and education. However, within a country context, assumption of VE was met in some countries (mainly in Africa, except Tanzania) and violated in others (mainly in Asia, except India). Conclusion: We conclude that violation of assumptions of RC and VE precluded the use of anchoring vignettes to adjust self-rated responses for RH across countries in Asia and Africa.	"anchoring vignettes",COGNITION,MOBILITY,"reporting heterogeneity","RESPONSE CONSISTENCY",SELF-RATING,"Vignette equivalence",HETEROGENEITY,SATISFACTION,"SELF-RATED HEALTH"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84922227984	The impact of manufacturing variables on in vitro release of clobetasol 17-propionate from pilot scale cream formulations	Fauzee A.F.B., Khamanga S.M., Walker R.B.	2014	Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy	40	12	10.3109/03639045.2013.842579	Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, South Africa	Fauzee, A.F.B., Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, South Africa; Khamanga, S.M., Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, South Africa; Walker, R.B., Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, South Africa	Objectives: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of different homogenization speeds and times, anchor speeds and cooling times on the viscosity and cumulative % clobetasol 17-propionate released per unit area at 72h from pilot scale cream formulations. A 24 full factorial central composite design for four independent variables were investigated. Materials and methods: Thirty pilot scale batches of cream formulations were manufactured using a Wintech® cream/ointment plant. The viscosity and in vitro release of CP were monitored and compared to an innovator product that is commercially available on the South African market, namely, Dermovate® cream. Results and discussion: Contour and three-dimensional response surface plots were produced and the viscosity and cumulative % CP released per unit area at 72h were found to be primarily dependent on the homogenization and anchor speeds. An increase in the homogenization and anchor speeds appeared to exhibit a synergistic effect on the resultant viscosity of the cream whereas an antagonistic effect was observed for the in vitro release of CP from the experimental cream formulations. The in vitro release profiles were best fitted to a Higuchi model and diffusion proved to be the dominant mechanism of drug release that was confirmed by use of the Korsmeyer-Peppas model. Conclusion: The research was further validated and confirmed by the high prognostic ability of response surface methodology (RSM) with a resultant mean percentage error of (±SD) 0.17±0.093 suggesting that RSM may be an efficient tool for the development and optimization of topical formulations. © 2014 Informa Healthcare USA, Inc.	Anchor speed; Corticosteroids; Homogenization speed; Release kinetics; Response surface methodology; Topical formulations; Viscosity	clobetasol propionate; clobetasol; skin cream; Article; cooling; cream; drug diffusion; drug formulation; drug manufacture; drug release; in vitro study; viscosity; medicinal chemistry; pilot study; procedures; synthesis; topical drug administration; Administration, Topical; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Clobetasol; Pilot Projects; Skin Cream	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84952321831	Impact of introducing routine antenatal ultrasound services on reproductive health indicators in Mpigi District, Central Uganda	Kawooya M.G., Nathan R.O., Swanson J., Swanson D.L., Namulema E., Ankunda R., Kirumira F., Ddungu-Matovu P.	2015	Ultrasound Quarterly	31	4	10.1097/RUQ.0000000000000142	Ernest Cook Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, Mengo Hospital, Albert Cook Bldg, Albert Cook Rd, PO Box 7161, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States	Kawooya, M.G., Ernest Cook Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, Mengo Hospital, Albert Cook Bldg, Albert Cook Rd, PO Box 7161, Kampala, Uganda; Nathan, R.O., Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Swanson, J., Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Swanson, D.L., Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Namulema, E., Ernest Cook Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, Mengo Hospital, Albert Cook Bldg, Albert Cook Rd, PO Box 7161, Kampala, Uganda; Ankunda, R., Ernest Cook Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, Mengo Hospital, Albert Cook Bldg, Albert Cook Rd, PO Box 7161, Kampala, Uganda; Kirumira, F., Ernest Cook Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, Mengo Hospital, Albert Cook Bldg, Albert Cook Rd, PO Box 7161, Kampala, Uganda; Ddungu-Matovu, P., Ernest Cook Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, Mengo Hospital, Albert Cook Bldg, Albert Cook Rd, PO Box 7161, Kampala, Uganda	The preponderance of global maternal and neonatal deaths occurs in low-resource countries. The risk factors that lead to these deaths are often detectable with ultrasound (US) and potentially preventable. We assessed the impact of performing US scanning during antenatal care (ANC) on reproductive health service utilization in a rural Ugandan district. This pragmatic comparative study was conducted in 2 constituencies of Mpigi district in Uganda. In the 5 intervention sites located in the Mawokota North constituency, facility midwives were trained in limited obstetric US scanning. They were equipped with solarpowered portable US machines and redeployed to offer US scanning as an integral component of ANC. The 5 control sites in the Mawokota South constituency offered the same ANC services without US scanning. We compared the difference in the first and fourth ANC attendance, facility deliveries, and referral of obstetric complications in the intervention and the control sites before and after the introduction of US. There was a 32% increase in the first ANC attendance at the intervention sites compared with 7.4% in the controls sites (P < 0.001). In the intervention sites, the fourth antenatal attendance increased by 147% compared with 0.6% decline in the control sites (P < 0.001). Referrals of high-risk pregnancies increased by 40.7% in the intervention sites compared with 25% in the control site. The number of births at the interventional sites increased by 34.1% compared with 29.5% in the control sites. Integration of limited obstetric US into routine ANC visits is associated with an increase in ANC attendance. Copyright © 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.	ANC; Midwives; Portable ultrasound scan; Ultrasound scanning	Article; comparative study; controlled study; delivery; echography; female; health care facility; health care utilization; health status indicator; high risk pregnancy; human; patient referral; pregnancy complication; prenatal care; priority journal; rural area; Uganda; Ugandan	USAID, United States Agency for International Development
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892602403	Impact of rocky topography on settlement pattern and housing development in Idanre, Nigeria	Omole F.K., Owoeye J.O.	2012	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	3	3	10.5901/mjss.2012.v3n3p517	Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Federal University of Technology, Akure, P.M.B 704, Akure, Nigeria	Omole, F.K., Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Federal University of Technology, Akure, P.M.B 704, Akure, Nigeria; Owoeye, J.O., Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Federal University of Technology, Akure, P.M.B 704, Akure, Nigeria	The pattern of development of urban land-use in relation to topography varies from rural to urban. What distinguishes Idanre community from other Yoruba settlements is the rocky topographical nature that surrounds and abounds within the community. In this paper, the effect of rock outcrops that surround the community and the effects on its development were investigated. The study employed both historical and descriptive analysis to gather relevant data about the origin and locational structure of the town. There were 3,620 existing buildings in the area according to the building demographic survey carried out. The seven quarters in the town were sub-divided into twenty-two sectors from which 10.0% of the total buildings in all the sectors were picked as sample size for questionnaire administration. Our findings in the study show both positive and negative impacts that the rocky topography has on the community. The essential aspect of the discoveries were some viable potentials and topographical features of the town which need to be adequately harnessed and made used off for the benefit of the community and the state at large.	And accessibility; Housing development; Rock outcrops; Settlement pattern; Topographical features	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84863881336	Performance, subprime-assets and the Nigerian banking sector	Osamwonyi I.O., Abosede A.J.	2012	European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences	None	49	None	Dept of Banking and Finance, Faculty of Management Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Management Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria	Osamwonyi, I.O., Dept of Banking and Finance, Faculty of Management Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Abosede, A.J., Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Management Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria	Banking sector performance in Nigeria has exhibited high level of volatility and fragility with the resultant individual and systemic distress which brought about wide ranging reforms. No doubt the actions and inactions of managers of banks and the inclement nature of the socio-economic environment could have accounted for the unpleasant results. The Central Bank of Nigeria indicted management of banks for insider abuses, subprime assets and inadequate provision. This study relying on Klitgaard (1996) model uses bad debts and operating expenses as proxies examines how circumvention of best practices may have affected banking activities in Nigeria. The study shows positive correlation among gross income, bad debts, loans and advances and operating expenses, though not significant. The significant intercept suggests other factors, and given current revelations they could be creative accounting and circumvention of best practices [despite the window dressing using incomes from non-interest activities and inadequate provision for doubtful debts]. Government should therefore intensify and/or redefine its intervention strategies through improved supervision and insistence on good corporate governance instead of focusing on only recapitalization. © EuroJournals, Inc. 2012.	And Bad debts; Banking sector performance; Best practices	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953519948	Modelling impact toughness of grey cast iron produced from Co2 and steel moulds	Oyetunji A.	2010	Journal of Applied Sciences Research	6	5	None	Dept of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	Oyetunji, A., Dept of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	Impact property of grey cast iron produced from CO and steel moulds were determined experimentally and quantitatively in this work. The experimental data obtained were used to develop model (multiple linear regression equations) using stepwise technique, which were used to obtain calculated (numerical) values of these properties for each investigated material. Both experimental and calculated values of these properties were subjected to relevant statistical tests such as: - paired t-test, correlation coefficient, standard error, standard deviation and variance; and were found to compare favourably within the limits of experimental error. Hence, this developed model would be useful to oil and petrochemical industries, machine base manufactures, electric motor manufactures, agricultural equipment manufacturing industries and research institutes such as Naval, Air force and Aviation Research Institutes. Other sectors that can benefit from developed model are small and medium-scale foundry industries that are characterized with low capital outlay. © 2010, INSInet Publication.	And moulds; CO2; Impact; Modelling; Steel; Toughness	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892546519	The politics of youth violence in Rumuekpe and its impact on Rumuekpe community development, 2004-2010	Wilson G.	2013	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	4	6	10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n6p73	Department of Political Science, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Rumuolumini, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Wilson, G., Department of Political Science, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Rumuolumini, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	The study centered on politics of youth violence and its impact on Rumuekpe community development, within the period of 2004 - 2010. Rumuekpe is one of the oil producing communities in Niger Delta region of Nigeria and is noted for their peaceful coexisted and friendly relationship with their guests and neighbours. Suddenly, the communities were thrown into violence due to the inability of the community youth leadership to ensure the accountability of their government and operate all inclusive government, and insincerity in activities of the oil companies operating in Rumuekpe to effectively enforce community development programme in Rumuekpe. The unsatisfactory activities of the youth leadership resulted to agitation by some factions of the youths for a change of the youth leadership, coupled with the ill activities of the oil multinationals, the aggrieved youths were left with no option than to embark on intensive agitation for a change of youth leadership, and community development by oil multinationals. Unfortunately, the agitation graduated to youth violence in Rumuekpe. To that effect, the study is aimed at identifying the causes and effects of the violence on Rumuekpe people and community development. Secondary and primary data were used to achieve the objectives of the study. Our findings proved that the violence was caused by agitation for change in youth leadership and poor activities of Shell in Rumuekpe community. The study showed that the violence had negative impact on Rumuekpe people, community development, oil multinationals and Nigerian state. Based on that, the study made some recommendations on the modalities to avoid future youth violence and achieve community development in Rumuekpe in particular, and Niger Delta Region at large.	And oil multinationals; Community development; Politics; Youth leadership; Youth violence	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-41549121471	Evaluation of core and surface body temperatures, prevalence, onset, duration and severity of hot flashes in men after bilateral orchidectomy for prostate cancer	Aziz N.A., Heyns C.F.	2008	International Braz J Urol	34	1	None	Department of Urology, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg Hospital, PO Box 19063, Cape Town, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa	Aziz, N.A., Department of Urology, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg Hospital, PO Box 19063, Cape Town, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Heyns, C.F., Department of Urology, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg Hospital, PO Box 19063, Cape Town, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa	Objective: To assess the prevalence, onset, duration and severity of hot flashes in men after bilateral orchidectomy (BO) for prostate cancer, to evaluate body temperature changes during hot flashes and to determine whether an elevated temperature within a few days after BO can be caused by deprivation of androgen. Materials and Methods: Patients (n = 101) were questioned about the characteristics of their hot flashes after BO for prostate cancer. A subgroup of these men (n = 17) were instructed to record their oral and forehead temperatures during and at fixed intervals between hot flashes daily for 4 weeks. Results: The mean age was 71.6 years, mean follow-up after BO was 33.2 months. Hot flashes were reported by 87 men (86%) with previous spontaneous remission in 9 (10%). The median time between BO and the onset of hot flashes was 21 days (range 1-730), median number of hot flashes 3 per day (range 1-20), and median duration was 120 seconds (range 5 to 1800). There was no significant difference between median oral (36.4°C) and forehead (36.0°C) temperature in the normal state, but during hot flashes the median forehead temperature (37.0°C) was higher than the oral temperature (36.5°C) (p = 0.0004). Both median oral and forehead temperatures were higher during hot flashes (36.5°C and 37.0°C) than in the normal state (36.4°C and 36.0°C, respectively) (p < 0.0001). During hot flashes, the oral temperature was 38°C to 40°C in only 3.2% of 593 readings in 17 patients. Conclusions: The median oral and forehead temperatures are higher during hot flashes than in normal periods. Oral temperature elevation > 38°C within days after a BO is unlikely to be the result of androgen deprivation alone.	Androgen; Hot flashes; Orchidectomy; Prostate cancer	antiandrogen; aged; article; body temperature; chemically induced disorder; follow up; hospitalization; hot flush; human; male; middle aged; nonparametric test; orchiectomy; prostate tumor; quality of life; time; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Androgen Antagonists; Body Temperature; Follow-Up Studies; Hot Flashes; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Orchiectomy; Prostatic Neoplasms; Quality of Life; Severity of Illness Index; Statistics, Nonparametric; Time Factors	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892536195	The impacts of culture and religion, Ethnicity, politics and poverty on ethnic violence in Plateau State of Nigeria	Akwara A.F., Udaw J.E., Akwara N.F., Onimawo J.	2013	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	4	14	10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n14p657	Department of Political Science, Federal University Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria; Department of Office Technology Management, The Federal Polytechnic Idah, Kogi State, Nigeria; Department of Vocational and Technical Education, Ambrose Alli University Ekp	Akwara, A.F., Department of Political Science, Federal University Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria; Udaw, J.E., Department of Political Science, Federal University Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria; Akwara, N.F., Department of Office Technology Management, The Federal Polytechnic Idah, Kogi State, Nigeria; Onimawo, J., Department of Vocational and Technical Education, Ambrose Alli University Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria	Every ethnic nationality has got its own culture and cultural attributes by which the ethnic nationality is known and identified. The inter-play of these cultural attributes as religion or belief system, norms or rules of behaviour, language, history and artefacts, etc. gives rise to politics and determine the nature of the political process in the society, and also the level of pauperization of the people. This paper examines the concepts poverty, culture, politics, religion and ethnicity and how they have fuelled ethnic violence in Plateau State of Nigeria. The paper finds out that violence in the region is caused by the multiplicity of ethnic nationalities and cultures in the region; and the struggle for power and dominance between the cultures and ethnic nationalities within the region. These struggles create poverty through the destruction of human and material resources; and human and capital flight from the region. The poverty in turn causes anger, frustration and deprivations which further fuels the crises in the region and turns the crises into perpetual cycles that cannot end. The conflicts and violence therefore appear as liberation struggles by the native or indigenous population against the dominance of an alien population in the region. The paper therefore suggests the convocation of a sovereign national conference for the various ethnic nationalities in the country to discuss the basis on which the various ethnic nationalities can continue to remain under the authority of a single national government as the crises in the region affect the entire nation.	And violence; Culture; Ethnicity; Politics; Poverty; Religion	None	None
WoS	WOS:000208053300005	Evaluate experiences: a qualitative technique to complement quantitative impact assessments	Carter, Jonathan	2009	JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENT EFFECTIVENESS	1	1	10.1080/19439340902727628	Human Sciences Research Council-South Africa	None	Impact evaluations, whether of aid, development interventions or policy interventions, help hold donors and policy makers accountable for promises made and provide a means to legitimise recommendations for future interventions. Quantitative approaches are the order of the day but do not fully capture the complex and nuanced characteristics of communities important to understand the full effects of interventions and/or identify required interventions. This article describes a cost-effective approach to capturing large volumes of qualitative data in anecdotal form that can help inform interventions and approaches to research. Data collected by using the technique in a poor, urban, mixed race settlement in South Africa are reviewed and used to provide recommendations on research in poverty. For reasons consistent with the theoretical framework explained, recommendations are limited to three: consider carefully intergenerational dynamics when researching poor areas; be responsible about differences in value scales; and be conscious of how differently the researched see the world. A discussion using the method in mixed methods research is provided.	"anecdote circles",COST-EFFECTIVE,"IMPACT ASSESSMENT","QUALITATIVE EVALUATION",AFRICA,DYNAMICS	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84917707305	Changing patterns of health in communities impacted by a bioenergy project in Northern Sierra Leone	Knoblauch A.M., Hodges M.H., Bah M.S., Kamara H.I., Kargbo A., Paye J., Turay H., Nyorkor E.D., Divall M.J., Zhang Y., Utzinger J., Winkler M.S.	2014	International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health	11	12	10.3390/ijerph111212997	Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, P.O. Box, Basel, Switzerland; Helen Keller International Sierra Leone, P.O. Box, Freetown, Sierra Leone; SHAPE Consulting Ltd, Pretoria, South Africa; Helen Keller International, Regional Office for Africa, P.O. Box, Dakar, Senegal	Knoblauch, A.M., Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box, Basel, Switzerland, University of Basel, P.O. Box, Basel, Switzerland; Hodges, M.H., Helen Keller International Sierra Leone, P.O. Box, Freetown, Sierra Leone; Bah, M.S., Helen Keller International Sierra Leone, P.O. Box, Freetown, Sierra Leone; Kamara, H.I., Helen Keller International Sierra Leone, P.O. Box, Freetown, Sierra Leone; Kargbo, A., Helen Keller International Sierra Leone, P.O. Box, Freetown, Sierra Leone; Paye, J., Helen Keller International Sierra Leone, P.O. Box, Freetown, Sierra Leone; Turay, H., Helen Keller International Sierra Leone, P.O. Box, Freetown, Sierra Leone; Nyorkor, E.D., Helen Keller International Sierra Leone, P.O. Box, Freetown, Sierra Leone; Divall, M.J., SHAPE Consulting Ltd, Pretoria, South Africa; Zhang, Y., Helen Keller International, Regional Office for Africa, P.O. Box, Dakar, Senegal; Utzinger, J., Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box, Basel, Switzerland, University of Basel, P.O. Box, Basel, Switzerland; Winkler, M.S., Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box, Basel, Switzerland, University of Basel, P.O. Box, Basel, Switzerland	Large private sector investments in low- and middle-income countries are often critically evaluated with regards to their environmental, social, human rights, and health impacts. A health impact assessment, including a baseline health survey, was commissioned by the Addax Bioenergy Sierra Leone project in 2010. As part of the monitoring, a follow-up survey was conducted three years later. A set of health indicators was assessed at six impacted and two control sites. Most of these indices improved, particularly at the impacted sites. The prevalences of stunting, wasting, and Plasmodium falciparum in children under five years of age decreased significantly at impacted sites (all p < 0.05) and non-significantly at control sites. Anemia in children and in women of reproductive age (15–49 years) decreased significantly at impacted and control sites (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively). Health facility-based deliveries increased significantly at the impacted sites (p < 0.05). The prevalences of helminth infections in children aged 10–15 years remained approximately at the same levels, although focal increases at the impacted sites were noted. Access to improved sanitation decreased significantly (p < 0.05) at control and non-significantly at impacted sites. Water quality remained poor without significant changes. The epidemiologic monitoring of a bioenergy project provides a useful contribution for evidence-based decision-making. © 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.	Anemia; Bioenergy; Health impact assessment; Helminth infection; Malaria; Nutritional status; Sierra Leone	amodiaquine plus artesunate; praziquantel; biofuel; anemia; bioenergy; child health; decision making; disease prevalence; health impact; health monitoring; health survey; malaria; sanitation; adolescent; adult; age distribution; anemia; Article; bioenergy; child; controlled study; cross-sectional study; environmental monitoring; evidence based practice; female; health care delivery; health care facility; health impact assessment; health survey; helminthiasis; human; major clinical study; malaria falciparum; male; medical decision making; preschool child; prevalence; public health; sanitation; schistosomiasis; school child; Sierra Leone; stunting; wasting syndrome; water quality; adverse effects; anemia; Child Nutrition Disorders; delivery; demography; health impact assessment; health status; helminthiasis; infant; Malaria, Falciparum; middle aged; renewable energy; Sierra Leone; statistics and numerical data; epidemiological monitoring; sanitation; young adult; Sierra Leone; Addax; Plasmodium falciparum; Vermes; Adolescent; Adult; Anemia; Child; Child Nutrition Disorders; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Delivery, Obstetric; Female; Health Impact Assessment; Health Status; Helminthiasis; Humans; Infant; Malaria, Falciparum; Male; Middle Aged; Renewable Energy; Residence Characteristics; Sanitation; Sierra Leone; Water Quality; Biofuels; Epidemiological Monitoring; Health Impact Assessment; Sanitation; Sierra Leone; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-36049009147	Left ventricular hypertrophy in African black patients with chronic renal failure at first evaluation	Ulasi I.I., Arodiwe E.B., Ijoma C.K.	2006	Ethnicity and Disease	16	4	None	Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria	Ulasi, I.I., Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria; Arodiwe, E.B., Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria; Ijoma, C.K., Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria	Objective: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality all over the world. The combined effect of volume and pressure overload seen in patients with CKD is the primary cause of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Though it accounts for a significant proportion of patients dying in hospitals in Nigeria, information on CKD in African Blacks is lacking. This study evaluates the prevalence of LVH and factors affecting it in pre-dialysis patients by using echocardiography. Design, Setting and Patients: One hundred consecutive patients with CKD who were attending the medical outpatient and renal clinics of University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, who satisfied the inclusion criteria were screened for the study. Eighty-eight patients completed the study. Forty-five age-and sex-matched subjects were selected as controls. Clinical and laboratory parameters and echocardiographic indices were measured. Results: Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), defined in absolute terms as left ventricular mass index &gt;134 g/m 2 in men and &gt;110 g/m2 in women was present in 95.5% of patients and 6.7% of controls. Themost prevalent type of LVH was eccentric hypertrophy, which was found in 54.6%, while concentric was seen in 40.9%. Hypertension was present in 85.2% of the patients. The predominant causes of CKD were chronic glomerulonephritis (43.2%), hypertension (25%), and diabetes mellitus (14.8%). All the patients studied had advanced CKD, either stage 4 or 5 of the Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative classification of CKD. Stepwise method of multiple linear regressions identified mean arterial pressure (32%), hemoglobin concentration (22%), male sex (17%), and creatinine clearance (24%) as predictors of LVH in CKD. Conclusion: This study showed a strong association between CKD and LVH in patients in developing countries at the time of first evaluation by a nephrologist. It demonstrated a high prevalence of LVH in patients at first evaluation. The patients were often anemic and had severe hypertension even at first presentation. Early detection and treatment of causes of CKD should be pursued aggressively at the primary prevention level, as has been advocated by the International Society of Nephrology to reduce the effects of CKD and its attendant complications in the society.	Anemia; Cardiovascular risk; CKD; Hypertension; Left ventricular hypertrophy; Mean arterial pressure	biological marker; creatinine; hemoglobin; adolescent; adult; aged; article; blood; blood pressure; case control study; chronic kidney failure; diabetic nephropathy; echocardiography; echography; ethnology; female; glomerulonephritis; glomerulus filtration rate; heart left ventricle hypertrophy; heart ventricle remodeling; hospitalization; human; hypertension; male; metabolism; methodology; middle aged; Negro; Nigeria; observer variation; pathophysiology; prediction and forecasting; prevalence; renal replacement therapy; risk factor; sex difference; statistical model; statistics; urine; Adolescent; Adult; African Continental Ancestry Group; Aged; Biological Markers; Blood Pressure; Case-Control Studies; Creatinine; Diabetic Nephropathies; Echocardiography; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Glomerulonephritis; Hemoglobins; Humans; Hypertension; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Linear Models; Male; Middle Aged; Nigeria; Observer Variation; Predictive Value of Tests; Prevalence; Renal Dialysis; Research Design; Risk Factors; Severity of Illness Index; Sex Factors; Ventricular Remodeling	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84945405625	Impact of cowpea-based food containing fish meal served with Vitamin C-rich drink on iron stores and hemoglobin concentrations in Ghanaian schoolchildren in a Malaria endemic area	Egbi G., Ayi I., Saalia F.K., Zotor F., Adom T., Harrison E., Ahorlu C.K., Steiner-Asiedu M.	2015	Food and Nutrition Bulletin	36	3	10.1177/0379572115596253	Department of Nutrition, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana; University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana; Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Legon, Accra, Ghana	Egbi, G., Department of Nutrition, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Ayi, I., Department of Nutrition, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Saalia, F.K., Department of Nutrition, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Zotor, F., University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana; Adom, T., Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Harrison, E., Department of Nutrition, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Ahorlu, C.K., Department of Nutrition, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Steiner-Asiedu, M., Department of Nutrition, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana	Background: Nutritional anemia is a public health problem among Ghanaian schoolchildren. There is need to employ dietary modification strategies to solve this problem through school and household feeding programs. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of cowpea-based food containing fish meal served with vitamin C-rich drink to improve iron stores and hemoglobin concentrations in Ghanaian schoolchildren. Methods: The study involved cross-sectional baseline and nutrition intervention phases. There were 150 participants of age 6 to 12 years. They were randomly assigned to 3 groups, fish meal-vitamin C (n = 50), vitamin C (n = 50), and control (n = 50), and given different cowpea-based diets for a 6-month period. Height and weight measurements were done according to the standard procedures, dietary data were obtained by 24-hour recall and food frequency questionnaire, hemoglobin concentrations were determined by Hemocue Hemoglobinometer, and serum ferritin and complementreactive protein (CRP) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Participants' blood samples were examined for malaria parasitemia and stools for helminthes using Giemsa stain and Kato-Katz techniques, respectively. Results: Mean ferritin concentration was not significantly different among groups. End line mean or change in hemoglobin concentrations between fish meal-vitamin C group (128.4 + 7.2/8.3 + 10.6 g/L) and control (123.1 ± 6.6/4.2 ± 10.4 g/L) were different, P <.05. Change in prevalence of anemia in fish meal-vitamin C group (19.5%) was different compared to those of vitamin C group (9.3%) and the control (12.2%). Levels of malaria parasitemia and high CRP among study participants at baseline and end line were 58% and 80% then 55% and 79%, respectively. Level of hookworm infestation was 13%. Conclusion: Cowpea-based food containing 3% fish meal and served with vitamin C-richdrink improved hemoglobin concentration and minimized the prevalence of anemia among the study participants. © The Author(s) 2015.	Anemia; Cowpea; Fish meal; Ghanaian schoolchildren; Hemoglobin; Iron stores; Vitamin C-rich drink	ascorbic acid; C reactive protein; ferritin; hemoglobin; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency; animal; beverage; blood; child; controlled study; cross-sectional study; diet supplementation; female; fish; Ghana; human; malaria; male; metabolism; questionnaire; randomized controlled trial; school health service; treatment outcome; vegetable; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Beverages; C-Reactive Protein; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Ferritins; Fishes; Food, Fortified; Ghana; Hemoglobins; Humans; Malaria; Male; Questionnaires; School Health Services; Treatment Outcome; Vegetables	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-73349119634	Development and power performance test of a small three-blade orizontal-axis wind turbine	Ajao K.R., Adegun I.K.	2009	Heat Transfer Research	40	8	10.1615/HeatTransRes.v40.i8.40	Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	Ajao, K.R., Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Adegun, I.K., Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	The parameterization, installation, and testing of a locally developed three-blade horizontal-axis wind turbine were carried out. The turbine blades were fabricated from Mansonia Altissima wood because of its availability, good strength, and resistance to both fatigue and soaking, with a rotor swept area of 3.65 m 2 and the blade angle of attack was experimentally determined to be 7°. The turbine was installed on the roof top of the University of Ilorin, Faculty of Engineering Central Workshop Building at a hub height of 14.9 m from the ground level while the turbine generator was sourced locally. The direct current (d.c.) power output of the test turbine was measured at the battery bank terminal by a Power Analyzer and a direct current (d.c.) to alternating current (a.c.) inverter converts the d.c. power output to a.c. power and was measured by a digital wattmeter. An anemometer with a data logger installed on a meteorological tower (MET) measured the wind speed and direction over the test period. The cut-in wind speed, that is, the speed at which the wind turbine starts to produce power was determined to be 3.5 m/sec. One minutes averages of wind speed and power output was used to determine the power curve for the wind turbine. Measured power increase consistently with increased wind speed and the power curve obtained compared fairly well with standard power curves. © 2009 Begell House, Inc.	Anemometer; Angle of attack; Cut-in wind speed; Data logger; Power curve; Wind turbine	Alternating current; Battery banks; Blade angle; Data logger; Direct current; Ground level; Hub height; Meteorological tower; Power analyzers; Power curve; Power curves; Power increase; Power out put; Power performance; Turbine blade; Turbine generator; Wind speed; Wind speed data; Anemometers; Angle of attack; Electric generators; Speed; Wind effects; Wind power; Wind turbines; Turbomachine blades	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84870265731	Using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) performance modeling	Rezazadeh S., Mehrabi M., Pashaee T., Mirzaee I.	2012	Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology	26	11	10.1007/s12206-012-0844-2	Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran; Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of Pretoria Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Elm-o-Fan University, Urmia, Iran	Rezazadeh, S., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran; Mehrabi, M., Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of Pretoria Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Pashaee, T., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Elm-o-Fan University, Urmia, Iran; Mirzaee, I., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran	In this paper, an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) is used for modeling proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) performance using some numerically investigated and compared with those to experimental results for training and test data. In this way, current density I (A/cm2) is modeled to the variation of pressure at the cathode side PC (atm), voltage V (V), membrane thickness (mm), Anode transfer coefficient αan, relative humidity of inlet fuel RHa and relative humidity of inlet air RHc which are defined as input (design) variables. Then, we divided these data into train and test sections to do modeling. We instructed ANFIS network by 80% of numerical-validated data. 20% of primary data which had been considered for testing the appropriateness of the models was entered ANFIS network models and results were compared by three statistical criterions. Considering the results, it is obvious that our proposed modeling by ANFIS is efficient and valid and it can be expanded for more general states. © 2012 The Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	ANFIS; Fuel cell performance; PEM fuel cells; Relative humidity	Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system; ANFIS; Fuel cell performance; Inlet air; Membrane thickness; Network models; PEM fuel cell; Performance Modeling; Primary data; Statistical criterion; Test data; Test sections; Transfer coefficient; Atmospheric humidity; Fuzzy systems; Tracking (position); Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84867061211	A preliminary impact study of a university, school and private sector partnership project: Hope for disadvantaged students through mentorships [N Voorlopige impakstudie van 'n vennootskapsprojek tussen universiteit, skole en die privaat sektor: Hoop vir b	Le Cordeur M.	2012	Tydskrif vir Geesteswetenskappe	52	3	None	Departement Kurrikulumstudie (Afrikaans), Fakulteit Opvoedkunde, Universiteit Stellenbosch, South Africa	Le Cordeur, M., Departement Kurrikulumstudie (Afrikaans), Fakulteit Opvoedkunde, Universiteit Stellenbosch, South Africa	Successful access to higher education for black students in particular remains a challenge to all tertiary institutions in South Africa. This is the opinion of Prof. Russel Botman, Rector of Stellenbosch University (SU). It is therefore of concern that the SU strategic framework document (SU 2010a) states that the increase in our country's student population projected by the National Commission for Higher Education in 1997 (DBO 1997) has not been attained. This is in contrast with the University's vision for the future, which commits itself to an academic institution of excellence and a respected knowledge partner that contributes towards the development of South Africa and welcomes a diversity of people and ideas. But according to a report by the Centre for Higher Education Transformation (CHET) 1 little demographic transformation had occurred in respect of who participates in higher education. This is an indication that black students' chances of gaining access to university have in fact decreased. Despite this authorities continue to insist that the percentage of black students in public higher-education institutions be increased. The Ministry's vision is of a transformed, democratic, non-racial and non-sexist system of higher education that will promote equity of access and fair chances of success to all who are seeking to realise their potential through higher education (DBO 1997). The Vice-Rector of SU (Fourie 2009b:16) expands on this: "Besides the moral-ethical considerations, pressure is also being placed on universities by higher education policy to diversify their student and staff compositions and to remove measures that could exclude certain groupings". Stellenbosch University is thus under pressure to align its diversity profile with the transformation goals set by the government, as proclaimed in the White Paper on Higher Education of 1997. At the same time the University also experiences pressure from the broader community to answer to the call of alleviating poverty in disadvantaged communities (SU 2010a). However, the standard of teaching in previously disadvantaged schools in the surrounding areas is such that very few students qualify to further their studies at university level. The question therefore is what the University can do to draw students that will rise to these challenges. In his response the University announced a strategy referred to by the current vice-chancellor (Botman 2007) as a "pedagogy of hope". This seems to have been inspired by the neo-Marxist Brazilian educationalist Paulo Friere's publication Pedagogy of the oppressed (1970). According to this strategy the University will search for and exploit opportunities that will lead to "the farm owner's daughter and the farm worker's son sitting in the same class" (Botman 2007). This gave rise to initiatives such as the Rachel's Angels Schools Partnership Project, which is based on the principles of community interaction. 2 The project aims to build the capacity of promising students from disadvantaged communities with the aid of a mentorship programme. This will enable them to bridge the gap between school and university successfully. This article presents an overview of the project as well as a report on its impact. The educational theories which underpin the Rachel's Angels project can be considered to be constructivist in nature, founded upon a philosophy that is student centred and based on a view in which knowledge is not absolute, but is actively constructed by the student. The study aims to establish whether the project has achieved the desired outcomes. If employed successfully, SU will give effect to its transformation agenda, which includes increased participation by a diverse corps of students, willingness to react to social and economic needs and growing cooperation between higher education institutions and all sectors of society. The results of the impact study indicate that, despite growing pains, the project has already made a meaningful contribution in building the capacity of disadvantaged students. The implications for the University are to continuously engage in partnerships with previously disadvantaged schools in order to unlock the potential of disadvantaged students. Not only will it reflect positively on the University's diversity profile, but at the same time give meaning to the University's quest for a "pedagogy of hope".	Angels; Community interaction; Empowerment; Entrepreneurial skills; Mentoring; Mentors; Partnership in education; Protégé-mentee; Transformation	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84873878460	The effect of seasonal variation and angle of inclination on the performances of photovoltaic panels in south eastern nigeria	Ogueke N.V., Abam F., Nwaigwe K.N., Okoronkwo C.A., Ugwuoke P.E., Anyanwu E.E.	2013	Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology	5	3	None	School of Engineering and Engineering Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria; Mechanical Engineering Department, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, Nigeria; National Centre for Energy Research and Development, University	Ogueke, N.V., School of Engineering and Engineering Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria; Abam, F., Mechanical Engineering Department, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, Nigeria; Nwaigwe, K.N., School of Engineering and Engineering Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria; Okoronkwo, C.A., School of Engineering and Engineering Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria; Ugwuoke, P.E., National Centre for Energy Research and Development, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Anyanwu, E.E., School of Engineering and Engineering Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria	The effects of seasonal variation and angle of inclination on the performances of photovoltaic panels in south eastern Nigeria are presented. Three photovoltaic panels, each with a rated capacity of 60 W, were used for the study in each of the locations considered. Three installation positions considered are: horizontal, an angle equal to the local latitude of location and an angle 5° greater than the local latitude of location. Power output from these panels was measured at fixed time interval from dawn to dusk for 12 months. Results obtained show an average performance of 25-30 W representing about 42-50% of the panels rated capacity. Furthermore, the horizontally installed panels, on the average, presented better performance than the others angles. Thus utilization of photovoltaic panels for power generation in the region considered should be limited to lighting applications and applications within the same power requirement range. Also for overall best performance, they should be installed in a horizontal position. © Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2013.	Angle of inclination; Photovoltaic panels; Power generation; Seasonal variation; Solar	Angle of inclination; Fixed time interval; Installation position; Lighting applications; Nigeria; Photovoltaic panels; Power out put; Power requirement; Seasonal variation; Solar; Photovoltaic cells; Power generation; Solar power generation	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79251546486	Evaluation of the glidant property of Fonio starch	Muazu J., Musa H., Bhatia P.G.	2010	Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology	2	2	None	Department of Pharmaceutical Services, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Borno State, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Muazu, J., Department of Pharmaceutical Services, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Borno State, Nigeria; Musa, H., Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Bhatia, P.G., Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Fonio starch was evaluated as a glidant in comparison with corn starch and talc in Folic acid tablet formulation. The glidant property was analysed using the Flow rate, flow factor and angle of Repose of the granules while the quality of the tablet was assessed by crushing strength, Friability, disintegration and dissolution times of the tablet. The result of angle of repose, flow rate and flow factor indicated that Fonio starch compares well with both corn starch and talc at concentration of 2%w/w and at that concentration the tablet properties (crushing strength, friability, disintegration and dissolution times) were similar, it may therefore serve as an alternative glidant for pharmaceutical granulations. © Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2010.	Angle of repose; Flow factor; Fonio starch; Glidant	Angle of repose; Corn starch; Dissolution time; Flow factors; Folic acids; Fonio starch; Glidant; Tablet formulations; Compressive strength; Crushing; Dissolution; Granulation; Organic acids; Silicate minerals; Talc; Starch	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78649887288	Evaluating the performance of some predictive models for estimating global solar radiation across varying climatic conditions in Nigeria	Ogolo E.O.	2010	Indian Journal of Radio and Space Physics	39	3	None	Department of Physics, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	Ogolo, E.O., Department of Physics, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	The performance of both temperature and sunshine dependent models were evaluated for different selected tropical sites, which are situated across four different climatic zones, viz. Sahelian, Guinea Savannah, Midland and Coastal area in Nigeria. The regression constants were obtained for the first, second and third order Angstrom type [Garcia J V, Principios F'isicos de la Climatolog'ia. Ediciones UNALM (Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina: Lima, Peru), 1994; Hargreaves G & Samani Z, Estimating potential evapotranspiration, J Irrigat Drainage Eng (USA), 108 (1982) pp 225-230] models for all the stations using the method of regression analysis. Model evaluation performance analyses were carried out to determine which model is more suitable for a given climatic condition. The results indicated that the third order Angstrom type correlations do not improve the accuracy of estimation of global radiation. In addition, the results also revealed that temperature and sunshine hour dependent models are more suitable for the simulation of global radiation in the Sahelian and Guinea Savannah climatic condition, respectively. All the models exhibited the tendency to perform suitably well in the Midland and Coastal areas. On the seasonal consideration, the sunshine hour dependent models were found more suitable for the estimation of solar global radiation across all the varying climatic conditions during the dry season. However, all the models were found suitable during the wet season except for the Sahelian where only the temperature dependent models have been found exclusively suitable.	Angstrom type model; Performance indicators; Regression analysis; Solar radiation; Sunshine hour dependent model; Temperature dependent model	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34548595319	Multiple disease resistance in common bean genotypes and their agronomic performance in eastern Ethiopia	Fininsa C., Tefera T.	2006	International Journal of Pest Management	52	4	10.1080/09670870600811836	Department of Plant Sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia	Fininsa, C., Department of Plant Sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia; Tefera, T., Department of Plant Sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia	Field trials were conducted during the 1996-1999 summer cropping seasons to evaluate common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) genotypes for multiple disease (anthracnose, angular leaf spot and common bacterial blight) resistance at Haramaya, eastern Ethiopia. Performance of promising genotypes was also evaluated in terms of yield and yield components. Out of 201 genotypes evaluated in 1996, 171 genotypes were found to be resistant to anthracnose, 117 to angular leaf spot, and 161 to common bacterial blight. Among the 201 genotypes, 26 (13%) were commonly resistant to all three diseases, and were further evaluated in 1997 and 1998. Out of the aforementioned 26 genotypes, 10 (39%) were found to be resistant to the diseases and so were evaluated in 1999 to further verify the degree of resistance and also to evaluate agronomic performance. The genotypes identified as having multiple disease resistance were: EMP 219, TY 3396-6, TY 3396-7, TY 3396-12, RAB 404, ARA 21, TAR 3, BZ 1289-12, GLPX-92 (Ayenew) and A-176 (Roba-1). The selected genotypes were of the late maturity group and had a similar number of pods per plant and seeds per pod. Ayenew gave the highest 100-seed weight (46 g), but TY 3396-12 had better yield (4.5 t ha-1) performance compared to the two released varieties, Ayenew and Roba-1 under production. The identified genotypes can be used as sources of resistance in breeding programme.	Angular leaf spot; Anthracnose; Common bacterial blight; Multiple disease resistance; Phaseolus vulgaris	agronomy; crop production; crop yield; disease resistance; genotype; performance assessment; Africa; East Africa; Ethiopia; Sub-Saharan Africa; Bacteria (microorganisms); Phaseolus vulgaris	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-30144437818	Experimental study of oblique impacts with initial spin	Dong H., Moys M.H.	2006	Powder Technology	161	1	10.1016/j.powtec.2005.05.046	School of Process and Materials Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg, WITS 2050, South Africa	Dong, H., School of Process and Materials Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg, WITS 2050, South Africa; Moys, M.H., School of Process and Materials Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg, WITS 2050, South Africa	An experiment to measure the properties of the impacts between of a 44.5 mm steel ball and a steel flat surface is reported. The apparatus can release the ball with and without initial spin. The steel target can be inclined 0-60°. The impact event is recorded with a digital video camera. The video analysis is computer based and all the distortions of image are calibrated. The impact properties measured are expressed as coefficient of normal restitution e n, coefficient of tangential restitution e t, impulse ratio or dynamic coefficient of friction f, angular velocity, and rebound angle of the contact point. It is found that the measurement of oblique impact without initial spin shows close agreement with recent published results and complies with rigid body theory. However, the experimental results of oblique impact with pre-impact spin do not agree to the collision models in rolling or micro-slip regime in particular. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Angular velocity; Coefficient of restitution; Collision; Image analysis; Impact; Video processing	Calibration; Computer simulation; Contact angle; Friction; Image analysis; Mathematical models; Rolling; Video cameras; Angular velocity; Coefficient of restitution; Collision; Impact; Video processing; Steel; steel; powder; acceleration; article; calibration; computer analysis; friction; image analysis; velocity; videorecording	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955005076	Hydrochemical analysis and evaluation of water quality in Angwan Jeba and its environs, Nasarawa State, northcentral Nigeria	Anudu G.K., Obrike S.E., Onuba L.N., Ikpokonte A.E.	2011	Research Journal of Applied Sciences	6	2	10.3923/rjasci.2011.128.135	Department of Geology and Mining, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria; Department of Geology, Anambra State University, Uli, Nigeria; Department of Geology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Anudu, G.K., Department of Geology and Mining, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria; Obrike, S.E., Department of Geology and Mining, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria; Onuba, L.N., Department of Geology, Anambra State University, Uli, Nigeria; Ikpokonte, A.E., Department of Geology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Angwan Jeba and its environs lies within the Basement Complex of northcentral Nigeria and is underlain by migmatitic gneiss, biotite gneiss, biotite schist, muscovite schist and older granites with minor intrusions of pegmatite and quartz veins. The study involved the hydrochemical characterisation of waters of the area to ascertain their chemistry, quality and suitability for domestic, livestock and irrigation purposes. A total of eight hand-dug wells, four hand-pump boreholes, one stream and two rivers water samples were analysed for their cations and anions. Physical parameters such as temperature, pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC) and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) were measured in the field. Results of the analysed chemical (cations and anions) parameters ranged as follows: Ca 2+ (9.4-36.1 mg L -1), Mg 2+ (3.8-11.7 mg L -1), Na + (17.64-41.5 mg L -1), K + (4.36-18.14mg L -1), Fe (0.08-3.0 mg L -1), Cu (&lt;0.01 -0.99 mg L -1), HCO 3 - (84.08-134 mg L -1), Cl (37.3-49.79 mg L -1), SO 4 2- (13.2-23.4 mg L -1) and NO 3 - (ND-0.96 mg L -1). The Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC), Electrical Conductivity (EC) and Exchangeable Sodium Ratio (ESR) values varied between 0.73-l.59, -1.015-0.633 meq L -1, 159-450 μS cm -1 and O.333-1.187, respectively. Evaluation of the results revealed that the waters are fresh (130 &lt;TDS&lt;304mg L -1), soft to moderately hard (39.12&lt; TH&lt;128.85 mg L -1), slightly acidic to slightly alkaline (6.85&lt;pH&lt;7.20) have low to medium Salinity Hazard (SH) and belong to four water facies types namely: Na-HCO 3-Cl, Na-Ca-HCO 3-Cl, Ca-Na-HCO 3-Cl and Ca-Mg-HCO 3-Cl. These waters have acquired their chemistry from the basement rocks, dissolution of silicate minerals and cation exchange reactions. All the analysed parameters were within the WHO Guidelines for drinking water and therefore are considered to be suitable for domestic, livestock and irrigation purposes. © Medwell Journals, 2011.	Angwan jeba; Chemistry; Hydrochemical; Nigeria; Purposes; Quality	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80051941505	Assessing the performance of potassium dichromate and aniline on concrete steel rebar deterioration in marine and microbial media	Omotosho O.A.	2011	Research Journal of Applied Sciences	6	3	10.3923/rjasci.2011.143.149	Department of Mechanical Engineering, Covenant University, P.M.B. 1023 Ota, Nigeria	Omotosho, O.A., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Covenant University, P.M.B. 1023 Ota, Nigeria	The study used the two-parameter Weibull distribution function to analyze data obtained from electrochemical potential monitoring experiments. Two sets of fifteen steel-rebar test samples admixed with varying concentration of aniline, potassium dichromate and their synergistic combination with fixed amount of sodium chloride salt partially immersed in NaCl and H2SO4 solution at ambient temperature had their potential readings taken in accordance with ASTM C 876. Performance quality and consistency of the inhibitor was then estimated by the Weibull probability density distribution as an extreme value statistical modeling approach to study the efficacy and predict the most efficient inhibitor concentration in each media. The study also investigated the effect of the inhibitors on the compressive strengths of the reinforced concrete samples. Test sample admixed with 0.34 and 0.41 M aniline was predicted as exhibiting the best inhibiting quality in NaCl medium while in the H2SO4 medium the synergistic combination of 0.03 MK2Cr2O7 and 0.30 M aniline exhibited the best performance. The compressive strength values of test sample admixed with 0.41 M aniline was the highest in both the microbial (303 KN) and marine (315 KN) medium while the control test sample in the NaCl medium showed the highest overall increase (330 KN) in compressive strength. © 2011 Medwell Journals.	Aniline; Compressive strength; Kolmogorov-smirnov statistics; Marine/microbial medi; Potassium dichromate; Potential; Steel rebar; Weibull distribution	None	None
None	None	Evaluation of short-, mid- and long-term effects of toe clipping on a wild rodent	Borremans B., Sluydts V., Makundi R.H., Leirs H.	2015	Wildlife Research	42	2	10.1071/WR14109	University of Antwerp, Evolutionary Ecology Group, Groenenborgerlaan 171, Antwerpen, Belgium; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Unit of Medical Entomology, Antwerpen, Belgium; Sokoine University of Agriculture, Pest Management Center, Morogoro, Tanzania	Borremans, B., University of Antwerp, Evolutionary Ecology Group, Groenenborgerlaan 171, Antwerpen, Belgium; Sluydts, V., Institute of Tropical Medicine, Unit of Medical Entomology, Antwerpen, Belgium; Makundi, R.H., Sokoine University of Agriculture, Pest Management Center, Morogoro, Tanzania; Leirs, H., University of Antwerp, Evolutionary Ecology Group, Groenenborgerlaan 171, Antwerpen, Belgium	Context Toe clipping is a widely used method for permanent marking of small mammals, but its effects are not well known, despite the ethical and scientific implications. Most studies do not find any clear effects, but there is some indication that toe clipping can affect survival in specific cases. Although effects on survival are arguably the most important, more subtle effects are also plausible, yet very few studies have included body condition and none has investigated effects on mobility. Aims We analysed the effects of toe clipping on free-living Mastomys natalensis, a common, morphologically and behaviourally intermediate small rodent. Methods Using a 17-year capture-mark-recapture dataset, we compared movement, body weight and survival between newly and previously clipped animals, and tested whether any of these parameters correlated with the number of clipped toes. Key results No evidence for a correlation between total number of clips and any of the variables was found. Newly clipped animals had a slightly smaller weight change and larger travel distance than did those that were already clipped, and we show that this is most likely due to stress caused by being captured, clipped and handled for the first time rather than to the actual clipping. Conclusions The combination of trapping, handling and marking has a detectable effect on multimammate mice; however, there is no evidence for a clear effect of toe clipping. Implications Our study suggests a re-evaluation of ethical guidelines on small-mammal experiments, so as to reach a rational, fact-based decision on which marking method to use. © 2015 CSIRO.	Animal ethics; Animal welfare; Capture-mark-recapture; Individual identification; Mastomys natalensis; Permanent marking; Survival	animal welfare; biological control; body condition; clipping; decision making; mark-recapture method; marking method; mobility; morphology; rodent; survival; trapping; wild population; Animalia; Mammalia; Mastomys natalensis; Mus; Rodentia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-55649104553	Performance characteristics of weaned rabbit fed plantain peel as replacement for maize	Omole A.J., Ajasin F.O., Oluokun J.A., Obi O.O.	2008	Nutrition and Food Science	38	6	10.1108/00346650810920169	Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria; Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Ibadan, Nigeria; Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Ibadan, Nigeria	Omole, A.J., Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria, Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Ibadan, Nigeria; Ajasin, F.O., Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Ibadan, Nigeria; Oluokun, J.A., Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria, Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Ibadan, Nigeria; Obi, O.O., Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria, Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Ibadan, Nigeria	Purpose - In the livestock industry in Nigeria, maize is a major source of energy and it is expensive because of competition between man and animal. Dry plantain peel of minimal cost was used to replace the maize fraction of the diet of rabbit in order to reduce cost. The purpose of this paper is to examine the performance characteristics of rabbit fed plantain peel. Design/methodology/approach - The feeding trial had five treatments, T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 in which the maize fraction in the diet was replaced at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 per cent, respectively. Completely randomized designs were used and each treatment was replicated thrice with three rabbits per replicate. The parameters taken were feed intake and weight gain on a daily and weekly basis. Feed conversion ratio, total feed cost and cost per weight gain were calculated. Findings - The results show that there was no significant difference in the weight gain between the control diet (T1) and T3 (p &lt; 0.05). The feed conversion ratio was relatively similar in T1 and T4. The cost per weight gain reduced from N53.57 in the control diet to N33.39 in T3 (75 per cent replacement). Originality/value - In the livestock industry, maize is expensive because it serves as food for both man and animal. The results indicate that the feed cost of rabbit could be reduced by replacing the maize fraction of the diet with 75 per cent dry plantain peel.	Animal feed; Crops; Nigeria	Animalia; Oryctolagus cuniculus; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953306038	Nutritional evaluation of Ficus thonningii-Panicum maximum mixtures in West African dwarf goats	Bamikole M.A., Ikhatua U.J.	2010	Nutrition and Food Science	40	3	10.1108/00346651011043970	Department of Animal Science, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	Bamikole, M.A., Department of Animal Science, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Ikhatua, U.J., Department of Animal Science, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	Purpose: The realization of the importance of browse in meeting the nutritional needs of ruminants in the dry season in the tropics has put a serious pressure on the already known browse plants. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the nutritive value of Ficus thonningii (FT), which is a less known fodder tree. Design/methodology/approach: A total of 25 West African dwarf goats (age range = 7-9 months, live weight range = 5.0-7.5 kg) were used for the study, and lasted for 98 days. FT was fed with Panicum maximum (PM) grass in different proportions of 0:100 (only grass), 25:75, 50:50, 75:25 and 100:0 (only Ficus) to five groups of goats. A completely randomized design was used to collect data on feed intake, digestibility, weight gain and nitrogen utilization. Findings: Results showed that FT is higher in crude protein (CP) (20.51 per cent) and lower in neutral detergent fibre (NDF) (55.79 per cent) than PM (CP = 8.25 per cent, NDF = 76.16 per cent). Dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), CP intakes (g/d/kg w0.75) improved significantly with more FT in the diet and were best in 75 per cent FT (values = 79.84, 76.72 and 14.78, respectively) and lowest in solely PM (corresponding values = 21.06, 18.21 and 1.59). Weight gain (g/d) patterned nutrient intake and were best in 50 and 75 per cent FT (mean = 14.78) and least in solely PM (5.36). Digestibility values were generally good, but highest in 50 per cent FT, similar in 25, 75 and 100 per cent FT and least in solely PM. Nitrogen balance (g/d) and retention (per cent) were highest and similar in both 50 and 75 per cent FT (mean = 4.8 and 48.79) and lowest in solely grass (0.24 and 14.25). Practical implications: FT displays no practical limitations to its utilization in ruminant feeding and could be used solely or in mixture with grass. Original/value: Being well consumed and utilized even as sole forage, FT will be a good insurance in alleviating feed scarcity problem for ruminant animals in the dry season. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Animal feed; Forage crops; Livestock; Nigeria; West Africa	Animalia; Bovidae; Capra hircus; Ficus thonningii; Panicum maximum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84855438985	On-farm evaluation and demonstration of different types of hay press	Teffera A., Tekeste S., Denekew Y.	2012	Livestock Research for Rural Development	24	1	None	Bahir Dar Agricultural Mechanization and Food Science Research Center, P.O. Box 133, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Andassa Livestock Research Center, P.O. Box: 27, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia	Teffera, A., Bahir Dar Agricultural Mechanization and Food Science Research Center, P.O. Box 133, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Tekeste, S., Bahir Dar Agricultural Mechanization and Food Science Research Center, P.O. Box 133, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Denekew, Y., Andassa Livestock Research Center, P.O. Box: 27, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia	Hay is the oldest and most important conserved fodder. The aim of haymaking is to store feed for later on-farm use. Traditional haymaking practice in Ethiopia has many problems. Delayed or early harvesting, improper handling system during harvesting, transportation, and storage stages are identified as main causes of feed loss. This project is, therefore, intended to evaluate and demonstrate manual hay presses so as to assist users in haymaking and baling practice. Two hay press models, vertical and horizontal hay presses, were manufactured and after preliminary test, practical on field test was conducted at two sites. Besides, discussions were made with farmers and their opinions were recorded. The test result has shown that, the average pressing rate, bale density, and baling time of vertical hay press was 45.2 kg h-1, 86.5 kg m -3 and 14.1 min per piece. Likewise, similar parameters of the horizontal type were 36.9 kg hr-1, 72.3 kg m -3 and 17.4 min per piece, respectively. It was observed that most of the respondent farmers preferred vertical type press due to its lower energy requirement and better output. Therefore, the vertical hay press model is recommended for further promotion.	Animal feed; Hay making; Mechanical hay press	Animalia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33750456985	Nutritional evaluation of rumen epithelial tissue scrapings in goat nutrition	Oluwakemi T.O., Olaleye A.O.	2006	Nutrition and Food Science	36	6	10.1108/00346650610712225	Department of Animal Production and Health, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Oluwakemi, T.O., Department of Animal Production and Health, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Olaleye, A.O., Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Purpose - High cost of feed forms a major constraint to livestock production in Nigeria. The purpose of this paper is to show how improved nutritional strategies such as incorporation of unconventional feed resources, such as rumen epithelial tissue scrapings (RETS), which are cheap in cost and availability into the livestock diets, can reduce feed cost and hence achieve a greater profit with a optimal animal performance, become imperative. Design/methodology/approach - Fifteen lactating West African dwarf goats were randomly allotted into each of three dietary groups (A, B and C) of five animals in a completely randomized design. Each diet contained one of the three dietary protein sources, namely, urea (A), RETS (B) and groundnut cake (GNC) (C) representing non-protein nitrogen, unconventional natural protein and conventional natural protein sources respectively. After 90 day feeding trial, the performances (dry matter intake, weight gain, milk yield/composition and the blood chemistry) of the goats fed with RETS diet (B) were assessed and compared with those of other two groups (A and C) fed with urea and GNC diets respectively. Findings - The result show that goats fed with RETS and GNC diets had similar performances and performed better than those fed with urea diet. Practical implications - RETS is inexpensive and portends no danger to animal health on account of toxicity, as compared to GNC and urea respectively. Its' inclusion in goat diet, however, gives a least cost wholesome ration formula. Original/value - Nutrition accounts for a greater proportion of production cost expenses in livestock industry. The results indicate that the cost of production can be minimized with the utilization of unconventional feed resources in goat nutrition for farmers to achieve the maximum profit.	Animal feed; Livestock; Nigeria; Nutrition	Animalia; Arachis hypogaea; Capra hircus	None
None	None	The indigenous cattle of the Southern Highlands of Tanzania: Distinct phenotypic features, performance and uses	Msanga Y.N., Mwakilembe P.L., Sendalo D.	2012	Livestock Research for Rural Development	24	7	None	Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries Development, P.O. Box 9152, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Uyole Livestock research Centre, P.O. Box 400 Mbeya, Tanzania; National Livestock research Institute, P.O. Box 202 Mpwapwa, Tanzania	Msanga, Y.N., Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries Development, P.O. Box 9152, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Mwakilembe, P.L., Uyole Livestock research Centre, P.O. Box 400 Mbeya, Tanzania; Sendalo, D., National Livestock research Institute, P.O. Box 202 Mpwapwa, Tanzania	This study was carried out in the Southern Highlands zone of Tanzania which is in the southwestern part of the country. The study considered two cattle strains which have been raised by the indigenous people for many years. The study areas have a similar farming system in which cattle play a very important role. The strains of cattle studied were Ufipa and Iringa Red. The main objective of this study was to characterize the phenotypic features, the production system, the traits of cattle that are of special interest to the community that keep them and the risky status of the cattle strains. For the Ufipa cattle the study was conducted in February 2007 and covered Sumbawanga rural, Sumbawanga urban and Nkasi districts of Rukwa region. Results showed that the Ufipa cattle are in reasonable number and have got uniform features of body size and conformation, horn size, orientation and spacing. The cattle have both Zebu and Sanga features though the Zebu features dominate. Their coat colour varies and may range from black, brown, and red, to grey. The horns are long with majority of animals showing forward orientation. The results also showed that Ufipa cattle are mainly kept for draft power such that about 35 % of the cattle herd composition is made of castrates. The number of the Ufipa cattle is fairly large and its risky status fall under need to monitor and what puts it at risk is nonselective castration leading to poor breeding bulls. The Iringa Red cattle are found in Iringa region in the South Western part of Tanzania. The study for Iringa Red cattle strain was conducted in two phases, in 2005 it covered Iringa rural and Kilolo districts and in 2007 it covered Mufindi district. The distinguishing features of the Iringa Red cattle are the red coat colour, darkish red and few are brown with white pied or spotted. The colour of the muzzle is brown and none pigmented. The hump is thoracic medium to large and mostly hanging in males. The cattle are of medium body size when compared to other strains of the Tanzania Shorthorn Zebu. In Mufindi district, about 70% of the cattle in the herds belong to the Iringa Red strain. The farmer' main preferences on the Iringa Red cattle are tolerance to disease and better draft power. Unlike the Ufipa cattle there is some selection on bulls to be used for breeding. The major risk factor facing this strain of cattle is introduction of other cattle stains from pastoralists who are moving into the traditional lands of the Iringa red cattle.	Animal genetic resources; Breeding management; Draft power; Iringa red; Tanzania Shorthorn Zebu; Ufipa cattle	Animalia; Bos; Bos indicus; Sanga	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33847330634	Impact assessment and biodiversity considerations in Nigeria: A case study of Niger Delta University campus project on wildlife in Nun River Forest Reserve	Hamadina M.K., Otobotekere D., Anyanwu D.I.	2007	Management of Environmental Quality	18	2	10.1108/14777830710725849	Biogeochem Associates Ltd., Port Harcourt, Nigeria; University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Biodiversity Unit, Institute of Pollution Studies, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Hamadina, M.K., Biogeochem Associates Ltd., Port Harcourt, Nigeria, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Otobotekere, D., Biodiversity Unit, Institute of Pollution Studies, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Anyanwu, D.I., University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Purpose - Niger Delta University (NDU) campus is located on the fringe of a Nun River Forest Reserve (NRFR) in Nigeria. The NRFR covers 97.15 km 2 of humid tropical rainforest characterized by torrential rains, seasonal flooding, and multi-layered vegetation. This paper aims to conduct a wildlife study, to assess the effects of the NDU campus project on NRFR. Design/methodology/approach - The assessment was preceded by "scoping" to determine key wildlife issues. Thereafter a mix of methods, including literature search, reconnaissance visits, field exercises, and interviews with hunters, was adopted to gather information. These were augmented with diurnal and nocturnal forest expeditions to find evidence(s) of wildlife species existence. Findings - There is a rich assemblage of wildlife species; of which 12 are enlisted in the 2006 IUCN Red List of threatened species, while 14 are protected by Nigeria's statutes; and they are threatened by human activities. The NDU campus project shall have significant adverse impacts on the wildlife: directly through habitat loss/fragmentation, nuisance, influx of people; and indirectly by exacerbating the existing threats. Research limitations/ implications - This work is limited to the NDU campus project and its impact on NRFR. The brevity of time spent in the field coupled with the generally inaccessible terrain and remote location of the NRFR constitute the limitations that must have influenced the findings in this paper. Originality/value - This paper reports the results of an original work, discusses the impacts of NDU campus on NRFR, and highlights conservation-friendly local beliefs/practices that could fit into a wildlife management plan, and fosters the debate on methodologies and field initiatives. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Animal habitats; Environmental management; Forests; Nigeria	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84870489808	E-Surveillance in Animal Health: Use and evaluation of mobile tools	Madder M., Walker J.G., Van Rooyen J., Knobel D., Vandamme E., Berkvens D., Vanwambeke S.O., De Clercq E.M.	2012	Parasitology	139	14	10.1017/S0031182012000571	Vector Biology Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, 0110, South Africa; KEMRI, CDC Research and Public Health Collaboration, P.O. Box 1578, Kisumu 40100, Kenya; Compton Mentor Fellowship, Compton Foundation, 101 Montgomery St., San Francisco, CA 94104, United States; Georges Lemaître Centre for Earth and Climate Research, Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, place L. Pasteur 3, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium	Madder, M., Vector Biology Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium, Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, 0110, South Africa; Walker, J.G., KEMRI, CDC Research and Public Health Collaboration, P.O. Box 1578, Kisumu 40100, Kenya, Compton Mentor Fellowship, Compton Foundation, 101 Montgomery St., San Francisco, CA 94104, United States; Van Rooyen, J., Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, 0110, South Africa; Knobel, D., Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, 0110, South Africa, KEMRI, CDC Research and Public Health Collaboration, P.O. Box 1578, Kisumu 40100, Kenya; Vandamme, E., Vector Biology Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium; Berkvens, D., Vector Biology Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium; Vanwambeke, S.O., Georges Lemaître Centre for Earth and Climate Research, Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, place L. Pasteur 3, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; De Clercq, E.M., Georges Lemaître Centre for Earth and Climate Research, Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, place L. Pasteur 3, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium	In the last decade, mobile technology offered new opportunities and challenges in animal health surveillance. It began with the use of basic mobile phones and short message service (SMS) for disease reporting, and the development of smartphones and other mobile tools has expanded the possibilities for data collection. These tools assist in the collection of data as well as geo-referenced mapping of diseases, and mapping, visualization and identification of vectors such as ticks. In this article we share our findings about new technologies in the domain of animal health surveillance, based on several projects using a wide range of mobile tools, each with their specific applicability and limitations. For each of the tools used, a comprehensive overview is given about its applicability, limitations, technical requirements, cost and also the perception of the users.The evaluation of the tools clearly shows the importance of selecting the appropriate tool depending on the envisaged data to be collected. Accessibility, visualization and cost related to data collection differ significantly among the tools tested. This paper can thus be seen as a practical guide to the currently available tools. © 2012 Cambridge University Press.	animal health; mobile technology; smart phones; SMS; Surveillance	animal health; article; computer program; controlled study; disease surveillance; electronics; human; information processing; microscope; mobile phone; nonhuman; priority journal; technology; Africa; Animals; Cellular Phone; Data Collection; Introduced Species; Population Surveillance; Software; Tick-Borne Diseases; Ticks; Animalia; Ixodida	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84927175298	Precision Manure Management on Site-Specific Management Zones: Topsoil Quality and Environmental Impact	Moshia M.E., Khosla R., Davis J.G., Westfall D.G., Doesken K.	2015	Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis	46	2	10.1080/00103624.2014.967862	Tshwane University of Technology, Crop Science, Pretoria, South Africa; Colorado State University, Soil and Crop Science, Fort Collins, CO, United States	Moshia, M.E., Tshwane University of Technology, Crop Science, Pretoria, South Africa; Khosla, R., Colorado State University, Soil and Crop Science, Fort Collins, CO, United States; Davis, J.G., Colorado State University, Soil and Crop Science, Fort Collins, CO, United States; Westfall, D.G., Colorado State University, Soil and Crop Science, Fort Collins, CO, United States; Doesken, K., Colorado State University, Soil and Crop Science, Fort Collins, CO, United States	Maintenance and improvement of soil quality across spatially variable soils in continuous cropping systems are critical to sustaining agricultural productivity and environmental quality. The objectives of this project were (i) to study the effects of variable-rate application of animal manure on selected topsoil quality parameters across site-specific management zones (MZs) and (ii) to evaluate the variable-rate applications of manure using risk-assessment tools of nitrogen (N) leaching and phosphorus (P) runoff indices to understand its impact on environmental quality. This study was conducted in northeastern Colorado on continuous and furrow-irrigated maize fields. Experimental strips, 4.5 m wide and 540 m long, spanned across all MZs with treatments nested within MZs in the field. Variable rates of dairy and beef feedlot manure applied on irrigated and dryland fields respectively ranged from 0 to 67 Mg ha−1. Surface soil quality parameters evaluated before and after this study included bulk density, organic matter, water-holding capacity, electrical conductivity, and particle-size analysis. Results indicate that animal manure applications of 44 and 67 Mg ha−1 significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased soil organic matter and decreased bulk density of low- and medium-productivity-level MZs and had no significant impact on surface soil organic matter and bulk density of the high-productivity-level MZs. Animal manure significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased surface soil water-holding capacity and soil electrical conductivity across zones; however, the maximum manure-induced soil EC was 1.0 dS m−1, which was below levels regarded as potentially harmful for maize production. Soil texture was not affected by animal manure applications. Colorado N leaching and P index indicated no environmental hazard associated with variable rate application of animal manure across MZs. This study indicates that variable-rate application of animal manure across MZs has potential to improve or maintain soil quality parameters over time without impairing the environment. ©, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.	Animal manure; nitrogen leaching; precision agriculture	environmental impact; fertilizer application; furrow irrigation; leaching; maize; manure; nitrogen; phosphorus; precision agriculture; productivity; risk assessment; soil quality; topsoil; Colorado; United States; Animalia; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79958807892	Estimation of variance components of milk yield and genetic evaluation of Sahiwal cattle using mixed linear models	Kumar A., Gandhi R.S., Haile A.	2011	Indian Journal of Animal Sciences	81	6	None	National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India; Division of Animal Genetics, IVRI, Izatnagar, India; Dairy Cattle Breeding Division, NDRI, Karnal, India; ILRI, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Kumar, A., National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India, Division of Animal Genetics, IVRI, Izatnagar, India; Gandhi, R.S., National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India, Dairy Cattle Breeding Division, NDRI, Karnal, India; Haile, A., National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India, ILRI, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	First lactation 305 days milk yield (FL305DMY) records (2032) on Sahiwal cows, maintained at 3 different farms in India were analyzed to estimate the impact of direct additive genetic, maternal additive genetic and cow's permanent environmental effects on milk yield and to compare sire model (BLUP) with 3 different animal models i.e. simple univariate model (AM I), univariate model with maternal effect and cow's permanent environmental effect (AM II) and multivariate model (AM III) of sire evaluation. The sire model of BLUP was least capable to estimate genetic differences amongst bulls. The heritability estimate for milk yield using sire model was lowest (0.141), followed by animal Models, viz. AM II (0.236), AM III (0.260) and AM I (0.292). Among animal models, lowest estimate of heritability obtained using AM II indicated for presence of significant amount of maternal additive genetic variance (26485.05 kg2) and maternal effect explained 11.1 % of total phenotypic variation in milk yield. The permanent environmental effect of cows explained 2.5 % variation of milk yield. The AM II was most effective model in terms of efficiency and accuracy over other models of sire evaluation. The rank correlations amongst the estimated breeding values of sires for FL305DMY were higher ranging from 0.898 (sire model versus AM III) to 0.991 (AM I versus AM II) indicating similarity in ranking of sires to the degree of 90 percent and above from different methods of Sahiwal sire evaluation.	Animal model; Cattle; Maternal effect; Sahiwal; Sire evaluation	Animalia; Bos	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84902139766	Differential impacts of coral reef herbivores on algal succession in Kenya	Humphries A.T., McClanahan T.R., McQuaid C.D.	2014	Marine Ecology Progress Series	504	None	10.3354/meps10744	Coastal Research Group, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; Coral Reef Conservation Project, Wildlife Conservation Society, PO Box 99470, Mombasa 80107, Kenya; Wildlife Conservation Society, Marine Programs, Bronx, New York, NY 10460, United States	Humphries, A.T., Coastal Research Group, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa, Coral Reef Conservation Project, Wildlife Conservation Society, PO Box 99470, Mombasa 80107, Kenya; McClanahan, T.R., Wildlife Conservation Society, Marine Programs, Bronx, New York, NY 10460, United States; McQuaid, C.D., Coastal Research Group, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa	In shallow-water systems, fisheries management influences herbivory, which mediates ecosystem processes by regulating algal biomass, primary production, and competition between benthic organisms, such as algae and corals. Sea urchins and herbivorous fishes (scrapers, grazers, browsers) are the dominant herbivores in Kenya's fringing coral reef and their grazing influences coral-macroalgal dynamics and dominance. Using experimental substrata and grazer exclusions, we tested the hypothesis that herbivores differentially affect algal composition and succession using 3 levels of fisheries management: fished reefs, community-managed closures (&lt;10 yr old, &lt;0.5 km2), and government-managed closures (20 to 40 yr old, 5 to 10 km2). In fished reefs and government closures, herbivores facilitated maintenance of early successional algal species, such as turfs, associated with sea urchins in the former and scraping fishes in the latter. Crustose coralline algae were only abundant in government closures, and video recordings showed that fish grazing was greatest at these sites, most notably for parrotfishes (scrapers). A combination of sea urchins and small grazing and detritivorous fishes was present in community closures, which allowed macroalgae to quickly develop from turf into early then late successional stages. These reefs may represent an intermediate or transitional system of herbivore dominance characterized by macroalgae. Consequently, reefs in heavily fished seascapes initially protected from fishing may require additional management efforts to facilitate the recovery of larger-bodied scraping fishes, including bans on capturing parrotfishes and restricting gear (e.g. spearguns) that target these species. © Inter-Research 2014.	Animal-plant interactions; Community-based management; Marine protected area and reserves; Niche replacement; Phase shift; Primary succession; Resilience	benthos; coral reef; detritivory; ecosystem resilience; fishery management; herbivory; macroalga; primary production; protected area; shallow water; succession; videography; Kenya	Wildlife Conservation Society; WCS, Wildlife Conservation Society
Scopus	2-s2.0-34347353294	The impact of heavy grazing on an ephemeral river system in the succulent karoo, South Africa	Allsopp N., Gaika L., Knight R., Monakisi C., Hoffman M.T.	2007	Journal of Arid Environments	71	1	10.1016/j.jaridenv.2007.03.001	ARC-LBD: Range and Forage Unit, Private Bag X17 Bellville, 7535, South Africa; Biodiversity and Conservation Biology Department, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, South Africa; Lesley Hill Institute of Plant Conservation, Botany Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa	Allsopp, N., ARC-LBD: Range and Forage Unit, Private Bag X17 Bellville, 7535, South Africa; Gaika, L., Biodiversity and Conservation Biology Department, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, South Africa; Knight, R., Biodiversity and Conservation Biology Department, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, South Africa; Monakisi, C., Lesley Hill Institute of Plant Conservation, Botany Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa; Hoffman, M.T., Lesley Hill Institute of Plant Conservation, Botany Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa	The impact of long-term high grazing pressure on geomorphological features, plant community composition and cover and soil characteristics of an ephemeral river system in Namaqualand, South Africa, was compared to that of lighter grazing pressure across fencelines which crossed the river system. Under heavy grazing the river system was less braided and a higher proportion of the river width was unvegetated runoff channels. The river system was generally dominated by very sandy soil. However, more silt and organic matter, and less sand were found in soil under plants growing in the river bed. Since vegetation cover was much higher under light grazing, river soil was more fertile when grazing was light. A plant species compositional shift when grazing pressure was high resulted in riparian vegetation which more closely resembled the surrounding rangelands. Graminoid growth forms were encountered more frequently in the lightly grazed river. A rest from grazing of 33 months resulted in increased plant cover in another section of the river system. Heavy grazing alters the physical and soil features of this river system by reducing plant cover. Riparian vegetation, by slowing flow rates and catching light soil particles increases landscape heterogeneity and creates productive sites in the landscape. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Animal-plant interactions; Landscape patches; Livestock impacts; Namaqualand; Resource control; Riparian vegetation	community composition; ephemeral pool; grazing pressure; Karoo Supergroup; landscape; livestock; plant community; plant-herbivore interaction; riparian vegetation; river system; sedge; vegetation cover; Africa; Namaqualand; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Animalia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-55849126193	Effect of decorticated fermented prosopis seed meal (Prosopis africana) on growth performance of broiler chicken	Yusuf N.D., Ogah D.M., Hassan D.I., Musa M.M., Doma U.D.	2008	International Journal of Poultry Science	7	11	10.3923/ijps.2008.1054.1057	Animal Science Department, College of Agriculture, P.M.B. 033, Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria; Animal Production Programme, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, P.M.B. 0248, Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria	Yusuf, N.D., Animal Science Department, College of Agriculture, P.M.B. 033, Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria; Ogah, D.M., Animal Science Department, College of Agriculture, P.M.B. 033, Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria; Hassan, D.I., Animal Science Department, College of Agriculture, P.M.B. 033, Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria; Musa, M.M., Animal Science Department, College of Agriculture, P.M.B. 033, Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria; Doma, U.D., Animal Production Programme, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, P.M.B. 0248, Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria	Two hundred and forty 7 days old Anak 2000 broiler chicks were used to determine the growth rate and economic of broiler fed decorticated fermented Prosopis africana seed meal (DFPSM). Five experimental diets containing 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% DFPSM replacement levels for full fat soybean meal were fed to broiler for 8 weeks. The experiments were in a completely randomized design (CRD) with five treatments, each replicated four times with 48 birds per treatment and 12 birds per replicate. The average live weight of broiler ranged from 2500-2850g in each dietary group and were significantly (P < 0.05) affected by dietary treatment, similarly the growth rate and feed conversion ratio were also significantly affected by the dietary treatment (P < 0.05). The study indicate that 20% inclusion of DFPSM with soybean meal could be used in a broiler diet. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2008.	Animal protein; Broiler diet; Developing countries; Fermented Prosopis africana seed meal	Animalia; Aves; Glycine max; Prosopis; Prosopis africana	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33750022318	Evaluation of shrimp waste meal as a probable animal protein source for broiler chickens	Okoye F.C., Ojewola G.S., Njoku-Onu K.	2005	International Journal of Poultry Science	4	7	10.3923/ijps.2005.458.461	Department of Non-Ruminant Animal Production, College of Animal Science and Animal Health, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike. P. M. B 7267, Umeahia, Abia State, Nigeria	Okoye, F.C., Department of Non-Ruminant Animal Production, College of Animal Science and Animal Health, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike. P. M. B 7267, Umeahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Ojewola, G.S., Department of Non-Ruminant Animal Production, College of Animal Science and Animal Health, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike. P. M. B 7267, Umeahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Njoku-Onu, K., Department of Non-Ruminant Animal Production, College of Animal Science and Animal Health, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike. P. M. B 7267, Umeahia, Abia State, Nigeria	Sixty unsexed Anak broiler chickens were used to evaluate the effect of dietary inclusion of Shrimp waste meal (swm) in broilers diet. They were randomly allotted to four treatment diets which were both isocaloric and isonitrogenous. The text ingredient was included in the four diets at 0.0%, 10%, 20% and 30% respectively for diets 1, 2, 3 and 4, both at the starter and finisher phases. There were 15 birds per treatment and 5 birds per replicate. The trial lasted 8 weeks. The result showed that the dietary treatments had significant (p<0.05) effects on body weight gain, feed intake and feed-to-gain ration at the starter phase while the feed-to-gain ratio and weight gain were not significant (p>0.05) influenced at the finisher phase. At the starter and finisher phases, average body weight gain ranged from 446.56 to 600.00g/bird and 1096.67 to 1166.67g/bird with corresponding average total feed intake which ranged from 1318.00 to 1462.42g/bird and 2712.00 to 2880.00g/bird. Birds fed diets 1 and 2 had statistically comparable weight gain while those fed diets 3 and 4 were depressed at the starter phase. At the finisher phase all the diets were comparable. The study revealed that swm is a valuable animal protein source for broilers and can be included up to 10% in both starter and finisher broiler diets. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2005.	Animal protein; Broilers diet; Shrimp waste meal	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-65949100782	Effect of replacing dietry fish meal with silkworm (Anaphe infracta) caterpillar meal on performance, carcass characteristics and haematological parameters of finishing broiler chicken	Ijaiya A.T., Eko E.O.	2009	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	8	6	10.3923/pjn.2009.850.855	Department of Animal Production Technology, School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria	Ijaiya, A.T., Department of Animal Production Technology, School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria; Eko, E.O., Department of Animal Production Technology, School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria	The effects of substituting fish meal with different levels of silkworm (Anaphe infracta) caterpillar meal (SCM) on the growth, carcass characteristics haematology and economics of production formed the basis of this study. A total of one hundred and fifty four weeks old anak broilers were randomly allotted to five treatment groups in a completely randomized design with each treatment having thirty birds. Each treatment group was further divided into two replicates of fifteen birds per replicate. Five diets which had 100% FM: 0% SCM; 75% FM: 25% SCM; 50% FM: 50% SCM; 25% FM: 75% SCM and 0% FM: 100% SCM were formulated and labeled diets 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively with diet 1 serving as the control. Feed and water were provided ad-libitum. The performance in terms of feed intake (95.71g-98.25g), body weight gain (46.10g-98.51g), feed conversion efficiency (1.98-2.08) and protein efficiency ratio (2.41-2.54) showed no significant (P > 0.05) differences across the dietary treatments. Analysis of weight of carcass and body cuts as well as blood parameters apart from blood albumin indicated no significant (P > 0.05) differences between the treatment means. Cost per kg of feed gradually decline with increasing dietary level of SCM inclusion levels indicating higher economic benefit. The result of this study revealed that the growth performance of the birds was not affected by the incorporation of silkworm caterpillar meal and it was more cost effective than conventional fish meal. It was concluded that cheaper silkworm caterpillar meal can be use as a complete substitute for fish meal in the diet of finishing broiler chickens. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2009.	Animal protein; Finishing broiler; Fish meal; Silkworm caterpillar meal	serum albumin; water; animal experiment; animal food; article; bird; body growth; carcass; caterpillar; chicken; controlled study; cost effectiveness analysis; diet supplementation; diet therapy; economics; fish; food intake; hematological parameters; nonhuman; randomization; silkworm; weight gain; Animalia; Aves; Bombyx mori; Gallus gallus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84859035507	Nutritional evaluation of complementary food developed from plant and animal protein sources	Ibironke S., Fashakin J.B., Badmus A.O.	2012	Nutrition and Food Science	42	2	10.1108/00346651211212079	Department of Food Science and Technology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Department of Food Technology, Federal Polytechnic Offa, Offa, Nigeria	Ibironke, S., Department of Food Science and Technology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Fashakin, J.B., Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Badmus, A.O., Department of Food Technology, Federal Polytechnic Offa, Offa, Nigeria	Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to nutritionally evaluate the potency of complementary food produced by mixing different sources of vegetable and animal protein together. Design/methodology/approach: Maize (carbohydrate), peanut (groundnut) and crayfish (Euastacus spp) were the sole energy and protein sources, respectively. Diet 1 (Basal); diet 2 (groundnut-fermented-maize (ogi) 1:9); diet 3 (crayfish-ground-nut-ogi, 1:1:9); diet 4 (crayfish-ogi, 1:9); diet 5 control (Nutrend). The formulated complementary diets were fed to 30 albino rats. A commercial product (Nutrend) manufactured by nestle plc was obtained at a local supermarket, Ile-Ife, Nigeria and was used as standard diet. Findings: The result showed the growth rate (non-protein diet) decreased from 37.962-36.910; and the growth rate (protein diet) increased from 37.270-54.544, 37.770-82.662, 37.900-78.570, and 37.636-80.521 for diets 1 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively. Protein efficiency ratio (PER), for diets 1 2, 3, 4 and 5 were nil, 1.45, 3.30, 3.15, and 2.94, respectively. Net protein ratio (NPR), for diets 1 2, 3, 4 and 5 were nil, 0.85, 2.78, 2.59, and 2.45, respectively. The average nitrogen retained in various organs of experimental animals, such as liver, kidney and muscle of the diets 1 2, 3 4 and 5 were 35.52, 33.55, 33.58: 48.32, 48.40 48.68: 55.70, 53.20, 56.08: 52.30, 50.48, 54.65: and 56.76, 44.63, 56.80, respectively. The formulations compared to control were found superior in terms of growth rate, PER, NPR and ensure optimum nitrogen content in the liver, kidney and tissues. Originality/value: The paper's findings show that the complementary food formulations which are not expensive, locally available, and affordable, could be produced from plant and animal sources and may be suitable to eradicate protein energy malnutrition (PEM). © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Animals; Complementary food; Food; Net protein ratio; Nutrition; Nutritional evaluation; Plants; Protein efficiency ratio; Proteins	Animalia; Arachis hypogaea; Astacoidea; Euastacus; Rattus; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84904280719	The impact of animal source food products on human nutrition and health	Schönfeldt H.C., Pretorius B., Hall N.	2013	South African Journal of Animal Sciences	43	3	10.4314/sajas.v43i3.11	Institute of Food, Nutrition and Well-being, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	Schönfeldt, H.C., Institute of Food, Nutrition and Well-being, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa, Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Pretorius, B., Institute of Food, Nutrition and Well-being, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa, Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Hall, N., Institute of Food, Nutrition and Well-being, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa, Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	Throughout the ages the quest for food and drink has influenced humanity's economic, social and political development, and played a role in the organization of society and history. Nutrition (or what we choose to consume) influences the health of human beings and therefore their quality of life. Animal source foods are often the dietary component that evokes the widest array of complex scientific, economic, environmental and political issues. It is viewed as the most expensive component of any diet, yet can make significant contributions to human health through providing high quantities of essential nutrients. In addition to quantity, the high quality of the nutrients in animal source foods is important as high-quality nutrients are more readily absorbed into the human body than lower-quality nutrients from other food and non-food sources. As South Africans increasingly suffer the consequences of inappropriate diets (over-and under-nutrition), the role of animal source foods as part of a healthy diet requires continuous investment in research and extrapolation of information towards appropriate guidelines and recommendations. Although it is often suggested that the intake of animal source foods should be limited because of possible linkages between animal product consumption and health, scientific evidence increasingly indicates the beneficial role that animal source foods can play in preventing and combating obesity and certain non-communicable diseases related to over-nutrition. This article aims to describe the nutritional role of animal source foods as part of a healthy South African diet and presents a review of recent findings related to their nutrient contribution, as well as evidence relating to common health concerns.	Animal source foods; Health; Livestock products; Nutrition	None	None
WoS	WOS:000336385000012	Animal source foods have a positive impact on the primary school test scores of Kenyan schoolchildren in a cluster-randomised, controlled feeding intervention trial	Bwibo, Nimrod O.,Drorbaugh, Natalie,Galal, Osman M.,Hulett, Judie L.,Neumann, Charlotte G.,Weiss, Robert E.	2014	BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION	111	5	10.1017/S0007114513003310	University of California Los Angeles, University of California System, University of Nairobi	"Bwibo, Nimrod O.: University of Nairobi","Drorbaugh, Natalie: University of California Los Angeles","Drorbaugh, Natalie: University of California System","Galal, Osman M.: University of California Los Angeles","Galal, Osman M.: University of California System","Hulett, Judie L.: University of California Los Angeles","Hulett, Judie L.: University of California System","Weiss, Robert E.: University of California Los Angeles","Weiss, Robert E.: University of California System",	Micronutrient deficiencies and suboptimal energy intake are widespread in rural Kenya, with detrimental effects on child growth and development. Sporadic school feeding programmes rarely include animal source foods (ASF). In the present study, a cluster-randomised feeding trial was undertaken to determine the impact of snacks containing ASF on district-wide, end-term standardised school test scores and nutrient intake. A total of twelve primary schools were randomly assigned to one of three isoenergetic feeding groups (a local plantbased stew (githeri) with meat, githeri plus whole milk or githeri with added oil) or a control group receiving no intervention feeding. After the initial term that served as baseline, children were fed at school for five consecutive terms over two school years from 1999 to 2001. Longitudinal analysis was used controlling for average energy intake, school attendance, and baseline socio-economic status, age, sex and maternal literacy. Children in the Meat group showed significantly greater improvements in test scores than those in all the other groups, and the Milk group showed significantly greater improvements in test scores than the Plain Githeri (githeri + oil) and Control groups. Compared with the Control group, the Meat group showed significant improvements in test scores in Arithmetic, English, Kiembu, Kiswahili and Geography. The Milk group showed significant improvements compared with the Control group in test scores in English, Kiswahili, Geography and Science. Folate, Fe, available Fe, energy per body weight, vitamin B-12, Zn and riboflavin intake were significant contributors to the change in test scores. The greater improvements in test scores of children receiving ASF indicate improved academic performance, which can result in greater academic achievement.	"animal source foods",KENYA,SCHOOLCHILDREN,"School test scores",ACADEMIC-PERFORMANCE,CHILD-DEVELOPMENT,COGNITIVE-DEVELOPMENT,"IMPROVE DIETARY QUALITY",IRON-DEFICIENCY,"MICRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCIES","RURAL KENYA",SUPPLEMENTATION,"VITAMIN-B12 DEFICIENCY",ZINC	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84921000981	Environmental impact assessment of coal mining at Enugu, Nigeria	Ogbonna P.C., Nzegbule E.C., Okorie P.E.	2015	Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal	33	1	10.1080/14615517.2014.941711	Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P.M.B. 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Department of Forestry and Environmental Management, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P.	Ogbonna, P.C., Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P.M.B. 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Nzegbule, E.C., Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P.M.B. 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Okorie, P.E., Department of Forestry and Environmental Management, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P.M.B. 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria	This study determined the views of respondents in Akwuke and Iva mine communities concerning the impact of coal mining activities on animal and plant species, pattern of settlement, pollution effect and health of people living in these two mined areas in Enugu, Nigeria. Data were generated through sample survey using a well-structured questionnaire and personal observation in the field. Khaya ivorensis (mahogany) was the major tree species that had gone extinct (72% of respondents), and Geochelone sulcata (tortoise) was the major animal species that has gone extinct (80% of respondents) in the two mined areas. Sixty-five percent of the respondents said that water pollution was most severe environmental impact of mining in Akwuke. The major health hazard caused by mining in Akwuke (55% of respondents) and Iva (65% of respondents) was blindness. Indeed, 82.5% of respondents indicated that mining affected the pattern of settlement in the two mined areas. Emphatically, coal mining affected negatively some of the socio-economic activities of the inhabitants of the mined area through removal of vegetation to access coal deposit vis-à-vis blasting, quarrying and crushing of coal. © 2015, © 2014 IAIA.	animal species; coal mining; health effect; pattern of settlement; pollution impact; tree species	animal; coal mining; environmental impact assessment; health impact; human activity; tree; water pollution; Enugu [Nigeria]; Nigeria; Animalia; Geochelone sulcata; Iva; Khaya ivorensis; Swietenia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84946210961	Contribution of draft cattle to rural livelihoods in a district of southeastern Uganda endemic for bovine parasitic diseases: An economic evaluation	Okello W.O., Muhanguzi D., MacLeod E.T., Welburn S.C., Waiswa C., Shaw A.P.	2015	Parasites and Vectors	8	1	10.1186/s13071-015-1191-9	Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Biomolecular and Biolaboratory Sciences, School of Biosecurity, Biotechnical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Avia-GIS, Risschotlei 33, Zoersel, Belgium	Okello, W.O., Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Muhanguzi, D., Department of Biomolecular and Biolaboratory Sciences, School of Biosecurity, Biotechnical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; MacLeod, E.T., Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Welburn, S.C., Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Waiswa, C., Department of Biomolecular and Biolaboratory Sciences, School of Biosecurity, Biotechnical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Shaw, A.P., Avia-GIS, Risschotlei 33, Zoersel, Belgium	Background: A study was conducted in Tororo District in eastern Uganda to assess the socio-economic contribution of draft cattle to rural livelihoods. The aim of the study was to empirically quantify the economic value of draft cattle thus contributing to understanding the impact of endemic parasitic diseases of cattle on livestock productivity and subsequently household income, labor and food security. Method: A total of 205 draft cattle keeping households (n = 205) were randomly selected and structured household questionnaires were administered, focusing on work oxen use, productivity, inputs and outputs. The data obtained was analyzed using standard statistical methods and used to calculate the gross margin from the draft cattle enterprise. Secondary data were obtained from focus group discussions and key informant interviews and these were analyzed using Bayesian methods. Results: The study showed that, apart from being labor saving, the use of animal traction is highly profitable with the gross margin per year from the use of draft cattle amounting to 245 United States dollars per work oxen owning household. The cash obtained from hiring out draft animals was equivalent to nearly a quarter of the average local household's monetary receipts. It also revealed that endemic bovine parasitic diseases such as trypanosomiasis and tick-borne diseases reduced draft cattle output by 20.9 % and potential household income from the use of draft oxen by 32.2 %. Conclusion: The presence of endemic cattle diseases in rural Uganda is adversely affecting the productivity of draft cattle, which in turn affects household income, labor and ultimately food security. This study highlights the contribution of draft cattle to rural livelihoods, thus increasing the expected impact of cost-effective control strategies of endemic production limiting livestock diseases in Uganda. © 2015 Okello et al.	Animal traction; Draft cattle; Gross margin analysis; Household income; Trypanosomiasis; Uganda	Article; bovine; cost; economic evaluation; female; livestock; male; nonhuman; parasitosis; profit; rural area; structured questionnaire; tick borne disease; trypanosomiasis; Uganda; United States	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84872557641	Impact of long term (9 years) deposition of animal wastes on soil physical properties in abeokuta, south-western nigeria-implications for soil management	Busari M.A., Azeez J.O., Orelaja O.O.	2012	Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management	38	4	10.5276/JSWTM.2012.271	Department of Soil Science and Land Management, University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Busari, M.A., Department of Soil Science and Land Management, University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Azeez, J.O., Department of Soil Science and Land Management, University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Orelaja, O.O., Department of Soil Science and Land Management, University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Soil profile pits were examined to evaluate the effects of deposition of animal wastes on some soil physical properties. One profile pit each was dug at pig, cattle, sheep and poultry waste dump sites and one at a control site in an area where animal wastes have not been disposed of. It was observed that soil bulk density was significantly lower at animal waste dump sites than non-dump site but a saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) of 1.27 cm min-3 at the non-dump site was significantly higher than Ks of 0.30 - 0.88 cm min-3 obtained at all the animal waste dump sites, probably due to creation of water repellent property as a result of long term large quantity deposition of animal wastes. At the surface layer (0-20 cm) of the soil profiles, a clay dispersion ratio (CDR) of 9.5% at the control site was significantly higher than that of 6.9 - 9.3% obtained at animal waste dump sites, implying higher microaggregate stability at the sur-face of the dump sites. Similarly, poultry waste had significantly lowest CDR (6.9%) and highest Ks (1.16 cm min-3) than other animal wastes at the uppermost soil layer. Therefore, accumula-tion of animal wastes should be avoided by spreading them evenly on farm land intended to be used for future crop husbandry.	Animal waste; Microaggregate stability; Soil physical properties; Soil profile; Water repellent	Animal wastes; Clay dispersion; Control sites; Crop husbandry; Farm land; Poultry wastes; Saturated hydraulic conductivity; Soil bulk density; Soil layer; Soil management; Soil physical property; Soil profiles; Surface layers; Water repellents; Water-repellent properties; Agronomy; Soils; Waterproofing; Agricultural wastes; Animalia; Bos; Ovis aries; Suidae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892549948	Effects of animated agricultural science instructional package on attitude and performance of junior secondary school students in south west area, Nigeria	Tayo Abass B., Bimbo A., Ojo O.A.	2012	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	3	1	10.5901/mjss.2012.03.01.425	Department of Educational Technology, Obafemi Awolowo University, le-Ife, Nigeria	Tayo Abass, B., Department of Educational Technology, Obafemi Awolowo University, le-Ife, Nigeria; Bimbo, A., Department of Educational Technology, Obafemi Awolowo University, le-Ife, Nigeria; Ojo, O.A., Department of Educational Technology, Obafemi Awolowo University, le-Ife, Nigeria	The study developed a locally-produced Animated Agricultural Science Instructional Package (AASIP). It also examined the effectiveness of the package on students' attitude and performance in Agricultural Science. This was with a view to improving the performance of students in Agricultural Science.The pre-test post-test control group design was employed. The study population consisted of Junior Secondary School (JSS) III students in Ilesa West Local Government Area of Osun State. Two schools were purposively selected based on availability of Agricultural Science teachers. The sample for the study consisted of 160 students selected through simple random sampling technique into experimental and control groups. Students in the experimental group were taught using AASIP while those in the control group were taught using the conventional classroom teaching. The AASIP was developed locally based on animated topics on crop rotation and designed in modules using Macromedia Flash 8.0 and Microsoft PowerPoint 2007. Two research instruments titled Agricultural Science Achievement Test (ASAT) and Students' Attitude Towards Agricultural Science Questionnaire (SATASQ) were used for data collection. Data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics.The results showed that students' attitude towards Agricultural Science was enhanced with the use of the animated instructional package (F = 4.398, p < 0.05). The results further showed that students exposed to the locally-produced AASIP performed significantly better than those exposed to the conventional method (F = 6.082, p < 0.05). The study concluded that the locally produced AASIP was an effective tool for teaching Agricultural Science in secondary schools.	Animated instructional package; Attitude; Instructional package	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84924755802	Impact of anisotropic stresses during dissipative gravitational collapse	Reddy K.P., Govender M., Maharaj S.D.	2015	General Relativity and Gravitation	47	4	10.1007/s10714-015-1880-x	Astrophysics and Cosmology Research Unit, School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa	Reddy, K.P., Astrophysics and Cosmology Research Unit, School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa; Govender, M., Astrophysics and Cosmology Research Unit, School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa; Maharaj, S.D., Astrophysics and Cosmology Research Unit, School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa	We employ a perturbative scheme to study the evolution of a spherically symmetric stellar body undergoing gravitational collapse in the presence of heat dissipation and anisotropic stresses. The Bowers and Liang static model is perturbed, and its subsequent dynamical collapse is studied in the linear perturbative regime. We find that anisotropic effects brought about by the differences in the radial and tangential pressures render the core more unstable than the cooler surface layers. An analysis of the temperature profiles in the interior of the collapsing body shows that the temperature is enhanced in the presence of pressure anisotropy. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media New York.	Anisotropic stresses; Causal thermodynamics; Dissipative collapse	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-61449209745	The combined impact of mine drainage in the Ankobra River Basin, SW Ghana	Akabzaa T.M., Jamieson H.E., Jorgenson N., Nyame K.	2009	Mine Water and the Environment	28	1	10.1007/s10230-008-0057-1	Department of Geology, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Department of Geological Sciences and Geological Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; Department of Geology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark	Akabzaa, T.M., Department of Geology, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Jamieson, H.E., Department of Geological Sciences and Geological Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; Jorgenson, N., Department of Geology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Nyame, K., Department of Geology, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana	This study assessed the combined effects of seven large-scale gold mines, one manganese mine, and scattered artisanal gold mining sites on the quality of water in the Ankobra Basin in a geologically complex terrain. Water samples from streams, boreholes, hand dug wells, and mine spoil were analysed. Scatter plots of trends among measured parameters were used to assess drainage quality and differential impacts. Drainage quality exhibits wide seasonal and spatial variations; the geology strongly influences the water chemistry. Areas with low pH (&lt;5.5), and high sulphate ions and trace ions are suggestive of acid mine drainage while sites with high pH (&gt;7.5), HCO3 -, subdued SO4 2-, and high trace ions are suggestive of sites where acid neutralization is effective. High metal sources are largely confined to mining operations in the Birimian formation with ores containing more than 2% sulphides. However, restricted high metal regimes are observed in drainage in the Tarkwaian formation associated with scatted sulphide-bearing dolerite dykes in the operational areas of the Tarkwa and Damang mines. Earlier studies disputed sulphides in the Tarkwaian formation until recently, when acid-generating dykes were discovered in operating pits. The most degraded waters emanate from the Prestea and Iduapriem mines, and to a lesser extent, the Nsuta mine sites, all mining Birimian rocks. The Tarkwa mine showed minimal metal loading. Zn, Cu, Ni, As, SO4, pH, and specific conductance are essential and adequate parameters in determining if acid drainage is taking place at these sites, and are recommended for routine mine environmental monitoring.	Ankobra River; Drainage; Ghana; Mine; Water	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-37549003684	Performance and fitness traits versus phenotypic appearance in the African Ankole Longhorn cattle: A novel approach to identify selection criteria for indigenous breeds	Ndumu D.B., Baumung R., Wurzinger M., Drucker A.G., Okeyo A.M., Semambo D., Sölkner J.	2008	Livestock Science	113	03-Feb	10.1016/j.livsci.2007.04.004	Department of Sustainable Agricultural Systems, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria; National Animal Genetic Resources Centre and Data Bank, P. O. Box 183, Entebbe, Uganda; School of Environmental Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, North. Territ. 0909, Australia; International Livestock Research Institute, P. O. Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya	Ndumu, D.B., Department of Sustainable Agricultural Systems, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria, National Animal Genetic Resources Centre and Data Bank, P. O. Box 183, Entebbe, Uganda, International Livestock Research Institute, P. O. Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya; Baumung, R., Department of Sustainable Agricultural Systems, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Wurzinger, M., Department of Sustainable Agricultural Systems, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Drucker, A.G., School of Environmental Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, North. Territ. 0909, Australia; Okeyo, A.M., International Livestock Research Institute, P. O. Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya; Semambo, D., National Animal Genetic Resources Centre and Data Bank, P. O. Box 183, Entebbe, Uganda; Sölkner, J., Department of Sustainable Agricultural Systems, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria	Ankole cattle are well known for their massive white horns and red coat colour. These characteristics are attributed to centuries of cultural breeding practices. Two experiments with traditional cattle keepers were carried out at a governmental Ankole nucleus farm in south-western Uganda to identify phenotypic characteristics as well as production and fitness traits which are important indigenous selection criteria. Forty one body measurements each were taken from 15 bulls and 35 cows and phenotypic characteristics were described in detail. In the first experiment 12 groups of 6 to 8 cattle keepers were invited to rank several groups of 4-5 animals according to their preference for a breeding bull or cow based on phenotype alone. In the second experiment the ranking was based on phenotype and a hypothetical life history that was randomly assigned to each animal on each day of experiment. The history included milk yield (on own performance for cows and that of the dam for bulls), fertility of the animal and its sire as well as events of East Coast Fever. For analysis, Generalized Multinomial Logit Models were fitted. To compare different models the likelihood-based pseudo R square measure was used. The results indicate that, in the selection of cows, performance and fitness traits are emphasized by the cattle keepers while in the selection of bulls, the phenotypic appearance of the animal plays an important role. Individual fertility followed by milk performance are the main criteria for selecting cows, resistance to East Coast Fever was of highest importance in bulls. In both sexes a dark red coat colour was highly rated. The study indicates that the methodology of preference ranking combining phenotype and a hypothetical life history may provide insight into indigenous selection criteria of stock owners elsewhere. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Ankole cattle; Indigenous selection criteria; Multinomial logistic regression; Phenotypic ranking	Animalia; Bos	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80054097164	Stochastic simulation model of Ankole pastoral production system: Model development and evaluation	Mulindwa H., Galukande E., Wurzinger M., Ojango J., Okeyo A.M., Sölkner J.	2011	Ecological Modelling	222	20-22	10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2011.08.027	National Livestock Resources Research Institute, Tororo, Uganda; National Animal Genetic Resources Center and Data Bank, Entebbe, Tororo, Uganda; BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria; International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya	Mulindwa, H., National Livestock Resources Research Institute, Tororo, Uganda, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Galukande, E., National Animal Genetic Resources Center and Data Bank, Entebbe, Tororo, Uganda, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Wurzinger, M., BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Ojango, J., International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Okeyo, A.M., International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Sölkner, J., BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria	In the Ankole pastoral production system animals are grazed on pasture all year round. The cattle are not supplemented with conserved pasture or commercial feed except minerals. The large number of factors that influence production makes it impractical and expensive to use field trials to explore all the farm system options. A model of a pastoral production system was developed to provide a tool for developing and testing the system; for example, drying off animals early and supplement them for quick return on heat, testing the economic and ecological viability of the different stocking rates. The model links climate information, on a monthly basis, with dynamic, stochastic component-models for pasture growth and animal production, as well as management policies. Some of the component models were developed and published by other authors but are modified to suit the Ankole pastoral conditions. The model outputs were compared with on-farm data collected over 3 years and data collected for other on-farm studies in the region. The relative prediction error (RPE) values for body weight after weaning across both breeds ranged from 3% to 12% which is below the acceptable 20% and means that the model predicts post weaning growth with an average error of 7.5%. The model predicted pasture production and milk yield across seasons with relative prediction errors of 17.6% and 3.33%, respectively. The graph shapes of actual and predicted average daily milk yield as influenced by season (month of the year) were similar. Because pasture growth and milk production predictions were acceptable, economic predictions can be made using the model to test different management options such as seasonal breeding, alterations in lactation length and determination of appropriate off-takes and evaluation of economic viability of various stocking rates. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.	Ankole cattle; Pastoral system; Simulation; STELLA software	Animal production; Ankole cattle; Average errors; Body weight; Climate information; Commercial feed; Component model; Economic predictions; Economic viability; Field trial; Management options; Management policy; Milk production; Milk yield; Model development; Model links; Model outputs; Pastoral system; Pasture production; Prediction errors; Production system; Quick-return; Simulation; Stella software; Stochastic simulation model; Animals; Climate models; Computer simulation; Economic analysis; Farms; Forecasting; Production engineering; Software testing; Stochastic systems; Stochastic models; agricultural production; body mass; cattle; data set; economic analysis; error analysis; grazing; growth; model test; numerical model; pastoralism; pasture; prediction; software; stochasticity; stocking density; weaning; weight; Animalia; Bos	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84887387050	Evaluation of the hepatoprotective effect of the methanol extract of the root of Uvaria afzelii (Annonaceae)	Ofeimun J.O., Eze G.I., Okirika O.M., Uanseoje S.O.	2013	Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science	3	10	10.7324/JAPS.2013.31022	Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Nigeria; Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Benin, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Enviromental and Life Scienc	Ofeimun, J.O., Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Nigeria; Eze, G.I., Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Benin, Nigeria; Okirika, O.M., Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Nigeria; Uanseoje, S.O., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Enviromental and Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	The claimed hepatoprotective effect of the root of Uvaria afzelii Sc. Elliot (Annonaceae) was investigated using the Carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats as a template. The methanolic extract of U. afzelii co-comittantly administered with carbon tetrachloride at doses of 125, 250 and 500mg/kg was found to significantly (p<0.05) reduce the levels of alanine aminotransfarase (AST), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total and un-conjugated bilirubin, while levels of total protein and albumin were significantly increased in a non dose-dependent pattern, compared to animals treated with carbon tetrachloride alone, where the activity of ALT, AST, ALT, total and un-conjugated bilirubin increased and that of total protein and serum albumin decreased. Histopathological examinations supported the biochemical results. This study conclusively provides scientific validation for the use of extract of the root of U. afzelii in ethnomedicine to manage jaundice and liver injury. © 2013 OFEIMUN Josephine Omose et al.	Annonaceae; Carbontetrachloride; Hepatoprotective; Uvaria afzelii	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84924798977	Laboratory evaluations of the fractions efficacy of Annona senegalensis (Annonaceae) leaf extract on immature stage development of malarial and filarial mosquito vectors	Lame Y., Nukenine E.N., Simon Pierre D.Y., Elijah A.E., Esimone C.O.	2015	Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases	9	2	None	Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Cameroon; Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nigeri	Lame, Y., Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Cameroon; Nukenine, E.N., Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Cameroon; Simon Pierre, D.Y., Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Cameroon; Elijah, A.E., Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nigeria; Esimone, C.O., Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nigeria	Background: Within the framework to control mosquitoes, ovicidal, larvicidal and pupicidal activity of Annona senegalensis leaf extract and its 4 fractions against Anopheles gambiae and Culex quinquefasciatus were evaluated in the laboratory conditions. Methods: Ovicidal test was performed by submitting at least 100 eggs of mosquitoes to 125, 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 ppm concentrations, while larvicidal and pupicidal effects were assessed by submitting 25 larvae or pupae to the concentrations of 2500, 1250, 625 and 312.5 ppm of plant extract or fractions of A. senegalensis. Results: The eggs of An. gambiae were most affected by N-hexane (0.00% hatchability) and chloroform (03.67% hatchability) fractions compared to Cx. quinquefasciatus where at least 25 % hatchability were recorded at 2000 ppm. For larvicidal test, N-hexane (LC50= 298.8 ppm) and chloroform (LC50= 418.3 ppm) fractions were more effective than other fractions on An. gambiae larvae while, a moderate effectiveness was also observed with Nhexane (LC50= 2087.6 ppm), chloroform (LC50= 9010.1 ppm) fractions on Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae. The highest mortality percent of the pupae were also recorded with N-hexane and chloroform fractions on An. gambiae at 2500 ppm. As for Cx. quinquefasciatus only 50 % and 36 % mortality were recorded with N-hexane and chloroform fractions respectively. Conclusion: The extract of A. senegalensis was toxic on immature stage of mosquito species tested. By splitting methanolic crude extract, only N-hexane and chloroform fractions were revealed to possess a mosquitocidal effects and could be considered and utilized for future immature mosquito vectors control.	Annona senegalensis; Anopheles gambiae; Culex quinquefasciatus; Fractions; Pupicidal	alkaloid; Annona senegalensis extract; chloroform; flavonoid; hexane; phenol derivative; plant extract; saponin; steroid; tannin derivative; terpenoid; unclassified drug; adult; animal experiment; Anopheles gambiae; Article; controlled study; Culex quinquefasciatus; developmental stage; egg; female; hatching; insecticidal activity; larvicidal activity; LC50; mortality; mosquito; nonhuman; ovicidal activity; pupa (life cycle stage); pupicidal activity; vector control	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84924757628	On the performance of new local search heuristics for annual crop planning: Case study of the Vaalharts irrigation scheme	Chetty S., Adewumi A.O.	2015	Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Artificial Intelligence	27	2	10.1080/0952813X.2014.924582	School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, University Road, Private Bag X 54001, Westville, Durban, South Africa	Chetty, S., School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, University Road, Private Bag X 54001, Westville, Durban, South Africa; Adewumi, A.O., School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, University Road, Private Bag X 54001, Westville, Durban, South Africa	This paper investigates the capabilities of three new local search (LS) metaheuristic algorithms in determining solutions to an annual crop planning (ACP) problem at an existing Irrigation Scheme. ACP is an optimisation problem in agricultural planning which involves determining resource allocation solutions amongst the various crops that are required to be grown at an irrigation scheme, within a year. The LS algorithms investigated are the best performance algorithm (BPA), the iterative best performance algorithm (IBPA) and the largest absolute difference algorithm (LADA). To determine the relative merits of the solutions found by these algorithms, their solutions have been compared against the solutions of two well-known LS metaheuristic algorithms and four population-based metaheuristic algorithms in the literature. The results show that BPA, IBPA and LADA were competitive in determining solutions for this particular optimisation problem. © 2014 Taylor & Francis.	annual crop planning; best performance algorithm; iterative best performance algorithm; largest absolute difference algorithm; metaheuristics; optimisation; stochastic local search	Crops; Heuristic algorithms; Irrigation; Iterative methods; Local search (optimization); Optimization; Stochastic systems; Absolute difference; Crop planning; Meta heuristics; Optimisations; Stochastic local searches; Algorithms	UKZN, Inyuvesi Yakwazulu-Natali
Scopus	2-s2.0-33646246162	Impact assessment of Mtera and Kidatu reservoirs on the annual maximum floods at Stiegler's Gorge of the Rufiji River in Tanzania	Yawson D.K., Kongo V.M., Kachroo R.K.	2006	Water International	31	1	10.1080/02508060608691919	International Water Management Institute, Pretoria, South Africa; University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; IUCN-West Africa Regional Office Project, Komadugu Yobe Basin, Nigeria; Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Development, Keny	Yawson, D.K., International Water Management Institute, Pretoria, South Africa, IUCN-West Africa Regional Office Project, Komadugu Yobe Basin, Nigeria; Kongo, V.M., University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Development, Kenya, School of Bioresources Engineering and Environmental Hydrology, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa, Ministry of Agriculture, Agriculture Engineering Division, Soil and Water Conservation, Irrigation, Land Use Planning and Mechanization Services, South Africa; Kachroo, R.K.	The impoundment of any river causes changes in the downstream flow regime. The effect of a dam on flow regime depends on both the storage capacity of the reservoir relative to the volume of river flow and the way the dam is operated. The most common attribute of flow regulation is a decrease in the magnitude of the flood peaks and an increase in low flows. This paper reports the findings of a study to assess the cumulative impact of two dams on the Great Ruaha River in Tanzania (the Mtera and Kidatu Reservoir System) on flood flows. The method used was to compare the observed annual maximum flows at downstream locations after the construction of the dams with mathematically modeled estimates of the annual maximum flows at the same locations, assuming that the dams were not built (i.e. generating naturalized flows). Contrary to expectations, the study found that annual maximum peaks were supposed to be less than those actually observed. For instance, in 1989, annual maximum peak flow of 1,400 m 3/s was recorded at Kidatu, but the estimated uncontrolled peak flow should have been 800 m 3/s, signifying an artificially-induced flood wave. Although, there was a significant impact on the peak flows at Kidatu owing to the dams, the impact was found to be minimal on the flow peaks at Steigler's Gorge. © 2006 International Water Resources Association.	Annual maximum floods; Impact assessment; Linear transfer function; Mathematical modeling; Mtera-Kidatu Reservoir System; Rufiji River Basin	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349200981	The decline of tuberculosis in Yemen: Evaluation based on two nationwide tuberculin surveys	Al-Absi A., Bassili A., Abdul Bary H., Barker A., Daniels M., Munim A., Seita A., Williams B., Dye C.	2009	International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease	13	9	None	National Tuberculosis Control Programme, Ministry of Public Health and Population, Sana'a, Yemen; Tropical Disease Research, Stop TB, World Health Organization, Abdul Razzak Al Sanhouri Street, Nasr City, Cairo 11371, Egypt; Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Cape Town, South Africa; World Health Organization, Khartoum, Sudan; Stop TB, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland	Al-Absi, A., National Tuberculosis Control Programme, Ministry of Public Health and Population, Sana'a, Yemen; Bassili, A., Tropical Disease Research, Stop TB, World Health Organization, Abdul Razzak Al Sanhouri Street, Nasr City, Cairo 11371, Egypt; Abdul Bary, H., National Tuberculosis Control Programme, Ministry of Public Health and Population, Sana'a, Yemen; Barker, A., Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Cape Town, South Africa; Daniels, M., Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Cape Town, South Africa; Munim, A., World Health Organization, Khartoum, Sudan; Seita, A., Tropical Disease Research, Stop TB, World Health Organization, Abdul Razzak Al Sanhouri Street, Nasr City, Cairo 11371, Egypt; Williams, B., Stop TB, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; Dye, C., Stop TB, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland	SETTING: Yemen. OBJECTIVE: To review the epidemiological situation of tuberculosis (TB) in Yemen by conducting a tuberculin survey and by comparing the results obtained with those of a previous tuberculin survey from 1991. DESIGN: A nationwide tuberculin survey enrolling 31276 schoolchildren aged between 7 and 12 years. RESULTS: Skin indurations were recorded for 28499 schoolchildren, of whom 16927 (59.4%) had no bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) scar. Analysis of the distribution of indurations was difficult as it did not show any bimodal pattern. Prevalence of infection and annual risk of tuberculosis infection (ARTI) were thus estimated using the mirror image and mixture methods, and not the cut-off point method. The two methods indicated similar results: respectively 0.45% and 0.51% for prevalence of infection, and 0.05% and 0.05% for ARTI. In comparison with the 1991 tuberculin survey, the average annual decline of ARTI was 9.0% by the mirror method and 5.5% by the mixture method. CONCLUSION: Yemen seems to have a low ARTI (0.05%), and TB infection seems to be declining considerably. Analysis of the survey results highlighted the limitations of tuberculin surveys in countries with comparable epidemiological situations. © 2009 The Union.	Annual risk of TB infection; Prevalence; Tuberculin survey; Tuberculosis	BCG vaccine; tuberculin; article; child; controlled study; female; human; major clinical study; male; prevalence; priority journal; school child; skin induration; tuberculosis; Yemen; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Population Surveillance; Prevalence; Risk Assessment; Time Factors; Tuberculin Test; Tuberculosis; Yemen	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84873479358	Evaluation of corrosion cost of crude oil processing industry	Akinyemi O.O., Nwaokocha C.N., Adesanya A.O.	2012	Journal of Engineering Science and Technology	7	4	None	Department of Mechanical Engineering, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ibogun Campus, PMB 5026, Ifo Post Office, Nigeria	Akinyemi, O.O., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ibogun Campus, PMB 5026, Ifo Post Office, Nigeria; Nwaokocha, C.N., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ibogun Campus, PMB 5026, Ifo Post Office, Nigeria; Adesanya, A.O., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ibogun Campus, PMB 5026, Ifo Post Office, Nigeria	Crude oil production industry as the hub of Nigeria Economy is not immune to the global financial meltdown being experienced world over which have resulted in a continual fall of oil price. This has necessitated the need to reduce cost of production. One of the major costs of production is corrosion cost, hence, its evaluation. This research work outlined the basic principles of corrosion prevention, monitoring and inspection and attempted to describe ways in which these measures may be adopted in the context of oil production. A wide range of facilities are used in crude oil production making it difficult to evaluate precisely the extent of corrosion and its cost implication. In this study, cost of corrosion per barrel was determined and the annualized value of corrosion cost was also determined using the principles of engineering economy and results analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results showed that among the corrosion prevention methods identified, the use of chemical treatment gave the highest cost contribution (81%) of the total cost of prevention while coating added 19%. Cleaning pigging and cathodic protection gave no cost. The contribution of corrosion maintenance methods are 60% for repairs and 40% for replacement. Also among the corrosion monitoring and inspection identified, NDT gave the highest cost contribution of 41% of the total cost, followed by coating survey (34%). Cathodic protection survey and crude analysis gives the lowest cost contribution of 19% and 6% respectively. Corrosion control cost per barrel was found to be 77 cent/barrel. The significance of this cost was not much due to high price of crude oil in the international market. But the effect of corrosion in crude oil processing takes its toll on crude oil production (i.e. deferment). © School of Engineering, Taylor's University.	Annuities and corrosion control; Deferment; Downhole; Downtime	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84893179157	High performance anode based on a partially fluorinated sulfonated polyether for direct methanol fuel cells operating at 130 C	Mack F., Gogel V., Jörissen L., Kerres J.	2014	Journal of Power Sources	255	None	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.01.029	Centre for Solar Energy and Hydrogen Research Baden-Wuerttemberg, Division 3, Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion, Helmholtzstr. 8, D-89081, Germany; Helmholtz Institute Ulm, Helmholtzstr. 8, D-89081 Ulm, Germany; Institute of Chemical Process Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Boeblingerstr. 72, D-70199 Stuttgart, Germany; North-West University, Chemical Resource Beneficiation, Potchefstroom, South Africa	Mack, F., Centre for Solar Energy and Hydrogen Research Baden-Wuerttemberg, Division 3, Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion, Helmholtzstr. 8, D-89081, Germany, Helmholtz Institute Ulm, Helmholtzstr. 8, D-89081 Ulm, Germany; Gogel, V., Centre for Solar Energy and Hydrogen Research Baden-Wuerttemberg, Division 3, Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion, Helmholtzstr. 8, D-89081, Germany; Jörissen, L., Centre for Solar Energy and Hydrogen Research Baden-Wuerttemberg, Division 3, Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion, Helmholtzstr. 8, D-89081, Germany; Kerres, J., Centre for Solar Energy and Hydrogen Research Baden-Wuerttemberg, Division 3, Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion, Helmholtzstr. 8, D-89081, Germany, Institute of Chemical Process Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Boeblingerstr. 72, D-70199 Stuttgart, Germany, North-West University, Chemical Resource Beneficiation, Potchefstroom, South Africa	Due to the disadvantages of the Nafion polymer for the application in the direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) especial at temperatures above 100 C several polymers of the hydrocarbon type have already been investigated as membranes and ionomers in the DMFC. Among them were nonfluorinated and partially fluorinated arylene main-chain hydrocarbon polymers. In previous work, sulfonated polysulfone (sPSU) has been applied as the proton-conductive binder in the anode of a DMFC, ending up in good and stable performance. In continuation of this work, in the study presented here a polymer was prepared by polycondensation of decafluorobiphenyl and bisphenol AF. The formed polymer was sulfonated after polycondensation by oleum and the obtained partially fluorinated sulfonated polyether (SFS) was used as the binder and proton conductor in a DMFC anode operating at a temperature of 130 C. The SFS based anode with 5% as ionomer showed comparable performance for the methanol oxidation to Nafion based anodes and significant reduced performance degradation versus Nafion and sPSU based anodes on the Nafion 115 membrane. Membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) with the SFS based anode showed drastically improved performance compared to MEAs with Nafion based anodes during operation with lower air pressure at the cathode. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Anode; Catalyst layer; DMFC; Ionomer; Medium temperature; Partially fluorinated sulfonated polyether	Catalyst layers; High-performance anodes; Medium temperature; Membrane electrode assemblies; Partially fluorinated; Performance degradation; Sulfonated polyether; Sulfonated polysulfone; Anodes; Atmospheric pressure; Binders; Ethers; Ionomers; Polycondensation; Polymers; Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-73449094941	Phytochemical screening and evaluation of some medicinal plants for their in vitro activities on Trypanosoma evansi	Adeiza A.A., Maikai V.A., Hassan F.B.	2009	Journal of Medicinal Plants Research	3	4	None	College of Agriculture and Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Mando Road, Kaduna, Nigeria	Adeiza, A.A., College of Agriculture and Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Mando Road, Kaduna, Nigeria; Maikai, V.A., College of Agriculture and Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Mando Road, Kaduna, Nigeria; Hassan, F.B., College of Agriculture and Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Mando Road, Kaduna, Nigeria	In an attempt to search for new eco-friendly trypanocidal drugs, water and methanol extracts were prepared from three medicinal plants used by herbalists in Nigeria for the treatment of malaria and other ailments. The different portions of the extracts were incubated at various concentrations, 2, 4, 8, 10 mg/ml with Trypanosoma evansi. The results revealed that Khaya senegalensis and Anonna senegalensis were able to immobilize the parasites at 10 mg/ml while Prosopis africana did not show any activity. Phytochemical profile of the plants showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponnins and cardiac glycosides. The results obtained with these crude extracts showed that these plants are potential sources of trypanocidal drugs/chemical leads. © 2009 Academic Journals.	Anonna senegalensis; Antitrypanosomal activity; Khaya senegalensis; Prosopis africana; Trypanosoma evansi	alkaloid derivative; Anonna senegalensis extract; cardiac glycoside; flavonoid; Khaya senegalensis extract; methanol; plant extract; prosopis africana extract; saponin derivative; tannin derivative; unclassified drug; water; Anonna senegalensis; antiprotozoal activity; article; chemical composition; concentration response; controlled study; drug isolation; drug screening; immobilization; in vitro study; Khaya senegalensis; medicinal plant; Nigeria; nonhuman; phytochemistry; prosopis africana; Trypanosoma evansi; Annona; Khaya senegalensis; Prosopis africana; Trypanosoma evansi	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77957582371	Laboratory evaluation of the biocontrol potential of Aphyosemion gularis against Anopheles larvae	Okorie A., Abiodun O.	2010	Journal of Vector Borne Diseases	47	3	None	Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria	Okorie, A., Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Abiodun, O., Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria	[No abstract available]	Anopheles; Aphyosemion gularis; Biological control; Larvivorous fish; Malaria	animal experiment; Anopheles; Aphyosemion gularis; article; biological pest control; controlled study; evaluation research; feeding; fish; food intake; larva; larvivore; light dark cycle; nonhuman; Osphronemus gorami; predation; Pseudotropheus tropheops; species comparison; species identification; Animals; Anopheles; Killifishes; Larva; Mosquito Control; Pest Control, Biological; Predatory Behavior	None
None	None	Standardizing operational vector sampling techniques for measuring malaria transmission intensity: Evaluation of six mosquito collection methods in western Kenya	Wong J., Bayoh N., Olang G., Killeen G.F., Hamel M.J., Vulule J.M., Gimnig J.E.	2013	Malaria Journal	12	1	10.1186/1475-2875-12-143	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Atlanta, GA, United States; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Vector Group, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Ifakara Health Institute, Environmental Sciences Thematic Group, Ifakara, Tanzania	Wong, J., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Atlanta, GA, United States; Bayoh, N., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Atlanta, GA, United States, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya; Olang, G., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Atlanta, GA, United States, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya; Killeen, G.F., Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Vector Group, Liverpool, United Kingdom, Ifakara Health Institute, Environmental Sciences Thematic Group, Ifakara, Tanzania; Hamel, M.J., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Atlanta, GA, United States, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya; Vulule, J.M., Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya; Gimnig, J.E., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Atlanta, GA, United States	Background: Operational vector sampling methods lack standardization, making quantitative comparisons of malaria transmission across different settings difficult. Human landing catch (HLC) is considered the research gold standard for measuring human-mosquito contact, but is unsuitable for large-scale sampling. This study assessed mosquito catch rates of CDC light trap (CDC-LT), Ifakara tent trap (ITT), window exit trap (WET), pot resting trap (PRT), and box resting trap (BRT) relative to HLC in western Kenya to 1) identify appropriate methods for operational sampling in this region, and 2) contribute to a larger, overarching project comparing standardized evaluations of vector trapping methods across multiple countries. Methods. Mosquitoes were collected from June to July 2009 in four districts: Rarieda, Kisumu West, Nyando, and Rachuonyo. In each district, all trapping methods were rotated 10 times through three houses in a 3 × 3 Latin Square design. Anophelines were identified by morphology and females classified as fed or non-fed. Anopheles gambiae s.l. were further identified as Anopheles gambiae s.s. or Anopheles arabiensis by PCR. Relative catch rates were estimated by negative binomial regression. Results: When data were pooled across all four districts, catch rates (relative to HLC indoor) for An. gambiae s.l (95.6% An. arabiensis, 4.4% An. gambiae s.s) were high for HLC outdoor (RR = 1.01), CDC-LT (RR = 1.18), and ITT (RR = 1.39); moderate for WET (RR = 0.52) and PRT outdoor (RR = 0.32); and low for all remaining types of resting traps (PRT indoor, BRT indoor, and BRT outdoor; RR < 0.08 for all). For Anopheles funestus, relative catch rates were high for ITT (RR = 1.21); moderate for HLC outdoor (RR = 0.47), CDC-LT (RR = 0.69), and WET (RR = 0.49); and low for all resting traps (RR < 0.02 for all). At finer geographic scales, however, efficacy of each trap type varied from district to district. Conclusions: ITT, CDC-LT, and WET appear to be effective methods for large-scale vector sampling in western Kenya. Ultimately, choice of collection method for operational surveillance should be driven by trap efficacy and scalability, rather than fine-scale precision with respect to HLC. When compared with recent, similar trap evaluations in Tanzania and Zambia, these data suggest that traps which actively lure host-seeking females will be most useful for surveillance in the face of declining vector densities. © 2013 Wong et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Anopheles arabiensis; Anopheles funestus; Anopheles gambiae; CDC light trap; Human biting rate; Human landing catch; Ifakara tent trap; Mosquito sampling; Window exit trap	adult; Anopheles arabiensis; Anopheles funestus; Anopheles gambiae; article; box resting trap; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention miniature light trap; disease transmission; female; human; human landing catch; Ifakara tent trap; Kenya; malaria; male; morphology; nonhuman; parasite vector; polymerase chain reaction; pot resting trap; rural area; sampling; standardization; window exit trap; Adult; Animals; Child, Preschool; Culicidae; Disease Vectors; Entomology; Female; Humans; Infant; Kenya; Malaria; Male; Population Density	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84940670571	Monitoring changes in malaria epidemiology and effectiveness of interventions in Ethiopia and Uganda: Beyond Garki Project baseline survey	Abeku T.A., Helinski M.E.H., Kirby M.J., Kefyalew T., Awano T., Batisso E., Tesfaye G., Ssekitooleko J., Nicholas S., Erdmanis L., Nalwoga A., Bass C., Cose S., Assefa A., Kebede Z., Habte T., Katamba V., Nuwa A., Bakeera-Ssali S., Akiror S.C., Kyomuhagi	2015	Malaria Journal	14	1	10.1186/s12936-015-0852-7	Malaria Consortium, London, United Kingdom; Malaria Consortium, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Malaria Consortium, Kampala, Uganda; Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom; Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute, Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; South Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Regional Health Bureaux, Hawassa, Ethiopia; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; National Malaria Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda	Abeku, T.A., Malaria Consortium, London, United Kingdom; Helinski, M.E.H., Malaria Consortium, London, United Kingdom, Malaria Consortium, Kampala, Uganda; Kirby, M.J., Malaria Consortium, London, United Kingdom, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Kefyalew, T., Malaria Consortium, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Awano, T., Malaria Consortium, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Batisso, E., Malaria Consortium, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Tesfaye, G., Malaria Consortium, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Ssekitooleko, J., Malaria Consortium, Kampala, Uganda; Nicholas, S., Malaria Consortium, London, United Kingdom; Erdmanis, L., Malaria Consortium, London, United Kingdom, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom; Nalwoga, A., Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute, Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Bass, C., Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom; Cose, S., Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute, Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Assefa, A., Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Kebede, Z., Malaria Consortium, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Habte, T., Malaria Consortium, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, South Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Regional Health Bureaux, Hawassa, Ethiopia; Katamba, V., National Malaria Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda; Nuwa, A., Malaria Consortium, Kampala, Uganda; Bakeera-Ssali, S., Malaria Consortium, Kampala, Uganda; Akiror, S.C., Malaria Consortium, Kampala, Uganda; Kyomuhagi, I., Malaria Consortium, Kampala, Uganda; Tekalegne, A., Malaria Consortium, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Magumba, G., Malaria Consortium, Kampala, Uganda; Meek, S.R., Malaria Consortium, London, United Kingdom	Background: Scale-up of malaria interventions seems to have contributed to a decline in the disease but other factors may also have had some role. Understanding changes in transmission and determinant factors will help to adapt control strategies accordingly. Methods: Four sites in Ethiopia and Uganda were set up to monitor epidemiological changes and effectiveness of interventions over time. Here, results of a survey during the peak transmission season of 2012 are reported, which will be used as baseline for subsequent surveys and may support adaptation of control strategies. Data on malariometric and entomological variables, socio-economic status (SES) and control coverage were collected. Results: Malaria prevalence varied from 1.4 % in Guba (Ethiopia) to 9.9 % in Butemba (Uganda). The most dominant species was Plasmodium vivax in Ethiopia and Plasmodium falciparum in Uganda. The majority of human-vector contact occurred indoors in Uganda, ranging from 83 % (Anopheles funestus sensu lato) to 93 % (Anopheles gambiae s.l.), which is an important factor for the effectiveness of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) or indoor residual spraying (IRS). High kdr-L1014S (resistance genotype) frequency was observed in A. gambiae sensu stricto in Uganda. Too few mosquitoes were collected in Ethiopia, so it was not possible to assess vector habits and insecticide resistance levels. ITN ownership did not vary by SES and 56-98 % and 68-78 % of households owned at least one ITN in Ethiopia and Uganda, respectively. In Uganda, 7 % of nets were purchased by households, but the nets were untreated. In three of the four sites, 69-76 % of people with access to ITNs used them. IRS coverage ranged from 84 to 96 % in the three sprayed sites. Half of febrile children in Uganda and three-quarters in Ethiopia for whom treatment was sought received diagnostic tests. High levels of child undernutrition were detected in both countries carrying important implications on child development. In Uganda, 7-8 % of pregnant women took the recommended minimum three doses of intermittent preventive treatment. Conclusion: Malaria epidemiology seems to be changing compared to earlier published data, and it is essential to have more data to understand how much of the changes are attributable to interventions and other factors. Regular monitoring will help to better interpret changes, identify determinants, modify strategies and improve targeting to address transmission heterogeneity. © 2015 Abeku et al.	Anopheles arabiensis; Anopheles funestus; Anopheles gambiae; Epidemiology; Malaria; Plasmodium falciparum; Plasmodium vivax; Undernutrition; Vector control	antimalarial agent; anemia; Anopheles funestus; Anopheles gambiae; Article; bed net; chemoprophylaxis; child health; child nutrition; controlled study; data analysis; disease carrier; disease transmission; epidemiological monitoring; Ethiopia; fever; geographic distribution; health survey; household; human; indoor residual spraying; insecticide resistance; intervention study; major clinical study; malaria; malaria control; malnutrition; parasite prevalence; Plasmodium falciparum; Plasmodium vivax; pregnancy; prevalence; program effectiveness; seasonal variation; social adaptation; social status; species dominance; Uganda; vector control	None
None	None	Evaluation of ICON Maxx, a long-lasting treatment kit for mosquito nets: Experimental hut trials against anopheline mosquitoes in Tanzania	Tungu P.K., Malima R., Mosha F.W., Lyimo I., Maxwell C., Kaur H., Kisinza W.N., Magesa S.M., Kirby M.J., Rowland M.	2015	Malaria Journal	14	1	10.1186/s12936-015-0742-z	National Institute for Medical Research, Amani Medical Research Centre, Muheza, Tanzania; Pan-African Malaria Vector Research Consortium (PAMVERC), P.O.Box 81, Muheza, Tanga, Tanzania; Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom	Tungu, P.K., National Institute for Medical Research, Amani Medical Research Centre, Muheza, Tanzania, Pan-African Malaria Vector Research Consortium (PAMVERC), P.O.Box 81, Muheza, Tanga, Tanzania; Malima, R., National Institute for Medical Research, Amani Medical Research Centre, Muheza, Tanzania, Pan-African Malaria Vector Research Consortium (PAMVERC), P.O.Box 81, Muheza, Tanga, Tanzania; Mosha, F.W., Pan-African Malaria Vector Research Consortium (PAMVERC), P.O.Box 81, Muheza, Tanga, Tanzania, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania; Lyimo, I., Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania; Maxwell, C., National Institute for Medical Research, Amani Medical Research Centre, Muheza, Tanzania, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Kaur, H., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Kisinza, W.N., National Institute for Medical Research, Amani Medical Research Centre, Muheza, Tanzania, Pan-African Malaria Vector Research Consortium (PAMVERC), P.O.Box 81, Muheza, Tanga, Tanzania; Magesa, S.M., National Institute for Medical Research, Amani Medical Research Centre, Muheza, Tanzania; Kirby, M.J., Pan-African Malaria Vector Research Consortium (PAMVERC), P.O.Box 81, Muheza, Tanga, Tanzania, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Rowland, M., Pan-African Malaria Vector Research Consortium (PAMVERC), P.O.Box 81, Muheza, Tanga, Tanzania, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom	Background: Insecticide-treated nets are the primary method of preventing malaria. To remain effective, the pyrethroid insecticide must withstand multiple washes over the lifetime of the net. ICON® Maxx is a 'dip-it-yourself' kit for long-lasting treatment of polyester nets. The twin-sachet kit contains a slow-release capsule suspension of lambda-cyhalothrin plus binding agent. To determine whether ICON Maxx meets the standards required by the World Health Organization Pesticide Evaluation Scheme (WHOPES), the efficacy and wash fastness of ICON Maxx was evaluated against wild, free-flying anopheline mosquitoes. Methods: ICON Maxx was subjected to bioassay evaluation and experimental hut trial against pyrethroid-susceptible Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles funestus. Mosquito mortality, blood feeding inhibition and personal protection were compared between untreated nets, conventional lambda-cyhalothrin treated nets (CTN) washed either four times (cut-off threshold) or 20 times, and ICON Maxx-treated nets either unwashed or washed 20 times. Results: In bioassay, ICON Maxx demonstrated superior wash resistance to the CTN. In the experimental hut trial, ICON Maxx killed 75 % of An. funestus, 71 % of An. gambiae and 47 % of An. arabiensis when unwashed and 58, 66 and 42 %, respectively, when 20 times washed. The CTN killed 52 % of An. funestus, 33 % of An. gambiae and 30 % of An. arabiensis when washed to the cut-off threshold of four washes and 40, 40 and 36 %, respectively, when 20 times washed. Percentage mortality with ICON Maxx 20 times washed was similar (An. funestus) or significantly higher (An. gambiae, An. arabiensis) than with CTN washed to the WHOPES cut-off threshold. Blood-feeding inhibition with ICON Maxx 20 times washed was similar to the CTN washed to cut-off for all three species. Personal protection was significantly higher with ICON Maxx 20 times washed (66-79 %) than with CTN washed to cut-off (48-60 %). Conclusions: Nets treated with ICON Maxx and washed 20 times met the approval criteria set by WHOPES for Phase II trials in terms of mortality and blood-feeding inhibition. This finding raises the prospect of conventional polyester nets and other materials being made long-lastingly insecticidal through simple dipping in community or home, and thus represents a major advance over conventional pyrethroid treatments. © 2015 Tungu et al.	Anopheles arabiensis; Anopheles funestus; Anopheles gambiae; Experimental huts; Lambda-cyhalothrin; Long-lasting insecticidal nets	cyhalothrin; insecticide; pyrethroid; Anopheles; Anopheles arabiensis; Anopheles funestus; Anopheles gambiae; Article; bed net; bioassay; blood; chemical analysis; controlled study; cyhalothrin treated net; experimental study; feeding behavior; insecticide resistance; mortality; nonhuman; reference value; Tanzania	None
None	None	Development and evaluation of mosquito-electrocuting traps as alternatives to the human landing catch technique for sampling host-seeking malaria vectors	Maliti D.V., Govella N.J., Killeen G.F., Mirzai N., Johnson P.C.D., Kreppel K., Ferguson H.M.	2015	Malaria Journal	14	1	10.1186/s12936-015-1025-4	Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health Institute, PO Box 78373, Kiko Avenue, Mikocheni B, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Bioelectronics Unit, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United Kingdom; School of Life Sciences, Nelson Mandela African Institute of Science and Technology Tanzania, PO Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania	Maliti, D.V., Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow, United Kingdom, Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health Institute, PO Box 78373, Kiko Avenue, Mikocheni B, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, School of Life Sciences, Nelson Mandela African Institute of Science and Technology Tanzania, PO Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania; Govella, N.J., Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health Institute, PO Box 78373, Kiko Avenue, Mikocheni B, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Killeen, G.F., Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health Institute, PO Box 78373, Kiko Avenue, Mikocheni B, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Mirzai, N., Bioelectronics Unit, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Johnson, P.C.D., Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Kreppel, K., Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow, United Kingdom, Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health Institute, PO Box 78373, Kiko Avenue, Mikocheni B, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Ferguson, H.M., Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow, United Kingdom	Background: The human landing catch (HLC) is the gold standard method for sampling host-seeking malaria vectors. However, the HLC is ethically questionable because it requires exposure of humans to potentially infectious mosquito bites. Methods: Two exposure-free methods for sampling host-seeking mosquitoes were evaluated using electrocuting surfaces as potential replacements for HLC: (1) a previously evaluated, commercially available electrocuting grid (CA-EG) designed for killing flies, and (2) a custom-made mosquito electrocuting trap (MET) designed to kill African malaria vectors. The MET and the CA-EG were evaluated relative to the HLC in a Latin Square experiment conducted in the Kilombero Valley, Tanzania. The sampling consistency of the traps across the night and at varying mosquito densities was investigated. Estimates of the proportion of mosquitoes caught indoors (Pi), proportion of human exposure occurring indoors (πi), and proportion of mosquitoes caught when most people are likely to be indoors (Pfl) were compared for all traps. Results: Whereas the CA-EG performed poorly (&lt;10 % of catch of HLC), sampling efficiency of the MET for sampling Anopheles funestus s.l. was indistinguishable from HLC indoors and outdoors. For Anopheles gambiae s.l., sampling sensitivity of MET was 20.9 % (95 % CI 10.3-42.2) indoors and 58.5 % (95 % CI 32.2-106.2) outdoors relative to HLC. There was no evidence of density-dependent sampling by the MET or CA-EG. Similar estimates of Pi were obtained for An. gambiae s.l. and An. funestus s.l. from all trapping methods. The proportion of mosquitoes caught when people are usually indoors (Pfl) was underestimated by the CA-EG and MET for An. gambiae s.l., but similar to the HLC for An. funestus. Estimates of the proportion of human exposure occurring indoors (πi) obtained from the CA-EG and MET were similar to the HLC for An. gambiae s.l., but overestimated for An. funestus. Conclusions: The MET showed promise as an outdoor sampling tool for malaria vectors where it achieved &gt;50 % sampling sensitivity relative to the HLC. The CA-EG had poor sampling sensitivity outdoors and inside. With further modification, the MET could provide an efficient and safer alternative to the HLC for the surveillance of mosquito vectors outdoors. © 2015 Maliti et al.	Anopheles arabiensis; Anopheles funestus s.l.; Anopheles gambiae s.l.; Human landing catch; Malaria; Mosquito behaviour; Mosquito electrocuting trap; Outdoor biting; Vector sampling tools	Anopheles funestus; Anopheles gambiae; Article; environmental exposure; equipment design; host parasite interaction; human landing catch technique; intermethod comparison; malaria control; mosquito; mosquito electrocuting trap; sampling; sensitivity analysis; Tanzania; vector control	None
None	None	Challenges for malaria elimination in Zanzibar: Pyrethroid resistance in malaria vectors and poor performance of long-lasting insecticide nets	Haji K.A., Khatib B.O., Smith S., Ali A.S., Devine G.J., Coetzee M., Majambere S.	2013	Parasites and Vectors	6	1	10.1186/1756-3305-6-82	Zanzibar Malaria Control Program, Mwanakwerekwe, P.O. Box 407, Zanzibar, Tanzania; Malaria Entomology Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341, United States; Ifakara Health Institute, Dar Es Salaam, P.O. Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Cairns Public Health Unit, P.O. Box 1103, Cairns, QLD 4870, Australia; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom	Haji, K.A., Zanzibar Malaria Control Program, Mwanakwerekwe, P.O. Box 407, Zanzibar, Tanzania, Malaria Entomology Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; Khatib, B.O., Zanzibar Malaria Control Program, Mwanakwerekwe, P.O. Box 407, Zanzibar, Tanzania; Smith, S., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341, United States; Ali, A.S., Zanzibar Malaria Control Program, Mwanakwerekwe, P.O. Box 407, Zanzibar, Tanzania; Devine, G.J., Ifakara Health Institute, Dar Es Salaam, P.O. Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, Cairns Public Health Unit, P.O. Box 1103, Cairns, QLD 4870, Australia, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom; Coetzee, M., Malaria Entomology Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; Majambere, S., Ifakara Health Institute, Dar Es Salaam, P.O. Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom	Background: Long-lasting insecticide treated nets (LLINs) and indoor residual house spraying (IRS) are the main interventions for the control of malaria vectors in Zanzibar. The aim of the present study was to assess the susceptibility status of malaria vectors against the insecticides used for LLINs and IRS and to determine the durability and efficacy of LLINs on the island. Methods. Mosquitoes were sampled from Pemba and Unguja islands in 2010-2011 for use in WHO susceptibility tests. One hundred and fifty LLINs were collected from households on Unguja, their physical state was recorded and then tested for efficacy as well as total insecticide content. Results: Species identification revealed that over 90% of the Anopheles gambiae complex was An. arabiensis with a small number of An. gambiae s.s. and An. merus being present. Susceptibility tests showed that An. arabiensis on Pemba was resistant to the pyrethroids used for LLINs and IRS. Mosquitoes from Unguja Island, however, were fully susceptible to all pyrethroids tested. A physical examination of 150 LLINs showed that two thirds were damaged after only three years in use. All used nets had a significantly lower (p &lt; 0.001) mean permethrin concentration of 791.6 mg/m2 compared with 944.2 mg/m2 for new ones. Their efficacy decreased significantly against both susceptible An. gambiae s.s. colony mosquitoes and wild-type mosquitoes from Pemba after just six washes (p &lt; 0.001). Conclusion: The sustainability of the gains achieved in malaria control in Zanzibar is seriously threatened by the resistance of malaria vectors to pyrethroids and the short-lived efficacy of LLINs. This study has revealed that even in relatively well-resourced and logistically manageable places like Zanzibar, malaria elimination is going to be difficult to achieve with the current control measures. © 2013 Haji et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Anopheles arabiensis; Anopheles gambiae; Insecticide resistance; LLINs; Tanzania	pyrethroid; bendiocarb; carbamic acid derivative; cyhalothrin; deltamethrin; insecticide; nitrile; pyrethroid; Anopheles; Anopheles arabiensis; Anopheles gambiae; anopheles merus; article; bed net; clinical effectiveness; concentration (parameters); malaria; nonhuman; Tanzania; vector control; world health organization; animal; classification; disease carrier; drug effects; epidemiology; female; geography; human; Insect Bites and Stings; insecticide resistance; malaria; mosquito; time; transmission; Anopheles arabiensis; Anopheles gambiae; Animals; Anopheles gambiae; Female; Geography; Humans; Insect Bites and Stings; Insect Vectors; Insecticide Resistance; Insecticide-Treated Bednets; Insecticides; Malaria; Mosquito Control; Nitriles; Phenylcarbamates; Pyrethrins; Tanzania; Time Factors	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84894501778	Impacts of insecticide treated bed nets on Anopheles gambiae s.l. populations in Mbita district and Suba district, Western Kenya	Futami K., Dida G.O., Sonye G.O., Lutiali P.A., Mwania M.S., Wagalla S., Lumumba J., Kongere J.O., Njenga S.M., Minakawa N.	2014	Parasites and Vectors	7	1	10.1186/1756-3305-7-63	Department of Vector Ecology and Environment, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan; School of Public Health, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya; ASK Community Project, Mbita, Kenya; NUITM-KEMRI Project, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Eastern and Southern Africa Centre of International Parasite Control (ESACIPAC), Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya	Futami, K., Department of Vector Ecology and Environment, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan; Dida, G.O., Department of Vector Ecology and Environment, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan, School of Public Health, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya; Sonye, G.O., ASK Community Project, Mbita, Kenya; Lutiali, P.A., NUITM-KEMRI Project, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Mwania, M.S., NUITM-KEMRI Project, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Wagalla, S., NUITM-KEMRI Project, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Lumumba, J., NUITM-KEMRI Project, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Kongere, J.O., NUITM-KEMRI Project, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Njenga, S.M., Eastern and Southern Africa Centre of International Parasite Control (ESACIPAC), Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Minakawa, N., Department of Vector Ecology and Environment, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan	Background: Abundance and species composition of sympatric malaria vector species are the important factors governing transmission intensity. A widespread insecticidal bed net coverage may replace endophagic species with exophagic species. However, unique local environments also influence a vector population. This study examined the impacts of insecticidal bed nets on An. gambiae s.l populations in Mbita District and Suba District. Methods. The species compositions of An. gambiae s.l. larvae were compared between 1997, 2009 and 2010 and between geographical areas. The abundance and species composition of An. gambiae s.l. females resting indoors were compared between 1999, 2008 and 2010 and between geographical areas. Bed net coverage was also examined temporally and spatially, and its relationships with vector abundance and species composition were examined. Results: The relative abundance of An. gambiae s.s. larvae was 31.4% in 1997, decreasing to 7.5% in 2008 and 0.3% in 2010. The density of indoor resting An. gambiae s.l. females decreased by nearly 95%, and the relative abundance of An. gambiae s.s. females decreased from 90.6% to 60.7% and 72.4% in 2008 and 2010, respectively. However, the species composition of indoor resting An. gambiae s.l. females changed little in the island villages, and An. gambiae s.s. remained dominant in the western part of the study area. The density of house resting females was negatively associated with the number of bed nets in a retrospective analysis, but the effect of bed nets on species composition was not significant in both retrospective and cross-sectional analyses. Conclusion: An increase in bed net coverage does not necessarily replace endophilic species with exophilic species. The effect of bed nets on An. gambiae s.l. populations varies spatially, and locally unique environments are likely to influence the species composition. © 2014 Futami et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Anopheles arabiensis; Anopheles gambiae; ITN; Malaria; Species composition	Animals; Anopheles gambiae; Female; Geography; Insecticide-Treated Bednets; Kenya; Larva; Malaria; Mosquito Control; Population Density; Population Dynamics	None
None	None	Modified veranda-trap hut for improved evaluation of vector control interventions	Oxborough R.M., Kitau J., Mosha F.W., Rowland M.W.	2015	Medical and Veterinary Entomology	29	4	10.1111/mve.12123	Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, United Kingdom; Department of Entomology and Parasitology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMUCo), Tumaini University, Moshi, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania; Department of Entomology, Pan-African Malaria Vector Research Consortium (PAMVERC), Moshi, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania	Oxborough, R.M., Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, United Kingdom, Department of Entomology and Parasitology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMUCo), Tumaini University, Moshi, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania, Department of Entomology, Pan-African Malaria Vector Research Consortium (PAMVERC), Moshi, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania; Kitau, J., Department of Entomology and Parasitology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMUCo), Tumaini University, Moshi, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania, Department of Entomology, Pan-African Malaria Vector Research Consortium (PAMVERC), Moshi, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania; Mosha, F.W., Department of Entomology and Parasitology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMUCo), Tumaini University, Moshi, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania, Department of Entomology, Pan-African Malaria Vector Research Consortium (PAMVERC), Moshi, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania; Rowland, M.W., Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, United Kingdom, Department of Entomology, Pan-African Malaria Vector Research Consortium (PAMVERC), Moshi, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania	Experimental huts with veranda traps have been used in Tanzania since 1963 for the study of residual insecticides for use with insecticide-treated nets and indoor residual spraying. Mosquitoes are allowed unrestricted entry through the eaves to facilitate the collection of an estimable proportion of mosquitoes that attempt to exit through the eave gaps, which are left open on two sides of the hut. This study was designed to validate the use of eave baffles to funnel entry and to prevent mosquito escape, and to determine biting times of Anopheles arabiensis (Patton) (Diptera: Culicidae). Anopheles arabiensis and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) (Diptera: Culicidae) were released into the room at 20.30 hours and collected the following morning from veranda traps, window traps and the room. Centers for Disease Control light traps hung overnight next to volunteers were emptied every 2 h to determine peak biting times. A total of 55% of An. arabiensis were trapped before 22.30 hours and the highest peak in 'biting' was recorded during 18.30-20.30 hours. Of the released An. arabiensis that exited into veranda traps, 7% were captured in veranda traps entered through baffles and 93% were captured in traps entered through unmodified eaves. When veranda screens were left open to allow for escape outdoors, recapture rates were 68% for huts with eave baffles and 39% for huts with unmodified eaves. The comparison of open eaves with baffled eaves validated the assumption that in huts of the traditional non-baffled design, 50% of mosquitoes escape through open eaves. Eave baffles succeeded in reducing the potential for mosquito exit and produced more precise estimates of effect. © 2015 The Royal Entomological Society.	Anopheles arabiensis; Biting times; Eave baffles; Exiting; Experimental hut; Insecticide evaluation	disease control; disease vector; experimental study; insecticide; mosquito; trap (equipment); Tanzania; Anopheles arabiensis; Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus; Culicidae; Diptera	None
None	None	Evaluation of indoor residual spraying with the pyrrole insecticide chlorfenapyr against pyrethroid-susceptible Anopheles arabiensis and pyrethroid-resistant Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes	Oxborough R.M., Kitau J., Matowo J., Mndeme R., Feston E., Boko P., Odjo A., Metonnou C.G., Irish S., N'Guessan R., Mosha F.W., Rowland M.W.	2010	Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene	104	10	10.1016/j.trstmh.2010.07.008	Kilimanjaro Christian Medical College of Tumaini University, P.O. Box 2240, Moshi, Tanzania; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; Pan-African Malaria Vector Research Consortium (PAMVERC), United Kingdom; Centre de Recherches Entomologique de Cotonou (CREC), Cotonou, Benin	Oxborough, R.M., Kilimanjaro Christian Medical College of Tumaini University, P.O. Box 2240, Moshi, Tanzania, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom, Pan-African Malaria Vector Research Consortium (PAMVERC), United Kingdom; Kitau, J., Kilimanjaro Christian Medical College of Tumaini University, P.O. Box 2240, Moshi, Tanzania, Pan-African Malaria Vector Research Consortium (PAMVERC), United Kingdom; Matowo, J., Kilimanjaro Christian Medical College of Tumaini University, P.O. Box 2240, Moshi, Tanzania, Pan-African Malaria Vector Research Consortium (PAMVERC), United Kingdom; Mndeme, R., Kilimanjaro Christian Medical College of Tumaini University, P.O. Box 2240, Moshi, Tanzania, Pan-African Malaria Vector Research Consortium (PAMVERC), United Kingdom; Feston, E., Kilimanjaro Christian Medical College of Tumaini University, P.O. Box 2240, Moshi, Tanzania, Pan-African Malaria Vector Research Consortium (PAMVERC), United Kingdom; Boko, P., Pan-African Malaria Vector Research Consortium (PAMVERC), United Kingdom, Centre de Recherches Entomologique de Cotonou (CREC), Cotonou, Benin; Odjo, A., Pan-African Malaria Vector Research Consortium (PAMVERC), United Kingdom, Centre de Recherches Entomologique de Cotonou (CREC), Cotonou, Benin; Metonnou, C.G., Pan-African Malaria Vector Research Consortium (PAMVERC), United Kingdom, Centre de Recherches Entomologique de Cotonou (CREC), Cotonou, Benin; Irish, S., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; N'Guessan, R., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom, Pan-African Malaria Vector Research Consortium (PAMVERC), United Kingdom, Centre de Recherches Entomologique de Cotonou (CREC), Cotonou, Benin; Mosha, F.W., Kilimanjaro Christian Medical College of Tumaini University, P.O. Box 2240, Moshi, Tanzania, Pan-African Malaria Vector Research Consortium (PAMVERC), United Kingdom; Rowland, M.W., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom, Pan-African Malaria Vector Research Consortium (PAMVERC), United Kingdom	Chlorfenapyr is a pyrrole insecticide with a unique non-neurological mode of action. Laboratory bioassays of chlorfenapyr comparing the mortality of pyrethroid-susceptible and -resistant Anopheles gambiae s.s. and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes indicated that operational cross-resistance is unlikely to occur (resistance ratio ranged between 0 and 2.1). Three trials of chlorfenapyr indoor residual spraying were undertaken in experimental huts in an area of rice irrigation in northern Tanzania that supports breeding of A. arabiensis. Daily mosquito collections were undertaken to assess product performance primarily in terms of mortality. In the second trial, 250mg/m2 and 500mg/m2 chlorfenapyr were tested for residual efficacy over 6 months. Both dosages killed 54% of C. quinquefasciatus, whilst for A. arabiensis 250mg/m2 killed 48% compared with 41% for 500mg/m2; mortality was as high at the end of the trial as at the beginning. In the third trial, 250mg/m2 chlorfenapyr was compared with the pyrethroid alpha-cypermethrin dosed at 30mg/m2. Chlorfenapyr performance was equivalent to the pyrethroid against A. arabiensis, with both insecticides killing 50% of mosquitoes. Chlorfenapyr killed a significantly higher proportion of pyrethroid-resistant C. quinquefasciatus (56%) compared with alpha-cypermethrin (17%). Chlorfenapyr has the potential to be an important addition to the limited arsenal of public health insecticides for indoor residual control of A. arabiensis and pyrethroid-resistant species of mosquito. © 2010 Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.	Anopheles arabiensis; Chlorfenapyr; Culex quinquefasciatus; Indoor residual spraying; Insecticides; Vector control	chlorfenapyr; pyrethroid; pyrrole; unclassified drug; Anopheles arabiensis; article; breeding; cross resistance; Culex quinquefasciatus; insect control; insect resistance; insecticidal activity; insecticide resistance; nonhuman; pesticide spraying; Animals; Anopheles; Bedding and Linens; Culex; Housing; Insecticide Resistance; Insecticides; Malaria; Mosquito Control; Pesticide Residues; Pyrethrins; Tanzania; Anopheles arabiensis; Anopheles gambiae; Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus	None
None	None	Comparative evaluation of the Sticky-Resting-Box-Trap, the standardised resting-bucket-trap and indoor aspiration for sampling malaria vectors	Kreppel K.S., Johnson P.C.D., Govella N.J., Pombi M., Maliti D., Ferguson H.M.	2015	Parasites and Vectors	8	1	10.1186/s13071-015-1066-0	Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences Group, Ifakara Health Institute, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania; Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Università di Roma Sapienza, Rome, Italy	Kreppel, K.S., Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom, Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences Group, Ifakara Health Institute, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania; Johnson, P.C.D., Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Govella, N.J., Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences Group, Ifakara Health Institute, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania; Pombi, M., Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Università di Roma Sapienza, Rome, Italy; Maliti, D., Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom, Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences Group, Ifakara Health Institute, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania; Ferguson, H.M., Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom	Background: Understanding mosquito resting behaviour is important for the control of vector-borne diseases, but this remains a challenge because of the paucity of efficient sampling tools. We evaluated two novel sampling methods in the field: the Sticky Resting Box (SRB) and the Resting Bucket trap (RBu) to test their efficiency for sampling malaria vectors resting outdoors and inside houses in rural Tanzania. The performance of RBu and SRB was compared outdoors, while indoors SRB were compared with the Back Pack Aspiration method (BP). Trapping was conducted within 4 villages in the Kilombero Valley, Tanzania over 14 nights. On each night, the performance for collecting Anopheles vectors and Culicinae was compared in 4 households by SRB and RBu outdoors and by SRB or fixed-time Back Pack aspirator in 2 of the 4 focal households indoors. Findings: A total of 619 Anopheles gambiae s.l., 224 Anopheles funestus s.l. and 1737 Culicinae mosquitoes were captured. The mean abundance of An. arabiensis and An. funestus s.l. collected with SRB traps inside and outdoors was significantly lower than with BP or RBu. The SRB however, outperformed BP aspiration for collection of Culicinae indoors. Conclusions: Of the methods trialled indoors (BP and SRB), BP was the most effective, whilst outdoors RBu performed much better than SRB. However, as SRB can passively sample mosquitoes over a week they could provide an alternative to the RBu where daily monitoring is not possible. © 2015 Kreppel et al.	Anopheles arabiensis; Ecology; Exophily; Malaria vector; Resting behaviour; Resting traps; Sticky trap	Anopheles funestus; Anopheles gambiae; Article; controlled study; Culicinae; indoor aspiration; intermethod comparison; mosquito; nonhuman; population abundance; resting bucket trap; rural area; sampling; Sticky Resting Box Trap; Tanzania	None
None	None	Laboratory and experimental hut evaluation of a long-lasting insecticide treated blanket for protection against mosquitoes	Kitau J., Oxborough R., Kaye A., Chen-Hussey V., Isaacs E., Matowo J., Kaur H., Magesa S.M., Mosha F., Rowland M., Logan J.	2014	Parasites and Vectors	7	1	10.1186/1756-3305-7-129	Department of Entomology and Parasitology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMUCo), Moshi, Tanzania; Pan-African Malaria Vector Research Consortium, (PAMVERC), Moshi, Tanzania; Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, United Kingdom; Africa University Development Office, Nashville, TN 37203-0007, United States; RTI International, Global Health Division, Nairobi, Kenya	Kitau, J., Department of Entomology and Parasitology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMUCo), Moshi, Tanzania, Pan-African Malaria Vector Research Consortium, (PAMVERC), Moshi, Tanzania; Oxborough, R., Department of Entomology and Parasitology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMUCo), Moshi, Tanzania, Pan-African Malaria Vector Research Consortium, (PAMVERC), Moshi, Tanzania, Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, United Kingdom; Kaye, A., Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, United Kingdom; Chen-Hussey, V., Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, United Kingdom; Isaacs, E., Africa University Development Office, Nashville, TN 37203-0007, United States; Matowo, J., Department of Entomology and Parasitology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMUCo), Moshi, Tanzania, Pan-African Malaria Vector Research Consortium, (PAMVERC), Moshi, Tanzania; Kaur, H., Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, United Kingdom; Magesa, S.M., RTI International, Global Health Division, Nairobi, Kenya; Mosha, F., Department of Entomology and Parasitology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMUCo), Moshi, Tanzania, Pan-African Malaria Vector Research Consortium, (PAMVERC), Moshi, Tanzania; Rowland, M., Pan-African Malaria Vector Research Consortium, (PAMVERC), Moshi, Tanzania, Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, United Kingdom; Logan, J., Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, United Kingdom	Background: Long-lasting insecticide treated blankets (LLIBs) may provide additional protection against malaria where use of long lasting insecticidal nets (LLIN) is low or impractical such as in disaster or emergency situations. Methods. Initial efficacy testing of a new candidate LLIB was carried out at LSHTM and KCMUCo, before and after washing, in cone and ball bioassays and arm-in-cage tests against pyrethroid susceptible Anopheles gambiae. A small scale field trial was conducted using veranda-trap experimental huts in northern Tanzania against wild An. arabiensis and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes. Treatments included unwashed and 5 times washed permethrin treated LLIB and blankets hand-treated with permethrin (ITB), untreated blankets, and a holed unwashed Olyset net. Results: Cone test mortality was 75% for LLIB when unwashed, but decreased to 32% after 5 washes and <10% after 10 washes. In arm-in-cage tests protection against biting was 100% for LLIBs regardless of the number of washes while reduction in landings was 79% when unwashed, 75% after 5 washes, but declined to 41% after 10 and 33% after 20 washes. In ball bioassays using pyrethroid resistant An. arabiensis, mortality was low in all treatments (<35%) and there was no significant difference in mortality between Olyset net, LLIB or ITB (p > 0.05). Percentage mortality of An. arabiensis in huts with LLIB unwashed (26%) was not statistically different to Olyset net (31%, p = 0.5). The 5 times washed LLIB reduced blood-feeding by 49% which was equivalent to Olyset net (p > 0.086). There was no significant difference in percentage blood-feeding between LLIB and ITB unwashed or 5 times washed (p = 0.147 and p = 0.346 respectively). The 5 times washed LLIB reduced blood-feeding of Culex quinquefasciatus by 40%, although the Olyset provided the greatest protection with 85% inhibition. ELISA analysis of a sub-sample of blood fed mosquitoes showed that not all had fed on humans in the huts, therefore blood-feeding inhibition may have been underestimated. Conclusions: This trial demonstrated the potential of LLIBs to provide substantial personal protection even against pyrethroid resistant mosquitoes. LLIBs may prove particularly useful where LLINs are unsuitable or net usage is low. © 2014 Kitau et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Anopheles arabiensis; Experimental hut; Insecticide treated blankets; Pyrethroids; Tanzania; Vector control	permethrin; pyrethroid; insecticide; pyrethroid; Anopheles arabiensis; Anopheles gambiae; antibiotic sensitivity; article; bed net; bioassay; blood; controlled study; Culex quinquefasciatus; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; female; human; human experiment; insect control; insecticide resistance; laboratory test; long lasting insecticide treated blanket; mortality; mosquito; mosquito bite; nonhuman; normal human; protective equipment; Tanzania; textile washing; tropical medicine; wild species; animal; Anopheles; bed; Culex; drug effects; mosquito; procedures; time; Animals; Anopheles; Bedding and Linens; Culex; Humans; Insecticide Resistance; Insecticide-Treated Bednets; Insecticides; Mosquito Control; Pyrethrins; Time Factors	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84893848107	Push by a net, pull by a cow: Can zooprophylaxis enhance the impact of insecticide treated bed nets on malaria control?	Iwashita H., Dida G.O., Sonye G.O., Sunahara T., Futami K., Njenga S.M., Chaves L.F., Minakawa N.	2014	Parasites and Vectors	7	1	10.1186/1756-3305-7-52	Department of Vector Ecology and Environment, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan; ASK Community Project, Mbita, Kenya; Eastern and Southern Africa Centre of International Parasite Control, Nairobi, Kenya; Programa de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (PIET), Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa, Costa Rica	Iwashita, H., Department of Vector Ecology and Environment, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan; Dida, G.O., Department of Vector Ecology and Environment, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan; Sonye, G.O., ASK Community Project, Mbita, Kenya; Sunahara, T., Department of Vector Ecology and Environment, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan; Futami, K., Department of Vector Ecology and Environment, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan; Njenga, S.M., Eastern and Southern Africa Centre of International Parasite Control, Nairobi, Kenya; Chaves, L.F., Department of Vector Ecology and Environment, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan, Programa de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (PIET), Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa, Costa Rica; Minakawa, N., Department of Vector Ecology and Environment, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan	Background: Mass insecticide treated bed net (ITN) deployment, and its associated coverage of populations at risk, had "pushed" a decline in malaria transmission. However, it is unknown whether malaria control is being enhanced by zooprophylaxis, i.e., mosquitoes diverted to feed on hosts different from humans, a phenomenon that could further reduce malaria entomological transmission risk in areas where livestock herding is common. Methods. Between May and July 2009, we collected mosquitoes in 104 houses from three neighboring villages with high ITN coverage (over 80%), along Lake Victoria. We also performed a census of livestock in the area and georeferenced tethering points for all herds, as well as, mosquito larval habitats. Bloodmeal contents from sampled mosquitoes were analyzed, and each mosquito was individually tested for malaria sporozoite infections. We then evaluated the association of human density, ITN use, livestock abundance and larval habitats with mosquito abundance, bloodfeeding on humans and malaria sporozoite rate using generalized linear mixed effects models. Results: We collected a total of 8123 mosquitoes, of which 1664 were Anopheles spp. malaria vectors over 295 household spray catches. We found that vector household abundance was mainly driven by the number of householders (P < 0.05), goats/sheep tethered around the house (P < 0.05) and ITNs, which halved mosquito abundance (P < 0.05). In general, similar patterns were observed for Anopheles arabiensis, but not An. gambiae s.s. and An. funestus s.s., whose density did not increase with the presence of livestock animals. Feeding on humans significantly increased in all species with the number of householders (P < 0.05), and only significantly decreased for An. arabiensis in the presence of cattle (P < 0.05). Only 26 Anopheles spp. vectors had malaria sporozoites with the sporozoite rate significantly decreasing as the proportion of cattle feeding mosquitoes increased (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Our data suggest that cattle, in settings with large ITN coverage, have the potential to drive an unexpected "push-pull" malaria control system, where An. arabiensis mosquitoes "pushed" out of human contact by ITNs are likely being further "pulled" by cattle. © 2014 Iwashita et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Anopheles; Bed net; Bloodfeeding; Plasmodium falciparum; Zooprophylaxis	Animals; Culicidae; Feeding Behavior; Geography; Humans; Insecticide-Treated Bednets; Kenya; Larva; Livestock; Malaria; Mosquito Control; Population Density; Public Health Surveillance	R03TW008237, NIH, National Institutes of Health; D43TW009527, NIH, National Institutes of Health; U19AI089672, NIH, National Institutes of Health
None	None	Experimental hut evaluation of the pyrrole insecticide chlorfenapyr on bed nets for the control of Anopheles arabiensis and Culex quinquefasciatus	Mosha F.W., Lyimo I.N., Oxborough R.M., Malima R., Tenu F., Matowo J., Feston E., Mndeme R., Magesa S.M., Rowland M.	2008	Tropical Medicine and International Health	13	5	10.1111/j.1365-3156.2008.02058.x	Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Amani Medical Research Centre, National Institute of Medical Research, Muheza, Tanzania; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom	Mosha, F.W., Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania; Lyimo, I.N., Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania; Oxborough, R.M., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Malima, R., Amani Medical Research Centre, National Institute of Medical Research, Muheza, Tanzania; Tenu, F., Amani Medical Research Centre, National Institute of Medical Research, Muheza, Tanzania; Matowo, J., Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania; Feston, E., Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania; Mndeme, R., Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania; Magesa, S.M., Amani Medical Research Centre, National Institute of Medical Research, Muheza, Tanzania; Rowland, M., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom	Objective: To determine the efficacy of chlorfenapyr against Anopheles arabiensis and Culex quinquefasciatus in East Africa and to identify effective dosages for net treatment in comparison with the commonly used pyrethroid deltamethrin. Methods: Chlorfenapyr was evaluated on bed nets in experimental huts against A. arabiensis and C. quinquefasciatus in Northern Tanzania, at application rates of 100-500 mg/m2. Results: In experimental huts, mortality rates in A. arabiensis were high (46.0-63.9%) for all dosages of chlorfenapyr and were similar to that of deltamethrin-treated nets. Mortality rates in C. quinquefasciatus were higher for chlorfenapyr than for deltamethrin. Despite a reputation for being slow acting, &gt;90% of insecticide-induced mortality in laboratory tunnel tests and experimental huts occurred within 24 h, and the speed of killing was no slower than for deltamethrin-treated nets. Conclusions: Chlorfenapyr induced low irritability and knockdown, which explains the relatively small reduction in blood-feeding rate. Combining chlorfenapyr with a more excito-repellent pyrethroid on bed nets for improved personal protection, control of pyrethroid-resistant mosquitoes and pyrethroid resistance management would be advantageous. © 2008 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.	Anopheles; Chlorfenapyr; Culex; Mosquito nets	chlorfenapyr; deltamethrin; insecticide; unclassified drug; blood; comparative study; disease control; experimental study; impregnated bednet; laboratory method; mortality; mosquito; pesticide resistance; pyrethroid; resistance management; Anopheles; article; bed net; bioassay; controlled study; Culex quinquefasciatus; drug efficacy; female; laboratory test; mortality; nonhuman; pest control; Animals; Anopheles; Bedding and Linens; Culex; Female; Housing; Insecticides; Mosquito Control; Nitriles; Pyrethrins; Tanzania; Africa; East Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Anopheles arabiensis; Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus	None
None	None	Field evaluation of traditionally used plant-based insect repellents and fumigants against the malaria vector Anopheles darlingi in Riberalta, Bolivian Amazon	Moore S.J., Hill N., Ruiz C., Cameron M.M.	2007	Journal of Medical Entomology	44	4	10.1603/0022-2585(2007)44[624:FEOTUP]2.0.CO;2	London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; Ifakara Heath Research and Development Centre, P.O. Box 53, Ifakara, Kilombero, Tanzania; Durham University, School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Science Laboratories, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom; Population Services International, PSI/Bolivia Edificio El Zodiaco Piso 3 Depto. 301, Calle 9, Zona Obrajes Entre Av., La Paz, Bolivia	Moore, S.J., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom, Ifakara Heath Research and Development Centre, P.O. Box 53, Ifakara, Kilombero, Tanzania, Durham University, School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Science Laboratories, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom; Hill, N., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; Ruiz, C., Population Services International, PSI/Bolivia Edificio El Zodiaco Piso 3 Depto. 301, Calle 9, Zona Obrajes Entre Av., La Paz, Bolivia; Cameron, M.M., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom	Inexpensive insect repellents may be needed to supplement the use of impregnated bed-nets in the Amazon region, where the primary malaria vector, Anopheles darlingi (Root), is exophilic and feeds in the early evening. Three plants that are traditionally used to repel mosquitoes in Riberalta, Bolivian Amazon, were identified by focus group, and then they were tested against An. darlingi as well as Mansonia indubitans (Dyar & Shannon)/Mansonia titillans (Walker). Cymbopogon citratus (Staph), Guatemalan lemongrass, essential oil at 25% was used as a skin repellent, and it provided 74% protection for 2.5 h against predominantly An. darlingi and 95% protection for 2.5 h against Mansonia spp. Attalea princeps (name not verified) husks, burned on charcoal in the traditional way provided 35 and 51% protection against An. darlingi and Mansonia spp., respectively. Kerosene lamps, often used to light rural homes, were used as a heat source to volatilize 100% Mentha arvensis (Malinv ex. Bailey) essential oil, and they reduced biting by 41% inside traditional homes against Mansonia spp., although they were ineffective outdoors against An. darlingi. All three plant-based repellents provided significant protection compared with controls. Plant-based repellents, although less effective than synthetic alternatives, were shown by focus groups to be more culturally acceptable in this setting, in particular para-menthane-3, 8, idol derived from lemon eucalyptus, Corymbia citriodora (Hook). Plant-based repellents have the potential to be produced locally and therefore sold more cheaply than synthetic commercial repellents. Importantly, their low cost may encourage user compliance among indigenous and marginalized populations. © 2007 Entomological Society of America.	Anopheles darlingi; Cymbopogon citratus; Mansonia spp.; Plant-based; Repellent	insect repellent; vegetable oil; animal; Anopheles; article; Bolivia; drug effect; female; infection control; male; rural population; sexual development; urban population; Animals; Anopheles; Bolivia; Female; Fumigation; Insect Repellents; Male; Plant Oils; Rural Population; Sex Characteristics; Urban Population; Anopheles darlingi; Attalea; Citrus limon; Corymbia citriodora; Cymbopogon citratus; Eucalyptus; Hexapoda; Mansonia titillans; Mentha; Mentha arvensis	None
WoS	WOS:000315119400002	The impact of hotspot-targeted interventions on malaria transmission: study protocol for a cluster-randomized controlled trial	Baidjoe, Amrish,Bayoh, Nabie,Bousema, Teun,Cox, Jonathan,Desai, Meghna,Drakeley, Chris,Griffin, Jamie T.,Kleinschmidt, Immo,Laserson, Kayla,Remarque, Edmond J.,Sauerwein, Robert,Stevenson, Jennifer,Stresman, Gillian,Vulule, John	2013	TRIALS	14	None	10.1186/1745-6215-14-36	Imperial College London, Radboud University Nijmegen, University of London, Biomed Primate Res Ctr, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention - USA, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine	"Baidjoe, Amrish: Radboud University Nijmegen","Cox, Jonathan: University of London","Drakeley, Chris: University of London","Griffin, Jamie T.: Imperial College London","Kleinschmidt, Immo: University of London","Sauerwein, Robert: Radboud University Nijmegen","Stevenson, Jennifer: University of London","Stresman, Gillian: University of London",	Background: Malaria transmission is highly heterogeneous in most settings, resulting in the formation of recognizable malaria hotspots. Targeting these hotspots might represent a highly efficacious way of controlling or eliminating malaria if the hotspots fuel malaria transmission to the wider community. Methods/design: Hotspots of malaria will be determined based on spatial patterns in age-adjusted prevalence and density of antibodies against malaria antigens apical membrane antigen-1 and merozoite surface protein-1. The community effect of interventions targeted at these hotspots will be determined. The intervention will comprise larviciding, focal screening and treatment of the human population, distribution of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets and indoor residual spraying. The impact of the intervention will be determined inside and up to 500 m outside the targeted hotspots by PCR-based parasite prevalence in cross-sectional surveys, malaria morbidity by passive case detection in selected facilities and entomological monitoring of larval and adult Anopheles populations. Discussion: This study aims to provide direct evidence for a community effect of hotspot-targeted interventions. The trial is powered to detect large effects on malaria transmission in the context of ongoing malaria interventions. Follow-up studies will be needed to determine the effect of individual components of the interventions and the cost-effectiveness of a hotspot-targeted approach, where savings made by reducing the number of compounds that need to receive interventions should outweigh the costs of hotspot-detection.	ANOPHELES,ELIMINATION,EPIDEMIOLOGY,ERADICATION,falciparum,HETEROGENEITY,IMMUNOLOGY,MALARIA,MOLECULAR,TRANSMISSION,ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE,"BED NETS",CHILD-MORTALITY,DAR-ES-SALAAM,"DRIED BLOOD SPOTS",LIGHT-TRAP,PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA,PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM,TANZANIA,"WE	None	None
None	None	Evaluation of the long-lasting insecticidal net Interceptor LN: Laboratory and experimental hut studies against anopheline and culicine mosquitoes in northeastern Tanzania	Malima R., Tungu P.K., Mwingira V., Maxwell C., Magesa S.M., Kaur H., Kirby M.J., Rowland M.	2013	Parasites and Vectors	6	1	10.1186/1756-3305-6-296	Amani Medical Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, P.O. Box 81, Muheza, Tanzania; Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, WC1E 7HT London, United Kingdom	Malima, R., Amani Medical Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, P.O. Box 81, Muheza, Tanzania; Tungu, P.K., Amani Medical Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, P.O. Box 81, Muheza, Tanzania; Mwingira, V., Amani Medical Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, P.O. Box 81, Muheza, Tanzania; Maxwell, C., Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, WC1E 7HT London, United Kingdom; Magesa, S.M., Amani Medical Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, P.O. Box 81, Muheza, Tanzania; Kaur, H., Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, WC1E 7HT London, United Kingdom; Kirby, M.J., Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, WC1E 7HT London, United Kingdom; Rowland, M., Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, WC1E 7HT London, United Kingdom	Background: Long lasting insecticidal nets (LN) are a primary method of malaria prevention. Before new types of LN are approved they need to meet quality and efficacy standards set by the WHO Pesticide Evaluation Scheme. The process of evaluation has three phases. In Phase I the candidate LN must meet threshold bioassay criteria after 20 standardized washes. In Phase II washed and unwashed LNs are evaluated in experimental huts against wild, free flying anopheline mosquitoes. In Phase III the LN are distributed to households in malaria endemic areas, sampled over three years of use and tested for continuing insecticidal efficacy. Interceptor® LN (BASF Corporation, Germany) is made of polyester netting coated with a wash resistant formulation of alpha-cypermethrin. Methods. Interceptor LN was subjected to bioassay evaluation and then to experimental hut trial against pyrethroid-susceptible Anopheles gambiae and An. funestus and resistant Culex quinquefasciatus. Mosquito mortality, blood feeding inhibition and personal protection were compared between untreated nets, conventional alpha-cypermethrin treated nets (CTN) washed 20 times and LNs washed 0, 20 and 30 times. Results: In Phase I Interceptor LN demonstrated superior wash resistance and efficacy to the CTN. In the Phase II hut trial the LN killed 92% of female An. gambiae when unwashed and 76% when washed 20 times; the CTN washed 20 times killed 44%. The LN out-performed the CTN in personal protection and blood-feeding inhibition. The trend for An. funestus was similar to An. gambiae for all outcomes. Few pyrethroid-resistant Cx. quinquefasciatus were killed and yet the level of personal protection (75-90%) against Culex was similar to that of susceptible An. gambiae (76-80%) even after 20 washes. This protection is relevant because Cx. quinquefasciatus is a vector of lymphatic filariasis in East Africa. After 20 washes and 60 nights' use the LN retained 27% of its initial insecticide dose. Conclusions: Interceptor LN meets the approval criteria set by WHO and is recommended for use in disease control against East African vectors of malaria and filariasis. Some constraints associated with the phase II evaluation criteria, in particular the washing procedure, are critically reviewed. © 2013 Malima et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Anopheles funestus; Anopheles gambiae; Culex quinquefasciatus; Experimental hut; Interceptor LN; LN; Long-lasting insecticidal net	cipermethrin; Anopheles funestus; Anopheles gambiae; article; bed net; bioassay; chemical industry; clinical evaluation; controlled study; Culex quinquefasciatus; human; insecticide resistance; lymphatic filariasis; malaria; malaria control; Tanzania; Anopheles funestus; Anopheles gambiae; Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus; Animals; Anopheles; Biological Assay; Culex; Feeding Behavior; Female; Humans; Insecticide-Treated Bednets; Insecticides; Malaria; Mosquito Control; Survival Analysis; Tanzania	None
None	None	Evaluation of alternative mosquito sampling methods for malaria vectors in Lowland South - East Zambia	Sikaala C.H., Killeen G.F., Chanda J., Chinula D., Miller J.M., Russell T.L., Seyoum A.	2013	Parasites and Vectors	6	1	10.1186/1756-3305-6-91	National Malaria Control Centre, Chainama Hospital College Grounds, Off Great East road, Lusaka, Zambia; Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom; Ifakara Health Institute, Biomedical and Environmental Thematic Group, P.O. Box 53, Ifakara, Morogoro, Tanzania; Malaria Control, Evaluation and Partnership in Africa (MACEPA), Chainama Hospital College Grounds, Off Great East road, Lusaka, Zambia; James Cook University, School of Public Health, Tropical Medicine and Rehabilitation Sciences, Cairns, 4870, Australia	Sikaala, C.H., National Malaria Control Centre, Chainama Hospital College Grounds, Off Great East road, Lusaka, Zambia, Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom; Killeen, G.F., Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom, Ifakara Health Institute, Biomedical and Environmental Thematic Group, P.O. Box 53, Ifakara, Morogoro, Tanzania; Chanda, J., National Malaria Control Centre, Chainama Hospital College Grounds, Off Great East road, Lusaka, Zambia; Chinula, D., National Malaria Control Centre, Chainama Hospital College Grounds, Off Great East road, Lusaka, Zambia; Miller, J.M., Malaria Control, Evaluation and Partnership in Africa (MACEPA), Chainama Hospital College Grounds, Off Great East road, Lusaka, Zambia; Russell, T.L., Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom, Ifakara Health Institute, Biomedical and Environmental Thematic Group, P.O. Box 53, Ifakara, Morogoro, Tanzania, James Cook University, School of Public Health, Tropical Medicine and Rehabilitation Sciences, Cairns, 4870, Australia; Seyoum, A., Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom	Background: Sampling malaria vectors and measuring their biting density is of paramount importance for entomological surveys of malaria transmission. Human landing catch (HLC) has been traditionally regarded as a gold standard method for surveying human exposure to mosquito bites. However, due to the risk of human participant exposure to mosquito-borne parasites and viruses, a variety of alternative, exposure-free trapping methods were compared in lowland, south-east Zambia. Methods. Centres for Disease Control and Prevention miniature light trap (CDC-LT), Ifakara Tent Trap model C (ITT-C), resting boxes (RB) and window exit traps (WET) were all compared with HLC using a 3 × 3 Latin Squares design replicated in 4 blocks of 3 houses with long lasting insecticidal nets, half of which were also sprayed with a residual deltamethrin formulation, which was repeated for 10 rounds of 3 nights of rotation each during both the dry and wet seasons. Results: The mean catches of HLC indoor, HLC outdoor, CDC-LT, ITT-C, WET, RB indoor and RB outdoor, were 1.687, 1.004, 3.267, 0.088, 0.004, 0.000 and 0.008 for Anopheles quadriannulatus Theobald respectively, and 7.287, 6.784, 10.958, 5.875, 0.296, 0.158 and 0.458, for An. funestus Giles, respectively. Indoor CDC-LT was more efficient in sampling An. quadriannulatus and An. funestus than HLC indoor (Relative rate [95% Confidence Interval] = 1.873 [1.653, 2.122] and 1.532 [1.441, 1.628], respectively, P < 0.001 for both). ITT-C was the only other alternative which had comparable sensitivity (RR = 0.821 [0.765, 0.881], P < 0.001), relative to HLC indoor other than CDC-LT for sampling An. funestus. Conclusions: While the two most sensitive exposure-free techniques primarily capture host-seeking mosquitoes, both have substantial disadvantages for routine community-based surveillance applications: the CDC-LT requires regular recharging of batteries while the bulkiness of ITT-C makes it difficult to move between sampling locations. RB placed indoors or outdoors and WET had consistently poor sensitivity so it may be useful to evaluate additional alternative methods, such as pyrethrum spray catches and back packer aspirators, for catching resting mosquitoes. © 2013 Sikaala et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Anopheles funestus; Anopheles quadriannulatus; Ifakara Tent Trap; Sampling; Sensitivity	deltamethrin; analytic method; Anopheles; Anopheles funestus; Anopheles quadriannulatus; article; bed net; centres for disease control and prevention miniature light trap; host; human landing catch; ifakara tent trap model c; malaria; mosquito; nonhuman; protective equipment; pyrethrum; resting boxes; season; sensitivity analysis; window exit trap; Zambia; Animals; Anopheles; Disease Vectors; Entomology; Female; Male; Parasitology; Plasmodium; Zambia; Anopheles funestus; Anopheles quadriannulatus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84931260920	Evaluation of the toxicity and repellence of an organic fatty acids mixture (C8910) against insecticide susceptible and resistant strains of the major malaria vector Anopheles funestus Giles (Diptera: Culicidae)	Samuel M., Oliver S.V., Wood O.R., Coetzee M., Brooke B.D.	2015	Parasites and Vectors	8	1	10.1186/s13071-015-0930-2	Wits Research Institute for Malaria, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Centre for Opportunistic, Tropical and Hospital Infections, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa	Samuel, M., Wits Research Institute for Malaria, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Centre for Opportunistic, Tropical and Hospital Infections, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa; Oliver, S.V., Wits Research Institute for Malaria, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Centre for Opportunistic, Tropical and Hospital Infections, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa; Wood, O.R., Wits Research Institute for Malaria, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Centre for Opportunistic, Tropical and Hospital Infections, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa; Coetzee, M., Wits Research Institute for Malaria, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Centre for Opportunistic, Tropical and Hospital Infections, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa; Brooke, B.D., Wits Research Institute for Malaria, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Centre for Opportunistic, Tropical and Hospital Infections, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa	Background: Malaria vector control relies principally on the use of insecticides, especially pyrethroids. Because of the increasing occurrence of insecticide resistance in target vector populations, the development of new insecticides, particularly those with novel modes of action, is particularly important, especially in terms of managing insecticide resistance. The C8910 formulation is a patented mixture of compounds comprising straight-chain octanoic, nonanoic and decanoic saturated fatty acids. This compound has demonstrated toxic and repellent effects against several arthropod species. The aims of this study were to measure the insecticidal effects of C8910 against an insecticide susceptible (FANG) and a pyrethroid resistant (FUMOZ-R) laboratory strain of An. funestus as well as against wild-caught An. funestus material from Zambia (ZamF), and to investigate the repellent effects of two formulations of C8910 against these strains. Methods: Toxicity against adult females was assessed using a range of concentrations based on the CDC bottle bioassay method and repellence of three different C8910 formulations was assessed using standard choice-chamber bioassays. Results: C8910 proved equally toxic to adult females of the FUMOZ-R and FANG laboratory strains, as well as to adult females of the wild-caught (ZamF) sample. None of the C8910 formulations tested gave any conclusive indication of repellence against any of the strains. Conclusion: C8910 is equally effective as an adulticide against pyrethroid resistant and insecticide susceptible An. funestus. However, the formulations tested did not show any consistent repellence against laboratory reared and wild-caught female samples of this species. Nevertheless, C8910 shows potential as an adulticide that can be used for malaria vector control, particularly in those instances where insecticide resistance management is required. © 2015 Samuel et al.	Anopheles funestus; C8910 repellence; C8910 toxicity; malaria vector control	c 8910; decanoic acid; insect repellent; insecticide; nonanoic acid; octanoic acid; pyrethroid; saturated fatty acid; unclassified drug; adult; animal experiment; Anopheles funestus; Article; bioassay; chemical composition; controlled study; evaluation study; female; geographic origin; insecticidal activity; insecticide resistance; malaria control; nonhuman; parasite vector; strain difference; toxicity testing; vector control; wild type; Anopheles funestus; Arthropoda; Culicidae; Diptera	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-72349091458	Evaluation of the pyrrole insecticide chlorfenapyr against pyrethroid resistant and susceptible Anopheles funestus (Diptera: Culicidae)	Oliver S.V., Kaiser M.L., Wood O.R., Coetzee M., Rowland M., Brooke B.D.	2010	Tropical Medicine and International Health	15	1	10.1111/j.1365-3156.2009.02416.x	Vector Control Reference Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, NHLS, Private Bag X4, Sandringham 2131, South Africa; Malaria Entomology Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; NRF Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom	Oliver, S.V., Vector Control Reference Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, NHLS, Private Bag X4, Sandringham 2131, South Africa, Malaria Entomology Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Kaiser, M.L., Vector Control Reference Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, NHLS, Private Bag X4, Sandringham 2131, South Africa, Malaria Entomology Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Wood, O.R., Vector Control Reference Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, NHLS, Private Bag X4, Sandringham 2131, South Africa, Malaria Entomology Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Coetzee, M., Vector Control Reference Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, NHLS, Private Bag X4, Sandringham 2131, South Africa, Malaria Entomology Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, NRF Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Rowland, M., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Brooke, B.D., Vector Control Reference Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, NHLS, Private Bag X4, Sandringham 2131, South Africa, Malaria Entomology Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Objective To evaluate the pyrrole insecticide chlorfenapyr, which has a novel non-neurotoxic mode of action and is a promising alternative to conventional adulticides, against Anopheles funestus. Method The toxicity of a range of concentrations of chlorfenapyr against pyrethroid resistant and susceptible laboratory reared southern African An. funestus was assessed using standard WHO protocols and analysed using probit analysis. Results The pyrethroid resistant strain showed consistently higher LD50 and LD95 values compared to the susceptible strain, but these differences were not statistically significant and the magnitude was twofold at most. The LD50 values recorded for An. funestus are approximately three-fold higher than those reported elsewhere for other species of anopheline. Conclusions Monooxygenase based pyrethroid resistance in An. funestus does not influence the toxic effect of chlorfenapyr. It is unlikely that such a small decrease in susceptibility of An. funestus to chlorfenapyr relative to other anophelines would have any operational implications. Chlorfenapyr is an important addition to insecticides available for malaria vector control, and could be used as a resistance management tool to either circumvent or slow the development of resistance. © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.	Anopheles funestus; Chlorfenapyr; Malaria control; Pyrethroid resistance	insecticide; pyrethroid; pyrrole derivative; unspecific monooxygenase; chemical control; disease control; disease vector; enzyme activity; insecticide; malaria; mosquito; pesticide resistance; resistance management; toxicity; World Health Organization; Anopheles; anopheles funestus; article; controlled study; genetic strain; insecticidal activity; insecticide resistance; LD 50; malaria; malaria control; nonhuman; resistance management; South Africa; toxicity; vector control; world health organization; Animals; Anopheles; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Insect Vectors; Insecticide Resistance; Insecticides; Lethal Dose 50; Pyrethrins; Survival Analysis; Africa; Anopheles funestus; Culicidae; Diptera	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33845263248	Impact of the rift valley on restriction fragment length polymorphism typing of the major African malaria vector Anopheles funestus (Diptera: Culicidae)	Koekemoer L.L., Kamau L., Garros C., Manguin S., Hunt R.H., Coetzee M.	2006	Journal of Medical Entomology	43	6	10.1603/0022-2585(2006)43[1178:IOTRVO]2.0.CO;2	Vector Control Reference Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Private bag X 4, Sandringham, 2131, South Africa; Division of Virology and Communicable Disease Surveillance, School of Pathology of the National Health Laboratory Service, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 54840, Nairobi 00200, Kenya; Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement (IRD), UMR Centre de Biologie et de Gestion des Populations, Montpellier, France; School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Private bag X 3, Wits 2080, South Africa	Koekemoer, L.L., Vector Control Reference Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Private bag X 4, Sandringham, 2131, South Africa, Division of Virology and Communicable Disease Surveillance, School of Pathology of the National Health Laboratory Service, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Kamau, L., Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 54840, Nairobi 00200, Kenya; Garros, C., Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement (IRD), UMR Centre de Biologie et de Gestion des Populations, Montpellier, France; Manguin, S., Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement (IRD), UMR Centre de Biologie et de Gestion des Populations, Montpellier, France; Hunt, R.H., School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Private bag X 3, Wits 2080, South Africa; Coetzee, M., Vector Control Reference Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Private bag X 4, Sandringham, 2131, South Africa, Division of Virology and Communicable Disease Surveillance, School of Pathology of the National Health Laboratory Service, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Anopheles funestus Giles (Diptera: Culicidae) is one of Africa's major malaria vectors. To understand population structure within An. funestus, various molecular markers have recently been developed. We investigated the impact of the Rift Valley on one such molecular marker, a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). This system distinguishes An. funestus populations into types M, W, and MW. Generally, these types correlate between geographical location and RFLP type, whereby M associates essentially with eastern Africa, W with western and central Africa, and MW with southern Africa. In total, 606 specimens were screened from 12 countries. Specimens from southern African localities were of the expected MW-type with the exception of the sample from Malawi, which showed all three types. The specimens from Tanzania showed the M- and MW-types, whereas specimens from Kenya showed M- and W-types. We also recorded different RFLP types not recorded previously. Type Y was recorded in Malawi, and Z-type was recorded from four localities: Angola, Malawi, Ghana, and Zambia. © 2006 Entomological Society of America.	Anopheles funestus; Malaria; Population structure; Restriction fragment length polymorphism types	Africa; animal; Anopheles; article; classification; comparative study; demography; disease carrier; DNA sequence; genetics; geography; molecular genetics; nucleotide sequence; parasitology; Plasmodium; population genetics; restriction fragment length polymorphism; Africa, Eastern; Animals; Anopheles; Base Sequence; Demography; Genetics, Population; Geography; Insect Vectors; Molecular Sequence Data; Plasmodium; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Anopheles funestus; Culicidae; Diptera	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84959234942	Malaria control at a gold mine in Sadiola District, Mali, and impact on transmission over 10 years	Wragge S.-E., Toure D., Coetzee M., Gilbert A., Christian R., Segoea G., Hunt R.H., Coetzee M.	2015	Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene	109	12	10.1093/trstmh/trv089	SEMOS Gold Mine, Health Department, Sadiola, Hamdallaye ACI 2000 pres' des Assurance LAFIA, B.P.E-1194, Bamako, Mali; Wits Research Institute for Malaria, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Avenue, Johannesburg, South Africa; Centre for Opportunistic, Tropical and Hospital Infections, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Private Bag X4, Sandringham, South Africa	Wragge, S.-E., SEMOS Gold Mine, Health Department, Sadiola, Hamdallaye ACI 2000 pres' des Assurance LAFIA, B.P.E-1194, Bamako, Mali; Toure, D., SEMOS Gold Mine, Health Department, Sadiola, Hamdallaye ACI 2000 pres' des Assurance LAFIA, B.P.E-1194, Bamako, Mali; Coetzee, M., SEMOS Gold Mine, Health Department, Sadiola, Hamdallaye ACI 2000 pres' des Assurance LAFIA, B.P.E-1194, Bamako, Mali; Gilbert, A., Wits Research Institute for Malaria, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Avenue, Johannesburg, South Africa, Centre for Opportunistic, Tropical and Hospital Infections, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Private Bag X4, Sandringham, South Africa; Christian, R., Wits Research Institute for Malaria, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Avenue, Johannesburg, South Africa, Centre for Opportunistic, Tropical and Hospital Infections, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Private Bag X4, Sandringham, South Africa; Segoea, G., Wits Research Institute for Malaria, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Avenue, Johannesburg, South Africa, Centre for Opportunistic, Tropical and Hospital Infections, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Private Bag X4, Sandringham, South Africa; Hunt, R.H., Wits Research Institute for Malaria, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Avenue, Johannesburg, South Africa, Centre for Opportunistic, Tropical and Hospital Infections, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Private Bag X4, Sandringham, South Africa; Coetzee, M., Wits Research Institute for Malaria, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Avenue, Johannesburg, South Africa, Centre for Opportunistic, Tropical and Hospital Infections, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Private Bag X4, Sandringham, South Africa	Background: The SEMOS gold mine's malaria vector control programme forms part of the company's community responsibilities with the programme being managed by the mine's health department since 2005. Methods: Data from approximately 10 years of malaria vector control for the Sadiola District are given: namely malaria vector control methods used by the control programme, positive malaria case data and entomological surveys from 2006, 2011 and 2014. Results: Distribution of pyrethroid-treated bed nets and indoor residual spraying (IRS) with deltamethrin were implemented by the programme from 2005-2011. No IRS was done in 2012. Spraying with the organophosphate, pirimiphos-methyl resumed in 2013 and 2014 and was followed by a 70% drop in malaria cases in 2014. Anopheles arabiensis was the major vector present in 2006 and was susceptible to deltamethrin. In 2011 and 2014, An. gambiae s.s. was the most abundant vector with deltamethrin 24 h mortality of 68% and 19%, respectively. Conclusions: Resistance to the pyrethroid deltamethrin has increased in An. gambiae s.s. since 2011, possibly due to the scale-up in distribution of long-lasting insecticide-treated bed nets. Resistance management strategies are recommended using different classes of insecticides for IRS, and including the distribution of new-generation bed nets. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. All rights reserved.	Anopheles gambiae complex; Insecticide resistance; Malaria transmission; Mali; Vector control	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84903723679	Impact of PermaNet 3.0 on entomological indices in an area of pyrethroid resistant Anopheles gambiae in south-western Nigeria	Awolola S.T., Adeogun A.O., Olojede J.B., Oduola A.O., Oyewole I.O., Amajoh C.N.	2014	Parasites and Vectors	7	1	10.1186/1756-3305-7-236	Molecular Entomology and Vector Control Research Laboratory, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, PMB 2013 Yaba Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Zoology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria;	Awolola, S.T., Molecular Entomology and Vector Control Research Laboratory, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, PMB 2013 Yaba Lagos, Nigeria; Adeogun, A.O., Molecular Entomology and Vector Control Research Laboratory, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, PMB 2013 Yaba Lagos, Nigeria, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Olojede, J.B., Molecular Entomology and Vector Control Research Laboratory, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, PMB 2013 Yaba Lagos, Nigeria; Oduola, A.O., Department of Zoology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Oyewole, I.O., Department of Biological Sciences, Babcock University, Ilishan Remo, Nigeria; Amajoh, C.N., National Malaria Control Program, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria	Background: PermaNet® 3.0 is an insecticide synergist-combination long-lasting insecticidal net designed to have increased efficacy against malaria vectors with metabolic resistance, even when combined with kdr. The current study reports on the impact of this improved tool on entomological indices in an area with pyrethroid-resistant malaria vectors in Nigeria. Methods. Baseline entomological indices across eight villages in Remo North LGA of Ogun State provided the basis for selection of three villages (Ilara, Irolu and Ijesa) for comparing the efficacy of PermaNet® 3.0 (PN3.0), PermaNet® 2.0 (PN2.0) and untreated polyester nets as a control (UTC). In each case, nets were distributed to cover all sleeping spaces and were evaluated for insecticidal activity on a 3-monthly basis. Collection of mosquitoes was conducted monthly via window traps and indoor resting catches. The arithmetic means of mosquito catches per house, entomological inoculation rates before and during the intervention were compared as well as three other outcome parameters: the mean mosquito blood feeding rate, mean mortality and mean parity rates. Results: Anopheles gambiae s.l. was the main malaria vector in the three villages, accounting for &gt;98% of the Anopheles population and found in appreciable numbers for 6-7 months. Deltamethrin, permethrin and lambdacyhalothrin resistance were confirmed at Ilara, Irolu and Ijesa. The kdr mutation was the sole resistance mechanism at Ilara, whereas kdr plus P450-based metabolic mechanisms were detected at Irolu and Ijesa. Bioassays repeated on domestically used PN 2.0 and PN 3.0 showed persistent optimal (100%) bio-efficacy for both net types after the 3rd, 6th, 9 th and 12th month following net distribution. The use of PN 3.0 significantly reduced mosquito densities with a 'mass killing' effect inside houses. Households with PN 3.0 also showed reduced blood feeding as well as lower mosquito parity and sporozoite rates compared to the PN 2.0 and the UTC villages. A significant reduction in the entomological inoculation rate was detected in both the PN 2.0 village (75%) and PN 3.0 village (97%) post LLIN-distribution and not in the UTC village. Conclusion: The study confirms the efficacy of PN 3.0 in reducing malaria transmission compared to pyrethroid-only LLINs in the presence of malaria vectors with P450-based metabolic- resistance mechanisms. © 2014 Awolola et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Anopheles gambiae; PermaNet 3.0; Pyrethroid resistance	cyhalothrin; cytochrome P450; deltamethrin; permethrin; polyester; pyrethroid; vasculotropin receptor 2; insect protein; insecticide; pyrethroid; adult; Anopheles arabiensis; Anopheles funestus; Anopheles gambiae; anopheles nili; arithmetic; article; bed net; bioassay; blood; blood feeding; comparative effectiveness; controlled study; density; feeding; gene; gene mutation; household; human; inoculation; insecticidal activity; insecticide resistance; kdr gene; malaria; mortality; multicenter study; Nigeria; nonhuman; parity; Plasmodium falciparum; randomized controlled trial; reduction; sleep; space; sporozoite; vector control; animal; Anopheles gambiae; disease carrier; drug effects; family size; feeding behavior; gene expression regulation; genetics; information processing; malaria; metabolism; mutation; population density; questionnaire; time; Anopheles gambiae; Animals; Anopheles gambiae; Data Collection; Family Characteristics; Feeding Behavior; Gene Expression Regulation; Insect Proteins; Insect Vectors; Insecticide Resistance; Insecticide-Treated Bednets; Insecticides; Malaria; Mutation; Nigeria; Population Density; Pyrethrins; Questionnaires; Time Factors	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84909979890	Ecological succession and its impact on malaria vectors and their predators in borrow pits in western Ethiopia	Kiszewski A.E., Teffera Z., Wondafrash M., Ravesi M., Pollack R.J.	2014	Journal of Vector Ecology	39	2	10.3376/i1081-1710-39-414	Department of Natural and Applied Sciences, Bentley University, Waltham, MA, United States; School of Graduate Studies, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University, Fort Wayne, IN, United States; Department of Environmental Health and Safety, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States	Kiszewski, A.E., Department of Natural and Applied Sciences, Bentley University, Waltham, MA, United States; Teffera, Z., School of Graduate Studies, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Wondafrash, M., Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Ravesi, M., Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University, Fort Wayne, IN, United States; Pollack, R.J., Department of Environmental Health and Safety, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States	Soil pits excavated for home construction are important larval habitats for malaria vectors in certain parts of Africa. Borrow pits in diverse stages of ecological succession in a maize-farming region of Western Ethiopia were surveyed to assess the relationships between stage of succession and the structure and composition of invertebrate and plant communities, with particular attention to Anopheles gambiae s.l. and An. coustani, the primary local malaria vectors. An array of 82 borrow pits was identified in a multi-lobed drainage basin in the community of Woktola. Each pit was evaluated on its physical features and by faunal and floral surveys during August, 2011, at the height of the longer rainy season (kiremt). Anopheles gambiae s.l. and An. coustani were the sole immature anophelines collected, often coexisting with Culex spp. Sedges were the most common plants within these pits, and included Cyperus elegantulus, C. flavescens, C. erectus and C. assimilis. The legume Smithia abyssinica, Nile grass (Acroceras macrum), cutgrass (Leersia hexandra), clover (Trifolium spp.), and the edible herb Centella asiatica, were also common in these habitats. No plant species in particular was strongly and consistently predictive of the presence or absence of mosquito immatures, particularly with regard to An. coustani. The presence of An.gambiae s.l. immatures in borrow pit habitats was negatively correlated with the presence of backswimmers (Notonectidae) (Z = -2.34, P = 0.019). Young (freshly excavated) borrow pits more likely contained immature An. gambiae s.l. (Z =-2.86, P=0.004). Ecological succession was apparent in older pits, and as they aged, they became less likely to serve as habitats for An. gambiae s.l. (Z=0.26, P=0.796), and more likely to support An. coustani (Z=0.728, P=0.007). As borrow pits age they become less suitable for An. gambiae s.l. breeding and more likely to harbor An. coustani. The abundance of notonectids in habitats was a negative indicator for An. gambiae s.l. abundance. Plant species are not reliable indicators for the presence or absence of malaria vectors in borrow pits. © 2014.	Anopheles gambiae s.l.; Borrow pits; Community ecology; Habitat; Mosquito; Predators	Anopheles gambiae	None
None	None	The impact of different sprayable surfaces on the effectiveness of indoor residual spraying using a micro encapsulated formulation of lambda-cyhalothrin against Anopheles gambiae s.s.	Mutagahywa J., Ijumba J.N., Pratap H.B., Molteni F., Mugarula F.E., Magesa S.M., Ramsan M.M., Kafuko J.M., Nyanza E.C., Mwaipape O., Rutta J.G., Mwalimu C.D., Ndong I., Reithinger R., Thawer N.G., Ngondi J.M.	2015	Parasites and Vectors	8	1	10.1186/s13071-015-0795-4	RTI International, Dar es salaam, Tanzania; Department of Zoology and Wildlife Conservation College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Dar Es Salaam, Dar es salaam, Tanzania; Nelson Mandela African Institute of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Dar es salaam, Tanzania; National Malaria Control Program, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Dar es salaam, Tanzania; Sengerema Health Institute, Sengerema, Tanzania; United States Agency for International Development, Abuja, Nigeria; School of Public Health, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania; RTI InternationalNC, United States; RTI International, Washington, DC, United States	Mutagahywa, J., RTI International, Dar es salaam, Tanzania, Department of Zoology and Wildlife Conservation College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Dar Es Salaam, Dar es salaam, Tanzania; Ijumba, J.N., Nelson Mandela African Institute of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania; Pratap, H.B., Department of Zoology and Wildlife Conservation College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Dar Es Salaam, Dar es salaam, Tanzania; Molteni, F., Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Dar es salaam, Tanzania, National Malaria Control Program, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Dar es salaam, Tanzania; Mugarula, F.E., Sengerema Health Institute, Sengerema, Tanzania; Magesa, S.M., RTI International, Dar es salaam, Tanzania; Ramsan, M.M., RTI International, Dar es salaam, Tanzania; Kafuko, J.M., United States Agency for International Development, Abuja, Nigeria; Nyanza, E.C., School of Public Health, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania; Mwaipape, O., RTI International, Dar es salaam, Tanzania; Rutta, J.G., RTI International, Dar es salaam, Tanzania; Mwalimu, C.D., National Malaria Control Program, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Dar es salaam, Tanzania; Ndong, I., RTI InternationalNC, United States; Reithinger, R., RTI International, Washington, DC, United States; Thawer, N.G., RTI International, Dar es salaam, Tanzania; Ngondi, J.M., RTI International, Dar es salaam, Tanzania	Background: The type of sprayable surface impacts on residual efficacy of insecticide used in indoor residual spraying (IRS). However, there is limited data on common types of wall surfaces sprayed in Zanzibar and mainland Tanzania where IRS began in 2006 and 2007 respectively. The study investigated residual efficacy of micro-encapsulated lambda-cyhalothrin sprayed on common surfaces of human dwellings and domestic animal shelters in Zanzibar and mainland Tanzania. Methods: An experimental hut was constructed with different types of materials simulating common sprayable surfaces in Zanzibar and mainland Tanzania. Surfaces included cement plastered wall, mud-daub, white-wash, wood, palm-thatch, galvanized iron-sheets, burnt-bricks, limestone and oil-paint. The World Health Organization (WHO) procedure for IRS was used to spray lambda-cyhalothrin on surfaces at the dose of 20-25 mg/m2. Residual efficacy of insecticide was monitored through cone bioassay using laboratory-reared mosquitoes; Kisumu strain (R-70) of Anopheles gambiae ss. Cone bioassay was done every fortnight for a period of 152 days. The WHO Pesticide Evaluation Scheme (WHOPES) threshold (80% mortality) was used as cut-off point for acceptable residual efficacy. Results: A total of 5,800 mosquitoes were subjected to contact cone bioassay to test residual efficacy of lambda-cyhalothrin. There was a statistically significant variation in residual efficacy between the different types of wall surfaces (r =-0.24; p < 0.001). Residual efficacy decreased with increasing pH of the substrate (r =-0.5; p < 0.001). Based on WHOPES standards, shorter residual efficacy (42-56 days) was found in wall substrates made of cement, limestone, mud-daub, oil paint and white wash. Burnt bricks retained the residual efficacy up to 134 days while galvanized iron sheets, palm thatch and wood retained the recommended residual efficacy beyond 152 days. Conclusion: The study revealed a wide variation in residual efficacy of micro encapsulated formulation of lambda-cyhalothrin across the different types of wall surfaces studied. In areas where malaria transmission is bimodal and wall surfaces with short residual efficacy comprise > 20% of sprayable structures, two rounds of IRS using lambda-cyhalothrin should be considered. Further studies are required to investigate the impact of sprayable surfaces on residual efficacy of other insecticides commonly used for IRS in Zanzibar and mainland Tanzania. © 2015 Mutagahywa et al.; licensee BioMed Central.	Anopheles gambiae ss; Indoor residual spraying; Lambda-cyhalothrin; Mainland Tanzania; Wall surfaces; Zanzibar	cyhalothrin; Anopheles gambiae; Article; bioassay; building material; concentration (parameters); cone bioassay; controlled study; female; indoor residual spraying; microencapsulation; nonhuman; pH; surface property; Tanzania; Animalia; Anopheles gambiae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-52749095519	Operational impact of DDT reintroduction for malaria control on Anopheles arabiensis in Mozambique	Coleman M., Casimiro S., Hemingway J., Sharp B.	2008	Journal of Medical Entomology	45	5	10.1603/0022-2585(2008)45[885:OIODRF]2.0.CO;2	Malaria Research Programme, Medical Research Council, Ridge Rd., Durban, South Africa; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom; National Institute of Health, Av. Eduardo Mondlane/Salvador Allende, Maputo, Mozambique	Coleman, M., Malaria Research Programme, Medical Research Council, Ridge Rd., Durban, South Africa, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom; Casimiro, S., National Institute of Health, Av. Eduardo Mondlane/Salvador Allende, Maputo, Mozambique; Hemingway, J., Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom; Sharp, B., Malaria Research Programme, Medical Research Council, Ridge Rd., Durban, South Africa	With the increase in indoor residual spraying in many internationally and nationally funded malaria control programs, and affirmation by World Health Organization (WHO) that DDT is appropriate for use in the absence of longer lasting insecticide formulations in some malaria endemic settings, DDT has been reintroduced as a major malaria control intervention in Africa. Indoor residual spraying with DDT was reintroduced into Mozambique for malaria control in 2005, and it is increasingly becoming the main insecticide used for malaria vector control in Mozambique. The selection of DDT in Mozambique is evidence-based, taking account of the susceptibility of Anopheles arabiensis (Patton) and Anopheles gambiae (Giles) s.s. to all the available insecticide choices, as well as relative costs of the insecticide and the logistical costs of spraying. Before this time in Mozambique, DDT was replaced by λ-cyhalothrin in 1993. Resistance occurred quickly to this insecticide, and in 2000 the pyrethroid was phased out and the carbamate bendiocarb was introduced. Low-level resistance was detected by biochemical assay to bendiocarb in 1999 in both Anopheles funestus (Giles) and An. arabiensis, although this was not evident in WHO bioassays of the same population. In the 2000-2006 surveys the levels of bendiocarb resistance had been selected to a higher level in An. arabiensis, with resistance detectable by both biochemical and WHO bioassay. The insecticide resistance monitoring program includes assessment of field populations by standard WHO insecticide susceptibility assays and biochemical assays. Monitoring was established in 1999, and it was maintained as part of an operational monitoring and evaluation program thereafter. © 2008 Entomological Society of America.	Anopheles; Insecticide resistance; Management; Mozambique	chlorphenotane; insecticide; animal; Anopheles; article; disease carrier; drug effect; female; housing; infection control; insecticide resistance; malaria; methodology; mosquito; Mozambique; Animals; Anopheles; DDT; Female; Fumigation; Housing; Insect Vectors; Insecticide Resistance; Insecticides; Malaria; Mosquito Control; Mozambique; Anopheles arabiensis; Anopheles funestus; Anopheles gambiae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33845395990	Impact of urbanisation on bionomics and distribution of malaria vectors in Lagos, southwestern Nigeria	Oyewole I.O., Awolola T.S.	2006	Journal of Vector Borne Diseases	43	4	None	Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Babcock University, Ilisan Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria; Public Health Division, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria	Oyewole, I.O., Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Babcock University, Ilisan Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria; Awolola, T.S., Public Health Division, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria	Background &amp; objectives: The patterns of annual, rainfall as well as average daily temperature have not changed drastically in the study area since 1960 when detailed baseline entomological surveys were carried out. However, the increase in human population from 1.2 to 10 million has resulted in both expansion of land and tremendous ecological and environmental change. This has led to drastic changes in vectors' densities as well as species' composition while the preferred larval habitat of malaria vectors has shifted to water reservoirs. A longitudinal study was carried out to investigate the impact of urbanisation on bionomics and distribution of malaria vectors in Lagos, a mega city in Nigeria. Methods: Mosquitoes were collected indoors and outdoors using WHO standard techniques in the selected areas between January and December 2000. Specimens were identified using the morphological keys and PCR assays. ELISA tests were used for Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite infection. Results: The Anopheles gambiae species-specific PCR identified 56% (435/777) of the An. gambiae s.l. as An. gambiae s.s. and 44% (342/777) as An. arabiensis. The molecular M and S forms represented 35.3 and 64.7% of the An. gambiae s.s. population, respectively. The An. funestus species-specific PCR identified 60% (239/401) of the An. funestus group as An. funestus s.s. and 40% (162/401) as An. rivulorum. The biting activity of An. funestus s.s. both indoors and outdoors attained a peak at 0200 and 2200 hrs, respectively, with a significant increase in the "pre-bed time" collections indoors (χ2 = 6.15, df = 1, p &lt; 0.05) and outdoors (χ2 = 6.28, df = 1, p &lt; 0.05). The overall outdoor collection was significantly higher (χ2 = 28.23, df =3, p &lt; 0.05) than that recorded indoors. The overall sporozoite rates for An. gambiae s.s., An. arabiensis and An. funestus were significantly different in both localities (χ2 = 0.58, df = 2, p &lt; 0.01). Infection rates in both indoor and outdoor collections were also different statistically (χ2 = 0.67, df = 2, p &lt; 0.01). Interpretation &amp; conclusion: Large number and species of anopheline mosquitoes collected in the study area may be associated with the availability of aquatic breeding sites. A phenomenon leading to an increase in man-vector contact and a high level of risk to the crowded urban population is observed.	Anopheles mosquitoes; Nigeria; Urbanisation	anopheles arabiensis; anopheles funestus; Anopheles gambiae; Anopheles rivolurum; article; climate change; controlled study; ecology; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; female; geographic distribution; infection rate; malaria; morphology; mosquito; Nigeria; nonhuman; parasite vector; Plasmodium falciparum; polymerase chain reaction; urbanization; world health organization; Animals; Anopheles; Anopheles gambiae; Disease Reservoirs; Humans; Insect Vectors; Malaria; Malaria, Falciparum; Nigeria; Species Specificity; Urbanization	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78549262653	Evaluation of larvicidal properties of the latex of Euphorbia tirucalli L. (Euphorbiaceae) against larvae of Anopheles mosquitoes	Mwine J., van Damme P., Jumba F.	2010	Journal of Medicinal Plants Research	4	19	None	Faculty of Agriculture, Uganda Martyrs University, Nkozi, P. O. Box 5498, Kampala, Uganda; Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Tropical and subtropical laboratory of Agronomy and Ethnobotany, University of Ghent, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium	Mwine, J., Faculty of Agriculture, Uganda Martyrs University, Nkozi, P. O. Box 5498, Kampala, Uganda; van Damme, P., Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Tropical and subtropical laboratory of Agronomy and Ethnobotany, University of Ghent, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Jumba, F., Faculty of Agriculture, Uganda Martyrs University, Nkozi, P. O. Box 5498, Kampala, Uganda	Malaria is the most important vector-borne disease in tropical and sub-tropical countries. Although, different control measures like use of insecticide-impregnated mosquito nets and curtains, chemotherapy and others are in place, so far, malaria eradication has proved impossible in affected areas. Therefore, any measure that attempts to fight the parasite or its vector (Anopheles spp.) would be of help. In this experiment, we assessed the efficacy of Euphorbia tirucalli latex both as a herbal mosquito remedy and larvicide against Anopheles fenestus Giles and Anopheles gambae Giles in a semi-natural environment. Our results indicate that E. tirucalli latex can bring about total mortality of Anopheles species larvae at the highest dilution used of 1: 250 in 5 days. LT 50 and LT 90 for the same dilution were attained at 12 and 36 h respectively. Latex was active only for eight days which is typical for herbal biocides, whose advantage is that they do not accumulate in the environment. It is concluded that E. tirucalli latex has a high efficacy against Anopheles mosquito larvae and could eventually be considered for adoption as a plant based mosquito larvicide, after further research. © 2010 Academic Journals.	Anopheles spp.; Efficacy; Euphorbia tirucalli; Larvicide; Latex; Malaria	antimalarial agent; Euphorbia tirucalli extract; larvicidal agent; plant extract; unclassified drug; animal experiment; Anopheles; Anopheles fenestus; Anopheles gambiae; antimalarial activity; article; controlled study; drug determination; drug efficacy; drug mechanism; Euphorbia; euphorbia tirucalli; experimental organism; larval stage; nonhuman; species difference; Anopheles (genus); Euphorbia tirucalli; Euphorbiaceae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880922843	Comparison of MR and fluoroscopic mucous fistulography in the pre-operative evaluation of infants with anorectal malformation: A pilot study	Alves J.C.G., Sidler D., Lotz J.W., Pitcher R.D.	2013	Pediatric Radiology	43	8	10.1007/s00247-013-2653-x	Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Stellenbosch University, Francie van Zyl Avenue, Parow Valley, Cape Town 7700, South Africa; Department of Surgical Sciences, Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa	Alves, J.C.G., Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Stellenbosch University, Francie van Zyl Avenue, Parow Valley, Cape Town 7700, South Africa; Sidler, D., Department of Surgical Sciences, Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; Lotz, J.W., Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Stellenbosch University, Francie van Zyl Avenue, Parow Valley, Cape Town 7700, South Africa; Pitcher, R.D., Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Stellenbosch University, Francie van Zyl Avenue, Parow Valley, Cape Town 7700, South Africa	Background: Anorectal malformations are often associated with rectal pouch fistulas. Surgical correction requires accurate evaluation of the presence and position of such fistulas. Fluoroscopy is currently the chosen modality for the detection of fistulas. The role of MRI is unexplored. Objective: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of MR versus fluoroscopic fistulography in the pre-operative evaluation of infants with anorectal malformation. Materials and methods: We conducted a pilot study of infants requiring defunctioning colostomy for initial management of anorectal malformation. Dynamic sagittal steady-state free-precession MRI of the pelvis was acquired during introduction of saline into the mucous fistulas. Findings were compared among MR fistulography, fluoroscopic fistulography and intraoperative inspection. Results: Eight children were included. Median age at fistulography was 15 weeks, inter-quartile range 13-20 weeks; all were boys. There was full agreement among MR fistulography, fluoroscopic fistulography and surgical findings. Conclusion: The pilot data suggest that MR fistulography is promising in the pre-operative evaluation of children with anorectal malformation. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Anorectal malformation; Child; Fluoroscopic fistulography; MR fistulography; Preoperative evaluation	anorectal malformation; article; clinical article; colostomy; comparative effectiveness; diagnostic accuracy; diagnostic imaging; diagnostic test accuracy study; fistulography; fluoroscopy; human; infant; intermethod comparison; male; nuclear magnetic resonance imaging; nuclear magnetic resonance scanner; pilot study; preoperative evaluation; priority journal; prospective study; urethra fistula; Anus, Imperforate; Female; Humans; Infant; Intestinal Mucosa; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Pilot Projects; Preoperative Care; Prognosis; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-58149120890	Nonfluoroscopic pressure colostography in the evaluation of genitourinary fistula of anorectal malformations: Experience in a resource-poor environment	Abdulkadir A.Y., Abdur-Rahman L.O., Adesiyun O.M.	2009	Pediatric Radiology	39	2	10.1007/s00247-008-1051-2	Department of Radiology, Teaching Hospital, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State 2340001, Nigeria; Paediatric Surgery Unit, Teaching Hospital, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria	Abdulkadir, A.Y., Department of Radiology, Teaching Hospital, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State 2340001, Nigeria; Abdur-Rahman, L.O., Paediatric Surgery Unit, Teaching Hospital, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria; Adesiyun, O.M., Department of Radiology, Teaching Hospital, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State 2340001, Nigeria	Background: Radiological imaging is paramount for defining the genitourinary fistulae commonly associated with anorectal malformations prior to definitive surgery. The imaging options are resource-limited in many parts of the world. Nonfluoroscopic pressure colostography after colostomy is a cheap method for the evaluation of anorectal malformations. Objective: To describe our experience with nonfluoroscopic pressure colostography in the evaluation of anorectal malformations in boys. Materials and methods: The study included 12 boys with anorectal malformation who had colostomy and nonfluoroscopic pressure-augmented colostography with water-soluble contrast medium between January 2006 and December 2007. Results: Patient ages ranged from 2 days to 1 year. The types of genitourinary fistula were rectovesical (7.7%) and rectourethral (92.3%). Oblique radiographs were of diagnostic value in all patients. The types of anorectal malformations were high, intermediate and low in 75%, 8.3% and 16.7%, respectively. Short-segment urethral constriction was a common feature of rectourethral fistula (75%, n=9). Conclusion: Our experience has shown that genitourinary fistulae associated with anorectal malformations can be demonstrated reliably by nonfluoroscopic pressure colostography with two oblique radiographs, providing an option in resource-poor settings where fluoroscopic equipment is scarce. © 2008 Springer-Verlag.	Anorectal malformation; Children; Colostography; Genitourinary fistula; Imperforate anus	diatrizoate; meglumine diatrizoate; anorectal malformation; article; bladder; clinical article; clinical feature; colostomy; controlled study; diagnostic imaging; genitourinary fistula; human; infant; male; newborn; nonfluoroscopic pressure colostography; priority journal; urethra stricture; urogenital tract malformation; Anal Canal; Contrast Media; Genitalia, Male; Humans; Image Enhancement; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Pressure; Rectum; Resource Allocation; Urinary Fistula; Urogenital Abnormalities	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-49649085836	Colostomy for high anorectal malformation: An evaluation of morbidity and mortality in a developing country	Chirdan L.B., Uba F.A., Ameh E.A., Mshelbwala P.M.	2008	Pediatric Surgery International	24	4	10.1007/s00383-008-2114-z	University of Jos, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Murtala Mohammed Way, Jos, Nigeria; Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria	Chirdan, L.B., University of Jos, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Murtala Mohammed Way, Jos, Nigeria; Uba, F.A., University of Jos, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Murtala Mohammed Way, Jos, Nigeria; Ameh, E.A., Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria; Mshelbwala, P.M., Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria	Colostomy is a life-saving procedure in newborns with high anorectal malformations (ARM). However, the procedure may be attended by complications, particularly in resource limited settings. This is an evaluation of the morbidity and mortality following colostomy for ARM in newborns in two paediatric teaching centres in a developing country. A retrospective review of 61 neonates who had colostomy for high ARM in 4 years is conducted. The babies were categorised into Group A (weight at presentation < 2.5 kg) and Group B (weight at presentation > 2.5 kg). There were 47 boys and 14 girls aged 18 h to 28 days (median 6 days). There were 23 babies in Group A; 18 had colostomy under local anaesthetic (LA), 5 of whom died while 5 had the procedure done under general anaesthetic (GA), 3 of whom died (mortality 8/23, 34.78%). Group B consisted of 38 babies, 18 had colostomy under GA, 3 died, while in 20 the procedure was under LA, 1 of who died (mortality 4/38, 10.5%). The difference in mortality between groups A and B was statistically insignificant (p < 0.056). There were no significant differences in outcome between the two groups when the type of anaesthesia or types of colostomy were considered. Surgical site infection was the most common 12/61, 19.7%. Of the 12 babies that died, 7 were due to overwhelming infections, 4 respiratory insufficiencies and 1 cyanotic heart disease. The overall procedure related mortality was therefore 7 (11.5%). None of the centres had adequate neonatal intensive care services during the period of this report. Morbidity and mortality following colostomy for ARM in newborns is still high in this setting, due largely to infective complications, particularly in babies < 2.5 kg. © Springer-Verlag 2008.	Anorectal malformation; Colostomy; Morbidity	anal canal; article; body weight; clinical trial; colostomy; congenital malformation; developing country; evaluation; female; human; male; methodology; mortality; multicenter study; newborn; postoperative complication; prematurity; rectum; retrospective study; survival rate; treatment outcome; Anal Canal; Body Weight; Colostomy; Developing Countries; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Male; Postoperative Complications; Rectum; Retrospective Studies; Survival Rate; Treatment Outcome	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84865525539	Land-use impacts on woody plant density and diversity in an African savanna charcoal production region	Kalema V.N., Witkowski E.T.F.	2012	International Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystems Services and Management	8	3	10.1080/21513732.2012.681070	Restoration and Conservation Biology Research Group, School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg, Wits 2050, South Africa	Kalema, V.N., Restoration and Conservation Biology Research Group, School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg, Wits 2050, South Africa; Witkowski, E.T.F., Restoration and Conservation Biology Research Group, School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg, Wits 2050, South Africa	The density and diversity of woody plant species were studied within grazing, cultivation and charcoal production land-use areas in a multiple-use savanna woodland, central Uganda, using 75 plots with an area of 0.1 ha (Whittaker plots). Plant density was significantly higher under charcoal production (7131 755 plants/ha) and cultivation (6612 665 plants/ha) compared with the grazing lands (4152 525 plants/ha). At the plot level, species richness and Fisher's alpha diversity () were relatively low, ranging 2-31 species and 0.34-6.34, respectively, but both were significantly higher under charcoal production and cultivation compared with grazing. Similarly, cumulative species richness and Fisher's alpha diversity were higher under charcoal production and cultivation compared with grazing. Community species composition differed significantly (Global R ANOSIM = 0.14, p=0.001; ANOSIM, ANalysis Of SIMilarity) among land uses. However, the distance of sampling plots away from households, the assumed source of human disturbance to woodlands, accounts for a very small fraction (<14.2%) of the variation in woody species diversity within this multiple-use savanna. Beta diversity was highest under grazing, followed by cultivation and charcoal production, suggesting a more heterogeneous spatial distribution of species under grazing. Within each land use, mean similarities were low, ranging 25-31%. Mean pairwise dissimilarities between land uses were relatively high, ranging 73-81%. This suggests that variations in species composition and diversity are to a great extent influenced by land-use and anthropogenic disturbances. The relatively low woody species diversity and richness in this savanna indicates woodland degradation, fragmentation and local species loss resulting from unsustainable harvesting for charcoal, and short interval shifting cultivation. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.	ANOSIM; anthropogenic disturbance; cultivation; grazing; land degradation; species richness; sustainable land management	anthropogenic effect; charcoal; cultivation; ecological impact; environmental disturbance; grazing; habitat fragmentation; harvesting; land degradation; land use change; plant community; shifting cultivation; spatial distribution; species diversity; species richness; sustainable development; woody plant; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883733820	The performance of children prenatally exposed to HIV on the A-not-B task in Kilifi, Kenya: A preliminary study	Abubakar A., Holding P., Van Baar A., Newton C.R.J.C., Van de Vijver F.J.R., Espy K.A.	2013	International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health	10	9	10.3390/ijerph10094132	Neuroassessment, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Box 230, Kilifi 80108, Kenya; Department of Cross-Cultural Psychology, Tilburg University, P.O. Box 90153, Tilburg 5000 LE, Netherlands; Child and Adolescent Studies, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80125, Utrecht 3508 TC, Netherlands; International Centre for Behavioral Studies, P.O. Box 34307, Mombasa 80118, Kenya; Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, United Kingdom; Department of Cross-Cultural Psychology, Tilburg University, P.O. Box 90153, Tilburg 5000 LE, Netherlands; Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, United States	Abubakar, A., Neuroassessment, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Box 230, Kilifi 80108, Kenya, Department of Cross-Cultural Psychology, Tilburg University, P.O. Box 90153, Tilburg 5000 LE, Netherlands, Child and Adolescent Studies, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80125, Utrecht 3508 TC, Netherlands; Holding, P., Neuroassessment, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Box 230, Kilifi 80108, Kenya, International Centre for Behavioral Studies, P.O. Box 34307, Mombasa 80118, Kenya; Van Baar, A., Child and Adolescent Studies, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80125, Utrecht 3508 TC, Netherlands; Newton, C.R.J.C., Neuroassessment, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Box 230, Kilifi 80108, Kenya, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, United Kingdom; Van de Vijver, F.J.R., Department of Cross-Cultural Psychology, Tilburg University, P.O. Box 90153, Tilburg 5000 LE, Netherlands; Espy, K.A., Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, United States	The aim of the study was to investigate early executive functioning in young children from 6-35 months of age. The study involved 319 randomly selected children from the community, 17 HIV exposed but uninfected children and 31 HIV infected ARV-naive children. A variation of the A-not-B task was used. While there were no group differences in total correct, perseverative errors, nor maximum error run, a significant percentage of children were unable to complete the task as a consequence of the children becoming overtly distressed or refusing to continue. In a multivariate analysis we observed that the significant predictors of non-completion were HIV exposure (both infected and exposed) and being under 24 months of age. These patterns of results indicate that future work with a broader array of tasks need to look at the association of HIV and EF tasks and potential contribution of factors such as emotion regulation, persistence and motivation on performance on EF tasks. © 2013 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.	A-not-B task; Children; Executive functions; HIV; Kenya	child development; cognition; human immunodeficiency virus; infectious disease; multivariate analysis; vertical transmission; A not B task; article; body weight; child; clinical article; community; controlled study; cross-sectional study; education; executive function; female; human; Human immunodeficiency virus; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; infant; Kenya; male; measurement error; prenatal exposure; preschool child; task performance; Coast Province; Kenya; Kilifi; Child, Preschool; Executive Function; Female; HIV; HIV Infections; Humans; Infant; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; Kenya; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Neuropsychological Tests; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84922994537	Evaluation of bio-molecular signatures and hydrocarbon potential of upper Cretaceous shale, NE Nigeria	Boboye O.A., Nzegwu U.A.	2014	Journal of African Earth Sciences	99	PA2	10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2014.04.014	Department of Geology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	Boboye, O.A., Department of Geology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Nzegwu, U.A., Department of Geology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	The Bornu Basin is a sector of the Chad Basin located in the northeastern part of Nigeria, occupying about one-tenth of total area in Chad Basin. Twenty-eight representative shale cutting samples retrieved from Tuma-1, Sa-1 and Albarka-1 exploratory wells were analyzed. Seventeen shale samples systematically selected from Gongila, Fika Shale and Chad Formations were subjected to Total Organic Content (TOC), Rock-Eval pyrolysis, Soluble Organic Matter, Liquid Chromatography, Gas Chromatography and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry analyses. This is to characterize and assess the potential capability of the shale units. The results showed that TOC of the Coniacian-Paleocene shale units exceed the threshold (0.5 wt%) needed for petroleum generation. This classifies it as potential source beds. Evidence from biomarkers indicates a preponderance of marine organic matter with subordinate terrigenous input. The quantity of gammacerane occurrence suggests normal saline environment. The presence of oleanane index indicates angiosperms input into Cretaceous-Tertiary source rock. C35/C34 homohopane ratio showed the anoxia development towards the center of the basin. C29ααα (20R)/C27ααα (20R) sterane ratio indicate the dominance of marine organic matter with subordinate terrigenous input. The 22S/(22S + 22R) ratio of C31 hopane have not reached equilibrium as evident by immaturity to early mature stages from diagnostic ratios of βα moretane/βα hopane, Ts/(Ts + Tm), 28,30-bisnorhopanes/17α-hopanes, diasteranes/ regular steranes, ααα steranes/αββ steranes and 20S/(20S + 20R) C29 regular steranes respectively. This is corroborated with the Rock-Eval indices showing immature to earlier mature kerogen within the Fika Formation. It consists preeminently of Type IV, with subordinate Type III. The prospect for hydrocarbon in this part of the basin is only fair to moderate with potential for gaseous rather than liquid hydrocarbon. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.	Anoxia; Biomarkers; Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; Kerogen; Organic matter; Thermal maturation	anoxia; biomarker; Cretaceous; gas chromatography; hydrocarbon exploration; hydrocarbon generation; hydrocarbon reservoir; kerogen; mass spectrometry; organic matter; shale; source rock; thermal maturity; Chad Basin; Nigeria; Magnoliophyta	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84902362340	Elemental uptake and distribution of nutrients in avocado mesocarp and the impact of soil quality	Reddy M., Moodley R., Jonnalagadda S.B.	2014	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment	186	7	10.1007/s10661-014-3716-7	School of Chemistry and Physics, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa	Reddy, M., School of Chemistry and Physics, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; Moodley, R., School of Chemistry and Physics, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; Jonnalagadda, S.B., School of Chemistry and Physics, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa	The distribution of 14 elements (both essential and non-essential) in the Hass and Fuerte cultivars of avocados grown at six different sites in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, was investigated. Soils from the different sites were concurrently analysed for elemental concentration (both total and exchangeable), pH, organic matter and cation exchange capacity. In both varieties of the fruit, concentrations of the elements Cd, Co, Cr, Pb and Se were extremely low with the other elements being in decreasing order of Mg > Ca > Fe > Al > Zn > Mn > Cu > Ni > As. Nutritionally, avocados were found to be a good dietary source of the micronutrients Cu and Mn. In soil, Pb concentrations indicated enrichment (positive geoaccumuluation indices) but this did not influence uptake of the metal by the plant. Statistical analysis was done to evaluate the impact of soil quality parameters on the nutrient composition of the fruits. This analysis indicated the prevalence of complex metal interactions at the soil-plant interface that influenced their uptake by the plant. However, the plant invariably controlled metal uptake according to metabolic needs as evidenced by their accumulation and exclusion. © 2014 Springer International Publishing.	Antagonism; Avocado; Bioavailability; Elemental distribution; Nutrient uptake; Synergism	Biochemistry; Fruits; Lead; Magnesium; Manganese; Nutrients; Pollution; Soils; Antagonism; Avocado; Bioavailability; Elemental distribution; Nutrient uptake; Synergism; Quality control; aluminum; arsenic; cadmium; calcium; chromium; cobalt; copper; iron; lead; magnesium; manganese; nickel; organic matter; selenium; zinc; bioaccumulation; bioavailability; biological uptake; cation exchange capacity; concentration (composition); crop plant; cultivar; fruit; nutrient uptake; organic matter; parameterization; pH; soil quality; spatial distribution; article; avocado; cation exchange; chemical composition; concentration (parameters); controlled study; nonhuman; plant nutrient; plant parameters; plant soil relationship; soil acidity; soil analysis; soil quality; South Africa; KwaZulu-Natal; South Africa; Persea americana; Environmental Monitoring; Metals; Nutritive Value; Persea; Soil; Soil Pollutants; South Africa; Trace Elements	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930248448	Elemental distribution and chemical composition of amadumbe (colocasia esculenta) leaf and impact of soil quality	Mngadi S., Moodley R., Jonnalagadda S.B.	2015	Fresenius Environmental Bulletin	24	4	None	School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X 54001, Chiltern-Hills-Durban, South Africa	Mngadi, S., School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X 54001, Chiltern-Hills-Durban, South Africa; Moodley, R., School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X 54001, Chiltern-Hills-Durban, South Africa; Jonnalagadda, S.B., School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X 54001, Chiltern-Hills-Durban, South Africa	The increased consumption of edible Amadumbe (Colocasia esculenta) leaves and bulbs around the world, including South Africa, has triggered investigations on its impact on ones nutritional needs and its potential toxicity. The elemental distribution in Amadumbe leaves and bulbs from eight sites in the KwaZulu-Natal region of South Africa was investigated. The concentration of the elements in Amadumbe leaves was found to be in decreasing order of Ca Mg Fe Mn Zn Cu Ni Pb Se Cr Co. At Tongaat, north of Durban, typical elemental concentrations (in g g-1, dry mass) in the (Amadumbe leaves soil) were Ca (11014 24671), Co (0.2 3.5), Cr (5.2 75), Cu (16 40), Fe (453 21728), Mg (2368 1058), Mn (181 107), Ni (6.2 29), Pb (7.1 135), Se (6.7 5.7) and Zn (62 39). Except for Zn, concentrations of the studied elements were higher in the leaves than the bulbs. Amadumbe leaves appear to be a rich source of many es-sential elements, and macro elements, with low concentrations of the toxic metals.	Antagonism; Colocasia esculenta; Contamination; Nutrition; Synergy; Toxic elements; Yams	chemical composition; leaf; nutritive value; phytotoxicity; root vegetable; soil quality; toxic material; Durban; KwaZulu-Natal; South Africa; Colocasia esculenta	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79956005322	Evaluation of the in vitro and in vivo probiotic qualities of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) recovered from locally fermented products	Tesfaye A., Mehari T., Ashenafi M.	2011	International Journal of Probiotics and Prebiotics	6	2	None	Departments of Biology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Departments of Chemistry, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Tesfaye, A., Departments of Biology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Mehari, T., Departments of Chemistry, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Ashenafi, M., Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	From 143 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) recovered from locally fermented products, 27 strains were antagonistic against sensitive LAB indicator (Lab. brevis 3). Based on in vitro (acid-bile tolerance and antagonism against foodborne pathogens) criteria 9 LAB were selected for in vivo mice model infection test LAB (pure or mixed cultures) and Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 were administered orally to mice at log 6 and log 4 cfu/ml, respectively. The count of Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 from the frces of co-infected mice was significantly reduced (p<0.01) by mixed LAB culture (MLC) 3, MLC2, MLC 1, Lab. plantarum 1, Ped pentosaceus 1, Lab. delbreuckiissp delbreuckii, Lab. brevis 1, Lab. acidophilus 1 and Lab. plantarum 2. MLC 3 and 2 totally eliminated the test pathogen from the frces co-infected mice at day 15 and 16, respectively. The effects of MLCs were found better than single LAB cultures. Besides, the effect of single LAB cultures was improved much at log 9.00 cful ml administrations. Both the in vitro and in vivo probiotic analyses results strongly suggest that LAB, most single and all MLCs are possible candidate probiotics that can be used for the formulation of starters to prepare safe and bioprotective products. Copyright © 2011 by New Century Health Publishers, LLC.	Antagonism; Fermented products; Foodborne pathogens; Lactic acid bacteria; Probiotic	probiotic agent; animal experiment; animal model; article; bacterium culture; bacterium isolate; controlled study; drug safety; fermentation; Lactobacillus; Lactobacillus acidophilus; Lactobacillus curvatus; Lactobacillus delbrueckii; Lactobacillus fermentum; Lactobacillus paracasei; Lactobacillus plantarum; mouse; nonhuman; Pediococcus pentosaceus; pH measurement; Salmonella typhimurium; salmonellosis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34548513592	Evaluation of pre-harvest Bacillus licheniformis sprays to control mango fruit diseases	Silimela M., Korsten L.	2007	Crop Protection	26	10	10.1016/j.cropro.2006.12.011	Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa	Silimela, M., Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa; Korsten, L., Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa	Bacillus licheniformis was evaluated as a pre-harvest spray treatment either on its own or alternated with copper oxychloride to control mango fruit diseases. Prior to initiating the spray trials, in vitro and in vivo studies were done to determine the effect of stickers, spreaders, a biostimulant and a copper fungicide on the biocontrol agent's ability to effectively attach to and colonise the mango leaf surface. Bioboost, Nufilm-P, Biofilm and Agral 90 did not affect antagonist growth in vitro. However, copper oxychloride and Supafilm inhibited the in vitro growth of B. licheniformis, more pronouncedly after 8 h. The in vivo study showed that stickers and spreaders did not improve the ability of B. licheniformis to attach to and colonise the leaf surface. Pre-harvest B. licheniformis applications alone and alternated with copper sprays applied at 3-weekly intervals from flowering until harvest controlled moderate levels of anthracnose, bacterial black spot and soft rot. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Antagonists; Anthracnose; Bacterial black spot; Biocontrol; Soft rot	antagonism; anthracnose; bacterial disease; bacterium; biocontrol agent; biofilm; biological control; biopesticide; copper compound; crop improvement; disease control; fruit; fungicide; inhibition; Bacillus licheniformis; Bacteria (microorganisms)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77954631909	Impact of anthropogenic transportation to Antarctica on alien seed viability	Hughes K.A., Lee J.E., Ware C., Kiefer K., Bergstrom D.M.	2010	Polar Biology	33	8	10.1007/s00300-010-0801-4	British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, United Kingdom; Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Australian Antarctic Division, Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, 203 Channel Highway, Kingston, Tasmania 7050, Australia; Institute of Antarctic and Southern Ocean Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 77, Hobart 7001, Australia	Hughes, K.A., British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, United Kingdom; Lee, J.E., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Ware, C., Australian Antarctic Division, Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, 203 Channel Highway, Kingston, Tasmania 7050, Australia, Institute of Antarctic and Southern Ocean Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 77, Hobart 7001, Australia; Kiefer, K., Australian Antarctic Division, Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, 203 Channel Highway, Kingston, Tasmania 7050, Australia, Institute of Antarctic and Southern Ocean Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 77, Hobart 7001, Australia; Bergstrom, D.M., Australian Antarctic Division, Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, 203 Channel Highway, Kingston, Tasmania 7050, Australia, Institute of Antarctic and Southern Ocean Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 77, Hobart 7001, Australia	Antarctic ecosystems are at risk from the introduction of invasive species. The first step in the process of invasion is the transportation of alien species to Antarctic in a viable state. However, the effect of long-distance human-mediated dispersal, over different timescales, on propagule viability is not well known. We assessed the viability of Poa trivialis seeds transported to Antarctica from the UK, South Africa and Australia by ship or by ship and aircraft. Following transportation to the Antarctic Treaty area, no reduction in seed viability was found, despite journey times lasting up to 284 days and seeds experiencing temperatures as low as -1.5°C. This work confirms that human-mediated transport may overcome the dispersal barrier for some propagules, and highlights the need for effective pre-departure biosecurity measures. © 2010 Springer-Verlag.	Antarctica; Dispersal; Invasion; Non-native; Propagule; Transport	anthropogenic effect; biological invasion; biosafety; environmental risk; invasive species; propagule; seed dispersal; transportation mode; viability; Antarctica; Poa; Poa trivialis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-38349113846	Technical and economic evaluation of the utilization of solar energy at South Africa's SANAE IV base in Antarctica	Olivier J.R., Harms T.M., Esterhuyse D.J.	2008	Renewable Energy	33	5	10.1016/j.renene.2007.05.044	Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; South African Weather Service, Private Bag X097, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa	Olivier, J.R., Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Harms, T.M., Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Esterhuyse, D.J., South African Weather Service, Private Bag X097, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa	The technical and economic feasibility of utilizing solar energy at South Africa's SANAE IV station in Antarctica was evaluated in order to estimate potential financial and external savings, and to alleviate the programme's dependence on the special blend of diesel shipped annually from Cape Town. The average global horizontal and tilted insolation rates at the base were studied, energy consumption data of the station was investigated, technical performance characteristics of devices for harnessing solar energy were assessed and an economic analysis was completed. It was shown that at SANAE IV flat-plate solar thermal collectors could potentially be used in conjunction with the snow smelter (a device that meets the station's fresh water demand) and that photovoltaic modules could feasibly be used to reduce the station's electrical demand. Flat-plate solar thermal collectors could collect solar energy at an average of 3.13 R/kWh (viz. 0.49 US$/kWh) from a suggested 143 m2 array, while comparatively a 40 kWp photovoltaic system would be less economically sound and only able to pay back costs at the end of the system's expected 25-year lifetime, generating electricity at an estimated 3.20 R/kWh (annual electrical consumption at SANAE IV amounts to more than 1062 MWh). The total diesel savings of the solar thermal and photovoltaic systems were estimated at approximately 12 245 and 9958 l, respectively, which represent savings in externalities of R67 338 and R55 879 each. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Antarctica; Economic analysis; Feasibility study; SANAE IV; Solar energy; Technical analysis	Economic analysis; Energy utilization; Photovoltaic cells; Antarctica; Feasibility study; Technical analysis; Solar energy; Economic analysis; Energy utilization; Photovoltaic cells; Solar energy; economic analysis; energy use; feasibility study; performance assessment; photovoltaic system; solar power; technical efficiency; Africa; Antarctica; Cape Town; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Western Cape	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84860255936	The Scotia Sea krill fishery and its possible impacts on dependent predators: Modeling localized depletion of prey	Plagányi E.E., Butterworth D.S.	2012	Ecological Applications	22	3	10.1890/11-0441.1	Marine Resource Assessment and Management, Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Marine and Atmospheric Research, CSIRO, P.O. Box 2583, Brisbane 4001, Australia	Plagányi, E.E., Marine Resource Assessment and Management, Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa, Marine and Atmospheric Research, CSIRO, P.O. Box 2583, Brisbane 4001, Australia; Butterworth, D.S., Marine Resource Assessment and Management, Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	The nature and impact of fishing on predators that share a fished resource is an important consideration in ecosystem-based fisheries management. Krill (Euphausia superba) is a keystone species in the Antarctic, serving as a fundamental forage source for predators and simultaneously being subject to fishing. We developed a spatial multispecies operating model (SMOM) of krill-predator fishery dynamics to help advise on allocation of the total krill catch among 15 small-scale management units (SSMUs) in the Scotia Sea, with a goal to reduce the potential impact of fishing on krill predators. The operating model describes the underlying population dynamics and is used in simulations to compare different management options for adjusting fishing activities (e.g., a different spatial distribution of catches). The numerous uncertainties regarding the choice of parameter values pose a major impediment to constructing reliable ecosystem models. The pragmatic solution proposed here involves the use of operating models that are composed of alternative combinations of parameters that essentially try to bound the uncertainty in, for example, the choice of survival rate estimates as well as the functional relationships between predators and prey. Despite the large uncertainties, it is possible to discriminate the ecosystem impacts of different spatial fishing allocations. The spatial structure of the model is fundamental to addressing concerns of localized depletion of prey in the vicinity of land-based predator breeding colonies. Results of the model have been considered in recent management deliberations for spatial allocations of krill catches in the Scotia Sea and their associated impacts on dependent predator species. © 2012 by the Ecological Society of America.	Antarctic; Ecosystem model; Krill; Localized depletion; Multispecies model; Operating model; Predator-prey; Uncertainty	catch statistics; crustacean; ecological impact; ecosystem modeling; fishery management; fishing; fishing effort; keystone species; marine resource; population dynamics; predator; predator-prey interaction; resource depletion; survival; sustainable development; uncertainty analysis; animal; Antarctica; article; biological model; ecosystem; environmental monitoring; environmental protection; fish; food industry; krill; methodology; penguin; physiology; population density; predation; seal; season; time; Animals; Antarctic Regions; Conservation of Natural Resources; Ecosystem; Environmental Monitoring; Euphausiacea; Fisheries; Fishes; Models, Biological; Pinnipedia; Population Density; Predatory Behavior; Seasons; Spheniscidae; Time Factors; Atlantic Ocean; Scotia Sea; Euphausia superba; Euphausiacea	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84881247342	An exploration of the impact of students' prior genre knowledge on their constructions of 'audience' in a Marketing course at postgraduate level	Bangeni B.	2013	English for Specific Purposes	32	4	10.1016/j.esp.2013.05.001	Academic Development Programme, University of Cape Town, Hoerikwaggo Building, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	Bangeni, B., Academic Development Programme, University of Cape Town, Hoerikwaggo Building, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	This article explores the development of audience awareness for two English additional language (EAL) graduate students making the transition from undergraduate Social Science disciplines into the professional discipline of Marketing at a South African university. The article examines the ways in which their conceptualisations of 'audience' shape their negotiation of the generic move structure informing a dominant genre within the discipline: the written case analysis. I argue that the students' struggle with realising the communicative purposes of the genre in their analyses has implications for how they engage with disciplinary theory within crucial moves. Data yielded by semi-structured interviews, reflection papers, as well as selected case analyses written by the students in the initial months of their postgraduate year illustrate how this struggle can be traced to a mismatch between their embodied understandings of the concept of 'audience' which are transported from undergraduate learning contexts, and 'audience' as prescribed by the communicative purpose of the written case analysis within a professional discipline. In making this argument, the article examines the ways in which an antecedent genre, the Social Science argumentative essay, contributes to this mismatch. The article concludes by outlining the pedagogical implications of the findings from an ESP perspective. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.	Antecedent genre; Audience awareness; Disciplinarity; Prior genre knowledge; Transition; Written case analysis	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78649894908	Morphological evaluation of genetic evidence for a Pleistocene extirpation of eastern African impala	Reynolds S.C.	2010	South African Journal of Science	106	42686	10.4102/sajs.v106i11/12.325	Institute for Human Evolution, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, PO WITS, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa	Reynolds, S.C., Institute for Human Evolution, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, PO WITS, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa	Palaeontology typically relies on fossil studies, in particular morphological differences, to reconstruct and interpret patterns of vertebrate evolution. However, genetic studies of population histories of extant species provide data about past population events (e.g. local extinctions, recolonisations) which are equally relevant to palaeontological questions. This study used morphological traits to evaluate a hypothesis based on genetic evidence that southern African impala (Aepyceros melampus) are the founder population for all other living African impala populations, after an eastern African extirpation event dating to around 200 000 years ago. Measurements of three horn metrics and the presence or absence of a particular dental trait were compared across four regional impala samples. Eastern African impala possess a unique combination of larger horns and a significantly higher occurrence of entostyles when compared to other impala populations. These traits are likely to have characterised a small group of founding impala which recolonised this region. This pattern appears consistent with the genetic evidence that a subset of the southern African impala gave rise to the eastern African populations. Other species with complex population histories, such as wildebeest, eland, topi and hartebeest may also therefore be expected to express variation in certain morphological traits in the fossil record because of similar patterns of recolonisations. The process of local extinction and subsequent repopulation over shorter timescales (102 - 103 years) may pass unnoticed in the fossil record, and lineages may appear uninterrupted. Instead, greater morphological variation within a species may be observed, which may be misinterpreted as reflecting a speciation event, or ecophenotypic variation. Combining data from genetic studies and palaeontology may provide further clues as to how faunal dispersals within Africa shaped the morphological variation in the fossil record, and how to best interpret such differences. © 2010. The Authors.	Antelope; Entostyles; Extirpations; Founder populations; Genetic population histories; Pleistocene climate changes	climate variation; data set; dentition; dispersal; fossil record; founder effect; genetic analysis; horn; hypothesis testing; local extinction; morphology; paleontology; Pleistocene; recolonization; reconstruction; ruminant; speciation (biology); Aepyceros melampus; Alcelaphus buselaphus; Damaliscus lunatus; Tragelaphus oryx; Vertebrata	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879767059	The impact of revised PMTCT guidelines: A view from a public sector ARV clinic in Cape Town, South Africa	Van Schalkwyk M., Andersson M.I., Zeier M.D., La Grange M., Taljaard J.J., Theron G.B.	2013	Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes	63	2	10.1097/QAI.0b013e31828bb721	Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa	Van Schalkwyk, M., Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa; Andersson, M.I., Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa; Zeier, M.D., Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa; La Grange, M., Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa; Taljaard, J.J., Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa; Theron, G.B., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa	Background: In April 2010, revised Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission guidelines were implemented in South Africa, advising fast-tracked lifelong highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) initiation at a higher CD4 count (#350 cells per microliter). This study describes the impact of these changes on the management of pregnant women who initiated HAART at Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of all women who initiated HAART in pregnancy at the Tygerberg Hospital between January 2008 and December 2010. Year cohorts were compared. Results: Two hundred and fifty HIV-infected women were included in the study and stratified by HAART initiation year: 2008:N = 82, 2009: N = 71, 2010:N = 97. There were no differences between the groups in age or parity. Median booking CD4 count was 155 cells per microliter [interquartile range (IQR) 107-187], 157 cells per microliter (IQR 104- 206) and 208 cells per microliter (IQR 138-270), respectively (P , 0.001). Median gestation at HAART initiation was 31 weeks (IQR 27-35), 30 weeks (IQR 26-34), and 25 weeks (IQR 21-31; P , 0.001). HIV transmission rates were 3/65 (4.6%), 4/57 (7.0%), and 0/ 90 (0.0%; P = 0.021). Women ,8 weeks on HAART before delivery were more likely to transmit than women $8 weeks [odds ratio 9.69; 95% confidence interval 1.66 to 56.58; P = 0.017]. Ninety-four (37.6%) women were lost to follow-up, 18.4% within 28 days of delivery. Conclusions: The positive impact of the new Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission program is evident. A longer duration of HAART before delivery was associated with less transmission. However, the lost to follow-up rates remain concerning. Further research is needed to better understand the reasons for nonadherence and mechanisms to improve support for these women. Copyright © 2013 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.	Antenatal; Antiretroviral therapy; HIV; Mother-to-child transmission; South Africa	adult; article; CD4 lymphocyte count; female; follow up; highly active antiretroviral therapy; human; Human immunodeficiency virus; major clinical study; organization and management; practice guideline; pregnancy; pregnant woman; priority journal; retrospective study; South Africa; disease transmission; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; outpatient department; patient compliance; practice guideline; pregnancy complication; vertical transmission; anti human immunodeficiency virus agent; Adult; Ambulatory Care Facilities; Anti-HIV Agents; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Female; Guidelines as Topic; HIV Infections; Humans; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; Lost to Follow-Up; Patient Compliance; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Retrospective Studies; South Africa	None
WoS	WOS:000343943700025	Community-Based Evaluation of PMTCT Uptake in Nyanza Province, Kenya	John-Stewart, Grace,Kinuthia, John,Kohler, Pamela K.,Laserson, Kayla F.,Mills, Lisa A.,Odhiambo, Frank,Okanda, John,Olilo, George,Voss, Joachim,Zierler, Brenda	2014	PLOS ONE	9	10	10.1371/journal.pone.0110110	University of Nairobi, University of Washington, University of Washington Seattle, CDC, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention - USA, KEMRI, Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr	"John-Stewart, Grace: University of Washington","John-Stewart, Grace: University of Washington Seattle","Kinuthia, John: University of Nairobi","Kohler, Pamela K.: University of Washington","Kohler, Pamela K.: University of Washington Seattle","Voss, Joachim: University of Washington","Voss, Joachim: University of Washington Seattle","Zierler, Brenda: University of Washington","Zierler, Brenda: University of Washington Seattle",	Introduction: Facility-based assessments of prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) programs may overestimate population coverage. There are few community-based studies that evaluate PMTCT coverage and uptake. Methods: During 2011, a cross-sectional community survey among women who gave birth in the prior year was performed using the KEMRI-CDC Health and Demographic Surveillance System in Western Kenya. A random sample (n = 405) and a sample of women known to be HIV-positive through previous home-based testing (n = 247) were enrolled. Rates and correlates of uptake of antenatal care (ANC), HIV-testing, and antiretrovirals (ARVs) were determined. Results: Among 405 women in the random sample, 379 (94%) reported accessing ANC, most of whom (87%) were HIV tested. Uptake of HIV testing was associated with employment, higher socioeconomic status, and partner HIV testing. Among 247 known HIV-positive women, 173 (70%) self-disclosed their HIV status. Among 216 self-reported HIV-positive women (including 43 from the random sample), 82% took PMTCT ARVs, with 54% completing the full antenatal, peripartum, and postpartum course. Maternal ARV use was associated with more ANC visits and having an HIV tested partner. ARV use during delivery was lowest (62%) and associated with facility delivery. Eighty percent of HIV infected women reported having their infant HIV tested, 11% of whom reported their child was HIV infected, 76% uninfected, 6% declined to say, 7% did not recall; 79% of infected children were reportedly receiving HIV care and treatment. Conclusions: Community-based assessments provide data that complements clinic-based PMTCT evaluations. In this survey, antenatal HIV test uptake was high; most HIV infected women received ARVs, though many women did not self-disclose HIV status to field team. Community-driven strategies that encourage early ANC, partner involvement, and skilled delivery, and provide PMTCT education, may facilitate further reductions in vertical transmission.	,"ANTENATAL CARE","ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY",COUNTRIES,"HIV TRANSMISSION",PREGNANCY,PREVENTION,PROGRAMS,"SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA",TANZANIA,"TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84869228594	Knowledge and performance of the Ethiopian health extension workers on antenatal and delivery care: A cross-sectional study	Medhanyie A., Spigt M., Dinant G., Blanco R.	2012	Human Resources for Health	10	None	10.1186/1478-4491-10-44	Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia; CAPHRI, School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands; Department of Medicine, University of Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Department of General Practice, Tromso University, Tromso, Norway	Medhanyie, A., Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia, CAPHRI, School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands, Department of Medicine, University of Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Spigt, M., CAPHRI, School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands, Department of General Practice, Tromso University, Tromso, Norway; Dinant, G., CAPHRI, School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands; Blanco, R., Department of Medicine, University of Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain	Background: In recognition of the critical shortage of human resources within health services, community health workers have been trained and deployed to provide primary health care in developing countries. However, very few studies have investigated whether these health workers can provide good quality of care. This study investigated the knowledge and performance of health extension workers (HEWs) on antenatal and delivery care. The study also explored the barriers and facilitators for HEWs in the provision of maternal health care.Methods: In conducting this research, a cross-sectional study was performed. A total of 50 HEWs working in 39 health posts, covering a population of approximately 195,000 people, were interviewed. Descriptive statistics was used and a composite score of knowledge of HEWs was made and interpreted based on the Ethiopian education scoring system.Results: Almost half of the respondents had at least 5 years of work experience as a HEW. More than half (27 (54%)) of the HEWs had poor knowledge on contents of antenatal care counseling, and the majority (44 (88%)) had poor knowledge on danger symptoms, danger signs, and complications in pregnancy. Health posts, which are the operational units for HEWs, did not have basic infrastructures like water supply, electricity, and waiting rooms for women in labor. On average within 6 months, a HEW assisted in 5.8 births. Only a few births (10%) were assisted at the health posts, the majority (82%) were assisted at home and only 20% of HEWs received professional assistance from a midwife.Conclusion: Considering the poor knowledge of HEWs, poorly equipped health posts, and poor referral systems, it is difficult for HEWs to play a key role in improving health facility deliveries, skilled birth attendance, and on-time referral through early identification of danger signs. Hence, there is an urgent need to design appropriate strategies to improve the performance of HEWs by enhancing their knowledge and competencies, while creating appropriate working conditions. © 2012 Medhanyie et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Antenatal care; Community health workers; Health extension workers; Maternal health care; Primary health care	None	None
None	None	Evaluation of a community health worker intervention and the World Health Organization's Option B versus Option A to improve antenatal care and PMTCT outcomes in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: Study protocol for a cluster-randomized controlled health systems im	Sando D., Geldsetzer P., Magesa L., Lema I.A., Machumi L., Mwanyika-Sando M., Li N., Spiegelman D., Mungure E., Siril H., Mujinja P., Naburi H., Chalamilla G., Kilewo C., Ekström A.M., Fawzi W.W., Bärnighausen T.W.	2014	Trials	15	1	10.1186/1745-6215-15-359	Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, United States; Management and Development for Health, Mwai Kibaki Road, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, United States; School of Public Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, United Nations Road, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; School of Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, United Nations Road, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Department of Public Health Sciences, Tomtebodavägen, Karolinska Institutet, Solna Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinskavägen, Solna Stockholm, Sweden; Wellcome Trust Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, A2074 Road, Mtubatuba, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa	Sando, D., Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, United States, Management and Development for Health, Mwai Kibaki Road, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Geldsetzer, P., Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, United States; Magesa, L., Management and Development for Health, Mwai Kibaki Road, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Lema, I.A., Management and Development for Health, Mwai Kibaki Road, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Machumi, L., Management and Development for Health, Mwai Kibaki Road, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Mwanyika-Sando, M., Management and Development for Health, Mwai Kibaki Road, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Li, N., Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, United States; Spiegelman, D., Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, United States; Mungure, E., Management and Development for Health, Mwai Kibaki Road, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Siril, H., Management and Development for Health, Mwai Kibaki Road, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, School of Public Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, United Nations Road, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Mujinja, P., School of Public Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, United Nations Road, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Naburi, H., School of Public Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, United Nations Road, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, School of Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, United Nations Road, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Chalamilla, G., Management and Development for Health, Mwai Kibaki Road, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Kilewo, C., School of Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, United Nations Road, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Ekström, A.M., Department of Public Health Sciences, Tomtebodavägen, Karolinska Institutet, Solna Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinskavägen, Solna Stockholm, Sweden; Fawzi, W.W., Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, United States; Bärnighausen, T.W., Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, United States, Wellcome Trust Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, A2074 Road, Mtubatuba, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa	Background: Mother-to-child transmission of HIV remains an important public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa. As HIV testing and linkage to PMTCT occurs in antenatal care (ANC), major challenges for any PMTCT option in developing countries, including Tanzania, are delays in the first ANC visit and a low overall number of visits. Community health workers (CHWs) have been effective in various settings in increasing the uptake of clinical services and improving treatment retention and adherence. At the beginning of this trial in January 2013, the World Health Organization recommended either of two medication regimens, Option A or B, for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT). It is still largely unclear which option is more effective when implemented in a public healthcare system. This study aims to determine the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, acceptability, and feasibility of: (1) a community health worker (CWH) intervention and (2) PMTCT Option B in improving ANC and PMTCT outcomes.Methods/Design: This study is a cluster-randomized controlled health systems implementation trial with a two-by-two factorial design. All 60 administrative wards in the Kinondoni and Ilala districts in Dar es Salaam were first randomly allocated to either receiving the CHW intervention or not, and then to receiving either Option B or A. Under the standard of care, facility-based health workers follow up on patients who have missed scheduled appointments for PMTCT, first through a telephone call and then with a home visit. In the wards receiving the CHW intervention, the CHWs: (1) identify pregnant women through home visits and refer them to antenatal care; (2) provide education to pregnant women on antenatal care, PMTCT, birth, and postnatal care; (3) routinely follow up on all pregnant women to ascertain whether they have attended ANC; and (4) follow up on women who have missed ANC or PMTCT appointments. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: EJF22802. Registration date: 14 May 2013. © 2014 Sando et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Antenatal care; Community health workers; HIV; Prevention of mother-to-child transmission; Retention; Study protocol; Uptake	Article; birth; clinical protocol; controlled study; cost effectiveness analysis; economic evaluation; feasibility study; female; follow up; health auxiliary; health care personnel; health care system; health education; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; infection prevention; major clinical study; postnatal care; pregnant woman; prenatal care; professional practice; randomized controlled trial; telephone; treatment outcome; vertical transmission; ward; world health organization; attitude to health; clinical trial; community care; comparative study; health auxiliary; health care planning; health care quality; health services research; HIV Infections; hospital management; methodology; multicenter study; newborn; patient attitude; patient education; perinatal care; pregnancy; prevention and control; standards; Tanzania; time; total quality management; transmission; vertical transmission; anti human immunodeficiency virus agent; Anti-HIV Agents; Appointments and Schedules; Community Health Services; Community Health Workers; Female; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Health Services Research; Health Systems Plans; HIV Infections; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care); Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Patient Education as Topic; Perinatal Care; Pregnancy; Quality Improvement; Quality Indicators, Health Care; Research Design; Tanzania; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; World Health Organization	None
WoS	WOS:000344700300001	Evaluation of a community health worker intervention and the World Health Organization's Option B versus Option A to improve antenatal care and PMTCT outcomes in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: study protocol for a cluster-randomized controlled health systems im	Baernighausen, Till W.,Chalamilla, Guerino,Ekstrom, Anna Mia,Fawzi, Wafaie W.,Geldsetzer, Pascal,Kilewo, Charles,Lema, Irene Andrew,Li, Nan,Machumi, Lameck,Magesa, Lucy,Mujinja, Phares,Mungure, Ester,Mwanyika-Sando, Mary,Naburi, Helga,Sando, David,Siril,	2014	TRIALS	15	None	10.1186/1745-6215-15-359	Harvard University, Karolinska Institutet, Management & Dev Hlth, Muhimbili Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Wellcome Trust Africa Ctr Hlth & Populat Studies	"Fawzi, Wafaie W.: Harvard University","Geldsetzer, Pascal: Harvard University","Li, Nan: Harvard University",	Background: Mother-to-child transmission of HIV remains an important public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa. As HIV testing and linkage to PMTCT occurs in antenatal care (ANC), major challenges for any PMTCT option in developing countries, including Tanzania, are delays in the first ANC visit and a low overall number of visits. Community health workers (CHWs) have been effective in various settings in increasing the uptake of clinical services and improving treatment retention and adherence. At the beginning of this trial in January 2013, the World Health Organization recommended either of two medication regimens, Option A or B, for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT). It is still largely unclear which option is more effective when implemented in a public healthcare system. This study aims to determine the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, acceptability, and feasibility of: (1) a community health worker (CWH) intervention and (2) PMTCT Option B in improving ANC and PMTCT outcomes. Methods/Design: This study is a cluster-randomized controlled health systems implementation trial with a two-by-two factorial design. All 60 administrative wards in the Kinondoni and Ilala districts in Dar es Salaam were first randomly allocated to either receiving the CHW intervention or not, and then to receiving either Option B or A. Under the standard of care, facility-based health workers follow up on patients who have missed scheduled appointments for PMTCT, first through a telephone call and then with a home visit. In the wards receiving the CHW intervention, the CHWs: (1) identify pregnant women through home visits and refer them to antenatal care; (2) provide education to pregnant women on antenatal care, PMTCT, birth, and postnatal care; (3) routinely follow up on all pregnant women to ascertain whether they have attended ANC; and (4) follow up on women who have missed ANC or PMTCT appointments.	"ANTENATAL CARE","COMMUNITY HEALTH WORKERS",HIV,"prevention of mother-to-child transmission",RETENTION,"study protocol",UPTAKE,"ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY",BOTSWANA,"DOSE NEVIRAPINE","HIV-1 TRANSMISSION",MORTALITY,PREGNANCY,PREVENTION,PROPHYLAXIS,SATISFACTION	None	None
None	None	Community health workers to improve antenatal care and PMTCT uptake in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: A quantitative performance evaluation	Lema I.A., Sando D., Magesa L., Machumi L., Mungure E., Sando M.M., Geldsetzer P., Foster D., Kajoka D., Naburi H., Ekström A.M., Spiegelman D., Li N., Chalamilla G., Fawzi W., Bärnighausen T.	2014	Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes	67	None	None	Familia Salama Trial Unit, Management and Development for Health, Mwai Kibaki Road, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Department of Global Health and Population, Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.S.), Harvard School of Public Health, Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, United States; PMTCT Department, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinskavägen, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Wellcome Trust Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, Mtubatuba, South Africa	Lema, I.A., Familia Salama Trial Unit, Management and Development for Health, Mwai Kibaki Road, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Sando, D., Familia Salama Trial Unit, Management and Development for Health, Mwai Kibaki Road, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Magesa, L., Familia Salama Trial Unit, Management and Development for Health, Mwai Kibaki Road, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Machumi, L., Familia Salama Trial Unit, Management and Development for Health, Mwai Kibaki Road, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Mungure, E., Familia Salama Trial Unit, Management and Development for Health, Mwai Kibaki Road, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Sando, M.M., Familia Salama Trial Unit, Management and Development for Health, Mwai Kibaki Road, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Geldsetzer, P., Department of Global Health and Population, Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.S.), Harvard School of Public Health, Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, United States; Foster, D., Department of Global Health and Population, Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.S.), Harvard School of Public Health, Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, United States; Kajoka, D., PMTCT Department, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Naburi, H., Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Ekström, A.M., Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinskavägen, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Spiegelman, D., Department of Global Health and Population, Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.S.), Harvard School of Public Health, Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, United States; Li, N., Department of Global Health and Population, Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.S.), Harvard School of Public Health, Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, United States; Chalamilla, G., Familia Salama Trial Unit, Management and Development for Health, Mwai Kibaki Road, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Fawzi, W., Department of Global Health and Population, Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.S.), Harvard School of Public Health, Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, United States; Bärnighausen, T., Department of Global Health and Population, Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.S.), Harvard School of Public Health, Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, United States, Wellcome Trust Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, Mtubatuba, South Africa	Methods: Over a 16-month period, we carried out a quantitative evaluation of the performance of CHW in reaching women early in pregnancy and before they have attended ANC in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.Background: Home visits by community health workers (CHW) could be effective in identifying pregnant women in the community before they have presented to the health system. CHW could thus improve the uptake of antenatal care (ANC), HIV testing, and prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) services.Results: As part of the intervention, 213 CHW conducted more than 45,000 home visits to about 43,000 pregnant women. More than 75% of the pregnant women identified through home visits had not yet attended ANC at the time of the first contact with a CHW and about 40% of those who had not yet attended ANC were in the first trimester of pregnancy. Over time, the number of pregnant women the CHW identified each month increased, as did the proportion of women who had not yet attended ANC. The median gestational age of pregnant women contacted for the first time by a CHW decreased steadily and significantly over time (from 21/22 to 16 weeks, P-value for test of trend <0.0001).Conclusions: A large-scale CHW intervention was effective in identifying pregnant women in their homes early in pregnancy and before they had attended ANC. The intervention thus fulfills some of the conditions that are necessary for CHW to improve timely ANC uptake and early HIV testing and PMTCT enrollment in pregnancy. Copyright © 2014 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.	Antenatal care; Community health workers; Maternal and child health; Performance evaluation; Tanzania	adult; Article; compensation; evaluation study; female; gestational age; government; health auxiliary; health care cost; HIV test; human; organization and management; pregnancy; prenatal care; prevention of mother to child transmission; preventive health service; professional practice; public health; quantitative analysis; Tanzania; child; community care; epidemiology; health auxiliary; HIV Infections; infant; male; newborn; organization and management; patient referral; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; prenatal care; preschool child; prevention and control; professional practice; program evaluation; standards; statistics and numerical data; transmission; vertical transmission; anti human immunodeficiency virus agent; Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Community Health Services; Community Health Workers; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Female; HIV Infections; House Calls; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; Male; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Prenatal Care; Program Evaluation; Referral and Consultation; Tanzania	None
None	None	Impact of an electronic clinical decision support system on workflow in antenatal care: The QUALMAT eCDSS in rural health care facilities in Ghana and Tanzania	Mensah N., Sukums F., Awine T., Meid A., Williams J., Akweongo P., Kaltschmidt J., Haefeli W.E., Blank A.	2015	Global Health Action	8	1	10.3402/gha.v8.25756	Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Navrongo Health Research Centre, Navrongo, Ghana; Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Directorate of Information and Communication Technology, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania; School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon Accra, Ghana	Mensah, N., Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany, Navrongo Health Research Centre, Navrongo, Ghana; Sukums, F., Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Directorate of Information and Communication Technology, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania; Awine, T., Navrongo Health Research Centre, Navrongo, Ghana; Meid, A., Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Williams, J., Navrongo Health Research Centre, Navrongo, Ghana; Akweongo, P., School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon Accra, Ghana; Kaltschmidt, J., Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Haefeli, W.E., Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Blank, A., Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany	Background: The implementation of new technology can interrupt establishedworkflows in health care settings. The Quality of Maternal Care (QUALMAT) project has introduced an electronic clinical decision support system (eCDSS) for antenatal care (ANC) and delivery in rural primary health care facilities in Africa. Objective: This study was carried out to investigate the influence of the QUALMAT eCDSS on the workflow of health care workers in rural primary health care facilities in Ghana and Tanzania. Design: A direct observation, time-and-motion study on ANC processes was conducted using a structured data sheet with predefined major task categories. The duration and sequence of tasks performed during ANC visits were observed, and changes after the implementation of the eCDSS were analyzed. Results: In 24 QUALMAT study sites, 214 observations of ANC visits (144 in Ghana, 70 in Tanzania) were carried out at baseline and 148 observations (104 in Ghana, 44 in Tanzania) after the software was implemented in 12 of those sites. The median time spent combined for all centers in both countries to provide ANC at baseline was 6.5 min [interquartile range (IQR) = 4.0-10.6]. Although the time spent on ANC increased in Tanzania and Ghana after the eCDSS implementation as compared to baseline, overall there was no significant increase in time used for ANC activities (0.51 min, p = 0.06 in Ghana; and 0.54 min, p = 0.26 in Tanzania) as compared to the control sites without the eCDSS. The percentage of medical history taking in women who had subsequent examinations increased after eCDSS implementation from 58.2% (39/67) to 95.3% (61/64) p < 0.001 in Ghana but not in Tanzania [from 65.4% (17/26) to 71.4% (15/21) p = 0.70]. Conclusions: The QUALMAT eCDSS does not increase the time needed for ANC but partly streamlined workflow at sites in Ghana, showing the potential of such a system to influence quality of care positively. © 2015 Nathan Mensah et al.	Antenatal care; Developing countries; Electronic clinical decision support system; Health care providers; Rural setting; Sequence of events; Sub-Saharan Africa; Workflow	None	None
WoS	WOS:000296467100001	Maternal health interventions in resource limited countries: a systematic review of packages, impacts and factors for change	Nyamtema, Angelo S.,Urassa, David P.,van Roosmalen, Jos	2011	BMC PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH	11	None	10.1186/1471-2393-11-30	Leiden University, VU University Amsterdam, Sch Publ Hlth & Social Sci, Tanzanian Training Ctr Int Hlth	None	Background: The burden of maternal mortality in resource limited countries is still huge despite being at the top of the global public health agenda for over the last 20 years. We systematically reviewed the impacts of interventions on maternal health and factors for change in these countries. Methods: A systematic review was carried out using the guidelines for Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Articles published in the English language reporting on implementation of interventions, their impacts and underlying factors for maternal health in resource limited countries in the past 23 years were searched from PubMed, Popline, African Index Medicus, internet sources including reproductive health gateway and Google, hand-searching, reference lists and grey literature. Results: Out of a total of 5084 articles resulting from the search only 58 qualified for systematic review. Programs integrating multiple interventions were more likely to have significant positive impacts on maternal outcomes. Training in emergency obstetric care (EmOC), placement of care providers, refurbishment of existing health facility infrastructure and improved supply of drugs, consumables and equipment for obstetric care were the most frequent interventions integrated in 52% - 65% of all 54 reviewed programs. Statistically significant reduction of maternal mortality ratio and case fatality rate were reported in 55% and 40% of the programs respectively. Births in EmOC facilities and caesarean section rates increased significantly in 71% - 75% of programs using these indicators. Insufficient implementation of evidence-based interventions in resources limited countries was closely linked to a lack of national resources, leadership skills and end-users factors. Conclusions: This article presents a list of evidenced-based packages of interventions for maternal health, their impacts and factors for change in resource limited countries. It indicates that no single magic bullet intervention exists for reduction of maternal mortality and that all interventional programs should be integrated in order to bring significant changes. State leaders and key actors in the health sectors in these countries and the international community are proposed to translate the lessons learnt into actions and intensify efforts in order to achieve the goals set for maternal health.	,"ANTENATAL CARE","EMERGENCY OBSTETRIC CARE","EMOC SERVICES",MORTALITY,NEPAL,PROGRAM,"RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL",SUPPLEMENTATION,"TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANTS",VITAMIN-A	None	None
None	None	The impact of antenatal HIV diagnosis on postpartum childbearing desires in northern Tanzania: A mixed methods study	Keogh S.C., Urassa M., Roura M., Kumogola Y., Kalongoji S., Kimaro D., Changalucha J., Zaba B.	2012	Reproductive Health Matters	20	None	10.1016/S0968-8080(12)39634-1	Department of Anthropology, University College London, London, United Kingdom; National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania; Barcelona Centre for International Health Research, Barcelona, Spain; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania; National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania; Population Studies Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom	Keogh, S.C., Department of Anthropology, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Urassa, M., National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania; Roura, M., Barcelona Centre for International Health Research, Barcelona, Spain, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Kumogola, Y., National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania; Kalongoji, S.; Kimaro, D.; Changalucha, J., National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania; Zaba, B., Population Studies Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom	With the expansion of routine antenatal HIV testing, women are increasingly discovering they are HIV-positive during pregnancy. While several studies have examined the impact of HIV on childbearing in Africa, few have focused on the antenatal/postpartum period. Addressing this research gap will help tailor contraceptive counseling to HIV-positive women's needs. Our study measures how antenatal HIV diagnosis affects postpartum childbearing desires, adjusting for effects of HIV before diagnosis. A baseline survey on reproductive behavior was administered to 5,284 antenatal clients before they underwent routine HIV testing. Fifteen months later, a follow-up survey collected information on postpartum reproductive behavior from 2,162 women, and in-depth interviews with 25 women investigated attitudes toward HIV and childbearing. HIV diagnosis was associated with a long-term downward adjustment in childbearing desires, but not with changes in short-term postpartum desires. The qualitative interviews identified health concerns and nurses' dissuasion as major factors discouraging childbearing post-diagnosis. At the same time, pronatalist social norms appeared to pressure women to continue childbearing. Given the potential for fertility desires to change following antenatal HIV diagnosis, contraceptive counseling should be provided on a continuum from antenatal through postpartum care, taking into account the conflicting pressures faced by HIV-positive women in relation to childbearing.	Antenatal care; Fertility desires; HIV and pregnancy; Post-partum period; Reproductive health services; Tanzania	antiretrovirus agent; age distribution; article; attitude to pregnancy; educational status; family decision making; family size; female; follow up; HIV test; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; infection risk; maternal attitude; parity; paternal attitude; prenatal diagnosis; prevalence; priority journal; puerperium; qualitative analysis; reproductive rights; risk reduction; rural population; sexual behavior; Tanzania; virus transmission; women's health; women's rights; Adolescent; Adult; Contraception; Family Planning Services; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; Intention; Middle Aged; Motivation; Pregnancy; Prenatal Diagnosis; Prevalence; Qualitative Research; Reproductive History; Tanzania; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-24144474579	Measuring the impact of HIV and STIs in a community in a coal mining town, Mpumalanga, South Africa	Hurkchand H., Makuluma H., Molefe N., Molapo M.	2005	Journal of The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy	105	6	None	CSIR Mining Technology, South Africa	Hurkchand, H., CSIR Mining Technology, South Africa; Makuluma, H., CSIR Mining Technology, South Africa; Molefe, N., CSIR Mining Technology, South Africa; Molapo, M., CSIR Mining Technology, South Africa	Background: A cross-sectional study was conducted in November 2001 to establish the prevalence rates of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) (Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoea) in a coalmining town in Mpumalanga. Methods: 155 adults were recruited (79 males and 76 females), by holding community meetings, and by door-to-door recruitment. Saliva and urine specimens were collected for the analysis of HIV and STI prevalence, respectively. Results: The mean age for males was 31.35 years (min = 19 yrs and max = 50 yrs) and the mean age of the female participants was 31.90 years (min = 17 yrs, max = 49 yrs). The prevalence of HIV was found to be 22.78% [95% CI (14.09-33.59)] in the males vs. 47.37% [95% CI (35.79-55.16)] in the females, [p = 0.001, OR = 3.05, 95%CI (1.49-6.26)]. The prevalence of C trachomatis was 7.90% [95% CI (2.95-16.39)] in the males vs. 12.86% [95% CI (6.05-23.00)] in the females, p = 0.324. The prevalence of N. gonorrhoea was 3.79% [95% CI (0.79-1.08)] in the males vs. 9.86% [95% CI (4.06-19.26)] in the females, p = 0.137. HIV was significantly associated with C. trachomatis, [p = 0.032, OR = 3.18, 95% CI (1.04-9.72)], but was not significant when stratified by gender. HIV was not significantly associated with N.gonorrhoea (p = 0.072) but it was significantly associated when stratified by gender, p = 0.001 for females. There were no significant associations between HIV and age (p = 0.408), even upon stratification by gender. Conclusions: HIV prevalence in this community is high, and corresponds to national figures. However, the prevalence of STIs is surprisingly low as it would be expected to be high in a migrant population. Although communities are exposed to expanding peer-education activities that encourage behaviour change, the prevalence of HIV in this group. There is an urgent need for interventions designed to treat or prevent HIV infection in women generally and in women at high risk. © The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 2005.	Antenatal; HIV prevalence; Mining; STI prevalence	Antenatal; HIV prevalance; STI prevalance; Disease control; Population statistics; Social aspects; Viruses; Coal mines	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84902513065	The impact of antenatal mental distress on functioning and capabilities: Views of health care providers and service users in Cape Town, South Africa	Mall S., Honikman S., Evans B., Swartz L., Lund C.	2014	Disability and Rehabilitation	36	13	10.3109/09638288.2013.833300	Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Alan J Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Psychology, Alan J Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa	Mall, S., Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Alan J Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Honikman, S., Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Alan J Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Evans, B., Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Alan J Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Swartz, L., Department of Psychology, Alan J Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; Lund, C., Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Alan J Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Purpose: Antenatal mental distress has disabling consequences. It affects functioning and participation in daily activities and can lead to postnatal depression. This study employs the International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health (ICF), to explore the experiences of pregnant women with mental distress attending the Perinatal Mental Health Project (PMHP). The analysis also adopts Amartya Sen's capabilities approach to provide suggestions for appropriate interventions. Methods: We conducted in-depth interviews with seven pregnant women experiencing antenatal mental distress, three postnatal women who had experienced antenatal mental distress and seven health care providers all affiliated with the PMHP. We used an open-ended interview guide employing domains from the ICF as well as from the capabilities approach. Findings: Participants attributed their antenatal mental distress to a range of environmental factors. Difficulties in functioning were reported by participants including difficulties at work and caring for children. Participants stated that services provided by the PMHP have a positive impact on functioning and capabilities. Conclusion: The study suggests that the ICF is useful for exploring the impact of antenatal mental distress on functioning. It is well complemented by the capabilities approach to inform interventions.Implications for RehabilitationAntenatal mental distress is a significant public health issue that impacts on women's functioning and participation exacerbated by social factors such as poverty and exposure to violence.This study explored restrictions in functioning and participation faced by women with antenatal mental distress including the ability to care for children, find meaningful employment and sustain relationships.Counselling services can play a role in restoring functioning and capabilities for women experiencing antenatal mental distress.Counselling services have the ability to discuss restrictions in functioning caused by antenatal mental distress with their clients and to offer support for creating capabilities once functioning has improved. © 2014 Informa UK Ltd.	Antenatal mental distress; Capabilities; ICF; South Africa	adult; counseling; daily life activity; disability; female; health personnel attitude; human; International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health; interview; mental stress; pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; pregnant woman; prevention and control; psychology; risk factor; South Africa; urban population; Activities of Daily Living; Adult; Attitude of Health Personnel; Counseling; Disability Evaluation; Female; Humans; International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health; Interviews as Topic; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnant Women; Risk Factors; South Africa; Stress, Psychological; Urban Population	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939475067	Evaluation of pregnant women susceptible to cytomegalovirus infection in Maiduguri, Nigeria	Nasir I.A., Usman Y., Babayo A.	2015	Research Journal of Microbiology	10	7	10.3923/jm.2015.336.342	Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, PMB 228, Gwagwalada, FCT Abuja, Nigeria; Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Ahmadu Bello University, PMB 05, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria; Department of Medical Microbiology	Nasir, I.A., Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, PMB 228, Gwagwalada, FCT Abuja, Nigeria; Usman, Y., Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Ahmadu Bello University, PMB 05, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria; Babayo, A., Department of Medical Microbiology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Tecahing Hospital, PMB 0117, Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria	Cytomegalovirus (CMV) screening in pregnancy has not been recommended during antenatal clinic days in Nigeria and most countries of the world. However, CMV has been widely accepted as, the viral etiology with the greatest propensity for congenital transmission. Due to CMV ubiquity, seronegative women are highly susceptible to CMV infection and thus, has increased risk of maternal infections and possibly congenital transmission. In view of this, this study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of women, who are anti-CMV IgG seronegative, thus susceptible to CMV infections. We made use of NovalisaTM anti-CMV IgG ELISA kit to screen 182 blood samples of pregnant women attending antenatal clinics of University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital (UMTH), Maiduguri, Nigeria. Structured questionnaire was used to collect participants’ sociodemographic data. A total of 38 out of 182 subjects were anti-CMV IgG seronegative making a seroprevalence of 20.9%. There was significant statistical association between seronegativity and subjects’ education level and history of previous blood transfusion (p<0.05) but not with age, parity, gravida and gestation age (p>0.05). Findings from our evaluation indicated that many pregnant women were anti-CMV IgG seronegative and thus susceptible to maternal CMV infections. These women have high risk of contacting primary CMV infections and might eventually pose danger to their unborn fetuses in the absence of appropriate preventive. © 2015 Academic Journals Inc.	Antenatal screening; Cytomegalovirus; Pregnant women; Seronegative; Susceptible	Cytomegalovirus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84929282028	Performance profile comparison of the quasi-lumped element resonator antenna	Olokede S.S., Adamariko C.A., Akinyemi A.T.	2015	Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers, Transactions of the Chinese Institute of Engineers,Series A/Chung-kuo Kung Ch'eng Hsuch K'an	38	4	10.1080/02533839.2014.998162	Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Olabisis Onabanjo University, PMB 5026, Ifo, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria; ECAS Telecoms and Systems Nigeria, 5	Olokede, S.S., Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Olabisis Onabanjo University, PMB 5026, Ifo, Ogun State, Nigeria; Adamariko, C.A., Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria; Akinyemi, A.T., ECAS Telecoms and Systems Nigeria, 522 Usoma Close, Maitama, Abuja, Nigeria	The performance profile comparison of the quasi-lumped element resonator antenna is presented. The specific advantages of this antenna are investigated by comparing it to the standard long wire antenna approach, and, in particular, also to the many available differently loaded wire antenna approaches, which are also optimized for maximal radiation efficiency and directivity for example, the capacitively loaded long wire antenna and the planar H-shaped elements loaded transmission line design. It was noted that the quasi-lumped element resonator antenna formed by small interdigital capacitors and line inductors proved to be compact in size with an aperture size of 5.8 × 5.6 mm2 and better directional characteristics. © 2015 The Chinese Institute of Engineers.	antenna; footprint; quasi-lumped; wire	Electric lines; Resonators; Wire; Directional characteristic; footprint; Inter-digital capacitors; Loaded transmission lines; Performance profile; quasi-lumped; Quasi-lumped elements; Radiation efficiency; Antennas	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-69549121611	The evaluation of age-related histomorphometric variables in a cadaver sample of lower socioeconomic status: implications for estimating age at death	Keough N., L'Abbé E.N., Steyn M.	2009	Forensic Science International	191	42372	10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.07.012	Department of Anatomy, University of Pretoria, PO Box 2034, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa	Keough, N., Department of Anatomy, University of Pretoria, PO Box 2034, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; L'Abbé, E.N., Department of Anatomy, University of Pretoria, PO Box 2034, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Steyn, M., Department of Anatomy, University of Pretoria, PO Box 2034, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa	Estimating age at death from adult skeletal remains is a daunting task for human osteologists. For this reason, the evaluation of micro-structural changes in bone with advancing age has become a popular method. However, factors such as nutrition, chronic disease, population group and sex have been suggested to influence the rate of bone turnover, and thus the use of histological methods in providing an accurate age at death has been questioned. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and repeatability of 10 histomorphometric traits used to estimate age. The sample comprised of 146 dissection room cadavers of known sex, age and ancestry (105 males and 41 females). A 0.2 cm × 1.0 cm sample was removed from the anterior surface of the mid-shaft of the femur (opposite the linea aspera), and slides were prepared according to standard methodology. The total osteon count (r = 0.50), the percentage unremodelled bone (r = -0.50), the total number of non-Haversian canals (r = -0.50) and the average percentage of fragmental bone (r = 0.55) had moderate correlations with age, while the total number of measurable osteons (r = 0.43), the total number of osteonal fragments (r = 0.40), the percentage of fragmentary bone (r = 0.37) the average number of lamellae per osteon (r = 0.29), the minimum diameter of the Haversian canals (r = 0.14) and resorption spaces (r = 0.11) had little to no relationship with age. Despite poor correlations with age, eight variables were shown to be highly repeatable (r = 0.74-0.93). Moderate to low correlations with age may be attributed to these variables not being related to age in a progressive and predictable fashion, activity patterns or possible chronic disease in the sample. A databank needs to be compiled from larger samples from various populations in order to more holistically assess the relationship between these variables and age as well as other mitigating factors such as disease, nutrition and population group. © 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	Anterior mid-shaft of the femur; Bone histology; Bone remodelling; Forensic anthropology; Haversian systems; Osteons	adult; age determination; aged; article; bone remodeling; bone structure; cadaver; female; femur shaft; histology; human; human tissue; male; osteometry; priority journal; socioeconomics; time of death; Adult; African Continental Ancestry Group; Age Determination by Skeleton; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bone Remodeling; Cadaver; Female; Femur; Forensic Anthropology; Haversian System; Humans; Linear Models; Male; Middle Aged; Social Class; South Africa; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79952025581	Evaluation of anthelmintic activities of Rumex abyssinicus Jacq and Rumex nervosus Vahl. (polygonaceae)	Jaya Raju N., Yesuf E.A.	2010	International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research	5	2	None	Dept. of Pharmacy, College of Public Health and Medical Sciences, Jimma University, P.B No-378, Jimma, Ethiopia	Jaya Raju, N., Dept. of Pharmacy, College of Public Health and Medical Sciences, Jimma University, P.B No-378, Jimma, Ethiopia; Yesuf, E.A., Dept. of Pharmacy, College of Public Health and Medical Sciences, Jimma University, P.B No-378, Jimma, Ethiopia	Helminthiasis is a disease in which a part of the body is infested with worms such as pinworm, roundworm or tapeworm. Typically, the worms reside in the gastrointestinal tract but may also burrow into the liver and other organs. Rumex abyssinicus Jacq and Rumex nervosus Vahl (polygonaceae) is a large annual herb up to 4m high, leaves usually sagittate, inflorescence much branched, leafless panicle, nut light brown. These plants called in Amharic as Mekmako. Rumex abyssinicus as well as Rumex nervosus of the roots tested for anthelmintic activities. When tested in vitro, showed potent anthelmintic activity on the earthworm, Pheretima posthuma. Methanolic extract of Rumex abyssinicus were more active than its aqueous extract (p<0.001), while methanol extract of Rumex nervosus also more potent than the aqueous extract. Piperazine citrate (20mg/ml) was used as a reference standard.	Anthelmintic activities; Helminthiasis; Rumex abyssinicus; Rumex nervosus	alcohol; anthelmintic agent; piperazine citrate; plant extract; Rumex abyssinicus extract; Rumex nervosus extract; unclassified drug; water; anthelmintic activity; article; concentration response; controlled study; drug determination; drug effect; drug isolation; drug potency; drug screening; earthworm; in vitro study; nonhuman; Pheretima posthuma; plant root; Rumex; Rumex abyssinicus; Rumex nervosus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77957194790	In vitro pharmacological evaluation and phenolic content of ten South African medicinal plants used as anthelmintics	Aremu A.O., Ndhlala A.R., Fawole O.A., Light M.E., Finnie J.F., Van Staden J.	2010	South African Journal of Botany	76	3	10.1016/j.sajb.2010.04.009	Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa	Aremu, A.O., Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Ndhlala, A.R., Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Fawole, O.A., Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Light, M.E., Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Finnie, J.F., Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Van Staden, J., Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa	Helminth infection is regarded as one of the neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). Although the disease is common in rural areas, information on the pharmacology of South African medicinal plants used against this disease is limited. We investigated the efficacy of ten South African medicinal plants against Caenorhabditis elegans. Because of the increased susceptibility of a host to microbial infections and other inflammatory responses associated with helminth infections, the antimicrobial and cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitory activities of the plants were also investigated. Phenolics including flavonoids, condensed tannins and gallotannins have been linked to many pharmacological activities. Thus, the phenolic content of the plant extracts were quantitatively evaluated. In the three bioassays, organic solvent extracts from Cyathea dregei (roots and leaves), Felicia erigeroides (leaves and stems), Hypoxis colchicifolia (leaves) and Senna petersiana (leaves) exhibited noteworthy pharmacological activities while Acokanthera oppositifolia (leaves) had good COX inhibitory activity. The concentration of phenolics ranged from 56.7 to 1.7 mg GAE/g dry matter in Ocimum basilicum and Cotyledon orbiculata var. dactylopsis, respectively. Flavonoids, condensed tannin and gallotannin content also varied greatly among the plant extracts investigated. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.	Anthelmintic; Antimicrobial; Cyclooxygenase inhibition; Phenolic content; South African medicinal plants; Tannin	drug; enzyme activity; infectious disease; medicinal plant; parasitic disease; phenolic compound; plant extract; rural area; tannin; South Africa; Acokanthera oppositifolia; Caenorhabditis elegans; Cotyledon orbiculata; Cyathea; Felicia erigeroides; Hypoxis; Ocimum; Ocimum basilicum; Senna; Vermes	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80455137096	Isolation of 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) methylpropenoate and bioactivity evaluation of Gomphrena celosioides extracts	Dosumua O.O., Idowuc P.A., Onochab P.A., Ekundayob O.	2010	EXCLI Journal	9	None	None	Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Dosumua, O.O., Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Idowuc, P.A., Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Onochab, P.A., Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Ekundayob, O., Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	The efficacy of Gomphrena celosioides extracts in traditional medicine in the treatment of infectious diseases was evaluated by biological assays. The bioactivities of the extracts of this plant were tested against organisms. The ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of the plant displayed inhibition activities on Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi. Methanol extract was active against Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger and Trichophyton species with diameter zones of inhibition between 14 and 20 mm. Fractionation of the methanol extract produced 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) methylpropenoate with mild antimicrobial activity against the test microorganisms. The anthelmintic assay showed ethyl acetate and methanol extracts to be active against Fasciola gigantica, Taenia solium and Pheretima pasthuma. Ethyl acetate was the most toxic of the extracts causing paralysis of Taenia solium within 15 minutes and the death of Fasciola gigantica within 20 minutes of application. The brine shrimp assay gave an LC 50 of 52.15 and 77.98 μg/ml on hexane and methanol extracts respectively. The result of this work corroborated the folkloric use of Gomphrena celosioides in the treatment of infectious diseases.	Anthelmintic; Antimicrobial; Cytotoxicity; Gomphrena celosioides; Phytochemical analysis	3 (4 hydroxyphenyl)methylpropenate; acetic acid ethyl ester; ampicillin; anthelmintic agent; antiinfective agent; Gomphrena celosioides extract; hydroxybenzoic acid derivative; methanol; plant extract; tioconazole; unclassified drug; Amaranthaceae; annelid worm; anthelmintic activity; antibacterial activity; Artemia; article; Aspergillus niger; Bacillus subtilis; Candida albicans; controlled study; cytotoxicity; drug isolation; drug screening; drug structure; Escherichia coli; Fasciola gigantica; Gomphrena celosioides; growth inhibition; LC 50; nonhuman; Pheretima pasthuma; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Salmonella typhi; Staphylococcus aureus; structure analysis; Taenia solium; toxicity testing; Trichophyton; Artemia; Aspergillus niger; Bacillus subtilis; Candida albicans; Escherichia coli; Fasciola gigantica; Gomphrena celosioides; Pheretima; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Salmonella typhi; Staphylococcus aureus; Taenia solium; Trichophyton	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84905511026	Evaluation of anthelmintic activity of Nigerian ethnoveterinary plants; Cassia occidentalis and Guiera senegalensis	Suleiman M.M., Mamman M., Sidiama A., Ighoja E.J., Tauheed M., Talba A.M.	2014	Veterinary World	7	7	10.14202/vetworld.2014.536-541	Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Suleiman, M.M., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Mamman, M., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Sidiama, A., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Ighoja, E.J., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Tauheed, M., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Talba, A.M., Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Aim: This study was designed to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of the stem-barks of Cassia occidentalis and Guiera senegalensis which are used traditionally to treat gastrointestinal helminth infections in goat. Materials and Methods: Phytochemical analysis using standard techniques was used to detect secondary metabolites contained in the plants. In vitro anthelmintic activity of the crude methanol extracts of the plants was determined using egg hatch inhibition test (EHIT) and larval development inhibition assay (LDIA). Results: The extracts of C. occidentalis and G. senegalensis inhibited hatching of eggs and larval development of Haemonchus contortus in a concentration-dependent manner. At concentrations of 0.1,1,10 and 100 mg/ml, the extract of C. occidentalis produced significant (p &lt; 0.05) inhibition of egg hatching oiH. contortus eggs when compared with the untreated (distilled water) control group. C. occidentalis inhibited, by up to 86%, the larval development oiH. contortus. Similarly, the extract of G. senegalensis at concentrations of 10 and 100 mg/ml produced significant (p &lt; 0.05) inhibition of egg hatching of H. contortus eggs and inhibited larval development by up to 85% of the parasite. C. occidentalis (EC50 - 4.23 mg/ml) was found to be more efficacious than G. senegalensis (EC50 = 88.24 mg/ml) against//, contortus eggs. However, G. senegalensis (EC50 - 0.0012 mg/ml) was more effective than C. occidentalis (EC50 = 0.11 mg/ml) against the larvae oiH. contortus. Conclusion: The crude methanol extracts of C. occidentalis and G. senegalensis possess in vitro anthelmintic activity against H. contortus that requires detailed in vivo pharmacological and toxicological trials to justify their use in clinical veterinary practice. © The authors.	Anthelmintic; Cassia occidentalis; Guiera senegalensis; Haemonchus contortus; Medicinal plants	Haemonchus contortus; Senna occidentalis; Vermes	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349678957	The effects of anthelmintic treatments against gastrointestinal nematodes on the performance of breeding ewes and lambs on pasture in semi-arid Kenya	Ng'ang'a C.J., Maingi N., Kanyari P.W.N., Munyua W.K.	2009	Tropical Animal Health and Production	41	6	10.1007/s11250-008-9280-9	Department of Veterinary Pathology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053, 00625 Kangemi, Nairobi, Kenya	Ng'ang'a, C.J., Department of Veterinary Pathology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053, 00625 Kangemi, Nairobi, Kenya; Maingi, N., Department of Veterinary Pathology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053, 00625 Kangemi, Nairobi, Kenya; Kanyari, P.W.N., Department of Veterinary Pathology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053, 00625 Kangemi, Nairobi, Kenya; Munyua, W.K., Department of Veterinary Pathology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053, 00625 Kangemi, Nairobi, Kenya	The effects of anthelmintics treatments in controlling gastrointestinal nematodes in breeding ewes in a semi-arid area of Kenya were determined. The study carried out during two breeding seasons, between June 2000 and December 2001 where albendazole was administered to groups of ewes, 2 weeks before mating, 3 weeks to lambing and mid lactation indicated significantly lower nematode egg counts in treated than untreated groups of ewes. In the first breeding season, reduced rainfall resulted in pasture scarcity and weight loss in both groups of ewes through out the gestation period, but losses were higher for the untreated group. In the second season, both groups of ewes showed a steady increase in weight gain during the gestation period and post-partum, but weight gains were higher in the treated group. In lambs, weight gains at 6 weeks were higher for treated ewes than control groups, in both breeding seasons. The results of this trial indicate that anthelmintic treatments in breeding ewes in the study area are beneficial in reducing gastrointestinal nematode infections and improving performance of the ewes and their lambs. In addition to the treatments, breeding ewes should be given feed supplementation particularly during periods of pasture scarcity. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008.	Anthelmintics; Breeding ewes; Gastrointestinal nematodes; Lambing weights; Weight gains	anthelmintic agent; analysis of variance; animal; animal disease; article; drug effect; gastrointestinal disease; Kenya; nematode; parasitology; sheep; sheep disease; treatment outcome; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Anthelmintics; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Kenya; Nematoda; Sheep; Sheep Diseases; Treatment Outcome; Nematoda; Ovis aries	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349653788	Evaluation of the efficacy of anthelmintics sold on Ethiopian markets against Haemonchus contortus in experimentally infected Sheep	Chaka H., Eguale T., Lidetu D., Gizaw D.	2009	Tropical Animal Health and Production	41	6	10.1007/s11250-008-9287-2	Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Center, P.O. Box 04, Sebeta, Ethiopia	Chaka, H., Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Center, P.O. Box 04, Sebeta, Ethiopia; Eguale, T., Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Center, P.O. Box 04, Sebeta, Ethiopia; Lidetu, D., Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Center, P.O. Box 04, Sebeta, Ethiopia; Gizaw, D., Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Center, P.O. Box 04, Sebeta, Ethiopia	A total of 54 lambs, aged between 6-8 months were experimentally infected with Haemonchus contortus to evaluate the efficacy of different anthelmintic brands sold on Ethiopian markets using the faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) and controlled anthelmintic efficacy trial. Accordingly four different albendazole (Alzole®, Analgon-300®, Albenjung_s® and Ahshialben-300®), two tetramisole (Tetsole® and Ashitetra 600) and two tetramisole-oxyclozanide (Tetraclozan sheep® and Tetraclozash 900®) brands were evaluated at the dosage rates recommended by the manufacturers. Animals were allocated into nine groups of six animals each, and balanced for faecal egg counts (FEC), based on their pre-treatment FEC and treatments were randomized among the groups. One group was kept untreated as a control. Faecal egg count was conducted on day 30 post-infection (day of treatment) and on the 10th day post-treatment. Evaluation of anthelmintics based on FECRT revealed high efficacy (99.55-100% reduction in FEC) for all anthelmintic brands tested against H. contortus. The worm count reduction test using controlled anthelmintic efficacy trial also supported the above finding with 99-100% efficacy of the tested anthelmintics. Therefore, the suspicion on the anthelmintic products as being substandard in quality is not credible, at least, for the brands investigated in this study and it might rather be attributed to under dosing. The need for a good extension system for livestock producers with regard to good anthelmintic usage practices, in light of the inevitable development of anthelminitic resistance, is emphasized. Regular surveillance and laboratory quality evaluation of the anthelmintic products in Ethiopia is indicated. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008.	Anthelmintics; Efficacy; Ethiopia; H. contortus; Sheep	anthelmintic agent; veterinary drug; animal; animal disease; article; comparative study; dose response; evaluation; feces; haemonchosis; Haemonchus; parasitology; sheep; sheep disease; treatment outcome; Animals; Anthelmintics; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Feces; Haemonchiasis; Haemonchus; Sheep; Sheep Diseases; Treatment Outcome; Veterinary Drugs; Animalia; Haemonchus contortus; Ovis aries	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878453373	The effects of two strategic anthelmintic treatments on goat performance under extensive management in a semi-arid area of South Africa	Bakunzi F.R., Motsei L.E., Nyirenda M., Ndou R.V., Mwanza M.	2013	Life Science Journal	10	2	None	Centre of Animal Health Studies, North West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa	Bakunzi, F.R., Centre of Animal Health Studies, North West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; Motsei, L.E., Centre of Animal Health Studies, North West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; Nyirenda, M., Centre of Animal Health Studies, North West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; Ndou, R.V., Centre of Animal Health Studies, North West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; Mwanza, M., Centre of Animal Health Studies, North West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa	A study was carried out in a semi-arid area of the North West province of South Africa from September 2004 to September 2005 to determine the effects anthelmintic treatment before or during the rains on the performance of 60 indigenous female goats. The performance parameters studied were body weight, packed cell volume and faecal nematode egg output. Anthelmintic treatment of goats before and during the rains significantly reduced faecal egg output, and improved body weight and packed cell volume. Overall, anthelmintic treatment before the rains was equal to or better for all the three performance parameters when compared to treatment during the rains. Both treatments yielded better performance in comparison to the control.	Anthelmintic treatment; Goat production; Semi-arid area; Strategic control	Capra hircus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84869504734	Impact of disease frequency and host density on pollination and transmission of an African anther-smut fungus	Curran H.R., Dreyer L.L., Roets F.	2012	Planta	236	6	10.1007/s00425-012-1727-6	Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Curran, H.R., Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Dreyer, L.L., Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Roets, F., Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa	The vast majority of flowering plants rely solely on insects for pollination. A number of pathogens have evolved mechanisms to exploit these close associations and use pollinators as vectors of infective propagules. Factors that affect pollinator movements and successful pollination may in turn also influence successful transmission of fungal spores. Here we investigate the effect of host density and the frequency of diseased Oxalis lanata individuals infected by the anther-smut fungus, Thecaphoracapensis, on the likelihood of receiving pollen and fungal spores. Specifically, we determined the numbers of spores and pollen grains deposited on stigmatic surfaces of selected flowers under natural and standardized conditions where host density and disease frequency varied. The effect of host flower density and diseased flower frequency on pollen and spore transfer was variable under natural conditions and these factors interacted significantly. However, an increase in host density and disease frequency significantly influenced pollen and spore deposits under standardized conditions. The effect of host density was, however, not linear and an optimal flower density for pollen and fungal spore transmission was found. Similar to other systems of vector-borne disease, the transmission of anther-smut of Oxalislanata is more frequency-dependent than density-dependent. This study represents a first step towards understanding the disease transmission process of T. capensis on Oxalis and lays the foundation for future comparative studies between this and other systems to develop and test general hypotheses of disease dynamics in vector-borne disease transmission systems. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.	Anther-smut; Microbotryum violaceum; Oxalis lanata; Spore transmission; Thecaphora capensis	animal; article; Basidiomycetes; fern; flower; fungus spore; growth, development and aging; insect; microbiology; physiology; plant disease; pollen; pollination; reproduction; South Africa; statistical model; statistics; Animals; Basidiomycota; Ferns; Flowers; Insects; Linear Models; Plant Diseases; Pollen; Pollination; Reproduction; South Africa; Spores, Fungal; Bacteria (microorganisms); Fungi; Hexapoda; Magnoliophyta; Microbotryum violaceum; Oxalis; Thecaphora	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77949426625	Evaluation of the in vivo antimalarial activity of ethanolic leaf and stembark extracts of Anthocleista djalonensis	Bassey A.S., Okokon J.E., Etim E.I., Umoh F.U., Bassey E.	2009	Indian Journal of Pharmacology	41	6	10.4103/0253-7613.59924	Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Uyo, Uyo, Ni	Bassey, A.S., Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria; Okokon, J.E., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria; Etim, E.I., Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria; Umoh, F.U., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria; Bassey, E., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria	Objective : To evaluate the in vivo antimalarial activities of ethanolic leaf and stembark extracts of Anthocleista djalonensis used traditionally as malarial remedy in Southern Nigeria in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei berghei. Methods: The ethanolic extracts of the A. djalonensis leaf (1000 - 3000 mg/kg/day) and stembark (220 - 660 mg/kg/day) were screened for blood schizonticidal activity against chloroquine-sensitive P. berghei in mice. The schizonticidal effect during early and established infections was investigated. Results: The A. djalonensis leaf extract (1000 - 3000 mg/kg/day) exhibited a significant antiplasmodial activity both in the 4-day early infection test and in the established infection with a considerable mean survival time, which was incomparable to that of the standard drug, chloroquine (5 mg/kg/day). The stembark extract (220 - 660 mg/kg/day) also demonstrated a promising blood schizontocidal activity in early and established infections. Conclusion: These plant extracts possess considerable antiplasmodial activities, which justify their use in ethnomedicine and can be exploited in malaria therapy.	Anthocleista djalonensis; Antimalarials; Antiplasmodial; P. berghei berghei	alcohol; alkaloid; Anthocleista djalonensis extract; antimalarial agent; cardiac glycoside; chloroquine; flavonoid; phlobatanin; plant extract; plant medicinal product; saponin; sugar; tannin; terpene; unclassified drug; acute toxicity; animal experiment; animal model; anthocleista djalonensis; antimalarial activity; article; bark; controlled study; dose response; drug screening; female; Gentianaceae; male; mouse; Nigeria; nonhuman; parasitemia; plant leaf; plant stem; Plasmodium berghei; Plasmodium berghei infection; schizont; survival time	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-62249134367	High performance liquid chromatography analysis of wine anthocyanins revisited: Effect of particle size and temperature	de Villiers A., Cabooter D., Lynen F., Desmet G., Sandra P.	2009	Journal of Chromatography A	1216	15	10.1016/j.chroma.2009.02.038	University of Stellenbosch, Department of Chemistry, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Chemical Engineering (CHIS-TW), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Ghent University, Department of Organic Chemistry, Krijgslaan 281, S4-bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium	de Villiers, A., University of Stellenbosch, Department of Chemistry, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Cabooter, D., Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Chemical Engineering (CHIS-TW), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Lynen, F., Ghent University, Department of Organic Chemistry, Krijgslaan 281, S4-bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; Desmet, G., Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Chemical Engineering (CHIS-TW), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Sandra, P., Ghent University, Department of Organic Chemistry, Krijgslaan 281, S4-bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium	The complex anthocyanin fraction of red wines poses a demanding analytical challenge. We have found that anthocyanins are characterised by extremely low optimal chromatographic velocities, and as a consequence generic HPLC methods suffer from limited resolving power. Slow on-column inter-conversion reactions, particularly between carbinol and flavylium species, are shown to occur on the same time scale as chromatographic separation, leading to increased plate heights at normal chromatographic velocities. In order to improve current routine HPLC separations, the use of small (1.7 μm) particles and high temperature liquid chromatography (HTLC) were investigated. 1.7 μm particles provide better efficiency and higher optimal linear velocities, although column lengths of ∼20 cm should be used to avoid the detrimental effects of conversion reactions. More importantly, operation at temperatures up to 50 °C increases the kinetics of inter-conversion reactions, and implies significantly improved efficiency under relatively mild analysis conditions. It is further demonstrated using relevant kinetic data that no on-column thermal degradation of these thermally labile compounds is observed at 50 °C and analysis times of <2 h. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Anthocyanins; Elevated temperature; HPLC; Small particles; Thermal degradation; Wine	Anthocyanins; Elevated temperature; HPLC; Small particles; Thermal degradation; Body fluids; Chromatographic analysis; Chromatography; Degradation; High pressure liquid chromatography; Liquids; Methanol; Particle size analysis; Thermal effects; Thermogravimetric analysis; Wine; High performance liquid chromatography; anthocyanin; methanol; article; chemical analysis; food analysis; high performance liquid chromatography; high temperature; particle size; priority journal; wine; Anthocyanins; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Drug Stability; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Particle Size; Plant Extracts; Temperature; Wine	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79959534499	High-efficiency high performance liquid chromatographic analysis of red wine anthocyanins	De Villiers A., Cabooter D., Lynen F., Desmet G., Sandra P.	2011	Journal of Chromatography A	1218	29	10.1016/j.chroma.2011.05.042	Stellenbosch University, Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Chemical Engineering (CHIS-IR), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Ghent University, Department of Organic Chemistry, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium	De Villiers, A., Stellenbosch University, Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Cabooter, D., Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Chemical Engineering (CHIS-IR), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Lynen, F., Stellenbosch University, Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Desmet, G., Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Chemical Engineering (CHIS-IR), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Sandra, P., Ghent University, Department of Organic Chemistry, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium	The analysis of anthocyanins in natural products is of significant relevance in recent times due to the recognised health benefits associated with their consumption. In red grapes and wines in particular, anthocyanins are known to contribute important properties to the sensory (colour and taste), anti-oxidant- and ageing characteristics. However, the detailed investigation of the alteration of these compounds during wine ageing is hampered by the challenges associated with the separation of grape-derived anthocyanins and their derived products. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is primarily used for this purpose, often in combination with mass spectrometric (MS) detection, although conventional HPLC methods provide incomplete resolution. We have previously demonstrated how on-column inter-conversion reactions are responsible for poor chromatographic efficiency in the HPLC analysis of anthocyanins, and how an increase in temperature and decrease in particle size may improve the chromatographic performance. In the current contribution an experimental configuration for the high efficiency analysis of anthocyanins is derived using the kinetic plot method (KPM). Further, it is shown how analysis under optimal conditions, in combination with MS detection, delivers much improved separation and identification of red wine anthocyanins and their derived products. This improved analytical performance holds promise for the in-depth investigation of these influential compounds in wine during ageing. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.	Anthocyanins; High temperature liquid chromatography (HTLC); Kinetic plots; Mass spectrometry; Ultra high pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC); Wine	Analytical performance; Anti-oxidants; Chromatographic performance; Derived products; Health benefits; High efficiency; High-temperature liquid chromatographies; HPLC analysis; HPLC method; In-depth investigation; Kinetic plot method; Kinetic plots; Mass spectrometric detection; MS detection; Natural products; Optimal conditions; Red wine; Separation and identification; Ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography; Wine ageing; Chromatographic analysis; Column chromatography; Efficiency; Fruits; High performance liquid chromatography; High pressure liquid chromatography; Liquids; Mass spectrometry; Particle size analysis; Wine; Anthocyanins; anthocyanin; cyanidin 3 acetylglucoside; cyanidin 3 glucoside; delphinidin 3 (4 coumaroyl)glucoside; delphinidin 3 acetylglucoside; delphinidin 3 glucoside; delphinidin 3,5 diglucoside; malvidin 3 (4 coumaroyl)glucoside; malvidin 3 (caffeoyl) glucoside; malvidin 3 acetylgalactoside; malvidin 3 acetylglucoside; malvidin 3 coumaroyl 5 diglucoside; malvidin 3 galactoside; malvidin 3 glucoside; malvidin 3,5 diglucoside; malvidin 3,7 diglucoside; malvidin delphinidin 2 glucoside; malvidin glucoside malvidin acetylglucoside; malvidin malvidin 2 glucoside; malvidin peonidin 2 glucoside; malvidin petunidin 2 glucoside; peonidin 3 (4 coumaroyl)glucoside; peonidin 3 acetylglucoside; peonidin 3 glucoside; petunidin 3 (4 coumaroyl)glucoside; petunidin 3 acetylglucoside; petunidin 3 glucoside; petunidin 3,5 diglucoside; petunidin 3,7 diglucoside; unclassified drug; unindexed drug; analytic method; article; chemical analysis; controlled study; high performance liquid chromatography; kinetic plot method; mass spectrometry; particle size; priority journal; process optimization; red wine; separation technique; temperature sensitivity; viniculture; Anthocyanins; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Hot Temperature; Kinetics; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Time Factors; Wine; Vitaceae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-28644432743	Semi-commercial evaluation of Bacillus licheniformis to control mango postharvest diseases in South Africa	Govender V., Korsten L., Sivakumar D.	2005	Postharvest Biology and Technology	38	1	10.1016/j.postharvbio.2005.04.005	Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Postharvest Technology Group, Agro and Food Technology Division, Industrial Technology Institute, 363 Baudhaloka Mawatha, Colombo 7, Sri Lanka	Govender, V., Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Korsten, L., Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Sivakumar, D., Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa, Postharvest Technology Group, Agro and Food Technology Division, Industrial Technology Institute, 363 Baudhaloka Mawatha, Colombo 7, Sri Lanka	Efficacy of the biocontrol agent Bacillus licheniformis was evaluated under semi-commercial conditions on a mango packing line to control anthracnose and stem-end rot on the mango cultivar 'Keitt'. Mango fruit were treated with either the biocontrol agent applied in hot water (45°C) followed by a quarter strength prochloraz dip or with the biocontrol agent applied on its own in hot water. These treatments were compared to the untreated control and commercially used prochloraz hot water dip. Treated fruit were dried and waxed on the commercial packing line. Fruit subjected to the prochloraz-biocontrol hot water combination showed reduced anthracnose and stem-end rot incidence after market simulated conditions of low temperature storage at 10°C with 90% RH and at room tempeature (20°C at 75% RH for 7 days). This integrated treatment retained the fruit colour and firmness with high marketability most effectively, compared to the other treatments. The biocontrol agent was effectively recovered from treated fruit after 21 days storage at 10°C, 90% RH (6 log units) and declined to 3 log units after an additional 7 days storage at 20°C, 75% RH. Total recovered bacterial and yeast populations on the fruit surface were higher in fruit subjected to the integrated treatment and held under both storage conditions. In contrast, the total recovered fungal population was higher on untreated control fruit. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Anthracnose; Biocontrol agent; Hot water treatment; Prochloraz; Stem-end rot	Bacillus licheniformis; Bacteria (microorganisms); Mangifera indica	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33646245176	Post-harvest evaluation of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. sp. manihotis on cassava genotypes	Fokunang C.N., Dixon A.G.O.	2006	Plant Pathology Journal	5	1	10.3923/ppj.2006.60.66	International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Oyo Road, Ibadan, Nigeria; 65 Fordwich Place, Sandwich, Kent, CT13 0RA, United Kingdom	Fokunang, C.N., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Oyo Road, Ibadan, Nigeria, 65 Fordwich Place, Sandwich, Kent, CT13 0RA, United Kingdom; Dixon, A.G.O., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Oyo Road, Ibadan, Nigeria	The aim of this study was to evaluate the post-harvest survival of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. sp. manihotis on infected cassava materials. Infected stem cuttings from 5 cassava cultivars 88/01084, 88/01983, 91/00395, 91/00317 and 91/00052, incubated at 25±2°C for 8 months, showed a significant decrease in fungal survival amongst the cassava cultivars. At 8 months incubation fungal recovery was lowest below 10% among the infected cultivars. Cassava stakes, stored at humid conditions under tree shades for 16 months, showed a gradual decrease in fungal survival up to the 10th month, after which survival peaked again from the 12th up to the 16th month of storage. Survival of the fungus on soil significantly reduced with incubation time and at the 6th month of sampling, there was no recovery recorded for all the soils from the field plot sites. Burial of infected materials for 150 days below 20-30 cm depth significantly reduced the survival of C. gloeosporioides f. sp. manihotis on infected materials. Burial at 30 cm depth for 150 days completely eradicated the fungus on the infected cuttings. These studies have shown that C. gloeosporioides f. sp. manihotis could survive on infected cuttings for more than 8 months, but less likely to survive in soil for up to 4 months. The potential of high cassava anthracnose disease transmission in cassava planting materials during storage is also reported. © 2006 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Anthracnose; Cassava; Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. sp. manihotis; Post-harvest	Colletotrichum; Fungi; Glomerella cingulata; Manihot esculenta	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84855200997	Evaluation of Ethiopian sorghum accessions for resistance against Colletotrichum sublineolum	Chala A., Tronsmo A.M.	2012	European Journal of Plant Pathology	132	2	10.1007/s10658-011-9861-8	College of Agriculture, Hawassa University, P.O.Box 5, Hawassa, Ethiopia; Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway; Plant Health and Plant Protection Division, Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research (Bioforsk), Høgskoleveien 7, 1432 Ås, Norway	Chala, A., College of Agriculture, Hawassa University, P.O.Box 5, Hawassa, Ethiopia, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway, Plant Health and Plant Protection Division, Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research (Bioforsk), Høgskoleveien 7, 1432 Ås, Norway; Tronsmo, A.M., Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway	Field experiments were conducted in the 2007 and 2008 cropping seasons in Wolayta, southern Ethiopia, to assess the reaction of 56 Ethiopian sorghum accessions and two susceptible checks (AL70 and BTx623) to anthracnose from naturally occurring inoculum. Final anthracnose severity (FAS), relative area under the disease progress curve (rAUDPC, where a commonly used susceptible cultivar, AL70, was set to 1), and anthracnose progress rate were used as evaluation parameters. All the evaluation parameters revealed significant variation among the tested accessions. In 2007, anthracnose severity varied between 6.6 and 77.7%, and in 2008 it ranged from 9.7% to 76%. The Ethiopian sorghum accessions had rAUDPC ranging from 0.13 to 0.88 in 2007 and from 0.18 to 1.35 in 2008. Anthracnose progress rate varied between 0.02 and 0.06 and from 0.01 to 0.05 units per day in 2007 and 2008, respectively. Results from the three parameters were highly correlated (0.18-0.87), suggesting FAS would be a suitable selection parameter for germplasm screening. Fifteen accessions in 2007 and 18 in 2008 were rated as resistant, with six accessions rated as resistant in both years, suggesting germplasm from Ethiopia would be useful for breeding resistance to anthracnose. © 2011 KNPV.	Anthracnose; Disease progress; Inoculum; Sorghum bicolor	assessment method; cultivar; disease resistance; disease severity; fungal disease; germplasm; inoculation; sorghum; Ethiopia; Colletotrichum; Colletotrichum sublineolum; Sorghum bicolor	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84893978591	Forest monitoring and social media - Complementary data sources for ecosystem surveillance?	Daume S., Albert M., von Gadow K.	2014	Forest Ecology and Management	316	None	10.1016/j.foreco.2013.09.004	Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Büsgenweg 5, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Kräftriket 2B, 114 19 Stockholm, Sweden; Northwest German Forest Research Institute, Grätzelstraße 2, 37079 Göttingen, Germany; Dept. of Forest and Wood Science, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa	Daume, S., Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Büsgenweg 5, 37077 Göttingen, Germany, Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Kräftriket 2B, 114 19 Stockholm, Sweden; Albert, M., Northwest German Forest Research Institute, Grätzelstraße 2, 37079 Göttingen, Germany; von Gadow, K., Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Büsgenweg 5, 37077 Göttingen, Germany, Dept. of Forest and Wood Science, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa	Forest monitoring captures human impacts and other biotic and abiotic influences on forests and is a pre-requisite for the sustainable use and protection of forest ecosystems. Forest inventories for example are a key tool to plan sustainable harvesting, whereas Forest Observational Studies provide the empirical basis for an improved understanding and long-term evaluation of forest ecosystem dynamics. To that end detailed data is collected at stand level, often integrated in larger forest observational networks, which feeds into forest ecosystem models. Forests exist however in a constantly changing societal context and the direct or indirect impact of human activity has become a crucial driver on all types of ecosystems. The Millenium Ecosystem Assessment underlines the linkage between social and ecological systems, highlighting the centrality of ecosystem services to human well-being and the requirement for ecosystem monitoring in the anthropocene to provide a holistic view of ecosystems as social-ecological systems. Framing information about the social context of a forest ecosystem, gaining the expertise and providing resources to collect this type of information is usually outside the scope of data collection for forest inventories and monitoring. Studies in other domains faced a similar challenge and turned to data mining informal online information sources to supplement traditional monitoring and data collection strategies. This paper explores how forest monitoring approaches especially Forest Observational Studies with their long-term and large-scale focus may be complemented by social media mining. We outline (a) how social media mining methods from other domains could be applied to forest monitoring, (b) discuss identification of stakeholders, events and demands on forest ecosystems as examples of social contextual information that could be obtained via this route and (c) explain how this information could be automatically mined from social media, online news and other similar online information sources. The proposed approach is discussed on the basis of examples from a broad set of other domains. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.	Anthropocene; Forest ecosystem services; Forest monitoring; Forest observational studies; Social media mining; Societal context	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84857499451	Impact of land-use patterns on chemical properties of trace elements in soils of rural, semi-urban, and urban zones of the Niger Delta, Nigeria	Iwegbue C.M.A., Nwajei G.E., Eguavoen O.I.	2012	Soil and Sediment Contamination	21	1	10.1080/15320383.2012.636772	Department of Chemistry, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria	Iwegbue, C.M.A., Department of Chemistry, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria; Nwajei, G.E., Department of Chemistry, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria; Eguavoen, O.I., Department of Chemistry, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria	The study of the concentrations of Cr, Zn, Cd, Pb, Ni, and Cu in soils under different land uses in rural, semi-urban, and urban zones in the Niger Delta was carried out with a view to providing information on the effects of the different land uses on the concentrations of trace elements in soils. Our results indicate significant variability in concentrations of these metals in soils under different land uses in rural, semi-urban, and urban zones. The maximum concentrations of metals in the examined soil samples were 707.5 mg.kg -1, 161.0 mg.kg -1, 2.6 mg.kg -1, 59.6 mg.kg -1, 1061.3 mg.kg -1, and 189.2 mg.kg -1 for Cr, Zn, Cd, Pb, Ni, and Cu, respectively. In the rural zone, the cassava processing mill is a potent source of Ni, Cr, Cu, and Zn while agricultural activities are a source of Cd, and automobile emissions and the use of lead oxide batteries constitute the major sources of Pb. In the urban zone, soils around the wood processing mill showed elevated concentrations of Cu, Cr, Zn, and Ni, while soils around automobile mechanic works and motor parks showed elevated levels of Pb. Elevated Cd concentrations were observed in soils under the following land uses: urban motor park, playground, welding and fabrication sheds, and metallic scrap dump. The contamination/pollution index of metals in the soil follows the order: Ni &gt; Cd &gt; Cr &gt; Zn &gt; Cu &gt; Pb. The multiple pollution index of metals at different sites were greater than 1, indicating that these soils fit into "slight pollution" to "excessive pollution" ranges with significant contributions from Cr, Zn, Cd, Ni, and Cu. © Taylor &amp; Francis Group, LLC.	Anthropogenic activities; Contamination/pollution index; Heavy metals; Land uses; Surface soil	Agricultural activities; Anthropogenic activity; Automobile emission; Cd concentrations; Elements in soil; Elevated concentrations; Elevated level; Land-use patterns; Niger Delta; Nigeria; Pollution index; Soil sample; Surface soil; Urban zones; Wood processing; Cadmium; Chemical properties; Copper; Heavy metals; Land use; Lead; Metals; Soils; Zinc; Soil pollution; Manihot esculenta	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-56749160093	Impacts of natural and anthropogenic multiple sources of pollution on the environmental conditions of Ondo State coastal water, Nigeria	Adebowale K.O., Agunbiade F.O., Olu-Owolabi B.I.	2008	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	7	4	None	Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Adebowale, K.O., Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Agunbiade, F.O., Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Olu-Owolabi, B.I., Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	The pollution status of the coastal water of Ondo State, Nigeria was investigated and found to be stressed by pollutants from both anthropogenic and natural sources. Solids (total solids, total dissolved solids, and total suspended solids), alkalinity, hardness, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical and chemical oxygen demand were evaluated as measures of environmental pollution of the area. Also, some ionic and metal components were analysed. Principal component analysis and linear correlation model of the data revealed that the coastal water was negatively impacted by pollutants from related anthropogenic sources and natural sources and that atmospheric precipitation and tidal activities ensure the perfect mix of the pollutants across the site. Seawater intrusion and erosion of the soil into the coastal water are natural activities stressing the water that it may not support uses. The observed DO of the water system was high (mean value - 7.85mgO2/L) due to tidal agitation while the BOD also were lower than 3mgO2/L in most sites. However, the concentrations of chloride and sulphate in the water system were on the high side ranging from 13,074-17,366mg/L and 2,119 - 3,143mg/L respectively. The metal components investigated were beneficial to human health but exist in concentration too high for human consumption. Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn were found to be anthropogenic metals from related sources in this coastal area having correlated positively and significantly with measures of organic matter and each other. There were also indications of natural contributions of Fe, Mn &amp; Cu from the soil of the coastal area. Therefore, there is a growing need to monitor and control the release of pollutant into the coastal water system of developing countries having been overlooked.	Anthropogenic activities; Metals; Ondo Coast; PCA; Pollution; Water quality	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-69549113116	Impact of anthropogenic activities on the Densu River in Ghana	Fianko J.R., Osae S., Achel D.	2009	Water and Environment Journal	23	3	10.1111/j.1747-6593.2008.00137.x	Department of Chemistry, NNRI/GAEC, PO Box LG 80, Legon, Accra, Ghana	Fianko, J.R., Department of Chemistry, NNRI/GAEC, PO Box LG 80, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Osae, S., Department of Chemistry, NNRI/GAEC, PO Box LG 80, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Achel, D., Department of Chemistry, NNRI/GAEC, PO Box LG 80, Legon, Accra, Ghana	A detailed study has been carried out on the Densu River and its tributaries to identify the chemical characteristics of the water, examine the hydrological connections among the land cover types and evaluate the relative contributions of anthropogenic activities to the river's pollution. The results indicate that sites closer to the most urbanized, industrialized and agricultural areas are severely impaired. The river water was found to vary considerably in terms of chemical and physical properties. The water was slightly alkaline, brackish to fresh and of mixed Ca-Na-HCO3 and Ca-HCO3 types. Nutrient and organic matter were found to be the most frequent cause of pollution of the river. Pollution has reached such a proportion that it has destroyed the aquatic ecosystem in most exposed sections of the river. © 2008 The Author. Journal compilation © 2008 CIWEM.	Anthropogenic activity; Densu River; Ghana; Physico-chemical analysis; Pollution	Agricultural areas; Anthropogenic activity; Aquatic ecosystem; Chemical characteristic; Densu River; Ghana; Land-cover types; Organic matter; Physico-chemical analysis; Relative contribution; River water; Calcium; Chemicals; Organic compounds; Pollution; Rivers; Sodium; River pollution; bicarbonate; calcium; chloride; magnesium; nitrate; organic matter; phosphate; potassium; sodium; sulfur; agricultural land; aquatic ecosystem; human activity; hydrology; land cover; organic matter; physical property; physicochemical property; river water; water pollution; agriculture; alkalinity; article; electric conductivity; Ghana; industrial area; meteorological phenomena; pH; priority journal; river; urban area; water analysis; water content; water hardness; water pollution; water quality; water temperature; Africa; Densu River; Ghana; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77951263642	Pollution assessment of the impact of industrial effluents on the qualities of surface water and sediments of River Ona in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria	Nubi O.A., Nubi A.T.	2010	World Review of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development	7	4	10.1504/WRSTSD.2010.032746	Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research, P.M.B. 12729, Victoria Island, Lagos, Nigeria; Environmental Laboratories Limited, P.O. Box 15104, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria	Nubi, O.A., Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research, P.M.B. 12729, Victoria Island, Lagos, Nigeria; Nubi, A.T., Environmental Laboratories Limited, P.O. Box 15104, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria	River Ona, a major river in Ibadan, into which industries discharge their effluents, was studied to assess the impact of the industrial discharge. The mean levels for some parameters gave evidence of pollution. The mean values for DO (4.9 ± 0.3 mg/l), COD (54.5 ± 0.5 mg/l), PO4 3- (0.47 ± 0.09 mg/l), SO4 2- (20.65 ± 0.85 mg/l) were reported for the upstream region, while the downstream mean values for same parameters gave 3.72 ± 0.37 mg/l, 211.20 ± 59.6 mg/l, 1.06 ± 0.20 mg/l and 23.62 ± 3.20 mg/l, respectively. The effluent was also analysed, and the results obtained confirmed that the effluent was not the only source of pollutants in the river. Copyright © 2010 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.	Anthropogenic; Discharge; Impact; Industrial effluent; Pollution	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84943228551	The hustle and bustle of city life: Monitoring the effects of urbanisation in the African lesser bushbaby	Scheun J., Bennett N.C., Ganswindt A., Nowack J.	2015	Science of Nature	102	9	10.1007/s00114-015-1305-4	Endocrine Research Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; National Zoological Gardens of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Animal Ecology and Conservation, Biocentre Grindel, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; School of Environmental and Rural Science, Zoology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia	Scheun, J., Endocrine Research Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, South Africa, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Bennett, N.C., Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Ganswindt, A., Endocrine Research Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, South Africa, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa, National Zoological Gardens of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa; Nowack, J., Department of Animal Ecology and Conservation, Biocentre Grindel, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, School of Environmental and Rural Science, Zoology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia	Urbanisation has become a severe threat to pristine natural areas, causing habitat loss and affecting indigenous animals. Species occurring within an urban fragmented landscape must cope with changes in vegetation type as well as high degrees of anthropogenic disturbance, both of which are possible key mechanisms contributing to behavioural changes and perceived stressors. We attempted to elucidate the effects of urbanisation on the African lesser bushbaby, Galago moholi, by (1) recording activity budgets and body condition (body mass index, BMI) of individuals of urban and rural populations and (2) further determining adrenocortical activity in both populations as a measure of stress via faecal glucocorticoid metabolite (fGCM) levels, following successful validation of an appropriate enzyme immunoassay test system (adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) challenge test).We found that both sexes of the urban population had significantly higher BMIs than their rural counterparts, while urban females had significantly higher fGCM concentrations than rural females. While individuals in the urban population fed mainly on provisioned anthropogenic food sources and spent comparatively more time resting and engaging in aggressive interactions, rural individuals fed almost exclusively on tree exudates and spent more time moving between food sources. Although interactions with humans are likely to be lower in nocturnal than in diurnal species, our findings show that the impact of urbanisation on nocturnal species is still considerable, affecting a range of ecological and physiological aspects. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015.	Anthropogenic disturbance; Faecal glucocorticoids; Increased weight; Provisioned food	aggregation behavior; behavioral ecology; body condition; body mass; environmental disturbance; environmental monitoring; habitat conservation; habitat fragmentation; habitat loss; hormone; immunoassay; metabolite; nocturnal activity; primate; pristine environment; record; rural population; urban area; urban population; urbanization; Africa; Animalia; Galago moholi	DA1031/3-1/2, DFG, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
Scopus	2-s2.0-58149100167	The impacts of anthropogenic factors on the environment in Nigeria	Madu I.A.	2009	Journal of Environmental Management	90	3	10.1016/j.jenvman.2008.08.009	Department of Geography, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria	Madu, I.A., Department of Geography, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria	Generally speaking, there has been a consensus on the primary drivers of anthropogenic induced environmental degradation. However, little progress has been made in determining the magnitude of the impacts, particularly in developing countries. This creates a lacuna that needs to be filled up. The purpose of this study therefore is to ascertain the degree of anthropogenic induced environmental impacts in Nigeria. To achieve the aim, fossil fuel consumption was used as a surrogate for carbon dioxide emissions while the magnitude of the impacts was determined by regression statistics and the STIRPAT model. The results show that only three variables, namely population, affluence and urbanization, were statistically significant and that the regression model accounts for 60% of the variation in the environmental impacts. However, population and affluence, which have ecological elasticities of 1.699 and 2.709, respectively, are the most important anthropogenic drivers of environmental impacts in Nigeria while urbanization, with an elasticity of -0.570, reduces the effect of the impacts. This implies that modernization brings about a reduction in environmental impacts. The paper therefore makes a significant contribution to knowledge by successfully testing the STIRPAT model in this part of the world and by being the first application of the model at political units below the regional or nation states. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Anthropogenic drivers; Ecological elasticity; Environment and development; Environmental impacts; Urbanization	anthropogenic effect; carbon dioxide; carbon emission; developing world; elasticity; environmental degradation; environmental impact; fossil fuel; modernization; nature-society relations; urbanization; Conservation of Natural Resources; Environment; Environmental Monitoring; Human Activities; Humans; Nigeria; Africa; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Lacuna	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33646161233	Modelled surface ozone over southern Africa during the Cross Border Air Pollution Impact Assessment Project	Zunckel M., Koosailee A., Yarwood G., Maure G., Venjonoka K., van Tienhoven A.M., Otter L.	2006	Environmental Modelling and Software	21	7	10.1016/j.envsoft.2005.04.004	CSIR Environmentek, P.O. Box 17001, Congella 4013 Durban, South Africa; ENVIRON International Corporation, 101 Rowland Way, Novato, CA 94945, United States; Department of Physics, Eduardo Mondlane University, Box 257, Maputo, Mozambique; Ministry of Environment, Wildlife and Tourism, Private Bag BR132, Gaborone, Botswana; Climatology Research Group, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa; Sasol Synfuels, Private Bag X1000, Secunda, 2302, South Africa	Zunckel, M., CSIR Environmentek, P.O. Box 17001, Congella 4013 Durban, South Africa; Koosailee, A., CSIR Environmentek, P.O. Box 17001, Congella 4013 Durban, South Africa, Sasol Synfuels, Private Bag X1000, Secunda, 2302, South Africa; Yarwood, G., ENVIRON International Corporation, 101 Rowland Way, Novato, CA 94945, United States; Maure, G., Department of Physics, Eduardo Mondlane University, Box 257, Maputo, Mozambique; Venjonoka, K., Ministry of Environment, Wildlife and Tourism, Private Bag BR132, Gaborone, Botswana; van Tienhoven, A.M., CSIR Environmentek, P.O. Box 17001, Congella 4013 Durban, South Africa; Otter, L., Climatology Research Group, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa	Monitoring of surface ozone over southern Africa has shown that ambient concentrations often exceed a threshold of 40 ppb at which damage to vegetation by ozone could be expected. The Cross Border Air Pollution Assessment Project (CAPIA) was therefore established to assess the potential impacts of ozone on maize, a staple food crop, in five southern African countries. Measured surface ozone data are scare in the region so it was necessary to complement the monitoring with regional-scale photochemical modelling to achieve the objective. The Pennsylvania State and NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5) is used to produce gridded meteorological data for 5 days in each month of the maize growing season, October to April, as input to the photochemical model, CAMx. Gridded anthropogenic emissions from industry, transport and domestic burning and gridded biogenic emissions from soils and vegetation are input to CAMx. The model estimations indicate large areas on the sub-continent where surface ozone concentrations exceed 40 ppb for up to 10 h per day. Maximum concentrations may exceed 80 ppb, particularly in the winter when mean ozone concentrations are higher. The areas where the 40 ppb threshold is exceeded coincide with maize growing areas in South Africa and Zimbabwe. It appears that neither anthropogenic emissions nor biogenic emissions are dominant in the production of surface ozone over southern Africa. Rather the formation of surface ozone over the region is attributed to the combined contribution of precursors from anthropogenic and biogenic origin. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Anthropogenic emissions; Biogenic emissions; Botswana; CAMx; CAPIA; Maize; MM5; Mozambique; Photochemical modelling; South Africa; Zambia; Zimbabwe	Condition monitoring; Environmental impact; Ozone; Project management; Regional planning; Vegetation; Anthropogenic emissions; Biogenic emissions; CAMx; Cross Border Air Pollution Assessment Project (CAPIA); MM5; Photochemical modeling; Air pollution; anthropogenic effect; atmospheric pollution; biogenic emission; maize; Meteosat; ozone; Africa; Botswana; Mozambique; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Zambia; Zimbabwe; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84868676563	Using multivariate techniques to evaluate impact of coal mining on river Achokpa stream sediments	Ameh E.G., Omali A.O., Imeokparia E.G.	2011	International Journal of Applied Environmental Sciences	6	3	None	Earth Sciences Dept., Kogi State University, P.M.B.1008 Anyigba, Nigeria; Dept. of Geology, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin- City, Nigeria	Ameh, E.G., Earth Sciences Dept., Kogi State University, P.M.B.1008 Anyigba, Nigeria; Omali, A.O., Earth Sciences Dept., Kogi State University, P.M.B.1008 Anyigba, Nigeria; Imeokparia, E.G., Dept. of Geology, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin- City, Nigeria	Parameters analysed shows strong, positive correlation between Cu and Zn, Cu and Pb; moderate correlation was observed between Pb and Ni; weak correlation between Fe and Cu; Fe and Zn. Moderate to weak correlations exist between Mg and Cd, Mg and Zn, Mg and Cu and moderate to weak negative correlations were observed between Ca and Mg, Ca and Cu, Na and K, Na and Pb, Na and Ni. Anthropogenic factor (AF) revealed 96.52% for Pb, 93.39% for Cu, 85.39% for Cu, 81.22 for Zn, 75.27% for Ni and 58.36% for Cd. Factor analysis show that factor one has 26.48% of variance with high loadings of Pb and Ni. Factor two accounts for 25.33% of variance with high to moderate loading for Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn and Pb while factors three and four accounted for 21.13% and 18.72% of variance with moderate loadings of Mg and Cu; Na and Fe respectively. R-mode cluster analysis revealed three clusters: cluster one consists of Cu, Pb, Mg and Zn; cluster two is made up of Na, Fe and Cd and cluster three consists of K, Ni and Ca. Q-mode cluster analysis extracted two clusters: cluster one consists of locations OK06,OK10, OK04, OK09, OK01 and OK05 while cluster two include OK02 and OK03. EF shows that Zn has the highest EF in almost all locations, followed by Pb, Ni, Cu and Cd. Fe has the least impact and all locations except OK01 is not impacted by these heavy metals. Igeo index revealed Pb has the highest Igeo index in all locations, followed by Cu, and Fe. Cd has the least contamination. These heavy metals are highest at locations OK06, OK05, OK04, OK03, and OK02. CF index indicates Pb to be the most contaminated of all heavy metals, followed by Cu and Fe. The least metal is Cd. Most affected locations are OK05, OK06, OK04, OK03, OK02, OK01 and OK08. PLI shows progressive deterioration of all sites with locations OK06, Ok05, OK04, OK03 and OK02 as the most affected. © Research India Publications.	Anthropogenic; Enrichment factor; Geo-accumulation index; Multivariate analysis	Anthropogenic; Anthropogenic factors; Coal mining; Enrichment factors; Geo-accumulation index; High loadings; Multi variate analysis; Multivariate techniques; Negative correlation; Positive correlations; Stream sediments; Weak correlation; Cadmium; Cadmium compounds; Calcium; Cluster analysis; Coal mines; Lead; Loading; Multivariant analysis; Sodium; Zinc; Copper; cluster analysis; enrichment; environmental impact; factor analysis; fluvial deposit; geoaccumulation index; heavy metal; loading; multivariate analysis; sediment pollution	None
None	None	Evaluation of self-care practices and emotional distress among people with Type 2 diabetes mellitus in dar es salaam, tanzania	Mosha T.C.E., Rashidi H.	2009	Ecology of Food and Nutrition	48	2	10.1080/03670240802577457	Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania; Department of Clinical Nursing, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Mosha, T.C.E., Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania; Rashidi, H., Department of Clinical Nursing, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	This study was conducted to determine self-care practices and diabetes related emotional distress among people with Type 2 diabetes mellitus in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. A cross sectional survey-involving 121 Types 2 diabetics was conducted in 4 diabetic clinics located in Dar es Salaam. Anthropometric and biomedical measurements namely weight, height, waist, hip, mid-upper arm circumference, blood pressure and fasting blood glucose were measured. Self-care practices and diabetic related emotion distress were evaluated by using validated instruments. Results revealed that, the average fasting plasma glucose was 11.2 ± 5.5 mmol/l, blood pressure was 134.7/86.1 mm/Hg and the mean BMI for males and females were 25.0 ± 4.3 and 27.0 ± 5.1 kg/m2, respectively. Subject's self-care score for general diet, specific diet, physical exercise, foot-care and medication were 4.6 ± 2.4, 3.7 ± 1.5, 3.4 ± 1.8, 3.6 v 2.8 and 5.5 ± 2.8 days per week, respectively. Self-monitoring of blood glucose was irregular and only 46.3% of the subjects tested their levels of blood glucose at least once in between the appointments (90 days). Low income was the major limitation for complying with the self-care practices related to diet, blood glucose testing and medication. It is recommended that, the Government of Tanzania should in the short run subsidize the prices of diabetes drugs, remove all taxes on the glucose test kits and establish a national diabetes program that would coordinate and oversee provision of the basic services such as screening, glucose testing, medication, counseling and management of the condition. In the long run, the government should establish a preventive public health program in order to curtail the escalation of diabetes. Further research should be conducted to determine how factors such as socio-cultural and demographic, self-care, and psychosocial distress interact to determine biomedical outcomes such as blood pressure, blood glucose and body mass index.	Anthropometric and biomedical measurements; Blood pressure; Emotion distress; Fasting blood glucose; Foot-care; Self-care practices; Type 2 diabetes mellitus	drug; body mass; diabetes; glucose; public health; adult; aged; article; blood glucose monitoring; blood pressure; body mass; cross-sectional study; diet; emotion; exercise; female; glucose blood level; human; male; mental stress; metabolism; middle aged; non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus; poverty; psychological aspect; self care; Tanzania; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Emotions; Exercise; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Poverty; Self Care; Stress, Psychological; Tanzania; Africa; Dar es Salaam [Tanzania]; East Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Tanzania	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84893907742	Evaluation of some anthropometric indices for the diagnosis of obesity in pregnancy in Nigeria: A cross-sectional study	Okereke C.E., Anyaehie U.B., Dim C.C., Iyare E.E., Nwagha U.I.	2013	African Health Sciences	13	4	10.4314/ahs.v13i4.25	Department of Physiology, College of Medicine University of Nigeria Enugu campus (UNEC), Enugu, Nigeria; Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology/Physiology, College of Medicine UNEC, Enugu, Nigeria	Okereke, C.E., Department of Physiology, College of Medicine University of Nigeria Enugu campus (UNEC), Enugu, Nigeria; Anyaehie, U.B., Department of Physiology, College of Medicine University of Nigeria Enugu campus (UNEC), Enugu, Nigeria; Dim, C.C., Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology/Physiology, College of Medicine UNEC, Enugu, Nigeria; Iyare, E.E., Department of Physiology, College of Medicine University of Nigeria Enugu campus (UNEC), Enugu, Nigeria; Nwagha, U.I., Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology/Physiology, College of Medicine UNEC, Enugu, Nigeria	Background: Obesity in pregnancy is a global health problem which is associated with poor pregnancy outcomes. The use of weight and height, measured at about ten weeks of gestation, to produce pre-gestational body mass index is recommended for the diagnoses of the condition but limitations abound in under resourced settings. Objectives: To measure anthropometric indices such as mid upper arm circumference, calf circumference, waist circumference and waist to hip ratio, for identification of obesity in pregnancy. Methods: Anthropometric measurements were carried out on cohorts of pregnant women from 4 hospitals in Enugu, South-eastern Nigeria. Results: There were no significant difference in the mean mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) and calf circumference (CC) across the trimester groups. The mean values of waist circumferences, hip circumference and waist to hip ratios changed significantly across the trimesters. The 75th percentile of MUAC (33 cm) and CC (39 cm) in all trimesters, had sensitivity and specificity of more than 70% for identifying obesity in pregnancy. Conclusion: MUAC and CC values of 33cm and 39cm respectively might be reliable cut off points for diagnoses of obesity throughout pregnancy in Enugu, Nigeria.	Anthropometric indices; Body mass index; Nigeria; Obesity; Oregnancy	adolescent; adult; anatomy and histology; anthropometry; arm; body composition; body mass; cross-sectional study; evaluation study; female; human; Nigeria; obesity; pregnancy; procedures; sensitivity and specificity; waist circumference; waist hip ratio; young adult; Adolescent; Adult; Anthropometry; Arm; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Nigeria; Obesity; Pregnancy; Sensitivity and Specificity; Waist Circumference; Waist-Hip Ratio; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953450660	Evaluation of the nutritional status of primary 1 Pupils in Abeokuta South Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria	Olusoga O.J., Abisola R.S., Oluwakemi C.S.	2008	Research Journal of Medical Sciences	2	2	None	Unit of Home Economics, Department of Vocational and Technical Education, Tai Solarin University of Education, Ijebu-Ode, Nigeria	Olusoga, O.J., Unit of Home Economics, Department of Vocational and Technical Education, Tai Solarin University of Education, Ijebu-Ode, Nigeria; Abisola, R.S., Unit of Home Economics, Department of Vocational and Technical Education, Tai Solarin University of Education, Ijebu-Ode, Nigeria; Oluwakemi, C.S., Unit of Home Economics, Department of Vocational and Technical Education, Tai Solarin University of Education, Ijebu-Ode, Nigeria	The nutritional status of 542 primary pupils from different socio-economic classes in Abeokuta South Local Government of Ogun State was studied. Weight for age; height for age and weight for eight anthropometric parameters were employed. The data obtained were compared with the United States National Centre for Health Statistics (NCHS) reference population. When all the pupils studied were considered together, 51.7, 48.6 and 1.3% were underweight, stunted, wasted and overweight, respectively. When pupils were considered based on sex and school type, significantly (p<0.05) higher percentage of pupils from low socioeconomic status (Type I schools) were underweight (74.7%), stunted (64.6%) and wasted (23.4%) than from the medium (Type II schools) and upper socioeconomic status (Type III schools). However, the prevalence of overweight was significantly (p<0.05) higher among pupils from upper socioeconomic status. Also, significantly (p<0.05) more boys were underweight, stunted and wasted than female within pupils from each socioeconomic status. There is therefore, the need for Nigerian government to address the twin issue of widespread poverty and unemployment in the country with a view to improving the socioeconomic status of parents, which will ultimately translate to improved nutritional status among the school children. © Medwell Journals, 2008.	Anthropometric parameters; Nutritional satus; Primary school pupil	anthropometry; article; body height; body weight; child; controlled study; female; growth disorder; health statistics; human; major clinical study; male; Nigeria; nutritional assessment; nutritional status; obesity; poverty; prevalence; primary school; sex difference; socioeconomics; underweight; unemployment; wasting syndrome	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84901617670	Evaluation of the relationship between handgrip strength with some anthropometries among nigerian secondary school students	Ibegbu A.O., Baita M.B., Hamman W.O., Emmanuel U.U., Musa S.A.	2014	Anthropologist	17	3	None	Department of Human Anatomy, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria	Ibegbu, A.O., Department of Human Anatomy, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria; Baita, M.B., Department of Human Anatomy, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria; Hamman, W.O., Department of Human Anatomy, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria; Emmanuel, U.U., Department of Human Anatomy, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria; Musa, S.A., Department of Human Anatomy, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria	The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between handgrip strength and some anthropometric variables in 400 randomly selected Secondary School Students in Kano, Nigeria. The students were from two secondary schools and were aged 14-18 years with mean age of 16.00±1.35. The anthropometric variables namely, the height, weight, BMI, hand width and length, upper and lower arm length, mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) and handgrip strength were measured using standard anthropometric measurement techniques. The results from the present study showed that male students had higher mean values in seven variables namely, the height (16.00±1.35kg), weight (46.34±8.30cm), hand length (19.34±0.98cm), hand width (10.45±0.90cm), forearm length (27.93±1.92cm), arm length (31.93±2.46cm), handgrip strength (35.63±17.17), and lower mean values in two variables namely, BMI (17.45±2.30) and MUAC (24.23±2.26cm). In male students, handgrip strength had significant positive correlations (Pd"0.01) with all the variables studied while in the female students, handgrip strength had a significant positive correlation (P<0.01) with some of the variables studied. It may be concluded that handgrip strength had strong positive correlations with all the anthropometric variables studied in Nigerian Secondary School Students of Kano metropolis. © Kamla-Raj 2014.	Anthropometric variables; Hand; Handgrip; Height; Kano; Students; Weight	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84885961613	Structural vascular disease in africans: Performance of ethnic-specific waist circumference cut points using logistic regression and neural network analyses: The SABPA study	Botha J., De Ridder J.H., Potgieter J.C., Steyn H.S., Malan L.	2013	Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology and Diabetes	121	9	10.1055/s-0033-1351289	Physical Activity Sport and Recreation (PhASRec), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; School for Psychosocial Behavioural Science, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Statistical Consultation Service, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Private Bag X6001, 2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa	Botha, J., Physical Activity Sport and Recreation (PhASRec), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; De Ridder, J.H., Physical Activity Sport and Recreation (PhASRec), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Potgieter, J.C., School for Psychosocial Behavioural Science, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Steyn, H.S., Statistical Consultation Service, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Malan, L., Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Private Bag X6001, 2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa	A recently proposed model for waist circumference cut points (RPWC), driven by increased blood pressure, was demonstrated in an African population. We therefore aimed to validate the RPWC by comparing the RPWC and the Joint Statement Consensus (JSC) models via Logistic Regression (LR) and Neural Networks (NN) analyses. Urban African gender groups (N=171) were stratified according to the JSC and RPWC cut point models. Ultrasound carotid intima media thickness (CIMT), blood pressure (BP) and fasting bloods (glucose, high density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglycerides) were obtained in a well-controlled setting. The RPWC male model (LR ROC AUC: 0.71, NN ROC AUC: 0.71) was practically equal to the JSC model (LR ROC AUC: 0.71, NN ROC AUC: 0.69) to predict structural vascular disease. Similarly, the female RPWC model (LR ROC AUC: 0.84, NN ROC AUC: 0.82) and JSC model (LR ROC AUC: 0.82, NN ROC AUC: 0.81) equally predicted CIMT as surrogate marker for structural vascular disease. Odds ratios supported validity where prediction of CIMT revealed clinical significance, well over 1, for both the JSC and RPWC models in African males and females (OR 3.75-13.98). In conclusion, the proposed RPWC model was substantially validated utilizing linear and non-linear analyses. We therefore propose ethnic-specific WC cut points (African males, ≥90 cm; -females, ≥98 cm) to predict a surrogate marker for structural vascular disease. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.	anthropometry; central obesity; ethnicity; logistic regression; neural networks	gamma glutamyltransferase; glucose; high density lipoprotein; triacylglycerol; adult; Africa; aged; arterial wall thickness; article; artificial neural network; blood pressure measurement; body mass; cardiovascular risk; carotid artery; diastolic blood pressure; disease marker; energy expenditure; ethnicity; female; gamma glutamyl transferase blood level; glucose blood level; human; human tissue; logistic regression analysis; male; normal human; physical activity; priority journal; systolic blood pressure; triacylglycerol blood level; vascular disease; waist circumference; Adult; Africa; Aged; Biological Markers; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; Female; Humans; Linear Models; Lipoproteins, HDL; Logistic Models; Male; Middle Aged; Models, Statistical; Neural Networks (Computer); Nonlinear Dynamics; Odds Ratio; Reproducibility of Results; ROC Curve; Sex Characteristics; Triglycerides; Urban Population; Vascular Diseases; Waist Circumference; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77957960545	Preliminary evaluation of the Moyo chart-a novel, low-cost, weight-for-height slide chart for the improved assessment of nutritional status in children	Sikorski C., Kerac M., Fikremariam M., Seal A.	2010	Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene	104	11	10.1016/j.trstmh.2010.07.013	University College London Medical School, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; UCL Centre for International Health and Development, Institute of Child Health, Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom; St Paul's Millennium Medical School, University of Addis Ababa, PO Box 1271, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Sikorski, C., University College London Medical School, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; Kerac, M., UCL Centre for International Health and Development, Institute of Child Health, Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom; Fikremariam, M., St Paul's Millennium Medical School, University of Addis Ababa, PO Box 1271, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Seal, A., UCL Centre for International Health and Development, Institute of Child Health, Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom	The Moyo chart is a novel weight-for-height slide chart. We explore the hypothesis that it improves accuracy, speed and ease of nutritional assessment compared with traditional lookup tables. In a crossover randomised controlled trial, 61 medical students in Ethiopia diagnosed hypothetical cases of severe acute malnutrition, moderate acute malnutrition and normal nutrition in children. Mean accuracy of nutritional status diagnosis was 83.2% using the Moyo chart and 76.1% using lookup tables (P = 0.011). There was a trend towards a reduced time per correct diagnosis using the Moyo chart and 78% of participants preferred using it. These preliminary results suggest that the Moyo chart may aid frontline health workers classifying child nutritional status. © 2010 Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.	Anthropometry; Child health; Diagnosis; Ethiopia; Malnutrition; Nutrition	accuracy; anthropometric parameters; article; body height; body weight; controlled study; diagnostic accuracy; diagnostic value; Ethiopia; evaluation; human; human experiment; malnutrition; moyo chart; normal human; nutritional assessment; nutritional status; Body Height; Body Weight; Child; Child, Preschool; Cross-Over Studies; Ethiopia; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Malnutrition; Nutrition Assessment; Nutritional Status; Program Evaluation; Reference Values	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84875055160	Nutritional status and cognitive performance of mother-child pairs in Sidama, Southern Ethiopia	Bogale A., Stoecker B.J., Kennedy T., Hubbs-Tait L., Thomas D., Abebe Y., Hambidge K.M.	2013	Maternal and Child Nutrition	9	2	10.1111/j.1740-8709.2011.00345.x	Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States; Human Development and Family Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States; Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States; College of Agriculture, Hawassa University, Awassa, Ethiopia; School of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States	Bogale, A., Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States, College of Agriculture, Hawassa University, Awassa, Ethiopia; Stoecker, B.J., Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States; Kennedy, T., Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States; Hubbs-Tait, L., Human Development and Family Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States; Thomas, D., Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States; Abebe, Y., College of Agriculture, Hawassa University, Awassa, Ethiopia; Hambidge, K.M., School of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States	The purpose of this study was to assess the nutritional status and cognitive performance of women and their 5-year-old children using a cross-sectional design. Cognitive performance of mothers and children was assessed with Raven's Colored Progressive Matrices (CPM) and Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children-II (KABC-II). Demographic characteristics, food consumption patterns and anthropometry were also measured. Four rural districts in Sidama, southern Ethiopia served as the setting for this study. Subjects were one hundred women and their 5-year-old children. Mean±standard deviation age of the mothers was 29±6 years and family size was 7.0±2.6. Maternal body mass index (BMI) ranged from 15.3 to 29.0 with 14% of the mothers having BMI<18.5. Anthropometric assessment of children revealed 29% to be stunted (height-for-age z-score<-2) and 12% to be underweight (weight-for-age z-score<-2). Mothers' education significantly contributed to prediction of both mothers' and children's cognitive test scores. There were significant differences in mean cognitive test scores between stunted and non-stunted, and between underweight and normal-weight children. Height-for-age z-scores were correlated with scores for short-term memory (r=0.42, P<0.001), and visual processing (r=0.42, P<0.001) indices and weight-for-age z-scores were also correlated with scores of short-term memory (r=0.41, P<0.001) and visual processing (r=0.43, P<0.001) indices. Malnutrition in the community likely contributed to the cognitive performance of the subjects. Performance on memory and visual processing tasks was significantly lower in children with growth deficits suggesting that efficient and cost effective methods to alleviate malnutrition and food insecurity would impact not only child health but also cognitive function. © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.	Anthropometry; Cognition; Ethiopia; KABC-II; Malnutrition; Raven's CPM	adult; age; article; body height; body mass; body weight; child; clinical assessment; clinical assessment tool; cognition; cross-sectional study; educational status; Ethiopia; family size; female; food intake; hand movement; human; Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children II; major clinical study; malnutrition; maternal age; mother child relation; nutritional status; prediction; preschool child; priority journal; Ravens Colored Progressive Matrices; recall; rural area; short term memory; stunting; underweight; vision; Adult; Anthropometry; Child, Preschool; Cognition; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diet; Educational Status; Ethiopia; Family Characteristics; Feeding Behavior; Female; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Malnutrition; Memory, Short-Term; Mothers; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Nutritional Status; Rural Population; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84943264672	Relationship among fitness, morphological characteristics, skills and performance in men’s fastpitch softball	Wentzel M., Travill A.L.	2015	South African Journal for Research in Sport, Physical Education and Recreation	37	2	None	Department of Sport, Recreation and Exercise Science, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa	Wentzel, M., Department of Sport, Recreation and Exercise Science, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa; Travill, A.L., Department of Sport, Recreation and Exercise Science, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa	Men’s fast pitch softball does not have a specific battery of tests and relies on the tests and norms of baseball. The specific morphological and fitness demands of the sport are, therefore, not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to establish whether morphological and fitness characteristics are related to skill and performance measures in men’s fast-pitch softball players. The sample was purposively selected and consisted of 15 provincial and 15 club male players. Anthropometric, fitness and skills test were conducted. Match statistics were obtained from the provincial softball federation for the provincial players and from the club for its members. Data were analysed and interpreted both collectively as a group and separately as teams for the purpose of comparison. The results identified a number of strong significant relationships between the different variables tested. Stature and percentage body fat were found to interact significantly with the two key performance areas, batting and base running. The findings convincingly suggest that coaches should include fitness, morphological and skills tests in their coaching and fitness programmes, team selection and talent identification processes. © 2015 University of Stellenbosch. All rights reserved.	Anthropometry; Correlations; Fast-pitch softball; Fitness; Performance; Skills	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77951842460	The anthropometric vault item performance determinants of young female gymnasts [Die antropometriese sprongitem-prestasiedeterminante Van Jong dogtergimnaste]	Bester A., Coetzee B.	2009	South African Journal for Research in Sport, Physical Education and Recreation	31	1	None	Skool Vir Biokinetika, Rekreasie en Sportwetenskap, Noordwes-Universiteit, Bussie 494, Potchefstroom, South Africa	Bester, A., Skool Vir Biokinetika, Rekreasie en Sportwetenskap, Noordwes-Universiteit, Bussie 494, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Coetzee, B., Skool Vir Biokinetika, Rekreasie en Sportwetenskap, Noordwes-Universiteit, Bussie 494, Potchefstroom, South Africa	The purposes of this study were firstly to determine the anthropometric variables that differ significantly (p ≤ 0.05) between successful and less successful young, South-African (SA), female gymnasts in the vault item and secondly, to determine the anthropometric variables that contribute to the performance of young SA female gymnasts in the vault item. Twelve young, female gymnasts (13.39 ± 2.14 years) from a gymnastics club in the North-West Province of South Africa participated in this study. Only gymnasts who participated at level 6-9 and junior as well as at the senior Olympic level were selected to participate in this study. Sixty-one anthropometric variables were measured on the dominant side of the body according to the methods of Norton et al. (1996). Independent t-tests and effect sizes revealed that the gymnasts who obtained the highest points (top 5) during the execution of the vault item during the South African Gymnastics Championships had statistical and practical significantly larger relaxed and flexed upper arm, wrist and ankle circumferences as well as higher mesomorphy values than the less successful gymnasts. The cluster analysis-reduced variables were used to perform a forward, stepwise multiple regression analysis, which showed that flexed upper arm circumference (53.93%), midstillion dactillion length (12.38%), foot length (11.50%), fat percentage (8.93%), trochanterion-tibial lateral length (5.77%), chest circumference (3.69%), ectomorphy (1.96%), bideltoied breadth (1.54%), triceps skinfold (0.23%) and iliospinal box height (0.07%) contributed 100% to the variance in gymnasts' vault performances. Therefore the conclusion that can be drawn is that larger upper arm and upper body circumferences; hand, foot, upper leg and total leg lengths; triceps skinfold and fat percentage as well as a higher ectomorphy value are important anthropometric vaulting performance determinants for young, South African, female gymnasts and should be included in the sport-scientific testing protocols of gymnasts.	Anthropometry; Female; Girls; Gymnastics; Performance; Vault	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84941900672	Knowledge and practices of pre-school teachers on growth monitoring program-South Africa	Mandiwana T.C., Mbhenyane X.G., Mushaphi L.F., Mabapa N.S.	2015	Health Promotion International	30	1	10.1093/heapro/dau084	Department of Nutrition, University of Venda, P/bAG X5050, Thohoyandou, Limpopo, South Africa; Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Maitland, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Mandiwana, T.C., Department of Nutrition, University of Venda, P/bAG X5050, Thohoyandou, Limpopo, South Africa; Mbhenyane, X.G., Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Maitland, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Mushaphi, L.F., Department of Nutrition, University of Venda, P/bAG X5050, Thohoyandou, Limpopo, South Africa; Mabapa, N.S., Department of Nutrition, University of Venda, P/bAG X5050, Thohoyandou, Limpopo, South Africa	The aim of this study was to determine knowledge and practices of pre-school teachers on growth monitoring. A quasi-experimental, one-group pre- and post-test intervention study was conducted in eight conveniently selected government subsidized pre-schools in Vhembe and Mopani districts of Limpopo Province, South Africa. Fifteen pre-school teachers participated in the study. An intervention in a form of nutrition education lessons on growth monitoring was developed and implemented. Preschool teachers completed a knowledge test questionnaire prior to the lessons. The intervention also included the following training skills: procedure to take anthropometric measurements and plotting the Road to Health Chart. About 67% teachers understood the importance of growth monitoring at baseline. The results also showed an improvement 6 months after intervention. All (100%) teachers knew that growth monitoring can be used for diagnosing undernutrition. The results also showed an improvement in skills, such as the procedure to take anthropometric measurements. Knowledge and practices of teachers on growth monitoring were improved by nutrition education 6 months after intervention. © The Author 2014.	Anthropometry; Growth monitoring; Pre-school teachers	anthropometry; attitude to health; body height; body weight; child development; Child Nutrition Disorders; clinical trial; complication; education; human; malnutrition; multicenter study; nutrition; nutritional science; physiology; preschool child; program evaluation; questionnaire; school; South Africa; university; Anthropometry; Body Height; Body Weight; Child Development; Child Nutrition Disorders; Child, Preschool; Faculty; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Malnutrition; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Nutritional Sciences; Program Evaluation; Schools; South Africa; Surveys and Questionnaires	TTK2006052300025, National Research Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955652016	Impact of urbanization on obesity, anthropometric profile and blood pressure in the Igbos of Nigeria	Ekezie J., Anyanwu E.G., Danborno B., Anthony U.	2011	North American Journal of Medical Sciences	3	5	10.4297/najms.2011.3242	Department of Prosthesis and Orthopaedics Technology, Federal University of Technology Owerri, Imos, Nigeria; Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ahma	Ekezie, J., Department of Prosthesis and Orthopaedics Technology, Federal University of Technology Owerri, Imos, Nigeria; Anyanwu, E.G., Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria; Danborno, B., Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Anthony, U., Department of Anatomy and Surgery, College of Medicine, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Nigeria	Background: Hypertension in developing setting is often attributed to westernization of life style and stresses of urbanization, some of these increases have been noted in Nigeria. Aim: This is a study on rural-urban differences on the blood pressure, obesity and anthropometrics among a major ethnic group in Nigeria. Patients and Method: A total of 325 men and 242 women aged 20 to 80 years, of the Igbo ethnicity were selected for this study. The samples were selected from the rural and urban subgroups of the Igbo population. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, waist- hip ratio, waist-height ratio, waist circumference, triceps, subscapular, calf and sum of the three skin fold thicknesses and other anthropometric measurements were obtained using standard procedures. Result: Blood pressure correlated with age and most of the anthropometric parameters (p< 0.05). All adiposity and blood pressure indicators were higher in the urban than in the rural sample. Women showed higher predisposition to both general and abdominal obesities in both samples. High blood pressure occurred more often in the urban sample than the rural. Urban men had the highest mean blood pressure (p< 0.05). High blood pressure appeared much connected with the pressures of city life. Regression formulae were derived for all the adiposity measures of Igbos in both rural and urban locations. Conclusion: High rates of obesity and hypertension are noted among Igbos in both rural and urban areas. This is especially in the urban setting. The finding is indicative of a low level of attention on hypertension and obesity in the Igbos. The data reported here call for intervention programs on the risks, preventions and management of obesity and obesity related conditions.	Anthropometry; Hypertension; Impact; Obesity; Urbanization	adult; age; aged; anthropometric parameters; article; blood pressure measurement; body mass; controlled study; diastolic blood pressure; ethnicity; female; human; hypertension; male; Nigeria; obesity; rural population; sex difference; skinfold thickness; systolic blood pressure; urban population; urban rural difference; urbanization; waist circumference; waist height ratio; waist hip ratio	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84875947281	Evaluation of the antimicrobial activities of crude extract of Cryptolepis sanguinolenta and Crateva adansonii leaves and their interactions	Agboke A.A., Attama A.A., Momoh M.A.	2011	Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science	1	10	None	Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Incorporating Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical	Agboke, A.A., Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Incorporating Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria; Attama, A.A., Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria; Momoh, M.A., Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria	Activities of crude extract of Cryptolepis Sanguinolen and Crateva Adansonii leaves and their interactions were evaluated.Crude methanol extracts of Crateva adansonii and Cryptolepis sanguinolenta leaves were obtained by cold maceration. Antimicrobial activities of the extracts were carried out against six bacteria ie Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhii, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus subtilis and two fungi which includes Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans using agar dilution method MICs of methanol extract of Crateva adansonii against the six bacteria are Pseudomonas aeruginosa -12.5 mg/ml, Escherichia coli - 6.25 mg ml, Salmonella typhi - 12.5 mg/ml, Staphylococcus aureus - 2.5 mg/ml, Klebsiella pneumonia - 6.25 mg/ml, Bacillus subtilis - 12.5 mg/ml, fungi Aspergillus niger - 12.5 mg/ml, Candida albicans - 12.5 mg/ml. While the MICs of methanol extract of Cryptolepis sanguinolenta against the six bacteria. Pseudomonas aeruginosa - 12.5 mg/ml, Escherichia coli - 6.25 mg ml, Salmonella typhii - 12.5 mg/ml, Staphylococcus aureus - 12.5 mg/ml, Klebsiella pneumoni - 12.5 mg/ml. Bacillus subtilis - 6.25 mg/ml and for fungi Aspergillus niger - 12.5 mg/ml, Candida albicans - 6.25 mg/ml. Combined activity of the two plant extracts against Escherichia coil, klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus subtilis and Candida albicans was carried out at the ratios of 1:1, 2:1 and 1:2 of extracts of Crateva adansonii and Cryptolepis sanguinolenta respectively. Combination 1:2 and 2:1 were found to be effective and able to inhibit Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. The result of this work shows that the extracts of Cryptolepis sanguinolenta and Cranteva Adansonii have both antifungal and antibacterial effects and their combination is effective in some bacterial and fungal infection most especially Candida albicans infection.	Antibacteria; Antifungal; Combination interactions; Crateva adansonii; Crude extracts; Cryptolepis sanginolenta	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84898770992	DABCO-promoted one-pot synthesis of heteroaryl-substituted benzenes and their biological evaluation	Babu G.N., Ayalew H.M., Jain S.	2014	Medicinal Chemistry Research	23	5	10.1007/s00044-013-0857-0	School of Studies in Chemistry and Biochemistry, Vikram University, Ujjain 456010, Madhya Pradesh, India; Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia	Babu, G.N., School of Studies in Chemistry and Biochemistry, Vikram University, Ujjain 456010, Madhya Pradesh, India, Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia; Ayalew, H.M., Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia; Jain, S., School of Studies in Chemistry and Biochemistry, Vikram University, Ujjain 456010, Madhya Pradesh, India	A simple and efficient one-pot synthesis of heteroaryl-substituted benzenes has been developed via cyclocondensation of vinylmalononitriles and ethylvinylcyanoacetates with heteroarylnitroolefines using diazabicyclo[2,2,2] octane as catalyst. The titled compounds were evaluated for their antitubercular, antibacterial and antifungal activities at various concentrations. © Springer Science+Business Media 2013.	Antibacterial activity; Antifungal activity; Antitubercular activity; DABCO; Heteroayl-substituted benzenes	1,4 diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane; 3 amino 4 nitro 5 (1h pyrrole 2 yl) [1,1' biphenyl] 2 carboxylate; 3 amino 4 nitro 5 (thiophen 2 yl) [1,1' biphenyl] 2 carbonitrile; 3 amino 4' methoxy 4 nitro 5 (thiophen 2 yl) [1,1' biphenyl] 2 carbonitrile; 3 amino 5 (furan 2 yl) 4 nitro [1,1' biphenyl] 2 carbonitrile; 3 amino 5 (furan 2 yl) 4' methoxy 4 nitro 5 [1,1' biphenyl] 2 carbonitrile; acetic acid derivative; alkene derivative; benzene derivative; ciprofloxacin; clotrimazole; cyclooctane derivative; ethyl 3 amino 4 nitro(1h pyrrol 2 yl)[1,1' biphenyl] 2 carboxylate; ethyl 3 amino 4 nitro(furan 2 yl) [1,1' biphenyl] 2 carboxylate; ethyl 3 amino 4' methoxy 4 nitro 5 (thiophen 2 yl)[1,1' biphenyl 2 carbonitrile; nitrile; unclassified drug; antibacterial activity; antifungal activity; article; Aspergillus flavus; Aspergillus niger; Candida albicans; Candida tropicalis; catalyst; concentration response; controlled study; Escherichia coli; evaluation study; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; nonhuman; one pot synthesis; polymerization; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Salmonella typhi	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84875540845	Synthesis, spectral characterization and antimicrobial evaluation of novel α-aminophosphonates	Chinnam S., Potturi C., Maddila S., Muttana V.B.R., Ediga A., Chinnam V.	2013	Der Pharma Chemica	5	1	None	Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara Univeristy, Tirupati, India; Department of Environmental Sciences, Sri Rama Engineering College, Tirupati, India; School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, West Ville Campus, Chilten Hills, Durban -4000, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India; Department of Chemistry, KVR College, Nandigama, India	Chinnam, S., Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara Univeristy, Tirupati, India; Potturi, C., Department of Environmental Sciences, Sri Rama Engineering College, Tirupati, India; Maddila, S., School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, West Ville Campus, Chilten Hills, Durban -4000, South Africa; Muttana, V.B.R., Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara Univeristy, Tirupati, India; Ediga, A., Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India; Chinnam, V., Department of Chemistry, KVR College, Nandigama, India	A facile method has been developed for the synthesis of novel α-aminophosphonates 5a-j by the one-pot three component reaction of equimolar quantities of 4-amino-N-2-thiazolyl-benzenesulfonamide (Sulfathiazole) (1), dimethyl phosphite (2) and various aldehydes (4a-j) in dry toluene at reflux conditions via Kabachinik-Fields reaction in high yields (70-80%) without use of any catalyst. Their chemical structures were established by IR, 1H, 13C, 31P-NMR, mass spectral studies and elemental analyses. All the title compounds exhibited promising antibacterial and antifungal activities.	Antibacterial activity; Antifungal activity; Dimethyl/diethyl phosphites; Kabachinik-fields reaction; Sulfathiazole	aldehyde; antifungal agent; bovastin; dimethyl (2 chlorophenyl) [4 (n thiazol 2 ylsulfamoyl)phenylamino]methylphosphonate; dimethyl (2 nitrophenyl) [4 (n thiazol 2 ylsulfamoyl)phenylamino]methylphosphonate; dimethyl (3 chlorophenyl) [4 (n thiazol 2 ylsulfamoyl)phenylamino]methylphosphonate; dimethyl (3 cyanophenyl) [4 (n thiazol 2 ylsulfamoyl)phenylamino]methylphosphonate; dimethyl (3 methoxyphenyl) [4 (n thiazol 2 ylsulfamoyl)phenylamino]methylphosphonate; dimethyl (3 nitrophenyl) [4 (n thiazol 2 ylsulfamoyl)phenylamino]methylphosphonate; dimethyl (3 trifluoromethylphenyl) [4 (n thiazol 2 ylsulfamoyl)phenylamino]methylphosphonate; dimethyl (4 chlorophenyl) [4 (n thiazol 2 ylsulfamoyl)phenylamino]methylphosphonate; dimethyl (4 fluorophenyl) [4 (n thiazol 2 ylsulfamoyl)phenylamino]methylphosphonate; dimethyl (4 nitrophenyl) [4 (n thiazol 2 ylsulfamoyl)phenylamino]methylphosphonate; dimethyl [(3 trifluoromethyl)phenyl] [4 (n thiazol 2 ylsulfamoyl)phenylamino]methylphosphonate; phosphoramidic acid derivative; streptomycin; sulfathiazole; toluene; unclassified drug; antifungal activity; article; Aspergillus flavus; Aspergillus niger; Bacillus subtilis; bacterial strain; carbon nuclear magnetic resonance; catalyst; chemical reaction; controlled study; drug structure; drug synthesis; Escherichia coli; Fusarium oxysporum; infrared spectroscopy; Kabachinik Fields reaction; nonhuman; phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance; proton nuclear magnetic resonance; Streptococcus bovis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84934764742	Biological activities of (E)-N-(CH<inf>3</inf>-substituted-phenyl)-1-phenylmethanimine: Evaluation of ortho-, meta- and para- substitution effects	Mkpenie V.N., Mkpenie I.V., Essien E.E.	2015	Der Pharma Chemica	7	6	None	Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria	Mkpenie, V.N., Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria; Mkpenie, I.V., Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria; Essien, E.E., Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria	Schiff bases with ortho-, meta- and para-methyl substituents were synthesized by thecondensation of appropriatearomatic amines (o-, m- and p-toluidine) with benzaldehyde. The structures of all the synthesized compounds were confirmed by analytical and spectral data. The sensitivity of thebacteria and fungi was evaluated bymeasuring the zones of inhibition exhibited by the microorganisms against the tested compounds using disk diffusion method. The results of the antimicrobial activity showed that the methyl group substituted at meta and para positions exhibited more antifungal and antibacterial activities compared to the ortho and unsubstituted derivatives. The results showed that antifungal and antibacterial activities are affected by the position of substituents in the aryl ring of theSchiff bases.	Antibacterial activity; Antifungal activity; Schiff bases; Substitution effect; Toluidine	2 methylaniline; 3 methylaniline; 4 methylaniline; aniline derivative; antiinfective agent; benzaldehyde; fluconazole; n (2 methylphenyl) 1 phenylmethanimine; n (3 methylphenyl) 1 phenylmethanimine; n (4 methylphenyl) 1 phenylmethanimine; n,1 diphenylmethanimine derivative; Schiff base; streptomycin; unclassified drug; antibacterial activity; antibiotic sensitivity; antifungal activity; antifungal susceptibility; Article; Aspergillus fumigatus; Aspergillus niger; Candida albicans; controlled study; disk diffusion; drug screening; drug structure; drug synthesis; Escherichia coli; nonhuman; Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi; Shigella dysenteriae; Staphylococcus aureus; Trichophyton rubrum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77955396196	Phytochemical screening and antibacterial evaluation of the leaves extracts of olea hochstetteri bak. (Oleaceae)	Aji S.B., Auwal M.S., Onyeyili P.A., Dawurung C.J.	2010	Research Journal of Pharmacology	4	2	10.3923/rjpharm.2010.26.30	Department of Animal Health and Production Technology, Adamawa State College of Agriculture, Ganye, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Physiology, Pharmacology and Biochemistry, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria; Department of Animal Health and Production T	Aji, S.B., Department of Animal Health and Production Technology, Adamawa State College of Agriculture, Ganye, Nigeria, Department of Veterinary Physiology, Pharmacology and Biochemistry, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria; Auwal, M.S., Department of Veterinary Physiology, Pharmacology and Biochemistry, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria, Department of Animal Health and Production Technology, Mohammet Lawan College of Agriculture, Maiduguri, Nigeria; Onyeyili, P.A., Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria; Dawurung, C.J., Department of Veterinary Physiology, Pharmacology and Biochemistry, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria, Department of Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria	Phytochemical and antibacterial properties of Olea hochstetteri crude aqueous and ethanol leaf extracts were evaluated. The extracts were subjected to qualitative chemical analysis for identification of various classes of active chemical compounds. Disc diffusion method was used to determine the antibacterial properties of the extracts on some gram positive and gram negative bacteria. The extracts showed the presence of carbohydrates, tannins, saponins, glycosides, flavonoids, terpenes and steroids. The extract inhibited the growth of Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and to some extent Klebsiella pneumonia but had no effect on the growth of Bacillus sp., Shigella sp. and Escherichia coli. The study revealed some antibacterial properties of this extracts that supported the use of the leaves of this plant in folklore medicine. © Medwell Joumals, 2010.	Antibacterial activity; Aqueous/ethanol extracts; Folklore medicine; Nigeria; Olea hochstetteri bak.; Phytochemistry	alcohol; antiinfective agent; carbohydrate derivative; flavonoid; glycoside; Olea hochstetteri extract; plant extract; saponin derivative; steroid; tannin derivative; terpene derivative; unclassified drug; antibacterial activity; article; Bacillus; bacterial growth; bacterium culture; chemical analysis; chemical composition; controlled study; disk diffusion; drug determination; drug isolation; Escherichia coli; Gram negative bacterium; Gram positive bacterium; growth inhibition; Klebsiella pneumoniae; minimum inhibitory concentration; nonhuman; Olea hochstetteri; Oleaceae; phytochemistry; plant leaf; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; qualitative analysis; Salmonella typhi; Shigella; Staphylococcus aureus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960537359	Evaluation of antibacterial activity of selected ethnomedicinal plants for poultry in Masaka District, Uganda	Nalubega R., Kabasa J.D., Olila D., Kateregga J.	2011	Research Journal of Pharmacology	5	2	10.3923/rjpharm.2011.18.21	School of Veterinary Medicine, Makerere University, P.O.Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda	Nalubega, R., School of Veterinary Medicine, Makerere University, P.O.Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Kabasa, J.D., School of Veterinary Medicine, Makerere University, P.O.Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Olila, D., School of Veterinary Medicine, Makerere University, P.O.Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Kateregga, J., School of Veterinary Medicine, Makerere University, P.O.Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda	The antibacterial activity of ethanol and ether extracts of 30 medicinal plants used against poultry diseases in Masaka district of Uganda was evaluated. The extracts were tested against gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis) and gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium) using the agar well diffusion assay. Both ethanol and ether extracts showed activity (100 and 97%, respectively) against at least one bacterium. In general, gram positive bacteria were more susceptible than gram negative bacterial species. Of the four bacteria species, Staphylococcus aureus was the most susceptible to both extracts. These results therefore suggest that these plants can be used to provide lead compounds which can be used in the discovery of new antibacterials. © Medwell Journals, 2011.	Antibacterial activity; Bacteria; Crude extracts; Ethnomedicinal plants; Poultry; Uganda	agave sisalana extract; Albizia coriaria extract; Aloe vera extract; antibiotic agent; Aspilia Africana extract; Azadirachta indica extract; Carica papaya extract; Chenopodium opulifolium extract; Conyza floribunda extract; Datura stramonium extract; Desmodium salicifolium extract; Jatropha curcas extract; Justicia betonica extract; Lantana trifolia extract; Momordica foetida extract; Moringa oleifera extract; Nicotiana tobaccam extract; pepper extract; Persea americana extract; Phaseolus lunatus extract; plant extract; rubia cordifolia extract; Senecio cydoniifolius extract; Sida cuneifolia extract; Solanum mauritianum extract; Syzygium cumini extract; Tetredenia riparia extract; unclassified drug; unindexed drug; Vernonia amygdalina extract; Vernonia cineria extract; agar diffusion; agave sisalana; Albizia coriaria; antibacterial activity; antibiotic sensitivity; article; Aspilia Africana; Chenopodium opulifolium; concentration response; controlled study; Conyza floribunda; Desmodium salicifolium; drug effect; drug screening; Enterococcus faecalis; Escherichia coli; growth inhibition; in vitro study; jatropha curcas; Justicia betonica; Lantana trifolia; medicinal plant; Momordica foetida; Nicotiana tobaccam; nonhuman; phaseolus lunatus; phytochemistry; poultry; rubia cordifolia; Salmonella typhimurium; Senecio cydoniifolius; Sida cuneifolia; Solanum mauritianum; Staphylococcus aureus; Syzygium cumini; Tetredenia riparia; traditional medicine; Uganda; vernonia amygdalina; Vernonia cineria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84856567704	Evaluation of antibacterial potential of crude extract of Moringa oleifera seed on orthopaedics wound isolates and characterization of phenylmethanamine and benzyl isothiocyanate derivatives	Oluduro O.A., Idowu T.O., Aderiye B.I., Famurewa O., Omoboye O.O.	2012	Research Journal of Medicinal Plant	6	5	10.3923/rjmp.2012.383.394	Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Osun S	Oluduro, O.A., Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Idowu, T.O., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Aderiye, B.I., Department of Microbiology, University of Ado-Ekiti, P.M.B. 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Famurewa, O., College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Osun State University, P.M.B. 4494, Oke-Baale, Osogbo, Nigeria, Department of Microbiology, University of Ado-Ekiti, P.M.B. 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Omoboye, O.O., Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	The antibacterial activity of crude aqueous and methanolic extracts of Moringa oleifera seed on some orthopaedic wounds isolates which include Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris, Providencia stuartii, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus sp., Pseudomonas fluorescens, Acinetobacter baumannii, Burkholderia cepacia, Yersinia enterocolitica, Proteus mirabilis, Serratia rubidae, Salmonella pullorum and Klebsiella oxycota was investigated. Both the crude aqueous and methanolic extracts of the seed demonstrated an appreciable inhibitory effects on the isolates with zone of growth inhibition ranging from 15 to 30.5 mm with aqueous extract and 9 to 20 mm with methanolic extract. Both extracts compared favourably with the reference standard antibiotics used. Minimum inhibitory concentration of the seed ranged from 0.875 to 5.0 μg mL -1 in aqueous extract and 0.875 to 2.5 μg mL -1 in methanolic extract. Phytochemical investigation of the methanolic extract of the seed led to the isolation and identification of new benzyl isothiocyanate and phenylmethanamine derivatives named 4-(β-D-glucopyranosyl-1-→4-α-L-rhamnopyranosyloxyl)-benzyl isothiocyanate (4) and 4-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyloxy-N-glucopyranosyl-1-→2-fructopyranosyloxy phenylmethanamine (5) along with three known compounds, 4-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid (1), 0-methyl-4-(4'-0-acetyl-α-L-rhamnosyloxy) benzyl thiocarbamate (2) and 4-(α-L-rhamnopyranosyloxyl)-benzyl isothiocyanate (3). The structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses which include Infra Red, Ultra Violet, Mass Spectrophotometer, ID and 2D Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectra as well as by comparison with literature data. Both the crude aqueous and methanolic extracts displayed broad spectrum of activity as they inhibited both the Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria tested. © 2012 Academic Journals Inc.	Antibacterial activity; Benzyl isothiocyanate derivative; Moringa; Phenylmethanamine; Seed	4 (alpha rhamnopyranosyloxyl)benzyl isothiocyanic acid; 4 hydroxyphenyl acetic acid; benzyl isothiocyanate derivative; ceftriaxone; ciprofloxacin; methanol; Moringa oleifera extract; o methyl 4 (4' o acetyl alpha rhamnosyloxy)benzyl thiocarbamic acid; phenylmethanamine derivative; plant extract; unclassified drug; Acinetobacter baumannii; antibacterial activity; aqueous solution; article; bacterium isolate; Burkholderia cepacia; drug isolation; drug screening; drug structure; Escherichia coli; high performance liquid chromatography; human; infrared spectroscopy; Klebsiella oxytoca; Klebsiella pneumoniae; mass spectrometry; minimum inhibitory concentration; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; orthopedics; phytochemistry; plant seed; Proteus mirabilis; Proteus vulgaris; Providencia stuartii; Pseudomonas fluorescens; Salmonella gallinarum; Serratia; Serratia rubidae; Streptococcus; ultraviolet radiation; wound; Yersinia enterocolitica; Acinetobacter baumannii; Burkholderia cepacia; Escherichia coli; Klebsiella; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Moringa; Moringa oleifera; Negibacteria; Posibacteria; Proteus mirabilis; Proteus vulgaris; Providencia stuartii; Pseudomonas fluorescens; Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Pullorum; Serratia; Streptococcus sp.; Yersinia enterocolitica	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84876740004	GC-MS evaluation of bioactive compounds and antibacterial activity of the oil fraction from the stem bark of Brachystegia eurycoma harms	Igwe O.U., Okwu D.E.	2013	International Journal of Chemical Sciences	11	1	None	Department of Chemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 7267, Umudike, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria	Igwe, O.U., Department of Chemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 7267, Umudike, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Okwu, D.E., Department of Chemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 7267, Umudike, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria	The ethanolic extract of the stem bark of Brachystegia eurycoma yielded reddish coloured substance (5.68 g). The extract was subjected to GC-MS studies. Nineteen phyto-constituents were identified with 41, 5-dihydroxy-7-methoxy flavones (21.97%) constituting the bulk of the oil, followed by 9-octadecenoic acid (12.4%). Other compounds indentified include 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (10.16%), hexadecanoic acid (9.50%), 9-octadecenoic acid ethyl ester (9.50%), hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester (4.59%), (4-(2-methyl-piperidine-1-sulfonyl)-phenyl)-(2-methyl-piperidin-1-yl)-methanone (3.93%), 2-Omethl-D-Mannopyranosa (3.61%), 2-hydroxy-5-methylisophthaladehyde (3.28%), 1,2,3-trihydroxyphenol (2.30%), ethyl 2-hydroxybenzyl sulfone (2.30%), 1,2,4-trimethyl-3-nitrobicyclo (3.3.1) nonan-9-one (2.30%), butanal, 4-hydroxy-3-methyl (1.97%), 1,6-anhydro-beta-D-glucopyranose (1.97%), 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, 2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl ester (1.64%), N,N-diethyl-4-(morpholine-4-sulfonyl)-benzenesulfanamide (1.64%) and 9-octadecenamide (1.31%). The extract showed antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus. These results suggest the use of the extract from the stem bark of Brachystegia eurycoma in the treatment of typhoid fever, wounds and infections in herbal medicine in Nigeria.	Antibacterial activity; Bioactive compounds; Brachystegia eurycoma; GC-MS analysis; Phyto-chemicals	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79959582694	Effects of fractionation and combinatorial evaluation of Tamarindus indica fractions for antibacterial activity	Nwodo U.U., Iroegbu C.U., Ngene A.A., Chigor V.N., Okoh A.I.	2011	Molecules	16	6	10.3390/molecules16064818	Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Departme	Nwodo, U.U., Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; Iroegbu, C.U., Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Ngene, A.A., Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Chigor, V.N., Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; Okoh, A.I., Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa	Six fractions, named TiA - TiF, were obtained by fractionating the crude ethanol extract of the stem bark of Tamarindus indica using column chromatographic techniques. On TLC, fraction TiB showed five bands, TiC three bands, while TiD and TiE showed two bands each. TiC, TiD and TiE were re-eluted with different solvent systems to yield two fractions each, while TiB yielded four. These subfractions were designated B1-B4; C1-C2; D1-D2 and E1-E2, respectively. Tannins, flavonoids and alkaloids, among other components, were detected, albeit in different proportions with respect to fractions and subfractions and were compartmentalized with respect to the solvent systems used. The in vitro antibacterial activity of fractions and subfractions was tested separately and in combinations using the agar well diffusion technique. The susceptibly of test strains (expressed as %) were: 83.3% (TiA and TiB), 75.0% (crude extract and TiC), 66.7% (TiD), 50.0% (TiE) and 16.7% (TiF) when used singly, whereas in combination, the corresponding susceptibilities were 100% (CE), 83.3% (DE), 66.7% (AB, AF, BC, BD, DE and EF), 50% (AC and CD), 33.3% (BE and BF) and 16.7% (AD) against Gram negative bacteria strains and 100% (EF), 80% (DE), 60% (AB, BC and CE), 40% (AC, BD, BF, CF and DF) and 20% (AE, AF, BE and CD) against Gram positive strains. Percentage susceptibility with combinatorial use of re-fractions ranged from 85.7-57.1% and 60-40% against Gram negative and positive strains (TiB subfractions), respectively, 100-85.7% and 40-0% against Gram negative and positive strains (TiC, TiD and TiE sub-fractions). © 2011 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.	Antibacterial activity; Combinatorial assay; Phytochemistry; Solvent system; Subfraction; Thin layer chromatography	antiinfective agent; plant extract; article; chemistry; drug effect; fractionation; Gram negative bacterium; Gram positive bacterium; plant stem; tamarind; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chemical Fractionation; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Plant Extracts; Plant Stems; Tamarindus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79957915383	Evaluation of antibacterial activity of leaf and stem extracts of Combretum calobotrys	Ezike A., Ebi G., Akah P., Okeudo U.	2011	Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research	3	3	None	Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, En	Ezike, A., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; Ebi, G., Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; Akah, P., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; Okeudo, U., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria	Antibacterial activity of the extracts and fractions of leaf and stem of Combretum calobotrys Engl. & Diels (Combretaceae) against clinical isolates of Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella paratyphi, Eschericia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia were evaluated using the agar diffusion method. Results showed that with the exception of the stem methanol fraction, all the extracts and fractions, elicited antibacterial activity. The leaf methanol fraction had minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.32 mg/ml against K. pneumoniae while the stem ethylacetate fraction had MIC of 0.46 and 0.78 mg/ml against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus respectively. The results justify the ethnomedicinal use of C. calobotrys in Southeastern Nigerian to manage bacterial infections.	Antibacterial activity; Combretum calobotrys; Minimum inhibitory concentration	acetic acid ethyl ester; Combretum calobotrys extract; gentamicin; methanol; plant extract; unclassified drug; agar diffusion; antibacterial activity; antibiotic sensitivity; article; Bacillus subtilis; bacterium isolate; Combretum; Combretum calobotrys; Escherichia coli; Klebsiella pneumoniae; minimum inhibitory concentration; Nigeria; nonhuman; plant leaf; plant stem; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Salmonella paratyphi; Staphylococcus aureus; traditional medicine	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84876453832	Isolation of compounds from acetone extract of root wood of moringa stenopetala and evaluation of their antibacterial activities	Tesemma M., Adane L., Tariku Y., Muleta D., Demise S.	2013	Research Journal of Medicinal Plant	7	1	10.3923/rjmp.2013.32.47	Department of Chemistry, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Department of Biology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia	Tesemma, M., Department of Chemistry, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Adane, L., Department of Chemistry, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Tariku, Y., Department of Chemistry, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Muleta, D., Department of Biology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Demise, S., Department of Biology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia	The main objective of this study was to isolate compounds from root wood of Moringa stenopetala and evaluate antibacterial activities of the isolated compounds. Crude gradient extracts were obtained from five solvents (petroleum ether, chloroform, acetone, methanol and water) with increasing solvent polarity using cold maceration technique. The in vitro antibacterial activity evaluation of gradient extracts and isolated compounds was done on four different pathogenic bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella Typhimurium) using agar disc diffusion technique. Among the five crude extracts evaluated, the acetone extract was found to be the most active against the tested strains. Thus, this extract was subsequently subjected to column chromatographic separation which led to isolation of four compounds (MS-1, MS-2, MS-3 and MS-4). The chemical structures of the compounds were found to be cholest-5-en-3-ol, palmitic acid, n-octacosane and oleic acid, respectively, based on physical properties and spectroscopic (IR and NMR) data as well as literature reports. Three of the compounds namely cholest-5-en-3-ol, palmitic acid and oleic acid showed highest activity against E. coli. The observed antibacterial activities of the crude extract and the isolated compounds could justify the traditional use of the plant for the treatment of different bacterial infections. Thus, further test is recommended on large number of bacterial strains to decide their potential as candidates in development of antibacterial drugs. © 2013 Academic Journals Inc.	Antibacterial activity; Crude extraction; Escherichia coli; IR-NMR; Isolation; Moringa stenopetala; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Salmonella Typhimurium; Staphylococcus aureus	acetone; antiinfective agent; chloroform; cholesterol; ciprofloxacin; methanol; Moringa stenopetala extract; octacosane; oleic acid; palmitic acid; petroleum ether; plant extract; unclassified drug; water; antibacterial activity; article; bacterial strain; column chromatography; controlled study; disk diffusion; drug determination; drug effect; drug isolation; drug response; drug screening; drug structure; Escherichia coli; growth inhibition; in vitro study; infrared spectroscopy; Moringa; moringa stenopetala; nonhuman; nuclear magnetic resonance; plant root; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Salmonella typhimurium; separation technique; Staphylococcus aureus; Bacteria (microorganisms); Escherichia coli; Moringa stenopetala; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Salmonella typhimurium; Staphylococcus aureus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84906782047	Synthesis, Characterization, Crystal Structure and Antimicrobial Evaluation of a Novel -M-X-M-X- Type Infinite Chain 1D Cu(II) Complex with Eflornithine Hydrochloride Hydrate as Ligand	Obaleye J.A., Tella A.C., Osunniran W.A., Simon N., Omojasola P.F.	2014	Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials	24	5	10.1007/s10904-014-0052-x	Department of Chemistry, P.M.B. 1515, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria; Department of Microbiology, P.M.B. 1515, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeri	Obaleye, J.A., Department of Chemistry, P.M.B. 1515, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria; Tella, A.C., Department of Chemistry, P.M.B. 1515, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria; Osunniran, W.A., Department of Chemistry, P.M.B. 1515, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria; Simon, N., Department of Chemistry, P.M.B. 1515, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria, Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria; Omojasola, P.F., Department of Microbiology, P.M.B. 1515, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria	A novel -M-X-M-X- type infinite chain 1D copper(II) complex of Eflornithine, Dichloro-[2-amino-5-ammonio-2-(difluoromethyl)pentanoate]copper(II) hydrate, [Cu(C6H12F2N2O2)Cl2]·H2O 1 has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, spectroscopic techniques (UV/Vis and FT-IR), TGA and X-ray diffraction. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of the complex 1 showed the structure to be monoclinic with space group Cc, a = 13.1295(15) Å, b = 12.1859(14) Å, c = 8.1927(9) Å, β = 118.359(3) Å, V = 1153.5(2) Å3, Z = 4. The complex exhibits a quadratic planar coordination of the Cu-atom. The Cu(II) centre is coordinated by two chloride atoms, an oxygen atom of the carboxyl- and a nitrogen atom of the amino-group, respectively, forming a quadratic planar geometry. The terminal amino group of the ligand is protonated to form NH3 + while the carboxylic moiety is deprotonated to form Zwitterionic eflornithine ligand, with the coordination of the metal at the nitrogen atom of the second amino group. The compound has -M-X-M-X- infinite 1D chain polymeric structure. Two neigbouring Cu(EFL)Cl chain units are bridged by an Cl- ion, forming a -Cu-Cl-Cu-Cl- linear chain structure along C-axis. The antibacterial activities of the complex on Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) were investigated and found to be active at higher concentration than the parent ligand. © 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York.	Antibacterial activity; Crystal structure; Eflornithine hydrochloride hydrate; Spectra; TGA; Zwitterions	Atmospheric spectra; Atoms; Bacteria; Chains; Chelation; Chlorine compounds; Copper; Crystal structure; Escherichia coli; Hydrates; Hydration; Ligands; Nitrogen; X ray diffraction analysis; Anti-bacterial activity; Escherichia coli (E. coli); Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis; Spectroscopic technique; Terminal amino groups; TGA; Zwitterions; Copper compounds	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84855334240	Phytochemical, antibacterial and cytotoxic evaluation of raphiostylis beninensis [Hook F. ex Planch] stem bark extracts	Lasisi A.A., Folarin O.M., Dare E.O., Akinloye O.A., Fisuyi M.O.	2011	International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences	2	3	None	Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, Covenant University, Sango-Otta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Departm	Lasisi, A.A., Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Folarin, O.M., Department of Chemistry, Covenant University, Sango-Otta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Dare, E.O., Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Akinloye, O.A., Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Fisuyi, M.O., Department of Chemistry, Osun State College of Education, Ila-Orangun, Osun State, Nigeria	Methanol and ethyl acetate (stem-bark) extracts of Raphiostylis beninensis were investigated for their phytochemical, antibacterial and cytotoxic properties. Phytochemical analysis of ethyl acetate extracts of R. beninensis revealed alkaloids (1.10 ± 0.20 mg/kg), flavonoids (6.10 ± 0.10 mg/kg), saponins (5.30 ±0.15 mg/kg) and tannins (2.10 ± 0.20 mg/kg). Methanol of extract R. beninensis contained alkaloids (1.50 ±0.10 mg/kg), flavonoids (6.24 ± 0.20 mg/kg), saponins (7.50 ±0.10 mg/kg) and tannins (1.32 ± 0.03 mg/kg). The stem bark methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of Raphiostylis beninensis inhibited all tested strains Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhii and Staphyllococcus aureus at 20 mg/ml and 50 mg/ml respectively. The brine shrimp lethality test on the methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of Raphiostylis beninensis revealed cytotoxic activities with LC 50 of 3.20 and 2.50 μg/ml.	Antibacterial activity; Cytotoxic property; Ethyl acetate extract; Methanol extract; Phytochemical; Raphiostylis beninensis	alkaloid; antibiotic agent; flavonoid; plant extract; Raphiostylis beninensis extract; saponin; tannin; tetracycline; unclassified drug; angiosperm; animal experiment; antibacterial activity; Artemia; article; Bacillus subtilis; bacterial strain; bark; controlled study; drug effect; drug screening; Escherichia coli; LC 50; nonhuman; phytochemistry; plant leaf; plant root; Raphiostylis beninensis; Salmonella typhi; Staphylococcus aureus; toxicity testing; Artemia; Bacillus subtilis; Escherichia coli; Raphiostylis beninensis; Salmonella	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955538916	In vitro evaluation of antibacterial agents against ocular bacterial isolates from a tertiary hospital, South-West of Nigeria	Ibadin E.E., Ogbolu D.O., Alli O.A.T., Adebiyi O.E., Fasina N.A.	2011	Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences	2	2	None	Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Edo state, Nigeria; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Nigeria; Department of Medical Micr	Ibadin, E.E., Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Edo state, Nigeria; Ogbolu, D.O., Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Nigeria; Alli, O.A.T., Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Nigeria; Adebiyi, O.E., Department of Medical Microbiology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria; Fasina, N.A., Department of Medical Microbiology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria	Failure to cure eye infections and reduced potency in ocular antibacterial agents had been observed in South Western Nigeria, this study sought to evaluate in vitro, the efficacy of antibacterial agents used in the treatment of eye infections. A total of 135 bacterial isolates were recovered from the diagnostic laboratory of the University College Hospital, Ibadan, from conjunctival swabs of patients having underlying eye diseases (Cataracts and glaucoma), and from patients presenting with other symptoms of eye infections (conjunctivitis, keratitis and dacryocystitis). The pathogens incriminated were Staphylococcus aureus (75.5%), Coagulase negative Staphylococci (11.1%), Klebsiella species (11.1%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2.2). Disc diffusion tests (Kirby-Bauer method) were carried out using ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefuroxime and levofloxacin. Broth dilution technique was thereafter demonstrated using gentamicin, chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin. The macrolide-erythromycin was 54.4% efficacious, amoxicillin-clavulanate and cefuroxime showed 69.9% and 72.8% efficacy. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of commonly used antibiotics however showed different levels of resistance. Resistance to the aminoglycosides was marked, yielding 51.6%, with MIC50 = 8, MIC90 &gt; 256, resistance to chloramphenicol was also marked, yielding 76.9%, with MIC50 = 8, MIC90 = 64. The fluoroquinolones showed high efficacy; levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin showed 91.1% and 75.5% susceptibility respectively, with MIC50 &lt; 0.5, though slightly demonstrable resistance was observed (MIC90 = 8). This study recommends discontinuation of empirical therapy by physicians in order to stem the tide of resistance; it justifies the inclusion of the fluoroquinolones in susceptibility testing of bacterial isolates and its first line of choice if cure is warranted. © 2010 RJPBCS.	Antibacterial agents; Efficacy; Eye infections; MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration); Resistance	aminoglycoside antibiotic agent; amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid; antiinfective agent; cefuroxime; chloramphenicol; ciprofloxacin; erythromycin; gentamicin; levofloxacin; macrolide; quinoline derived antiinfective agent; antibacterial activity; antibiotic resistance; article; bacterium isolate; coagulase negative Staphylococcus; conjunctivitis; controlled study; dacryocystitis; disk diffusion; drug effect; drug screening; eye infection; human; human tissue; in vitro study; keratitis; Klebsiella; minimum inhibitory concentration; Nigeria; nonhuman; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus aureus; tertiary health care; Bacteria (microorganisms); Klebsiella; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus; Staphylococcus aureus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84858124719	Evaluation of the Antibacterial and Antidiarrhoeal activities of Heeria Insignis O. Ktze	Agunu A., Ahmadu A.A., Afolabi S.O., Yaro A.U., Ehinmidu J.O., Mohammed Z.	2011	Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences	73	3	10.4103/0250-474X.93513	Department of Pharmacognosy and Drug Development, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria-810006, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry, Niger-Delta University, Yenegoa-560001, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacology, Bayero University, Kano-7000	Agunu, A., Department of Pharmacognosy and Drug Development, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria-810006, Nigeria; Ahmadu, A.A., Department of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry, Niger-Delta University, Yenegoa-560001, Nigeria; Afolabi, S.O., Department of Pharmacognosy and Drug Development, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria-810006, Nigeria; Yaro, A.U., Department of Pharmacology, Bayero University, Kano-700006, Nigeria; Ehinmidu, J.O., Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria-810006, Nigeria; Mohammed, Z., Department of Pharmacognosy and Drug Development, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria-810006, Nigeria	Heeria insignis O. Ktze (Anacardiaceae) is an indigenous African shrub used in treatment of diarrhea, venereal diseases, tapeworm, hookworm, schistosomiasis, kidney trouble and for increasing lactation in women after childbirth. The methanol and dichloromethane extracts of the leaves were evaluated for antibacterial activity (using agar-diffusion method) and antidairrheal activity (using isolated rabbit jejunum and castor-oil induced diarrhea in mice). The methanol extract gave higher antibacterial activity than dichloromethane. The order of susceptibility of test microorganisms to methanol extract were Salmonella typhi>Pseudomous aeruginosa> Staphylococcus aureus>Bacillus subtilis>Escherichia coli which were comparable to standard. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the methanol extract for these microorganisms was also determined. The minimum inhibitory concentration (mg/ml) of methanol extract against microorganisms is; B. subtilis (3.9), S. aureus (1.95), E. coli (62.5), Ps. aeruginosa (3.9) and S. typhi (1.95). On the isolated rabbit jejunum evaluation, both extracts produced concentration- dependent relation of isolated rabbit jejunum that was not blocked by phentolamine, suggesting that extracts act via mechanisms other than alpha-adrenergic receptor. In the castor oil-induced diarrheoeal test, each extract gave 80% protection at 200 mg/kg, which is comparable to loperamide 2 mg/kg with 80% protection. This finding may explain the use of the plant in diarrhea and bacterial diseases.	Antibacterial; antidairrhoea; dichloromethane extract; Heeria insignis; methanol extract	castor oil; dichloromethane; Heeria insignis extract; loperamide; methanol; phentolamine; plant extract; unclassified drug; Anacardiaceae; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; antibacterial activity; antidiarrheal activity; article; Bacillus subtilis; bacterial infection; cestodiasis; controlled study; diarrhea; drug dose comparison; drug indication; Escherichia coli; Heeria insignis; hookworm infection; jejunum; kidney disease; lactation; medicinal plant; minimum inhibitory concentration; mouse; nonhuman; plant leaf; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; rabbit; Salmonella typhi; schistosomiasis; sexually transmitted disease; Staphylococcus aureus; traditional medicine	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-71349084009	Evaluation of several tree species for activity against the animal fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus	Suleiman M.M., McGaw L.J., Naidoo V., Eloff J.N.	2010	South African Journal of Botany	76	1	10.1016/j.sajb.2009.07.001	Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Permanent Address: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Suleiman, M.M., Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa, Permanent Address: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; McGaw, L.J., Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Naidoo, V., Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Eloff, J.N., Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa	Aspergillus fumigatus causes severe problems in poultry production systems. Seven South African tree species were selected from the database of the Phytomedicine Programme based on its antifungal activity against the fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. The acetone leaf extracts of the selected species had minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 0.16 mg/ml and lower in the preliminary screening. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of hexane, dichloromethane, acetone and methanol extracts of the leaves were determined using a two-fold serial microdilution method against a range of commonly encountered animal pathogenic fungi (A. fumigatus, Candida albicans, C. neoformans, Microsporum canis and Sporothrix schenckii) and four nosocomial bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). The plant species investigated were Combretum vendae (A.E. van Wyk) (Combretaceae), Commiphora harveyi (Engl.) Engl. (Burseraceae), Khaya anthotheca (Welm.) C.DC (Meliaceae), Kirkia wilmsii Engl. (Kirkiaceae), Loxostylis alata A. Spreng. ex Rchb. (Anacardiaceae), Ochna natalitia (Meisn.) Walp. (Ochnaceae) and Protorhus longifolia (Bernh.) Engl. (Anacardiaceae). All the extracts had activity against at least one of the test organisms over an incubation period of 24 or 48 h. The MIC values of the non-polar and intermediate polarity extracts of O. natalitia, K. anthotheca, C. vendae, C. harveyi, and P. longifolia had MICs as low as 0.08 mg/ml against at least one of the tested bacteria. Furthermore, the acetone extracts of L. alata, K. wilmsii, O. natalitia and C. vendae had antifungal activities with MIC values ranging from 0.04 to 0.08 mg/ml against at least one of the tested fungi. The average MIC values of the plant extracts against the different bacteria ranged from 0.17 to 2.11 mg/ml, while the range was 0.23-1.98 mg/ml for fungi. The Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus and E. faecalis) were more susceptible to the plant extracts than the Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli and P. aeruginosa). E. faecalis was the most susceptible microbe and C. vendae extracts were the most active against nearly all the bacteria tested. The acetone extract of L. alata was the most active against fungal pathogens, with activity against at least 3 fungal organisms. L. alata was selected for further work to isolate compounds active against A. fumigatus and other fungal pathogens. © 2009 SAAB.	Antibacterial; Antifungal; Medicinal plants; Microdilution assay; Minimum inhibitory concentration	acetone; antimicrobial activity; concentration (composition); dilution; fungus; medicinal plant; pathogen; plant extract; poultry; Anacardiaceae; Animalia; Aspergillus fumigatus; Bacteria (microorganisms); Burseraceae; Candida albicans; Combretaceae; Combretum; Commiphora; Enterococcus faecalis; Escherichia coli; Filobasidiella neoformans; Fungi; Khaya anthotheca; Kirkia wilmsii; Kirkiaceae; Loxostylis alata; Meliaceae; Microsporum canis; Negibacteria; Ochna; Ochnaceae; Posibacteria; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Sporothrix schenckii; Staphylococcus aureus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84868307948	Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of some novel substituted 2-chloroacetanalides	Aschale M.	2012	International Journal of ChemTech Research	4	4	None	Head of Chemistry Department, College of Natural and Computation Sciences, Haramaya University, Ethiopia	Aschale, M., Head of Chemistry Department, College of Natural and Computation Sciences, Haramaya University, Ethiopia	The title compounds were prepared by the reaction of substituted primary amines with chloroacetylchloride in benzene. Structures of all these compounds have been elucidated by their elemental analysis, spectral studies and molecular weights. All the products were assayed for their antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Xanthomonas holcicola bacteria and Aspergillus niger and Fusarium oxysporum fungi and results were compared with that of reference drugs.	Antibacterial; Antifungal; Substituted chloroacetinilides	2 chloroacetanilide; 2 iodo 2 chloroacetanilide; 3 bromo 2 chloroacetanilide; 3 chloro 2 chloroacetanilide; 4 bromo 2 chloroacetanilide; 4 dimethylamino 2 chloroacetanilide; acetanilide derivative; amine; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; benzene; carbendazim; chloramphenicol; chloride; unclassified drug; 2 chloroacetanilide; 3 bromo 2 chloroacetanilide; 3 chloro 2 chloroacetanilide; 4 bromo 2 chloroacetanilide; 4 dimethylamino 2 chloroacetanilide; acetanilide derivative; antibiotic agent; antifungal agent; carbendazim; chloramphenicol; iodo 2 chloroacetanilide; antibacterial activity; antifungal activity; article; Aspergillus niger; carbon nuclear magnetic resonance; controlled study; drug synthesis; Fusarium oxysporum; infrared spectroscopy; molecular weight; nonhuman; physical chemistry; proton nuclear magnetic resonance; Staphylococcus aureus; substitution reaction; ultraviolet spectroscopy; Xanthomonas; Xanthomonas holcicola; drug structure; drug synthesis; Xanthomonas holicicola	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80052029940	Ethnopharmacological survey and in vitro evaluation of wound-healing plants used in South-western Nigeria	Adetutu A., Morgan W.A., Corcoran O.	2011	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	137	1	10.1016/j.jep.2011.03.073	Medicines Research Group, School of Health and Bioscience, University of East London, Water Lane, London E15 4LZ, United Kingdom; Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Nigeria	Adetutu, A., Medicines Research Group, School of Health and Bioscience, University of East London, Water Lane, London E15 4LZ, United Kingdom, Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Nigeria; Morgan, W.A., Medicines Research Group, School of Health and Bioscience, University of East London, Water Lane, London E15 4LZ, United Kingdom; Corcoran, O., Medicines Research Group, School of Health and Bioscience, University of East London, Water Lane, London E15 4LZ, United Kingdom	Ethnopharmacological relevance: Traditional healers in Nigeria employ a range of plant preparations as wound healing agents. Despite the use of local plants in wound healing, there is only scant literature on the wound healing properties of these plants to support the continued therapeutic application of these herbal remedies. Aim of the study: To document plants commonly used to treat wounds in South-western Nigeria and to test the scientific basis of such claims using relevant in vitro tests. Materials and methods: Structured questionnaires were used to determine which plant preparations are in common use, via interviews with Yoruba traditional healers. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the nine most common plants cited by the healers were collected, identified and tested using relevant in vitro wound healing assays. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis. Antioxidant activity was measured by DPPH assay and fibroblast proliferation determined by neutral red assay. Results: A total of 20 traditional healers from South-western Nigeria were involved in the study. Thirty-six plant species were recorded with their local names and parts used in the traditional wound healing preparations. Ethanolic extracts of nine species most frequently cited by the healers exhibited strong antioxidant activities (3.8-31.3 μg/ml) comparable to ascorbic acid (7.3 μg/ml). Crude extracts of the selected plants also inhibited the growth of bacteria with MIC values 0.3-7.6 mg/ml. Ethanol extracts of Bridelia ferruginea Benth. (1-30 μg/ml) and Parkia biglobosa Jacq. (15-30 μg/ml) influenced the proliferation of dermal fibroblasts significantly (p < 0.05). Extracts from the remaining seven plants either had no effect on fibroblast proliferation or were cytotoxic. Conclusion: Traditional use of many wound-healing plants from Nigeria can be rationalised by activity determined in relevant in vitro investigations of ethanol and aqueous extracts. These results support the traditional selection of these plants in South-western Nigeria for wound healing. © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd All rights reserved.	Antibacterial; Antioxidant; Fibroblast proliferation; Medicinal plants; Nigeria; Wound-healing	Acalypha wilkesiana extract; Aframomum melegueta extract; Ageratum conyzoides extract; annona senegalensis extract; Anogeissus leiocarpa extract; Azadirachta indica extract; Bridelia ferruginea extract; Capsicum frutescence extract; Carica papaya extract; Chromolaena odorata extract; Citrullus lanatus extract; Cocos nucifera extract; Crassocephalum crepidioides extract; Datura stramonium extract; Dichrostachys glomerata extract; Dioscorea hirtiflora extract; Diospyros canaliculata extract; euphorbia heterophylla extract; Euphorbia poissonii extract; Ficus asperifolia extract; Flabellaria paniculata extract; Hibiscus sabdariffa extract; Jatropha curcas extract; Lawsonia inermis extract; Lycopersicon esculentum extract; Morinda lucida extract; Nymphaea lotus extract; Parkia biglobosa extract; plant extract; unclassified drug; unindexed drug; Acalypha wilkesiana; Aframomum melegueta; ageratum conyzoides; annona senegalensis; Anogeissus leiocarpa; antibacterial activity; antioxidant activity; article; assay; Azadirachta indica; Bacillus subtilis; bark; bridelia ferruginea; Capsicum frutescence; cell proliferation; Chromolaena odorata; coconut; controlled study; Crassocephalum crepidioides; cytotoxicity; Datura stramonium; Dichrostachys glomerata; Dioscorea hirtiflora; Diospyros canaliculata; Escherichia coli; ethnopharmacology; euphorbia heterophylla; Euphorbia poissonii; Ficus asperifolia; Flabellaria paniculata; fruit; hibiscus sabdariffa; human; human cell; in vitro study; jatropha curcas; Lawsonia inermis; medicinal plant; minimum inhibitory concentration; morinda lucida; neutral red assay; Nigeria; nonhuman; Nymphaea lotus; ocimum gratissimum; Olax subscorpioides; papaya; Parkia biglobosa; Piliostigma thonningii; plant leaf; plant stem; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; questionnaire; Ricinus communis; Sida acuta; skin fibroblast; Staphylococcus aureus; tomato; traditional medicine; tridax procumbens; vernonia amygdalina; watermelon; wound healing; Xylopia aethiopica; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antioxidants; Bacteria; Biphenyl Compounds; Cell Proliferation; Cells, Cultured; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Ethnopharmacology; Fibroblasts; Humans; Medicine, African Traditional; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Nigeria; Picrates; Plant Preparations; Plants, Medicinal; Questionnaires; Wound Healing; Bacillus subtilis; Bridelia ferruginea; Escherichia coli; Parkia biglobosa; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus aureus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84866121518	Cobalt mediated ring contraction reaction of lapachol and initial antibacterial evaluation of naphthoquinones derived from lapachol	Eyong K.O., Kumar S.P., Kuete V., Folefoc G.N., Langmi H., Meyer M.J.J., Lall N., Baskaran S.	2012	Medicinal Chemistry Research	21	8	10.1007/s00044-011-9788-9	Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai 600 036, India; Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Yaounde 1, BP 812, Yaounde, Cameroon; Department of Biochemistry, University of Dschang, BP 67, Dschang, Cameroon; Department of Chemistry, University of Buea, 63, Buea, Cameroon; Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada; Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Biological Science, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	Eyong, K.O., Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai 600 036, India, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Yaounde 1, BP 812, Yaounde, Cameroon; Kumar, S.P., Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai 600 036, India; Kuete, V., Department of Biochemistry, University of Dschang, BP 67, Dschang, Cameroon, Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Biological Science, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Folefoc, G.N., Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Yaounde 1, BP 812, Yaounde, Cameroon, Department of Chemistry, University of Buea, 63, Buea, Cameroon; Langmi, H., Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada; Meyer, M.J.J., Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Biological Science, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Lall, N., Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Biological Science, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Baskaran, S., Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai 600 036, India	The synthesis of 2-hydroxy-2-(3-methylbut- 2-enyl)-2H-indene-1,3-dione 3, from lapachol which involves a ring contraction via the Hooker intermediate 1,2-dihydroxy-2-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro- 1H-indene-1- carboxylic acid 2 is described. Different pyranonaphthoquinone derivatives, obtained in our previous synthetic work, were screened for antimycobacterial (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) activity and against resistant strains of Gram-positive (Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria. The results indicated significant activity of all the tested samples against M. tuberculosis and only moderate activity against the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011.	Antibacterial; Antituberculosis; Lapachol; Naphthoquinones; Ring contraction	1 (2,3,4,9 tetrahydro 4,9 dioxonaphtho[2,3 b]furany 2 yl) 1 methylethyl nitrate; 1,4 dihydro 3 hydroxy 1,4 dioxo 2 naphthaleneacetaldehyde; 2 (1 methylethenyl) 2,3 dihydronaphtho[2,3 b]furan 4,9 dione; 2 (1' methylethenyl)naphtho[2,3 b]furan 4,9 dione; 2 (3 hydroxy 1,4 dioxo 1,4 dihydronaphthalene 2 yl)vinyl acetate; 2 acetyl furanonapthoquinone; 2 hydroxy 2 (3 methylbut 2 enyl) 2h indene 1,3 dione; beta lapachone; cobalt; gentamicin; isoniazid; lapachol; naphthoquinone; unclassified drug; antibacterial activity; article; Bacillus cereus; bacterial strain; chemical reaction; controlled study; drug screening; Escherichia coli; minimum inhibitory concentration; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; nonhuman; ring contraction reaction; Staphylococcus aureus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84893667565	Evaluation of the in vitro interaction of amoxicillin and cotrimoxazole antibiotics against resistant bacterial strains	Olajuyigbe O.O., Oyedeji O., Adedayo O.	2014	Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science	4	1	10.7324/JAPS.2014.40116	Biosciences and Biotechnology Department, Babcock University, Ilisan Remo, Nigeria; Phytomedicine Research Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa	Olajuyigbe, O.O., Biosciences and Biotechnology Department, Babcock University, Ilisan Remo, Nigeria, Phytomedicine Research Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa; Oyedeji, O., Biosciences and Biotechnology Department, Babcock University, Ilisan Remo, Nigeria; Adedayo, O., Biosciences and Biotechnology Department, Babcock University, Ilisan Remo, Nigeria	The in vitro combination effects of amoxicillin and cotrimoxazole on clinical isolates was investigated using the agar diffusion and macrobroth dilution methods. The results showed that these organisms had varied susceptibility to the different concentrations of each of these antibiotics and their combinations. The susceptibility of the isolates to the antibacterial combinations showed that they were susceptible in the following order: Streptococcus pyogenes (TD2) > Streptococcus pyogenes (TD10) > Streptococcus pneumoniae (TE10) > Salmonella typhi (TC6) > Salmonella typhi (TC2). The macrobroth assay showed a drastic reduction in the minimum inhibitory concentrations of both antibiotics. While the MIC of amoxicillin ranged between 0.1202 and 0.4808 μg/ml and that of cotrimoxazole ranged between 0.2405 and 0.9619 μg/ml, the MIC of the antibacterial combinations ranged between 0.00305 and 0.0150 μg/ml. A statistical analysis of the zones of inhibitions produced by the antibiotics and their combinations indicated that the mean differences between the zones of inhibitions were significantly diverse. This study showed that there was synergistic interaction between amoxicillin and cotrimoxazole in vitro and could be an alternative choice of therapy for the treatment of streptococcal and gastrointestinal infections in which these organisms have been implicated. © 2014 Olufunmiso Olusola Olajuyigbe et al.	Antibacterial combinations; Antibiotics; Bacteria; Drug-drug interaction; Synergy	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84860696720	Evaluation of the cost of therapy for the treatment of sexually transmitted infections in a Nigerian teaching hospital	Suleiman I.A., Tayo F.	2012	Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research	3	2	10.1111/j.1759-8893.2011.00067.x	Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, College of Medicine Campus, Idi-Araba, PMB 12003 Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria	Suleiman, I.A., Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, College of Medicine Campus, Idi-Araba, PMB 12003 Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria; Tayo, F., Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, College of Medicine Campus, Idi-Araba, PMB 12003 Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria	Objective To determine the cost of therapy to patients of sexually transmitted infections in a Nigerian teaching hospital. Methods A retrospective drug-utilization evaluation in conjunction with cost-of-illness analysis was used. Two hundred and twenty seven case notes containing 310 prescriptions of patients with sexually transmitted infections were examined over a 1-year period between 2005 and 2006. Relevant data including demographics, diagnosis, prescribed drugs and dosages were extracted and the associated costs, direct and indirect, were evaluated. Key findings Disease occurrence was higher among the most productive work force group of 21-40 years (59.0%), which had 82.0% of the prescriptions. The overall average cost of antibacterial agents for sexually transmitted infection per patient (n=227) was NGN977.85 (US$7.52) while the overall average cost per prescription (n=310) was NGN716.04 ($5.51). The highest average cost of antibacterial agents of NGN2028.00 ($15.60) was obtained for chlamydial infection. The overall average of cost of therapy per patient (n=227) was NGN2610.65 ($20.08). Chlamydial infection had the highest overall average cost of therapy, at NGN5408.92 ($41.60). The discounted average total cost of therapy for the year 2010 was $48.23 for chlamydial infection. Antibacterial agents constituted the highest cost component (37.5%) followed by indirect costs (26.5%). The average cost of therapy per patient of NGN2610.65 ($20.04) gave a 2010 discounted value of $23.23. Conclusion The cost of therapy for these infections to patients and the nation as a whole is huge. © 2011 The Authors. JPHSR © 2011 Royal Pharmaceutical Society.	Antibacterial cost; Antibacterial utilization; Cost-of-illness analysis; Drug cost; Infectious diseases; Pharmacoeconomics	antiinfective agent; adolescent; adult; article; child; chlamydiasis; condyloma acuminatum; cost of illness; drug cost; drug utilization; female; genital ulcer; gonorrhea; health care cost; human; major clinical study; male; Nigeria; pelvic inflammatory disease; pharmacoepidemiology; priority journal; retrospective study; school child; sexually transmitted disease; syphilis; teaching hospital; ulcus molle; urethritis; uterine cervicitis; vaginitis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-37049009948	Evaluation of a traditional decoction made from Psidium guajava and Zingiber officinale for anti bacterial activity	Adebolu T.T., Adeboye P.T., Adegbola N.B.	2007	Research Journal of Microbiology	2	12	None	Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	Adebolu, T.T., Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Adeboye, P.T., Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Adegbola, N.B., Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	A traditional decoction made from the leaves of Psidium guajava (guava) and rootstalk of Zingiber officinale (ginger) prepared in schnapps (42% v/v ethanol: water) that is widely used in Akoko North community in Ondo State, Nigeria to treat many diseases was evaluated for antibacterial activity on some common bacteria that cause diarrhea in south-west Nigeria. Its activity was compared with that of Psidium guajava leaf extract in schnapps without Zingiber officinale and Psidium guajava leaf extract in water with or without Zingiber officinale. The effect of storage temperature on the antibacterial activity of the extracts was also investigated. All the extracts inhibited the growth of all the test organisms which include Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), Shigella dysenteriae, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella tyhpi but the leaf extract in schnapps without Zingiber officinale gave the highest inhibition on the growth of the test organisms with diameter ranging from 7.0-16.0 mm. These values were comparable with the inhibition mediated by most of the antibiotics used. The inhibitory effect reached climax by the third day and declined to zero level for most of the test organisms by the fifth day. The storage temperatures used (4, 20, 28±2°C) did not have significant effect (p≥ 0.05) on the potency of the prepared extracts on the growth of the test organisms. It is being suggested that in the absence of immediate medical attention when one is having running stomach, this decoction may be used as first aid in the treatment of bacterial diarrhea caused by these organisms. © 2007 Academic Journals Inc.	Antibacterial effects; Diarrheal bacteria; Ginger rootstalks; Guava leaves; Schnapps	Bacteria (microorganisms); Chamaesyce degeneri; Escherichia coli; Psidium; Psidium guajava; Salmonella; Shigella dysenteriae; Staphylococcus aureus; Zingiber officinale	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84907424862	Evaluation of antibacterial activities of silver nanoparticles green-synthesized using pineapple leaf (Ananas comosus)	Emeka E.E., Ojiefoh O.C., Aleruchi C., Hassan L.A., Christiana O.M., Rebecca M., Dare E.O., Temitope A.E.	2014	Micron	57	C	10.1016/j.micron.2013.09.003	Department of Chemistry, Federal University Lafia, Nigeria; Department of Microbiology, Federal University Lafia, Nigeria; Department of Physics, Federal University Lafia, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Niger	Emeka, E.E., Department of Chemistry, Federal University Lafia, Nigeria; Ojiefoh, O.C., Department of Chemistry, Federal University Lafia, Nigeria; Aleruchi, C., Department of Microbiology, Federal University Lafia, Nigeria; Hassan, L.A., Department of Chemistry, Federal University Lafia, Nigeria; Christiana, O.M., Department of Microbiology, Federal University Lafia, Nigeria; Rebecca, M., Department of Physics, Federal University Lafia, Nigeria; Dare, E.O., Department of Chemistry, Federal University Lafia, Nigeria, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Nigeria; Temitope, A.E., Department of Chemistry, Federal University Lafia, Nigeria	Pineapple leaf was used in this study for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles based on the search for sustainable synthetic means. Indeed, this offered an economical and sustainable synthetic route relative to expensive and toxic chemical methods. The leaf extract was used and the corresponding nanoparticles obtained were subjected to UV-vis analysis at different times. The UV-vis was used to monitor the silver nanoparticle formation through sampling at time intervals. The formation of silver nanoparticles was apparently displayed within 2. min with evidence of surface plasmon bands (SPB) between 440 and 460. nm. The crystals was equally characterized using FTIR, X-ray diffraction methods and TEM. The different results obtained suggested the appearance of silver nanoparticles (SNPs) as determined by the process parameters with a particle size of 12.4. nm. The sample was further screened against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis and Escherichia coli using Gentamicin as control. From the results, there is evidence of inhibition towards bacteria growth. It can now be inferred from the studies that biosynthesis of nanoparticles could be a gateway to our numerous health issues. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.	Antibacterial; Esherichia coli; Gentamycin; Nanoparticles; Pineapple leaf	Bacteria; Biochemistry; Escherichia coli; Nanoparticles; Particle size; Synthesis (chemical); X ray diffraction; Anti-bacterial activity; Antibacterial; Esherichia coli; Gentamycin; Pineapple leaf; Silver nanoparticles (SNPs); Streptococcus pneumoniae; X-ray diffraction method; Silver; antiinfective agent; gentamicin; metal nanoparticle; nanoparticle; plant extract; silver; Ananas; article; chemistry; drug effect; Escherichia coli; Esherichia coli; infrared spectroscopy; microbial sensitivity test; Pineapple leaf; plant leaf; Proteus mirabilis; Staphylococcus aureus; Streptococcus pneumoniae; surface plasmon resonance; transmission electron microscopy; X ray diffraction; Antibacterial; Esherichia coli; Gentamycin; Nanoparticles; Pineapple leaf; Ananas; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Escherichia coli; Gentamicins; Metal Nanoparticles; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Proteus mirabilis; Silver; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Staphylococcus aureus; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Surface Plasmon Resonance; X-Ray Diffraction	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-73449110231	Phytochemical analysis and antibacterial evaluation of the leaf stem bark and root of the African locust bean (Parkia biglobosa)	Udobi C.E., Onaolapo J.A.	2009	Journal of Medicinal Plants Research	3	5	None	Department of Food Technology, College of Science and Technology, Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria	Udobi, C.E., Department of Food Technology, College of Science and Technology, Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna, Nigeria; Onaolapo, J.A., Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria	Antibacterial evaluation of the methanolic extract and aqueous fractions of the Leaf, Stem Bark and root of the African locust bean tree, Parkia biglobosa was carried out using the agar- well diffusion method. The extracts and their fractions were tested against two gram positive organisms - Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Bacillus subtilis NCTC 8326B76 and two gram negative organisms-Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC-27853. Results obtained confirmed a broad spectrum of activity as all the organisms used were inhibited by the extracts and their aqueous fractions at concentrations between 2.5 - 20 mg. Zones of clearing observed against S. aureus were more pronounced, distinct and wider than those against other organisms tested. It was closely followed by P. aeruginosa. Results of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) test using the aqueous fractions showed that the MIC ranged from 1.562 - 25mg/ml. This confirms the high activity of the aqueous fraction of the methanolic extract of the stem bark (WS) against S. aureus ATCC 25923 and P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853. The WS showed higher activity than the aqueous fraction of the methanolic extract of the leaf (WL) and the aqueous fraction of the methanolic extract of the root (WR). When the extracts were screened for secondary metabolites, tannins, flavonoids and saponins were detected among others. This was further confirmed by the aqueous fractions. These secondary metabolites are most likely responsible for the observed activity of the plant parts. Results obtained in this work justify the medicinal uses to which P. biglobosa parts have been employed traditionally in recipes for infection. © 2009 Academic Journals.	Antibacterial evaluation; Aqueous fraction; Minimum inhibitory concentration; Parkia biglobosa; Secondary metabolite	alkaloid; anthraquinone derivative; carbohydrate; cardiac glycoside; flavonoid; methanol; Parkia biglobosa extract; plant extract; resin; saponin derivative; tannin derivative; unclassified drug; water; african locust bean tree; agar diffusion; antibacterial activity; aqueous solution; article; Bacillus subtilis; bark; chemical composition; concentration response; drug identification; drug isolation; drug potency; drug screening; Escherichia coli; medicinal plant; minimum inhibitory concentration; nonhuman; Parkia biglobosa; phytochemistry; plant leaf; plant root; plant stem; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus aureus; Bacillus subtilis; Escherichia coli; Negibacteria; Parkia biglobosa; Parkia filicoidea; Posibacteria; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus aureus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955941535	Phytochemical and antibacterial evaluations of the stem bark of Newbouldia laevis against isolates from infected wounds and eyes	Akerele J.O., Ayinde B.A., Ngiagah J.	2011	Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research	10	2	None	Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	Akerele, J.O., Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Nigeria; Ayinde, B.A., Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Ngiagah, J., Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Nigeria	Purpose: To examine the phytochemical constituents and verify the ethnomedical claim of Newbouldia laevis (P.Beauv.) Seeman ex Bureau Bignoniaceae in treating septic wounds and eye problems. Methods: Applying standard methods, the phytochemical constituents of the stem bark were examined while the antibacterial potentials of the methanol extract of the stem bark and its organic solvent fractions were tested on clinical bacterial isolates from infected wounds and eyes using the agar - well diffusion method. Ciprofloxacin and gentamicin were used as standard controls. The time-kill kinetics of the methanol stem bark extract and ciprofloxacin were determined using isolates of Staphyloccocus aureus. Results: Phytochemical screening of the stem bark revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, saponins and alkaloids with no traces of cyanogenic glycosides. The 65 bacterial pathogens isolated included Proteus mirabilis (26.0 %) and Pseudomonas aeurginosa (17.4 %) from non-diabetic patients' wounds; Staphylococcus aureus (32.0 %) and Escherichia coli (16.0%) from diabetic patients' wounds; Staphylococcus aureus (35.3%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (35.3 %) from infected eyes. The chloroform fraction was observed to be more active on Gram- negative organisms while the aqueous fraction was more active on Gram-positive organisms. Time-kill kinetics of Staphylococcus aureus showed that the extract was bactericidal (99.9 % killing) at MIC and 2 x MIC after 24 and 3 hours, respectively. Conclusion: The study has established that the stem bark of Newbouldia laevis has antibacterial activities against bacterial isolates from infected wounds and eyes as claimed in ethnomedicinal practice. © Pharmacotherapy Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, 300001 Nigeria.	Antibacterial; Eye isolates; Newbouldia laevis; Phytochemical; Wound isolates	alkaloid; antiinfective agent; chloroform; ciprofloxacin; flavonoid; gentamicin; methanol; Newbouldia laevis extract; plant extract; saponin; tannin; unclassified drug; water; agar diffusion; antibacterial activity; article; bactericidal activity; bacterium isolate; bark; Bignoniaceae; concentration response; controlled study; drug screening; Escherichia coli; eye infection; fractionation; minimum inhibitory concentration; Newbouldia laevis; nonhuman; phytochemistry; Proteus mirabilis; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus aureus; traditional medicine; wound infection	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84943236465	Synthesis and anti-bacterial evaluation of novel thio- and oxazepino[7,6-b]quinolines	Hamidi H., Heravi M.M., Tajbakhsh M., Shiri M., Oskooie H.A., Shintre S.A., Koorbanally N.A.	2015	Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society	12	12	10.1007/s13738-015-0698-5	Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University, Vanak, Tehran, Iran; Department of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran; School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa	Hamidi, H., Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University, Vanak, Tehran, Iran; Heravi, M.M., Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University, Vanak, Tehran, Iran; Tajbakhsh, M., Department of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran; Shiri, M., Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University, Vanak, Tehran, Iran; Oskooie, H.A., Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University, Vanak, Tehran, Iran; Shintre, S.A., School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa; Koorbanally, N.A., School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa	Cyclocondensation of 2-chloroquinoline-3-carbaldehydes and 2-thiophenol/2-aminophenols led to the formation of benzo[2,3][1,4]thio- or oxazepino[7,6-b]quinolines. Ugi reaction of the latter compound with various carboxylic acids and isocyanides gave novel oxazepino[7,6-b]quinoline derivatives. All compounds were evaluated for their anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activities. Among them, compounds 4a, 4b and 4d showed moderate to good activity. © 2015 Iranian Chemical Society.	Anti-bacterial; Isocyanide; Oxazepinoquinolines; Thiazepinoquinolines; Ugi condensation	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79952527503	Evaluation of antibacterial activity of Piliostigma thonningiin (crude extract) and fractions 1-3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 against Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)	Daniyan S.Y., Galadima M., Ijah U.J.J., Odama L.E., Yusuf A.Y., Jigam A.A., Abbas Y.	2010	Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences	1	4	None	Department of Microbiology, Federal Univerity of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, Federal Univerity of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Nigeria; Department of Microbiology, Kogi State University, Ayigba, Nigeria; Department	Daniyan, S.Y., Department of Microbiology, Federal Univerity of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Nigeria; Galadima, M., Department of Microbiology, Federal Univerity of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Nigeria; Ijah, U.J.J., Department of Microbiology, Federal Univerity of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Nigeria; Odama, L.E., Department of Microbiology, Kogi State University, Ayigba, Nigeria; Yusuf, A.Y., Department of Microbiology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development(NIPRD) Idu, Abuja, Nigeria; Jigam, A.A., Department of Biochemistry, Federal Univerity of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Nigeria; Abbas, Y., Department of Microbiology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development(NIPRD) Idu, Abuja, Nigeria	Aim of this study is to investigate the antibacterial activity of traditional Nigeria medicines with special interest in anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) activity. Hexane, ethylacetate, methanol and aqueous extracts of this plant was prepared. Agar dilution, agar-well diffusion tests and MIC's were used to investigate antibacterial activity. Out of 4 extract that were evaluated for antibacterial activity using agar dilution technique only hexane extract gave the highest inhibition against all the MRSA isolates. Crude extract and fractions showed the highest levels of antibacterial activity overall with MIC's against MRSA in the range of 1.0 and 2.0mg/ml. The presence of antibacterial activity in extracts and fractions of leaves of P. thonningii plants traditionally used to treat skin infections, are reported for the first time. Extracts from P. thonningii, also used to treat wounds, had the widest spectrum of antibacterial activity.	Antibacterial; MRSA; Nigeria; Traditional medicines	Piliostigma thonningiin extract; plant extract; unclassified drug; vancomycin; agar dilution; antibacterial activity; article; bacterium isolate; diffusion; drug isolation; medicinal plant; methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus; minimum inhibitory concentration; Nigeria; nonhuman; Piliostigma thonningiin; plant leaf; methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Piliostigma; Piliostigma thonningii	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33947328036	Preliminary phytochemical and antibacterial evaluation of crude aqueous extract of Psidium guajava leaf	Geidam Y.A., Ambali A.G., Onyeyili P.A.	2007	Journal of Applied Sciences	7	4	None	Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B. 1069, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B.	Geidam, Y.A., Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B. 1069, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria; Ambali, A.G., Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B. 1069, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria; Onyeyili, P.A., Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B. 1069, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria	The leaves of Psidium guajava is used in folk medicine as an antidiarrhoic in Nigeria and many other countries of the world. It is also employed for the treatment of vertigo and regulation of menstrual periods. World health organization encourages and indicated that studies on medicinal plants should include both identification of chemical constituents and determination of the biological activities of such plants. In this preliminary study, phytochemical and antibacterial properties of crude aqueous extract of Psidium guajava leaf were evaluated. The extract was subjected to qualitative chemical screening for identification of various classes of active chemical constituents while disc diffusion method was used to determine the antibacterial properties of the extract against some gram positive and gram negative bacteria. The extract showed the presence of tannins, saponins, carbohydrates, flavonoids, steroids and cardiac glycosides. The extract inhibited the growth of Salmonella typhi and Klebsiella pneumoniae, but has no effect on the growth of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus fecalis organisms. The study revealed some antibacterial properties of the extract that justify the use of the plant in folk medicine. However, further studies need to be carried out to identify the potentials of the plant to be considered as a natural source of antibacterial agent. © 2007 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Antibacterial properties; Crude aqueous extract; Phytochemistry; Psidium guajava	Anti-bacterial agents; Antibacterial properties; Aqueous extracts; Disc diffusion methods; Gram-negative bacteria; Phytochemistry; Psidium guajava; World Health Organization; Diagnosis; Escherichia coli; Salmonella; Plants (botany)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80054735115	Economic evaluation of antibacterial usage in ear, nose and throat infections in a Nigerian teaching hospital	Suleiman I.A., Tayo F.	2011	International Journal of Health Research	4	1	None	Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, College of Medicine Campus, Idi-Araba, PMB 12003 Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria	Suleiman, I.A., Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, College of Medicine Campus, Idi-Araba, PMB 12003 Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria; Tayo, F., Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, College of Medicine Campus, Idi-Araba, PMB 12003 Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria	Purpose: To carry out economic evaluation of antibacterial usage for Ear, Nose and Throat infections in a tertiary health care facility in Nigeria. Methods: Antibacterial utilisation evaluation was carried out retrospectively over one year period by reviewing 122 case notes containing 182 prescriptions of patient with Ear Nose and Throat infections. Relevant data including demographics, diagnosis, prescribed drugs, dosages, were extracted and the associated costs analysed. Results: Highest prevalent rate of Ear, Nose and Throat infections occurred in children under 10 years of age (59.3%) with otitis media predominating (45.0%). Average antibacterial cost per case was N1971.37 (US$15.16). Penicillins were the most frequently prescribed (35.5%) at a cost of N89,468.00 (US$688.22) representing 24.9% of the total antibacterial cost. Cephalosporins were used at a rate of 12.1% with a percentage total antibacterial cost of 48.4% (N173,554.00, US$1335.03). Conclusion: The average cost of antibacterial agents to patients studied is high. This call for prudent use of these agents which should be evidence based and closely monitored. © Poracom Academic Publishers. All rights reserved.	Antibacterial Therapy; Antibacterial Utilization Studies; Infectious diseases; Pharmacoeconomics	amikacin; aminoglycoside antibiotic agent; amoxicillin; amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid; ampicillin; ampicillin plus cloxacillin; antiinfective agent; ceftazidime; ceftriaxone; cefuroxime; cephalosporin derivative; ciprofloxacin; cloxacillin; cotrimoxazole; erythromycin; gentamicin; imidazole derivative; macrolide; metronidazole; penicillin derivative; quinoline derived antiinfective agent; roxithromycin; sulfonamide; acute otitis media; adolescent; adult; age distribution; article; bronchopneumonia; child; chronic suppurative otitis media; controlled study; demography; drug choice; drug cost; drug monitoring; drug use; ear infection; economic evaluation; evidence based medicine; female; health care cost; high risk population; human; infant; infection rate; major clinical study; male; newborn; Nigeria; nose infection; otitis media; pharyngitis; preschool child; prescription; prevalence; retrospective study; school child; teaching hospital; tertiary health care; tonsillitis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-60349111330	Evaluation of resistance in selected cocoa genotypes to the brown cocoa mirid, Sahlbergella singularis Haglund in Nigeria	Anikwe J.C., Omoloye A.A., Aikpokpodion P.O., Okelana F.A., Eskes A.B.	2009	Crop Protection	28	4	10.1016/j.cropro.2008.11.014	Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B. 5244, Idi-Ayunre, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Department of Crop Protection and Environmental Biology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Bioversity International, URAD, Agropolis, France	Anikwe, J.C., Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B. 5244, Idi-Ayunre, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Omoloye, A.A., Department of Crop Protection and Environmental Biology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Aikpokpodion, P.O., Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B. 5244, Idi-Ayunre, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Okelana, F.A., Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B. 5244, Idi-Ayunre, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Eskes, A.B., Bioversity International, URAD, Agropolis, France	The use of host-plant resistance is the most economic and ecologically sound option for the control of the most important insect pest of cocoa, Sahlbergella singularis leaving no deleterious side effects on the produce and the environment. 44 genotypes comprising 24 hybrids and 20 clones were assessed for antixenosis whereas 25 and 28 genotypes were tested for antibiosis and tolerance, respectively. The brown cocoa mirids showed significant non-preference for genotypes T65/7xT57/22, T65/7xT9/15, P7xPa150, T53/5xN38, T53/5xT12/11, T65/35xT30/13, F3 Amazon, T86/2xT16/17, T65/7xT53/8, T86/2xT65/35, T82/27xT16/17, T9/15, T12/5, T30/13, C77, T53/8, T53/5, EET59, Pa150, UF 676, Amaz15-15, BE 10, SPEC54 and Pa107. Mirid survival (antibiosis) was lowest in EET59 (28.7%) while it ranged from 52.2 to 67.8% in genotypes BE10, Amaz15-15, SPEC54, UF 676, P7xPa150, and Pa107. The indigenous clone N38 had the highest number of lesions of 12.2 in the field while EET59, IFC-5, Playa Alta, BE10, Amaz15-15 and SPEC54 had mirid lesions of 2.7, 3.3, 5.2, 5.3, 5.5 and 5.5; respectively. However, in terms of recovery from mirid damage and dieback progression which were important parameters assessed in tolerance, Clones ICS1, EET59, BE 10, Amaz15-15, SPEC54 and Pa 102 showed highest rate of recovery from mirid damage and lowest dieback progression. Clones UF 676, C77, Pa150 and F3 Amazon also showed moderate recovery from mirid damage with mean scores of 1.2, 2.3, 1.6, 1.4, 1.7, 1.4 and 1.5, respectively. UF 676, C77, Pa150 and F3 Amazon performed moderately well in terms of tolerance. Some of these genotypes such as BE10, Amaz15-15, SPEC54, UF 676, P7xPa150, and Pa107 were very consistent in all mechanisms of resistance tested and therefore adjudged as resistant cocoa genotypes. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Antibiosis; Antixenosis; Cocoa genotypes; Sahlbergella singularis; Tolerance	clone; cocoa; genotype; host plant; pest resistance; testing method; Africa; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Hexapoda; Miridae; Sahlbergella singularis; Theobroma cacao	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34547670304	Larval performance of the pyralid borer Eldana saccharina Walker and stalk damage in sugarcane: Influence of plant silicon, cultivar and feeding site	Kvedaras O.L., Keeping M.G., Goebel F.R., Byrne M.J.	2007	International Journal of Pest Management	53	3	10.1080/09670870601110956	South African Sugarcane Research Institute, Mount Edgecombe, South Africa; School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits, South Africa; Centre de Cooperation Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Developpement, Unité de Recherche Systèmes Canniers, Montpellier, France	Kvedaras, O.L., South African Sugarcane Research Institute, Mount Edgecombe, South Africa, School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits, South Africa; Keeping, M.G., South African Sugarcane Research Institute, Mount Edgecombe, South Africa, School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits, South Africa; Goebel, F.R., Centre de Cooperation Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Developpement, Unité de Recherche Systèmes Canniers, Montpellier, France; Byrne, M.J., School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits, South Africa	Applied silicon (Si) can improve resistance of plants to insect attack. We investigated the interactions between soil applied Si, sugarcane cultivar, and three documented feeding/penetration sites (internode, leaf bud, and root primordia), each at three heights (top, middle, and base) on the stalk and their effects on stem borer, Eldana saccharina Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) performance and the stalk damage it inflicts. Four sugarcane cultivars, treated (Si+) and untreated (Si-) with calcium silicate, were artificially infested with E. saccharina and the larvae were examined 21 days later. Silicon treatment significantly increased stalk Si content in all sugarcane cultivars and, overall, significantly reduced borer growth rate and also reduced stalk damage, particularly at the internode. Borer survival and growth rate and stalk damage were lowest at the internode, particularly in Si+ resistant cultivars. Although the internode had the hardest rind, hardness at each site was not significantly increased by Si+.	Antibiosis; Calcium silicate; Host plant resistance; Integrated Pest Management; Mechanical barrier; Saccharum	calcium; cultivar; host plant; integrated pest management; larval settlement; pest resistance; sugar cane; Eldana saccharina; Hexapoda; Lepidoptera; Pyralidae; Saccharum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960564561	Evaluation of the antibiotic biosynthetic potential of the genus Amycolatopsis and description of Amycolatopsis circi sp. nov., Amycolatopsis equina sp. nov. and Amycolatopsis hippodromi sp. nov	Everest G.J., Meyers P.R.	2011	Journal of Applied Microbiology	111	2	10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.05058.x	Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Everest, G.J., Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Meyers, P.R., Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Aims: To describe three new Amycolatopsis strains and assess the antibiotic biosynthetic potential of the genus. Methods and Results: Three strains, designated S1·3T, S3·6T and SE(8)3T, belonging to the genus Amycolatopsis were isolated and found to cluster together by 16S rRNA and gyrB gene-based phylogenetic analysis. Genetic distance values, based on the gyrB gene, were calculated between the strains and their closest relatives and were all above the threshold value of 0·02 that has been proposed to distinguish Amycolatopsis type strains. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments against related type strains confirmed that strain S3·6T represents a unique genomic species. Strain S3·6T was also found to be distinct from strains S1·3T and SE(8)3T, the latter two of which were also shown to be distinct from each other. Antibiotic biosynthetic genes were identified from multiple Amycolatopsis strains, and their presence was found to be phylogenetically associated. Conclusions: The data presented in this study indicate that strains S1·3T, SE(8)3T and S3·6T belong to three novel species, for which the names Amycolatopsis circi sp. nov. (=DSM 45561T=NRRL B-24841T), Amycolatopsis equina sp. nov. (=DSM 45563T=NRRL B-24842T) and Amycolatopsis hippodromi sp. nov. (=DSM 45562T=NRRL B-24843T) are proposed. Significance and Impact of the Study: Three new species of Amycolatopsis are described, and the knowledge of the antibiotic biosynthetic potential of the genus has been extended. © 2011 The Authors. Journal of Applied Microbiology © 2011 The Society for Applied Microbiology.	Antibiotic biosynthetic potential; Family Pseudonocardiaceae; Fynbos; gyrB genetic distance; Nocardioform actinomycetes; Rapid genus identification	ansamycin derivative; antibiotic agent; avoparcin; DNA topoisomerase (ATP hydrolysing) B; genomic DNA; RNA 16S; antibiotics; genomics; hybridization; new genus; new species; phylogenetics; Amycolatopsis alba; Amycolatopsis albidoflavus; Amycolatopsis australiensis; Amycolatopsis azurea; Amycolatopsis balhimycina; Amycolatopsis benzoatilytica; Amycolatopsis circi; Amycolatopsis coloradensis; Amycolatopsis decaplanina; Amycolatopsis echigonensis; Amycolatopsis equina; Amycolatopsis eurytherma; Amycolatopsis halophila; Amycolatopsis halotolerans; Amycolatopsis helveola; Amycolatopsis hippodromi; Amycolatopsis japonica; Amycolatopsis jejuensis; Amycolatopsis kentuckyensis; Amycolatopsis keratiniphila; Amycolatopsis lexingtonensi; Amycolatopsis lurida; Amycolatopsis marina; Amycolatopsis methanolica; Amycolatopsis minnesotensis; Amycolatopsis nigrescens; Amycolatopsis niigatensis; Amycolatopsis palatopharyngis; Amycolatopsis pigmentata; Amycolatopsis plumensis; Amycolatopsis pretoriensis; Amycolatopsis regifaucium; Amycolatopsis rifamycinica; Amycolatopsis rubida; Amycolatopsis saalfeldensis; Amycolatopsis sacchari; Amycolatopsis samaneae; Amycolatopsis taiwanensis; Amycolatopsis thailandensis; Amycolatopsis thermoflava; Amycolatopsis tolypomycina; Amycolatopsis tucumanensis; Amycolatopsis ultiminotia; Amycolatopsis vancoresmycina; Amycolatopsis xylanica; antibiotic biosynthesis; article; bacterial strain; bacterium identification; bacterium isolation; DNA hybridization; Escherichia coli; genetic analysis; Mycobacterium aurum; nocardia mediterranea; nocardia orientalis; nonhuman; nucleotide sequence; parsimony analysis; phylogenetic tree; phylogeny; Pseudonocardiaceae; Saccharopolyspora; Staphylococcus aureus; unindexed sequence; Actinomycetales; Anti-Bacterial Agents; DNA, Bacterial; Molecular Sequence Data; Phenotype; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Actinobacteria (class); Amycolatopsis; Pseudonocardiaceae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80053089228	Performance and carcass characteristics of broiler finishers fed acidifier based diets	Ogunwole O.A., Abu O.A., Adepoju I.A.	2011	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	10	7	10.3923/pjn.2011.631.636	Department of Animal Science, University of lbadan, lbadan, Oyo State, Nigeria	Ogunwole, O.A., Department of Animal Science, University of lbadan, lbadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Abu, O.A., Department of Animal Science, University of lbadan, lbadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Adepoju, I.A., Department of Animal Science, University of lbadan, lbadan, Oyo State, Nigeria	Effects of supplementing diets with Biotronics SE (an acidifier) in replacement of Oxytetracycline- HCI (Antibiotic Growth Promoter) (AGP) on performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens was investigated using 128 Marshall Strain day old broilers. The birds were randomly allotted to four treatments with each treatment made of a duplicate of 16 chicks per replicate. Four isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets (A: control diet without Oxytetracycline-HCI and Biotronics SE®; Diet B had 0.1% Oxytetracycline-HCI only, Diet C contained 0.3% Biotronics SE® only while Diet D contained 0.1% Oxytetracycline HCI and 0.3% Biotronics SE®) were formulated and each diet was offered in mash form to their respective birds from day 21 until week 7. At day 49, four chickens from each replicate were selected and sacrificed for the determination of carcass characteristics. Weight gain and feed intake were significantly higher (p<0.05) for birds on dietary treatment D. Variations in values obtained for the final body weight and mortality indices were however similar (p>0.05). Biotronics supplementation significantly improved (p<0.05) feed conversion ratio, live weight gain and bled weight. Other carcass and internal organs weights were not significantly (p>0.05) affected by the inclusion of AGP or acidifier in the diets. Biotronics SE can suitably replace AGP in broilers diets. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2011.	Antibiotic growth promoter; Biotronics SE®; Broiler; Carcass characteristics; Performance; Supplementation	oxytetracycline; animal experiment; animal food; article; broiler; carcass; chick; controlled study; diet supplementation; food intake; growth rate; nonhuman; organ weight; poultry farming; task performance; therapy effect; treatment duration; weight gain; Aves; Gallus gallus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84938827709	Evaluation of bacteriostatic potency of expired oral paediatric antibiotics and implications on infant health	Ogunshe A., Adinmonyema P.	2014	Pan African Medical Journal	19	None	10.11604/pamj.2014.19.378.2156	Applied Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Ogunshe, A., Applied Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Adinmonyema, P., Applied Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Introduction: in spite of significant risks, as well as non-clinical importance due to loss of potency, stiff penalties against administration of expired medications are still not appropriately enforced by health policy makers in many developing countries, possibly because of little evidence to support that expired medications are hazardous. The purpose of this study therefore, was to investigate the effect of expiration dates on in vitro bacteriostatic potentials of oral paediatric antibiotics. Methods: comparative bacteriostatic potentials of 31 expired and seven corresponding unexpired oral paediatric antibiotics were determined on infantile diarrhoeagenic bacteria, using a modification of agar well-diffusion method. Results: verall total percentage in vitro resistance rates against expired and unexpired paediatric antibiotics respectively were - E. coli (≤100% vs. ≤15.9%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (≤100% vs. ≤31.3%), Proteus mirabilis (≤91.7% vs. ≤41.7%) and Staphylococcus aureus (≤100% vs. ≤18.2%). Resistance rates of 45.5-55.8% (sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim 5), 39.5-63.6% (amoxycillin 6), 46.5-54.5% (cotrimoxazole 7), 37.5-63.6% (ampicillin + cloxacillin 18), and higher resistance rates of ≥75.0-100% were exhibited towards remaining expired antibiotics. Higher total resistance and multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) rates were also recorded against expired antibiotics (45.2-93.5%) compared to unexpired antibiotics (28.6-57.2%), except for few strains of E. coli and Proteus mirabilis. Furthermore, unexpired paediatric antibiotics exhibited wider zones of inhibition towards the test diarrhoeagenic bacteria (≥25.0 mm diameter). Conclusion: this study provided preliminary microbiological results on the appreciable reduction in in vitro bacteriostatic potentials, as well as higher resistance and multiple antibiotic resistance rates among expired oral paediatric antibiotics on infantile diarrhoeagenic bacteria. Apart from less-efficacy, administration of expired antibiotics can lead to increased antibiotic resistance and clinical treatment failure, as well as adverse drug reactions. © Adenike Ogunshe et al.	Antibiotic resistance; Drug allergy; Drug degradation; Drug toxicity; Expired antibiotics; Infant mortality; Paediatric antibiotics; Paediatric health	amoxicillin; ampicillin plus cloxacillin; antibiotic agent; cotrimoxazole; antiinfective agent; agar diffusion; antibiotic resistance; Article; bacteriostasis; child; child health; controlled study; Escherichia coli; expiration date; human; in vitro study; infant; Klebsiella pneumoniae; nonhuman; Proteus mirabilis; Staphylococcus aureus; drug effects; drug stability; drug storage; growth, development and aging; infant welfare; microbial sensitivity test; oral drug administration; preschool child; statistics and numerical data; Administration, Oral; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child, Preschool; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Drug Stability; Drug Storage; Escherichia coli; Humans; Infant; Infant Welfare; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Staphylococcus aureus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84936880227	Impact of bioaccessible pyrene on the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes during Sphingobium sp.- and sophorolipid-enhanced bioremediation in soil	Sun M., Ye M., Wu J., Feng Y., Shen F., Tian D., Liu K., Hu F., Li H., Jiang X., Yang L., Kengara F.O.	2015	Journal of Hazardous Materials	300	None	10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.06.065	Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China; Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China; Department of Chemistry, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya	Sun, M., Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China, Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China; Ye, M., State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China; Wu, J., Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China; Feng, Y., Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China; Shen, F., Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China; Tian, D., Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China; Liu, K., Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China; Hu, F., Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China; Li, H., Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China; Jiang, X., State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China; Yang, L., Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China; Kengara, F.O., Department of Chemistry, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya	Soils are exposed to various types of chemical contaminants due to anthropogenic activities; however, research on persistent organic pollutants and the existence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is limited. To our knowledge, the present work for the first time focused on the bioremediation of soil co-contaminated with pyrene and tetracycline/sulfonamide-resistance genes. After 90 days of incubation, the pyrene concentration and the abundance of the four ARGs (tetW, tetM, sulI, and sulII) significantly decreased in different treatment conditions (p<0.05). The greatest pyrene removal (47.8%) and greatest decrease in ARG abundance (from 10-7 to 10-8 ARG copies per 16S rRNA copy) were observed in microcosms with a combination of bacterial and sophorolipid treatment. Throughout the incubation, pyrene bioaccessibility constantly declined in the microcosm inoculated with bacteria. However, an increased pyrene bioaccessibility and ARG abundance at day 40 were observed in soil treated with sophorolipid alone. Tenax extraction methods and linear correlation analysis indicated a strong positive relationship between the rapidly desorbing fraction (F<inf>r</inf>) of pyrene and ARG abundance. Therefore, we conclude that bioaccessible pyrene rather than total pyrene plays a major role in the maintenance and fluctuation of ARG abundance in the soil. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.	Antibiotic resistance genes; Bioaccessible pyrene; Sophorolipid; Sphingobium sp. PHE3	Antibiotics; Bioremediation; Biotechnology; Fluorine; Genes; Organic pollutants; Pollution; Pyrene; RNA; Soils; Anthropogenic activity; Antibiotic resistance genes; Chemical contaminants; Enhanced bioremediation; Linear correlation analysis; Persistent organic pollutant (POP); Sophorolipids; Sphingobium; Soil pollution; antibiotic agent; antibiotic resistant protein; bacterial protein; lipid; multidrug resistance protein; pyrene; RNA 16S; sophorolipid; sulfanilamide; tetracycline; unclassified drug; abundance; antibiotic resistance; antibiotics; bacterium; bioremediation; chemical pollutant; human activity; lipid; organic pollutant; pollutant removal; pyrene; soil pollution; antibiotic resistance; Article; bacterial gene; bacterial strain; bacterium culture; bioaccumulation; bioremediation; controlled study; correlation analysis; desorption; extraction; fractionation; incubation time; microcosm; nonhuman; soil; soil pollution; Sphingobacteria; Sphingobium; waste component removal; Bacteria (microorganisms); Sphingobium	SEPR2014-01, CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Scopus	2-s2.0-80052825092	Evaluation of ginger (Zingiber officinale) as a feed additive in broiler diets	Mohammed A.A., Yusuf M.	2011	Livestock Research for Rural Development	23	9	None	Department of Animal Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria	Mohammed, A.A., Department of Animal Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria; Yusuf, M., Department of Animal Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria	This study was carried out to evaluate ginger (Zingiber officinale) as a feed additive in broiler diets. Thus, eighty four day old Anak strain broiler chicks were fed on various levels of supplemental ginger in addition to a control diet (treatment1) without ginger inclusion. The treatments had 250g, 500g and 750g supplemental ginger inclusion per 100 kg diet respectively. There were no differences among treatments in all the performance parameters observed. Further studies should be carried out on the use of ginger as a feed additive in broiler diets.	Antibiotics; Broiler; Diets; Feed additives; Pro-nutrients	Zingiber officinale	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956011911	Impact of livestock hygiene education programs on mastitis in smallholder water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) in Chitwan, Nepal	Ng L., Jost C., Robyn M., Dhakal I.P., Bett B., Dhakal P., Khadka R.	2010	Preventive Veterinary Medicine	96	04-Mar	10.1016/j.prevetmed.2010.06.012	Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, MA 01581, United States; International Livestock Research Institute, Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya; Tribhuvan University Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science Veterinary School, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal	Ng, L., Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, MA 01581, United States; Jost, C., International Livestock Research Institute, Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya; Robyn, M., Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, MA 01581, United States; Dhakal, I.P., Tribhuvan University Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science Veterinary School, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal; Bett, B., International Livestock Research Institute, Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya; Dhakal, P., Tribhuvan University Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science Veterinary School, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal; Khadka, R., Tribhuvan University Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science Veterinary School, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal	A project implemented from 2003 to 2005 trained women in Chitwan District, Nepal, in hygienic dairy production using a process of social mobilization. The aim of this research was to assess if the prevalence of mastitis in water buffalo in the households of women who were trained was lower one year after training than in untrained households, if the training influenced knowledge and practices for the prevention or control of mastitis, and if these practices and knowledge were associated with a lower prevalence of mastitis. A total of 202 households from Eastern and Western Chitwan District were included in the study. Of these, 60 households had participated in the project and 142 had not. Milk samples were collected from 129 households (33 project households and 96 non-project households). Clinical mastitis was determined using visual inspection of udders and detection of macroscopic clots and flakes in milk. The California Mastitis Test was used to diagnose sub-clinical mastitis from milk samples, and the IDEXX SNAP test to identify the presence of tetracycline residues. The prevalence of mastitis in trained households (39.4%) was 43.78% of that in untrained households (60.4%), lower but not significantly so (p=0.08, 95% CI 0.17-1.12). Thirteen indicators of knowledge or practice for the control or prevention of mastitis were more likely to occur in trained households, four significantly so (not consuming milk from sick buffalo (p=0.001), using soap to wash hands before milking (p=0.001), discarding milk after antibiotic usage (p=0.01), and choosing appropriate flooring for their livestock (p=0.03)). Trained households that discarded milk from sick buffalo were 2.96 times more likely to have at least one animal with mastitis in the household (p=0.03, 95% CI 1.15-7.65). Trained households that knew to wash buffalos' teats after milking were less likely (OR 0.25) to have mastitis in their herd (p=0.02, 95% CI 0.08-0.80). Of the 138 buffalos tested, only one tested positive for tetracycline residues. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.	Antibiotics; Bubalus bubalis; Education; Mastitis; Nepal; Training; Water buffalo	antiinfective agent; drug residue; tetracycline; animal; animal disease; article; buffalo; chemistry; dairying; education; female; hygiene; mastitis; microbiology; milk; Nepal; prevalence; standard; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Buffaloes; Dairying; Drug Residues; Female; Hygiene; Mastitis; Milk; Nepal; Prevalence; Tetracycline; Animalia; Bubalus; Bubalus bubalis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84934959080	Impact of rapid diagnostic tests for the diagnosis and treatment of malaria at a peripheral health facility in Western Uganda: An interrupted time series analysis	Boyce R.M., Muiru A., Reyes R., Ntaro M., Mulogo E., Matte M., Siedner M.J.	2015	Malaria Journal	14	1	10.1186/s12936-015-0725-0	Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, United States; Center for Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, 100 Cambridge Street #1540, Boston, United States; Department of Community Health, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda	Boyce, R.M., Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, United States; Muiru, A., Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, United States, Center for Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, 100 Cambridge Street #1540, Boston, United States; Reyes, R., Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, United States; Ntaro, M., Department of Community Health, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda; Mulogo, E., Department of Community Health, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda; Matte, M., Department of Community Health, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda; Siedner, M.J., Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, United States, Center for Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, 100 Cambridge Street #1540, Boston, United States	Background: The World Health Organization recommends that all suspected malaria cases receive a parasitological diagnosis prior to treatment with artemisinin-based combination therapy. A recent meta-analysis of clinical trials evaluating RDTs for the management of patients with fever found substantial reductions in anti-malarial prescriptions when health workers adhered to treatment protocols based on test results. However few studies have reported on the impact of RDTs on health systems outside research settings. Methods: The study comprised a retrospective interrupted time series analysis, comparing rates of malaria diagnosis, treatment, and resource utilization before and after introduction of RDTs at a peripheral health facility in rural Western Uganda. The use of malaria diagnostic tests was graphically depicted throughout the study period and fit regression models to identify correlates of three outcomes of interest: (1) length of stay (2) the proportion of patients referred to a higher-level health facility, and (3) administration of antibiotics. Results: Over the course of the study period, 14,357 individuals underwent diagnostic testing for malaria with either a RDT (9,807) or microscopy (4,550). The proportion of patients with parasite-based diagnoses more than tripled to 34 % after the introduction of RDTs. RDTs largely replaced microscopy as the diagnostic method of choice. Compared to patients admitted during the pre-RDT period, patients admitted to the health centre with malaria in the post-RDT period had significantly reduced odds of being referred to another health centre (AOR∈=∈0.49, P∈=∈0.038), receiving antibiotics (AOR∈=∈0.42, P∈<∈0.001), and a significantly shorter mean length of stay (β∈=∈-0.32 days, 95 %CI -0.52 to -0.13). Conclusions: This study is one of the few to demonstrate significant improvement in clinical outcomes and process measures following the introduction of RDTs for the diagnosis of malaria at a rural health facility in Uganda. The results show a reduction in referrals and shorter mean inpatient LOS even as antibiotics were prescribed less frequently. This change greatly increased laboratory throughput and the resultant proportion of patients receiving a parasite-based diagnosis. © 2015 Boyce et.al; licensee BioMed Central.	Antibiotics; Case management; Malaria; Outcomes; Rapid diagnostic tests	antibiotic agent; adult; Article; blood smear; child; comorbidity; diagnostic test; diarrhea; female; gastroenteritis; health care facility; hospital admission; hospital discharge; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; length of stay; major clinical study; malaria; male; microscopy; patient referral; pneumonia; rapid test; respiratory tract infection; retrospective study; rural health care; time series analysis; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928125511	Global occurrence of anti-infectives in contaminated surface waters: Impact of income inequality between countries	Segura P.A., Takada H., Correa J.A., El Saadi K., Koike T., Onwona-Agyeman S., Ofosu-Anim J., Sabi E.B., Wasonga O.V., Mghalu J.M., dos Santos A.M., Newman B., Weerts S., Yargeau V.	2015	Environment International	80	None	10.1016/j.envint.2015.04.001	Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Canada; Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, McGill University, Canada; Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Canada; School of Agriculture, University of Ghana, Ghana; School of Engineering Sciences, University of Ghana, Ghana; Department of Land Resource Management and Agricultural Technology, University of Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Biological Sciences, Pwani University College, Kenya; Faculty of Agronomy and Forestry Engineering, Eduardo Mondlane University, Mozambique; Coastal Systems Research Group, Ecosystem Services Competence Area, Natural Resources and the Environment, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), South Africa	Segura, P.A., Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Canada; Takada, H., Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan; Correa, J.A., Department of Mathematics and Statistics, McGill University, Canada; El Saadi, K., Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Canada; Koike, T., Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan; Onwona-Agyeman, S., Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan; Ofosu-Anim, J., School of Agriculture, University of Ghana, Ghana; Sabi, E.B., School of Engineering Sciences, University of Ghana, Ghana; Wasonga, O.V., Department of Land Resource Management and Agricultural Technology, University of Nairobi, Kenya; Mghalu, J.M., Department of Biological Sciences, Pwani University College, Kenya; dos Santos, A.M., Faculty of Agronomy and Forestry Engineering, Eduardo Mondlane University, Mozambique; Newman, B., Coastal Systems Research Group, Ecosystem Services Competence Area, Natural Resources and the Environment, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), South Africa; Weerts, S., Coastal Systems Research Group, Ecosystem Services Competence Area, Natural Resources and the Environment, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), South Africa; Yargeau, V., Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Canada	The presence anti-infectives in environmental waters is of interest because of their potential role in the dissemination of anti-infective resistance in bacteria and other harmful effects on non-target species such as algae and shellfish. Since no information on global trends regarding the contamination caused by these bioactive substances is yet available, we decided to investigate the impact of income inequality between countries on the occurrence of anti-infectives in surface waters. In order to perform such study, we gathered concentration values reported in the peer-reviewed literature between 1998 and 2014 and built a database. To fill the gap of knowledge on occurrence of anti-infectives in African countries, we also collected 61 surface water samples from Ghana, Kenya, Mozambique and South Africa, and measured concentrations of 19 anti-infectives. A mixed one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model, followed by Turkey-Kramer post hoc tests was used to identify potential differences in anti-infective occurrence between countries grouped by income level (high, upper-middle and lower-middle and low income) according to the classification by the World Bank. Comparison of occurrence of anti-infectives according to income level revealed that concentrations of these substances in contaminated surface waters were significantly higher in low and lower-middle income countries (. p=. 0.0001) but not in upper-middle income countries (. p=. 0.0515) compared to high-income countries. We explained these results as the consequence of the absence of or limited sewage treatment performed in lower income countries. Furthermore, comparison of concentrations of low cost anti-infectives (sulfonamides and trimethoprim) and the more expensive macrolides between income groups suggest that the cost of these substances may have an impact on their environmental occurrence in lower income countries. Since wastewaters are the most important source of contamination of anti-infectives and other contaminants of emerging concern in the environment, it is expected that deleterious effects to the aquatic biota caused by these substances will be more pronounced in countries with inadequate wastewater and collection infrastructure. With the information currently available, we could not evaluate either the role of the receiving environment or the importance of regulatory frameworks on the occurrence of anti-infectives in surface waters. Future studies should focus on these two factors in order to better evaluate risks to aquatic ecosystems in LM & LICs. We propose that CECs such as anti-infectives could be used as a new class of environmental degradation indicators that could be helpful to assess the state of development of wastewater collection and treatment infrastructure around the world. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.	Antibiotics; Developing countries; Macrolides; Occurrence; Quinolones; Rivers; Sulfonamides; Tetracyclines; Trimethoprim	Amides; Antibiotics; Aquatic ecosystems; Contamination; Developing countries; Metabolites; Regression analysis; Rivers; Sewage treatment; Sulfur compounds; Wastewater treatment; Macrolides; Occurrence; Quinolones; Sulfonamides; Tetracyclines; Trimethoprim; Surface waters; antiinfective agent; azithromycin; chlortetracycline; clarithromycin; dehydroerythromycin; diaminopyrimidine; doxycycline; lincomycin; macrolide; minocycline; oxytetracycline; roxithromycin; sulfadimethoxine; sulfadimidine; sulfamerazine; sulfamethizole; sulfamethoxazole; sulfapyridine; sulfathiazole; surface water; trimethoprim; tylosin; unclassified drug; antiinfective agent; fresh water; waste water; water pollutant; antibiotics; developing world; environmental degradation; income distribution; regulatory framework; surface water; water pollution; aquatic environment; Article; concentration (parameters); drug cost; environmental exposure; environmental impact; Ghana; Kenya; lowest income group; Mozambique; priority journal; sewage treatment; socioeconomics; South Africa; waste water; water analysis; water contamination; analysis; biota; chemistry; economics; ecosystem; environmental monitoring; income; procedures; social status; Turkey; water pollutant; Ghana; Kenya; Mozambique; South Africa; algae; Anti-Infective Agents; Biota; Ecosystem; Environmental Monitoring; Fresh Water; Ghana; Income; Mozambique; Social Conditions; South Africa; Turkey; Waste Water; Water Pollutants, Chemical	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77954717657	Depletion of resuscitation-promoting factors has limited impact on the drug susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis	Kana B.D., Mizrahi V., Gordhan B.G.	2010	Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy	65	8	10.1093/jac/dkq199	MRC/NHLS/WITS Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand and the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa	Kana, B.D., MRC/NHLS/WITS Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand and the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa; Mizrahi, V., MRC/NHLS/WITS Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand and the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa; Gordhan, B.G., MRC/NHLS/WITS Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand and the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa	Objectives: Mycobacterium tuberculosis has five homologues of the muralytic resuscitation-promoting factor (Rpf), which are collectively dispensable for growth in vitro, but are required for resuscitation from a non-culturable state and for virulence in a mouse infection model. Our study was aimed at assessing the drug susceptibility of mutants lacking all five rpf genes. Methods: Drug susceptibility was determined in liquid medium using the broth microdilution method. Results: Strains of M. tuberculosis that lack all five rpf-like genes display a 4-8-fold increase in susceptibility to vancomycin and erythromycin, but show no significant difference in susceptibility to other antibiotics tested, including first- and second-line antitubercular agents. Conclusions: These results suggest that the possible alterations in the peptidoglycan structure and/or turnover caused by Rpf deficiency have a limited impact on the drug susceptibility of M. tuberculosis. © The Author 2010.	Antibiotics; Dormancy; Muralytic; Peptidoglycan; Rpf	carbenicillin; cerulenin; chlorpromazine; erythromycin; peptidoglycan; rifampicin; vancomycin; bacterial protein; cytokine; erythromycin; resuscitation-promoting factor, bacteria; tuberculostatic agent; vancomycin; article; bacterial growth; bacterial strain; broth dilution; drug sensitivity; genotype; in vitro study; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; nonhuman; reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; deficiency; drug effects; genetics; human; microbial sensitivity test; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; procedures; Antitubercular Agents; Bacterial Proteins; Cytokines; Erythromycin; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Vancomycin; Antitubercular Agents; Bacterial Proteins; Cytokines; Erythromycin; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Vancomycin	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79953059067	Evaluation of antibiotic self-medication pattern amongst undergraduate students of Ahmadu Bello University (Main Campus), Zaria	Olayemi O.J., Olayinka B.O., Musa A.I.	2010	Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology	2	1	None	Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Olayemi, O.J., Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Olayinka, B.O., Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Musa, A.I., Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	The prevalence and pattern of self-medication with antibiotics among undergraduate students at the Main Campus of Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria was evaluated using structured self-medication administered questionnaire. A total of 430 questionnaires were randomly distributed based on hostel of residence with a respondent rate of 65.80%. Majority of respondents, 65.50% were aged between 16-28years, while 188(66.40%) were males and 95(33.60%) were females. Distribution of respondents by Faculties showed they were mainly from Arts (43.20%), Social Sciences (42.10%) and Medicine (19.80%). Over half of the respondents (56.90%) admitted they self-medicate. Self-medication with antibiotics was most prevalent among students of health-related faculties, Pharmaceutical Sciences (80.40%) and Medicine (80.40%) and least prevalent among students from the Faculty of Engineering (27.80%). The major reasons given for self-medicating with antibiotics were; assumed knowledge on antibiotics (35.00%), prior experience on use (28.30%), while others admitted to lack of time to go for consultation (14.50%) and attitude of school clinic staff (14.50%). Majority of respondents (75.90%) however, self-medicate with antibiotics occasionally. The most reported antibiotic class (43.10%) was the β-lactams (as ampicillin and ampiclox®) while ciprofloxacin (a fluoroquinolone) was rarely used (10.60%). The conditions for which antibiotics were taken included GIT infections (84.10%), UT infections (42.10%) and skin infections (15.20%). More than half of the respondents (55.80%) purchased the drugs from private pharmacies. These findings highlight the need for planning interventions to promote the judicious use of antibiotics within the student population and indeed the Nigerian population. © Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2009.	Antibiotics; Rational use and self-medication	Antibiotic class; Ciprofloxacin; Fluoroquinolones; Nigerians; Pharmaceutical science; Prior experience; Randomly distributed; Rational use and self-medication; Skin infection; Student populations; Time-to-go; Undergraduate students; Amides; Antibiotics; Medicine; Surveys; Teaching; Students	None
None	None	Getting antimalarials on target: Impact of national roll-out of malaria rapid diagnostic tests on health facility treatment in three regions of Tanzania	Bruxvoort K., Kalolella A., Nchimbi H., Festo C., Taylor M., Thomson R., Cairns M., Thwing J., Kleinschmidt I., Goodman C., Kachur S.P.	2013	Tropical Medicine and International Health	18	10	10.1111/tmi.12168	London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Malaria Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States	Bruxvoort, K., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Kalolella, A., Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Nchimbi, H., Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Festo, C., Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Taylor, M., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Thomson, R., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Cairns, M., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Thwing, J., Malaria Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States; Kleinschmidt, I., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Goodman, C., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Kachur, S.P., Malaria Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States	Objectives: Parasitological confirmation of malaria prior to treatment is recommended for patients of all ages, with malaria rapid diagnostic tests (mRDTs) an important tool to target artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) to patients with malaria. To evaluate the impact on case management practices of routine government implementation of mRDTs, we conducted large-scale health facility surveys in three regions of Tanzania before and after mRDT roll-out. Methods: Febrile patients at randomly selected health facilities were interviewed about care received at the facility, and blood samples were collected for reference blood smears. Health facility staff were interviewed about their qualifications and availability of malaria diagnostics and drugs. Results: The percentage of febrile patients tested for malaria at the facility increased from 15.8% in 2010 to 54.9% in 2012. ACTs were obtained by 65.8% of patients positive by reference blood smear in 2010 and by 50.2% in 2012 (P = 0.0675); no antimalarial was obtained by 57.8% of malaria-negative patients in 2010 and by 82.3% in 2012 (P < 0.0001). Overall, ACT use decreased (39.9-21.3%, P < 0.0001) and antibiotic use increased (31.2-48.5%, P < 0.0001). Conclusion: Roll-out of mRDTs in Tanzania dramatically improved diagnostic testing for malaria and reduced overuse of ACTs for patients without parasitemia. However, post-roll-out almost 50% of febrile patients did not receive a diagnostic test, and almost 50% of patients testing positive did not receive ACTs. Stock-outs of ACTs and mRDTs were important problems. Further investigation is needed to determine reasons for not providing ACTs to patients with malaria and potential for inappropriate antibiotic use. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.	Antibiotic use; Artemisinin-based combination therapie; Drug stock-outs; Implementation; Malaria; Malaria rapid diagnostic test; Tanzania	amoxicillin; artemether plus benflumetol; artemisinin; cotrimoxazole; blood; drug; drug prescribing; health risk; health services; health survey; malaria; adult; article; blood smear; case management; diagnostic test; female; fever; health care facility; health care survey; human; interview; major clinical study; malaria; malaria rapid test; male; Tanzania; antibiotic use; artemisinin-based combination therapie; drug stock-outs; implementation; malaria; malaria rapid diagnostic test; Tanzania; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antimalarials; Child; Child, Preschool; Community Health Services; Diagnostic Tests, Routine; Female; Health Personnel; Humans; Infant; Malaria; Male; Middle Aged; Parasitemia; Tanzania; Young Adult; Tanzania	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84903461899	The impact of pre-existing antibody on subsequent immune responses to meningococcal A-containing vaccines	Idoko O.T., Okolo S.N., Plikaytis B., Akinsola A., Viviani S., Borrow R., Carlone G., Findlow H., Elie C., Kulkarni P.S., Preziosi M.-P., Ota M., Kampmann B.	2014	Vaccine	32	33	10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.04.052	Medical Research Council Unit, P.O. Box 273, Gambia; Jos University Teaching Hospital, P.M.B. 2084, Jos, Nigeria; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta, 1600 Clifton Rd, NE Atlanta, GA 30329, United States; Meningitis Vaccine Project (MVP), P	Idoko, O.T., Medical Research Council Unit, P.O. Box 273, Gambia; Okolo, S.N., Jos University Teaching Hospital, P.M.B. 2084, Jos, Nigeria; Plikaytis, B., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta, 1600 Clifton Rd, NE Atlanta, GA 30329, United States; Akinsola, A., Medical Research Council Unit, P.O. Box 273, Gambia; Viviani, S., Meningitis Vaccine Project (MVP), PATH Europe, 13 Chemin du Levant, Bâtiment Avant-Centre, 01210 Ferney-Voltaire, France; Borrow, R., Vaccine Evaluation Unit, Public Health England, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom; Carlone, G., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta, 1600 Clifton Rd, NE Atlanta, GA 30329, United States; Findlow, H., Vaccine Evaluation Unit, Public Health England, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom; Elie, C., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta, 1600 Clifton Rd, NE Atlanta, GA 30329, United States; Kulkarni, P.S., Serum Institute of India Ltd., 212/2 Hadapsar, 411028 Pune, India; Preziosi, M.-P., MVP World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Ota, M., Medical Research Council Unit, P.O. Box 273, Gambia, WHO regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo; Kampmann, B., Medical Research Council Unit, P.O. Box 273, Gambia, Academic Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London W2 1NY, United Kingdom	Major epidemics of serogroup A meningococcal meningitis continue to affect the African meningitis belt. The development of an affordable conjugate vaccine against the disease became a priority for World Health Organization (WHO) in the late 1990s. Licensing of meningococcal vaccines has been based on serological correlates of protection alone, but such correlates might differ in different geographical regions. If high pre-vaccination antibody concentrations/titers impacts on the response to vaccination and possibly vaccine efficacy, is not clearly understood. We set out to define the pre-vaccination Meningococcal group A (Men A) antibody concentrations/titers in The Gambia and study their impact on the immunogenicity of Men A containing vaccines.Data from subjects originally enrolled in studies to test the safety and immunogenicity of the MenA vaccine recently developed for Africa meningococcal A polysaccharide conjugated to tetanus toxoid, MenAfriVac® (PsA-TT) were analyzed. Participants had been randomized to receive either the study vaccine PsA-TT or the reference quadrivalent plain polysaccharide vaccine containing meningococcal groups A, C, W, and Y, Mencevax® ACWY, GlaxoSmithKline (PsACWY) in a 2:1 ratio. Venous blood samples were collected before and 28 days after vaccination. Antibodies were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for geometric mean concentrations and serum bactericidal antibody (SBA) for functional antibody. The inter age group differences were compared using ANOVA and the pre and post-vaccination differences by t test.Over 80% of the ≥19 year olds had pre-vaccination antibody concentrations above putatively protective concentrations as compared to only 10% of 1-2 year olds. Ninety-five percent of those who received the study vaccine had ≥4-fold antibody responses if they had low pre-vaccination concentrations compared to 76% of those with high pre-vaccination concentrations. All subjects with low pre-vaccination titers attained ≥4-fold responses as compared to 76% with high titers where study vaccine was received.Our data confirm the presence of high pre-vaccination Men A antibody concentrations/titers within the African meningitis belt, with significantly higher concentrations in older individuals. Although all participants had significant increase in antibody levels following vaccination, the four-fold or greater response in antibody titers were significantly higher in individuals with lower pre-existing antibody titers, especially after receiving PsA-TT. This finding may have some implications for vaccination strategies adopted in the future. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.	Antibody; Conjugate vaccine; Immune response; Meningococcal A; Pre-existing	immunoglobulin G; Meningococcus vaccine; polysaccharide vaccine; bacterium antibody; immunoglobulin G; Meningococcus vaccine; adolescent; adult; antibody blood level; antibody response; antibody titer; article; blood sampling; child; controlled study; drug safety; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; female; Gambia; human; immune response; immunogenicity; major clinical study; male; multicenter study; phase 2 clinical trial; priority journal; randomized controlled trial; serum bactericidal antibody assay; vaccination; young adult; age; blood; clinical trial; humoral immunity; Meningitis, Meningococcal; preschool child; Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Antibodies, Bacterial; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Gambia; Humans; Immunity, Humoral; Immunoglobulin G; Male; Meningitis, Meningococcal; Meningococcal Vaccines; Serum Bactericidal Antibody Assay; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84872202990	Comparative evaluation of novel African swine fever virus (ASF) antibody detection techniques derived from specific ASF viral genotypes with the OIE internationally prescribed serological tests	Gallardo C., Soler A., Nieto R., Carrascosa A.L., De Mia G.M., Bishop R.P., Martins C., Fasina F.O., Couacy-Hymman E., Heath L., Pelayo V., Martín E., Simón A., Martín R., Okurut A.R., Lekolol I., Okoth E., Arias M.	2013	Veterinary Microbiology	162	1	10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.08.011	European Union Reference Laboratory for ASF (URL) CISA-INIA, Valdeolmos, Madrid 28130, Spain; Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain; Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell' Umbria e delle Marche (IZS-UM), 06126 Perugia, Italy; International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), PO Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya; Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa (FMV-UTL), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; Production Animal Studies Department, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, South Africa; Ministère de la Production Animale et des Ressources Halieutiques - LANADA-LCPA, Cote d'Ivoire; ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Transboundary Animal Diseases Programme, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, South Africa; Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries (MAAIF), PO Box 102, Entebbe, Uganda; Department of Wildlife Services, Ministry of Tourism and Wildlife, PO Box 30027, Nairobi, Kenya	Gallardo, C., European Union Reference Laboratory for ASF (URL) CISA-INIA, Valdeolmos, Madrid 28130, Spain; Soler, A., European Union Reference Laboratory for ASF (URL) CISA-INIA, Valdeolmos, Madrid 28130, Spain; Nieto, R., European Union Reference Laboratory for ASF (URL) CISA-INIA, Valdeolmos, Madrid 28130, Spain; Carrascosa, A.L., Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain; De Mia, G.M., Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell' Umbria e delle Marche (IZS-UM), 06126 Perugia, Italy; Bishop, R.P., International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), PO Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya; Martins, C., Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa (FMV-UTL), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; Fasina, F.O., Production Animal Studies Department, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, South Africa; Couacy-Hymman, E., Ministère de la Production Animale et des Ressources Halieutiques - LANADA-LCPA, Cote d'Ivoire; Heath, L., ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Transboundary Animal Diseases Programme, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, South Africa; Pelayo, V., European Union Reference Laboratory for ASF (URL) CISA-INIA, Valdeolmos, Madrid 28130, Spain; Martín, E., European Union Reference Laboratory for ASF (URL) CISA-INIA, Valdeolmos, Madrid 28130, Spain; Simón, A., European Union Reference Laboratory for ASF (URL) CISA-INIA, Valdeolmos, Madrid 28130, Spain; Martín, R., European Union Reference Laboratory for ASF (URL) CISA-INIA, Valdeolmos, Madrid 28130, Spain; Okurut, A.R., Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries (MAAIF), PO Box 102, Entebbe, Uganda; Lekolol, I., Department of Wildlife Services, Ministry of Tourism and Wildlife, PO Box 30027, Nairobi, Kenya; Okoth, E., International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), PO Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya; Arias, M., European Union Reference Laboratory for ASF (URL) CISA-INIA, Valdeolmos, Madrid 28130, Spain	The presence of antibodies against African swine fever (ASF), a complex fatal notifiable OIE disease of swine, is always indicative of previous infection, since there is no vaccine that is currently used in the field. The early appearance and subsequent long-term persistence of antibodies combined with cost-effectiveness make antibody detection techniques essential in control programmes. Recent reports appear to indicate that the serological tests recommended by the OIE for ASF monitoring are much less effective in East and Southern Africa where viral genetic and antigenic diversity is the greatest. We report herein an extensive analysis including more than 1000 field and experimental infection sera, in which the OIE recommended tests are compared with antigen-specific ELISAs and immuno-peroxidase staining of cells (IPT). The antibody detection results generated using new antigen-specific tests, developed in this study, which are based on production of antigen fractions generated by infection and virus purification from COS-1 cells, showed strong concordance with the OIE tests. We therefore conclude that the lack of success is not attributable to antigenic polymorphism and may be related to the specific characteristics of the local breeds African pigs. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.	Antibody detection; ASFV; Diagnosis	virus antibody; African swine fever virus; animal cell; antibody detection; antigen specificity; article; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; genotype; immunoperoxidase staining; intermethod comparison; nonhuman; sensitivity and specificity; virus detection; virus purification; Africa, Southern; African Swine Fever; African Swine Fever Virus; Animals; Antibodies, Viral; Antigenic Variation; Antigens, Viral; Cell Line; Endemic Diseases; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Genotype; Haplorhini; Swine; African swine fever virus; Suidae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955761735	Development and evaluation of a new epitope-blocking ELISA for universal detection of antibodies to West Nile virus	Sotelo E., Llorente F., Rebollo B., Camuñas A., Venteo A., Gallardo C., Lubisi A., Rodríguez M.J., Sanz A.J., Figuerola J., Jiménez-Clavero M.Á.	2011	Journal of Virological Methods	174	42371	10.1016/j.jviromet.2011.03.015	Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), INIA, Ctra Algete-El Casar, S/n, 28130 Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain; INGENASA, C/Hermanos García Noblejas 39, 28037 Madrid, Spain; ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa; Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, C/Americo Vespucio, s/n, 41092 Seville, Spain	Sotelo, E., Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), INIA, Ctra Algete-El Casar, S/n, 28130 Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain; Llorente, F., Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), INIA, Ctra Algete-El Casar, S/n, 28130 Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain; Rebollo, B., INGENASA, C/Hermanos García Noblejas 39, 28037 Madrid, Spain; Camuñas, A., INGENASA, C/Hermanos García Noblejas 39, 28037 Madrid, Spain; Venteo, A., INGENASA, C/Hermanos García Noblejas 39, 28037 Madrid, Spain; Gallardo, C., Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), INIA, Ctra Algete-El Casar, S/n, 28130 Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain; Lubisi, A., ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa; Rodríguez, M.J., INGENASA, C/Hermanos García Noblejas 39, 28037 Madrid, Spain; Sanz, A.J., INGENASA, C/Hermanos García Noblejas 39, 28037 Madrid, Spain; Figuerola, J., Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, C/Americo Vespucio, s/n, 41092 Seville, Spain; Jiménez-Clavero, M.Á., Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), INIA, Ctra Algete-El Casar, S/n, 28130 Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain	West Nile virus (WNV) is an emerging zoonotic pathogen with a wide range of hosts, including birds, horses and humans. The development and evaluation of the performance of a new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) are described for rapid detection of WNV-specific antibodies in samples originating from an extensive range of vertebrates susceptible to WNV infection. The assay uses a monoclonal antibody (MAb) which binds whole virus particles and neutralizes infection in vitro by recognizing a neutralizing epitope within the envelope (E) glycoprotein of the virus. This MAb, labelled with horseradish peroxidase, was used to compete with WNV-specific serum antibodies for virus-binding in vitro. The epitope-blocking ELISA was optimized in a manner that enabled its validation with a number of experimental and field sera, from a wide range of wild bird species, and susceptible mammals. The new ELISA exhibited high specificity (79.5-96.5%) and sensitivity (100%), using the virus-neutralization test as reference standard. It also required a much lower volume of sample (10 μl per analysis) compared to other ELISAs available commercially. This new method may be helpful for diagnosis and disease surveillance, particularly when testing samples from small birds, which are available in limited amounts. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.	Antibody detection; Epitope-blocking ELISA; Flavivirus; Monoclonal antibody; West nile virus; Wild birds	epitope; horseradish peroxidase; monoclonal antibody; virus antibody; virus glycoprotein; animal cell; antibody detection; antigen binding; article; bird; controlled study; diagnostic value; disease surveillance; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; in vitro study; infection sensitivity; intermethod comparison; mammal; mouse; nonhuman; priority journal; rabbit; sensitivity and specificity; Vero cell; vertebrate; virus attachment; virus neutralization; virus particle; West Nile fever; West Nile flavivirus; wild species; Animals; Antibodies, Viral; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Epitopes; Humans; Neutralization Tests; Sensitivity and Specificity; Vertebrates; Viral Envelope Proteins; Virology; West Nile Fever; West Nile virus; Armoracia rusticana; Aves; Equidae; Flavivirus; Mammalia; Vertebrata; West Nile virus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79959511075	Performance of the Euroline Western blot assay in the detection of herpes simplex virus type 2 antibody in Uganda, China and the USA	Neal J.D., Tobian A.A.R., Laeyendecker O., Ngo T.D., Redd A.D., Reynolds S.J., Morrow R.A., Manucci J.L., Serwadda D., Gray R.H., Quinn T.C.	2011	International Journal of STD and AIDS	22	6	10.1258/ijsa.2009.009327	Department of Medicine, John Rangos Sr Building, 855 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States; Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Institute of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States	Neal, J.D., Department of Medicine, John Rangos Sr Building, 855 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States; Tobian, A.A.R., Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States; Laeyendecker, O., Department of Medicine, John Rangos Sr Building, 855 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Ngo, T.D., Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States; Redd, A.D., Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States; Reynolds, S.J., Department of Medicine, John Rangos Sr Building, 855 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Morrow, R.A., Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Manucci, J.L., Department of Medicine, John Rangos Sr Building, 855 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States; Serwadda, D., Institute of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Gray, R.H., Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States; Quinn, T.C., Department of Medicine, John Rangos Sr Building, 855 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States	Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) worldwide. While glycoprotein G-2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays are commonly used for the serological detection of HSV-2 antibodies, they have low specificity in developing countries. The Euroline Western blot (WB) is a commercially available assay that is easy to perform; however, little is known about its performance characteristics. This study evaluated Euroline WB for the detection of HSV-2 antibodies compared with University of Washington Western blot in three geographically different regions: Baltimore, MD, USA; Rakai, Uganda; and Kunming, China. Among the 135 American men attending a STI clinic in Baltimore, MD, 72% (n = 97) were HSV-2-positive by Euroline WB, showing a sensitivity of 97.8% and a specificity of 81.8%. Among the 273 commercial sex workers in Kunming, 62.3% were HSV-2-positive by Euroline WB (sensitivity 96.9%, specificity 89.1%). Among the 437 Ugandans in Rakai, 67.3% were HSV-2-positive by Euroline WB (sensitivity 98.7%, specificity 65.4%). The Euroline WB has a consistently high sensitivity, but specificity varied significantly among the different locations.	Antibody; Diagnosis; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs); Euroline; Genital herpes; Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2); Serologic diagnostic assays; Western blot	herpes simplex virus type 2 antibody; unclassified drug; virus antibody; article; China; herpes simplex; human; major clinical study; male; priority journal; sensitivity and specificity; sexually transmitted disease; Uganda; United States; Western blotting; Antibodies, Viral; Blotting, Western; China; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Herpes Genitalis; Herpesvirus 2, Human; Humans; Male; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Uganda; United States	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84865605474	Development and evaluation of a multiplex screening assay for Plasmodium falciparum exposure	Jepsen M.P.G., Röser D., Christiansen M., Larsen S.O., Cavanagh D.R., Dhanasarnsombut K., Bygbjerg I., Dodoo D., Remarque E.J., Dziegiel M., Jepsen S., Mordmüller B., Theisen M.	2012	Journal of Immunological Methods	384	42371	10.1016/j.jim.2012.07.009	Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Microbiological Diagnostics, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of International Health Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom; Noguchi Memorial Institution for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Department of Parasitology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, Netherlands; Blood bank, Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany	Jepsen, M.P.G., Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark, Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of International Health Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Röser, D., Department of Microbiological Diagnostics, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; Christiansen, M., Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; Larsen, S.O., Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; Cavanagh, D.R., Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom; Dhanasarnsombut, K., Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom; Bygbjerg, I., Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of International Health Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Dodoo, D., Noguchi Memorial Institution for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Remarque, E.J., Department of Parasitology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, Netherlands; Dziegiel, M., Blood bank, Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Jepsen, S., Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; Mordmüller, B., Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Theisen, M., Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark, Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of International Health Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark	Transfusion transmitted malaria (TTM) in non-endemic countries is reduced by questioning blood donors and screening of donated blood. Conventional screening is performed by Indirect Fluorescence Antibody Test (IFAT). This method is manual and difficult to standardize. Here we study the diagnostic performance of a multiplex assay for detection of antibodies against Plasmodium falciparum in donor blood using IFAT as a comparator. A multiplex assay (MPA) containing the antigens GLURP-R0, GLURP-R2, MSP3, MSP1 hybrid and AMA1 was constructed using xMAPR technology. A discrimination index for exposure to P. falciparum malaria was calculated by comparing travelers with clinical malaria (n = 52) and non-exposed blood donors (n = 119). The index was evaluated on blood donors with suspected malaria exposure (n = 249) and compared to the diagnostic performance of IFAT.At a specificity of 95.8 %, the MPA discrimination index exhibited a diagnostic sensitivity of 90.4 % in travelers hospitalized with malaria. Percent agreement with IFAT was 92.3 %. Screening plasma from blood donors with suspected malaria exposure, we found 4.8 % to be positive by IFAT and 5.2 % by MPA with an agreement of 93.2 %. The calculated index from the MPA exhibits similar diagnostic performance as IFAT for detection of P. falciparum malaria. Combining the antibody response against multiple antigens in a discrimination index increased the sensitivity of the MPA and reduced the readout to a single value. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.	Antibody; Diagnostic; GLURP; Malaria; MSP3; Multiplex assay	antibody; Plasmodium falciparum antibody; unclassified drug; adolescent; antibody titer; article; blood donor; child; cross reaction; diagnostic test accuracy study; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; human; immunoassay; immunological procedures; indirect fluorescence antibody test; intermethod comparison; major clinical study; malaria falciparum; multiplex assay; Plasmodium falciparum; priority journal; screening; Antigens, Protozoan; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; Humans; Malaria, Falciparum; Mass Screening; Merozoite Surface Protein 1; Plasmodium falciparum; Protozoan Proteins; Reproducibility of Results; ROC Curve; Travel; Plasmodium falciparum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650324916	Evaluation of a recombinant DNA hepatitis b vaccine in a vaccinated Nigerian population	Adoga M.P., Pennap G., Akande B.O., Mairiga J.P., Pechulano S., Agwale S.M.	2010	Journal of Infection in Developing Countries	4	11	None	Microbiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, P. M. B. 1022, Keffi, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Nasarawa St	Adoga, M.P., Microbiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, P. M. B. 1022, Keffi, Nigeria; Pennap, G., Microbiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, P. M. B. 1022, Keffi, Nigeria; Akande, B.O., Microbiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, P. M. B. 1022, Keffi, Nigeria; Mairiga, J.P., Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, P. M. B. 1022, Keffi, Nigeria; Pechulano, S., Innovative Biotech Ltd Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria; Agwale, S.M., Innovative Biotech USA Inc, Frederick Innovative Technology Center, Frederick MD 21704, United States	Introduction: Recombinant hepatitis B vaccine was introduced in 1986 and has gradually replaced the plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine. No published data are available on the immunogenicity of hepatitis B vaccines in Nigerians. The current study aimed to evaluate protective sero-conversion rates after vaccination with Shanvac-B rDNA hepatitis B vaccine in Nigerian subjects between January and September 2009. Methodology: After having obtained informed consent and ethical clearance, 2 mL of blood were aseptically collected from each participant aged ≤ 50 years, one month after the first, second and third doses of the vaccine. Sera were separated into cryovials and frozen at -21oC until analysed for the detection of the protective antibody titre induction. Protective antibody titre was defined as a titre of ≥10 mIU/mL. Results: Of the 376 participants, 192 (51.1%) were males and 184 (48.9%) were females. A total of 144 subjects participated in the first-dose group, nine (6.3%) of whom developed protective antibody titre (8.3% of males and 4.2% of females). Of the 121 participants in the second-dose group, 108 (89.3%) developed protective antibody titre (98.3% of males and 80.3% of females), while of the 111 participants in the third-dose group, 100% protectively sero-converted. Males were more likely to develop protective antibody titre than females after the second dose (P < 0.05). Conclusion: This data provides additional evidence for the efficacy of Shanvac-B rDNA hepatitis B vaccine and the need to adhere to the recommended three-dose schedule to achieve full and lasting sero-protection among Nigerians. © 2010 Adoga et al.	Antibody titre; HBV; Hepatitis b vaccine; Sero-conversion; Shanvac-b	recombinant hepatitis B vaccine; adolescent; adult; antibody titer; article; child; DNA immunization; drug screening; female; human; human experiment; male; Nigeria; preschool child; school child; seroconversion; Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis B Antibodies; Hepatitis B Vaccines; Humans; Immunization Schedule; Infant; Male; Middle Aged; Nigeria; Treatment Outcome; Vaccination; Vaccines, Synthetic; Young Adult; Hepatitis B virus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84906538667	Design, synthesis and evaluation of Ospemifene analogs as anti-breast cancer agents	Kaur G., Mahajan M.P., Pandey M.K., Singh P., Ramisetti S.R., Sharma A.K.	2014	European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry	86	None	10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.08.050	School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Apeejay Stya University, Institutional Area, Gurgaon 122001, India; Apeejay Stya Research Foundation, Institutional Area, Gurgaon 122001, India; Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, CH72 Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, United States; School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal (UKZN), Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa	Kaur, G., School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Apeejay Stya University, Institutional Area, Gurgaon 122001, India; Mahajan, M.P., School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Apeejay Stya University, Institutional Area, Gurgaon 122001, India, Apeejay Stya Research Foundation, Institutional Area, Gurgaon 122001, India; Pandey, M.K., Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, CH72 Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, United States; Singh, P., School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal (UKZN), Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa; Ramisetti, S.R., Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, CH72 Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, United States; Sharma, A.K., Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, CH72 Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, United States	The synthesis of some novel Ospemifene derived analogs and their evaluation as anti-breast cancer agents against MCF-7 (ER-positive) and MDA-MB-231 (ER-negative) human breast cancer cell lines are described. Few of these analogs for instance, compounds 6, 7 and 8 are shown to be more effective than recent Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs) i.e. Ospemifene and Tamoxifen, against these cell lines. Compound 8 was relatively more cytotoxic to MCF-7 cells similar to Ospemifene and Tamoxifen, while most potent compounds 6 and 7 were equally effective in inhibiting growth of both ER-positive and ER-negative cell lines. The observed activity profiles were further supported by the docking studies performed against estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ). Compounds 6, 7 and 8 exhibited stronger binding affinities with both ERα and ERβ compared to Ospemifene and Tamoxifen. © 2014 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.	Anti-breast cancer agents; Docking studies; Ospemifene; SERMs; Tamoxifen	2 [ 4 ( 4 amino 1,2 diphenylbut 1 enyl)phenoxy]ethanol; 2 [ 4 ( 4 azido 1,2 diphenylbut 1 enyl)phenoxy]ethanol; 4 [ 4 ( 2 aminoethoxy)phenyl] 3,4 diphenylbut 3 en 1 amine; antineoplastic agent; estrogen receptor; estrogen receptor alpha; estrogen receptor beta; hormone receptor stimulating agent; ospemifene; ospemifene derivative; phenyl 4 [ 4 ( 2 hydroxyethoxy)phenyl] 3,4 diphenylbut 3 enylcarbamic acid; selective estrogen receptor modulator; tamoxifen; unclassified drug; 2 [4 (4 amino1,2 diphenylbut 1 enyl) phenoxy]ethanol; 2 [4 (4 azido 1,2 diphenylbut 1 enyl)phenoxy]ethanol; 2 [4 (4 chloro 1,2 diphenylbut 1 enyl) phenoxy]ethanol; 2 [4 (4 chloro 1,2 diphenylbut 1 enyl)phenoxy]ethyl methanesulfonate; 4 [4 (2 aminoethoxy)phenyl] 3,4 diphenylbut 3 en 1 amine; antineoplastic agent; ospemifene; ospemifene derivative; phenyl 4 [4 (2 hydroxyethoxy)phenyl] 3,4 diphenylbut 3 enylcarbamate; selective estrogen receptor modulator; tamoxifen; [1 [4 (2 azidoethoxy) phenyl] 4 chlorobut 1 ene 1,2 diyl]dibenzene; [4 azido 1 [4 (2 azidoethoxy)phenyl]but 1 ene 1,2 diyl]dibenzene; antineoplastic agent; ospemifene; antineoplastic activity; article; binding affinity; breast cancer cell line; cell viability; controlled study; cytotoxicity; drug design; drug potency; drug protein binding; drug synthesis; growth inhibition; human; human cell; IC 50; MCF 7 cell line; molecular docking; animal cell; antineoplastic activity; Article; breast cancer; cancer inhibition; concentration response; drug cytotoxicity; drug screening; drug selectivity; embryo; IC50; mouse; nonhuman; analogs and derivatives; Breast Neoplasms; cell proliferation; cell survival; chemical structure; chemistry; dose response; drug effects; drug screening; pathology; structure activity relation; synthesis; tumor cell culture; Antineoplastic Agents; Breast Neoplasms; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Design; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Humans; MCF-7 Cells; Models, Molecular; Molecular Structure; Structure-Activity Relationship; Tamoxifen; Tumor Cells, Cultured	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84925261279	Synthesis of CpM(CO)3-DAB and -PAMAM dendrimer conjugates and preliminary evaluation of their biological activity	Hu W., Hoyer J., Neundorf I., Govender P., Smith G.S., Schatzschneider U.	2015	European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry	2015	9	10.1002/ejic.201403060	Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians- Universität Würzburg, Am HublandWürzburg, Germany; Institut für Biochemie, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Str. 47, Köln, Germany; Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, South Africa	Hu, W., Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians- Universität Würzburg, Am HublandWürzburg, Germany; Hoyer, J., Institut für Biochemie, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Str. 47, Köln, Germany; Neundorf, I., Institut für Biochemie, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Str. 47, Köln, Germany; Govender, P., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, South Africa; Smith, G.S., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, South Africa; Schatzschneider, U., Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians- Universität Würzburg, Am HublandWürzburg, Germany	Dendrimers of different generations and core structures [diaminobutane poly(propylenimine) (DAB) G1, G2, G3; poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) G1] were chosen as carriers for bioactive organometallic half-sandwich complexes of the type CpM(CO)3 (Cp = cyclopentadienyl, M = Mn or Re) to study the influence of these parameters on their biological activity against cancer cells. Structure-activity relationships were determined by variation of the metal center as well as the type, molecular weight, and number of terminal functional groups of the dendrimer conjugates. All conjugates were characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy as well as HPLC. Their biological activity was determined on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells by the resazurin assay. Interestingly, the most-active compounds were the first-generation dendrimer conjugates. The Mn and Re series showed nearly the same activities. Thus, the cytotoxicity of the dendrimer conjugates does not seem to directly correlate with the type or number of terminal functional groups. Rather, it points to a mechanism of action that is different from that previously observed for peptide conjugates with similar CpM(CO)3 functional groups. Dendrimers of different generation and core structure are used as carriers for bioactive organometallic half-sandwich complexes of the type CpM(CO)3 (Cp = cyclopentadienyl, M = Mn or Re). Interestingly, the most-active compounds are the first-generation dendrimer conjugates, and the influence of the metal center is much less pronounced. Copyright © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.	Anticancer activity; Bioorganometallic chemistry; Dendrimers; Manganese; Rhenium	None	National Research Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-84941762656	Synthesis and characterisation of silver(I) benzyldiphenylphosphine complexes: Towards the biological evaluation on SNO cells	Potgieter K., Cronjé M.J., Meijboom R.	2015	Inorganica Chimica Acta	437	None	10.1016/j.ica.2015.08.023	Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, P.O. Box 524, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, P.O. Box 524, Johannesburg, South Africa	Potgieter, K., Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, P.O. Box 524, Johannesburg, South Africa; Cronjé, M.J., Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, P.O. Box 524, Johannesburg, South Africa; Meijboom, R., Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, P.O. Box 524, Johannesburg, South Africa	Cancer is one of the leading causes of deaths worldwide, due to the lack of effective anticancer agents, and the agents leading to side-effects. It is therefore crucial to find an anticancer agent which is effective enough to destroy the cancer cells without causing side-effects. Silver(I) complexes have the potential to be applied as effective anticancer agents, due to their excellent antibacterial and antimicrobial properties. Silver(I) benzyldiphenylphosphine complexes were synthesised and characterised by means of NMR, FTIR as well as single crystal X-ray diffractometry (SXRD). The crystal structure revealed a trigonal planar geometry, which is rarely seen in silver chemistry. In addition, the anticancer activity of these complexes was evaluated against a malignant SNO (oesophageal) cancer cell line. The viability of the cells after treatment with the complexes were determined using an alamarBlue® viability assay. The possible mode of cell death, being apoptosis, necrosis or both, was determined by studying the treated cells under a microscope. A significant decrease in the viability of the cells after 24 h treatment with the complexes was observed. The morphological studies revealed that apoptosis could be a possible mode of cell death, however some necrosis was observed. Silver(I) benzyldiphenylphosphine complexes shows potential as effective anticancer agents. © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Anticancer activity; Silver(I) phosphine complexes; SNO cancer cells	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84858282568	Palladium(II), platinum(II) and gold(I) complexes containing chiral diphosphines of the Josiphos and Walphos families - Synthesis and evaluation as anticancer agents	Segapelo T.V., Lillywhite S., Nordlander E., Haukka M., Darkwa J.	2012	Polyhedron	36	1	10.1016/j.poly.2012.01.027	Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park Kingsway Campus, P.O. Box 524, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa; Inorganic Chemistry Research Group, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden; Department of Chemistry, University of Joensuu, Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland	Segapelo, T.V., Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park Kingsway Campus, P.O. Box 524, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa; Lillywhite, S., Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park Kingsway Campus, P.O. Box 524, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa; Nordlander, E., Inorganic Chemistry Research Group, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden; Haukka, M., Department of Chemistry, University of Joensuu, Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland; Darkwa, J., Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park Kingsway Campus, P.O. Box 524, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa	A series of palladium(II) and platinum(II) complexes ([PdCl 2(J003)] (1), [PdCl 2(W001)] (2), [PtCl 2(J003)] (3) and [PtCl 2(W001)] (4), where J003 = the Josiphos ligand (R)-1-[(S)-2-diphenylphosphino)ferrocenyl]ethyldicyclohexylphosphine and W001 = the Walphos ligand (R)-1[(R)-2-(2′-diphenylphosphinyl)ferrocenyl] ethyldo(bis-3,5-trifluoromethylphenyl)phosphine), were prepared from the reaction of the diphosphine ligands with [PdCl 2(NCMe) 2] or [PtCl 2(cod)] and characterised by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and elemental analyses. Single crystal X-ray structures were used to confirm the proposed structures. Attempts to use the same ligands to prepare isoelectronic d 8 Au(III) analogues of the palladium and platinum complexes resulted in the reduction of Au(III) to Au(I) and isolation of the Au(I) complexes [AuCl(J003)] (5), [Au 2Cl 2(J003)] (6) and [Au 2Cl 2(W001)] (7). The cytotoxicity of the four chiral, bidentate ferrocenylphosphine palladium and platinum complexes was investigated against HeLa cells and were found to have low to moderate cytotoxicity. In general, the two Josiphos complexes showed better cytotoxicity compared to the Walphos complexes, irrespective of the metal used. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Anticancer agents; Chiral ligands; Diphosphine ligands; Palladium complexes; Platinum complexes	None	None
None	None	In vitro evaluation of dichloro-bis(pyrazole)palladium(II) and dichloro-bis(pyrazole)platinum(II) complexes as anticancer agents	Keter F.K., Kanyanda S., Lyantagaye S.S.L., Darkwa J., Rees D.J.G., Meyer M.	2008	Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology	63	1	10.1007/s00280-008-0721-y	Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa; Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa; Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Dar Es Salaam, P.O. Box 35179, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Keter, F.K., Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa; Kanyanda, S., Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa; Lyantagaye, S.S.L., Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Dar Es Salaam, P.O. Box 35179, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Darkwa, J., Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa; Rees, D.J.G., Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa; Meyer, M., Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa	Introduction: Cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum) was first identified for its anti-bacterial activity, and was later also shown to be an efficient anticancer agent. However, the therapeutic use of this anticancer drug is somewhat limited by its toxic side effects, which include nephrotoxicity, nausea, and vomiting. Furthermore the development of drug-resistant tumours is commonly observed following therapy with cisplatin. Hence there is a need for improved platinum derived drugs to overcome these limitations. Aims: Apoptosis contributes significantly to the cytotoxic effects of anticancer agents such as cisplatin; therefore in this study the potential anticancer properties of a series of pyrazole palladium(II) and platinum(II) complexes, [(3,5-R 2pz) 2PdCl 2] {R = H (1), R = Me (2)} and [(3,5-R 2pz) 2PtCl 2] {R = H (3), R = Me (4)}, were evaluated by assessment of their pro-apoptotic activity. Methods: The induction of apoptosis was measured in CHO cells by the detection of phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure using the annexin V and APOPercentage™ assays; DNA fragmentation using the Terminal deoxynucleotide transferase dUTP Nick End Labelling (TUNEL) assay; and the detection of activated caspase-3. Results: The platinum complexes were shown to be considerably more active than the palladium complexes, with complex 3 demonstrating the highest level of cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic activity. The LD 50 values for complex 3 and cisplatin were 20 and 70 μM, respectively, demonstrating that the cytotoxic activity for complex 3 was three times higher than for cisplatin. Various human cancer cell lines, including CaSki, HeLa, as well as the p53 mutant Jurkat T cell line were also shown to be susceptible to complex 3. Conclusions: Collectively, this in vitro study provides insights into action of palladium and platinum complexes and demonstrates the potential use of these compounds, and in particular complex 3, in the development of new anticancer agents. © 2008 Springer-Verlag.	Anticancer; Apoptosis; Bis(pyrazole)palladium(II); Bis(pyrazole)platinum(II); Cisplatin; Cytotoxicity	antineoplastic agent; caspase 3; cisplatin; dichlorobis(3,5 dimethylpyrazole)palladium; dichlorobis(3,5 dimethylpyrazole)platinum; dichlorobis(pyrazole)palladium; dichlorobis(pyrazole)platinum; lipocortin 5; palladium complex; phosphatidylserine; platinum complex; unclassified drug; animal cell; apoptosis; article; cancer cell culture; controlled study; cytotoxicity; DNA fragmentation; drug screening; enzyme activation; human; human cell; in vitro study; LD 50; nick end labeling; nonhuman; priority journal; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; Apoptosis; Cell Line, Tumor; CHO Cells; Cricetinae; Cricetulus; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Hela Cells; Humans; Jurkat Cells; Molecular Structure; Organometallic Compounds; Organoplatinum Compounds	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84908293274	Evaluation of the in vitro anticancer activity of cyclometalated half-sandwich rhodium and iridium complexes coordinated to naphthaldimine-based poly(propyleneimine) dendritic scaffolds	Sudding L.C., Payne R., Govender P., Edafe F., Clavel C.M., Dyson P.J., Therrien B., Smith G.S.	2014	Journal of Organometallic Chemistry	774	None	10.1016/j.jorganchem.2014.10.003	Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, South Africa; Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland; Institute of Chemistry, University of Neuchatel, 51 Ave de Bellevaux, Neuchatel, Switzerland	Sudding, L.C., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, South Africa; Payne, R., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, South Africa; Govender, P., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, South Africa; Edafe, F., Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland; Clavel, C.M., Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland; Dyson, P.J., Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland; Therrien, B., Institute of Chemistry, University of Neuchatel, 51 Ave de Bellevaux, Neuchatel, Switzerland; Smith, G.S., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, South Africa	The development of cyclometalated rhodium and iridium complexes from first- and second-generation naphthaldimine-based poly(propyleneimine) dendrimer scaffolds of the type, DAB-(NH2)n (where n = 4 or 8, DAB = diaminobutane) has been accomplished. Four metallodendrimers were synthesised, viz. (Cp∗MCl)4Gn (1-4), by first reacting DAB-(NH2)n with napththaldehyde and subsequently metallating the Schiff-base dendrimers with the dimers [Cp∗MCl2]2 (where M = Rh or Ir). Related mononuclear complexes [Cp∗MCl(L)] (L = naphthaldimine) (5-6) were obtained in a similar manner. The molecular structures of 5 and 6 have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and the in vitro anticancer activities of 1-6 were evaluated against the A2780 and A2780cisR human ovarian carcinoma cell lines. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Anticancer drugs; Bioorganometallic chemistry; Cyclometalated; Iridium; Metallodendrimers; Rhodium	Rhodium; Anticancer activities; Anticancer drug; Bio-organometallic chemistry; Cyclometalated; Half-sandwich; Metallodendrimers; Poly(propylene imine); Rhodium and iridium complexes; Iridium	66054, National Research Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-84868249509	Synthesis, characterisation and in vitro evaluation of platinum(II) and gold(I) iminophosphine complexes for anticancer activity	Chiririwa H., Moss J.R., Hendricks D., Smith G.S., Meijboom R.	2013	Polyhedron	49	1	10.1016/j.poly.2012.09.053	Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Division of Medical Biochemistry, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Observatory 7935, South Africa; Research Centre for Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa	Chiririwa, H., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa, Division of Medical Biochemistry, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Observatory 7935, South Africa, Research Centre for Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa; Moss, J.R., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Hendricks, D., Division of Medical Biochemistry, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Observatory 7935, South Africa; Smith, G.S., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Meijboom, R., Research Centre for Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa	The reactions of iminophosphine ligands with [PtCl2(COD)], [PtCl2(DMSO)2], and [Au(tht)Cl] has been investigated. The new platinum(II) and gold(I) complexes were characterised using elemental analysis, electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), NMR (1H and 31P) and IR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction studies. In vitro cytotoxic study results show that platinum and gold complexes block the proliferation of WHCO1 and KYSE450 cell lines with an IC50 range of 2.16-9.47 μM. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Anticancer; Gold(I) complexes; Iminophosphines; Platinum(II) complexes	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84941367030	Evaluation of the anti-candidal activity of methanolic leaf extract of cleistopholis patens (Fam. Annonaceae) on candida species isolated from stage II HIV patients	Okechukwu D.C., Momoh M.A., Esimone C.O.	2015	African Health Sciences	15	3	10.4314/ahs.v15i3.12	Pharmaceutical Microbiology Unit of Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra, Nigeria	Okechukwu, D.C., Pharmaceutical Microbiology Unit of Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria; Momoh, M.A., Pharmaceutical Microbiology Unit of Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria; Esimone, C.O., Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra, Nigeria	Background: Candida species (sp) is implicated in causing opportunistic disseminated mycotic complications in stage II HIV patients. Cleistopholis patens is a West African medicinal tree reported to have significant antifungal activity against C. albicans. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the anti-candidal activity of methanolic leaf extract of Cleistopholis patens against Candida species isolated from stage II HIV patients. Methods: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extract and Nystatin®® was determined by agar dilution method. The killing rate studies of the plant extract and Nystatin® were also determined. Results: The extract had activity against all Candida isolates, with the MIC against the five isolates ranging from 6.0-9.8 mg/ml. Nystatin® also demonstrated plausible activity against the isolates with MICs ranging from 0.3125-25 mg/ml. Candida albicans strain 2 was the most sensitive to both extract and Nystatin® with MIC values of 6 and 0.3125 mg/ml respectively. Candida krusei was the least sensitive with MIC values of 9.8 and 25 mg/ml for the extract and Nystatin® respectively. The killing rate values for the extract ranged from-0.029 to-0.091 min-1 and that of Nystatin® ranged from-0.076 to-0.11216 min-1. Conclusions: The results indicate that the methanolic extract of Cleistopholis patens is a promising clinical alternative besides Nystatin® in the treatment of infections caused by Candida species in stage II HIV patients. © 2015, Makerere University, Medical School. All rights reserved.	Anti-candidal activity; Candida; Cleistopholis patens; HIV Patients	antifungal agent; Cleistopholis patens extract; methanol; nystatin; plant extract; unclassified drug; agar dilution; Annonaceae; antifungal activity; Article; Candida; Candida albicans; Cleistopholis patens; concentration response; disease classification; disease severity; fungal strain; fungus isolation; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; minimum inhibitory concentration; nonhuman; opportunistic infection; Pichia kudriavzevii; plant leaf	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78651432015	Evaluation of anticaries activity of selected mouthwash marketed in Nigeria	Oluremi B.B., Osungunna M.O., Idowu O.A., Adebolu O.O.	2010	Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research	9	6	None	Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu, Nigeria	Oluremi, B.B., Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu, Nigeria; Osungunna, M.O., Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu, Nigeria; Idowu, O.A., Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu, Nigeria; Adebolu, O.O., Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu, Nigeria	Purpose: This work was aimed at evaluating four brands of mouthwash marketed in Nigeria for their anticaries activity. Method: The susceptibility pattern of bacterial isolates obtained from 30 patients having carious teeth to the selected mouthwash was determined using the cup-plate method. The zones of inhibition produced by the mouthwash against the bacterial isolates were measured to determine the degree of susceptibility. Results: The organisms isolated from the patients were Staphylococccus aureus, Klebsiella sp, Streptococcus sp, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the following proportions: 30, 27, 20, 17 and 7%, respectively. Anticaries evaluation revealed that 0.047% thymol in ethanol displayed the highest degree of anticaries activity against all the Streptococcal species tested. Incorporation of preservatives in mouthwashes may adversely affect their anticaries activity as indicated by the fact that the preserved mouthwash exhibited lower activity than the unpreserved mouthwash. Conclusion: Anticaries activity is optimally achieved by using appropriate mouthwash combinations as this prevents both the initiation and progression of dental caries. The use of preservatives in mouthwash formulations should be done with caution as this may interfere with mouthwash activity. © Pharmacotherapy Group.	Anticaries activity; Bacterial isolates; Mouthwash; Thymol	alcohol; benzoic acid; brilliant blue; cetylpyridinium salt; chlorhexidine gluconate; mouthwash; preservative; tartrazine; thymol; antibacterial activity; article; bacterium isolate; caries prevention; chemical composition; clinical article; controlled study; dental caries; Escherichia coli; female; human; Klebsiella; male; Nigeria; nonhuman; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus aureus; Streptococcus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928910474	Methyl jasmonate enhances memory performance through inhibition of oxidative stress and acetylcholinesterase activity in mice	Eduviere A.T., Umukoro S., Aderibigbe A.O., Ajayi A.M., Adewole F.A.	2015	Life Sciences	132	None	10.1016/j.lfs.2015.04.007	Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria	Eduviere, A.T., Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Umukoro, S., Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Aderibigbe, A.O., Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Ajayi, A.M., Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Adewole, F.A., Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Aims Current research effort focuses on the development of safer natural compounds with multipronged mechanisms of action that could be used to ameliorate memory deficits in patients with Alzheimer's disease, as cure for the disease still remains elusive. In this study, we evaluated the effect of methyl jasmonate (MJ), a naturally occurring bioactive compound on memory, acetylcholinesterase activity and biomarkers of oxidative stress in mice. Main methods Male Swiss mice were treated with intraperitoneal injection of MJ (10-40 mg/kg) alone or in combination with scopolamine (3 mg/kg) once daily for 7 days. Thirty minutes after the last treatment, memory functions were assessed using Y-maze and object recognition tests. Thereafter, acetylcholinesterase activity and levels of biomarkers of oxidative stress were assessed in mice brains using standard biochemical procedures. Key findings MJ significantly enhanced memory performance and reversed scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment in mice. MJ demonstrated significant inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity suggesting increased cholinergic neurotransmission. It further decreased malondialdehyde concentrations in mouse brain indicating antioxidant activity. Moreover, MJ significantly increased glutathione levels and activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase and superoxide dismutase) in mice brains. The increased oxidative stress; evidenced by elevated levels of malondialdehyde and decreased antioxidant defense systems in scopolamine-treated mice was attenuated by MJ. Significance The results of this study suggest that MJ may be useful in conditions associated with memory dysfunctions or age-related cognitive decline. The positive effect of MJ on memory may be related to inhibition of oxidative stress and enhancement of cholinergic neurotransmission through inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity. © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	Anti-cholinesterase activity; Antioxidant; Memory; Methyl jasmonate; Object recognition test	acetylcholinesterase; donepezil; glutathione; jasmonic acid methyl ester; malonaldehyde; superoxide dismutase; acetic acid derivative; biological marker; catalase; cholinesterase inhibitor; cyclopentane derivative; jasmonic acid methyl ester; malonaldehyde; oxylipin; scopolamine bromide; superoxide dismutase; animal experiment; animal model; antioxidant activity; Article; cholinergic transmission; controlled study; enzyme activity; male; memory; mouse; nonhuman; oxidative stress; scopolamine-induced cognitive defect; Alzheimer disease; analysis of variance; animal; brain; drug effects; maze test; memory; metabolism; oxidative stress; recognition; Mus; Acetates; Alzheimer Disease; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Biological Markers; Brain; Catalase; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cyclopentanes; Male; Malondialdehyde; Maze Learning; Memory; Mice; Oxidative Stress; Oxylipins; Recognition (Psychology); Scopolamine Hydrobromide; Superoxide Dismutase	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84938775635	The impact of inflation on financial sector performance: A case study of sub-saharan africa	Tolulope A.O., Oyeyinka O.L.	2014	Indian Journal of Finance	8	1	None	Economics Department, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Economics Department, Wesley University of Science and Technology, Ondo State, Nigeria	Tolulope, A.O., Economics Department, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Oyeyinka, O.L., Economics Department, Wesley University of Science and Technology, Ondo State, Nigeria	The study investigates the impact of inflation on financial sector performance in the sub-Saharan African region. To this end, dynamic panel data was employed, and the cross section covers 45 countries in the region between the period from 1980 - 2011. Three measures of financial sector performance (domestic credit to private sector, liquidity ratio, and market capitalization) were used for the study. Inflation was disaggregated to anticipated and unanticipated inflation, and the results show that both anticipated and unanticipated inflation have a negative effect on the financial sector performance, especially on the activities of the banking sector. The study, therefore, concludes that high inflation rate is inimical to financial sector performance, irrespective of the economy involved, and the government should employ necessary measures to control inflation as a way of improving the performance of the financial sector.	Anticipated inflation; Economic performance; Financial sector; Inflation; Unanticipated inflation	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84905454621	Consumers' evaluation of volition, control, anticipated regret, and perceived food health risk. Evidence from a field experiment in a traditional vegetable market in Kenya	Lagerkvist C.J., Okello J., Karanja N.	2015	Food Control	47	None	10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.07.026	Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Economics, P.O. Box 7013, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi 00100, Kenya; Department of Land Resource Management and Agricultural Technology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi 00100, Kenya; International Potato Center, Uganda	Lagerkvist, C.J., Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Economics, P.O. Box 7013, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; Okello, J., Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi 00100, Kenya, International Potato Center, Uganda; Karanja, N., Department of Land Resource Management and Agricultural Technology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi 00100, Kenya	Food markets in developing countries encompass a wide spectrum of food health risk exposures for consumers, but little is known about how consumers make judgments and decisions in relation to these risks. This study examined the relationship between perceived food health risk, anticipated regret from adverse health outcomes, command over exposure (volition), and command over outcome (control). A field experiment was conducted with consumers of kale (Brassica oleracea) at a traditional peri-urban market in Nairobi, Kenya. The intervention introduced a sales point developed to meet high food safety standards with produce being specifically sourced and controlled for safe production, transport, and handling practices. The treatment group (n=152) received information about actions taken through the intervention to minimize risks and participants used their own money to bid to upgrade from kale sold from non-intervention sales stands. Participants in the control group (n=100) were observed after buying kale from non-intervention sales points within the same market. The results showed that consequentialist and emotion-based risk measures were related, as were volition and control for both groups, but the levels were different. Moreover, in the treatment group perceived risk was related to volition and anticipated regret, but control was only related to perceived risk. These findings have implications for food risk communication and actions to improve local conditions under which food is sold. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.	Anticipated regret; Consumer; Control; Food health risk; Perceived risk; Volition	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77955909190	Evaluation of the effect of lime fruit juice on the anticoagulant effect of warfarin	Adepoju G.K.A., Adeyemi T.	2010	Journal of Young Pharmacists	2	3	10.4103/0975-1483.66808	Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria	Adepoju, G.K.A., Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria; Adeyemi, T., Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria	Aim: Citrus aurantifolia (Family Rutaceae) is commonly known as a familiar food and medicine, and s therapeutic effectiveness in a variety of diseases has been suggested in traditional medicine. Various complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) have been shown to interact with orthodox medicines. Hence, the aim of this study is to investigate such a phenomenon particularly the interaction of lime fruit juice with warfarin. Materials and Method: Wistar strain albino rats of both sexes weighing between 190 and 230g were administered with oral doses of the respective drugs used depending on the groups of animals. Effects on the anticoagulant activity of warfarin were determined by standard laboratory methods. Result: Lime fruit juice caused a reduction in the anticoagulant activity of warfarin. Conclusion: This finding has shown that CAM can interact with orthodox medicines hence, warfarin prescribers need to be aware of the usage of CAM and monitor the international normalized ratio (INR) of their patients more frequently.	Anticoagulant; complementary and alternative medicines; interaction; lime fruit; therapeutic effectiveness; traditional medicine; warfarin	warfarin; alternative medicine; animal cell; animal experiment; anticoagulation; article; controlled study; drug efficacy; female; food drug interaction; fruit; fruit juice; hemostasis; international normalized ratio; lime (fruit); male; nonhuman; priority journal; rat; single drug dose	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84875892886	Comparative evaluation of warfarin utilisation in two primary healthcare clinics in the Cape Town area	Njovane X.W., Fasinu P.S., Rosenkranz B.	2013	Cardiovascular Journal of Africa	24	2	10.5830/CVJA-2012-072	Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa	Njovane, X.W., Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Fasinu, P.S., Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Rosenkranz, B., Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa	Background: Although warfarin remains the anticoagulant drug of choice in a wide range of patients, its narrow therapeutic window makes patients susceptible to a high risk of bleeding complications or failure to prevent clotting. This has necessitated therapeutic monitoring in warfarinised patients. Factors that could be responsible for the fluctuating responses to warfarin vary from pharmacogenetic to concomitant morbidity, diet and medication. In order to assess the quality of management of warfarin treatment in a local primary-care setting, the current study evaluated warfarin utilisation and monitoring records in two hospitals with different patient groups. Methods: A retrospective study was undertaken in the specialised warfarin clinics at Wesfleur and Gugulethu hospitals (Western Cape, South Africa) covering all warfarin-related therapy records over a 12-month period. Data extracted from the patients' folders included age, gender, race, weight, address, concurrent chronic illnesses, treatment and medication, indication for warfarin and INR history. Results: A total of 119 patients' folders were analysed. Attendance at the clinics reflects the demographics and racial distribution of the host location of the hospitals. While all the patients were maintained above the minimum international normalised ratio (INR) value of 2, about 50% had at least one record of INR above the cut-off value of 3.5. However, over a third of the patients (32.2%) had at least one record of INR greater than 3.5 in Gugulethu Hospital, compared to over half (58.3%) in Wesfleur Hospital. In total, atrial fibrillation was the most common indication for warfarinisation while hypertension was the most common concurrent chronic condition in warfarinised patients. All patients who received quinolone antibiotics had INR values above the cut-off point of 3.5 within the same month of the initiation of antibiotic therapy, suggesting drug-induced warfarin potentiation. Other co-medications, including beta-lactam antibiotics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and anti-ulcer drugs appeared to alter warfarin responses as measured by recorded INR values. Conclusion: The study found inter-individual variability in the response to warfarin therapy, which cut across racial classifications. It also confirms the possible influence of concomitant morbidity on patient response to anticoagulant therapy.	Anticoagulant; Drug monitoring; International normalised ratio; Warfarin; Warfarinisation	antiulcer agent; beta lactam antibiotic; nonsteroid antiinflammatory agent; quinoline derived antiinfective agent; warfarin; adult; age; antibiotic therapy; arthritis; article; comorbidity; comparative study; diabetes mellitus; drug indication; drug utilization; female; gender; heart atrium fibrillation; hospital; human; hypertension; international normalized ratio; major clinical study; male; obstructive airway disease; peptic ulcer; primary health care; race; retrospective study; weight; Adult; Anticoagulants; Chi-Square Distribution; Comorbidity; Drug Interactions; Drug Monitoring; Drug Utilization; Drug Utilization Review; Female; Humans; International Normalized Ratio; Male; Outpatient Clinics, Hospital; Physician's Practice Patterns; Polypharmacy; Primary Health Care; Quality Indicators, Health Care; Retrospective Studies; South Africa; Treatment Outcome; Warfarin	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80055116563	Performance outcomes of a pharmacist-managed anticoagulation clinic in the rural, resource-constrained setting of Eldoret, Kenya	Manji I., Pastakia S.D., Do A.N., Ouma M.N., Schellhase E., Karwa R., Miller M.L., Saina C., Akwanalo C.	2011	Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis	9	11	10.1111/j.1538-7836.2011.04503.x	Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya; Purdue University College of Pharmacy, West Lafayette, IN, United States	Manji, I., Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya; Pastakia, S.D., Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya, Purdue University College of Pharmacy, West Lafayette, IN, United States; Do, A.N., Purdue University College of Pharmacy, West Lafayette, IN, United States; Ouma, M.N., Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya; Schellhase, E., Purdue University College of Pharmacy, West Lafayette, IN, United States; Karwa, R., Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya, Purdue University College of Pharmacy, West Lafayette, IN, United States; Miller, M.L., Purdue University College of Pharmacy, West Lafayette, IN, United States; Saina, C., Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya; Akwanalo, C., Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya	Background:It is recommended that warfarin therapy should be managed through an anticoagulation monitoring service to minimize the risk of bleeding and subsequent thromboembolic events. There are few studies in Sub-Saharan Africa that describe warfarin management in spite of the high incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and rheumatic heart disease. Objective:To examine the feasibility of the Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital anticoagulation monitoring service and compare its performance with clinics in resource-rich settings. Methods:A retrospective chart review compared the percentage time in the therapeutic range (TTR) and rates of bleeding and thromboembolic events to published performance targets using the inference on proportions test. Wilcoxon's rank sum analyses were used to establish predictors of TTR. Results:For the 178 patients enrolled, the mean TTR was 64.6% whereas the rates of major bleeds and thromboembolic events per year were 1.25% and 5%, respectively. In the primary analysis, no statistically significant differences were found between the results of TTR, major bleeds and thromboembolic events for the clinic and published performance rates. In the secondary analysis, having an artificial heart valve and a duration of follow-up of >120days were positively associated with a higher TTR (P<0.05) whereas venous thromboembolism, history of tuberculosis, HIV and a duration of follow-up of <120days were associated with having a lower TTR (P<0.05). Conclusions:The performance of the MTRH anticoagulation clinic is non-inferior to published metrics on the performance of clinics in resource-rich settings. © 2011 International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis.	Anticoagulation; Kenya; Pharmacist; Resource-constrained; Thromboembolism; Warfarin	anticoagulant agent; antiretrovirus agent; tuberculostatic agent; warfarin; adult; anticoagulant therapy; anticoagulation; antiviral therapy; article; bleeding; comparative study; drug indication; feasibility study; female; follow up; heart valve prosthesis; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; Kenya; major clinical study; male; managed care; medical history; medical record review; outcome assessment; pharmacist; pharmacist managed anticoagulation; pharmacological parameters; prediction; priority journal; rheumatic heart disease; rural health care; secondary analysis; time in the therapeutic range; tuberculosis; tuberculosis control; valvular heart disease; venous thromboembolism; Anticoagulants; Drug Monitoring; Health Resources; Humans; Kenya; Pharmacists; Retrospective Studies; Rheumatic Heart Disease; Rural Population; Venous Thromboembolism; Warfarin	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-76749157199	Evaluation of the anticonvulsant property of Russelia equisetiformis (Schlecht & Chan)	Emmanuel A.O., Janet M.M., Ayoka A.O.	2010	Journal of Natural Remedies	10	1	None	Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Physiologic	Emmanuel, A.O., Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Nigeria; Janet, M.M., Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Ayoka, A.O., Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ife, Ile-ife, Nigeria	Fits or convulsions are extremely common symptoms in childhood most especially in inflammatory conditions such as malaria and viral infections, tonsillitis and cases of epileptic conditions. Most of the available drugs used in the control of this symptom usually present adverse reactions. Alternative medicine is one of the interesting areas, which is getting more popular and increasingly attractive world wide. In searching for herbal remedy that is safe and efficacious, we therefore, evaluate the anticonvulsant effects of methanol Russelia equisetiformis extracts (MERE). Anticonvulsant activity was evaluated in the picrotoxin (PCT) and strychnine (STC) - induced convulsions in mice. MERE (100-400mg/kg), significantly (p&lt;0.05) protected mice against picrotoxin - induced seizures. However, the extract did not confer protection against (STC) - induced seizures. n-Hexane fraction (10 mg kg-1), showed the highest percentage level of protection (80%) against picrotoxin-induced seizures, with none of the fractions showing protection against (STC) - induced convulsion. Although, the data obtained in the present study, do not provide convulsive evidence, it would appear that R.equisetiformis crude extract (MERE), and its n-hexane fraction produce the observed anticonvulsant activity by enhancing GABAergic neurotransmission, and/or facilitating GABAergic action in the brain. In general, the average onset of convulsion was delayed, while the average duration of convulsion was markedly reduced. These findings, suggest therefore, that the plant could serve as a supplementary therapy for the management and/or control of childhood convulsions and epilepsy.	Anticonvulsants; Russelia equisetiformis extract fractions	acetic acid ethyl ester; anticonvulsive agent; butanol; diazepam; dichloromethane; hexane; picrotoxin; plant extract; Russelia equisetiformis extract; strychnine; unclassified drug; animal experiment; animal model; anticonvulsant activity; anticonvulsant therapy; article; controlled study; convulsion; dose response; drug dose comparison; drug efficacy; drug screening; latent period; male; mortality; mouse; nonhuman; Russelia equisetiformis; Scrophulariaceae; seizure; survival rate; Mus; Russelia equisetiformis; Strychnos toxifera	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84865183710	The Swazi Monarchy and the Poor Performance of the Swazi Anti-Corruption Agency, 2006-2009	Simelane H.S.	2012	Journal of Asian and African Studies	47	4	10.1177/0021909612444086	University of Kwazulu-Natal, Economic History and Development Studies, Howard College, Memorial Tower Building, King George V Avenue, Durban, 4041, South Africa	Simelane, H.S., University of Kwazulu-Natal, Economic History and Development Studies, Howard College, Memorial Tower Building, King George V Avenue, Durban, 4041, South Africa	One of the major problems that has faced African countries since political independence has been continued poverty that has affected the lives of the populations of the countries. While there are numerous issues behind African poverty, corruption has emerged as one of the critical drivers. To address the problem of corruption African governments have been forced to experiment with different strategies, one of which has been the establishment of anti-corruption agencies. Swaziland is one of the African countries that has a huge problem of corruption, and has responded with the formation of an anti-corruption agency. However, since its inception, the agency has failed to operate effectively and corruption has continued to rise. This paper highlights the problem of corruption in Swaziland and the steps taken to curb it. The paper shows that the legal framework and the agency created to combat corruption have failed to yield the desired results, and continues to provide a critical analysis of such failure. It argues that the main issue behind the failure of the agency is royal absolutism wherein the Swazi monarchy has not only become a location of corruption but also perpetuates the scourge through protecting some influential people engaged in corrupt activities. © The Author(s) 2012.	Anti-corruption; corruption; democracy; development; governance; monarchy	corruption; democracy; legislation; performance assessment; poverty; sovereignty; temporal analysis; Swaziland	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84899626945	The impact of missing data on clinical trials: A re-analysis of a placebo controlled trial of Hypericum perforatum (St Johns wort) and sertraline in major depressive disorder	Grobler A.C., Matthews G., Molenberghs G.	2014	Psychopharmacology	231	9	10.1007/s00213-013-3344-x	Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X7, Durban 4013, South Africa; School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; I-BioStat, Universiteit Hasselt, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium	Grobler, A.C., Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X7, Durban 4013, South Africa; Matthews, G., School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Molenberghs, G., I-BioStat, Universiteit Hasselt, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium	Rationale and objective: Hypericum perforatum (St John's wort) is used to treat depression, but the effectiveness has not been established. Recent guidelines described the analysis of clinical trials with missing data, inspiring the reanalysis of this trial using proper missing data methods. The objective was to determine whether hypericum was superior to placebo in treating major depression. Methods: A placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial was conducted for 8 weeks to determine the effectiveness of hypericum or sertraline in reducing depression, measured using the Hamilton depression scale. We performed sensitivity analyses under different assumptions about the missing data process. Results: Three hundred forty participants were randomized, with 28 % lost to follow-up. The missing data mechanism was not missing completely at random. Under missing at random assumptions, some sensitivity analyses found no difference between either treatment arm and placebo, while some sensitivity analyses found a significant difference from baseline to week 8 between sertraline and placebo (-1.28, 95 % credible interval [-2.48; -0.08]), but not between hypericum and placebo (0.56, [-0.64;1.76]). The results were similar when the missing data process was assumed to be missing not at random. Conclusions: There is no difference between hypericum and placebo, regardless of the assumption about the missing data process. There is a significant difference between sertraline and placebo with some statistical methods used. It is important to conduct an analysis that takes account of missing data using valid statistically principled methods. The assumptions about the missing data process could influence the results. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Antidepressant; Bayesian; Hamilton depression scale; Herbal medicine; Hypericum perforatum; Missing at random; Missing not at random; Multiple imputation; Sertraline; St John's wort	Hypericum perforatum extract; placebo; sertraline; article; comparative effectiveness; data analysis; drug efficacy; Hamilton scale; human; information processing; major clinical study; major depression; maximum likelihood method; missing data; multiple imputation method; priority journal; randomized controlled trial; randomized controlled trial (topic); sensitivity analysis; statistical analysis; validation process	N01MH70007, NIMH, National Institute of Mental Health
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930636912	Evaluation of antidepressant-like effect of Olax subscorpioidea oliv(olacaceae) extract in mice	Adeoluwa O.A., Aderibigbe A.O., Bakre A.G.	2015	Drug Research	65	6	10.1055/s-0034-1382010	Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ojoo-Sango Road, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria	Adeoluwa, O.A., Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ojoo-Sango Road, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Aderibigbe, A.O., Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ojoo-Sango Road, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Bakre, A.G., Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ojoo-Sango Road, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria	Olax subscorpioidea is a shrub or tree found in Nigeria, and other parts of Africa. It is indicated in the management of inflammatory disorder, mental illness, convulsion, pain, and cancer. Based on the folkloric use in the management of mental illness, antidepressant activity of Olax subscorpioidea (6.25-50 mg/kg, i. p.) was investigated using forced swimming, tail suspension, yohimbine induced lethality and reserpine induced depression tests. The results showed that, Olax subscorpioidea produced significant dose dependent reduction in immobility time in forced swimming [F (5, 24)=17.22, p<0.0001] and tail suspension [F (5, 24)=14.94, p<0.0001] tests without causing changes in locomotor activity in open field test. It was also found that Olax subscorpioidea significantly reduced diarrhea in reserpine model of depression [F (5, 24)=10, p<0.0001]. None of the doses potentiated yohimbine induced lethality in mice. In conclusion Olax subscorpioidea possessed antidepressant action, thus justifying its use in the management of mental illness. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart New York.	antidepressant; immobility; mental illness; Olax subscorpioidea; yohimbine	antidepressant agent; Olax subscorpioidea extract; plant extract; reserpine; unclassified drug; yohimbine; animal experiment; animal model; antidepressant activity; Article; controlled study; depression; diarrhea; drug response; forced swim test; locomotion; male; mouse; nonhuman; Olacaceae; Olax subscorpioidea; tail suspension test	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84927650074	The impact of HIV/AIDS on compliance with antidepressant treatment in major depressive disorder: A prospective study in a South African private healthcare cohort	Slabbert F.N., Harvey B.H., Brink C.B., Lubbe M.S.	2015	AIDS Research and Therapy	12	1	10.1186/s12981-015-0050-2	North-West University, Medicines Usage Group (MUSA), Potchefstroom, South Africa; North-West University, Division of Pharmacology, Potchefstroom, South Africa; North-West University, Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Potchefstroom, South Africa	Slabbert, F.N., North-West University, Medicines Usage Group (MUSA), Potchefstroom, South Africa; Harvey, B.H., North-West University, Division of Pharmacology, Potchefstroom, South Africa, North-West University, Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Brink, C.B., North-West University, Division of Pharmacology, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Lubbe, M.S., North-West University, Medicines Usage Group (MUSA), Potchefstroom, South Africa	Background: MDD and HIV/AIDS have a high prevalence worldwide with severe consequences for patients. In both conditions, compliance with treatment is key to successfully treat these disorders. In the current study, we examine the effect of MDD on the compliance with ADs in patients diagnosed with co-morbid HIV/AIDS and how different classes of ADs influence compliance in this group of patients. Methods: A prospective, cohort study design was used to analyse nationally representative medicine claims data submitted to a privately-owned South African Pharmaceutical Benefit Management (PBM) company. Two groups were distinguished in the database, namely patients with only MDD and patients with both MDD and HIV/AIDS, over a six-year study period. The study population was determined by the following inclusion criteria: patients older than 18 years, MDD should be diagnosed by a psychiatrist supported by an appropriate ICD-10 code, and all patients have to be on combination antiretroviral treatment (cARV) treatment. The medicine possession ratio (MPR) was used as proxy to determine patient compliance with AD medication. Results: 127 patients (i.e. 0.24%) met the criteria of co-morbid MDD and HIV/AIDS. Females have a significantly higher prevalence of MDD and HIV/AIDS when compared to males. Patients diagnosed with both HIV/AIDS and MDD (74.43. ± 32.03, 95% Cl: 71.51-77.34) have a statistical significantly (p < 0.0001) lower compliance with AD treatment vs. MDD patients (80.94% ± 29.44, 95% Cl: 80.56-81.33), but the practical significance thereof, is low (Cohen's d = 0.2255). In this group only 26.83% of TCA had acceptable compliance compared to the 58.57% of SNRIs. Noteworthy observations were that 75% (p < 0.0217; Cramer's V = 0.0388) of venlafaxine and 28.6% (p < 0.0197; Cramer's V = -0.0705) of the paroxetine items were compliant in patients diagnosed with both HIV/AIDS and MDD. Conclusions: AD compliance is statistical significantly lower in depressed HIV/AIDS vs. depressed non-HIV/AIDS patients. However, these differences is of low practical or clinical significance, meaning that depressed HIV/AIDS patients would have missed approximately two AD doses (6.5% of a 30-day treatment period) more than the non-HIV/AIDS depressed patient over the same treatment period. © Slabbert et al.; licensee BioMed Central.	Antidepressants; Compliance; HIV/AIDS; Major depressive disorder; Venlafaxine	amfebutamone; amitriptyline; antidepressant agent; antiretrovirus agent; citalopram; escitalopram; fluoxetine; mirtazapine; paroxetine; serotonin noradrenalin reuptake inhibitor; trazodone; venlafaxine; acquired immune deficiency syndrome; adult; antiviral therapy; Article; comorbidity; female; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; ICD-10; major clinical study; major depression; male; medication compliance; middle aged; organization and management; population research; prevalence; priority journal; prospective study; sex difference; South African; young adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84925582375	Impact of antidepressant therapy on cognitive aspects of work, condom use, and psychosocial well-being among HIV clients in Uganda	Wagner G.J., Ngo V.K., Aunon F., Musisi S., Nakasujja N., Akena D.	2014	International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine	48	3	10.2190/PM.48.3.a	RAND Corporation, 1776 Main St., Santa Monica, CA, United States; Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda	Wagner, G.J., RAND Corporation, 1776 Main St., Santa Monica, CA, United States; Ngo, V.K., RAND Corporation, 1776 Main St., Santa Monica, CA, United States; Aunon, F., RAND Corporation, 1776 Main St., Santa Monica, CA, United States; Musisi, S., Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Nakasujja, N., Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Akena, D., Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda	Objective: Depression has been found to impede several health outeomes among people living with HIV, but little research has examined whether depression treatment mitigates this influence. We assessed the impact of antidepressant therapy on measures of work, condom use, and psychosocial well-being among depressed HIV clients in Uganda. Methods: Paired i-tests and McNcmar tests were used to assess change in survey data collected from participants at initiation of antidepressant therapy (baseline) and 6 months later. Results: Ninety-five participants completed the 6-month assessment, of whom 82 (86%) responded to treatment (defined as Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score < 5). Among study completers, work functioning improved significantly, as did measures of self-efficacy related to condom use and work (as well as general self-efficacy), and internalized HIV stigma declined; however, actual engagement in work activity and consistent condom use did not show significant change. Similar findings were observed among treatment responders. Conclusions: Antidepressant treatment benefits functional capacity, psychological well-being, and cognitive intermediary factors that may be essential for behavioral change related to work and condom use, but supplementary therapeutic strategies may be needed to impact more direct behavioral change. © 2014, Baywood Publishing Co., Inc.	Antidepressants; Condom use; Depression; HIV; Uganda; Work	antidepressant agent; antidepressant agent; fluoxetine; imipramine; adult; Article; cognition; condom use; depression; female; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; major clinical study; male; Patient Health Questionnaire 9; psychological well being; self concept; social psychology; stigma; treatment response; Uganda; wellbeing; work; Cognition Disorders; condom; control; Depressive Disorder, Major; developing country; disability; employment; follow up; health behavior; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; middle aged; psychology; quality of life; social stigma; utilization; Adult; Antidepressive Agents; Cognition Disorders; Condoms; Depressive Disorder, Major; Developing Countries; Disability Evaluation; Employment; Female; Fluoxetine; Follow-Up Studies; Health Behavior; HIV Infections; Humans; Imipramine; Internal-External Control; Male; Middle Aged; Quality of Life; Self Efficacy; Social Stigma; Uganda	1R01MH083568, NIMH, National Institute of Mental Health
Scopus	2-s2.0-84876296210	Biochemical and haematological evaluation of repeated dose exposure of male wistar rats to an ethanolic extract of artemisia annua	Eteng M.U., Abolaji A.O., Ebong P.E., Brisibe E.A., Dar A., Kabir N., Iqbal Choudhary M.	2013	Phytotherapy Research	27	4	10.1002/ptr.4758	Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, P.M.B. 1115, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria; Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences	Eteng, M.U., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, P.M.B. 1115, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria; Abolaji, A.O., Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Ebong, P.E., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, P.M.B. 1115, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria; Brisibe, E.A., Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria; Dar, A., Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; Kabir, N., Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; Iqbal Choudhary, M., Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan	Artemisia annua is widely used for the treatment of malaria and other disorders. In a previous study, the artemisinin concentration in the dry leaves of A. annua grown under humid tropical conditions was determined to be 1.098% using reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography. In the current study, biochemical and haematological evaluations of ethanolic leaf extracts derived from such plants (EAA) were carried out in 20 male Wistar rats. Rats were divided into four study groups of saline-treated (control) and test groups exposed orally to graded doses of EAA for 28 days. The results showed that the liver function and haematological indices, and testosterone levels were not adversely affected. High density lipoprotein -cholesterol was reduced at 100 mg/kg of EAA, atherogenic index as well as low density lipoprotein -cholesterol was raised, and glucose concentration was reduced significantly at the 100 and 200 mg/kg of EAA (p < 0.05). In addition to serving as a possible antidiabetic agent, EAA may not predispose users to hepatotoxicity, haematotoxicity and testicular toxicity. However, due to the possible risk of atherosclerosis, we advise that the plant extract should be taken with caution in people with atherosclerotic condition. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	antidiabetic agent; Artemisia annua; haematotoxicity; hepatotoxicity; testicular toxicity	alcohol; antidiabetic agent; Artemisia annua extract; glucose; high density lipoprotein cholesterol; low density lipoprotein cholesterol; sodium chloride; testosterone; animal experiment; animal tissue; Artemisia annua; article; atherogenic index; atherosclerosis; biochemistry; blood examination; blood toxicity; cardiovascular parameters; controlled study; drug dose comparison; drug isolation; drug safety; drug screening; glucose blood level; hematological parameters; liver function; liver toxicity; male; nonhuman; plant leaf; rat; repeated drug dose; reproductive toxicity; testicular toxicity; testosterone blood level; treatment duration; Animals; Artemisia annua; Biological Markers; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Liver; Male; Plant Extracts; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Testis; Testosterone; Toxicity Tests, Subacute; Artemisia annua; Rattus; Rattus norvegicus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84898605376	The evaluation of the hypoglycemic effect of soft drink leaf extract of phyllanthus amarus (euphorbiaceae) in rats	Adedapo A.A., Ofuegbe S.O.	2014	Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology	25	1	10.1515/jbcpp-2013-0033	Dept. of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Physiology, Oyo State 20005, Nigeria; Biological Sciences College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Wesley University of Science and Technology, Ondo State, Nigeria; Dept. o	Adedapo, A.A., Dept. of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Physiology, Oyo State 20005, Nigeria, Biological Sciences College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Wesley University of Science and Technology, Ondo State, Nigeria; Ofuegbe, S.O., Dept. of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria	Background: Phyllanthus amarus has been used in traditional medicine in Nigeria to treat some disease conditions. This study evaluated the soft drink extract (SDE) of the plant for antidiabetic activities in rats. Methods: Standard phytochemical methods were used to test for the presence of phytoactive compounds in the plant. Acute toxicity was carried out in mice to determine safe doses for this plant extract. The antidiabetic activities of the SDE of the plant were assessed using some standard tests as well as histological changes in liver, kidney and pancreas. Diabetes mellitus was induced in rats using alloxan, whereas glibenclamide at 0.2 mg/kg was the reference drug used in this study. Results: The SDE at 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight caused a significant reduction of fasting blood glucose, a significant change in the oral glucose tolerance test, a marked effect in the hypoglycemic activity test, and a pronounced reduction in the glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride levels of diabetic rats. Histopathologically, the liver of the diabetic nontreated and glibenclamidetreated groups showed widespread vacuolar change in the hepatocytes, but there was no visible lesion seen in the kidney and pancreas of extract-treated and glibenclamide- Treated groups. No lesion was also seen in the liver of the SDE-treated group. Conclusions: The results from this study may have validated the traditional basis for the use of P. amarus as antidiabetic agent with the pharmacological activities attributed to the presence of flavonoids and other phenolics contained in this plant. At the doses used, SDE also appeared safer than glibenclamide even though the latter is more potent.	Antidiabetic agent; Diabetes mellitus; Glibenclamide; Hypoglycemia; Mice; Normoglycemia; Phyllanthus amarus; Rats	alloxan; antidiabetic agent; cholesterol; glibenclamide; glucose; hemoglobin; plant extract; soft drink extract; triacylglycerol; unclassified drug; antidiabetic agent; cholesterol; glibenclamide; glucose blood level; plant extract; triacylglycerol; acute toxicity; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; antidiabetic activity; article; body weight; cholesterol blood level; controlled study; diabetes mellitus; diet restriction; erythrocyte count; evaluation study; glucose blood level; histopathology; kidney; leukocyte count; liver; liver cell; male; mouse; nonhuman; oral glucose tolerance test; pancreas; Phyllanthus amarus; rat; soft drink; triacylglycerol blood level; animal; blood; blood cell count; chemistry; drug effects; experimental diabetes mellitus; glucose tolerance test; pathology; Phyllanthus; plant leaf; Animals; Blood Cell Count; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Glucose Tolerance Test; Glyburide; Hypoglycemic Agents; Kidney; Liver; Male; Pancreas; Phyllanthus; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Rats; Triglycerides	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884254772	Evaluation of the anti-diabetic and antioxidant activities of the methanol leaf extract of Berlinia grandiflora	Ode O.J., Nwaehujor C.O., Nwinyi C.F.	2013	Journal of Medical Sciences (Faisalabad)	13	8	10.3923/jms.2013.743.748	Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Abuja, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria	Ode, O.J., Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Abuja, Nigeria; Nwaehujor, C.O., Department of Biochemistry, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria; Nwinyi, C.F., Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Abuja, Nigeria	Hypoglycemic and anti-oxidant activities of the methanol leaf extract of Berlinia grandiflora were studied in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats to scientifically prove its folkloric use. Osmotic fragility test and phytochemical analysis of the extract were investigated. Hyperglycemia was induced in rats by injection of 50 mg kg-1 (i.p.) of freshly prepared streptozotocin. Three doses of the extract (50,100 and 250 mg kg-1) per os were used with glibenclamide (2 mg kg-1) as reference drug and a negative control. Fasting blood glucose was monitored at 1, 3 and 6 h. Anti-oxidant activity was studied using the DPPH and FRAP spectrophotometric assays. Ascorbic acid was used as standard. Acute toxicity studies revealed the extract was safe at 500 mg kg-1. Treatment of streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic rats using the crude extract of B. grandiflora reduced the fasting blood glucose levels significantly (p&lt;0.01) in a dose dependent manner. DPPH and FRAP results were comparable to Ascorbic acid. The crude extract did not disrupt eiythrocyte cell membranes. Phytochemical analysis revealed presence of tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids and glycosides. This suggests that B. grandiflora possesses anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant and membrane stabilizing activities. The extract could be a potential source of novel anti-diabetic and anti-oxidant agents.	Anti-diabetic; Anti-oxidant; Berlinia glandiflora; DPPH; FRAP; Glibenclamide; Osmotic fragility; Streptozotocin	1,1 diphenyl 2 picrylhydrazyl; alkaloid derivative; antidiabetic agent; antioxidant; ascorbic acid; Berlinia grandiflora extract; flavonoid; glibenclamide; methanol; plant extract; plant glycoside; tannin derivative; unclassified drug; acute toxicity; animal cell; animal experiment; animal model; antidiabetic activity; antioxidant activity; article; Berlinia grandiflora; blood glucose monitoring; controlled study; diabetes mellitus; diet restriction; dose response; drug isolation; drug safety; drug screening; erythrocyte membrane; fluorescence recovery after photobleaching; hyperglycemia; legume; male; nonhuman; osmotic fragility; plant leaf; rat; streptozocin diabetes; traditional medicine	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879018579	Formulation and evaluation of novel solid lipid microparticles as a sustained release system for the delivery of metformin hydrochloride	Momoh M.A., Kenechukwu F.C., Attama A.A.	2013	Drug Delivery	20	04-Mar	10.3109/10717544.2013.779329	Drug Delivery Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria	Momoh, M.A., Drug Delivery Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; Kenechukwu, F.C., Drug Delivery Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; Attama, A.A., Drug Delivery Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria	The low encapsulation efficiency of conventional solid lipid microparticles (SLMs) especially for hydrophilic drugs has remained a challenge to drug formulation experts. This work seeks to address the issue of inefficient delivery of metformin hydrochloride (MTH), a potent hydrophilic oral antihyperglycemic agent, using novel SLMs based on solidified reverse micellar solutions (SRMS) prepared by melt-emulsification using a lipid derived from Capra hircus and Phospholipon® 90H. Characterization based on size, morphology, zeta potential, polydispersity index, encapsulation efficiency (EE%), loading capacity (LC) and time-resolved stability were carried out on the SLMs. The in vitro release of MTH from the SLMs was performed in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) while the in vivo antidiabetic properties were investigated in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Stable, spherical and smooth SLMs were obtained. Loading of MTH into the SLMs had no effect on the surface charge of the particles. The SLMs with 1.0%w/w PEG 4000 resulted in significantly (p < 0.05) higher EE% while those with 2.0%w/w gave the least. The LC values ranged from 20.3 to 29.1 and 14.6 to 24.1 for SLMs containing 500 mg and 250 mg of MTH, respectively. The in vitro release studies revealed significant release of MTH from the SLMs whereas the in vivo antidiabetic studies indicated that novel SLMs containing 500 mg of MTH gave significantly (p < 0.05) higher glucose reduction than glucophage®. This research has shown that SLMs based on SRMS offer a new and better approach of delivering MTH, thus encouraging further development of this formulation. © 2013 Informa Healthcare USA, Inc.	Anti-diabetic; Encapsulation efficiency; Metformin hydrochloride; Release; Solid lipid microparticles	buffer; glucose; macrogol 4000; metformin; phosphatidylcholine; solid lipid nanoparticle; alloxan diabetes mellitus; animal experiment; animal model; antidiabetic activity; article; controlled study; dispersion; drug delivery system; drug formulation; drug screening; drug stability; emulsion; female; glucose blood level; in vitro study; in vivo study; male; micelle; morphology; nanoencapsulation; nonhuman; particle size; physical chemistry; priority journal; productivity; rat; surface charge; sustained drug release; zeta potential; Animals; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Drug Delivery Systems; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Female; Goats; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lipid Metabolism; Male; Metformin; Microspheres; Nanoparticles; Particle Size; Random Allocation; Rats	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84900831771	Evaluation of six plant species used traditionally in the treatment and control of diabetes mellitus in South Africa using in vitro methods	Boaduo N.K.K., Katerere D., Eloff J.N., Naidoo V.	2014	Pharmaceutical Biology	52	6	10.3109/13880209.2013.869828	Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria Biomedical Research Centre, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Ondersterpoort 0110, South Africa	Boaduo, N.K.K., Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa; Katerere, D., South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; Eloff, J.N., Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa; Naidoo, V., Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria Biomedical Research Centre, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Ondersterpoort 0110, South Africa	Context: Numerous plants are used by the local communities of South Africa for the treatment and management of type II diabetes. Objectives: For this study, we undertook a survey of the plants sold for the management of diabetes in the town of Newcastle, South Africa. Identified plants were subsequently evaluated for their in vitro antidiabetic activity. Materials and methods: Plants were identified through an interview with a herbalist at the market. Antidiabetic activity of extracts of purchased plants was evaluated using in vitro α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity, as well as islets of Langerhans excretory activity. Results: Senna alexandrina Mill. (Fabaceae), Cymbopogon citrates Stapf. (Poaceae), Cucurbita pepo L. (Cucuribitaceae), Nuxia floribunda Benth. (Stilbaceae), Hypoxis hemerocallidea Fisch. and Mey (Hypoxidaceae), and Cinnamomum cassia Blume (Lauraceae) were identified. The hexane extract of S. alexandrina (EC50=0.083mg/ml), ethyl acetate extract of H. hemerocallidea (EC50=0.29mg/ml), and methanol extracts of Cymbopogon citratus (EC50=0.31mg/ml) and Cinnamomum cassia (EC50=0.12mg/ml) had the highest α-amylase inhibitory activity, albeit lower than acarbose (EC50=0.50mg/ml). All the plants had good α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (>50%) with the exception of some methanol (Cinnamomum cassia, N. floribunda, and Cymbopogon citratus) and acetone extracts (Cucurbita pepo and N. floribunda). Only the H. hemerocallidea acetone extract had an insulin stimulatory effect (2.5U/ml at 8μg/ml). Conclusion: All the evaluated plants demonstrated inhibitory activity against the specific GIT enzyme systems evaluated. Only H. hemerocallidea had insulin secretory activity, adding evidence to the traditional use of these purchased plants in the management of the type II diabetic post-prandial hyperglycemia. © 2014 Informa Healthcare USA, Inc. All rights reserved.	Antidiabetic; Islets of Langerhans; α-amylase; α-glucosidase	acarbose; alpha glucosidase; amylase; antidiabetic agent; Cinnamomum cassia extract; Cucurbita pepo extract; Cymbopogon citrates extract; glibenclamide; Hypoxis hemerocallidea extract; insulin; Nuxia floribunda extract; plant extract; Senna alexandrina extract; unclassified drug; antidiabetic agent; plant extract; animal cell; antidiabetic activity; article; controlled study; Cucurbita pepo; Cymbopogon citrates; diabetes mellitus; drug mechanism; drug screening; enzyme activity; enzyme inhibition; Hypoxis hemerocallidea; in vitro study; medicinal plant; nonhuman; Nuxia floribunda; pancreas islet; rat; Senna alexandrina; South Africa; animal; blood; cell culture; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; drug effects; isolation and purification; medicinal plant; metabolism; procedures; Sprague Dawley rat; treatment outcome; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Hypoglycemic Agents; Islets of Langerhans; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; South Africa; Treatment Outcome	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84950135794	Evaluation of antidiabetic effect of four Egyptian plants and their phytoconstituents	Koekemoer T.C., Rashed K., Mtshizana O., van de Venter M.	2015	Pharma Research	12	2	None	Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt	Koekemoer, T.C., Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; Rashed, K., Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt; Mtshizana, O., Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; van de Venter, M., Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa	Postprandial hyperglycaemia is a major contributory factor in the development of diabetes which can be clinically targeted via a number of independent mechanisms such as the inhibition of postprandial glucose absorption and through potentiating glucose dependent insulin release. This study was carried out to evaluate antidiabetic effect of four Egyptian medicinal plants, Sonchus oleraceus, Lagerstroemia tomentosa, Diospyros virginiana, and Toona ciliate, and to investigate the phytoconstituents from the bioactive plant extracts. The results revealed that L. tomentosa leaves methanol 80% extract was the most effective inhibitor of carbohydrate digestion which showed strong inhibition against both alpha-amylase and alphaglucosidase. The relevance to mammalian alpha-glucosidase was confirmed using a rat intestinal maltase assay however the inhibitory activity was considerably weaker relative to the yeast enzyme. None of the extracts displayed any significant inhibition against DPP-iv, an additional target to regulate postprandial hyperglycaemia. Cytotoxicity screening against Chang liver cells did not reveal any significant toxicity suggesting a favourable safety profile. Phytochemical studies of methanol 80% extract of L. tomentosa leaves produced lupeol (1), corosolic acid (2), gallic acid (3), ellagic acid (4), apigenin (5), vitexin (6), apigenin 7-O-β-glucoside (7), and kaempferol 3-O-β- galactoside (8). These results gave scientific evidence that L. tomentosa leaves may provide anti-diabetic effect through the inhibition of postprandial glucose absorption.	Antidiabetic; Lagerstroemia tomentosa; Leaves; Medicinal plants; Phenolics; Triterpenes	alkaloid; alpha glucosidase; amylase; antidiabetic agent; apigenin; apigetrin; carbohydrate; corosolic acid; coumarin derivative; Diospyros virginiana extract; ellagic acid; flavonoid; gallic acid; kaempferol 3 galactoside; Lagerstroemia tomentosa extract; lupeol; methanol; plant extract; plant medicinal product; saponin; Sonchus oleraceus extract; tannin derivative; Toona ciliate extract; triterpene; unclassified drug; vitexin; antidiabetic activity; Article; controlled study; cytotoxicity test; Diospyros virginiana; drug identification; drug mechanism; drug screening; drug structure; Egypt; enzyme inhibition; glucose absorption; IC50; Lagerstroemia tomentosa; liver cell; medicinal plant; phytochemistry; plant leaf; Sonchus oleraceus; Toona ciliate	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84895076158	Evaluation of the antidiarrhoeal activity of the hydroethanolic leaf extract of Pupalia lappacea Linn. Juss. (Amaranthaceae)	Akindele A.J., Salako O.A., Ohonbamu U.V.	2014	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	151	2	10.1016/j.jep.2013.12.013	Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology (PTT), College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P.M.B. 12003 Lagos, Nigeria	Akindele, A.J., Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology (PTT), College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P.M.B. 12003 Lagos, Nigeria; Salako, O.A., Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology (PTT), College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P.M.B. 12003 Lagos, Nigeria; Ohonbamu, U.V., Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology (PTT), College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P.M.B. 12003 Lagos, Nigeria	Ethnopharmacological Relevance Pupalia lappacea is a medicinal plant found in savannah and woodland localities and forest path sides from Senegal to Southern Nigeria. It has been used in the management of diarrhoea in Nigerian traditional medicine. This study was designed to evaluate the antidiarrhoeal activity of the hydroethanolic leaf extract of Pupalia lappacea (PL). Materials and methods The antidiarrhoeal activity of PL was evaluated using the normal and castor oil-induced intestinal transit, castor oil-induced diarrhoea, gastric emptying and intestinal fluid accumulation tests in rodents. Results PL (100-400 mg/kg, p.o.) produced a significant dose-dependent decrease in normal and castor oil-induced intestinal transit compared with the control group (distilled water 10 ml/kg, p.o.). This effect was significantly (P&lt;0.05) inhibited by pilocarpine (1 mg/kg, s.c.) but not by yohimbine (10 mg/kg, s.c.), prazosin (1 mg/kg, s.c.), or propranolol (1 mg/kg, i.p.). The extract produced a dose-dependent and significant increase in the onset of diarrhoea. PL (100-400 mg/kg) also reduced the diarrhoea score, number and weight of wet stools. The in-vivo antidiarrhoeal index (ADIin vivo) of 56.95% produced by the extract at the dose of 400 mg/kg was lower compared to that produced by loperamide 5 mg/kg (77.75%). However, PL (400 mg/kg) significantly increased gastric emptying in rats but significantly reduced the volume of intestinal content in the intestinal fluid accumulation test. Phytochemical analysis of the extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, and fixed oils and fats. The acute toxicity studies revealed that the extract is relatively safe when given orally; no death was recorded at a dose of 10 g/kg. Conclusion Results showed that the hydroethanolic leaf extract of Pupalia lappacea possesses antidiarrhoeal activity possibly mediated by antimuscarinic receptor activity. © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.	Antidiarrhoeal activity; Castor oil; Intestinal transit; Loperamide; Pupalia lappacea	Antidiarrhoeal activity; Castor oil; Intestinal transit; Loperamide; Pupalia lappacea; Amaranthaceae; Animals; Antidiarrheals; Castor Oil; Diarrhea; Ethanol; Female; Gastric Emptying; Gastrointestinal Transit; Male; Mice; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Solvents; Toxicity Tests, Acute; Water	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67349248068	Evaluation of the antidiarrhoeal effect of Sanseviera liberica Gerome & Labroy (Agavaceae) root extract	Adeyemi O.O., Akindele A.J., Ogunleye E.A.	2009	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	123	3	10.1016/j.jep.2009.03.023	Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P. M. B. 12003, Lagos, Nigeria	Adeyemi, O.O., Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P. M. B. 12003, Lagos, Nigeria; Akindele, A.J., Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P. M. B. 12003, Lagos, Nigeria; Ogunleye, E.A., Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P. M. B. 12003, Lagos, Nigeria	Ethnopharmacological relevance: The aqueous root extract of Sanseviera liberica (Agavaceae), SL, is used in Traditional African Medicine (TAM) for the treatment of diarrhoea. However, the scientific basis for this usage has not been established. Aim of the study: To evaluate the antidiarrhoeal activity of SL using various pharmacological models. Materials and methods: The intestinal transit, castor oil induced diarrhoea, enteropooling, and gastric emptying methods were used in this study. Results: SL (25-400 mg/kg, p.o.) produced significant (P &lt; 0.05) dose dependent reduction in propulsive movement in both the normal and castor oil induced intestinal transit tests in mice. Peak effect was elicited at 200 mg/kg but this effect was lower than that produced by morphine (10 mg/kg, s.c.). The effect of SL on castor oil induced intestinal transit was antagonized by isosorbide dinitrate, IDN (150 mg/kg, p.o.) but not by yohimbine (1 mg/kg, s.c.). In the castor oil induced diarrhoea test, SL significantly delayed the onset and decreased the frequency and severity of diarrhoea. The effect at 200 mg/kg was comparable to that of morphine and was reversed by IDN. SL at the dose of 200 mg/kg significantly reduced the volume of intestinal secretion induced by castor oil but produced no effect on gastric emptying. The extract was practically nontoxic administered p.o. The LD50 was 631 mg/kg given i.p. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of oils, reducing sugars, alkaloids, saponins, anthraquinones, and tannins in the extract. Conclusion: The results obtained in this study suggest that the aqueous root extract of Sanseviera liberica possesses antidiarrhoeal property due to inhibition of gastrointestinal propulsion and fluid secretion, possibly mediated through inhibition of the nitric oxide pathway. This justifies the use of the plant extract in TAM for the treatment of diarrhoea. © 2009.	Antidiarrhoeal activity; Diarrhoea; Enteropooling; Gastric emptying; Intestinal transit; Sanseviera liberica	alkaloid derivative; anthraquinone derivative; antidiarrheal agent; castor oil; isosorbide dinitrate; morphine; nitric oxide; oil; plant extract; Sanseviera liberica extract; saponin derivative; sugar; tannin derivative; unclassified drug; yohimbine; Africa; animal experiment; animal model; aqueous solution; article; controlled study; diarrhea; disease severity; dose response; drug antagonism; drug dose comparison; female; gastrointestinal transit; intestine fluid; intestine secretion; LD 50; male; mouse; nonhuman; phytochemistry; plant root; rat; stomach acid secretion; stomach emptying; traditional medicine; treatment outcome; treatment response; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Animals; Antidiarrheals; Castor Oil; Diarrhea; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Gastrointestinal Transit; Intestines; Isosorbide Dinitrate; Male; Medicine, African Traditional; Mice; Morphine; Narcotics; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Plant Roots; Plants, Medicinal; Rats; Sansevieria; Vasodilator Agents; Yohimbine; Agavaceae; Mus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-40549140122	Evaluation of anti-diarrhoeal properties of methanolic Root extract of Piliostigma reticulatum in rats	Salawu O.A., Tijani A.Y., Obidike I.C., Chindo B.A.	2007	Journal of Phytomedicine and Therapeutics	12	None	None	Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD), Idu Industrial Area, P.M.B. 21, Garki, Abuja, Nigeria	Salawu, O.A., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD), Idu Industrial Area, P.M.B. 21, Garki, Abuja, Nigeria; Tijani, A.Y., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD), Idu Industrial Area, P.M.B. 21, Garki, Abuja, Nigeria; Obidike, I.C., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD), Idu Industrial Area, P.M.B. 21, Garki, Abuja, Nigeria; Chindo, B.A., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD), Idu Industrial Area, P.M.B. 21, Garki, Abuja, Nigeria	Piliostigma reticulatum (DC) Hoechst (Leguminosae) is an evergreen shrub reputed to possess a number of medicinal properties. The methanolic extract of Piliostigma reticulatum root (Leguminosae) was evaluated for anti-diarrhoeal activity in rats using castor oil-induced diarrhoea and fluid accumulation and activated charcoal test models. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, glycosides, saponins, sterols, alkaloid and balsam. The extract (at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg) and atropine (3 mg/kg) significantly inhibited castor oil-induced diarrhoea (53.5 72.1%) and fluid accumulation (35.17 71.03%) and small intestinal transit (9.38 21.74%) in the rats. The results obtained in this study revealed that the extract has remarkable anti-diarrhoeal effect, which may be due to the presence of the tannins, alkaloids and saponins constituents and can thus be used in the treatment of non-specific diarrhoea.	Anti-diarrhoeal activity; Gastrointestinal tract; Piliostigma reticulatum; Rat	alkaloid; antidiarrheal agent; atropine; balsam; castor oil; glycoside; methanol; Piliostigma reticulatum extract; plant extract; saponin; sterol; tannin derivative; unclassified drug; animal experiment; animal model; article; controlled study; diarrhea; drug mechanism; drug screening; drug structure; female; gastrointestinal transit; male; nonhuman; Piliostigma reticulatum; plant; rat	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878828880	Evaluation of the antidiarrhoeal and antidiabetic activities of the leaf aqueous extract of Syzygium cordatum Hoscht. ex C.Krauss (Mytraceae) in rodents	Deliwe M., Amabeoku G.J.	2013	International Journal of Pharmacology	9	2	10.3923/ijp.2013.125.133	Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag XI7, Bellville 7535, South Africa	Deliwe, M., Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag XI7, Bellville 7535, South Africa; Amabeoku, G.J., Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag XI7, Bellville 7535, South Africa	Syzygium cordatum Hoscht. ex C.Krauss is widely used by traditional medicine practitioners to treat many ailments including diarrhoea and diabetes. Despite the folklore use, little evidence can be found in literature to corroborate the claims of therapeutic success of the plant species. The objective of the study was to investigate the antidiarrhoeal and antidiabetic activities of the leaf aqueous extract of the plant species in mice and rats, respectively. The antidiarrhoeal activity of the leaf aqueous extract of S. cordatum was investigated using castor oil-induced diarrhoeal test. The antidiabetic activity of the plant extract was studied using streptozotoxin-induced diabetes in rats. Acute toxicity study of plant extract was also carried out using a standard method. Leaf aqueous extract of S. cordatum significantly reduced the number of diarrhoeal episodes, decreased the stool mass and delayed the onset of castor oil-induced diarrhoea in mice. Loperamide was shown to protect the animals against castor oil-induced diarrhoea. Both the leaf aqueous extract of S. cordatum and chlorpropamide significantly lowered the blood glucose levels in both normal and streptozotoxin-induced diabetic rats. The LD50 value obtained for the plant extract was over 4000 mg kg-1 orally. The results obtained suggest that the leaf aqueous extract of S. cordatum has both antidiarrhoeal and antidiabetic activities. This justifies the folklore use of the plant species by traditional medicine practitioners to treat diarrhoea and diabetes. The relatively high LD50 value obtained for the leaf aqueous extract shows that the plant species is non toxic to mice. © 2013 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Antidiarrhoeal and antidiabetic activities; Leaf aqueous extract; Mice; Mytraceae; Rats; Syzygium cordatum	activated carbon; castor oil; chlorpropamide; loperamide; plant extract; Syzygium cordatum extract; unclassified drug; acute toxicity; animal experiment; animal model; antidiabetic activity; antidiarrheal activity; article; controlled study; diabetes mellitus; diarrhea; LD 50; male; mouse; nonhuman; plant leaf; rat; rodent; streptozocin diabetes; toxicity testing; traditional medicine	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33749344765	Evaluation of the antidiarrhoeal activity of Byrsocarpus coccineus	Akindele A.J., Adeyemi O.O.	2006	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	108	1	10.1016/j.jep.2006.03.038	Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P.M.B 12003, Lagos, Nigeria	Akindele, A.J., Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P.M.B 12003, Lagos, Nigeria; Adeyemi, O.O., Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P.M.B 12003, Lagos, Nigeria	Based on its use in traditional African medicine, the antidiarrhoeal activity of the aqueous leaf extract of Byrsocarpus coccineus, Connaraceae, was evaluated on normal and castor oil-induced intestinal transit, castor oil-induced diarrhoea, enteropooling and gastric emptying. The extract (50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) produced a significant (P &lt; 0.05) dose dependent decrease in propulsion in the castor oil-induced intestinal transit in mice. The mean peristaltic index (%) for these doses of extract, control (distilled water; 10 ml/kg, p.o.) and morphine (10 mg/kg, s.c.) were 55.27 ± 1.86, 53.12 ± 3.73, 38.60 ± 3.79, 30.25 ± 1.27, 89.33 ± 5.62 and 20.29 ± 3.38, respectively. The effect of the extract at the highest dose was significantly (P &lt; 0.05) lower than that of the standard drug. This effect was antagonised by yohimbine (1 mg/kg, s.c.) but not by isosorbide dinitrate (IDN, 150 mg/kg, p.o.). At 200 mg/kg, the extract produced a significant decrease in propulsion in normal intestinal transit. In a dose dependent manner, it delayed the onset of diarrhoea, produced a significant decrease in the frequency of defaecation, severity of diarrhoea and protected the mice treated with castor oil. Mean diarrhoea scores were 30.83 ± 1.72, 22.40 ± 1.71, 21.43 ± 1.32, 13.80 ± 0.33, 18.00 ± 3.94 and 7.67 ± 2.41 for control, extract (50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) and morphine, respectively. This effect was not antagonized by IDN. The extract (400 mg/kg) significantly decreased the volume (ml) of intestinal fluid secretion induced by castor oil (0.60 ± 0.23) compared with 1.27 ± 0.12 for control. However, there was no significant effect on gastric emptying. The results obtained suggest that Byrsocarpus coccineus possesses antidiarrhoeal activity due to its inhibitory effect on gastrointestinal propulsion, mediated through α2 adrenoceptors, and also inhibition of fluid secretion. Preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, reducing sugars, glycosides and anthraquinones. © 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	Antidiarrhoeal; Byrsocarpus coccineus; Castor oil-induced diarrhoea; Intestinal transit	alpha 2 adrenergic receptor; Byrsocarpus coccineus extract; castor oil; isosorbide dinitrate; morphine; plant extract; unclassified drug; water; yohimbine; acute toxicity; animal experiment; animal model; antidiarrheal activity; article; Byrsocarpus coccineus; controlled study; diarrhea; dose response; drug activity; female; gastrointestinal motility; intestine fluid; intestine motility; intestine secretion; intestine transit time; male; medicinal plant; mouse; nonhuman; peristalsis; rat; stomach emptying; Animals; Antidiarrheals; Connaraceae; Diarrhea; Female; Gastrointestinal Transit; Male; Mice; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Plant Preparations; Rats; Byrsocarpus coccineus; Connaraceae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-24644432106	Evaluation of five medicinal plants used in diarrhoea treatment in Nigeria	Agunu A., Yusuf S., Andrew G.O., Zezi A.U., Abdurahman E.M.	2005	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	101	03-Jan	10.1016/j.jep.2005.03.025	Department of Pharmacognosy and Drug Development, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Department of Human Physiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Agunu, A., Department of Pharmacognosy and Drug Development, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Yusuf, S., Department of Human Physiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Andrew, G.O., Department of Pharmacognosy and Drug Development, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Zezi, A.U., Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Abdurahman, E.M., Department of Pharmacognosy and Drug Development, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Five medicinal plants [Acacia nilotica, Acanthospermun hispidum, Gmelina arborea, Parkia biglobosa and Vitex doniana] used in diarrhoeal treatment in Kaduna State, Nigeria, were investigated. This study was carried out on perfused isolated rabbit jejunum and castor oil-induced diarrhoea in mice. The aqueous methanol extracts (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 mg/ml) were generally found to cause a dose-dependent response in the isolated rabbit jejunum, though this was not uniform in all the plants. Gmelina arborea and Vitex doniana showed concentration dependent relaxation at low doses (0.5, 1.0 mg/ml), but showed no significant relaxation at higher doses (2.0, 3.0 mg/ml). Other extracts showed biphasic effects. For example, Acacia nilotica at 3.0 mg/ml caused initial relaxation quickly followed by contraction. In the castor oil-induced diarrhoeal, 100% protections were shown by extracts of Acacia nilotica and Parkia biglobosa (100, 200 mg/kg) while Vitex doniana showed a dose-dependent effect. The least protection was shown by Acanthospermun hispidum, at the same dose, when compared with the other four plants. The results obtained revealed that the aqueous methanol extracts of all the five medicinal plants investigated have pharmacological activity against diarrhoea. This may explain their use in traditional medicine for the treatment of diarrhoea. © 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	Antidiarrhoeal; Castor oil; Medicinal plants; Methanol extracts; Tissue relaxation	Acacia nilotica extract; acanthospermum hispidum extract; castor oil; Gmelina arborea extract; loperamide; methanol; Parkia biglobosa extract; plant extract; unclassified drug; vitex doniana extract; Acacia; acanthospermum hispidum; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; article; concentration (parameters); controlled study; diarrhea; drug activity; drug effect; drug screening; gmelina arborea; intestine contraction; jejunum; male; medicinal plant; mouse; muscle relaxation; Nigeria; nonhuman; Parkia biglobosa; rabbit; Vitex doniana; Acacia; Animals; Diarrhea; Jejunum; Male; Mice; Nigeria; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Rabbits; Vitex; Acacia nilotica; Gmelina arborea; Oryctolagus cuniculus; Parkia biglobosa; Vitex doniana	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34247216261	Evaluation of anti-diarrhoeal and anti-ulcerogenic potential of ethanol extract of Carpolobia lutea leaves in rodents	Nwafor P.A., Bassey A.I.L.	2007	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	111	3	10.1016/j.jep.2007.01.019	Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, PMB 1017, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria	Nwafor, P.A., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, PMB 1017, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria; Bassey, A.I.L., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, PMB 1017, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria	The effect of ethanol extract of Carpolobia lutea leaves on experimentally induced diarrhoea and ulcers was studied in rodents. The extract (245-735 mg/kg) inhibited small intestinal transit time (15.10-45.03%), castor oil-induced diarrhoea (25.69-43.54%) and fluid accumulation (7.53-34.15%), respectively, as well as indomethancin (47.64-79.79%) and ethanol-induced (65.63-89.65%) ulcer models. The various degrees of inhibitions were statistically significant (p &lt; 0.001). The phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of tannins, saponins and flavonoids. Others include cardiac glycosides, anthraquinones and terpenes. The median lethal dose (LD50) was determined to be 2449.49 mg/kg body weight. Though the mechanism of action of the extract may not be fully understood, the extract may in part be mediating its actions through its inhibitory effects on α2-adrenoceptor and cholinergic (anti-muscarinic receptor) systems or through the actions of its active metabolites. © 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	Anti-diarroheal; Anti-ulcerogenic; Carpolobia lutea leaves; Ethanol extract; Rodents	alcohol; alpha 2 adrenergic receptor; anthraquinone derivative; cardiac glycoside; Carpolobia lutea extract; castor oil; cholinergic receptor; cimetidine; diphenoxylate; flavonoid; indometacin; plant extract; saponin derivative; tannin derivative; terpene derivative; unclassified drug; yohimbine; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; article; controlled study; diarrhea; drug activity; drug mechanism; intestine transit time; intestine ulcer; LD 50; mouse; nonhuman; Polygalaceae; rat; Acetylcholine; Animals; Anti-Ulcer Agents; Antidiarrheals; Diarrhea; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Gastrointestinal Transit; Lethal Dose 50; Medicine, African Traditional; Mice; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Plants, Medicinal; Polygalaceae; Rats; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2; Stomach Ulcer; Carpolobia; Rodentia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34548546688	Evaluation of the anti-edematogenic activity of the aqueous extract of Leea guineensis	Falodun A., Okunrobo L.O., Agbo L.O.	2007	Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research	50	2	None	Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	Falodun, A., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Okunrobo, L.O., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Agbo, L.O., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	The aqueous extract of Leea guineensis leaves was evaluated for its anti-edematogenic properties.The phytochemical studies revealed the presence of saponins and glycosides as the secondary metabolites. Using the carrageenaninduced paw oedema, there was a significant (P<0.001) reduction in edema. The study also revealed a dose dependent antiedematogenic activity.	Anti-edematogenic activity; Carrageenan; Leea guineensis	evergreen tree; organic compound; phytochemistry; secondary metabolite; shrub; Leea guineensis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349605017	Mortality and anti-feedants evaluation of hexane and ethanol extracts of Lantana camara (Verbenaceae), African nutmeg (Monodoro myristica (Gaerth) Dunal) and Enuopiri (Euphorbia Laterifloria, Schum and Thonner) against subterranean termite workers (Macrot	Ogunsina O.O., Oladimeji M.O., Faboro E.O.	2009	Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry	91	5	10.1080/02772240802614796	Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry/Biochemistry, Bowen University, Akure, Osun State, Nigeria	Ogunsina, O.O., Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria; Oladimeji, M.O., Department of Chemistry/Biochemistry, Bowen University, Akure, Osun State, Nigeria; Faboro, E.O., Department of Chemistry/Biochemistry, Bowen University, Akure, Osun State, Nigeria	Laboratory bioassays were conducted using hexone and ethanol extracts of Lantana camara, A. nutmeg and Euphorbia laterifloria against subterranean termite workers. The test arenas consisted of 9cm Whatman No. 1 filter paper, treated with five different prepared concentrations of each of the different extracts and the untreated control. All the different concentrations of the extracts tested have increasing mortality, and anti-feedants effect causes them to increase with each day of the experiment. All the extracts recorded 100% mortality rate after six days of treatment with concentration of 10g/100 mL. After two weeks of the experiment, L. camara hexane extract had the best anti-feedant effect, recording 39.7mg filter paper mass loss. Lethal dose analysis (LD50 and LD90) was carried out to determine the economic impact of this study. From this study it was discovered that with as low as 0.50g/100 mL of hexane extract of both L. camara and Enuopiri, 50% mortality can be recorded and 90% mortality can be achieved with 0.90g/100mL for all the plants hexane extracts. These results demonstrated that all the plant materials are good termicidal agents with good economic value. © 2009 Taylor &amp; Francis.	Anti-feedants; Enuopiri; Extracts; Mortality; Nutmeg; Termite	Anti-feedants; Enuopiri; Extracts; Mortality; Nutmeg; Termite; Ethanol; Hexane; Ladder networks; Experiments; antifeedant; bioassay; dicotyledon; economic impact; ethanol; mortality; plant extract; termite; worker caste; Euphorbia; Isoptera; Lantana; Lantana camara; Myristica; Myristica fragrans; Rhinotermitidae; Verbenaceae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-9644290819	Phytochemical screening and pharmacological evaluations for the antifertility effect of the methanolic root extract of Rumex steudelii	Gebrie E., Makonnen E., Debella A., Zerihun L.	2005	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	96	42371	10.1016/j.jep.2004.08.026	Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa Univ., P.O. Box 9086, A., Ethiopia; Department of Drug Research, Ethiopian Hlth. and Nutr. Res. Inst., P.O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Ethiopia; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa Univ., P.O. Box 9086, A., Ethiopia	Gebrie, E., Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa Univ., P.O. Box 9086, A., Ethiopia; Makonnen, E., Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa Univ., P.O. Box 9086, A., Ethiopia; Debella, A., Department of Drug Research, Ethiopian Hlth. and Nutr. Res. Inst., P.O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Ethiopia; Zerihun, L., Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa Univ., P.O. Box 9086, A., Ethiopia	The practice of traditional medicine for the control of fertility in most parts of Ethiopia is based on the uses of plant medicines for many years. The fact that herbal medicines have been employed for such a long time does not guarantee their efficacy and safety. The aim of the present study was, therefore, to carry out phytochemical screening, efficacy and safety studies on one of the traditionally used antifertility plants: Rumex steudelii. The secondary metabolites of the root of this plant were determined. The methanolic extract of the roots of this plant were investigated for their antifertility activity in female rats and oral LD 50 was determined in mice. The identification of the secondary metabolites showed that the roots of the plant contained phytosterols and polyphenols. It was found that the extract reduced significantly (p &lt; 0.01) the number of litters. It also produced antifertility effect in a dose dependent manner and the contraceptive effect was manifested for a definite period of time. Furthermore, the extract prolonged significantly the estrus cycle (p &lt; 0.05) and the diestrous phase (p &lt; 0.01) of the rats. The wet weights of the ovaries and uterus were shown to be reduced significantly (p &lt; 0.01) and (p &lt; 0.05), respectively. The oral LD 50 of the extract was found to be 5 g/kg in mice. All these observations suggest that the extract has antifertility effect and is safe at the effective antifertility doses employed in this study. © 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	Antifertility; Estrus cycle; Female rats; LD 50; Rumex steudelii extract; Secondary metabolites	plant extract; Rumex steudelii extract; unclassified drug; animal experiment; article; contraception; controlled study; diestrus; drug effect; drug efficacy; drug safety; drug screening; estrus cycle; female; LD 50; male; medicinal plant; nonhuman; ovary; plant root; rat; rumex steudelii; statistical significance; uterus; Animals; Body Weight; Contraceptive Agents, Female; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Estrous Cycle; Female; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Methanol; Mice; Organ Size; Ovary; Plant Extracts; Plant Roots; Pregnancy; Rats; Rumex; Uterus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897876894	Evaluation of oral administration of aqueous leaf extract of Momordica charantia on fertility hormones of adult male wistar rats	Osonuga Odusoga A., Osonuga Ifabunmi O., Ayokunle O.	2014	Global Journal of Pharmacology	8	2	10.5829/idosi.gjp.2014.8.2.82278	Departments of Pharmacology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Remo Campus, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Physiology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Remo Campus, Ogun State, Nigeria; School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana	Osonuga Odusoga, A., Departments of Pharmacology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Remo Campus, Ogun State, Nigeria; Osonuga Ifabunmi, O., Department of Physiology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Remo Campus, Ogun State, Nigeria; Ayokunle, O., School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana	The aim of this study was to determine the effect of various doses of aqueous leaf extract of Momordica charantia on fertility hormones of adult male Wistar rats. Twenty health male albino rats were randomly assigned equally to four groups: low dose (LD), medium dose (MD) and high dose (HD) groups, treated with extracts of M. charantia at 12.5g, 25.0g and 50.0g respectively for thirty days. The last group (C) served as control, being given distilled water. The animals were sacrificed after the treatment period. There was statistically significant (p<0.05) reduction in plasma FSH and testosterone levels in a dose dependent manner. This study has shown that M. charantia suppresses the pituitary-testicular axis, thus careful evaluation of an infertile male should involve a detailed drug history to aid diagnosis and management. © IDOSI Publications, 2014.	Antifertility; Follicle stimulating hormone; Momordica charantia; Testosterone	follitropin; Momordica charantia extract; testosterone; water; adult; animal experiment; article; controlled study; dose response; drug dose comparison; drug megadose; follitropin blood level; low drug dose; male; male fertility; nonhuman; plant leaf; rat; testosterone blood level; Wistar rat	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33845252900	Evaluation of antifungal activity and phytochemical analysis of leaves, roots and stem barks extracts of Calotropis procera (Asclepiadaceae)	Hassan S.W., Bilbis F.L., Ladan M.J., Umar R.A., Dangoggo S.M., Saidu Y., Abubakar M.K., Faruk U.Z.	2006	Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences	9	14	10.3923/pjbs.2006.2624.2629	Department of Biochemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B. 2346, Sokoto, Nigeria; Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B 2346, Sokoto, Nigeria	Hassan, S.W., Department of Biochemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B. 2346, Sokoto, Nigeria; Bilbis, F.L., Department of Biochemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B. 2346, Sokoto, Nigeria; Ladan, M.J., Department of Biochemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B. 2346, Sokoto, Nigeria; Umar, R.A., Department of Biochemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B. 2346, Sokoto, Nigeria; Dangoggo, S.M., Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B 2346, Sokoto, Nigeria; Saidu, Y., Department of Biochemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B. 2346, Sokoto, Nigeria; Abubakar, M.K., Department of Biochemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B. 2346, Sokoto, Nigeria; Faruk, U.Z., Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B 2346, Sokoto, Nigeria	The aqueous and organic solvents extracts of leaves, stem barks and roots of Calotropis procera were screened for antifungal (agar dilution method) and phytochemical properties. Organic solvents extracts of the stem bark significantly (p&lt;0.05) inhibited growth of Trichophyton rubrum and Microsporum gypseum. The petroleum ether (PE) extract however was significantly (p&lt;0.05) active on only Trichophyton rubrum at concentrations ranging from 0.66 to 5.33 mg mL-1. All the leave extract fractions completely inhibited the growth of the tested organisms. The roots fractions of hexane (HX) and PE extracts showed significant (p&lt;0.05) growth inhibitions of Microsporum gypseum and Aspergillus niger. All the aqueous extract fractions of the plant parts showed complete growth inhibition of all the tested organisms. Alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, triterpenoids, saponins and saponin glycosides were detected in the leaves and roots extract fractions, with only flavonoids, triterpenoids and saponins in the stem bark extracts. The results obtained lend scientific credence for the use of the plant against fungal diseases. © 2006 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Antifungal; Calotropis procera; In vitro screening	Apocynaceae; Arthroderma gypseum; Aspergillus niger; Calotropis; Calotropis procera; Trichophyton rubrum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84855527677	Performance of a semiochemical-baited autoinoculation device treated with Metarhizium anisopliae for control of Frankliniella occidentalis on French bean in field cages	Niassy S., Maniania N.K., Subramanian S., Gitonga L.M., Ekesi S.	2012	Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata	142	2	10.1111/j.1570-7458.2011.01203.x	International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), PO Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), PO Box 62000, Nairobi, Kenya	Niassy, S., International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), PO Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), PO Box 62000, Nairobi, Kenya; Maniania, N.K., International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), PO Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Subramanian, S., International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), PO Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Gitonga, L.M., Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), PO Box 62000, Nairobi, Kenya; Ekesi, S., International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), PO Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya	The performance of an autoinoculation device was evaluated in field cage experiments for control of Western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), in French bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L. var. Samantha (Fabaceae). Treatments consisted of a fungus-treated device with and without semiochemical (Lurem-TR), and a fungus-free device as control; the fungus used was Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) Sorokin (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae). The overall mean number of conidia acquired by a single insect was higher in the fungus-treated semiochemical-baited device than in the device without semiochemical: 5.0±0.6×10 4 vs. 2.2±0.4×10 4 conidia per insect. The overall thrips mortality was also higher in the semiochemical-baited device than in the device without the semiochemical: 59.3±3.9 vs. 41.7±3.5%. Conidial viability was not affected in the M. anisopliae-treated device without semiochemicals, 7days after treatment, whereas it was considerably decreased - from 81.0±1.3 to 6.5±1.1%, 2 and 7days post-inoculation - in the M. anisopliae-treated semiochemical-baited device. Thrips mortality was positively correlated with M. anisopliae conidial viability, and conidial viability was negatively correlated with conidial acquisition. This suggests that the semiochemical volatiles reduced the conidial viability, which in turn resulted in significant reduction in thrips mortality, despite the highest conidial acquisition in the semiochemical-baited fungus-treated device. Thrips density per plant was significantly reduced in both fungus-treated treatments (with semiochemical: 8.7±1.7 adults per plant; without semiochemical: 6.6±1.4 adults per plant) compared with the fungus-free control (19.8±2.6 adults per plant). These results demonstrate the potential for an autoinoculation device strategy for the control of thrips, particularly in screenhouses. © 2011 The Authors. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata © 2011 The Netherlands Entomological Society.	Antifungal; Clavicipitaceae; Conidial acquisition; Conidial persistence; Fabaceae; Lurem; Methyl-isonicotinate; Thripidae; Thysanoptera; Western flower thrips	bait; disease treatment; fungus; inoculation; legume; mortality; performance assessment; pest control; semiochemical; thrips; volatile substance; Clavicipitaceae; Fabaceae; Frankliniella; Frankliniella occidentalis; Fungi; Hexapoda; Hypocreales; Metarhizium anisopliae; Phaseolus vulgaris; Thripidae; Thysanoptera	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79957577723	Evaluation of immunocytochemistry on pleural fluid for the diagnosis of pleural tuberculosis	Omar S.V., Baba K., Ismail N.A., Joubert H.F., Hoosen A.A.	2011	Current Research in Tuberculosis	3	1	10.3923/crt.2011.20.24	Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Limpopo, Medunsa Campus, Pretoria, South Africa	Omar, S.V., Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Baba, K., Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Ismail, N.A., Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Joubert, H.F., Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Limpopo, Medunsa Campus, Pretoria, South Africa; Hoosen, A.A., Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic potential of immunocytochemistry against the Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) antigen on pleural fluid for the diagnosis of pleural tuberculosis. Immunocytochemistry refers to the process of localizing proteins in cells and exploiting the principle of antigens binding to their respective antibodies. Visualization is enabled by tagging the antibody with color producing tags. Consecutive pleural fluid specimens were cytospun and stained for the BCG antigen. Specimens were cultured on Lowenstein Jensen media. After incubation, culture slopes were washed with distilled water and washings used to perform real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay for mycobacteria. Immunocytochemistry detected mycobacteria in 10/102 (9.8%) specimens compared to 22/102 (21.6%) by culture and 26/102 (25.5%) by real-time PCR. This gave a sensitivity of 27% [95%CI: 16, 34] and specificity of 96% [95%CI: 92, 99] (p = 0.002). Immunocytochemistry detecting the BCG antigen was not useful for the diagnosis of pleural tuberculosis. © 2011 Academic Journals Inc.	Antigen; BCG; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; PCR; Rapid	Mycobacterium antigen; article; bacterium culture; bacterium detection; controlled study; diagnostic test accuracy study; diagnostic value; human; immunocytochemistry; intermethod comparison; Mycobacterium avium; Mycobacterium kansasii; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; pleura fluid; predictive value; real time polymerase chain reaction; sensitivity and specificity; tuberculous pleurisy	None
None	None	Evaluation of the KEMRI Hep-cell ii test kit for detection of hepatitis B surface antigens in Tanzania	Kilale A.M., Range N.S., Ngowi P.H., Kahwa A.M., Mfinanga S.G.	2012	Tanzania Journal of Health Research	14	3	10.4314/thrb.v14i3.5	National Institute for Medical Research, Muhimbili Medical Research Centre, P. 0. Box 3436, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Kilale, A.M., National Institute for Medical Research, Muhimbili Medical Research Centre, P. 0. Box 3436, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Range, N.S., National Institute for Medical Research, Muhimbili Medical Research Centre, P. 0. Box 3436, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Ngowi, P.H., National Institute for Medical Research, Muhimbili Medical Research Centre, P. 0. Box 3436, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Kahwa, A.M., National Institute for Medical Research, Muhimbili Medical Research Centre, P. 0. Box 3436, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Mfinanga, S.G., National Institute for Medical Research, Muhimbili Medical Research Centre, P. 0. Box 3436, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is one of the most important serological markers used to diagnose acute and chronic hepatitis B infection. The objective of the current evaluation was to assess the operational characteristics of the Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) Hep-cell II against an ELISA Exsym HBsAg in the detection of hepatitis B surface antigens. To evaluate the Hep-cell II test, blood samples were collected from blood donors and processed for detection of HBsAg using Hep-cell II based on the test principle and procedure outlined by the manufacturer. ELISA Axsym HBsAg test was used as golden standard. Of the 400 samples tested, 287 (71.8%) were positive by Hep-cell test and 295 (73.8%) were positive by the ELISA Axsym. Hep-cell test had a sensitivity of 98.6% and specificity of 95.96%. Similar values of sensitivity and specificity of the Hep-cell test were obtained even when Bayesian Analysis Model was applied. The positive and negative predictive values of Hep-cell test were 98.61% and 95.96%, respectively. The positive and negative diagnostic likelihood ratios of Hep-cell test were 24.4% and 0.0145, respectively. In conclusion, the Hep-cell test is useful for detecting hepatitis B virus and the high likelihood ratio observed suggests that it may be useful in blood screening. However, it may be necessary to evaluate for cost-effectiveness and robustness in field conditions before the test is recommended for use.	Antigen; Diagnosis; Hep-cell test; Hepatitis B; KEMRI; Tanzania	hepatitis B surface antigen; antigen detection; article; Bayes theorem; blood donor; blood sampling; diagnostic kit; diagnostic test accuracy study; diagnostic value; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; Hep cell II test kit; hepatitis B; human; intermethod comparison; predictive value; sensitivity and specificity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84918769713	Isolation and evaluation of antiglycation potential of polyalthic acid (furano-terpene) from Daniella oliveri	Atolani O., Olatunji G.A.	2014	Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis	4	6	10.1016/j.jpha.2014.05.002	Department of Chemical Sciences, Redeemer's University, P.M.B. 3005, Redemption Camp, Mowe, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria	Atolani, O., Department of Chemical Sciences, Redeemer's University, P.M.B. 3005, Redemption Camp, Mowe, Ogun State, Nigeria, Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria; Olatunji, G.A., Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria	A furano-diterpene (polyalthic acid) was isolated as a major stable compound for the first time from the oleoresin of the Daniella oliveri of the family Caesalpiniacea through column chromatography fractionation. Polyalthic acid was characterized using data obtained from EIMS, HREIMS, ESI-MS, MALDI-MS as well as 1D and 2D NMR and it was evaluated for its potential to inhibit the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) using a standard in vitro antiglycation procedure. Polyalthic acid indicated a negative antiglycation potential compared to standard inhibitor that has 85% inhibition, which is an indication that polyalthic acid may not contribute to the antiglycation activity of the plant as acclaimed in folkloric medicine. The negative antiglycation observed could indicate that the polyalthic acid could trigger glycation, thereby subjecting users to various degrees of complications. The bioactivity evaluation on molinspiration evaluator indicated that polyalthic acid could be a potential drug candidate. The biological and chemical insights gained on polyalthic acid provide a good basis for future research. © 2014 Xi'an Jiaotong University.	Antiglycation; Daniella oliveria; Furano-diterpene; Matrix assistedlaser desorption/ionization (MALDI); Polyalthic acid	advanced glycation end product; furan derivative; hydrogen; polyalthic acid; rutoside; terpene derivative; unclassified drug; antiglycation activity; Article; biological activity; Caesalpinia; controlled study; Daniella oliveri; deciduous plant; drug activity; drug isolation; drug screening; electrospray mass spectrometry; heteronuclear multiple bond correlation; heteronuclear multiple quantum coherence; hydrogen bond; IC50; plant exudate; tree	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80051578942	Evaluation of four Cameroonian medicinal plants for anticancer, antigonorrheal and antireverse transcriptase activities	Mbaveng A.T., Kuete V., Mapunya B.M., Beng V.P., Nkengfack A.E., Meyer J.J.M., Lall N.	2011	Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology	32	2	10.1016/j.etap.2011.04.006	Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Cameroon; Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of science, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon; Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Biological Science, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	Mbaveng, A.T., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon; Kuete, V., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Cameroon, Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Biological Science, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Mapunya, B.M., Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Biological Science, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Beng, V.P., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon; Nkengfack, A.E., Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of science, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon; Meyer, J.J.M., Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Biological Science, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Lall, N., Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of science, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon	Methanol extracts from the leaves, bark and roots of four Cameroonian medicinal plants, Bersama engleriana, Cupressus lusitanica, Vitellaria paradoxa and Guibourtia tessmannii were tested for their in vitro cytotoxicity, antigonorrheal and antireverse transcriptase activities. The XTT (2,3-bis[2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl]-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxyanilide inner salt) assay, the dilution method and reverse transcriptase (RT) assay were used for the investigations. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of the extracts was also conducted using standard methods. Results showed that all extracts contained compounds belonging to the classes of phenols and terpenoids. They were also able to reduce in dose dependent manner, the proliferation of the cancer THP-1, DU145, HeLa, MCF-7, HepG2 and the normal Vero cells. IC50 values below 30μg/ml were noted with extract from the three parts of B. engleriana on at least two of the five studied cancer cell lines, the lowest value of 5.9μg/ml being obtained with sample from the bark. IC50 values below 30μg/ml were also recorded with extracts from the leaves (on HeLa cells) and bark (on MCF-7) of G. tessmanii, and that from the bark of C. lusitanica on MCF-7. Extracts from B. engleriana and those from the bark of V. paradoxa gave the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) values below 100μg/ml on most of the 10 tested Nesseria gonorrhoeae strains. Extracts from B. engleriana also inhibited more than 80% the activity of the Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV) enzyme. Finally, the results of the present study provide baseline information for the use of B. engleriana, C. lusitanica, G. tessmanii, V. paradoxa. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.	Anti-gonorrheal; Anti-reverse transcriptase; Anticancer; Medicinal plants	2,3 bis[2 methoxy 4 nitro 5 sulfophenyl] 2h tetrazolium 5 carboxyanilide inner salt; anilide; anthraquinone derivative; antineoplastic agent; Bersama engleriana extract; Cupressus lusitanica extract; doxorubicin; flavonoid; Guibourtia tessmannii extract; methanol; phenol derivative; plant extract; RNA directed DNA polymerase inhibitor; tannin derivative; terpenoid derivative; unclassified drug; Vitellaria paradoxa extract; animal cell; antibacterial activity; antineoplastic activity; article; bacterial strain; bark; Bersama engleriana; Cameroon; cancer cell culture; cancer inhibition; cell strain DU145; cell strain HepG2; cell strain MCF 7; cell strain THP 1; concentration response; controlled study; Cupressus; Cupressus lusitanica; dilution; drug cytotoxicity; drug isolation; drug screening; enzyme assay; enzyme inhibition; Guibourtia tessmannii; HeLa cell; human; human cell; IC 50; in vitro study; medicinal plant; minimum inhibitory concentration; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; nonhuman; phytochemistry; plant leaf; plant root; priority journal; Vero cell; Vitellaria paradoxa; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Cameroon; Cell Line, Tumor; Cercopithecus aethiops; Gonorrhea; HIV Reverse Transcriptase; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Neoplasms; Phenols; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; Terpenes; Vero Cells; Bersama; Cupressus lusitanica; Guibourtia tessmannii; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Vitellaria paradoxa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956627853	Poor performance of hepatitis C antibody tests in hospital patients in Uganda	Seremba E., Ocama P., Opio C.K., Thomas D.L., Yuan H.J., Attar N., Lee W.M.	2010	Journal of Medical Virology	82	8	10.1002/jmv.21817	Makerere University Medical School, Kampala, Uganda; Johns Hopkins Medical School, Baltimore, MD, United States; Southwestern Medical School, University of Texas, Dallas, TX, United States	Seremba, E., Makerere University Medical School, Kampala, Uganda; Ocama, P., Makerere University Medical School, Kampala, Uganda; Opio, C.K., Makerere University Medical School, Kampala, Uganda; Thomas, D.L., Makerere University Medical School, Kampala, Uganda; Yuan, H.J., Johns Hopkins Medical School, Baltimore, MD, United States; Attar, N., Southwestern Medical School, University of Texas, Dallas, TX, United States; Lee, W.M., Southwestern Medical School, University of Texas, Dallas, TX, United States	Most hepatitis C testing in Uganda is performed using commercial rapid strip assays (RSA) to detect antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV), rather than enzyme immunoassays (EIA). The prevalence of hepatitis C antibodies in a Ugandan hospital population was determined using both methods to test their accuracy using nucleic acid testing (NAT) as a reference. Sera from 380 consecutive hospitalized Ugandan patients were tested for anti-HCV using an RSA in Uganda, with subsequent automated third-generation EIA testing in the United States, followed by NAT. Recombinant immunoblot assays (RIBA) were used as a supplementary test to detect anti-HCV epitopes. Overall, anti-HCV was detected in 48/380 (13%) by one or both antibody tests. Anti-HCV was detected in 19 (5.0%) patients by RSA and in 33 (8.7%) patients by EIA; only four patients were anti-HCV positive by both methods. Fourteen of the 48 anti-HCV positive patients had detectable serum HCV RNA, 7 each by bDNA assay or by PCR. RSA detected only 7 of 14 HCV RNA positive sera. Of 29 RNA negative but anti-HCV positive patients tested by RIBA, only two were anti-HCV positive; 27 were anti-HCV negative or indeterminate. Anti-HCV testing by RSA and/or EIA was neither sensitive nor specific for detection of ongoing HCV infection in hospitalized Ugandan patients. Our findings underscore the importance of confirmatory nucleic acid testing, which, despite its increased cost, appears essential to manage African patients with HCV. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.	Anti-HCV; Enzyme immunoassay; Nucleic acid testing; Rapid slide test	hepatitis C antibody; virus antibody; virus RNA; hepatitis C antibody; adolescent; adult; aged; antibody blood level; article; assay; cohort analysis; cross-sectional study; diagnostic accuracy; DNA determination; female; hepatitis C; Hepatitis C virus; hospitalization; human; immunoassay; immunoblotting; major clinical study; male; polymerase chain reaction; rapid strip assay; recombinant immunoblot assay; sensitivity and specificity; seroprevalence; Uganda; United States; West Nile flavivirus; blood; comparative study; evaluation study; hepatitis C; hospital; immunoassay; middle aged; procedures; very elderly; young adult; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Hepatitis C; Hepatitis C Antibodies; Hospitals; Humans; Immunoassay; Male; Middle Aged; Sensitivity and Specificity; Uganda; Young Adult; Hepatitis C virus; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Hepatitis C; Hepatitis C Antibodies; Hospitals; Humans; Immunoassay; Male; Middle Aged; Sensitivity and Specificity; Uganda; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84906899821	Evaluation of alkaloids and cardiac glycosides contents of Ricinus communis linn. (castor) whole plant parts and determination of their biological properties	Ibraheem O., Maimako R.F.	2014	International Journal of Toxicological and Pharmacological Research	6	3	None	Department of Biological Sciences, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, PMB 1001, Kwara State, Nigeria	Ibraheem, O., Department of Biological Sciences, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, PMB 1001, Kwara State, Nigeria; Maimako, R.F., Department of Biological Sciences, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, PMB 1001, Kwara State, Nigeria	Extracts from Ricinus communis L. (Castor) plant have been used from time memorial in traditional medicine for treatment of many ailments. However the bioactive phytochemicals that confer these biological effects are often not ascertained. Using established protocols we isolated, quantified and determined some biological properties of alkaloids and cardiac glycosides present in the various Castor plant parts (leaves, stems, roots, seeds and capsules). Alkaloids and cardiac glycosides were found to be concentrated highest in the leaves and stems extracts at 11.2 % and 63.60 % yields respectively. The alkaloids and cardiac glycosides extracts gave an appreciable antioxidant and antihemolytic activities when compared with ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxyl anisole which are two known antioxidant and antihemolytic compounds, respectively. The highest antioxidant and antihemolytic activities were expressed by leaves alkaloids and capsules cardiac glycosides at 57.61 % and 379.66 %, respectively. Furthermore extracts of these two phytochemicals also decreases the growth and proliferation of pathogenic Klebsiella pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus. Thus Ricinus communis L. (Castor) plant phytochemicals are good source of alternative bioactive compounds which may be used in lieu of synthetic drugs that often comes with numerous side effects when administered.	Antihemolytic; Antimicrobial; Antioxidant; Medicinal plant; Pathogens; Phytochemicals; Traditional medicine	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70350335319	Further evaluation of antihyperglycaemic activity of Hunteria umbellata (K. Schum) Hallier f. seed extract in experimental diabetes	Adeneye A.A., Adeyemi O.O.	2009	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	126	2	10.1016/j.jep.2009.08.037	Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos State, Nigeria	Adeneye, A.A., Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria, Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos State, Nigeria; Adeyemi, O.O., Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos State, Nigeria	Ethnopharmacological relevance: In African traditional medicine, water decoction made from the dry seeds of Hunteria umbellata (K. Schum) Hallier f. is highly valued in the management of diabetes mellitus. Aim: In the present study, the antihyperglycaemic activity of the seed aqueous extract of Hunteria umbellate (K. Schum) Hallier f. (HU) was investigated in alloxan-induced, high fructose- and dexamethasone-induced hyperglycaemic rats. Materials and methods: Alloxan-induced, dexamethasone-induced and high fructose-induced hyperglycaemic rats were treated with single, daily oral administration of 1 mg/kg of glibenclamide, 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg of HU in Groups III, IV, V and VI, for 14 days, 21 days and 8 weeks, respectively. The effects of these drugs on FBG, free plasma insulin levels, HbA1c, serum TG and TC, and insulin resistance indices were investigated. Results: Data generated in the current study showed that glibenclamide and graded oral doses of HU caused significant dose related (p &lt; 0.05, &lt;0.01 and &lt;0.001) reductions in FBG when compared to the values obtained for the model control (Group II) rats. Similarly, daily oral administration of 66.7 g/kg fructose to rats for 8 weeks was associated with significant (p &lt; 0.001) hyperglycaemia, elevations in plasma HbA1c, free insulin, fasting insulin resistance indices, serum TG, and cholesterol. However, concomitant oral treatments with 1 mg/kg of glibenclamide, 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg of HU extract significantly and dose dependently (p &lt; 0.05, &lt;0.01 and &lt;0.001) attenuated development of hyperglycaemia, decreased levels of plasma HbA1c, free insulin, and serum triglyceride and cholesterol, in the Groups III, IV, V and VI rats, respectively, when compared to fructose-induced hyperglycaemic (Group II) rats. Similar effect was also recorded in the dexamethasone-induced hyperglycaemic rats. Conclusion: Results of this study suggest that the hypoglycaemic and antihyperlipidaemic effects of HU are mediated via enhanced peripheral glucose uptake and improvements in hyperinsulinaemia. © 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	Antihyperglycaemia; Antihyperlipidaemia; Experimental diabetes; Fasting insulin indices; Hunteria umbellata (K. Schum) Hallier f.	cholesterol; dexamethasone; fructose; glibenclamide; glucose; hemoglobin A1c; herbaceous agent; Hunteria umbellata extract; insulin; triacylglycerol; unclassified drug; alloxan diabetes mellitus; animal experiment; animal model; Apocynaceae; article; cholesterol blood level; controlled study; dose response; drug dose comparison; glucose blood level; glucose transport; hemoglobin blood level; Hunteria umbellata; hyperglycemia; hyperinsulinemia; insulin blood level; insulin dependent diabetes mellitus; insulin resistance; male; morning dosage; non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus; nonhuman; rat; repeated drug dose; single drug dose; triacylglycerol blood level; Animals; Apocynaceae; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fructose; Glyburide; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated; Hyperglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Male; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Random Allocation; Rats; Seeds; Triglycerides; Hunteria; Hunteria umbellata; Rattus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84919427890	Predicting the effects of blood pressure-lowering treatment on major cardiovascular events for individual patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus results from action in diabetes and vascular disease: Preterax and diamicron mr controlled evaluation	Van Der Leeuw J., Visseren F.L.J., Woodward M., Zoungas S., Kengne A.P., Van Der Graaf Y., Glasziou P., Hamet P., MacMahon S., Poulter N., Grobbee D.E., Chalmers J.	2015	Hypertension	65	1	10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.04421	Department of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, PO Box 85500, Utrecht, GA, Netherlands; Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Netherlands; University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands; George Institute for Global Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; NCRP for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, South African Medical Research Council and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Centre for Research on Evidence Based Practice, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia; Centre Hospitalier de L'Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Canada; University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom	Van Der Leeuw, J., Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Netherlands; Visseren, F.L.J., Department of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, PO Box 85500, Utrecht, GA, Netherlands; Woodward, M., NCRP for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, South African Medical Research Council and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Zoungas, S., Department of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, PO Box 85500, Utrecht, GA, Netherlands; Kengne, A.P., Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Netherlands; Van Der Graaf, Y., University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands; Glasziou, P., George Institute for Global Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Hamet, P., NCRP for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, South African Medical Research Council and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; MacMahon, S., Centre for Research on Evidence Based Practice, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia; Poulter, N., Centre Hospitalier de L'Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Canada; Grobbee, D.E., University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Chalmers, J., Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom	Blood pressure-lowering treatment reduces cardiovascular risk in patients with diabetes mellitus, but the effect varies between individuals. We sought to identify which patients benefit most from such treatment in a large clinical trial in type 2 diabetes mellitus. In Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron MR Controlled Evaluation (ADVANCE) participants (n=11 140), we estimated the individual patient 5-year absolute risk of major adverse cardiovascular events with and without treatment by perindopril-indapamide (4/1.25 mg). The difference between treated and untreated risk is the estimated individual patient's absolute risk reduction (ARR). Predictions were based on a Cox proportional hazards model inclusive of demographic and clinical characteristics together with the observed relative treatment effect. The group-level effect of selectively treating patients with an estimated ARR above a range of decision thresholds was compared with treating everyone or those with a blood pressure <140/90 mm Hg using net benefit analysis. In ADVANCE, there was wide variation in treatment effects across individual patients. According to the algorithm, 43% of patients had a large predicted 5-year ARR of 1% (number-needed-to-treat [NNT5] 100) and 40% had an intermediate predicted ARR of 0.5% to 1% (NNT5=100-200). The proportion of patients with a small ARR of 0.5% (NNT5200) was 17%. Provided that one is prepared to treat at most 200 patients for 5 years to prevent 1 adverse outcome, prediction-based treatment yielded the highest net benefit. In conclusion, a multivariable treatment algorithm can identify those individuals who benefit most from blood pressure-lowering therapy in terms of ARR of major adverse cardiovascular events and may be used to guide treatment decisions in individual patients with diabetes. © 2014 American Heart Association, Inc.	Antihypertensive Agents; Diabetes Mellitus; Individualized Medicine; Medical Decision	acetylsalicylic acid; albumin; antidiabetic agent; cholesterol; creatinine; gliclazide; glucose; hemoglobin A1c; high density lipoprotein cholesterol; hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor; indapamide plus perindopril; insulin; low density lipoprotein cholesterol; placebo; triacylglycerol; antidiabetic agent; antihypertensive agent; drug combination; gliclazide; glucose blood level; indapamide; indapamide, perindopril drug combination; perindopril; adverse outcome; age; aged; algorithm; Article; blood pressure; cardiovascular disease; cardiovascular risk; cholesterol blood level; controlled study; diabetic patient; diastolic blood pressure; diet restriction; disease duration; drug effect; evaluation study; female; gender; glomerulus filtration rate; glucose blood level; hemoglobin blood level; human; hypertension; major clinical study; male; medical history; non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus; prediction; randomized controlled trial; risk reduction; smoking; systolic blood pressure; triacylglycerol blood level; waist circumference; Cardiovascular Diseases; clinical trial; complication; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; drug combination; drug effects; follow up; metabolism; multicenter study; pathophysiology; risk factor; time; treatment outcome; Aged; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gliclazide; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Indapamide; Male; Perindopril; Risk Factors; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84922554546	Performance of coupled enzymatic hydrolysis and membrane separation bioreactor for antihypertensive peptides production from Porphyra yezoensis protein	Qu W., Ma H., Li W., Pan Z., Owusu J., Venkitasamy C.	2015	Process Biochemistry	50	2	10.1016/j.procbio.2014.11.010	School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory for Physical Processing of Agricultural Products, Zhenjiang,Jiangsu, China; Hospitality Department, School of Applied Science and Technology, Koforidua Polytechnic, Koforidua, Ghana; Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California,Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, United States	Qu, W., School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China; Ma, H., School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China, Key Laboratory for Physical Processing of Agricultural Products, Zhenjiang,Jiangsu, China; Li, W., School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China; Pan, Z., School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China, Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California,Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, United States; Owusu, J., School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China, Hospitality Department, School of Applied Science and Technology, Koforidua Polytechnic, Koforidua, Ghana; Venkitasamy, C., Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California,Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, United States	To develop more efficient methods for production of antihypertensive peptides from Porphyra yezoensis protein, a coupled enzymatic hydrolysis and membrane separation (CEH-MS) reactor system was studied and compared with the traditional enzymatic hydrolysis (EH) and offline membrane separation (MS) method. The CEH-MS reactor was operated in three modes: batch, continuous with water feeding, and continuous with substrate feeding. The operational factors of the CEH-MS reactor had significant effect on the protein conversion degree and their optimum values were found as enzyme concentration of 0.24 g/L, temperature of 50 °C, pH of 9.0, time of 60 min, pump speed of 300 rpm, and substrate concentration of 4.0 g/L. Compared to the traditional method, the protein conversion degree, yield of peptides, output of peptides per unit of enzyme, and antihypertensive activity of peptides for the batch operation of CEH-MS reactor were increased by 43.6%, 43.6%, 7.7%, and 3.9%, respectively. For the continuous operation with water feeding, these data were increased by 62.7%, 62.7%, 22.1%, and 4.4%, respectively. The output of peptides was increased by 216.9% for the continuous operation with substrate feeding. In general, the CEH-MS reactor was found to be more efficient than the traditional process in terms of high utilization rate of raw material and yield of peptides. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Antihypertensive peptides; Enzymatic hydrolysis; Kinetic; Membrane bioreactor; Porphyra yezoensis	Biological water treatment; Bioreactors; Coupled circuits; Enzyme activity; Enzymes; Feeding; Hydrolysis; Kinetics; Peptides; Proteins; Separation; Anti-hypertensive activities; Antihypertensive peptides; Continuous operation; Enzyme concentrations; Membrane bioreactor; Membrane separation bioreactor; Porphyra yezoensis; Substrate concentrations; Enzymatic hydrolysis; Porphyra yezoensis	31301423, NSFC, National Natural Science Foundation of China; 31471698, NSFC, National Natural Science Foundation of China
Scopus	2-s2.0-84887870833	Costs of current antihypertensive therapy in Switzerland: An economic evaluation of 3,489 patients in primary care	Schäfer H.H., Scheunert U.	2013	Swiss Medical Weekly	143	None	10.4414/smw.2013.13854	Graduate School of Business, University of Cape Town, EMBA 14, South Africa; Faculty of Business and Economics, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany	Schäfer, H.H., Graduate School of Business, University of Cape Town, EMBA 14, South Africa; Scheunert, U., Faculty of Business and Economics, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany	QUESTION UNDER STUDY: Due to greater life expectancy, costs of medication have increased within the last decade. This investigation assesses health care expenditures needed to manage the current state of blood pressure (BP) control in Switzerland. Objectives: a) average day therapy costs (DTC) of substances, b) actual DTC of currently prescribed antihypertensive therapy, c) monetary differences of treatment regimens within different BP-groups and different high risk patients, d) estimated compliance-related financial loss/annum and adjusted costs/annum. Single-pill-combinations appear to be useful to increase patient's compliance, to reduce side effects and to bring more patients to their blood pressure goal. METHODS: Costs were identified based on data from the Swiss department of health. We calculated DTC for each patient using prices of the largest available tablet box. RESULTS: The average antihypertensive therapy in Switzerland currently costs CHF 1.198 ± 0.732 per day. On average beta blockers were the cheapest substances, followed by angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ARBs), calcium channel blockers and diuretics. The widest price ranges were observed within the class of ARBs. Most expensive were patients with impaired renal function. Throughout all stages, single-pill-combinations appeared to be significantly cheaper than dual-free-combinations. Stage-II-hypertension yielded the highest costs for dual free combination drug use. The actual costs for all patients observed in this analysis added up to CHF 1,525,962. Based on a compliance model, only treatment amounting to CHF 921,353 is expected to be actually taken. CONCLUSION: A disproportionately high healthcare cost is expected due to compliance reasons. The prescription of monotherapies appears to be a major cost factor, thus, the use of single-pill-combination therapy can be considered as a suitable approach to saving costs throughout all BP-stages.	Antihypertensive therapy; Compliance; Costs; Hypertension; Switzerland	amlodipine; antihypertensive agent; atenolol; carvedilol; chlortalidone; diltiazem; enalapril; felodipine; furosemide; hydrochlorothiazide; lisinopril; losartan; nifedipine; torasemide; angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; beta adrenergic receptor blocking agent; calcium channel blocking agent; dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase inhibitor; diuretic agent; adult; aged; antihypertensive therapy; article; blood pressure regulation; drug cost; economic evaluation; female; health care cost; high risk patient; human; hypertension; major clinical study; male; medication compliance; monotherapy; primary medical care; sex difference; Switzerland; drug combination; drug cost; economics; hypertension; middle aged; primary health care; statistics; very elderly; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Antihypertensive Agents; Calcium Channel Blockers; Diuretics; Drug Combinations; Drug Costs; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Medication Adherence; Middle Aged; Primary Health Care; Switzerland	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33750294417	Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory and membrane-stabilizing effects of Eupatorium odoratum	Umukoro S., Ashorobi R.B.	2006	International Journal of Pharmacology	2	5	10.3923/ijp.2006.509.512	Department of Pharmacology and Therauptics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria	Umukoro, S., Department of Pharmacology and Therauptics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Ashorobi, R.B., Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria	The anti-inflammatory and membrane-stabilizing effects of an aqueous leaf extract of Eupatorium odoratum was investigated in this study. The effect of the extract on acute inflammation was studied in carrageenin-treated rats. The anti-inflammatory activity of E. odoratum was further assessed in rats subjected to sub-chronic inflammatory conditions induced by formaldehyde. The membrane-stabilizing property of the extract was studied using its ability to reduce the levels of haemolysis of rat Red Blood Cells (RBC) exposed to hypotonic solution. The results of the study showed that the extract (100-400 mg kg-1, p.o) possess anti -inflammatory property, as it significantly reduced oedema formation induced by the phlogistic agents in rats. At a concentration range of 1.0-2.0 mg kg-1, the extract offered significant protection of RBC against the haemolytic effect of hypotonic solution, an indication of membrane-stabilizing activity. It appears that the membrane-stabilizing effect exhibited by Eupatorium odoratum might be playing a significant role in its anti-inflammatory activity. © 2006 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Anti-imflammatory; Eupatorium odoratum; Membrane-stabilizing; Property	acetylsalicylic acid; carrageenan; eupatorium odoratum extract; formaldehyde; hypotonic solution; plant extract; sodium chloride; unclassified drug; animal experiment; animal model; antiinflammatory activity; aqueous solution; article; Asteraceae; cell protection; chronic inflammation; concentration response; controlled study; drug dose regimen; drug synthesis; edema; erythrocyte; eupatorium odoratum; female; hemolysis; male; membrane stabilization; nonhuman; plant leaf; rat	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84889102303	Evaluation of the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effect of Caralluma dalzielii	Ugwah-Oguejiofor C.J., Abubakar K., Ugwah M.O., Njan A.A.	2013	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	150	3	10.1016/j.jep.2013.09.049	Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B. 2346 Sokoto, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacology, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B. 2346 Sokoto, Nigeria	Ugwah-Oguejiofor, C.J., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B. 2346 Sokoto, Nigeria; Abubakar, K., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B. 2346 Sokoto, Nigeria; Ugwah, M.O., Department of Pharmacology, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B. 2346 Sokoto, Nigeria; Njan, A.A., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B. 2346 Sokoto, Nigeria	Ethnopharmacological relevance Caralluma dalzielii has been used for treating several ailments including convulsion, leprosy, snake bites, otitis (ear pain), fungal diseases and rheumatoid arthritis in Northern Nigeria. However there is no scientific evidence to support its use in literature. To evaluate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of the aqueous extract of Caralluma dalzielii in animal models. Materials and methods The antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties were assessed using acetic acid induced writhing test in mice, sub plantar formalin induced nociception, the tail-flick test and formalin induced oedema in rats. Three doses of the extract (25, 50, 100 mg/kg) were used for the assessment. Results Caralluma dalzielii extract demonstrated strong dose-dependent antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities in all the models employed. All doses (25, 50, 100 mg/kg) produced a significant percentage inhibition (41.77, 77.11, and 90.76% in the early phase and 52.02, 85.35, 93.93% in the late phase) in the acetic acid writhing test and (42.85, 55.71, 86.43% in the early phase and 23.26, 37.98, 72.87 in the late phase) in the formalin induced nociception test, respectively. The tail-flick test showed a significant increase in the antinociceptive effect of the extract in both early and late phases when compared with the control. The inhibition of oedema in the formalin test was significant when compared to the control. Conclusion The results indicated that Caralluma dalzielii showed excellent antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties suggesting that its traditional use in the treatment of pains and inflammatory diseases may be valid. © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.	Anti-inflammation; Antinociception; Caralluma dalzielii; Medicinal plant; Phytochemistry	acetic acid; antiinflammatory agent; antinociceptive agent; Caralluma dalzielii extract; formaldehyde; piroxicam; unclassified drug; animal experiment; animal model; antiinflammatory activity; antinociception; Apocynaceae; aqueous solution; article; Caralluma dalzielii; controlled study; male; mouse; nociception; nonhuman; paw edema; reaction time; tail flick test; writhing test; Animalia; Caralluma; Mus; Rattus; Anti-inflammation; Antinociception; Caralluma dalzielii; Medicinal plant; Phytochemistry; Acetic Acid; Analgesics; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Asclepiadaceae; Formaldehyde; Hot Temperature; Male; Mice; Pain; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Rats, Wistar	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953457644	Phytochemical and anti inflammatory evaluation of Khaya grandifoliola stem bark extract	Falodun A., Poh C.F., Adelusi S.A., Emmanuel O.	2009	International Journal of PharmTech Research	1	4	None	Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacology, College of Health Sciences, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Yenagoa, Nigeria	Falodun, A., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Poh, C.F., Department of Pharmacology, College of Health Sciences, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Yenagoa, Nigeria; Adelusi, S.A., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Emmanuel, O., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	The ethnomedicinal application of Khaya grandifoliola stem bark in Africa as remedy against rheumatoid arthritis is attracting attention in view of the global focus on herbal medicine as alternatives to orthodox drugs. And this necessitated this study.The methanolic extract of the plant was subjected to phytochemical screening testing for alkaloids, tannins, saponins and flavonoids as secondary metabolites. Anti inflammatory activity of the methanolic extract was examined using carrageenan, and serotonin -induced, paw oedema and xylene induced ear oedema. The methanolic extract significantly inhibited the carrageenan-induced paw oedema from the first hour to the fifth hour at a dose of 200mg/kg while a dose of 500 mg/kg significantly inhibited the carrageenan-induce paw oedema after 3 hours of carrageenan challenge. Whereas in the serotonin induced paw oedema test, the extract significantly reduces the paw oedema at the 120th minute at the dose of 200 mg/kg and at 90th minute at the dose of 500 mg/kg. For the xylene induced oedema there was a 28.6 % inhibition at 200 mg/kg and 57.1% at 500 mg/kg. The result of the study revealed that the methanolic extract of K.grandifoliola was active at different doses tested. This gives justification to the use of the plant as anti inflammatory medicinal plant.	Anti inflammatory activity; Carrageenan-induced paw moedema; Khaya grandifoliola; Phytochemical analysis	alkaloid; carrageenan; dexamethasone; indometacin; Khaya grandifoliola extract; methanol; plant extract; saponin; serotonin; tannin; unclassified drug; xylene; Africa; animal experiment; animal model; antiinflammatory activity; article; bark; controlled study; drug dose comparison; Khaya grandifoliola; medicinal plant; nonhuman; otitis; paw edema; phytochemistry; plant stem; rat; time; traditional medicine; treatment outcome	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84857601717	Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel isopropyl 2- thiazolopyrimidine-6-carboxylate derivatives	Kotaiah Y., Hari Krishna N., Naga Raju K., Rao C.V., Jonnalagadda S.B., Maddila S.	2012	Journal of the Korean Chemical Society	56	1	None	Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati-517502, India; School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa	Kotaiah, Y., Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati-517502, India; Hari Krishna, N., Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati-517502, India; Naga Raju, K., Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati-517502, India; Rao, C.V., Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati-517502, India; Jonnalagadda, S.B., Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati-517502, India; Maddila, S., School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa	In the present study, we have synthesized novel Isopropyl 2-(4-substitutedbenzylidene)-5-methyl-3-oxo-7-phenyl-3,7-dihydro-2H-thiazolo[3, 2-a]-pyrimidine-6-carboxylate derivatives (6a-j). Elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR and mass spectral data elucidated structure of newly synthesized compounds. The newly synthesized compounds were screened for antiinflammatory and anti microbial studies. Their biological activity data of the 10 compounds indicates that two compounds posses potent anti-inflammatory and five have antimicrobial activities.	Anti-inflammatory; Antibacterial; Antifungal activities; Isopropyl 2-thiazolopyrimidine-6-carboxylate	Anti-fungal activity; Anti-inflammatories; Anti-microbial; Anti-microbial activity; Antibacterial; Biological evaluation; Isopropyl 2-thiazolopyrimidine-6-carboxylate; Mass spectral data; Chemical engineering; Chemistry; Carboxylation	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879437002	Evaluation of anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antioxidant properties of ethanolic extracts of Citrus sinensis peel and leaves	Omodamiro O.D., Umekwe C.J.	2013	Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research	5	5	None	Department of Biochemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria	Omodamiro, O.D., Department of Biochemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria; Umekwe, C.J., Department of Biochemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria	The objectives of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties of ethanolic extracts of Citrus sinensis peels and leaves. Free radical scavenging activity was evaluated by using nitric oxide inhibition and anti-lipid peroxidation models. Both peels and leaves extracts produced a dose-dependent inhibition in vitro. Highest inhibition was seen in the extracts of highest concentration 65.7% for peels and 57.4% for leaves in nitric oxide (NO) scavenging assay, 66.5% and 54.7% for peels and leaves extract respectively in antilipid peroxidation assay. Leaves extract also exhibited anti-inflammatory property at different time intervals that was dose-dependent. Extracts of both peels and leaves showed moderate antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Results clearly indicate that free radical scavenging, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties of ethanolic extracts of Citrus sinensis are comparable to ascorbic acid, ciprofloxacin and aspirin used as standards respectively.	Anti-inflammatory; Antibacterial; Antioxidant; Citrus sinensis; Ethanolic extract; Leaves; Peel; Zone of inhibition	Anti-inflammatories; Antibacterial; Citrus sinensis; Ethanolic extracts; Leaves; Peel; Zone of inhibitions; Antioxidants; Bacteria; Escherichia coli; Organic acids; Nitric oxide; acetylsalicylic acid; alcohol; antiinflammatory agent; ascorbic acid; ciprofloxacin; citrus sinensis extract; nitric oxide; plant extract; scavenger; unclassified drug; animal experiment; animal tissue; antibacterial activity; antiinflammatory activity; antioxidant activity; article; concentration response; controlled study; disk diffusion; drug determination; Escherichia coli; female; lipid peroxidation; male; minimum inhibitory concentration; nonhuman; phytochemistry; plant leaf; Proteus mirabilis; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; rat; Staphylococcus aureus; Streptococcus pneumoniae; sweet orange	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-57949084196	In vitro pharmacological evaluation of three Barleria species	Amoo S.O., Finnie J.F., Van Staden J.	2009	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	121	2	10.1016/j.jep.2008.10.035	Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa	Amoo, S.O., Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa; Finnie, J.F., Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa; Van Staden, J., Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa	Ethnopharmacological relevance: Various parts of Barleria prionitis L. (Acanthaceae) are used in traditional medicine to treat infection-related ailments. A comparison of their activities and knowledge of their mechanisms of action are important for drug development and conservation. Aims of the study: This study investigated the antibacterial effects and underlying mechanisms of action of the anti-inflammatory activities of different parts of three Barleria species of South African origin. Materials and methods: Crude extracts of different parts of three Barleria species were investigated in vitro for their biological activity. Antibacterial activity was evaluated using the micro-dilution assay against two Gram-positive and two Gram-negative bacteria. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using the cyclooxygenase COX-1 and COX-2 assays. Results: All the extracts showed broad-spectrum antibacterial activity with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 0.059 to 6.25 mg/ml. Twelve out of 21 crude extracts evaluated showed good activity (>70%) in the COX-1 assay while 10 extracts showed good activity in the COX-2 assay. All the petroleum ether extracts (except B. prionitis stem) exhibited good inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis in COX-1. Conclusion: The results demonstrated the therapeutic potential of these plants as antibacterial and anti-inflammatory agents. Their anti-inflammatory properties are mediated by the inhibition of the cyclooxygenase enzymes. © 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	Anti-inflammatory; Antibacterial; Barleria species; COX-1; COX-2	Barleria albostellata extract; Barleria greenii extract; Barleria prionitis extract; cyclooxygenase 1; cyclooxygenase 2; petroleum ether; plant extract; unclassified drug; Acanthaceae; antibacterial activity; antiinflammatory activity; article; controlled study; dilution; drug activity; enzyme inhibition; Gram negative bacterium; Gram positive bacterium; in vitro study; minimum inhibitory concentration; nonhuman; plant leaf; plant root; plant stem; prostaglandin synthesis inhibition; South Africa; species difference; traditional medicine; Acanthaceae; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Cyclooxygenase 1; Cyclooxygenase 2; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Medicine, African Traditional; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Plant Extracts; Prostaglandins; South Africa; Acanthaceae; Barleria; Barleria prionitis; Negibacteria; Posibacteria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956045269	Evaluation of aqueous extract of Felicia muricata leaves for anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, and antipyretic activities	Tom Ashafa A.O., Yakubu M.T., Grierson D.S., Afolayan A.J.	2010	Pharmaceutical Biology	48	9	10.3109/13880200903373664	Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa	Tom Ashafa, A.O., Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa; Yakubu, M.T., Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa; Grierson, D.S., Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa; Afolayan, A.J., Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa	Context: Felicia muricata Thunb. (Nees) (Asteraceae) leaves are used in folklore medicine of South Africa as an oral remedy for pain and inflammation. However, the efficacy of the plant part is yet to be validated with scientific experiments. Objective: The current study is an effort to investigate the anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, and antipyretic activities of aqueous extract of F. muricata leaves. Materials and methods: The phytochemical screening of aqueous extract of Felicia muricata leaves and the efficacy of the extract at the doses of 50, 100, and 200mg/kg body weight was investigated in experimental animals using several models of inflammation (paw edema induced by carrageenan and egg albumin), nociception (acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin-induced pain and tail immersion), and fever (brewer's yeast-induced hyperthermia). Results: The extract contained alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and phenolics. The extract dose-dependently reduced (P <0.05) the number of writhes and stretches induced by acetic acid, number of licks induced by formalin, paw volumes induced by carrageenan and egg albumin. The reaction time by the tail of the extract-treated animals to the hot water also increased. The extract also reduced hyperthermia induced by brewer's yeast. The highest dose (200mg/kg body weight of the extract) produced the best result in all cases. Discussion and conclusion: This study revealed that the aqueous extract of Felicia muricata leaves possessed anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and antipyretic activities. These findings have therefore supported the use of aqueous extract of Felicia muricata leaves in the traditional medicine of South Africa as an oral remedy for pains, inflammation, and fever. © 2010 Informa Healthcare USA, Inc.	Anti-inflammatory; Anti-nociception; Antipyretic; Asteraceae; Brewer's yeast; Felicia muricata	alkaloid; Felicia muricata extract; flavonoid; indometacin; morphine; phenol derivative; plant extract; saponin; tannin derivative; unclassified drug; water; animal experiment; antiinflammatory activity; antinociception; antipyretic activity; article; Asteraceae; chemical composition; controlled study; dose response; drug efficacy; drug response; Felicia muricata; fever; hyperthermia; inflammation; male; nonhuman; pain; paw edema; plant leaf; rat; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antipyretics; Asteraceae; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Discovery; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Edema; Fever; Male; Medicine, African Traditional; Mice; Pain Measurement; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Time Factors; Animalia; Asteraceae; Felicia muricata; Saccharomyces cerevisiae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84909943797	Evaluation of antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of standardised rootbark extract of Xeromphis nilotica	Adzu B., Amizan M.B., Okhale S.E.	2014	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	None	PART A	10.1016/j.jep.2014.10.030	Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD), Abuja, Nigeria; Directorate of Pharmaceutical Services, Ministry of Health, Damaturu, Yobe State, Nigeria; Department of Medicinal Plant Res	Adzu, B., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD), Abuja, Nigeria, Laboratório de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, Brazil; Amizan, M.B., Directorate of Pharmaceutical Services, Ministry of Health, Damaturu, Yobe State, Nigeria; Okhale, S.E., Department of Medicinal Plant Research and Traditional Medicine, NIPRD, Abuja, Nigeria	Ethnopharmacological relevance Xeromphis nilotica (Stapf) Keay (Rubiaceae), popularly known as 'barbaji' (in Nigeria), is a lowland shrub that grows wild in tropical areas of Africa and Asia. The plants extract is used for the treatment of various diseases in folk medicine including pain related ailments. Important bioactive constituents have been isolated from the plant among them are coumarin, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and terpenes. This study is aimed to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory efficacy of standardised aqueous extract of the plant using in vivo models of pain and inflammation in mice and rats.Materials and methods Aqueous extract of Xeromphis nilotica root bark was prepared and standardised using HPLC technique. Three dose levels (25, 100 and 400 mg/kg) of the extract were used, administered orally to laboratory mice and rats. Acetylsalicylic acid (100 mg/kg, p.o.) was used as the positive control. Nociception was induced in laboratory rodents: chemically using acetic acid and formalin, and mechanically using analgesy meter; while inflammation was induced using fresh raw egg albumin.Results The extract showed 11 constituents peak profiles in the HPLC analysis. The extract alleviates mice response to acetic acid-induced writhing, analgesy-meter and formalin tests. It significantly decreased the oedema induced by egg albumin induced inflammation, but failed to show significant effect beyond 80 min of the test.Conclusion The extract has antinociceptive effect and short acting anti-inflammatory activities. The results justify its usage in the treatment of pain and inflammatory conditions, and also provided evidence of its potential as source of new pain relief drug prototype. © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	Anti-inflammatory; Antinociceptive; Aqueous extract; Xeromphis nilotica	acetic acid; acetylsalicylic acid; analgesic agent; antiinflammatory agent; formaldehyde; ovalbumin; plant extract; unclassified drug; Xeromphis nilotica extract; analgesic agent; antiinflammatory agent; plant extract; analgesic activity; animal experiment; animal model; antiinflammatory activity; Article; controlled study; drug efficacy; drug screening; experimental mouse; experimental rat; female; high performance liquid chromatography; in vivo study; inflammation; male; mouse; nociception; nonhuman; pain; rat; animal; bark; chemistry; Liliaceae; Wistar rat; Analgesics; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Female; Liliaceae; Male; Mice; Plant Bark; Plant Extracts; Rats; Rats, Wistar	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84938251681	Evaluation of the analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, phytochemical and toxicological properties of the methanolic leaf extract of commercially processed Moringa oleifera in some laboratory animals	Adedapo A.A., Falayi O.O., Oyagbemi A.A.	2015	Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology	26	5	10.1515/jbcpp-2014-0105	Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Adedapo, A.A., Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Falayi, O.O., Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Oyagbemi, A.A., Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Background: Moringa oleifera Lam (Moringaceae) is a highly valued plant, distributed in many countries of the tropics and subtropics. It has an impressive range of medicinal uses with high nutritional value. Methods: The commercially processed M. oleifera was extracted using methanol as its solvent. Phytochemical analysis as well as the anti-oxidant properties of this supplement were also investigated. Acute toxicity was carried out in fasted mice. Carrageenan and histamine tests were used to assess anti-inflammatory effects in rats, while analgesic activities were assessed using the acetic acid-induced writhing test and formalin-induced paw lick test in mice. In the anti-oxidant tests, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, ferrous reducing activity power, 2,21-azinobis-(3-ethylbenthialozine)-6-sulphonic acid and total polyphenolic (TPP) assays were deployed at concentrations of 10 mg/mL and 20 mg/mL. Results: The phytochemical analysis showed that the extract contained flavonoids, terpenoids, glycosides, tannins and saponins. In the acetic acid-induced writhing test, the extract significantly reduced the number of writhes at 100 and 200 mg/kg but not so much at 50 mg/kg. In the formalin-induced paw lick test, the effect was similar to that of the acetic writhing test. The analgesic effects were comparable to that of indomethacin used at 10 mg/kg. In the anti-inflammatory test, the extract reduced the formation of oedema especially at a dose of 200 mg/kg. In the anti-oxidant test, the extract was found to possess a free radical-scavenging property and is concentration related. Conclusions: The use of this extract for medicinal and nutritional purposes may have thus been justified; however, caution must be exercised in its use to prevent the toxic effect. © 2015 by De Gruyter 2015.	anti-inflammatory; anti-oxidant; antinociceptive; mice; Moringa oleifera; phytochemical; rats; toxicology	cardiac glycoside; flavonoid; glycoside; indometacin; Moringa oleifera extract; saponin; tannin derivative; acute toxicity; analgesic activity; animal experiment; animal model; antiinflammatory activity; antioxidant activity; Article; carrageenan-induced paw edema; controlled study; female; foot edema; lethargy; Moringa oleifera; mouse; nonhuman; nutritional value; phytochemistry; rat; writhing test	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84871821616	Phospholipon 90G Based SLMs loaded with ibuprofen: An oral antiinflammatory and gastrointestinal sparing evaluation in rats	Audu M.M., Achile P.A., Amaechi A.A.	2012	Pakistan Journal of Zoology	44	6	None	Drug Delivery Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria	Audu, M.M., Drug Delivery Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; Achile, P.A., Drug Delivery Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; Amaechi, A.A., Drug Delivery Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria	To formulate and evaluate solid lipid microparticles (SLMs) intended for oral administration of ibuprofen. Ibuprofen-loaded solid lipid microparticles (SLMs) were prepared using hot emulsification method. Characterizations based on particles size and morphology, particles surface charges and stability and encapsulation efficiency (EE%) were carried out on the SLMs. In vitro release of Ibuprofen was performed in phosphate buffer while in vivo anti-inflammatory activity and GI sparing effect were carried out in rats. Maximum encapsulation efficiency (EE%) of 89±0.2, 84±0.1, and 93±0.4 for A1-A3, while 81±0.0, 84±0.3 and 94±0.1 were obtained for B1-B3, respectively. Stable, spherical and smooth SLMs of size range 21.1±0.2 μm to 34.2±1.4 μm were produced. The release of ibuprofen in phosphate buffer varied widely with the lipid contents. Moreover, significant (p<0.05) anti-inflammatory activity of 65.9, 55.9 and 85.2 % for A1-A3 and 51.3, 65.1, 72.1% for B1-B3 within 6 h respectively were observed. Maximum gastrointestinal (GI) protection of 98, 94, 72 and 71% were observed in batch A3, B3, A1and B1 as compared to 62, 69 and 10 % observed in A2, B2 and the conventional tablet. Thus, SLMsbased on P90G and Beeswax would likely offer a reliable means of delivering ibuprofen orally and prevent GI side effect. Copyright © 2012 Zoological Society of Pakistan.	Anti-inflammatory; Ibuprofen; SLMS; SRMS	drug; lipid; morphology; particle size; particulate matter; phosphate; rodent; stabilization; Rattus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79954567431	In vitro evaluation of antileishmanial activity and toxicity of essential oils of Artemisia absinthium and Echinops kebericho	Tariku Y., Hymete A., Hailu A., Rohloff J.	2011	Chemistry and Biodiversity	8	4	10.1002/cbdv.201000331	Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 9086, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Plant Biocentre, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7491 Trondheim, Norway	Tariku, Y., Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia; Hymete, A., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Hailu, A., Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 9086, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Rohloff, J., Plant Biocentre, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7491 Trondheim, Norway	Potential toxicity, costs, and drug-resistant pathogens necessitate the development of new antileishmanial agents. Medicinal and aromatic plants constitute a major source of natural organic compounds. In this study, essential oils of Artemisia absinthium L. and Echinops kebericho Mesfin were investigated by GC and GC/MS analyses. Isolated oils were screened for antileishmanial activity against two Leishmania strains (L. aethiopica and L. donovani), and toxicity on the human monocytic leukemia (THP-1) cell line and red blood cells in vitro. GC/MS Analysis revealed 65 compounds (93.74%) for Artemisia absinthium and 43 compounds (92.85%) for Echinops kebericho oil. The oils contained the oxygenated monoterpene camphor (27.40%) and the sesquiterpene lactone dehydrocostus lactone (41.83%) as major constituents, respectively. Both oils showed activity against promastigote (MIC 0.0097-0.1565 μl/ml) and axenic amastigote forms (EC50 0.24-42.00 nl/ml) of both leishmania species. Weak hemolytic effect was observed for both oils, showing a slightly decreased selectivity index (SI 0.8-19.2) against the THP-1 cell line. Among the two oils tested, E. kebericho exerted strong antileishmanial activity that was even higher than that of amphotericin B with significant cytotoxicity. This study, therefore, demonstrated the potential use of both oils as source of novel agents for the treatment of leishmaniasis. Copyright © 2011 Verlag Helvetica Chimica Acta AG, Zürich.	Antileishmanial activity; Artemisia absinthium; Echinops kebericho; Essential oils	antileishmanial agent; Artemisia absinthium extract; camphor; Echinops kebericho extract; essential oil; sesquiterpene lactone derivative; terpene derivative; unclassified drug; antiprotozoal activity; Artemisia absinthium; article; Asteraceae; cytotoxicity; Echinops kebericho; erythrocyte; hemolysis; human; human cell; in vitro study; Leishmania donovani; mass fragmentography; monocytic leukemia; nonhuman; promastigote; Antiprotozoal Agents; Artemisia absinthium; Cell Line; Cell Survival; Echinops Plant; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Hemolysis; Humans; Leishmania; Leishmaniasis; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Oils, Volatile; Artemisia absinthium; Dryobalanops; Leishmania aethiopica; Leishmania donovani	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930622585	Toxicological evaluations of Stigma maydis (corn silk) aqueous extract on hematological and lipid parameters in Wistar rats	Saheed S., Oladipipo A.E., Abdulazeez A.A., Olarewaju S.A., Ismaila N.O., Emmanuel I.A., Fatimah Q.D., Aisha A.Y.	2015	Toxicology Reports	2	None	10.1016/j.toxrep.2015.04.001	Phytomedicine, Food Factors and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Kwara State University, P.M.B. 1530, Ilorin, Nigeria; Medical Laboratory Sciences Unit, Department of Biosciences and Biotechno	Saheed, S., Phytomedicine, Food Factors and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Kwara State University, P.M.B. 1530, Ilorin, Nigeria, Phytomedicine and Phytopharmacology Research Group, Department of Biochemical, Microbial and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Oladipipo, A.E., Phytomedicine, Food Factors and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Kwara State University, P.M.B. 1530, Ilorin, Nigeria; Abdulazeez, A.A., Medical Laboratory Sciences Unit, Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Kwara State University, P.M.B. 1530, Ilorin, Nigeria; Olarewaju, S.A., Phytomedicine, Food Factors and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Kwara State University, P.M.B. 1530, Ilorin, Nigeria; Ismaila, N.O., Phytomedicine, Food Factors and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Kwara State University, P.M.B. 1530, Ilorin, Nigeria; Emmanuel, I.A., Phytomedicine, Food Factors and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Kwara State University, P.M.B. 1530, Ilorin, Nigeria; Fatimah, Q.D., Phytomedicine, Food Factors and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Kwara State University, P.M.B. 1530, Ilorin, Nigeria; Aisha, A.Y., Phytomedicine, Food Factors and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Kwara State University, P.M.B. 1530, Ilorin, Nigeria	Despite the acclaimed phytotherapeutic attributes of Stigma maydis in folkloric medicine, there is paucity of information on its toxicity profile on hematological and lipid parameters. The toxicological effect of aqueous extract of corn silk at 100, 200 and 400. mg/kg body weight on hematological indices in Wistar rats were evaluated progressively at 24. h after 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Lipid parameters were also analyzed at the end of the experimental period. We observed that the extract did not exhibit any significant (p>. 0.05) effect on red blood cells, hematocrit, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and mean platelet volume at all the tested doses. The study however showed a significant increase in the serum levels of white blood cell, platelet, lymphocytes, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; as well as feeding pattern in the animals, while the concentrations of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and artherogenic index value were significantly lowered. These findings are suggestive of non-hematotoxic potential of the extract. Overall, the effect exhibited by corn silk extract in this study proved that, it is unlikely to be hematotoxic and could be a good candidature in the management of coronary heart diseases if consumed at the doses investigated. © 2015 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.	Anti-lipidemic; Hematotoxic; Lymphocyte; Metabolic; Phytotherapeutic; Thrombopoiesis	low density lipoprotein cholesterol; plant extract; Stigma maydis extract; unclassified drug; animal experiment; Article; biochemical analysis; cholesterol blood level; controlled study; drug isolation; erythropoiesis; fluid intake; hematological parameters; lipid blood level; lymphocyte; nonhuman; rat; thrombocyte count; toxicology	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884549824	Turks and Caicos Islands climate and its impacts	Jury M.R.	2013	Earth Interactions	17	18	10.1175/2012ei000490.1	Physics Department, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico; University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa	Jury, M.R., Physics Department, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa	The Turks and Caicos Islands (TCI) climate is described using mesoscale ocean and atmosphere datasets with a focus on thermodynamic versus kinematic controls, the influence of the nearby island of Hispaniola, and factors affecting early colonization and fluctuations of marine resources. The key findings include the following: trade winds accelerate to 7 m s21 north of Hispaniola and enhance anticyclonic subsidence; there is a dry-south/wet-north pattern of rainfall that opposes surface temperature and salinity fields; ocean currents near TCI are northwestward but there is a counterclockwise gyre near Haiti that guided colonization; conch catch increases when trade winds strengthen and SST declines; TCI's dry climate limits groundwater resources, food production, and population density; and Caicos Island sheds a wind wake that boosts SST and local convection, as evident in Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT) observations and operational model products. Further studies of small island climates will benefit from an ever-increasing stream of mesoscale datasets. © 2013.	Antilles climate; Caicos Island wind wake; Impacts on resources; Marine environment	Antilles; Impacts on resources; Kinematic control; Marine environment; Operational model; Population densities; Quick scatterometer (QuikSCAT); Surface temperatures; Atmospheric temperature; Commerce; Groundwater; Marine biology; Ocean currents; Population statistics; Wakes; Climate models; anticyclone; atmospheric dynamics; climate effect; climatology; island; kinematics; mesoscale meteorology; QuikSCAT; rainfall; sea surface temperature; thermodynamics; trade wind; wake; Turks and Caicos Islands	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70449365116	Biochemical evaluation of hepatotoxicity in mice due to administration of artemether	Adekunle A.S., Agbedana E.O., Egbewale B.E.	2009	Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry	91	4	10.1080/02772240802445522	Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Faculty of Basic Medica	Adekunle, A.S., Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Agbedana, E.O., Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Egbewale, B.E., Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Community Medicine, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria	Effects of artemether administration on liver and selected biochemical parameters were evaluated. Eighty albino mice were divided into four equal groups. Group 1 was given water which served as control, while groups 2, 3, and 4 were given 1.2, 2.4, or 4.8 mg kg-1 body weight artemether intramuscularly for five consecutive days. On day 6 all mice were sacrificed by cervical dislocation and blood was collected for analysis of alanine and aspartate transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, copper, and total proteins. Liver tissues were prepared for histological studies. It was found that the serum alanine and aspartate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase activities were higher in groups treated with artemether compared to control. The serum concentrations of copper and total proteins were lower than control. The histological features of liver tissues after administration of artemether showed histopathological alterations. These findings showed that artemether administration may have reversible adverse effects on mouse hepatocytes. © 2009 Taylor &amp; Francis.	Antimalaria; Artemether; Biochemical parameters; Hepatotoxicity; Malaria; Mice	Antimalaria; Artemether; Biochemical parameters; Hepatotoxicity; Malaria; Mice; Body fluids; Histology; Proteins; Liver; biochemical composition; blood; cytology; drug; enzyme; histology; histopathology; malaria; rodent; toxicity test; Mus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84894241877	Formulation of novel artesunate-loaded solid lipid microparticles (SLMs) based on dika wax matrices: In vitro and in vivo evaluation	Chinaeke E.E., Chime S.A., Kenechukwu F.C., Müller-Goymann C.C., Attama A.A., Okore V.C.	2014	Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology	24	1	None	Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Industrial Pharmacy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Technische Universität Ca	Chinaeke, E.E., Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; Chime, S.A., Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Industrial Pharmacy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; Kenechukwu, F.C., Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; Müller-Goymann, C.C., Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Technische Universität Carolo-Wilhelmina zu Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstrasse 1, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; Attama, A.A., Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; Okore, V.C., Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria	The aims of the work were to formulate artesunate-loaded solid lipid microparticles (SLMs) based on dika wax matrices and to study the in vitro and in vivo properties. Lipid matrices consisting of mixtures of Phospholipon 90G (P90G) and dika wax were formulated and characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), small angle X-ray diffraction (SAXD) and wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD). The SLMs were prepared by melt-homogenization. Time-dependent particle size analysis, pH studies, encapsulation efficiency (EE%), in vitro drug release and anti-malarial properties were studied. Results show that SAXD diffractograms showed strong reflection at 2θ = 2.48°, d = 356 Å. Particle size of SLMs increased with time (from 1 to 90 days). The SLMs exhibited maximum EE% of 80.6% and had good sustained release properties. In vivo studies showed that the SLMs had significant (p < 0.05) reduction in parasitaemia level compared with reference tablet. Artesunate-loaded SLMs could be used orally for the treatment of malaria.	Anti-malaria; Artesunate; Characterisation; P90G-modified dika wax; SLMs	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84868148971	Evaluation of antimalarial potential of aqueous stem bark extract of bombax buonopozense P. Beauv. (Bombacaceae)	Iwuanyanwu T.C., Akuodor G.C., Essien A.D., Nwinyi F.C., Akpan J.L., Okorafor D.O., Osunkwo U.A.	2011	Eastern Journal of Medicine	17	2	None	Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD), P.M.B 21 Garki, Abuja, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Abakaliki, Nigeria; Departme	Iwuanyanwu, T.C., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD), P.M.B 21 Garki, Abuja, Nigeria; Akuodor, G.C., Department of Pharmacology, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Abakaliki, Nigeria; Essien, A.D., Department of Pharmacology, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Abakaliki, Nigeria; Nwinyi, F.C., Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria; Akpan, J.L., Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria; Okorafor, D.O., Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Abakaliki, Nigeria; Osunkwo, U.A., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD), P.M.B 21 Garki, Abuja, Nigeria	The treatment of malaria in Africa is becoming increasingly difficult due to rising prevalence of plasmodium falciparum resistant to antimalarial drugs. This study was undertaken to investigate the in vivo antiplasmodial effect of the aqueous stem bark extract of Bombax buonopozense in mice infected with chloroquinesensitive plasmodium berghei NK65. The in vivo antiplasmodial effect against early infection and curative effect against established infection were studied. The extract at all doses (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) used, exhibited significant (P<0.05), dose-dependent activity against the parasite in suppressive and curative tests. These results show that the stem bark extract of Bombax buonopozense plant has significant antiplasmodial effect. The reduction in parasitemia levels in the two employed models suggest that a part of its antimalarial activity is mediated by direct plasmocidal effect on the parasite.	Antimalaria; Bombax buonopozense; Medicinal plant; Mice; Plasmodium berghei	antimalarial agent; Bombax buonopozense extract; chloroquine; plant extract; unclassified drug; animal experiment; animal model; antimalarial activity; antimalarial drug susceptibility; article; bark; Bombax; Bombax buonopozense; controlled study; dose response; drug effect; drug efficacy; female; male; medicinal plant; mouse; nonhuman; outcome assessment; phytochemistry; plant stem; Plasmodium berghei; Plasmodium berghei infection	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-68149156899	Evaluation of in vivo antimalarial activities of ethanolic leaf and seed extracts of telfairia occidentalis	Okokon J.E., Ekpo A.J., Eseyin O.A.	2009	Journal of Medicinal Food	12	3	10.1089/jmf.2008.0099	Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Phar	Okokon, J.E., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria; Ekpo, A.J., Department of Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria; Eseyin, O.A., Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria	The leaves and seeds of Telfairia occidentalis are used as vegetables in making soups in Southern Nigeria. In this study, we investigated the antimalarial activity of leaf and seed extracts in vivo in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei berghei during early and established infections. T. occidentalis leaf extract (250-750mg/kg/day) exhibited antiplasmodial activity both in the 4-day early infection test and in established infection with a marked increase of the mean survival time, which, however, remained lower than that achieved with the standard drug, chloroquine (5mg/kg/day). The seed extract (450-1,350mg/kg/day) also demonstrated a promising blood schizontocidal activity in early and established infections. This plant possesses significant antiplasmodial activities, which may be exploited in the control of malaria. © Copyright 2009, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition.	Antimalarial activity; Antiplasmodial activity; Telfairia occidentalis	chloroquine; plant extract; Telfairia occidentalis extract; unclassified drug; animal experiment; animal model; antimalarial activity; article; controlled study; female; malaria; malaria control; male; medicinal plant; mouse; nonhuman; plant leaf; plant seed; Plasmodium berghei; priority journal; Telfairia occidentalis; Animals; Antimalarials; Chloroquine; Cucurbitaceae; Female; Malaria; Male; Mice; Nigeria; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Plasmodium berghei; Seeds; Mus; Plasmodium berghei; Telfairia occidentalis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84875486166	Evaluation of anti-plasmodium berghei activity of crude and column fractions of extracts from withania somnifera	Dame Z.T., Petros B., Mekonnen Y.	2013	Turkish Journal of Biology	37	2	10.3906/biy-1203-62	Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Science, Ambo University, P. O. Box 19, Ambo, Ethiopia; Department of Biology, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Dame, Z.T., Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Science, Ambo University, P. O. Box 19, Ambo, Ethiopia; Petros, B., Department of Biology, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Mekonnen, Y., Department of Biology, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Different crude methanolic and chloroform extracts of Withania somnifera leaves, and column fractions of the methanolic extract, were tested in vivo for antimalarial activity on Swiss albino male mice. Each mouse in the study was infected intraperitoneally with 0.2 mL of blood containing 106-107 infected erythrocytes taken from mice previously infected with chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium berghei. The extracts were given to the infected mice intraperitoneally starting from 3 h following inoculation. Antimalarial activity was evaluated by taking blood smears on day 4. The results revealed that column fractions of methanolic extract obtained from leaves of Withania somnifera showed significantly improved suppression of parasitemia at lower doses compared to the crude extracts. Reduction of parasitemia by 44% and 57% was observed at doses of 200 and 300 mg/kg body weight, respectively, by column fractions of methanolic crude extract. © TÜBİTAK.	Antimalarial activity; In vivo; Plasmodium berghei; Withania somnifera	Mus; Plasmodium berghei; Withania somnifera	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84919947877	Synthesis of functionalized 3-, 5-, 6- and 8-aminoquinolines via intermediate (3-pyrrolin-1-yl)- and (2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)quinolines and evaluation of their antiplasmodial and antifungal activity	Vandekerckhove S., Van Herreweghe S., Willems J., Danneels B., Desmet T., De Kock C., Smith P.J., Chibale K., D'Hooghe M.	2015	European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry	92	None	10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.12.020	SynBioC Research Group, Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, Belgium; Centre for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, Belgium; Division of Pharmacology, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa	Vandekerckhove, S., SynBioC Research Group, Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, Belgium; Van Herreweghe, S., SynBioC Research Group, Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, Belgium; Willems, J., SynBioC Research Group, Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, Belgium; Danneels, B., Centre for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, Belgium; Desmet, T., Centre for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, Belgium; De Kock, C., Division of Pharmacology, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, South Africa; Smith, P.J., Division of Pharmacology, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, South Africa; Chibale, K., South African Medical Research Council Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa; D'Hooghe, M., SynBioC Research Group, Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, Belgium	(3-Pyrrolin-1-yl)- and (2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)quinolines were prepared via cyclization of diallylaminoquinolines and 4-chloro-N-quinolinylbutanamides, respectively, as novel synthetic intermediates en route to N-functionalized 3-, 5-, 6- and 8-aminoquinolines with potential biological activity. (3-Pyrrolin-1-yl)quinolines were subjected to bromination reactions, and the reactivity of (2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)quinolines toward lithium aluminum hydride and methyllithium was assessed, providing an entry into a broad range of novel functionalized (pyrrolidin-1-yl)- and (hydroxyalkylamino)quinolines. Antiplasmodial evaluation of these novel quinolines and their functionalized derivatives revealed moderate micromolar potency against a chloroquine-sensitive strain of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, and the two most potent compounds also showed micromolar activity against a chloroquine-resistant strain of P. falciparum. Antifungal assessment of (hydroxyalkylamino)quinolines revealed three compounds with promising MIC values against Rhodotorula bogoriensis and one compound with potent activity against Aspergillus flavus. © 2014 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.	Antimalarial agents; Antimicrobial agents; Pyrrolidine derivatives; Quinolines	2 methyl 3 (2 methylpyrrolidin 1 yl)quinoline; 3 (2 methylpyrrolidin 1 yl)quinoline; 3 (pyrrolidin 1 yl)quinoline; 4 (quinolin 3 ylamino)butanol; 4 (quinolin 5 ylamino)butanol; 4 (quinolin 6 ylamino)butanol; 4 (quinolin 8 ylamino)butanol; 5 (2 methylpyrrolidin 1 yl)quinoline; 5 (2 methylquinolin 3 ylamino) 2 methylpentan 2 ol; 5 (2 methylquinolin 3 ylamino)pentan 2 ol; 5 (pyrrolidin 1 yl)quinoline; 5 (quinolin 3 ylamino)pentan 2 one; 5 (quinolin 5 ylamino) 2 methylpentan 2 ol; 5 (quinolin 5 ylamino)pentan 2 ol; 5 (quinolin 5 ylamino)pentan 2 one; 5 (quinolin 6 ylamino) 2 methylpentan 2 ol; 5 (quinolin 6 ylamino)pentan 2 ol; 5 (quinolin 6 ylamino)pentan 2 one; 5 (quinolin 8 ylamino) 2 methylpentan 2 ol; 6 (2 methylpyrrolidin 1 yl)quinoline; 6 (pyrrolidin 1 yl)quinoline; 8 (2 oxopyrrolidin 1 yl)quinoline; aminoquinoline derivative; amphotericin B; antifungal agent; antimalarial agent; artesunate; chloroquine; emetine; unclassified drug; unindexed drug; aminoquinoline derivative; antifungal agent; antimalarial agent; antifungal activity; antimalarial activity; Article; Aspergillus flavus; bromination; Candida albicans; controlled study; derivatization; drug design; drug potency; drug screening; drug synthesis; IC50; minimum inhibitory concentration; nonhuman; Plasmodium falciparum; Rhodotorula; Rhodotorula bogoriensis; structure activity relation; substitution reaction; chemistry; dose response; drug effects; drug sensitivity; synthesis; Aminoquinolines; Antifungal Agents; Antimalarials; Aspergillus flavus; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Parasitic Sensitivity Tests; Plasmodium falciparum; Rhodotorula; Structure-Activity Relationship	None
None	None	Evaluation of the potential of the marine sponges of the Zanzibar Island to yield antimalarial and antimicrobial active compounds	Said S.A., Moshi M.J., Nondo R.S.O., Masimba P.J., Innocent E., Guantai A.N.	2010	Tanzania Journal of Health Research	12	3	None	Institute of Marine Sciences, P.O.Box 668, Zanzibar, Tanzania; Institute of Traditional Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O.Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, P.O.Box 19676 - KNH, Nairobi, Kenya	Said, S.A., Institute of Marine Sciences, P.O.Box 668, Zanzibar, Tanzania; Moshi, M.J., Institute of Traditional Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O.Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Nondo, R.S.O., Institute of Traditional Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O.Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Masimba, P.J., Institute of Traditional Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O.Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Innocent, E., Institute of Traditional Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O.Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Guantai, A.N., School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, P.O.Box 19676 - KNH, Nairobi, Kenya	Emergence of new and re-emergence of old infections continue to elude prospects of reducing morbidity and mortality caused by microbial infections. Trends of resistance to currently in use antimicrobials and antimalarials threaten to increase mortality caused by these infections. This study explores the potential of marine invertebrates as a source for new antimicrobials and antimalarials. The lactate dehydrogenase method was used to assay marine sponges for activity against Plasmodium falciparum, while the disc diffusion method was used to assay the extracts for antibacterial and antifungal activity. Extracts of some marine sponges from the Zanzibar Island exhibited both antiplasmodial and antimicrobial activities. Among the 55 marine sponge extracts that were tested 23 (41.8%) inhibited Plasmodium falciparum W2 strain by more than 50% at both 250 and 50 μg/ml concentrations. Moderate polar extracts were more active against Plasmodium falciparum W2 strain than polar and non-polar extracts. None of the 12 extracts that were tested on Plasmodium falciparum strain D6 exhibited inhibitory activity reaching 50%. Among 18 marine sponge extracts that were tested for antimicrobial activity 12 (66.7%) showed activity against one or more of the bacteria and fungi used ranging from weak to strong on an arbitrary criterion. The ethyl acetate extracts of Agelas mauritania and Oceanopia sp. exhibited high activity against the fungi Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans. The best antibacterial profile was exhibited by ethyl acetate extracts of Aplysinopsis sp., Halichondrida sp. 1 and Oceanopia sp. In conclusion, these results support the need for intensified efforts to search for active antimalarial and antimicrobial compounds from the Zanzibar marine sponges.	Antimalarial; Antimicrobial activity; Marine sponges; Zanzibar	acetic acid ethyl ester; Agelas mauritania extract; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; antimalarial agent; Aplysinopsis extract; clotrimazole; gentamicin; Halichondrida extract; lactate dehydrogenase; marine sponge extract; natural product; Oceanopia extract; unclassified drug; Agelas; Agelas mauritania; antibacterial activity; antifungal activity; Aplysinopsis; article; Candida albicans; concentration response; controlled study; Cryptococcus neoformans; disk diffusion; drug determination; Halichondrida; human; human cell; invertebrate; marine species; nonhuman; Oceanopia; Plasmodium falciparum; sponge (Porifera); Tanzania	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33745747755	Evaluation of in vivo antiplasmodial activity of Aspilia africana	Okokon J.E., Nwidu L.L., Essiet G.A.	2006	International Journal of Pharmacology	2	3	10.3923/ijp.2006.348.351	Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacology	Okokon, J.E., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria; Nwidu, L.L., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria; Essiet, G.A., Department of Pharmacology, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria	The antiplasmodial activity of ethanol leaf extract of Aspilia africana was evaluated in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei berghei during early and established infections. Aspilia africana extract (100-300 mg kg-1 day-1) exhibited a significant (p&lt;0.05) blood schizonticidal activity both in 4 day early infection and in established infection. The extract produced a significant (p&lt;0.05) chemosuppression in both early and established infections tests though lower than that produced by chloroquine, 5 mg kg-1 day-1. Also, significant mean survival time was recorded in extract treated groups compared to the control group during established infection. The leaf extract posseses a promising antiplasmodial activity which can be exploited in malaria therapy. © 2006 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Antimalarial; Antiplasmodial; Aspilia africana; Plasmodium berghei; Schizonticidal	antimalarial agent; Aspilia africana extract; chloroquine; plant extract; unclassified drug; acute toxicity; animal experiment; animal model; antimalarial activity; article; Aspilia; controlled study; dose response; drug efficacy; drug synthesis; experimental infection; female; herbal medicine; in vivo study; LD 50; malaria; male; medicinal plant; mouse; nonhuman; Plasmodium berghei; survival time; toxicity testing	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84946018968	Evaluation of In-vivo antimalarial activity of methanol leaf extract of Glyphaea brevis in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice	Anjuwon T.M., Ibrahim S., Nok A.J.	2015	Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research	14	10	10.4314/tjpr.v14i10.14	Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Anjuwon, T.M., Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Ibrahim, S., Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Nok, A.J., Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Purpose: To evaluate the in-vivo antimalarial activity of the methanol extract of the leaves of Glyphaea brevis in Plasmodium berghei infected mice. Methods: The phytochemical profile of ethylacetate, n-butanol, and residual aqueous fractions of the methanol extract of G. brevis were determined using standard procedures. Mice, weighing between 15 - 30 g, were used for this study. Plasmodium berghei infected blood (0.2 ml) was used to infect each of 55 mice (5 in 11 groups) intraperitoneally. Animals in the infected groups were treated orally with varying doses (200, 300 and 400 mg/kg body weight) of the ethylacetate, n-butanol and residual aqueous fractions daily, using artemisinin (5 mg/kg body weight per day) as standard drug, over a period of four days. The non-infected (normal control, n = 5) received distilled water (0.2 ml) while the infected control group (n = 5) was administered 0.2 ml normal saline. The suppressive antiplasmodial properties of the fractions as well as the serum concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were determined. Results: Alkaloids, carbohydrates, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, steroids and triterpenes were present in the extract fractions. The suppressive antiplasmodial activity of n-butanol, residual aqueous portion and ethylacetate fractions was 76.64, 73.25 and 72.99 %, respectively, while that of artemisinin was 86.13 %. The serum concentrations of AST, ALT, and ALP in the infected control group were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those of the treated malaria-infected groups treated with the three fractions. Conclusion: Glyphaea brevis possesses significant antiplasmodial properties and could be a source of lead molecules for the development of new antimalarial agents. © Pharmacotherapy Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, 300001 Nigeria. All rights reserved.	Antimalarial; Artemisinin; Glyphaea brevis; Plasmodium berghei	acetic acid ethyl ester; alanine aminotransferase; alkaline phosphatase; alkaloid; artemisinin; aspartate aminotransferase; butanol; carbohydrate; cardiac glycoside; flavonoid; Glyphaea brevis extract; methanol; plant extract; saponin; steroid; tannin; triterpene; unclassified drug; animal model; antimalarial activity; Article; blood analysis; controlled study; female; hematocrit; liver function; male; mouse; nonhuman; phytochemistry; plant leaf; Plasmodium berghei infection; toxicity testing	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84866115019	Haematological evaluations of the antimalarial activity of Bridelia ferruginea benth bark	Kolawole O.M., Adebayo J.O., Oguntoye S.O., Okoh A.I., Mazomba N.	2012	Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology	6	2	None	Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, Facu	Kolawole, O.M., Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, South Africa; Adebayo, J.O., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Oguntoye, S.O., Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Okoh, A.I., Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, South Africa; Mazomba, N., Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, South Africa	We investigated the antimalarial activity of the methanolic extract of Bridelia ferruginea benth bark at 400 mg/kg body weights in mice (Mus musculus) infected with chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium berghei using the rane test. There was decreased in packed cell volume, RBC and Hb in infected groups from day zero to 14 with a corresponding increase in RBC of the uninfected -extract treated group (p<0.05). The infected - untreated showed continual decreased from day zero to 14 (p<0.05) compared to the infected - treated groups and the uninfected - untreated (control) group. However, decreased in MCHC was recorded by day 14 for the infected - untreated animals. WBC and lymphocytes indices revealed that there was no significant difference in all the groups by day zero, however by day 14, there was significant increased in the WBC and lymphocytes for infected - treated groups compared to all other groups (p<0.05). In the platelets count, by day 14 there was significant decreased in the infected - untreated group compared to others (p<0.05). Also, there was no significant difference in the neutrophils for the infected - extract treated, infected - chloroquine treated, control, and uninfected - extract treated groups (p<0.05). The haematological indices further substantiates the promising antimalarial activity of the bark extract.	Antimalarial; Bridelia ferruginea; Haematological indices; Methanolic extract	Bridelia ferruginea extract; chloroquine; hemoglobin; methanol; animal experiment; animal model; antimalarial activity; article; bark; bridelia ferruginea; controlled study; drug effect; erythrocyte count; hematocrit; leukocyte count; lymphocyte count; medicinal plant; mouse; neutrophil count; nonhuman; Plasmodium berghei infection; Animalia; Bridelia ferruginea; Mus; Mus musculus; Plasmodium berghei	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-45749147106	Toxicological evaluation of the anti-malarial herb Cryptolepis sanguinolenta in rodents	Ansah C., Mfoafo E.A., Woode E., Opoku-Okrah C., Owiredu W.K.B.A., Duwiejua M.	2008	Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology	3	5	10.3923/jpt.2008.335.343	Department of Pharmacology, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Department of Laboratory Technology, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	Ansah, C., Department of Pharmacology, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Mfoafo, E.A., Department of Pharmacology, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Woode, E., Department of Pharmacology, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Opoku-Okrah, C., Department of Laboratory Technology, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Owiredu, W.K.B.A., Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Duwiejua, M., Department of Pharmacology, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	In this study, we evaluated the aqueous extract of the roots of Cryptolepis sanguinolenta (Periplocaceae), an anti-malarial herb in the West African sub-region for possible toxicity in rodents. Administration of cryptolepis (10-1000 mg kg-1) daily for two weeks did not cause significant changes in most of the haematological parameters assessed. However, the MCV reduced from a vehicle-treated value of 63.1±0.6 to 58.1±09 g dL-1 at a dose of 10 zng kr-1, which reflected in an increased MCHC (27.8±0.3 to 30.5±0.3 g dL-1), since the Hb concentration remained unchanged. Serum transaminase levels did not change significantly suggesting a limited effect on the liver. Administration of the extract (50-1000 mg kg-1, p.o.) 30 min before pentobarbitone (50 mg kg-1, i.p.) caused a dose-dependent prolongation of the rat sleeping time from 66.6±8.1 min (vehicle-treated control) to 266.5±7. 0 min (1000 mg kg-1). Similarly, daily treatment with the extract (50-1000 mg kg-1) for 2 weeks prolonged the sleeping time from 155±28.4 to 292.8:±28.7 min. This effect appeared to be CNS-related rather than an enzymatic as reflected in a decreased locomotor activity (1 9.4±1.5 to 1.84.8 min-1) at a dose of 500 mg kg-1 body weight. All together, our results suggest that Cryptolepis could synergize with hypno-sedatives or other CNS depressants and therefore caution needs to be taken in the concomitant administration of Cryptolepis and other CNS depressants. © 2008 Academic Journals Inc.	Antimalarial; CNS depressant; Cryptolepis sanguinolenta; Haematological parameters; Rodents; Sleeping time	alanine aminotransferase; albumin; alkaline phosphatase; aminotransferase; antimalarial agent; aspartate aminotransferase; bilirubin; carbon monoxide; central depressant agent; Cryptolepis sanguinolenta extract; cytochrome P450; gamma glutamyltransferase; globulin; hemoglobin; hypnotic sedative agent; ketoconazole; pentobarbital; plant extract; alanine aminotransferase blood level; albumin blood level; alkaline phosphatase blood level; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; aqueous solution; article; aspartate aminotransferase blood level; bilirubin blood level; binding assay; central nervous system; controlled study; Cryptolepis; cryptolepis sanguinolenta; dose response; drug dose comparison; drug potentiation; drug solution; gamma glutamyl transferase blood level; hematological parameters; herbal medicine; kidney mass; liver toxicity; liver weight; locomotion; mean corpuscular hemoglobin; mean corpuscular volume; mouse; nonhuman; organ weight; plant root; protein blood level; rat; sleep time; spleen weight; stomach; toxicity testing	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930745983	Evaluation of malaria treatment practice of health extension workers (Community health workers): A qualitative study conducted in Damot Gale district, southern Ethiopia	Gidebo K.D., Mavundla T.R.	2015	Indian Journal of Community Health	27	1	None	School of Public Health, College of Health sciences and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, P.O. Box 138, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia; Department of Health Studies, University of South Africa, UNISA, P.O. Box 392, Pretoria, South Africa	Gidebo, K.D., School of Public Health, College of Health sciences and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, P.O. Box 138, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia; Mavundla, T.R., Department of Health Studies, University of South Africa, UNISA, P.O. Box 392, Pretoria, South Africa	Background: The Ethiopian government introduced the Health Extension Program which is a community-based health care delivery system aimed at accessing essential health services such as malaria diagnosis and treatment through health extension workers (HEWs). Involvement of HEWs in prescribing and dispensing antimalarial drugs improved community access to antimalarial drugs. However, the HEWs compliance to malaria treatment guidelines was not evaluated. Aims and Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the HEWs malaria treatment practice based on malaria treatment guidelines. Material and Methods: In-depth interview to 20 HEWs, seven focus discussion with malaria treated patients, and 400 malaria patients medical records review were conducted. Results: The majority of HEWs correctly responded how to diagnose malaria patients using signs and symptoms, and rapid diagnostic test (RDT). Most of malaria-treated patients indicated that they prefer HEWs to other health workers for malaria treatment. Patient record data from patient registration books indicated that about 92% (368) of patients received appropriate drugs in appropriate dose and duration. But some patients (8%, 32) were prescribed with drugs not in line with the guideline. The two main reasons indicated by the HEWs for inappropriate prescription are: the shortage of chloroquine, and patient pressure to take coartem. About 8% (32) and 11% (44) of patients do not know the consequences of not completing antimalarial drugs and what to do after vomiting respectively. Conclusion: The most of HEWs adequately treat malaria patients and the communication with patients is adequate. Improving resource availability, patient education and in-service training are needed to improve malaria treatment practice of the HEWs. © 2015, Indian Association of Preventive and Social Medicine. All rights reserved.	Antimalarial drugs; Community health workers; Community support; Ethiopia; Guidelines; Health extension program; Health extension workers; Malaria	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84888154310	Urea/oxalamide tethered β-lactam-7-chloroquinoline conjugates: Synthesis and in vitro antimalarial evaluation	Singh P., Raj R., Singh P., Gut J., Rosenthal P.J., Kumar V.	2014	European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry	71	None	10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.10.079	Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; Department of Chemistry, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States	Singh, P., Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; Raj, R., Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; Singh, P., Department of Chemistry, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa; Gut, J., Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; Rosenthal, P.J., Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; Kumar, V., Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India	The manuscript pertains to the synthesis of urea/oxalamide tethered β-lactam-7-chloroquinoline conjugates with well modulated chain lengths and their antimalarial evaluation. The results reveal the dependence of activity profiles on the N-1 substituent of the β-lactam ring, the nature of the linker as well as the length of the alkyl chain. The most potent of the tested compounds showed an IC50 of 34.97 nM against chloroquine resistant W2 strain of Plasmodium falciparum. © 2013 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.	Antimalarial evaluation; beta;-Lactam-7-chloroquinoline conjugates; Structure-activity relationship; Urea/oxalamide linker	(1 cyclohexyl 2 oxo 4 styryl azetidin 3 yl) carbamic acid ethyl ester; (2 oxo 4 styryl 1 p tolyl azetidin 3 yl) carbamic acid ethyl ester; 1 [2 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) ethyl] 3 (1 cyclohexyl 2 oxo 4 styryl azetidin 3 yl) urea; 1 [2 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) ethyl] 3 (2 oxo 4 styryl 1 p tolyl azetidin 3 yl) urea; 1 [3 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) propyl] 3 (1 cyclohexyl 2 oxo 4 styryl azetidin 3 yl) urea; 1 [3 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) propyl] 3 (2 oxo 4 styryl 1 p tolyl azetidin 3 yl) urea; 1 [4 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) butyl] 3 (1 cyclohexyl 2 oxo 4 styryl azetidin 3 yl) urea; 1 [4 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) butyl] 3 (2 oxo 4 styryl 1 p tolyl azetidin 3 yl) urea; 1 [6 ( 7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) hexyl] 3 (2 oxo 4 styryl 1 p tolyl azetidin 3 yl) urea; 1 [6 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) hexyl] 3 (1 cyclohexyl 2 oxo 4 styryl azetidin 3 yl) urea; artemisinin; bleomycin; chloroquine; deethylamodiaquine; doxorubicin; n (1 cyclohexyl 2 oxo 4 styryl azetidin 3 yl) oxalamic acid ethyl ester; n (2 oxo 4 styryl 1 p tolyl azetidin 3 yl) oxalamic acid ethyl ester; n [1 (4 chloro phenyl) 2 oxo 4 styryl azetidin 3 yl] n' [4 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) butyl] oxalamide; n [1 (4 chloro phenyl) 2 oxo 4 styryl azetidin 3 yl] oxalamic acid ethyl ester; n [2 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) ethyl] n' (1 cyclohexyl 2 oxo 4 styryl azetidin 3 yl oxalamide; n [2 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) ethyl] n' (2 oxo 4 styryl 1 p tolyl azetidin 3 yl) oxalamide; n [3 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) propyl] n' (1 cyclohexyl 2 oxo 4-styry azetidin 3 oxalimide; n [4 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) butyl] n' (1 cyclohexyl 2 oxo 4 styryl azetiidn 3 oxalamide; n [6 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) hexyl] n' (1 cyclohexyl 2 oxo 4 styryl azetidin 3 oxalamide; n[1 (4 chloro phenyl) 2 oxo 4 styryl azetidin 3 yl] n' [6 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) hexyl] oxalamide; n[3 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) propyl] n' (2 oxo 4 styryl 1 p tolyl azetidin 3 yl) oxalamide; quinine; quinoline derivative; unclassified drug; urea derivative; (1 cyclohexyl 2 oxo 4 styryl azetidin 3 yl) carbamic acid ethyl ester; (2 oxo 4) styryl 1 4 tolyl azetidin 3 yl) carbamic acid ethyl ester; 1 [2 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) ethyl] 3 (1 cyclohexyl 2 oxo 4 styryl azetidin 3 yl) urea; 1 [2 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) ethyl] 3 (2 oxo 4 styryl 1 4 azetidin 3 yl) urea; 1 [3 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) propyl] 3 (1 cyclohexyl 2 oxo 4 styryl azetidin 3 yl) urea; 1 [3 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) propyl] 3 (2 oxo 4 styryl 1 4 azetidin 3 yl) urea; 1 [4 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) butyl] 3 (1 cyclohexyl 2 oxo 4 styryl azetidin 3 yl) urea; 1 [4 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) butyl] 3 (2 oxo 4 styryl 1 4 azetidin 3 yl) urea; 1 [6 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) hexyl] 3 (1 cyclohexyl 2 oxo 4 styryl azetidin 3 yl) urea; 1 [6 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) hexyl] 3 (2 oxo 4 styryl 1 4 azetidin 3 yl) urea; antimalarial agent; artemisinin; beta lactam 7 chloroquinoline derivative; chloroquine; deethylamodiaquine; n (1 cyclohexyl 2 oxo 4 styryl azetidin 3 yl) oxalamic acid ethyl ester; n (2 oxo 4 styryl 1 4 tolyl azetidin 3 yl) oxalamic acid ethyl ester; n [1 (4 chloro phenyl) 2 oxo 4 styryl azetidin 3 yl] n' [4 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) butyl] oxalamide; n [1 (4 chloro phenyl) 2 oxo 4 styryl azetidin 3 yl] n' [6 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) hexyl] oxalamide; n [1 (4 chloro phenyl) 2 oxo 4 styryl azetidin 3 yl] oxalamic acid ethyl ester; n [2 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) ethyl] n' (1 cyclohexyl 2 oxo 4 styryl azetidin 3 yl) oxalamide; n [2 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) ethyl] n' (2 oxo 4 styryl 1 4 tolyl azetidin 3 yl) oxalamide; n [3 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) propyl] n' (1 cyclohexyl 2 oxo 4 styryl azetidin 3 yl) oxalamide; n [3 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) propyl] n' (2 oxo 4 styryl 1 4 tolyl azetidin 3 yl) oxalamide; n [4 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) butyl] n' (1 cyclohexyl 2 oxo 4 styryl azetidin 3 yl) oxalamide; n [6 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) hexyl] n' (1 cyclohexyl 2 oxo 4 styryl azetidin 3 yl) oxalamide; oxalamide; quinine; urea; antimalarial activity; article; controlled study; drug conjugation; drug synthesis; human; human cell; IC 50; in vitro study; melting point; Plasmodium falciparum; proton nuclear magnetic resonance; thin layer chromatography; antimalarial drug resistance; Article; cytotoxicity; female; HeLa cell line; hydrogen bond; IC50; nonhuman; Antimalarial evaluation; Structure-activity relationship; Urea/oxalamide linker; β-Lactam-7-chloroquinoline conjugates; Antimalarials; beta-Lactams; Chloroquine; Humans; Malaria, Falciparum; Oxamic Acid; Plasmodium falciparum; Structure-Activity Relationship; Urea	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879915075	Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel thiosemicarbazone-triazole hybrid compounds as antimalarial agents	Kinfe H.H., Belay Y.H.	2013	South African Journal of Chemistry	66	None	None	Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa	Kinfe, H.H., Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa; Belay, Y.H., Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa	Anovel series of thiosemicarbazone-triazole hybrids were efficiently synthesized and evaluated for their activity against the 3D7 strain of the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum. Although the hybrids were found not to be as potent as the standard chloroquine, they have shown activities interesting enough to warrant future structure activity relationship (SAR) studies.	Antimalarial; Hybrid; Thiosemicarbazone; Triazole	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84886526533	The impact of rapid malaria diagnostic tests upon anti-malarial sales in community pharmacies in Gwagwalada, Nigeria	Ikwuobe J.O., Faragher B.E., Alawode G., Lalloo D.G.	2013	Malaria Journal	12	1	10.1186/1475-2875-12-380	Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Partnership for Transforming Health Systems (PATH), Abuja, Nigeria	Ikwuobe, J.O., Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Faragher, B.E., Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Alawode, G., Partnership for Transforming Health Systems (PATH), Abuja, Nigeria; Lalloo, D.G., Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom	Background: Rapid diagnostics tests for malaria (RDT) have become established as a practical solution to the challenges of parasitological confirmation of malaria before treatment in the public sector. However, little is known of their impact in private health sector facilities, such as pharmacies and drug shops. This study aimed to assess the incidence of malaria among unwell patients seeking anti-malarial treatment in two community pharmacies in Nigeria and measure the impact RDTs have on anti-malarial sales. Methods. This was a comparison study of two pharmacies located in the suburbs of Gwagwalada, in the Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria, between May and July 2012. In the intervention arm, patients seeking to purchase anti-malarials had an RDT performed before treatment while the control pharmacy continued normal routine practice. Results: A total of 1,226 participants were enrolled into the study. The incidence of malaria in the intervention arm (n = 619) was 13.6% and adolescent participants had a statistically significant higher incidence (26.0%) compared to adults (11.9%) (P = 0.001). A history of fever in the last 48 hours was associated with a statistically significant higher incidence of malaria (28.3%) (P < 0.001). Having a RDT test reduced the chance of purchasing an anti-malarial by 42% (95% CI: 38%-46%) compared to not having a test. 51.6% (276) of the study participants with a RDT negative result still purchased anti-malarials, especially if anti-malarials had been recommended by a health professional (58.9%) compared to self-referral (44.2%) (P = 0.001). Patients with RDT negative results were also more likely to purchase an anti-malarial if there was a reported malaria positive laboratory test prior to presentation (66.2%; P = 0.007), a history of fever in the last 48 hours (60.5%; P = 0.027), and primary school education or less (69.4%; P = 0.009). After adjusting for age group and gender differences, having at least a secondary school education reduced the chance of buying an anti-malarial (OR 0.504 (95% CI: 0.256-0.993)) compared to having primary education or lower. Conclusion: The study highlights the enormous potential for improving appropriate prescription of anti-malarials in pharmacies and preventing unnecessary use of artemisinin combination therapy (ACT). © 2013 Ikwuobe et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Anti-malarial; Malaria; Pharmacy; Rapid diagnostic test (RDT)	amodiaquine plus artesunate; antimalarial agent; artemether plus benflumetol; artemisinin; artesunate; artesunate plus sulfadoxine plus pyrimethamine; chloroquine; dihydroartemisinin plus piperaquine; pyrimethamine plus sulfadoxine; quinine; unclassified drug; adolescent; adult; aged; article; child; clinical practice; comparative study; disease duration; drug marketing; educational status; female; fever; health practitioner; high school; human; laboratory test; major clinical study; malaria; malaria control; malaria rapid test; male; Nigeria; pharmacy; physician self-referral; Plasmodium falciparum; prescription; primary school; purchasing; school child; sensitivity and specificity; sex difference; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antimalarials; Child; Commerce; Diagnostic Tests, Routine; Drug Utilization; Female; Humans; Incidence; Malaria; Male; Middle Aged; Nigeria; Pharmacies; Suburban Population; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-83555163782	Ethnobotanical study of antimalarial plants in Shinile District, Somali Region, Ethiopia, and in vivo evaluation of selected ones against Plasmodium berghei	Mesfin A., Giday M., Animut A., Teklehaymanot T.	2012	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	139	1	10.1016/j.jep.2011.11.006	Department of Life Sciences, Dire Dawa University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia; Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Mesfin, A., Department of Life Sciences, Dire Dawa University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia; Giday, M., Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Animut, A., Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Teklehaymanot, T., Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Ethnopharmacological relevance: The study documented medicinal plants that are traditionally used for treatment of malaria in Shinile District, eastern Ethiopia, and evaluated selected medicinal plants for their antiplasmodial activities against Plasmodium berghei. Materials and methods: The study was conducted in four kebeles of Shinile District, Somali Region, Ethiopia. A total of 15 traditional healers were sampled based on recommendations of local elders and administrators. Specimens of the reported antimalarial plants were collected and stored at the Mini Herbarium of the Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, following identification. Crude aqueous and ethanol extracts of Aloe sp.; Azadirachta indica and Tamarindus indica were tested in vivo against Plasmodium berghei. The three plants were selected based on the frequency antimalarial use report by healers. Results: The study revealed 27 antimalarial plants, the majority of which were harvested from the wild. Root was the most frequently sought plant part. Most of the remedies were used in decoction form. Aloe sp.; Azadirachta indica and Tamarindus indica were the most commonly reported plants for their antimalarial use. For the in vivo test, all the plant extracts were given to mice orally. Ethanol and aqueous leaf extracts of Aloe sp. caused 73.94% and 58.10% parasitaemia suppression, respectively at dose of 650 mg/kg. Ethanol extract of Azadirachta indica leaves induced 54.79% parasitaemia suppression at the dose of 650 mg/kg and its water extract induced 21.47% parasite suppression at a similar dose. Water extract of the fruits of Tamarindus indica showed the highest parasitaemia suppression (81.09%) at the dose of 650 mg/kg. Most Plasmodium berghei infected mice treated with high dose of plant extracts survived relatively longer compared to their respective controls although the difference was not significant. Conclusions: The result of this study may support the traditional use of Aloe sp.; Azadirachta indica and Tamarindus indica in the study area against malaria. Results of this study can be used as a basis for further phytochemical and pharmacological investigations in the effort for search of new and locally affordable antimalarial agents. © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	Antimalarial plants; Ethiopia; Ethnobotanical study; Plasmodium berghei; Shinile	alcohol; Aloe vera extract; antimalarial agent; Azadirachta indica extract; plant extract; Tamarindus indica extract; unclassified drug; water; adult; aged; Aloe; animal experiment; animal model; antimalarial activity; article; Azadirachta indica; controlled study; drug screening; Ethiopia; ethnobotany; female; fruit; harvest; human; male; medicinal plant; mouse; nonhuman; normal human; parasitemia; plant leaf; plant root; Plasmodium berghei; Plasmodium berghei infection; survival; tamarind; traditional medicine; Aloe; Animals; Antimalarials; Azadirachta; Ethnobotany; Fruit; Malaria; Male; Medicine, African Traditional; Mice; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Plants, Medicinal; Plasmodium berghei; Protozoan Infections, Animal; Tamarindus; Aloe; Azadirachta indica; Mus; Plasmodium berghei; Tamarindus indica	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84863473652	Impact of an educational intervention on the prescribing of antimalarials at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital	Akoria O.A., Olowofela A.	2011	International Journal of Health Research	4	3	None	Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, University of Benin, Nigeria; University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria	Akoria, O.A., Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, University of Benin, Nigeria, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria; Olowofela, A., Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, University of Benin, Nigeria	Purpose: To evaluate the impact of an educational intervention on antimalarial prescribing among internal medicine residents at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital. Methods: A sample of residents was given blank prescription orders to write prescriptions for uncomplicated malaria. This was followed the next day by educational intervention which focused on the World Health Organization's 'P Drug Concept' using malaria as a case study. One week later, the initial survey was repeated. Baseline and post-intervention prescriptions were matched by consensus between the authors and scored. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 16.0 using paired t tests for prescription scores. Results: Forty-six residents participated in the baseline survey and 49 postintervention; 31 pairs of prescriptions matched. Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) accounted for 81% of antimalarials prescribed at baseline, 75% of which were in brand names. No prescription stated dosage in milligrams at baseline. Generic prescribing improved with less than 50% of prescriptions written in brand names post-intervention (p = 0.001). One resident provided instructions for labelling post-intervention. Conclusion: Focused educational intervention resulted in improved generic prescribing of antimalarials in this experimental setting. Routine academic meetings should provide opportunities which can be inexpensively used for interventions to improve the utilization of medicines in Nigerian health care facilities. © Poracom Academic Publishers. All rights reserved.	Antimalarial prescribing; Benin city; Educational intervention; Residents	antimalarial agent; generic drug; article; drug labeling; human; medical education; Nigeria; outcome assessment; prescription; residency education; teaching hospital; university hospital	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80455130974	Kinetics of Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte sex ratios: Application to the evaluation of the potential of antimalarial drugs to influence malaria transmission	Gbotosho G.O., Sowunmi A., Happi C.T.	2011	Open Tropical Medicine Journal	4	1	10.2174/1874315301104010033	Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute for Medical Research and Training, University College Hospital Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Gbotosho, G.O., Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute for Medical Research and Training, University College Hospital Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Sowunmi, A., Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute for Medical Research and Training, University College Hospital Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Happi, C.T., Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute for Medical Research and Training, University College Hospital Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	A non-compartment pharmacokinetic model was used to evaluate the potential of antimalarial drugs to influence malaria transmission using the ratio of sex specific gametocyte half-lives male: Female- the gametocyte maleness index (GMI), and the ratio of the sex specific area inscribed by the plot of gametocyte sex density versus time curves AUCmg:AUCfg- the gametocyte maleness load index (GMLI). Data on gametocyte sexes collected in children with symptomatic Plasmodium falciparum malaria who were treated with various antimalarial drugs in an endemic area were examined using the two indices. Both GMI and GMLI were positively correlated (r = 0.71, P < 0.0001) and with 95% limits of agreement of -9.7 to 13.8 using Altman-Bland plot. Based on the assumption that, a male-biased sex ratio, if gametocytaemia is low, may increase mosquito infectivity, both GMI and GMLI, consistently gave index ratios > 1 for 4- aminoquinolines and antifolates suggesting potential for increasing the chance of mosquito infectivity. By contrast, artesunate and artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs), artemether-lumefantrine, and artesunate-amodiaquine, and a non-ACT, amodiaquine plus sulfalene-pyrimethamine, had ratios < 1 suggesting potential for reducing the chance of mosquito infectivity. The advantages and drawbacks of using these indices as tools in assessing the influence of antimalarials on transmission potentials in endemic areas of malaria are discussed. © Gbotosho et al.	Antimalarials; Children; Gametocytes; Nigeria; P. falciparum; Sex ratio; Transmission	amodiaquine; antimalarial agent; artemether plus benflumetol; artesunate; benflumetol; chloroquine; cotrimoxazole; folic acid antagonist; metakelfin; probenecid; quinoline derived antiinfective agent; adolescent; area under the curve; article; child; child health care; controlled study; dose response; drug efficacy; drug screening; endemic disease; female; gametocyte; human; human cell; infant; infection rate; major clinical study; malaria falciparum; male; nonhuman; outcome assessment; parasite survival; parasite transmission; parasite virulence; Plasmodium falciparum; preschool child; priority journal; sex ratio; treatment duration	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953417452	Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of extracts of Sida acuta against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome patients	Iroha I.R., Amadi E.S., Nwuzo A.C., Afiukwa F.N.	2009	Research Journal of Pharmacology	3	2	None	Department of Applied Microbiology, Ebonyi State University, PMB 053, Abakaliki, Nigeria	Iroha, I.R., Department of Applied Microbiology, Ebonyi State University, PMB 053, Abakaliki, Nigeria; Amadi, E.S., Department of Applied Microbiology, Ebonyi State University, PMB 053, Abakaliki, Nigeria; Nwuzo, A.C., Department of Applied Microbiology, Ebonyi State University, PMB 053, Abakaliki, Nigeria; Afiukwa, F.N., Department of Applied Microbiology, Ebonyi State University, PMB 053, Abakaliki, Nigeria	Abstract: Antimicrobial activity of aqueous and ethanol leaves extracts of Sida acuta against 45 clinical isolates of Staphylococccus aureas isolated from nasal cavity of Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. (HIV/AIDS) patients from University of Nigeria teaching hospital, Enugu was evaluated using agar well diffusion method. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the extracts was also determined using agar well diffusion technique and the killing rates of each extracts was also determined at different time intervals of 0-90 min. Results of the agar well diffusion study revealed that ethanol extracts produced the highest antimicrobial activity (86%), followed by hot water (61 %) and cold water extracts (48%). The MIC obtained ranged from 0.9625-1.8125 μg mL-1 for ethanol extracts, 7.8125-31.25 μg mL-1 for hot water and 15.625-31.25 μg mL-1 for cold water extracts. The result of killing rate studies showed that the test organisms were killed within 0-10 min for ethanol and hot water extracts and 5-60 min for cold water extracts. The over all results indicated that Sida acuta extracts have appreciable antimicrobial activity against S. aureus isolated Eroin HIV/AIDS patients. In addition to authenticating, the folkloric use of Sida acuta in the treatment of common diseases, the finding of this study highlights the possible usefulness of this plant material in the treatment of opportunistic infections caused by S. aureus in HIV/AIDS patients. © Medwell Journals, 2009.	Antimicrobial activity; Aqueous; Ethanolic; Leaf extracts; Screening; Susceptible; Test organism	alcohol; cold water; herbaceous agent; hot water; lincomycin; Sida acuta extract; unclassified drug; water; agar diffusion; angiosperm; antibacterial activity; article; bacterial kinetics; bacterial strain; bacterium isolate; controlled study; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; inhibition kinetics; minimum inhibitory concentration; nonhuman; nose cavity; Sida acuta; Staphylococcus aureus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84865562034	Evaluation of antimicrobial properties and nutritional potentials of Moringa oleifera Lam. leaf in South-Western Nigeria	Oluduro A.O.	2012	Malaysian Journal of Microbiology	8	2	None	Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Oluduro, A.O., Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Aims: The antimicrobial activities of the leaf extract of Moringa oleifera on certain enteropathogenic and orthopaedics' wounds bacteria and fungi were investigated. Its phytochemical constituents and nutritional potentials were as well assessed. Methodology and results: The antimicrobial activities of the leaf extracts were evaluated using paper disc diffusion method. All the leaf extracts showed little inhibitory effect on the enteropathogens, whereas aqueous and methanolic extracts showed appreciable inhibitory effects on the orthopaedic's wounds bacteria at 30mg/ml. Ethanolic extract did not show any zone of growth inhibition on the wound bacteria. All the fungal organisms except Aspergillus flavus were resistant to both aqueous and methanolic extracts of the leaf, meanwhile Ethanolic extract showed appreciable inhibitory effect on Tricophyton mentagrophyte, Pullarium sp, Aspergilus flavus and Penicillium sp. Minimum inhibitory concentration was 20mg/ml on all the enteropathogens and ranged from 3.75 to 30<g/ml on the orthopaedics' wounds organisms. Phytochemical analysis revealed less than 1 % of alkaloids, tannin, flavonoids and phenol in the leaf and contained appreciable quantity of calcium, magnesium, iron and 45.4 % carbohydrate, 16.2 % protein and 9.68 % fibre. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: The study showed that Moringa oleifera leaves possess inhibitory properties thus can serve as an alternative therapy for wounds and certain fungal infections and also a good source of nutrient supplements.	Antimicrobial activity; Bacteria; Fungi; Moringa leaf	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84919679983	In vitro evaluation of antimicrobial activity of cat fish slime mucin on selected micro-organisms by Agar Diffusion Method	Momoh M.A., Mora A.T., Ogbonna J.D.N., Agboke A.A.	2014	Pakistan Journal of Zoology	46	6	None	Drug Delivery Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Enugu State, Nigeria; Department of Clinical and Pharmacy Management, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kaduna State University, Kaduna State, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutical	Momoh, M.A., Drug Delivery Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Enugu State, Nigeria; Mora, A.T., Department of Clinical and Pharmacy Management, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kaduna State University, Kaduna State, Nigeria; Ogbonna, J.D.N., Drug Delivery Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Enugu State, Nigeria; Agboke, A.A., Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Pharm. Microbiology, University of Uyo, Akwa-Ibom State, Nigeria	Treatments of bacterial infections have become a difficult task in the medical practice due to high level of resistance to the existing marketed antibiotics. This problem evoked us to search for new antimicrobial agent for better management of bacterial infections. The present study was carried out to evaluate antimicrobial properties of epidermal mucus (soluble mucin or s-mucin). s-mucin was extracted using cold precipitation method and its antimicrobial properties were tested against four pathogenic bacteria at different concentrations. Results showed smucin have remarkable antimicrobial activity. Particularly, s-mucin was more effective against Staphylococcus aureus and Eschericia coli than Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhi. Its activity was comparatively better than the reference drug. Thus, s-mucin from cat fish's mucus may serve as a remedy to the current antibiotics failure. Its formulation into pharmaceutical preparation is therefore, encouraged after further in vivo evaluation. Copyright 2014 Zoological Society of Pakistan.	Antimicrobial activity; Catfish; Mucus; S-mucin	antimicrobial activity; biocontrol agent; concentration (composition); fish; infectious disease; microbial activity; pathogen; Bacteria (microorganisms); Escherichia coli; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Salmonella typhi; Staphylococcus aureus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928339216	Biological and chemical evaluation of the extracts of the leaf of Phyllanthus amarus Schum	Okwute Simon K., Okolo Simon C., Okoh-Esene R., Olajide Olutayo O.	2014	International Journal of ChemTech Research	7	5	None	Department of Chemistry, University of Abuja, P.M. B. 117, Gwagwalada, Abuja, F.C.T, Nigeria; Chemistry Advanced Laboratory, Sheda Science and Technology Complex, Abuja, F.C.T, Nigeria	Okwute Simon, K., Department of Chemistry, University of Abuja, P.M. B. 117, Gwagwalada, Abuja, F.C.T, Nigeria; Okolo Simon, C., Chemistry Advanced Laboratory, Sheda Science and Technology Complex, Abuja, F.C.T, Nigeria; Okoh-Esene, R., Chemistry Advanced Laboratory, Sheda Science and Technology Complex, Abuja, F.C.T, Nigeria; Olajide Olutayo, O., Chemistry Advanced Laboratory, Sheda Science and Technology Complex, Abuja, F.C.T, Nigeria	The leaf of Phyllanthus amarus was investigated for its chemical and biological properties. The powdered leaf was extracted with 95% ethanol and the crude extract was partitioned successively with hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and 70% aqueous methanol. Phytochemical analysis of the crude extract showed that it contained alkaloids, balsams, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, tannins, terpenoids, and anthraquinones. The proximate analysis revealed that Phyllanthus amarus leaf is a good source of carbohydrates, proteins and fibre. The crude extract and fractions were tested against Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Escherichia coli, Staphylococcous aureus, and Candida albicans for their antimicrobial and antifungal activities. Flash column chromatographic separation of the antimicrobial dichloromethane fraction gave a partially pure isolate which on GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 2- naphthyl-α- D-galactopyranoside and 9-octadecenoic acid in the leaf extract. © 2014-2015, Sphinx Knowledge House. All rights reserved.	Antimicrobial activity; Chemical constituents; Phyllanthus amarus leaf; Proximate analysis	alkaloid; anthraquinone; balsam; carbohydrate; flavonoid; Phyllanthus amarus extract; protein; saponin; steroid; tannin; terpenoid; antimicrobial activity; Article; bioassay; Candida albicans; chemical analysis; chemical composition; chromatography; Escherichia coli; mass fragmentography; nonhuman; phytochemistry; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; quantitative analysis; Staphylococcus aureus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-29444446963	Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of Cleome viscosa and Gmelina asiatica	Sudhakar M., Rao Ch.V., Rao P.M., Raju D.B.	2006	Fitoterapia	77	1	10.1016/j.fitote.2005.08.003	Shri Vishnu College of Pharmacy, Vishnupur, Bhimavaram, 534 202 A.P., India; National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226 001 U.P., India; Gondar College of Medical Sciences, Gondar, Ethiopia	Sudhakar, M., Shri Vishnu College of Pharmacy, Vishnupur, Bhimavaram, 534 202 A.P., India; Rao, Ch.V., National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226 001 U.P., India; Rao, P.M., Gondar College of Medical Sciences, Gondar, Ethiopia; Raju, D.B., Shri Vishnu College of Pharmacy, Vishnupur, Bhimavaram, 534 202 A.P., India	The ethanolic extracts of the leaves and flowers of Cleome viscosa and roots of Gmelina asiatica were tested for antimicrobial activity. The two plants exhibited a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity, particularly significative against Escherichia coli , Proteus vulgaris and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The leaf extract of C. viscosa showed moderate activity against pathogenic fungi. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Antimicrobial activity; Cleome viscosa; Gmelina asiatica	cleome viscosa extract; Gmelina asiatica extract; plant extract; unclassified drug; antifungal activity; antimicrobial activity; article; Cleome; cleome viscosa; controlled study; drug activity; drug screening; Escherichia coli; flower; Gmelina asiatica; nonhuman; plant leaf; plant root; priority journal; Proteus vulgaris; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Verbenaceae; Anti-Infective Agents; Aspergillus niger; Bacillus subtilis; Candida albicans; Cleome; Enterococcus faecalis; Escherichia coli; Flowers; Lamiaceae; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Plant Roots; Plants, Medicinal; Proteus vulgaris; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Rhizopus; Staphylococcus aureus; Cleome; Cleome viscosa; Escherichia coli; Fungi; Gmelina asiatica; Proteus vulgaris; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Verbenaceae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84874911480	Synthesis, characterisation, docking analysis and biological evaluation of α,α′-bis(p-dimethylaminobenzylidene)-γ- methylcyclohexanone	Shalini S., Girija C.R., Karunakar P., Jotani M.M., Venugopala K.N., Venkatesha T.V.	2013	Indian Journal of Chemistry - Section B Organic and Medicinal Chemistry	52	2	None	Chemistry Research Centre, SSMRV Degree College, 4th 'T' Block, Jayanagar, Bangalore 560 041, India; Department of Biotechnology, PES Institute of Technology, BSK III Stage, Bangalore 560 085, India; Department of Physics, Bhavan's Sheth R. A. College of Science, Khanpur, Ahmedabad 380 001, India; Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, Jnana Sahyadri, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta 577 451, India	Shalini, S., Chemistry Research Centre, SSMRV Degree College, 4th 'T' Block, Jayanagar, Bangalore 560 041, India; Girija, C.R., Chemistry Research Centre, SSMRV Degree College, 4th 'T' Block, Jayanagar, Bangalore 560 041, India; Karunakar, P., Department of Biotechnology, PES Institute of Technology, BSK III Stage, Bangalore 560 085, India; Jotani, M.M., Department of Physics, Bhavan's Sheth R. A. College of Science, Khanpur, Ahmedabad 380 001, India; Venugopala, K.N., Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South Africa; Venkatesha, T.V., Department of Chemistry, Jnana Sahyadri, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta 577 451, India	α,α′-bis(p-Dimethylaminobenzylidene)-γ- methylcyclohexanone (BMABMC) C25H30ON2, has been synthesised and characterised by elemental analysis, 1H and 13C NMR, mass spectroscopic techniques and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. The single crystal XRD studies of the title compound reveals the presence of C-H⋯O intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions linking inversion-related molecules into a dimer forming a ring of graph set R2 2(22). The antibacterial activitiy of the compound has been screened in vitro against the organisms. To evaluate the inhibition of HIV-1 integrase activity, molecular docking was performed and the study reveals a hydrophobic interaction with the catalytic core residues showing moderate inhibitory activity on HIV-1 integrase. The semi-empirical quantum chemical calculations were also performed using MOPAC2009 (PM3) for optimization of the geometry and the chemical activity of molecule. HOMO-LUMO transition implied an electron density transfer from C-N and C-C bonds at the edge of the molecule towards C-O and C-C bonds linked to central distorted cyclohexanone ring. The HOMO-LUMO energy gap of 7.778 eV reflects the chemical activity of the molecule thereby resulting charge transfer interaction.	Antimicrobial activity; Crystal structure; Cyclohexanone derivatives; Molecular docking analysis; MOPAC calculations	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878781412	Preliminary antimicrobial evaluation of DAS-77® - A polyherbal medicine	Awodele O., Akindele A.J., Aniete J., Adeyemi O.O.	2013	Journal of Herbal Medicine	3	2	10.1016/j.hermed.2013.01.002	Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria	Awodele, O., Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Akindele, A.J., Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Aniete, J., Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Adeyemi, O.O., Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria	Ethnobotanical records suggest that plants are the sleeping giants of the pharmaceutical industry and are a potential natural source of antimicrobial drugs which will provide novel or lead compounds that may be employed in controlling some infections globally. DAS-77® is a phytomedicine prepared by a traditional medicine practitioner and it is claimed to be effective in the treatment of piles, dysentery, cholera, menstrual pain, stomach disorder, ulcer, constipation, diarrhoea and sexually transmitted infections. This study was therefore aimed at scientifically evaluating the antimicrobial activity of DAS-77®. The antimicrobial activity of the aqueous extract was determined using the agar-well diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of ciprofloxacin and tetracycline were 50 μg/ml and 62.5 μg/ml, respectively, for both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, while that of the extract was 100 mg/ml and 50 mg/ml respectively. However, the extract did not show any inhibitory effect against Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The study showed that the extract was more active against the gram-negative bacteria than the gram-positive. However, the extract was active against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, which may provide scientific bases for the local usage of the plant in the treatment of various ailments, especially dysentery and diarrhoea. Further development of this extract to produce an antimicrobial preparation from a natural source will contribute greatly towards the delivery of effective healthcare. Further pharmacological evaluation and toxicological studies are recommended. © 2013 Elsevier GmbH.	Antimicrobial activity; DAS-77®; Diarrhoea; Dysentery; Phytomedicine	antibiotic agent; ciprofloxacin; das 77; tetracycline; unclassified drug; antimicrobial activity; article; controlled study; diarrhea; drug screening; dysentery; Enterococcus faecalis; Escherichia coli; minimum inhibitory concentration; nonhuman; priority journal; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus aureus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-71349083537	Comparative evaluation of the antibacterial activities of the essential oils of Rosmarinus officinalis L. obtained by hydrodistillation and solvent free microwave extraction methods	Okoh O.O., Sadimenko A.P., Afolayan A.J.	2010	Food Chemistry	120	1	10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.09.084	Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa	Okoh, O.O., Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa; Sadimenko, A.P., Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa; Afolayan, A.J., Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa	Rosmarinus officinalis L. is a perennial herb that belongs to the Lamiaceae family. It is used as a food flavouring agent, and well known medicinally for its powerful antimutagenic, antibacterial and chemopreventive properties. Essential oils were obtained from this plant by hydrodistillation (HD) and solvent free microwave extraction (SFME). GC-MS analyses of the oils revealed the presence of 24 and 21 compounds in the essential oils obtained through HD and SFME, respectively. The total yield of the volatile fractions obtained through HD and SFME was 0.31% and 0.39%, respectively. Higher amounts of oxygenated monoterpenes such as borneol, camphor, terpene-4-ol, linalool, α-terpeneol (28.6%) were present in the oil of SFME in comparison with HD (26.98%). However, HD oil contained more monoterpene hydrocarbons such as α-pinene, camphene, β-pinene, myrcene, α-phellanderene, 1,8-cineole, trans β-ocimene, γ-terpenene, and cis sabinene hydrate (32.95%) than SFME extracted oil (25.77%). The essential oils obtained using the two methods of extraction were active against all the bacteria tested at a concentration of 10 mg ml-1. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for all the susceptible bacteria ranged between 0.23 mg ml-1 and 7.5 mg ml-1.. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Antimicrobial activity; Essential oil; Hydrodistillation; Rosmarinus officinalis; Solvent free microwave extraction	1 methyl 2,4 nitrophenylbenzimid; 1,5 diphenyl 2h 1,2,4 triazoline; 2 methoxy 3,8 dioxocephalotax 1 ene; alpha phellanderene; behenic acid; beta pinene; borneol; bornyl acetate; camphene; camphor; caryophyllene; caryophyllene oxide; cineole; essential oil; humulene; jasmone; linalool; myrcene; myrtenol; ocimene; pentasiloxane; phthalic acid; phthalic acid derivative; pinene; sabinene; sesquiterpene derivative; terpene 4 ol; terpene derivative; terpinene; unclassified drug; verbinone; antibacterial activity; article; chemical composition; controlled study; distillation; gas chromatography; intermethod comparison; mass spectrometry; minimum inhibitory concentration; nonhuman; rosemary; solvent extraction; Dryobalanops; Lamiaceae; Rosmarinus officinalis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84862985323	Identification and antibacterial evaluation of bioactive compounds from Garcinia kola (Heckel) seeds	Seanego C.T., Ndip R.N.	2012	Molecules	17	6	10.3390/molecules17066585	Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X 1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon	Seanego, C.T., Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X 1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; Ndip, R.N., Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X 1314, Alice 5700, South Africa, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon	We assessed the bioactivity of G. kola seeds on Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Plesiomonas shigelloides and Salmonella typhimurium. The crude ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol, acetone and aqueous extracts were screened by the agar-well diffusion method and their activities were further determined by Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) assays. The extracts were fractionated by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). Bioautography was used to assess the activity of the possible classes of compounds present in the more active extracts. Column chromatography was used to purify the active compounds from the mixture, while GC-MS was used to identify the phytocomponents of the fractions. The inhibition zone diameters of the extracts ranged from 0-24 ± 1.1 mm, while MIC and MBC values ranged between 0.04-1.25 mg/mL and 0.081-2.5 mg/mL, respectively. The chloroform/ethyl acetate/formic acid (CEF) solvent system separated more active compounds. The MIC of the fractions ranged between 0.0006-2.5 mg/mL. CEF 3(F3), CEF 11 (F11) and CEF 12 (F12) revealed the presence of high levels of linoleic acid, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid and 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl ester, respectively. The results obtained from this study justify the use of this plant in traditional medicine and provide leads which could be further exploited for the development of new and potent antimicrobials. © 2012 by the authors.	Antimicrobial activity; Garcinia kola; GC-MS; Medicinal plants; Minimum Bactericidal Concentration; Minimum Inhibitory Concentration	antiinfective agent; plant extract; article; bacterium; chemistry; drug effect; Garcinia kola; microbiological examination; plant seed; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Garcinia kola; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Plant Extracts; Seeds	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84889672330	Monitoring and surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in microorganisms associated with aquatic animals	Smith P., Alday-Sanz V., Matysczak J., Moulin G., Lavilla-Pitogo C.R., Prater D.	2013	OIE Revue Scientifique et Technique	32	2	None	School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland; Pescanova S.A., Portal del Angel 3-5, 08002 Barcelona, Spain; Center for Veterinary Medicine, United States Food and Drug Administration, 7500 Standish Place, HFV-131, Roc	Smith, P., School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland; Alday-Sanz, V., Pescanova S.A., Portal del Angel 3-5, 08002 Barcelona, Spain; Matysczak, J., Center for Veterinary Medicine, United States Food and Drug Administration, 7500 Standish Place, HFV-131, Rockville, MD 28055, United States; Moulin, G., French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (Anses), National Agency for Veterinary Medicinal Products, 8 rue Claude Bourgelat, 35302 Fougères, France; Lavilla-Pitogo, C.R., Integrated Aquaculture International LLC, 1F No. 6, Bangunan Lim Seng Kok, Simpang 628, Jalan Tutong, Bandar Seri Begawan BF 1120, Nigeria; Prater, D., FDA Europe Office, United States Food and Drug Administration, United States Mission to the European Union, Rue Zinner 13, 1000 Brussels, Belgium	The World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) Aquatic Animal Health Code recommends that programmes for the monitoring and surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in microorganisms associated with aquatic animals be initiated by the appropriate authorities. This paper discusses the classes of bacteria to be studied in such programmes and the methods of sample collection to be employed. It also discusses the susceptibility test protocols appropriate for use in such programmes, the interpretive criteria that should be applied to the data they generate and the form in which the output of such programmes should be reported. The authors argue that it is essential that all monitoring and surveillance programmes should employ standardised and internationally harmonised susceptibility test methods to the greatest extent possible. With respect to bacteria capable of infecting aquatic animals, it is recommended that the set of consensus-based standards and guidelines published by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute be adopted as the basis for international harmonisation of test protocols, as they are significantly more developed than any alternatives. It is further recommended that, for the purpose of evaluating antimicrobial resistance trends, such as emerging resistance, the data generated by these protocols should be interpreted by the application of epidemiological cut-off values. However, as yet, internationally agreed cut-off values have been produced for only one species. Thus, for many species, authorities will be obliged to set their own local and laboratory-specific cut-off values. It is recommended that laboratories use a statistical and standardised method of establishing such local cut-off values. Internationally harmonised standard test protocols and interpretive criteria have, to a large extent, been developed to monitor antimicrobial resistance in bacterial species capable of infecting humans. These methods can also be applied to microorganisms capable of infecting humans that are isolated from aquatic animals reared for human consumption or for sale as companion animals.	Antimicrobial agents; Antimicrobial susceptibility test methods; Aquatic animals; Epidemiological cut-off values; Monitoring and surveillance; Reporting data; Resistance; Sampling protocols; Standardisation and harmonisation	antiinfective agent; animal; animal disease; antibiotic resistance; aquaculture; article; bacterium; classification; drug effect; ecosystem; fish; human; microbiological examination; microbiology; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Aquaculture; Bacteria; Bacteriological Techniques; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Ecosystem; Fishes; Humans	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84940025563	In vitro evaluation of the comprehensive antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of curtisia dentata (Burm.f) C.A. Sm: Toxicological effect on the human embryonic kidney (HEK293) and human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell lines	Fadipe V.O., Mongalo N.I., Opoku A.R.	2015	EXCLI Journal	14	None	10.17179/excli2015-351	Department of Chemistry, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa; College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences (CAES) Laboratories, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6, Florida, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa	Fadipe, V.O., Department of Chemistry, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa; Mongalo, N.I., College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences (CAES) Laboratories, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6, Florida, South Africa; Opoku, A.R., Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa	Curtisia dentata is used in African traditional medicine to treat variety of infections. C. dentata leaves were collected from Buffelskloof Nature Reserve, South Africa. The ethanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate and acetone extracts were evaluated for antimicrobial activity using micro dilution assay against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Mycoplasma hominis, Candida albicans and some clinical isolates of Moraxella catarrhalis, Proteus mirabilis and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from HIV patient. Acetone extract exhibited lowest MIC of 0.01 mg/ml against Candida albicans compared to other extracts. Besides lupeol, betulinic acid and ursolic acid, β-sitosterol was isolated for the first time from C. dentata leaves and exhibited antimicrobial activity with MIC values ranging from 0.20 to 6.25 mg/ml. Furthermore, the ethanol extract and the four isolated compounds revealed microbicidal effect, with MIC index of less than 4. Ethanol extract revealed the best total activity of 2400 ml/g against Mycoplasma hominis. Cytotoxicity of the isolated compounds was further investigated against the Human embryonic kidney (HEK293) and Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell lines using the MTT assay. Ursolic acid exhibited the lowest LD<inf>50</inf> of 122.4 μg/ml against HEK293 cell line while lupeol exhibited LD<inf>50</inf> of 278.8 and 289.4 μg/ml against HEK293 and HepG2 respectively. Lupeol exhibited low selectivity index. Ethyl acetate and acetone extracts were further investigated for antioxidant activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The acetone extract exhibited potent inhibition of DPPH compared to ethyl acetate extract. The findings of the current work validate the use of the plant species in the treatment of various human infections. © 2015 Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors. All rights reserved.	Antimicrobial; Antioxidant; Curtisia dentata; Cytotoxicity; Ethnomedicine; β-sitosterol	1,1 diphenyl 2 picrylhydrazyl; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; ascorbic acid; betulic acid; Curtisia dentata extract; lupeol; plant extract; sitosterol; streptomycin sulfate; unclassified drug; ursolic acid; antimicrobial activity; antioxidant activity; Article; Candida albicans; controlled study; Curtisia dentata; drug cytotoxicity; drug isolation; Escherichia coli; HEK293 cell line; HepG2 cell line; human; human cell; in vitro study; LD50; minimum bactericidal concentration; minimum fungicidal concentration; minimum inhibitory concentration; Moraxella catarrhalis; Mycobacterium smegmatis; Mycoplasma hominis; nonhuman; plant leaf; Proteus mirabilis; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus aureus; Candida albicans; Curtisia dentata; Escherichia coli; Moraxella catarrhalis; Mycobacterium smegmatis; Mycoplasma hominis; Proteus mirabilis; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus aureus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34250722113	Impact of α-topopherol on metronidazole and tetracycline-induced alterations in reproductive activities of male albino rats	Raji Y., Kunle-Alabi O.T., Olaleye S.B., Gbadegesin M.A., Awobajo F.O., Osonuga O.A., Odukanmi A.O., Salami S.A., Bolarinwa A.F.	2007	Journal of Biological Sciences	7	1	None	Department of Physiology, College of Medicine University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Physiology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ikenne, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department	Raji, Y., Department of Physiology, College of Medicine University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Kunle-Alabi, O.T., Department of Physiology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ikenne, Nigeria; Olaleye, S.B., Department of Physiology, College of Medicine University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Gbadegesin, M.A., Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Awobajo, F.O., Department of Physiology, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Osonuga, O.A., Department of Pharmacology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Shagamu, Nigeria; Odukanmi, A.O., Department of Physiology, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria; Salami, S.A., Department of Physiology, College of Medicine University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Bolarinwa, A.F., Department of Physiology, College of Medicine University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Antimicrobial drugs have been reported to have adverse effects on male fertility. The present study reports the role of α- tocopherol on metronidazole and tetracycline induced reproductive alterations in albino rats. Male albino rats (5/group) were treated with 20 mg kg-1 bw day-1 metronidazole or 60 mg kg-1 day-1 tetracycline with or without 15 mg kg-1 bw α-tocopherol for 8 weeks. The reversibility of effects after 4 weeks recovery period was determined in separate groups of 5 rats. The control groups received distilled water (vehicle) and 15 mg kg-1 day-1 α- tocopherol for 8 weeks. Metronidazole and tetracycline significantly (p&lt;0.05) reduced the weight of the epididymis, sperm count, motility and serum testosterone levels and increased the activity of endogenous superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the testis. Alpha-tocopherol significantly (p&lt;0.05) decreased the weight of the testis, epididymis, sperm motility and serum testosterone levels. Co-administration of metronidazole or tetracycline with α-tocopherol caused significant restoration in sperm indices and SOD activity while it produced no effect on testosterone secretion. The results suggest that the effects of metronidazole and tetracycline on male reproductive functions, which are partially reversible, could be mediated via a reduction in serum testosterone level and probably also via the free radical generating mechanism. © 2007 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Antimicrobial; Antioxidant; Male; Rat; Reproduction	alpha tocopherol; metronidazole; superoxide dismutase; testosterone; tetracycline; water; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; article; controlled study; enzyme activity; epididymis; male; male genital system disease; monotherapy; nonhuman; organ weight; rat; spermatozoon count; spermatozoon motility; testosterone blood level; testosterone release; treatment duration; Rattus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928669397	Synthesis and evaluation of antimicrobial properties of AZO dyes	Kofie W., Dzidzoramengor C., Adosraku R.K.	2015	International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences	7	4	None	Centre for Drug Design and Development, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	Kofie, W., Centre for Drug Design and Development, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Dzidzoramengor, C., Centre for Drug Design and Development, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Adosraku, R.K., Centre for Drug Design and Development, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	Objective: To synthesizeazo dyesand evaluate their antimicrobial potential. Methods: A number of azo compounds were synthesized via diazotization of primary aromatic amine and subsequent coupling with naphthols or other coupling partners. The antimicrobial properties of these azo compounds were determined against six microbial species; Staphylococcus aureus(ATCC25923), Escherichia coli (ATCC10231), Mycobacterium smegmatis (clinical strain), Micrococcus luteus(ATCC10240), Pseudomonas aureginosa (ATCC 9027) and the fungusCandida albicans(ATCC10231) using the Kirby-Bauer Standard disc diffusion method. The minimum inhibition concentrations (MIC)were also determined for those compounds that exhibited antimicrobial activity. Results: Two of the azo compounds showed inhibition against microbial agents, with p-NAαN in particular exhibiting very good antimicrobial properties. However, Pseudomonas aureginosa (ATCC 9027) was resistant against all the azo compounds. Conclusion: p-NAαN showed broad spectrum of activity againstStaphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Micrococcus luteusand the fungal species Candida albicans, with p-ABAαN exhibiting activity against Candida albicans. © 2015, International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science. All rights reserved.	Antimicrobial; Azo; Diazotization; Disc diffusion method; Minimum inhibition concentration	azo dye; antimicrobial activity; Article; Candida albicans; controlled study; cross coupling reaction; diazotization; disk diffusion; drug synthesis; Escherichia coli; Micrococcus luteus; minimum inhibitory concentration; Mycobacterium smegmatis; nonhuman; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus aureus; thin layer chromatography	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955432037	Evaluation of cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities of struchium Sparganophora (Linn.) ktze asteraceae	Kasim L.S., Ferro V.A., Odukoya O.A., Ukpo G.E., Seidel V., Gray A.I., Waigh R.	2011	Journal of Medicinal Plants Research	5	6	None	Faculty of Pharmacy, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Immunology, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NR, United Kingdom; Faculty of Pharmacy University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceu	Kasim, L.S., Faculty of Pharmacy, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu Ogun State, Nigeria; Ferro, V.A., Department of Immunology, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NR, United Kingdom; Odukoya, O.A., Faculty of Pharmacy University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria; Ukpo, G.E., Faculty of Pharmacy University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria; Seidel, V., Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NR, United Kingdom; Gray, A.I., Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NR, United Kingdom; Waigh, R., Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NR, United Kingdom	Struchium sparganophora (Linn) Ktze, (Asteraceae) is a culinary herbs used as part of a traditional dish in Nigeria and a medicinal plants for the treatment of different ailments in Africa. Dried leaf, stem and root parts of this plant were extracted with n-hexane, chloroform and methanol respectively, concentrated under reduced pressure, freeze dried and evaluated for their antimicrobial and anti tumour activities. The antimicrobial test involved microdilution titre technique while cytotoxicity activities was evaluated using the 3,-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) (MTT) assay. The extracts exhibited a broad spectrum of activity against Gram- positive and Gram-negative organism of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 50 to 6.25 mg/ml but this activity is less than that of anti-microbial standard drug amoxicillin which had MIC of 0.78 to 6.25 mg/ml except against Klebsiella aerogenes on which the extracts had a similar activity to that amoxicillin of MIC 6.25 mg/ml. The extracts showed a significant anti- fungal activity (P< 0.05) of MIC 6.25 mg/ml in comparison with the anti-fungal standard drug Fluconazole (MIC) 50 mg/ml. The extracts also showed to be cytotoxic to all cancer cell lines at the dose of 0.75 mg/ml and significant growth inhibitory activity to all the cancer cell lines used for the test at the dose of 1 mg/ml. The hexane extracts exhibited increase in most cancer cell lines growth at the doses of 0.1 and 0.25 mg/ml while the chloroform and methanol extracts did not show uniform activity. These activities may portend a beneficial effect to human consumption as it may hinder the development and growth of cancerous cells at a high dose. © 2011 Academic Journals.	Antimicrobial; Cytotoxicity; Hela; Melanoma; Ovarian; Struchium sparganophora	amoxicillin; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; antineoplastic agent; chloroform; fluconazole; hexane; methanol; plant extract; Struchium sparganophora extract; unclassified drug; antibacterial activity; antifungal activity; antineoplastic activity; article; Asteraceae; cancer cell culture; cancer inhibition; Candida albicans; concentration response; controlled study; drug cytotoxicity; drug isolation; Escherichia coli; human; human cell; Klebsiella aerogenes; minimum inhibitory concentration; nonhuman; plant leaf; plant root; plant stem; Proteus vulgaris; Staphylococcus aureus; Struchium sparganophora; Asteraceae; Klebsiella aerogenes; Negibacteria; Posibacteria; Struchium	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84925099186	Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial evaluations of mixed ligand complexes of diphenylamine of cobalt	Ejelonu B.C., Olagboye S.A.	2015	Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences	6	2	None	Department of Chemistry, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, Ekiti State University, Ado, Ekiti State, Nigeria	Ejelonu, B.C., Department of Chemistry, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria; Olagboye, S.A., Department of Chemistry, Ekiti State University, Ado, Ekiti State, Nigeria	Nove l cobalt(II) diphenylamine complexes have been synthesized in water-methanol medium and characterized on the basis of their elemental analysis, melting points, solubility tests, conductivity tests , UV-Visible and IR spectral studies. The antimicrobial activities of the cobalt (II) complexes were screened against Enterohaemorragic coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium tetani,Neisseria gonorrheae and Streptococcus pyogeus bacteria and Mucor, Rhizomucor, Aspergillus fumigates, Rhizopus, Sporothrix schenckii, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus terreus, Absidia, Aspergillus niger and Candida spp pathogenic fungi. The melting points or decomposition temperatures of the metal complexes fell between 89-101°C. The colors of the metal complexes range from blue to purple. The spectral results suggest the binding of diphenylamine(ligand) through the nitrogen atom to the cobalt(II) ions. The absorption bands observed in the Uv-Visible region are presumed to be due to charge transfer or intra-ligand transitions from the ligands or d-d transition from the metal ions.The metal complexes displayed proactive activities against the tested bacteria and fungi pathogens.	Antimicrobial; Diphenylamine; Metal complexes; Mixed ligand	amoxicillin; antiinfective agent; cobalt complex; cobalt diphenylamine complex; diphenylamine derivative; ketoconazole; methanol; unclassified drug; water; Absidia; antibacterial activity; antifungal activity; Article; Aspergillus; Aspergillus flavus; Aspergillus fumigatus; Aspergillus terreus; Candida; Clostridium tetani; conductance; controlled study; drug solubility; drug synthesis; enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli; infrared spectroscopy; ligand binding; melting point; Mucor; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; nonhuman; Rhizomucor; Rhizopus; Sporothrix schenckii; Staphylococcus aureus; Streptococcus pyogenes; ultraviolet spectroscopy; Absidia; Aspergillus; Aspergillus flavus; Aspergillus niger; Aspergillus terreus; Candida; Clostridium tetani; Fungi; Mucor; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Rhizomucor; Rhizopus; Sporothrix schenckii; Staphylococcus aureus; Streptococcus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953466525	Evaluation of the inhibitory potentials of eight higher Nigerian fungi against pathogenic microorganisms	Jonathan S.G., Kigigha L.T., Ohimain E.	2008	African Journal Biomedical Research	11	2	None	Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Biological Sciences, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Nigeria	Jonathan, S.G., Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Kigigha, L.T., Department of Biological Sciences, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Nigeria; Ohimain, E., Department of Biological Sciences, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Nigeria	Studies were carried out to determine antimicrobial potentials of crude and purified methanol extracts of some selected Nigerian mushrooms against some selected pathogenic microorganisms. The best in vitro antibacterial activity (24.0mm) was observed with the purified extract (PRE) of Polyporus giganteus against E. coli. This was followed in order by PRE of Pleurotus florida against K. pneumoniae with 22.0mm (P ≤ 0.05). Among the screened higher fungi, only the extracts of Pleurotus tuber-regium, were able to inhibit the growth of P. aeruginosa. It was also observed that antifungal activities of these mushrooms were generally low. Candida albicans were inhibited by the extracts of P. giganteus and T. robustus only while other fungi produce no zone of inhibition The observed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of M. jodocodo against E. coli was 2.75mg/ml while that of T. robustus against M. bourlardii was 15.75mg/ml. The significance of these observations was discussed. © Ibadan Biomedical Communications Group.	Antimicrobial; Disease; Edible fungi; Extraction; Microorganisms	antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; Fomes lignosus extract; Marasmius jodocodo extract; plant extract; Pleurotus florida extract; Pleurotus tuber regium extract; Polyporus giganteus extract; Psathyrella atroumbonata extract; Termitomyces microcarpus extract; Termitomyces robustus extract; unclassified drug; antibacterial activity; antifungal activity; article; bacterial growth; Candida albicans; controlled study; edible mushroom; Escherichia coli; Fomes lignosus; growth inhibition; in vitro study; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Marasmius jodocodo; minimum inhibitory concentration; nonhuman; Pleurotus; Pleurotus florida; Pleurotus tuber regium; Polyporus giganteus; Psathyrella atroumbonata; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Termitomyces microcarpus; Termitomyces robustus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78649729749	In vitro antimicrobial evaluation of lozenges containing extract of garlic and ginger	Esimone C.O., Okoye F.B.C., Odimegwu D.C., Nworu C.S., Oleghe P.O., Ejogha P.W.	2010	International Journal of Health Research	3	2	None	Pharmaceutical Microbiology Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsuk	Esimone, C.O., Pharmaceutical Microbiology Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; Okoye, F.B.C., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Odimegwu, D.C., Pharmaceutical Microbiology Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; Nworu, C.S., Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Oleghe, P.O., Department of Microbiology, Auchi Polythechnic, Edo State, Nigeria; Ejogha, P.W., Pharmaceutical Microbiology Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria	Purpose: The present work is an antimicrobial evaluation of lozenge dosage forms containing garlic and ginger extract. Methods: Lozenges containing pulverized garlic and ginger were produced by the moulding method and was evaluated against oropharyngeal microbial isolates after time-release in a normal saline-saliva sink solution. The solution was withdrawn at different intervals and screened for antimicrobial activities using the agar diffusion method against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. Nystatin tablets were used as standard. Results: There was inhibition of growth by Nystatin tablet but garlic-ginger combination only inhibited growth of laboratory strains of C. albicans. Conclusion: The result of this study showed that the garlic and ginger can be formulated into lozenges and used in non-resistant oral thrush. © Poracom Academic Publishers. All rights reserved.	Antimicrobial evaluation; Garlic extract; Ginger extract; Lozenges; Oral thrush	antiinfective agent; lozenge extract; nystatin; unclassified drug; antibiotic sensitivity; antifungal activity; antimicrobial activity; article; bacterial growth; bacterial strain; Candida albicans; drug formulation; drug release; drug screening; Escherichia coli; fungal strain; garlic; ginger; growth inhibition; immunomodulation; lozenge; nonhuman; Staphylococcus aureus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80155187752	Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides root bark extracts	Ynalvez R.A., Cardenas C., Addo J.K., Adukpo G.E., Dadson B.A., Addo-Mensah A.	2012	Research Journal of Medicinal Plant	6	2	10.3923/rjmp.2012.149.159	Texas A and M International University, Laredo, TX 78041, United States; University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana	Ynalvez, R.A., Texas A and M International University, Laredo, TX 78041, United States; Cardenas, C., Texas A and M International University, Laredo, TX 78041, United States; Addo, J.K., University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Adukpo, G.E., University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Dadson, B.A., University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Addo-Mensah, A., Texas A and M International University, Laredo, TX 78041, United States	The development of resistance to antibiotics by infectious agents has been a continuous challenge. Thus, in this study, the aim was to evaluate the antimicrobial activities of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides, a potential plant source for novel antibiotics. Toward this end, dried powdered samples of the root barks of Z. zanthoxyloides were extracted successively to obtain Crude Petroleum Ether (CPE), Defatted Ethanol Ether (DEE) and Defatted Ethanol Chloroform (DEC) extracts. The antimicrobial activities indicated by the size of the Zone of Inhibition (ZOI) of each extract at concentrations 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 μg μL -1 were evaluated against Escherichia coli (E. coli), methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREF) using disc diffusion method. Two sets of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were performed. The first set comprised separate ANOVAs for each microorganism because the positive controls were different for each microorganism, although the negative control (DMSO) was the same for all. The second set was a single combined ANOVA with all microorganisms included with their positive controls excluded. The first set of analysis showed that DEE had significantly (p&lt;0.001) higher antimicrobial activity than DMSO, CPE, or DEC. No significant interaction between extract and concentration was detected. The second set indicated a significant (p&lt;0.01) interaction effect between extract and microorganism. Although no significant differences in ZOI were observed for microorganisms exposed to DMSO, CPE and DEC; one particular microorganism VREF was found to be the most susceptible to DEE. In addition, findings of this study show the potential of Z. zanthoxyloides as a source of broad-spectrum antimicrobial compounds. © 2012 Academic Journals Inc.	Antimicrobial; Extracts; Methicillin; Vancomycin; Zanthoxylum	alcohol; antiinfective agent; chloramphenicol; chloroform; kanamycin; linezolid; novobiocin; penicillin G; petroleum ether; plant extract; streptomycin; unclassified drug; Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides extract; antibacterial activity; article; bark; concentration response; controlled study; disk diffusion; Enterococcus faecium; Escherichia coli; medicinal plant; methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection; methicillin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus; nonhuman; solvent extraction; Soxhlet extraction; vancomycin resistant Enterococcus; zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides; Enterococcus faecium; Escherichia coli; methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Staphylococcus aureus; Zanthoxylum; Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84925070811	Ethnopharmacological evaluation of a traditional herbal remedy used to treat gonorrhoea in Limpopo province, South Africa	Mulaudzi R.B., Ndhlala A.R., Van Staden J.	2015	South African Journal of Botany	97	None	10.1016/j.sajb.2014.12.007	Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, South Africa; Agriculture Research Council-Vegetable and Ornamental Plant Institute, Private Bag X293, Pretoria, South Africa	Mulaudzi, R.B., Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, South Africa, Agriculture Research Council-Vegetable and Ornamental Plant Institute, Private Bag X293, Pretoria, South Africa; Ndhlala, A.R., Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, South Africa, Agriculture Research Council-Vegetable and Ornamental Plant Institute, Private Bag X293, Pretoria, South Africa; Van Staden, J., Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, South Africa	The indigenous people from Limpopo regard herbal remedies as the most effective way of treating Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs). There are several herbal remedies that they use for various purposes. This study was aimed at evaluating the efficacy of a popular herbal remedy used to treat STIs by testing for its antimicrobial activity, enzyme inhibition against HIV-type 1 reverse-transcriptase (HIV-RT) and cyclooxygenase (COX-2). The safety of the remedy was evaluated by testing for its mutagenic and anti-mutagenic effects. The herbal remedy evaluated in this study was manufactured by a traditional healer from Madiwana village in Limpopo province, South Africa. The mixture was derived from nine plant species, which were also evaluated individually. The herbal remedy was evaluated for its antimicrobial properties against two Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus), three Gram-negative (Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae) bacteria and a fungus, Candida albicans. It was assessed for its pharmacological and genotoxicity properties. The extracts of the nine plant species were evaluated in the antigonococcal bioassay only. The herbal remedy exhibited moderate activity against N. gonorrhoeae (66%) but showed good activity against E. coli, K. pneumoniae and S. aureus with MIC values ranging from 0.78 to 1.56. mg/ml. The mixture exhibited low antifungal activity against C. albicans. The remedy exhibited insignificant and moderate activities against COX-2 and HIV-RT respectively. The remedy was non-mutagenic. Acetone extracts of Catharanthus roseus, Senna italica, Gomphocarpus fruticosus and Solanum panduriforme showed the best antigonoccol activity >. 70%. The observed activities of the herbal remedy may offer a lead to explore new multi-target drugs against gonorrhoea and other STIs. © 2014 South African Association of Botanists.	Antimicrobial; Gonorrhoea; Herbal remedy; HIV-type 1 reverse transcriptase; Mutagenicity	antimicrobial activity; bacterium; bioassay; drug; efficiency measurement; enzyme activity; fungus; genotoxicity; herb; human immunodeficiency virus; indigenous population; inhibition; mutagenicity; plant extract; safety; sexually transmitted disease; traditional medicine; Limpopo; South Africa; Bacillus subtilis; Candida albicans; Catharanthus roseus; Escherichia coli; Fungi; Gomphocarpus fruticosus; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Negibacteria; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Posibacteria; Senna italica; Solanum panduriforme; Staphylococcus aureus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-68049087510	In vitro evaluation of Lozenges containing extracts of roots Zapoteca portoricensis (FAM: Fabaceae)	Esimone C.O., Onuh P.U., Obitte N.C., Egege M.K., Ugoeze K.C.	2009	Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology	4	3	10.3923/jpt.2009.132.137	Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Departmen	Esimone, C.O., Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Onuh, P.U., Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Obitte, N.C., Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Egege, M.K., Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Portharcourt, Nigeria; Ugoeze, K.C., Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria	The aim of this research was to formulate Zapoteca portoricensis root extract as Lozenges and to evaluate some of their antimicrobial and tablet properties. The root extracts were formulated into Lozenges using either Sodium Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (SCMC) or Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC) as binders. Uniformity of weight, crushing strength, microbial sensitivity and pre-extinction time studies (using E. coli, S. aureus and Candida albicans) were conducted on three Lozenges formulated with either SCMC (Batch A), CMC (Batch B) and a reference standard, DequadinR, containing dequalinium hydrochloride (Batch C). Results showed that Batches B and C passed the weight uniformity test. The three batches had mean crushing strengths of 4.86±0.043, 3.9±0.03 and 13.1±0.43 KgF, respectively for A, B and C. S. aureus and Candida alhicans were sensitive to the test lozenges whereas Escherichia coli was not. Candida albicans was minimally sensitive to the standard lozenge, while S. aureus was not. Both the test and the standard samples showed extinction times greater than 30 min. © 2009 Academic Journals Inc.	Antimicrobial; Herbal formulation; Lozenges; Microorganisms; Zapoteca portoricensis	antibiotic agent; carboxymethylcellulose; dequalinium; plant extract; unclassified drug; Zapoteca portoricensis extract; antibiotic sensitivity; antimicrobial activity; article; Candida albicans; controlled study; crushing strength; drug screening; Escherichia coli; in vitro study; legume; lozenge; nonhuman; plant root; Staphylococcus aureus; tablet formulation; timed drug release; weight; Zapoteca portoricensis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84867313610	Dietary supplementation with recombinant lactoferrampin-lactoferricin improves growth performance and affects serum parameters in piglets	Tang X., Fatufe A.A., Yin Y., Tang Z., Wang S., Liu Z., Xinwu, Li T.-J.	2012	Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances	11	14	10.3923/javaa.2012.2548-2555	Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Changsha, 410125 Hunan, China; Graduate School of Chin	Tang, X., Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Changsha, 410125 Hunan, China, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China; Fatufe, A.A., Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Changsha, 410125 Hunan, China, Department of Animal Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Yin, Y., Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Changsha, 410125 Hunan, China; Tang, Z., College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, 400715 Chongqing, China; Wang, S., Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Changsha, 410125 Hunan, China; Liu, Z., Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Changsha, 410125 Hunan, China, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China; Xinwu, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Changsha, 410125 Hunan, China; Li, T.-J., Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Changsha, 410125 Hunan, China	Up to thirty piglets with an average live body weight of 5.9±0.5 kg were challenged using enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and randomly assigned to three treatment groups fed a corn-soybean meal-based diet containing either no addition (control group), 0.1 g kg -1 of lactoferrampin-lactoferricin (lactoferrampin-lactofemcin group) or 0.1 g kg -1 of chlortetracyclme (chlortetracycline group) for 21 days. Compared with the control group, dietary supplementation with lactoferrampin-lactoferricin or chlortetracycline increased the body weight and daily weight gain and decreased the feed to gain ratio, diarrhea rate and serum IgM and lgG levels (p&lt;0.05). The serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, diamine oxidase and endothelin-1 were not significantly different among all treatment groups (p&gt;0.05). Compared with the control group, dietary supplementation with lactoferrampin-lactoferricin changed the serum concentrations of 10 amino acids (p&lt;0.05); dietary supplementation with chlortetracycline only changed the serum histidine concentration (p&lt;0.05). These results indicate that lactoferrampin-lactoferricin and chlortetracycline have similar effects on piglets weaned at 21 days of age which is expected to have practical applications in the livestock industry. © Medwell Journals, 2012.	Antimicrobial peptide; Bovine lactoferrampin-lactoferricin; China; Growth performance; Piglet	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883875904	In vivo antimicrobial potentials of garlic against Clostridium perfringens and its promotant effects on performance of broiler chickens	Jimoh A.A., Ibitoye E.B., Dabai Y.U., Garba S.	2013	Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences	16	24	10.3923/pjbs.2013.1978.1984	Department of Theriogenology and Animal Production, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria; Vetemary Teaching Hospital, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria	Jimoh, A.A., Department of Theriogenology and Animal Production, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria; Ibitoye, E.B., Department of Theriogenology and Animal Production, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria; Dabai, Y.U., Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria; Garba, S., Vetemary Teaching Hospital, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria	This study was conducted to investigate in vivo antimicrobial potential of garlic against Clostridium perferinges and resultant promotant effects on performance of the broiler chickens. Garlic powder was used as an alternative to GPAs (Growth Promotant Antibiotics) to prevent subclinical Necrotic Enteritis (NE) due to C. perferinges. 120 day-old broiler chicks were randomly distributed to six treatment groups of 20 chicks each (2 replicates-10 chicks). Six isonutrient diets supplemented with garlic at graded levels of 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 g kg-1 were fed to the birds for seven weeks. Data were collected weekly on performance parameters including feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Also, on the 21 35 and 49th days of the study, two birds per group were randomly selected, slaughtered and dissected, lg of caecal contents per each bird were sampled into labelled sterile sample bottles. The samples were subjected to culturing, bacterial identification and colony counting. All data were subjected to analysis of variance. Results showed that garlic significantly (p&gt;0.05) depressed feed intake (3310 g feed/bird at 1.0 g kg-1 supplementation) but improved FCR. The supplement has no significant effect on weight gam but C. perfringens colony counts in the treated groups, were numerically reduced (lowest count, 0.93x105 cfu g-1 at 1.0 gkg-1 supplementation), as compared to the control. It is therefore concluded that diets could be supplemented with garlic at dose range of 1.0 to 1.5 g kg-1 to prevent subclinical NE and achieve improved performance in birds. © 2013 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Antimicrobial potentials; Broiler; Clostridium perfringens; Garlic; Performance	antiinfective agent; plant extract; animal; animal disease; animal food; article; bird disease; chicken; Clostridium infection; Clostridium perfringens; diet supplementation; drug effect; eating; energy metabolism; garlic; growth, development and aging; medicinal plant; microbiology; nutritional status; nutritional value; phytotherapy; poultry; powder; time; weight gain; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chickens; Clostridium Infections; Clostridium perfringens; Dietary Supplements; Eating; Energy Metabolism; Garlic; Nutritional Status; Nutritive Value; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Poultry; Poultry Diseases; Powders; Time Factors; Weight Gain	None
None	None	Evaluation of the hygienic quality and associated public health hazards of raw milk marketed by smallholder dairy producers in the Dar es Salaam region, Tanzania	Kivaria F.M., Noordhuizen J.P.T.M., Kapaga A.M.	2006	Tropical Animal Health and Production	38	3	10.1007/s11250-006-4339-y	Animal Diseases Research Institute, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania; Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands	Kivaria, F.M., Animal Diseases Research Institute, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania; Noordhuizen, J.P.T.M., Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands; Kapaga, A.M., Animal Diseases Research Institute, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania	A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine three parameters of the quality of the raw milk marketed by milk selling points (MSPs) in Dar es Salaam region. Total bacterial count (TBC) was used as an indicator of the microbial quality of the milk; antimicrobial residues were determined; and the California mastitis test (CMT) was used to screen for milk somatic cells as an indication of the mastitis level in the cows that provided the milk. Moreover, a water sample at each MSP was taken for bacteriological culturing. Finally, a questionnaire survey was conducted with the milk sellers at the MSPs to identify risk factors for poor milk hygiene. A total of 128 milk samples and corresponding water samples were collected from randomly selected milk selling points in Dar es Salaam region. The mean TBC was (8.2± 1.9) × 106 cfu/ml, and major bacterial isolates from the milk samples were Escherichia coli (6.3%), Bacillus cereus (6.3%), Staphylococcus aureus (6.3%) and Streptococcus agalactiae (6.3%), Enterobacter aerogenes (5.6%) and Enterococcus faecalis (4.7%). In most cases, the organisms identified in milk corresponded to those isolated from the corresponding water samples. Of milk samples, 79.0% were positive to the CMT and 7.0% were positive for antimicrobial residues. TBC was normalized by log-transformation, and the possible predictors of TBC were identified by fitting two linear regression models. In a random effect model, water microbial quality, frequency of cleaning the milk containers, frequency of milk supply, milk storage time and the type of containers, and mixing of fresh and previous milk were significantly (p &lt; 0.05) associated with the mean log TBC. In a fixed effect model, in addition to these indicators, water shortage, water source and the refrigerator condition were significantly (p ≤ 0.01) associated with log TBC. It was concluded that the milk sold in Dar es Salaam region is of poor quality and is of public health significance. © Springer 2006.	Antimicrobial residues; CMT; Dar es Salaam; Microbiological quality; Public health hazards; TBC	drug residue; animal; animal disease; article; bacterial count; bacterium; cattle; cattle disease; cell count; chemistry; cross-sectional study; cytology; female; human; hygiene; isolation and purification; microbiology; milk; public health; questionnaire; risk factor; safety; standard; statistical model; Tanzania; Animals; Bacteria; Cattle; Cell Count; Colony Count, Microbial; Consumer Product Safety; Cross-Sectional Studies; Drug Residues; Female; Humans; Hygiene; Linear Models; Mastitis, Bovine; Milk; Public Health; Questionnaires; Risk Factors; Tanzania; Water Microbiology; Bacillus cereus; Bacteria (microorganisms); Enterobacter aerogenes; Enterococcus faecalis; Escherichia coli; Staphylococcus aureus; Streptococcus agalactiae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-39649119854	Impact of cotrimoxazole on non-susceptibility to antibiotics in Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage isolates among HIV-infected mineworkers in South Africa	Pemba L., Charalambous S., von Gottberg A., Magadla B., Moloi V., Seabi O., Wasas A., Klugman K.P., Chaisson R.E., Fielding K., Churchyard G.J., Grant A.D.	2008	Journal of Infection	56	3	10.1016/j.jinf.2007.12.003	Aurum Institute for Health Research, P. O. Box 61587, Marshalltown, 2107, South Africa; Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Medical Research Council, De Korte Street, Braamfontein, 2001, South Africa; Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Division of Infectious Diseases, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States; Johns Hopkins University, 1840E Monument Street, Room 401, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E7HT, United Kingdom	Pemba, L., Aurum Institute for Health Research, P. O. Box 61587, Marshalltown, 2107, South Africa; Charalambous, S., Aurum Institute for Health Research, P. O. Box 61587, Marshalltown, 2107, South Africa; von Gottberg, A., Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Medical Research Council, De Korte Street, Braamfontein, 2001, South Africa; Magadla, B., Aurum Institute for Health Research, P. O. Box 61587, Marshalltown, 2107, South Africa; Moloi, V., Aurum Institute for Health Research, P. O. Box 61587, Marshalltown, 2107, South Africa; Seabi, O., Aurum Institute for Health Research, P. O. Box 61587, Marshalltown, 2107, South Africa; Wasas, A., Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Medical Research Council, De Korte Street, Braamfontein, 2001, South Africa; Klugman, K.P., Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Medical Research Council, De Korte Street, Braamfontein, 2001, South Africa, Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Division of Infectious Diseases, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States; Chaisson, R.E., Johns Hopkins University, 1840E Monument Street, Room 401, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States; Fielding, K., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E7HT, United Kingdom; Churchyard, G.J., Aurum Institute for Health Research, P. O. Box 61587, Marshalltown, 2107, South Africa; Grant, A.D., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E7HT, United Kingdom	Objectives: To investigate risk factors for pneumococcal carriage and non-susceptibility among HIV-infected mineworkers in South Africa. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, HIV clinic attendees were questioned about risk factors for pneumococcal carriage and antimicrobial non-susceptibility. Oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal swabs were taken for pneumococcal culture, serotyping and susceptibility testing. Results: Among 856 participants (854 male, median age 41.5 years, median CD4 290 cells/mm3), 294 (34.3%) were receiving cotrimoxazole prophylaxis. Overall, 75/856 (8.8%) carried S. pneumoniae; among those taking vs. not taking cotrimoxazole, 8.2% vs. 9.1% were carriers. Risk factors for pneumococcal carriage were living with a child (adjusted OR 2.12, 95% CI 1.06-4.62) and recent hospitalisation (adjusted OR 1.80; 95% CI 0.98-3.30). Among participants not taking cotrimoxazole, the prevalence of carriage was higher in individuals with lower CD4 counts. Comparing participants taking cotrimoxazole vs. not, 60.9% vs. 22.4% (p = 0.001) isolates were non-susceptible to cotrimoxazole and 30.4% vs. 8.2% were non-susceptible to penicillin (p = 0.014). Thirty three/72 (45.8%) isolates were paediatric serotypes/groups. Nasopharyngeal compared with oropharyngeal swabs had higher sensitivity in detecting carriage (53/75, 70.7% vs. 31/75, 41.3%), and adding oropharyngeal sampling increased detection from 6.2% to 8.8%. Conclusions: Non-susceptibility to cotrimoxazole and penicillin was more common among isolates from participants taking cotrimoxazole prophylaxis. Surveillance for antimicrobial susceptibility is important where prophylaxis is used. Treatment for pneumococcal disease should take into account a higher risk of non-susceptibility to antibiotics amongst individuals taking cotrimoxazole prophylaxis. © 2007 The British Infection Society.	Antimicrobial resistance; HIV infection; Pneumococcal carriage; Sub-Saharan Africa	antibiotic agent; antiretrovirus agent; beta lactam antibiotic; cotrimoxazole; isoniazid; penicillin G; adult; aged; antibiotic prophylaxis; antibiotic sensitivity; article; bacterium carrier; bacterium culture; bacterium detection; bacterium isolate; CD4+ T lymphocyte; controlled study; female; hospitalization; human; human cell; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; major clinical study; male; miner; minimum inhibitory concentration; nonhuman; nose smear; risk factor; sensitivity and specificity; serotyping; South Africa; Streptococcus infection; Streptococcus pneumoniae; throat culture; tuberculosis; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Carrier State; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Cross-Sectional Studies; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Pharynx; Pneumococcal Infections; Risk Factors; Serotyping; South Africa; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Combination	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84905029210	Physical and electrochemical evaluation of ATO supported IrO2 catalyst for proton exchange membrane water electrolyser	Puthiyapura V.K., Mamlouk M., Pasupathi S., Pollet B.G., Scott K.	2014	Journal of Power Sources	269	None	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.06.078	School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom; South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry (SAIAMC), Faculty of Science, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa	Puthiyapura, V.K., School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom; Mamlouk, M., School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom; Pasupathi, S., South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry (SAIAMC), Faculty of Science, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; Pollet, B.G., South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry (SAIAMC), Faculty of Science, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; Scott, K., School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom	Antimony doped tin oxide (ATO) was studied as a support material for IrO2 in proton exchange membrane water electrolyser (PEMWE). Adams fusion method was used to prepare the IrO2-ATO catalysts. The physical and electrochemical characterisation of the catalysts were carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), powder conductivity, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and membrane electrode assembly (MEA) polarisation. The BET surface area and electronic conductivity of the supported catalysts were found to be predominantly arisen from the IrO2. Supported catalyst showed higher active surface area than the pristine IrO2 in CV analysis with 85% H3PO4 as electrolyte. The MEA performance using Nafion®-115 membrane at 80 °C and atmospheric pressure showed a better performance for IrO2 loading. © 2014 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Antimony tin oxide; Hydrogen generation; Iridium dioxide; Oxygen evolution reaction; PEM water electrolysis	Atmospheric pressure; Catalyst supports; Cyclic voltammetry; Hydrogen; Hydrogen production; Nanocomposites; Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC); Scanning electron microscopy; Tin; Transmission electron microscopy; X ray diffraction; Antimony tin oxide; Hydrogen generations; Iridium dioxide; Oxygen evolution reaction; PEM water electrolysis; Loading	EP/G042012/1, EPSRC, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
Scopus	2-s2.0-77954704762	Liquid vs. solid culture for tuberculosis: Performance and cost in a resource-constrained setting	Chihota V.N., Grant A.D., Fielding K., Ndibongo B., Van Zyl A., Muirhead D., Churchyard G.J.	2010	International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease	14	8	None	Aurum Institute for Health Research, Private Bag X 30500, Houghton, Johannesburg, 2041, South Africa; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom	Chihota, V.N., Aurum Institute for Health Research, Private Bag X 30500, Houghton, Johannesburg, 2041, South Africa; Grant, A.D., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Fielding, K., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Ndibongo, B., Aurum Institute for Health Research, Private Bag X 30500, Houghton, Johannesburg, 2041, South Africa; Van Zyl, A., Aurum Institute for Health Research, Private Bag X 30500, Houghton, Johannesburg, 2041, South Africa; Muirhead, D., Aurum Institute for Health Research, Private Bag X 30500, Houghton, Johannesburg, 2041, South Africa, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Churchyard, G.J., Aurum Institute for Health Research, Private Bag X 30500, Houghton, Johannesburg, 2041, South Africa, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom	SETTING: National Health Laboratory Services tuberculosis (TB) laboratory, South Africa. OBJECTIVES: To compare Mycobacterium Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT) with Löwenstein-Jensen (LJ) medium with regard to Mycobacterium tuberculosis yield, time to positive culture and contamination, and to assess MGIT cost-effectiveness. DESIGN: Sputum from gold miners was cultured on MGIT and LJ. We estimated cost per culture, and, for smear-negative samples, incremental cost per additional M. tuberculosis gained with MGIT using a decision-tree model. RESULTS: Among 1267 specimens, MGIT vs. LJ gave a higher yield of mycobacteria (29.7% vs. 22.8%), higher contamination (16.7% vs. 9.3%) and shorter time to positive culture (median 14 vs. 25 days for smear-negative specimens). Among smear-negative samples that were culture-positive on MGIT but negative/contaminated on LJ, 77.3% were non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). Cost per culture on LJ, MGIT and MGIT+LJ was respectively US$12.35, US$16.62 and US$19.29. The incremental cost per additional M. tuberculosis identified by standard biochemical tests and microscopic cording was respectively US$504.08 and US$328.10 using MGIT vs. LJ, or US$160.80 and US$109.07 using MGIT+LJ vs. LJ alone. CONCLUSION: MGIT gives higher yield and faster results at relatively high cost. The high proportion of NTM underscores the need for rapid speciation tests. Minimising contaminated cultures is key to cost-effectiveness. © 2010 The Union.	Anti-MPB64 assay; LJ medium; MGIT; Microscopic cording; Mycobacterium tuberculosis	adult; aged; article; bacterium culture; bacterium identification; cost effectiveness analysis; decision tree; female; human; major clinical study; male; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; priority journal; South Africa; sputum culture; comparative study; cost; culture medium; economics; follow up; growth, development and aging; isolation and purification; microbiological examination; microbiology; middle aged; Mycobacterium fortuitum; prevalence; reproducibility; retrospective study; sputum; standards; tuberculosis; young adult; Adult; Aged; Bacteriological Techniques; Costs and Cost Analysis; Culture Media; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Middle Aged; Mycobacterium fortuitum; Prevalence; Reproducibility of Results; Retrospective Studies; South Africa; Sputum; Tuberculosis; Young Adult; culture medium; Adult; Aged; Bacteriological Techniques; Costs and Cost Analysis; Culture Media; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Middle Aged; Mycobacterium fortuitum; Prevalence; Reproducibility of Results; Retrospective Studies; South Africa; Sputum; Tuberculosis; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84856211123	Mutagenicity, antimutagenicity and cytotoxicity evaluation of South African Podocarpus species	Abdillahi H.S., Verschaeve L., Finnie J.F., Van Staden J.	2012	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	139	3	10.1016/j.jep.2011.11.044	Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Department of Toxicology, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Juliette Wytsmanstreet 14, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium	Abdillahi, H.S., Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Verschaeve, L., Department of Toxicology, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Juliette Wytsmanstreet 14, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium; Finnie, J.F., Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Van Staden, J., Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa	Ethnopharmacological relevance: Four species of Podocarpus are used in traditional medicine both in human and animal healthcare in South Africa. In vitro pharmacological screening of leaf and stem extracts of these species exhibited potent antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-tyrosinase, anthelmintic, acetylcholinesterase inhibitory and antioxidant activities. Aim of the study: To investigate the mutagenicity, antimutagenicity and cytotoxicity effects of leaf and stem extract of South African Podocarpus species. Material and methods: The mutagenicity and cytotoxic effects of extracts from four species of Podocarpus were tested using the Salmonella/microsome assay with and without metabolic activation, based on the plate-incorporation method and neutral red uptake (NRU) assay respectively. Five Salmonella typhimurium tester strains; TA98, TA100, TA102, TA1535 and TA1537 were used for mutagenicity testing. The relative cytotoxicity of the extracts was assessed by determining their NI 50 values (50% inhibition of NRU). Results: The extracts did not show any mutagenic effects against all the tester strains with or without metabolic activation. All extracts demonstrated a strong antimutagenic effect on the mutations induced by 4NQO, decreasing its mutagenic effect in a dose-dependent manner. Strong cytotoxic effects were exhibited by petroleum ether extracts as compared to 80% ethanol extracts. When HepG2 cells were in contact with plant extracts in an increasing concentration, slopes of NRU decreased (highest-lowest %) following a concentration-dependent pattern. For 80% ethanol extracts, the most toxic extract in terms of percentage viability was leaves of Podocarpus falcatus whereby at 0.2 mg/ml, the viability of the cells was 38.9%. Stem extract of Podocarpus latifolius was the most toxic among PE extracts, giving a percentage viability of 46.4 at 0.1 mg/ml. Conclusion: Absence of mutagenicity does not indicate lack of toxicity, as was observed from these extracts. These findings will help in assessing the safety measures to be considered in the use of these species and also the need to determine the cytotoxic potential of these species against various forms of human cancer cells. © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.	Antimutagenicity; Cytotoxicity; Mutagenicity; Podocarpus	plant extract; Podocarpus elongatus extract; Podocarpus falcatus extract; Podocarpus henkelii extract; Podocarpus latifolius extract; unclassified drug; animal experiment; article; bacterial strain; cell viability; concentration response; controlled study; cytotoxicity; drug isolation; human; human cell; male; medicinal plant; metabolic activation; mutagenicity; nonhuman; plant leaf; plant stem; Podocarpus; Podocarpus elongatus; Podocarpus falcatus; Podocarpus henkelii; Podocarpus latifolius; rat; Salmonella; Salmonella typhimurium; South Africa; Antimutagenic Agents; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Gymnosperms; Hep G2 Cells; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Medicine, African Traditional; Mutagens; Mutation; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Plant Stems; Salmonella typhimurium; South Africa; Afrocarpus falcatus; Animalia; Podocarpus; Podocarpus latifolius; Salmonella typhimurium	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84867237053	The design, synthesis, in silico ADME profiling, antiplasmodial and antimycobacterial evaluation of new arylamino quinoline derivatives	Tukulula M., Little S., Gut J., Rosenthal P.J., Wan B., Franzblau S.G., Chibale K.	2012	European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry	57	None	10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.08.047	Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of San Francisco, CA 94143, United States; Institute of Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612-7231, United States; Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	Tukulula, M., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Little, S., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; Gut, J., Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of San Francisco, CA 94143, United States; Rosenthal, P.J., Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of San Francisco, CA 94143, United States; Wan, B., Institute of Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612-7231, United States; Franzblau, S.G., Institute of Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612-7231, United States; Chibale, K., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	A series of new arylamino quinoline derivatives was designed based on the quinine and mefloquine scaffolds and evaluated in vitro for antiplasmodial and antimycobacterial activities. A number of these compounds exhibited significant activity against the drug-sensitive 3D7 and drug-resistant K1 strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Furthermore, two compounds, 4.12b and 4.12d, also showed 94 and 98% growth inhibitory activity against non-replicating and replicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains, respectively. © 2012 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.	Antimycobacterial; Antiplasmodial; Arylamino quinoline tetrazoles; Physico-chemical properties	4 [(1 tert butyl 1h tetrazol 5 yl)(piperidin 1 yl)methyl] 6 methoxyquinoline; antimalarial agent; n [(1 tert butyl 1h tetrazol 5 yl)(6 methoxyquinolin 4 yl)methyl] n ethylethanamine; quinoline derivative; tuberculostatic agent; unclassified drug; antibacterial activity; antiprotozoal activity; article; computer model; drug absorption; drug design; drug distribution; drug excretion; drug metabolism; drug structure; drug synthesis; electrospray mass spectrometry; growth inhibition; in vitro study; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; nonhuman; physical chemistry; Plasmodium falciparum; Aminoquinolines; Antiprotozoal Agents; Antitubercular Agents; Biological Assay; Blood-Brain Barrier; Computer Simulation; Drug Design; Erythrocytes; Humans; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Mefloquine; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Models, Biological; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Plasmodium falciparum; Quinine; Structure-Activity Relationship; Tetrazoles	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897035415	Evaluation of In-vitro anti-mycobacterial activity of selected medicinal plants in Mekelle, Ethiopia	Balcha E., Mengiste B., Gebrelibanos M., Worku A., Ameni G.	2014	World Applied Sciences Journal	31	6	10.5829/idosi.wasj.2014.31.06.517	Mekelle University, College of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box: 2084, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Mekelle University, College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box: 1871, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box: 1176, Ethiopia	Balcha, E., Mekelle University, College of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box: 2084, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Mengiste, B., Mekelle University, College of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box: 2084, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Gebrelibanos, M., Mekelle University, College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box: 1871, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Worku, A., Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box: 1176, Ethiopia; Ameni, G., Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box: 1176, Ethiopia	In the present study six medicinal plants: Allium ursinum (bulb), Anethum graveolens (areal part), Buddleja polystachia (leaf), Croton macrostachys (leaf), Dodonaea anguistifolia (leaf) and Pterolobium stellatum (leaf), which are traditionally used to treat TB and related symptoms in Northern part of Ethiopia, were selected for the study. Crude extracts were prepared from the selected species by maceration using 80% ethanol. Various concentrations (250 mg/ml, 500 mg/ml and 1000 mg/ml) of the extracts were then screened for anti-mycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strain using Micro plate Alamar Blue Assay (MABA). Various concentrations (1, 3, 6, 12.5, 25, 50, 125, 250, 500, 1000 mg/ml) of the extracts from the plant species that showed anti-mycobacterial activity were used to determine their respective Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs). Only three plants (A. ursinum, D. anguistifolia and P. stellatum) of the screened medicinal plants showed anti-mycobacterial activity. The MIC of A. ursinum and P. Stellatum extract was 250 mg/ml; while that of D. anguistifolia was 12.5 mg/ml. It can be concluded that the present study provided a scientific support for the traditional use of Allium ursinum, Dodonaea anguistifolia and Pterolobium stellatum for treatment of tuberculosis. © IDOSI Publications, 2014.	Anti-mycobacterial; Medicinal Plants; Minimum Inhibitory Concentration; Tuberculosis	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33847643731	Compositional evaluation of some dry season shrub and tree foliages in a transitionally vegetated zone of Nigeria	Ikhimioya I., Bamikole M.A., Omoregie A.U., Ikhatua U.J.	2007	Livestock Research for Rural Development	19	3	None	Department of Animal Science, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Department of Crop Science, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria	Ikhimioya, I., Department of Animal Science, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria; Bamikole, M.A., Department of Animal Science, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Omoregie, A.U., Department of Crop Science, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria; Ikhatua, U.J., Department of Animal Science, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	The proximate composition, cell wall and mineral contents, and the levels of some anti-nutrients were assessed in the foliages of Afzelia africana, Bambusa vulgaris, Chromolaena odorata, Mangifera indica and Newbouldia laevis. DM content ranged from 26.80% in Chromolaena odorata to 50.82% in Bambusa vulgaris. The leaves were generally high in CP which ranged from 15.13% in Mangifera indica to 29.85% in Afzelia africana. Gross energy in the foliages varied from 2.50 Kcal/g to 4.09 Kcal/g respectively in Mangifera indica and N. laevis. The highest value of NDF (54.38%) was recorded in Chromolaena odorata while Mangifera indica had the least value (42.40%). Mineral content analysis revealed that Afzelia africana contained the least content of Ca (0.31%) while Chromolaena odorata had the highest (1.52%). Chromolaena odorata also recorded the highest P content (0.39%) and the least was in Mangifera indica (0.20%). Sodium content varied from 0.39% in Chromolaena odorata to 0.14% in Afzelia africana. The lowest content of Cu (5.26ppm) was recorded in Newbouldia laevis while the highest value of 91.76ppm was from Chromolaena odorata. The concentration of Zn varied from 46.60ppm in Bambusa vulgaris to 277.88ppm in Chromolaena odorata. Among the anti-nutrient contents examined, the haemaglutinnin value was least in Chromolaena odorata(9.72mg/g) and highest in Newbouldia laevis(20.84mg/g). Phytic acid varied from 0.45% in Afzelia africana to 4.88% in Mangifera indica, while tannin content ranged between 0.17% in Afzelia africana and 3.51% in Mangifera indica. The implication of the results is that, based on the observed nutritional compositions and ready availability of the foliages, especially in the dry season when the quality of available grasses drops, they showed promise of being adequate for the supplementation of ruminants' diets.	Anti-nutrient; Cell wall; Foliages; Mineral; Nigeria; Proximate composition; Transitional vegetation zone	Afzelia africana; Bambusa; Bambusa vulgaris; Bovidae; Chromolaena; Chromolaena odorata; Mangifera indica; Newbouldia laevis; Poaceae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84923919095	Effect of Moringa oleifera leaf meal on finisher pig growth performance, meat quality, shelf life and fatty acid composition of pork	Mukumbo F.E., Maphosa V., Hugo A., Nkukwana T.T., Mabusela T.P., Muchenje V.	2014	South African Journal of Animal Sciences	44	4	10.4314/sajas.v44i4.9	Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, P/Bag X1314, Alice, South Africa; Department of Microbial Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, South Africa	Mukumbo, F.E., Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, P/Bag X1314, Alice, South Africa; Maphosa, V., Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, P/Bag X1314, Alice, South Africa; Hugo, A., Department of Microbial Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Nkukwana, T.T., Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, P/Bag X1314, Alice, South Africa; Mabusela, T.P., Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, P/Bag X1314, Alice, South Africa; Muchenje, V., Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, P/Bag X1314, Alice, South Africa	The effect of dietary inclusion of Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) on the feed conversion ratio (FCR) of finisher pigs, physico-chemical meat quality, fatty acid (FA) composition and shelf life of pork was investigated. A six-week feeding trial was conducted with 24 Large White x Landrace gilts aged 14 weeks. Each pig was housed individually and randomly allocated to one of four dietary treatments, containing 0%, 2.5%, 5% or 7.5% MOLM, with six replicates per treatment. Feed intake was measured daily, pig liveweight was measured weekly, and average daily gains (ADGs) and FCR were calculated. Pigs were slaughtered at 20 weeks old and measurements of backfat thickness, pH45min and pH24h were taken. Muscularis longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle samples from each carcass were analysed for physico-chemical quality. Muscle, subcutaneous fat and feed samples were analysed for FA composition and health lipid indices of atherogenicity (AI) and thrombogenicity (IT) were calculated. A 10-day shelf-life study was conducted, during which instrumental and sensory meat colour and odour were assessed. Pigs fed 7.5% MOLM had significantly higher average daily feed intakes (3.56 kg/day) than pigs fed 0%, 2.5% and 5% MOLM (3.05, 3.14 and 3.07 kg/day, respectively). The FCR of pigs fed 0%, 2.5% and 5% MOLM did not differ significantly (3.34, 3.44 and 3.22, respectively). However, the FCR of pigs fed 7.5% MOLM was significantly poorer (3.78). No significant differences were observed for carcass and physico-chemical quality traits. MOLM inclusion improved shelf life, as meat samples from MOLM-fed pigs exhibited significantly prolonged acceptability of colour and odour during 10 days of refrigerated storage. Although the n-6: n-3 FA ratios of the dietary treatments containing MOLM were significantly improved (T1 = 35.45, T2 = 22.08, T3 = 14.24, T4 = 15.90), no significant differences were observed for this ratio in the fat composition of the meat or subcutaneous fat samples between treatments. A significant reduction in intramuscular fat and stearic acid content was observed with increasing levels of MOLM. However, all other FA profiles, ratios and health lipid indices did not differ significantly across treatments. In conclusion, up to 5% MOLM may be included in finisher pig feed with no negative effect on feed conversion efficiency, carcass and meat quality traits, and may improve shelf life of pork. However, inclusion levels of 7.5% MOLM may lower FCR. The MOLM inclusion significantly improved the FA composition of the feed, but did not produce the desired improvements in FA composition of meat, probably because of the prominence of fat deposition by de novo lipogenesis in finisher pigs rather than direct incorporation of dietary fatty acids.	anti-nutrient factors; fatty acid ratios; Moringa oleifera; pork colour; pork odour	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928974435	Nutritional evaluation of some legumes and vegetables cultivated and consumed in Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria	Sarkiyayi S., Hamman B.M.	2015	Advance Journal of Food Science and Technology	7	9	None	Department of Biochemistry, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria	Sarkiyayi, S., Department of Biochemistry, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria; Hamman, B.M., Department of Biochemistry, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria	The study was designed to evaluate the nutritional and anti-nutritional content Legumes and vegetables consumed in Adamawa state. The investigations were carried out on Proximate (Moisture, fibre, Ash, Protein, Nitrogen, fat, carbohydrate and Energy), mineral elements (Na, K, Zn, Cu, Pb and Mn, respectively). Vitamins (vitamin A (retinol), β-carotene, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin B<inf>1</inf> and Vitamin B<inf>2</inf> and Anti-ntrient composition (phytate, oxalate and Tannins). The percentage moisture ranges between 4.28% for baobab leaves to 12.78% in sesame leaves. Legumes contained higher protein contents, the highest was observed in legumes (ground nut) with 25.40% the percentage for fat and carbohydrates were higher in legumes than in vegetables. Zinc was higher in vegetables (senna leaves and sesame leaves) (5.90 mg/kg) and was absent in one of the legumes (cowpea, red). Lead was only detected in vegetable leaves. It was higher in Sesame leaves with 2.0 mg/kg, lead was not detected in all the other sample used for this research. Vitamin A was only detected in vegetable samples and some legume (cowpea), the values ranges between 7.46 to 37.42 μg/100 g in senna leaves and cowpea (red) respectively. Vitamin C was not detected in the vegetable samples, but was detected in legume samples. Vitamin B<inf>1</inf> is higher in vegetable samples (baobab) with 1.32 mg/100 g. Riboflavin (B<inf>2</inf>) was higher in sesame leaves with 1.01 mg/100 g. The values for phytate ranges between 0.03 mg/100 g in baobab and sesame leaves condiment sample to 5.33 mg/100 g in legume (cowpea, red) respectively. Legumes and vegetables investigated revealed that the anti-nutrient contents were very high especially Oxalate and tannins but lower in phytate. © Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2015.	Anti-nutrient; Legumes; Mineral elements; Proximate composition; Vegetables; Vitamins	Carbohydrates; Flavonoids; Lead; Manganese; Minerals; Moisture; Nutrients; Oxalic acid; Proteins; Tannins; Vitamins; Zinc; Anti-nutritional; Legumes; Mineral element; Nutrient contents; Nutritional evaluations; Protein contents; Proximate compositions; Vegetable samples; Vegetables	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84885032473	Evaluation of phytochemical composition and antimicrobial activity of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) leaf	Mbaeyi-Nwaoha I.E., Emejulu V.N.	2013	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	12	6	None	Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Mbaeyi-Nwaoha, I.E., Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Emejulu, V.N., Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Sweet Potato Leave (SPL) powder and its peptone, ethanol and water extracts were subjected to proximate, phytochemical, anti-nutrient and antimicrobial analysis. The results of proximate analysis revealed the presence of high carbohydrate (43.971±0.019-56.472±0.009%) and crude protein (16.497±0.003-28.163±0.003%). The sweet potato leaves powder and the extracts also contain moisture (3.603±0.004-16.921±0.008%), ash (5.563±0.004-10.414±0.007%), fat (0.208±0.007-14.264±0.002%) and fibre (0.244±0.003-2.764±0.003%), respectively. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of bioactive compounds in the SPL powder and its extracts namely; tannins, alkaloids, steroids, glycosides, saponins, flavonoids and soluble carbohydrates. The SPL powder had the highest content of these bioactive compounds with alkaloid having the highest value of 3.784±0.007mg/100g, followed by flavonoid (3.357±0.006mg/100g) and steroid had the lowest value (0.393±0.003mg/100g). The extracts had highest content of flavonoid ranging between 2.762±0.008 and 3.355±0.004 mg/100g and least content of steroid ranging between 0.357±0.002 and 0.375±0.003mg/100g. The anti-nutrient analysis indicated the content of very high amount of oxalate ranging between 1.664±0.004 and 6.254±0.004% in the four samples. They contained lower amounts of phytate (3.897±0.003 to 5.933±0.003mg/100g), cyanide (0.353±0.003 to 1.444±0.004mg/100g) and tannin (5.527±0.002 to 9.010±0.002mg/100g). The antimicrobial activity of the peptone, water and ethanol extracts was tested against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium spp., Pseudomonas aeroginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia. The water extract showed the best antimicrobial activity by inhibiting the growth of all the organisms except E. coli and Penicillium spp at different concentrations of the extract. While the ethanol and peptone extracts only had a minimal activity against Salmonella typhi. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2013.	Anti-nutrients; Antimicrobial activity; Bioactive compounds ethanol extract; Peptone extracts; Phytochemical screening; Sweet potato leave powder water extract	alcohol; alkaloid; antiinfective agent; carbohydrate; cyanide; flavonoid; glycoside; oxalic acid; peptone; phytate; plant extract; protein; saponin; steroid; sweet potato extract; tannin derivative; unclassified drug; water; antimicrobial activity; article; ash; Aspergillus niger; bacterial growth; biochemical composition; carbohydrate analysis; controlled study; Escherichia coli; fat content; fiber crop; food poisoning; growth inhibition; Klebsiella pneumoniae; lipid analysis; nonhuman; Penicillium; phytochemistry; plant leaf; powder; protein content; protein determination; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Salmonella typhi; Soxhlet extraction; Staphylococcus aureus; sweet potato	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67650222408	Nutritive and anti-nutritive evaluation of wonderful kola (Buccholzia coricea) seeds	Amaechi N.C.	2009	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	8	8	10.3923/pjn.2009.1120.1122	Department of Food Science and Technology, Abia State University, P.M.B. 7010, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria	Amaechi, N.C., Department of Food Science and Technology, Abia State University, P.M.B. 7010, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria	Levels of some nutrients, anti-nutrients and dietary fibre of wonderful kola (Buccholzia coricea) seeds were determined using standard analytical methods. Crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre, ash, carbohydrate, moisture contents and calorific values were 13.28%, 2.50%, 1.70%, 4.53%, 77.18%, 1.34%, and 384.33% Kcal, respectively. The total, insoluble and soluble dietary fibre contents were found to be 11.77%, 11.09%, and 0.68%, respectively. Elemental analysis of the seeds indicated that the dried seeds contained magnesium (1.58%), sodium (1.20ppm), potassium (1.26ppm), phosphorus (0.18mg/g) and calcium (0.17%). Anti-nutrient composition of saponin, oxalates, tannins and phytates in mg/100g. The values were 4.03±0.26, 1.06±0.04, 0.11±0.004 and 3.18±0.01, respectively, while trypsin inhibitor was 0.53±0.07 TIU. These results reveal that these seeds contain appreciable amounts of nutrients especially carbohydrates and proteins with good caloric value and low levels of toxicants and should be included in human diets to supplement our daily allowance needed by the body. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2009.	Anti-nutrients; Buccholzia coricea; Dietary fibre; Nutrients	calcium; carbohydrate; fat; magnesium; oxalic acid derivative; phosphorus; phytate; potassium; saponin; tannin derivative; trypsin inhibitor; vegetable protein; article; Buccholzia coricea; calorie; Cola; dietary fiber; food analysis; food composition; nonhuman; nutrient concentration; nutrient content; nutritional assessment; nutritional value; phytochemistry; plant seed	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-10244219995	Studies of the chemical composition and protein quality evaluation of differently processed Canavalia ensiformis and Mucuna pruriens seed flours	Agbede J.O., Aletor V.A.	2005	Journal of Food Composition and Analysis	18	1	10.1016/j.jfca.2003.10.011	Division of Nutritional Biochemistry, Dept. of Animal Production/Health, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	Agbede, J.O., Division of Nutritional Biochemistry, Dept. of Animal Production/Health, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Aletor, V.A., Division of Nutritional Biochemistry, Dept. of Animal Production/Health, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	Differently processed seed flours of Canavalia ensiformis and Mucuna pruriens were characterized with respect to their proximate composition, gross energy, mineral and amino acid contents. The anti-nutrients typified by phytin, lectin, trypsin inhibitor activity (TIA), tannin and cyanide were also quantified and this was followed by protein quality evaluation with the rat. The result showed that C. ensiformis contained on the average: crude protein 24.2±2.2, ash 3.1±0.6 and ether extract 11.1±0.9 g/100 g DM while M. pruriens contained on the average: CP 25.7±1.4, ash 4.1±1.4 and EE 9.6±2.8 g/100 g DM. The gross energy varied from 1.65 to 2.07 MJ/100 g for C. ensiformis with a coefficient of variation (CV) of 6.74% while it varied from 1.66 to 2.07 MJ/100 g with a CV of 6.19% for M. pruriens due to processing. The seed flours contained a good array of amino acids but were low in cystine and methionine. Also the two flours contained appreciable levels of Na, K, Ca, Mg and P as well as some minor minerals such as Zn, Mn, Fe and Cu. The levels of these minerals were higher in the raw flours and tended to be low, in most cases, in dehulled flours. Processing significantly reduced and in some cases eliminated the anti-nutrients quantified. The protein quality evaluation of the legume seeds clearly indicated their unsuitability even in the processed forms, as sole sources of dietary protein in human nutrition. However, given their high yield potentials these seeds could play valuable roles as supplemental nutrient sources to some farm products used in food formulation for man in most developing countries where hunger is endemic. © 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	Anti-nutrients; Canavalia Ensiformis; Mucuna pruriens; Nutrient; Processing	calcium; copper; cyanide; cysteine; iron; lectin; magnesium; manganese; methionine; phosphorus; potassium; sodium; tannin; trypsin inhibitor; zinc; amino acid analysis; amino acid composition; article; Canavalia; chemical composition; chemical procedures; controlled study; cooking; flour; food composition; food processing; high performance liquid chromatography; nonhuman; plant seed; protein quality; statistical analysis; statistical significance; velvet bean; Canavalia; Canavalia ensiformis; Fraxinus; Mucuna; Mucuna pruriens	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34548558974	Nutritional evaluation, functional properties and anti-nutritional factors of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, an underutilized animal	Omotoso O.T., Afolabi O.	2007	Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research	50	2	None	Department of Zoology, University of Ado-Ekiti, P.M.B. 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria	Omotoso, O.T., Department of Zoology, University of Ado-Ekiti, P.M.B. 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria; Afolabi, O., Department of Zoology, University of Ado-Ekiti, P.M.B. 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria	The proximate, nutritionally valuable minerals, functional and anti-nutritional factors of Macrobrachium rosenbergii were determined in the laboratory for human consumption. Results indicated a high protein content (68.88 ± 0.56%), ash (15.33 ±0.14%), moisture (9.37 ±0.03%), fat (5.36 ±0.01%) and carbohydrate (1.06 ±0.00%), while fibre was not detected. Protein solubility was pH dependent with minimum and maximum protein solubilities at pH 2, pH 6 and pH 11. Nutritionally valuable mineral analyses showed that M. rosenbergii contains phosphorus (126.18 ±0.032 mg/100 g), magnesium (86.44 ±0.10 mg/100 g), potassium (64.24 ±0.20 mg/100 g), sodium (57.53 ±0.15 mg/100 g), calcium (49.54 ±0.11 mg/100 g), iron (7.20 ±0.02 mg/100 g), manganese (0.89 ±0.01 mg/100 g) and zinc (0.69 ±0.01 mg/100 g). Copper, cobalt, lead, nickel and chromium were not detected. The sample had a minimum gelation concentration of (8.5 ±0.10%), water absorption capacity (345.00 ±0.30%), oil absorption capacity (521.36 ±0.12%), foaming capacity (15.00 ±0.05%), foaming stability (2.20 ±0.01%, emulsion capacity (22.62 ±0.03%) and emulsion stability (45.50 ± 0.15). Three anti-nutrients were determined: phytic acid was 4.00 ±0.01 mg/100 g, oxalate 1.05 ±0.00 mg/100 g while tannin was not detected.	Anti-nutrients; Functional properties; M. rosenbergii; Protein solubility; Proximate composition	carbohydrate; crustacean; fat; laboratory method; mineral; moisture; nutritive value; protein; solubility; Animalia; Macrobrachium rosenbergii	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77957985835	Biochemical evaluation of combined state fermentation of Canavalia ensiformis (L.) using mixed cultures	Gabriel-Ajobiewe R.A.O.	2011	Research Journal of Microbiology	6	2	10.3923/jm.2011.105.114	Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Nigeria	Gabriel-Ajobiewe, R.A.O., Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Nigeria	This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of mixed cultures on the nutritional and antinutritional content of combined fermented jack beans. The combined role played by individually selected microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) involved in the natural fermentation of jack beans, under controlled environment was investigated. One hundred gramme of ground, samples were inoculated with the mixed cultures under aseptic condition using 1 mL of each inoculum and fermentation allowed to take place under controlled environment of temperature of 40°C for the liquid state fermentation (with bacteria being the inoculum) for 7 days. Thereafter the fungi were inoculated aseptically for the commencement of the solid state phase of the combined fermentation for another 7 days at the temperature of 30°C. The inocula range between 3-7 species in number. Physical sensory changes, fermentation parameters, proximate and antinutritional composition were determined during fermentation. The total titratable acidity values of the multiple starter culture fermenting substrates increased from 0.04-0.43%. While the pH values decreased from 6.5 to 4.3. The higher the number of species used as inoculums, the more acceptable the fermented samples (in terms of sensory properties). Irrespective of the number of species used in the fermentation, there was a significant increase in the crude protein from 26.20-39.82 g/100 g, while the fat (11.95-4.33 g/00 g) and ash content (3.50-2.23 g/100 g) shows a decrease in comparison with the control. The mineral composition showed a significant increase in magnesium (30.07 to 46.77 mg g -1), sodium (18.51 to 34.34 mg g -1), potassium (23.51 to 40.88 mg g -1) and iron (0.00 to 0.08 mg g -1) when compared with the control. Of all the antinutrient content analysed, only phytate (58.66 to 5.08 g/100 g) and canavanine (0.79 to 0.40 mg g -1) has significant decrease in comparison with the control. Hence, it can be deduce from this work that the use of multiple starter culture in combined fermentation can be used to improve the nutritional content of Canavalia ensiformis L. © 2011, Academic Journals Inc.	Antinutritional composition; Bacterial; Fermentation; Fungal isolates; Nutritional	Bacteria (microorganisms); Canavalia; Canavalia ensiformis; Fungi	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80455158232	Evaluation of dehulled faba bean (Vicia faba cv. Fiord) as a protein source for laying hens	Magoda S.F., Gous R.M.	2011	South African Journal of Animal Sciences	41	2	None	Animal and Poultry Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/B X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa	Magoda, S.F., Animal and Poultry Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/B X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Gous, R.M., Animal and Poultry Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/B X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa	Dehulled faba beans were evaluated as an alternative to soybeans as a protein source for laying hens using 240 individually caged birds, 50 weeks of age. Two basal feeds were formulated to the same nutrient specifications but with one containing no faba beans and the other containing 200 g dehulled faba bean meal/kg. The experiment was divided into two parts: a dilution series, and a choice feeding treatment. The dilution series consisted of increasing concentrations of faba beans, the five levels in the series being 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 g/kg of food. The sixth treatment was a choice between the two basal feeds. Although food intake increased linearly with faba bean inclusion, reflecting a need by the hens to consume more in an attempt to obtain sufficient of some unidentified limiting nutrient, laying performance was the same on all feeds in the dilution series. Hens consumed the same amount of each basal feed when given a choice between the two, suggesting that no anti-nutritional factors were present in the faba beans used in this trial. It can be concluded, from a nutritional point of view, that dehulled faba bean meal may be used successfully as an alternative to soybeans as a source of amino acids for laying hens as long as the levels of antinutritional factors present are very low, as was the case in this trial, and as long as accurate estimates of the AME and the digestible amino acid contents of the ingredient are used when formulating feeds containing faba beans. If faba beans can be grown and then used locally in areas unsuitable for soybean production, the reduced transport cost could make this an attractive alternative to soybeans.	Anti-nutritional factors; Choice feeding; Protein sources	Aves; Glycine max; Vicia faba	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34250774462	Effect of duration of cooking of Lablab purpureus beans on the performance organ weight and haematological parameters of Shika-brown pullet chicks	Abeke F.O., Ogundipe S.O., Oladele S., Sekoni A.A., Dafwang I.I., Adeyinka I.A., Oni O.O., Abeke A.	2007	Journal of Biological Sciences	7	3	None	National Animal Production Institute, ABU, Zaria, Nigeria; Faculty of Veterinary Teaching Hospital ABU, Zaria, Nigeria; National Agric. Extension and Research Liaison Services, ABU, Zaria, Nigeria	Abeke, F.O., National Animal Production Institute, ABU, Zaria, Nigeria; Ogundipe, S.O., National Animal Production Institute, ABU, Zaria, Nigeria; Oladele, S., Faculty of Veterinary Teaching Hospital ABU, Zaria, Nigeria; Sekoni, A.A., National Animal Production Institute, ABU, Zaria, Nigeria; Dafwang, I.I., National Agric. Extension and Research Liaison Services, ABU, Zaria, Nigeria; Adeyinka, I.A., National Animal Production Institute, ABU, Zaria, Nigeria; Oni, O.O., National Animal Production Institute, ABU, Zaria, Nigeria; Abeke, A., National Animal Production Institute, ABU, Zaria, Nigeria	The effect of duration of cooking of Lablab purpureus beans on the performance, organ weight and haematological parameters of Shika-brown pullet chicks from 0-8 weeks was investigated. Eight dietary treatments of which seven in which Lablab purpureus beans cooked for 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 min) was included and a control (Corn-Soyacake-Groundnut-cake based diet) were formulated. These were replicated three times with 25 birds per replicate in a complete randomized design. The birds were managed under the deep litter system. Results obtained showed that cooking time had significant (p<0.05) improvement on performance characteristics such as final weight, weight gain, feed conversion efficiency and percent mortality. Organ weights such as the liver, the heart and the pancreas decreased as the duration of cooking increased while haematological parameters such as the Total Protein (TP), the Packed Cell Volume (PCV) and the Haemoglobin (Hb) increased slightly, (although not significantly) in the blood up to about 30 min of cooking before decreasing as the duration of cooking continued to increase. These observations are indications that higher durations of cooking up to about 30 min render the nutrients in the raw lablab seeds more available for utilization by the birds. © 2007 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Antinutritional factors; Cooking duration; Haematological parameters; Lablab beans organ weights; Pullet chicks	hemoglobin; plasma protein; animal experiment; animal food; article; bean; blood volume; chick; cooking; corn; erythrocyte concentrate; food analysis; food processing; heart weight; hematological parameters; hemoglobin blood level; liver weight; mortality; nonhuman; nutritional value; organ weight; pancreas; peanut; plant seed; protein blood level; soybean; time; weight gain; Aves; Lablab; Lablab purpureus; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80455125989	Evaluation of faba bean (Vicia faba cv. Fiord) as a protein source for broilers	Gous R.M.	2011	South African Journal of Animal Sciences	41	2	None	Animal and Poultry Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa	Gous, R.M., Animal and Poultry Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa	An experiment was conducted, using 960 sexed broiler chicks between 7 and 21 d of age, to measure their response to increasing contents of faba bean in the feed. The experimental design consisted of two sexes, six levels of faba bean (0 to 250 g/kg feed), two feed forms (mash and pellets) and two levels of methionine supplementation (0 and 1.5 g DL methionine/kg feed). Each treatment was replicated twice, using 96 pens and 10 chicks per pen. The responses were the same between sexes and between methionine levels. Where feeds were offered in a mash form, growth rate and feed conversion efficiency (FCE) declined linearly, and food intake increased linearly, with increasing faba bean content, but when the feeds were pelleted, performance was the same on all levels of faba bean, suggesting that heat generated during the pelleting process may have destroyed some heat labile anti-nutritional factor present in the faba bean. As most broiler feeds are pelleted, it would appear that faba beans could be used successfully as an alternative protein source in feeds for broilers, up to an inclusion level of 250 g/kg, when geographic, agronomic and economic conditions favour the use of these beans.	Anti-nutritional factors; Dilution trial; Feed form	Vicia faba	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897585604	Evaluation of fermented mango (Mangifera indica) seed meal in the practical diet of nile tilapia, (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings [Upotreba sjemena fermentiranog manga (mangifera indica) u hranidbi mlad{stroke}itilapije (Oreochromis niloticus)]	Obasa S.O., Alatise S.P., Omoniyi I.T., Alegbeleye W.O., George F.A.	2013	Ribarstvo, Croatian Journal of Fisheries	71	3	10.14798/71.3.660	Federal University of Agriculture, Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, P. M. B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; National Institute of Freshwater Research, New Busa, Niger State, Nigeria	Obasa, S.O., Federal University of Agriculture, Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, P. M. B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Alatise, S.P., National Institute of Freshwater Research, New Busa, Niger State, Nigeria; Omoniyi, I.T., Federal University of Agriculture, Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, P. M. B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Alegbeleye, W.O., Federal University of Agriculture, Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, P. M. B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; George, F.A., Federal University of Agriculture, Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, P. M. B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	This study evaluated the use of fermented mango (Mangifera indica) seed meal (FMS) to substitute yellow maize in the practical diet for Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings (4.76±0.32 g). Five iso-nitrogeneous (35% crude protein) and approximately iso-energetic (3400 ME Kcal/kg) dietsin which yellow maize was replaced by FMSat 0% (FMS0/Control diet), 25% (FMS25), 50% (FMS50), 75% (FMS75) and 100% (FMS100) levels were formulated. The fish were fed on the diets at 5% body weight for 84 days. Alkaloids were mghest (2.32%) among the anti-nutritional factors analyzed in FMS, while oxalate (0.84%) was lowest. Potassium was highest (8.91 mg/g) among the minerals, while copper was lowest (0.01 mg/g). Weight gain, specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio were similar (p>0.05) in fish fed diets FMS0 and FMS50. The fish fed diet FMS0 had the highest protein efficiency ratio (1.88). Protein digestibility decreased (p<0.05) as dietary FMS increased, while carbohydrate digestibility gave an inverse relationship. Results obtained show that FMS could replace yellow maize at 50% level without affecting growth, nutrient utilization and apparent protein digestibility in diets for Nile tilapia fingerlings.	Anti-nutritional factors; Fermentation; Mango seed; Nile tilapia; Nutrient digestibility	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349573350	Evaluation of the phytochemical content of some edible grains marketed in Nigeria	Odoemelam S.A., Osu C.I.	2009	E-Journal of Chemistry	6	4	None	Department of Chemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P.M.B 7267, Nigeria	Odoemelam, S.A., Department of Chemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P.M.B 7267, Nigeria; Osu, C.I., Department of Chemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P.M.B 7267, Nigeria	Five food grains (groundnut, millet, wheat, guinea corn and breadfruit) commonly consumed in Nigeria were evaluated for their phytochemical contents. The results revealed that the grains contained 0.60-1.24% alkaloid, 0.82-2.27% flavonoid, 0.03-0.05% saponin, 0.50-0.60% tannins, 2.40-2.80% phenols and 0.17-0.30% phytic acid. Dietary implications of these constituents are highlighted.	Anti-nutritional factors; Food; Grains; Phytochemicals	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80455174106	Nutritional evaluation of dehulled faba bean (Vicia faba cv. Fiord) in feeds for weaner pigs	Emiola I.A., Gous R.M.	2011	South African Journal of Animal Sciences	41	2	None	Animal and Poultry Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/B X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Department of Animal Production and Health, PMB 4000, 038, Ogbomoso, Nigeria	Emiola, I.A., Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Department of Animal Production and Health, PMB 4000, 038, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Gous, R.M., Animal and Poultry Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/B X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa	The objective of this experiment was to determine whether faba bean could successfully be used in feeds for weaner pigs in the period 10 to 25 kg liveweight. An experiment was conducted using 48 weaner pigs (average weight 10 ± 0.42 kg) to determine the nutritive value of dehulled faba bean meal (Vicia faba cv. Fiord) in comparison with full-fat soy. Two basal feeds were formulated, the first containing no faba bean but with full-fat soy (FFS) as the protein source, while the second contained 300 g faba bean/kg feed (FB). These feeds were blended to produce a series of five feeds (T1 to T5) containing a range of faba bean contents. In addition, a choice feeding treatment was included in the experiment to determine whether pigs showed preferences for or against faba bean. The experimental feeds were: 1) 1.0 FFS; 2) 0.75 FFS + 0.25 FB; 3) 0.5 FFS + 0.5 FB; 4) 0.25 FFS + 0.75FB; 5) 1.0 FB and 6) choice between FFS and FB. Feeds were formulated to meet or exceed NRC (1998) nutrient requirements of weaner pigs. Diluting full-fat soya with dehulled faba bean meal had no effect on growth rate (ADG), feed intake (ADFI), feed conversion efficiency (FCE) or time taken to attain final weight. Male pigs had a numerically higher ADFI (1150 vs. 992 g/d) and ADG (553 vs. 539 g/d) than females, and reached the final liveweight on average 3 d before the females. When given a choice between the two basal feeds, no preference was shown for either feed. It may be concluded that a feed for weaner pigs may contain as much as 300 g dehulled faba bean/kg without causing any deleterious effects on performance as long as the quality of the faba beans is the same as that used in this trial.	Anti-nutritional factors; Growth response; Protein sources	Glycine max; Suidae; Vicia faba	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878515033	Effect of sun-dried, soaked and cooked wild cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta) meal on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of broilers	Adejoro F.A., Ijadunola T.I., Odetola O.M., Omoniyi B.A.	2013	Livestock Research for Rural Development	25	6	None	Federal University, Oye Ekiti, Ikole Campus, Nigeria; Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, Ibadan, Nigeria	Adejoro, F.A., Federal University, Oye Ekiti, Ikole Campus, Nigeria; Ijadunola, T.I., Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, Ibadan, Nigeria; Odetola, O.M., Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, Ibadan, Nigeria; Omoniyi, B.A., Federal University, Oye Ekiti, Ikole Campus, Nigeria	This study was carried out to determine the performance of broilers fed diets containing wild cocoyam meal (WCM) using sun drying, soaking or cooking as processing methods to improve its nutritive value as a replacement for maize in broiler diets. Seven experimental diets were formulated with diet 1 (control) containing 0% WCM, while diets 2 to 7 contained sun dried (Su), soaked (So) or cooked (Co) wild cocoyam meal each at 10% and 20% inclusion levels respectively. Two hundred and fifty two (252) one-day old broiler chicks sourced from a commercial hatchery were allocated into 7 treatments of 12 birds in 3 replicates in a completely randomised design and dietary treatment lasting 56days. Soaking and cooking significantly reduced the anti-nutritional factors in wild cocoyam meal better than sun drying. Final body weight, average weight gain and average daily weight gain were significantly different (P&lt;0.05) among the treatments. Control, So10, Co10 and Co20 showed better utilisation of feed than Su10, Su20 and So20. However, total feed consumption and average daily feed intake were not significantly different among the treatments. There were no significant differences in the overall carcass characteristics between the control diets and the varying levels of inclusion. It can be concluded that soaking and cooking were adequate to remove toxic phytochemicals in wild cocoyam meal to tolerable levels for broiler diets and inclusion up to 20% is advisable. At this level, growth and carcass characteristics were not significantly affected compared to the control diet. However, sun drying may be used as a treatment method when inclusion level is limited to 10% of total ration.	Anti-nutritional factors; Oxalate; Tannins; Taro; Toxicity	Aves; Colocasia esculenta; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650361088	Evaluation of Antioxidant Potential of Melanthera scandens	Adesegun S.A., Alabi S.O., Olabanji P.T., Coker H.A.B.	2010	JAMS Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies	3	4	10.1016/S2005-2901(10)60047-7	Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria	Adesegun, S.A., Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Alabi, S.O., Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Olabanji, P.T., Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Coker, H.A.B., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria	A methanol extract of dried leaves of Melanthera scandens was examined for antioxidant activities using a variety of assays, including 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, reducing power, ferrous chelating, and ferric thiocyanate methods with ascorbic acid and EDTA as positive controls. The extract showed noticeable activities in most of these in vitro tests. The amount of phenolic compounds in the extract expressed in gallic acid equivalent was found to be 52.8 mg/g. The extract demonstrated inhibition of linoleic acid lipid peroxidation, active reducing power, and DPPH radical scavenging activities which were less than that of the positive controls. The extract also showed weaker iron chelating effect when compared with the EDTA positive control. The present results showed that M. scandens leaf extract possessed antioxidant properties and this plant is a potential useful source of natural antioxidants. © 2010 Korean Pharmacopuncture Institute.	Antioxidant activities; Lipid peroxidation; Melanthera scandens; Radical scavengindg; Reducing power	1,1 diphenyl 2 picrylhydrazyl; ascorbic acid; edetic acid; gallic acid; herbaceous agent; linoleic acid; melanthera scandens extract; scavenger; unclassified drug; antioxidant activity; article; controlled study; drug determination; herb; in vitro study; iron chelation; lipid peroxidation; melanthera scandens; nonhuman; plant leaf; priority journal; Asteraceae; Free Radical Scavengers; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79251520952	Evaluation of in-vitro antioxidant activities of methanol extracts of Persea americana and Cnidosculus aconitifolius	Asaolu M.F., Asaolu S.S., Fakunle J.B., Emman-Okon B.O., Ajayi E.O., Togun R.A.	2010	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	9	11	10.3923/pjn.2010.1074.1077	Department of Biochemistry, University of Ado-Ekiti, P.M.B. 5363, Ado- Ekiti, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, University of Ado-Ekiti, P.M.B. 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Department of Chemical Pathology, Obafemi Awolowo University, lle-lfe, Nigeria; Depar	Asaolu, M.F., Department of Biochemistry, University of Ado-Ekiti, P.M.B. 5363, Ado- Ekiti, Nigeria; Asaolu, S.S., Department of Chemistry, University of Ado-Ekiti, P.M.B. 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Fakunle, J.B., Department of Chemical Pathology, Obafemi Awolowo University, lle-lfe, Nigeria; Emman-Okon, B.O., Department of Chemical Pathology, Obafemi Awolowo University, lle-lfe, Nigeria; Ajayi, E.O., Department of Chemical Pathology, Obafemi Awolowo University, lle-lfe, Nigeria; Togun, R.A., Department of Heamatology and Immunology, Obafemi Awolowo University, lle-lfe, Nigeria	The present study was undertaken to investigate the antioxidant activities of Persea americana and Cnidosculous aconitifolius. The in-vitro antioxidant activity of the methanol extracts of the leaves of Persea americana and Cnidosculous aconitifolius was evaluated using various experimental methods such as 1,1- diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide and reducing power radical- scavenging activity assay. Phytochemical screening as well as the amounts of total phenol and flavonoids were also determined. The present study revealed that both the methanol extracts of the leaves of Persea americana and Cni dosculous aconitifolius possess significant antioxidant activities. However, Persea americana was found to have higher radical scavenging activity than Cnidosculous aconitifolius but the phenol content of Cnidosculous aconitifolius was higher than that of Persea americana whereas Persea americana was observed to possess more flavonoids than Cnidosculous aconitifolius. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2010.	Antioxidant activities; Methanol extracts; Phytochemical screening; Radical-scavenging activity	1,1 diphenyl 2 picrylhydrazyl; alkaloid; anthraquinone derivative; antioxidant; ascorbic acid; cardenolide derivative; Cnidosculous aconitifolius extract; flavonoid; glycoside; nitric oxide; Persea americana extract; phenol; phlobatannin derivative; plant extract; quercetin; saponin derivative; steroid; tannin derivative; triterpene derivative; unclassified drug; antioxidant activity; article; avocado; Cnidosculous aconitifolius; controlled study; drug isolation; drug screening; enzyme inhibition; in vitro study; medicinal plant; nonhuman; phytochemistry; plant leaf; scavenging system; Cnidosculus; Persea americana	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960718676	Evaluation of hypolipidemic and potential antioxidant effects of Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (l) mill sp.) leaves in alloxan-induced hyperglycemic rats	Akinloye O.A., Solanke O.O.	2011	Journal of Medicinal Plants Research	5	12	None	Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun-State, Nigeria	Akinloye, O.A., Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun-State, Nigeria; Solanke, O.O., Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun-State, Nigeria	Antioxidant and hypolipidemic activity of the methanolic leaf extract from Cajanus cajan was carried out in alloxan induced hyperglycemic rats. A significant (p<0.05) reduction in the levels of blood glucose, serum triglyceride, cholesterol, high density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein cholesterol was observed in the hyperglycemic-extract treated rats. The administration of the extract (200 mg/kg) also caused a reduction in urea, creatinine and malondialdehyde levels in hyperglycemic rats. The extract was found to be able bring about 34.4 and 32.16% decrease in the activities of ALT and AST respectively in the hyperglycemic-treated rats compared to untreated group. Antioxidant activity of the extract was also confirmed through in vitro studies. © 2011 Academic Journals.	Antioxidant activity; Cajanus cajan; Hypolipidemic effect	alanine aminotransferase; alloxan; antioxidant; aspartate aminotransferase; Cajanus cajan extract; creatinine; glibenclamide; glucose; high density lipoprotein cholesterol; low density lipoprotein cholesterol; malonaldehyde; plant extract; triacylglycerol; unclassified drug; urea; animal experiment; animal model; antioxidant activity; article; cholesterol blood level; controlled study; creatinine blood level; drug efficacy; drug safety; enzyme activity; glucose blood level; hyperglycemia; hypolipemia; in vitro study; male; nonhuman; pigeonpea; plant leaf; protein blood level; rat; solvent extraction; treatment response; triacylglycerol blood level; urea blood level; Cajanus cajan; Rattus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-38749152404	Evaluation of antioxidant activity of Ocimum sanctum and Emblica officinaux in rats	Gupta D.K., Tripathi A.K., Rajora V.S., Gupta G.C., Shukla S.K.	2007	Indian Journal of Animal Sciences	77	7	None	Govind Bhallabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand 263 145, India; GADVASU, Ludhiana 141 004, India; Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences; Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia	Gupta, D.K., Govind Bhallabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand 263 145, India, GADVASU, Ludhiana 141 004, India; Tripathi, A.K., Govind Bhallabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand 263 145, India, Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences; Rajora, V.S., Govind Bhallabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand 263 145, India, Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences; Gupta, G.C., Govind Bhallabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand 263 145, India, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia; Shukla, S.K., Govind Bhallabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand 263 145, India, GADVASU, Ludhiana 141 004, India	The antioxidative potential of hydro-alcoholic extracts of Ocimum sanctum (tulsi) and Emblica officinalis (amla) was assessed in normal and immune-compromised rats. The extracts were given @ 100 mg/kg b.wt. daily po for 21 days and cyclophosphamide was administered intraperitonially @ 50 mg/kg once at the start of expeiriment. The lipid peroxidation (LPO), reduced glutathione (GSH) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were assessed. On the basis of results, it was concluded that Ocimum sanctum and Emblica officinalis both are not only useful in controlling the lipid peroxide levels but are also helpful in further strengthening the antioxidant potential, however, Emblica officinalis was superior to Ocimum sanctum.	Antioxidant activity; Cyclophosphamide; Emblica officinalis; Hydro-alcoholic extracts; Ocimum sanctum	Emblica; Ocimum; Ocimum tenuiflorum; Phyllanthus emblica; Rattus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-74349114285	Evaluation of the polyphenol composition and antioxidant activity of African variety of Dacryodes edulis (G.Don) H.J Lam fruit	Atawodi S.E., Atawodi J.C., Idakwo P., Pfundstein B., Haubner R., Wurtele G., Spiegelhalder B., Bartsch H., Owen R.W.	2009	Journal of Medicinal Food	12	6	10.1089/jmf.2008.0215	Institute for Toxicology and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Public Health, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Atawodi, S.E., Institute for Toxicology and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany, Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Atawodi, J.C., Department of Veterinary Public Health, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Idakwo, P., Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Pfundstein, B., Institute for Toxicology and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Haubner, R., Institute for Toxicology and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Wurtele, G., Institute for Toxicology and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Spiegelhalder, B., Institute for Toxicology and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Bartsch, H., Institute for Toxicology and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Owen, R.W., Institute for Toxicology and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany	Polyphenols are abundant micronutrients in our diet that have been credited with chemoprevention of diseases associated with oxidative stress. In this study, we investigated the whole ripened fruit of Dacryodes edulis (G.Don) H.J Lam, a multipurpose tree growing in West and Central Africa and other countries bordering the Gulf of Guinea, for polyphenol content as well as its antioxidant/radical scavenging capacity. Analysis of the methanol extract of the fruit by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to an ultraviolet dual-array detector and mass-selective detector revealed the presence of catechol (9.27mg/kg), gallate (10.40mg/kg), methylgallate (0.88mg/kg), ellagic acid (3.10mg/kg), quercetin (0.21mg/kg), and quercetin rhamnoside (0.76mg/kg). The extract showed very high antioxidant potential (50% inhibitory concentration [IC50]=14 μL), but a rather weak radical scavenging activity (IC50=357 μL), when tested in vitro with the xanthine oxidase and 2-deoxyguanosine assay model systems, respectively. These results suggest that consumption of D. edulis could contribute to prevention of diseases that are related to oxidative stress. © 2009, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition.	Antioxidant activity; Dacryodes edulis; Disease chemoprevention; Polyphenol	antioxidant; catechol; deoxyguanosine; ellagic acid; gallic acid methyl ester; methanol; plant extract; polyphenol derivative; quercetin; quercitrin; scavenger; xanthine oxidase; Africa; antioxidant activity; article; chemical composition; Dacryodes edulis; drug isolation; drug screening; enzyme assay; fruit; high performance liquid chromatography; IC 50; in vitro study; nonhuman; oxidative stress; priority journal; tree; Africa, Central; Antioxidants; Burseraceae; Flavonoids; Free Radical Scavengers; Fruit; Phenols; Plant Extracts; Dacryodes edulis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34247483435	Evaluation of antioxidant activity and the fatty acid profile of the leaves of Vernonia amygdalina growing in South Africa	Erasto P., Grierson D.S., Afolayan A.J.	2007	Food Chemistry	104	2	10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.12.013	Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, P/Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, South Africa	Erasto, P., Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, P/Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, South Africa; Grierson, D.S., Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, P/Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, South Africa; Afolayan, A.J., Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, P/Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, South Africa	The leaves of Vernonia amygdalina were examined for antioxidant activity and analysed for their fatty acids content. Using transesterification and GC-MS analysis, 12 fatty acids were identified, which accounted for 74.1% of the lipid content. Two essential fatty acids (EFA), linoleic and α-linolenic acid were found in abundance in the oil. Using DPPH and a ABTS radical scavenging experiments, acetone, methanol and water extracts were screened for their antioxidant activity. The methanol extract exhibited high activity, by scavenging 75-99.3% of the DPPH radicals and 96.2-100% of the ABTS{radical dot}+radicals. These values are higher than those of butylated hydroxytoluene and were less than or equal to those of catechin. The water extract was the least active; its activity ranged from 29% to 88% for DPPH radicals and 76.8-98.3% for ABTS{radical dot}+. The presence of EFA and the high antioxidant activity of the leaf extracts have validated the importance of V. amygdalina in the diet. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Antioxidant activity; Fatty acids; Free radical scavenging; Vernonia amygdalina	1,1 diphenyl 2 picrylhydrazyl; 2,2' azinobis(3 ethylbenzothiazoline 6 sulfonic acid); acetone; antioxidant; butylcresol; catechin; fatty acid; linoleic acid; linolenic acid; methanol; oil; scavenger; sulfonic acid derivative; unclassified drug; Vernonia amydalina extract; water; antioxidant activity; article; diet; drug activity; gas chromatography; mass spectrometer; nonhuman; plant; screening; South Africa; transesterification; vernonia amygdalina; Vernonia amygdalina	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-66349115029	Evaluation of antioxidant activity and vitamin E profile of some selected indigenous vegetables in Nigerian diet	Ogunlade I., Tucker G., Fisk I., Ogunlade A.	2009	Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment	7	2	None	Department of Chemistry, University of Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria; Division of Nutritional Sciences, Division of Food Science, Nigeria; School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, United Kingdom; School of Physiology, Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), South Africa	Ogunlade, I., Department of Chemistry, University of Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria, Division of Nutritional Sciences, Division of Food Science, Nigeria; Tucker, G., Division of Nutritional Sciences, Division of Food Science, Nigeria; Fisk, I., School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, United Kingdom; Ogunlade, A., School of Physiology, Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), South Africa	Freeze-dried leaves of some selected vegetables (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius, Talinum fruticosum and Solanum macrocarpon) were examined for antioxidant activity and analysed for vitamin E profile, using Ferric-ion Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay. Total phenolic content (TPC) was measured by Folin-Ciocalteu method, and vitamin E profile was determined by HPLC analysis. Based on dry weight of the vegetables, C. aconitifolius had the highest antioxidant activity (122 μ mole Trolox equivalent/g dry wt), followed by S. macrocarpon (115.2 μmole TE/g dry wt) and T. fruticosum (78.14 μmole TE/g dry wt). Total phenolic content ranged from 349.2 to 1247.6 mg GAE/g dry wt for T. fruticosum, S. macrocarpon and C. aconitifolius, respectively. Vitamin E profile (tocopherol & tocotrienols) was significantly higher in C. aconitifolius (p<0.05) than in other two vegetables. The results suggest that these vegetables when consumed can be utilized to block/scavenge free radicals thereby alleviating symptoms associated with chronic and degenerative diseases.	Antioxidant activity; Indigenous vegetables; Total phenolics; Vitamin E	alpha tocopherol; alpha tocotrienol; antioxidant; ferric ion; free radical; phenol; tocopherol; antioxidant activity; article; Cnidoscolus aconitifolius; dry weight; evaluation; fluorescence recovery after photobleaching; high performance liquid chromatography; Nigeria; nonhuman; Solanum macrocarpon; Talinum fruticosum; vegetable; Cnidoscolus aconitifolius; Solanum macrocarpon; Talinum fruticosum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-58249085342	Lipase-catalysed synthesis of esters of ferulic acid with natural compounds and evaluation of their antioxidant properties	Chigorimbo-Murefu N.T.L., Riva S., Burton S.G.	2009	Journal of Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic	56	4	10.1016/j.molcatb.2008.05.017	Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7700 Cape Town, South Africa; Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, CNR, Via Mario Bianco, 20131 Milano, Italy	Chigorimbo-Murefu, N.T.L., Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7700 Cape Town, South Africa; Riva, S., Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, CNR, Via Mario Bianco, 20131 Milano, Italy; Burton, S.G., Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7700 Cape Town, South Africa	Lipases from Candida antarctica (Novozyme 435®), Candida rugosa, Chromobacterium viscosum and Pseudomonas sp. were used to perform transesterifications of vinyl ferulate with hydroxyl-steroids and p-arbutin. The antioxidant activity of the products was evaluated using the free radical 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) free radical quenching antioxidant assays, and inhibition of the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein, LDL. Arbutin ferulate was found to possess a 19% higher antiradical activity against the ABTS free radical than its precursor ferulic acid, and it also inhibited the oxidation of LDL more efficiently (by 10%) than its precursors. All of the biocatalytically synthesised products exhibited higher antioxidant activity than Trolox, the well known commercial benchmark antioxidant, and their precursor, ferulic acid. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Antioxidant; Arbutin; Biocatalysis; Ferulic acid; Lipase	Anti-oxidants; Antioxidant; Antioxidant activities; Antioxidant properties; Antiradical activities; Arbutin; Biocatalysis; Candida antarctica; Candida rugosa; Density lipoproteins; Ferulate; Ferulic acid; Natural compounds; Pseudomonas sp.; Sulphonic acids; Synthesis of; Transesterifications; Esterification; Esters; Free radicals; Lipases; Organic acids; Oxidation; Quenching; Acids	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77952897566	Evaluation of selected South African plant species for antioxidant, antiplatelet, and cytotoxic activity	Suleiman M.M., Bagla V., Naidoo V., Eloff J.N.	2010	Pharmaceutical Biology	48	6	10.3109/13880200903229114	Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa	Suleiman, M.M., Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Bagla, V., Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Naidoo, V., Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa; Eloff, J.N., Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa	The antioxidant, antiplatelet, and cytoxoxic effects of seven South African plant extracts, namely, Combretum vendae A.E. van Wyk (Combretaceae), Commiphora harveyi (Engl.) Engl. (Burseraceae), Khaya anthotheca (Welm.) C.DC (Meliaceae), Kirkia wilmsii Engl. (Kirkiaceae), Loxostylis alata A. Spreng. ex Rchb. (Anacardiaceae), Ochna natalitia (Meisn.) Walp. (Ochnaceae), and Protorhus longifolia (Bernh. Ex C. Krauss) Engl. (Anacardiaceae), were evaluated using established in vitro assays. All the extracts showed comparably low toxicity except for the extract of C. harveyi that showed high hemagluttination assay titer value, which indicates toxicity. The extracts of P. longifolia, K. wilmsii, O. natalitia, L. alata, C. harveyi, and C. vendae exhibited antioxidant properties in the qualitative assay using DPPH. In the quantification of antioxidation using ABTS, only the extracts of P. longifolia, L. alata, and C. vendae showed antioxidant activity with respective TEAC values of 1.39, 1.94, and 2.08. Similarly, in the quantitative DPPH assay, L. alata (EC50, 3.58±0.23 μg/mL) and K. wilmsii (EC50, 3.57±0.41 μg/mL) did not differ significantly (p≤0.05) from the control. K. anthotheca showed a higher EC50 (176.40±26.56 μg/mL) value, and differed significantly (p≤0.05) from all the other extracts and control. In addition, the extracts of C. vendae and C. harveyi showed significant (p≤0.05) antiplatelet activity and did not differ from the control (aspirin) with EC50 of 0.06±0.01 μg/mL and 0.19±0.00 μ μg/mL, respectively. Lower EC50 values in the antioxidant and antiplatelet studies are indicative of superior activity of the plant extract against oxidation and platelet aggregation. © 2010 Informa UK Ltd.	Antioxidant assay; Antiplatelet activity; Cytotoxicity effect; South African plants	acetone; acetylsalicylic acid; antioxidant; antithrombocytic agent; ascorbic acid; berberine; Combretum vendae extract; Commiphora harveyi extract; cytotoxic agent; Khaya anthotheca extract; Kirkia wilmsii extract; Loxostylis alata extract; Ochna natalita extract; plant extract; Protorhus longifolia extract; unclassified drug; antioxidant; antithrombocytic agent; plant extract; Africa; Anacardiaceae; animal cell; anticoagulation; antioxidant activity; article; Combretum; Combretum vendae; Commiphora; Commiphora harveyi; controlled study; drug cytotoxicity; drug mechanism; hemagglutination test; in vitro study; Khaya anthotheca; Kirkia wilmsii; Loxostylis alata; medicinal plant; Meliaceae; nonhuman; Ochna natalita; Ochnaceae; Protorhus longifolia; qualitative analysis; quantitative analysis; thrombocyte aggregation; animal; chemistry; Chlorocebus aethiops; dose response; drug effects; horse; isolation and purification; South Africa; toxicity; toxicity testing; Vero cell line; Animals; Antioxidants; Cercopithecus aethiops; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Horses; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Platelet Aggregation; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; South Africa; Toxicity Tests; Vero Cells	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33846848105	Evaluation of Athrixia bush tea for cytotoxicity, antioxidant activity, caffeine content and presence of pyrrolizidine alkaloids	McGaw L.J., Steenkamp V., Eloff J.N.	2007	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	110	1	10.1016/j.jep.2006.08.029	Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, PO Box 2034, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa	McGaw, L.J., Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Steenkamp, V., Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, PO Box 2034, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Eloff, J.N., Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa	In South Africa, Athrixia phylicoides DC. (bush tea) is widely used as a beverage, cough remedy and purgative. The commercialization of this tea in a similar vein to rooibos (Aspalathus linearis), is being considered. Traditional infusions and decoctions, as well as water and ethanol extracts, were prepared and screened. A related species, Athrixia elata Sond. (daisy tea), was included in many of the assays as a comparison. Extracts of Athrixia phylicoides and Athrixia elata were tested for toxic effects to brine shrimp larvae and the Vero kidney cell line. In both assays, the traditional preparations and aqueous extracts had little effect, but the ethanol extracts were relatively toxic. Antioxidant activity comparable to that found in rooibos was established. No detectable levels of caffeine were present in the Athrixia extracts following analysis using TLC and I/HCl spray reagent. Neither screening using spectrophotometry nor confirmation using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses showed evidence of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in Athrixia phylicoides. Although a wider range of studies needs to be conducted prior to commercialization, these results support the development of bush tea as a healthy alternative to caffeine-containing beverages. © 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	Antioxidant; Asteraceae; Athrixia; Caffeine; Cytotoxicity; Pyrrolizidine alkaloids	antioxidant; Athrixia extract; berberine; caffeine; cytotoxic agent; podophyllotoxin; pyrrolizidine alkaloid; unclassified drug; animal cell; animal experiment; Artemia; article; Asteraceae; Athrixia; Athrixia elata; Athrixia phylicoides; drug cytotoxicity; drug isolation; nonhuman; Vero cell; Animals; Antioxidants; Artemia; Beverages; Caffeine; Cell Line; Drug Toxicity; Humans; Kidney; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids; Solvents; South Africa; Artemia; Aspalathus linearis; Asteraceae; Athrixia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84896978558	Nutraceutical value of yellow- and red-fleshed south african plums (prunus salicina lindl.): Evaluation of total antioxidant capacity and phenolic composition	Venter A., Joubert E., De Beer D.	2014	Molecules	19	3	10.3390/molecules19033084	Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland (Stellenbosch) 7602, South Africa; Post-Harvest and Wine Technology Division, Agricultural Research Council (ARC), Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa	Venter, A., Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland (Stellenbosch) 7602, South Africa; Joubert, E., Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland (Stellenbosch) 7602, South Africa, Post-Harvest and Wine Technology Division, Agricultural Research Council (ARC), Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; De Beer, D., Post-Harvest and Wine Technology Division, Agricultural Research Council (ARC), Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa	Ten South African plum cultivars and selections, including yellow- and redfleshed plums from two harvest seasons were evaluated in terms of nutraceutical value (phenolic composition, total polyphenol content (TPC) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC)) and fruit attributes (colour, fruit mass, etc.). Plums were evaluated at two maturity stages, i.e., directly after harvest (unripe) and after a commercial cold storage and ripening regime (ripe). The phenolic composition of South African plums varied greatly, both qualitatively and quantitatively, between cultivars and selections. Neochlorogenic acid, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and quercetin-3-O-glucoside were the predominant hydroxycinnamic acid, anthocyanin and flavonol, respectively, although not present in all plums. The flavan-3-ols, (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin and procyanidins B1 and B2, were present in all plums. Red-fleshed plums tended to display higher TAC and TPC than yellow-fleshed plums. The flavan-3-ol content was highly correlated with TAC. The effect of harvest season was cultivar-dependent, but cultivar differences were not obscured. In terms of maturity stage, the ripe fruits tended to contain higher levels of anthocyanins and some flavonol compounds, although the TPC and TAC were not affected in most cases. South African plums, especially the red-fleshed selections PR04-32 and PR04-35, were shown to provide generally high TAC and TPC compared to literature values. © 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.	Antioxidant Capacity; Hplc; Phenolic Compound; Plum Fruit; Prunus Salicina Lindl	antioxidant; phenol derivative; plant extract; polyphenol; article; chemistry; diet supplementation; fruit; Prunus; Antioxidants; Dietary Supplements; Fruit; Phenols; Plant Extracts; Polyphenols; Prunus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84924249479	Pharmacognostic and free radical scavenging Evaluation of Cyathula prostata (Blume) L.	Sonibare M.A., Olatubosun O.V.	2015	Pharmacognosy Journal	7	2	10.5530/pj.2015.2.5	Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Sonibare, M.A., Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Olatubosun, O.V., Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Background: Cyathula prostrata (Blume) L. from the family Amaranthaceae has been used traditionally for rheumatism, dysentery, wounds and urethral discharges in the tropical regions of the world. Aim: The present study was undertaken to perform quality control standardization and to evaluate antioxidant activity of the leaf, stem, root and the whole plant of Cyathula prostrata. Methods: Macroscopic and microscopic evaluations were carried out on the plant using standard procedures. Powdered sample of the leaf was evaluated with various organic solvents for fluorescence. The chloroform, ethyl-acetate and methanolic extracts of the leaf, stem, root and whole plant were subjected to various pharmacognostic analyses and evaluated for in vitro antioxidant activity using DPPH assay.Further, thin layer chromatoghraphy was used to evaluate the chloroform extract. Results: Important epidermal features in the plant include: coastal cells, unbranched, uniseriate, multicellular and non-glandular trichomes. Leaves are amphistomatic showing mostly anomocytic and actinocytic stomata. Starch grains are restricted to the adaxial surface. Vascular bundles are mainly collateral and well-developed bundle sheath. The transverse section of stem is circular, hypodermis (1-3 layers). Cross section of the root is described in detail for the plant. Cortex has angular cells. Fluorescence studies showed different colours. Physico-chemical results are comparable with standards. The TLC profile showed presence of at least seven compounds in the leaf, root and the whole plant extracts, while nine components were obtained from the stem extract. The ethyl acetate extract of the root and ethanol extract of the stem gave the highest phenolic contents (30.09±3.768 mg GAE/g) and DPPH free radical scavenging activity (87.0 ± 0.208), respectively. Conclusion: The distinctive features established in this study are steps in identification, standardization and quality control of this medicinal plant.	Antioxidant; Cyathula prostrata; Microscopy; Physicochemical parameters; Standardization	acetic acid ethyl ester; alcohol; alkaloid; anthraquinone derivative; cardiac glycoside; chloroform; Cyathula prostata extract; flavonoid; glycoside; methanol; organic solvent; phlobatannin; phytosterol; plant extract; plant medicinal product; saponin; scavenger; starch; tannin derivative; unclassified drug; Amaranthaceae; antioxidant activity; Article; blood vessel; controlled study; Cyathula prostata; DPPH radical scavenging assay; drug quality; drug screening; fluorescence analysis; in vitro study; leaf surface; palisade parenchyma; pharmacognosy; phloem; plant epidermis; plant epidermis cell; plant leaf; plant root; plant stem; plant structures; solvent extraction; spongy mesophyll; standardization; thin layer chromatography; xylem	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84940187504	Preliminary evaluation of physical and chemical properties of Piper guineense and Xylopia aethiopica seed oils	Ogbonna A.C., Abuajah C.I., Hart E.B.	2015	International Food Research Journal	22	4	None	Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Uyo, P.M.B 1017, Uyo, Nigeria	Ogbonna, A.C., Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Uyo, P.M.B 1017, Uyo, Nigeria; Abuajah, C.I., Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Uyo, P.M.B 1017, Uyo, Nigeria; Hart, E.B., Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Uyo, P.M.B 1017, Uyo, Nigeria	Piper guineense and Xylopia aethiopica are commonly used as spices and traditional medicine in Southern Nigeria. The nutritional and health potential of their seed oils were evaluated by the study using standard methods. Values of all measured properties of the oil samples, except for peroxide and pH, were significantly (p < 0.05) different. The peroxide value of Piper guineense oil sample was 0.92 ± 0.01 mEq/Kg while Xylopia aethiopica oil gave a peroxide value of 13.35 ± 0.05 mEq/Kg which suggested that some level of oxidation might have occurred in the Xylopia aethiopica oil between the time of extraction and analysis. The iodine, saponification and ester values of Piper guineense oil sample were 13.66 ±0.70 gI<inf>2</inf>/100g; 13.18 ± 0.98 mgKOH/g and 154.97 ±1.10 mgKOH/g whereas those of Xylopia aethiopica oil were 75.30 ± 1.83 gI2/100g; 171.82 ± 5.07 mgKOH/g and 108.70 ± 1.50 mgKOH/g, respectively. However, their acid values (21.48 ± 1.21 mgKOH/g for Piper guineense and 16.85 ± 1.64 mgKOH/g for Xylopia aethiopica) and free fatty acid values (10.74 ± 0.82 mgKOH/g for Piper guineense and 8.43 ± 0.41 mgKOH/g for Xylopia aethiopica) were low whereas their unsaponifiable matter values were correspondingly high (69.16 ± 1.03% for Piper guineense and 19.16 ± 0.92% for Xylopia aethiopica) when compared to those of some popular seed oils. Their pH values at 250C were mildly acidic (5.76 ± 0.08 for Piper guineense and 5.10 ± 0.07 for Xylopia aethiopica). Some level of antioxidant activity was observed in the two oil samples. Thus, the oil samples investigated could be classified as non-drying.	Antioxidant; Edible; Piper guineense; Xylopia aethiopica	Piper guineense; Xylopia aethiopica	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80054751982	Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense enzymes in Clarias gariepinus as useful biomarkers for monitoring exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons	Otitoloju A., Olagoke O.	2011	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment	182	04-Jan	10.1007/s10661-010-1870-0	Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria	Otitoloju, A., Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria; Olagoke, O., Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria	The toxicological evaluations of crude oil, xylene, toluene and benzene were carried out against juvenile stages of Clarias gariepinus. On the basis of LC 50 value, benzene (0.017 ml/l) was found to be the most toxic followed by xylene (0.086 ml/l), toluene (0.398 ml/l) and crude oil (2.219 ml/l) was the least toxic. The results of the lipid peroxidation assay showed that the level of malonaldehyde (MDA) in liver and gills of fish exposed to all the test chemicals increased significantly (P &lt; 0.05) when compared to control. Measurement of activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in liver and gill of fishes exposed to sublethal concentration of the test chemicals over a 28-day period was found to decrease significantly (P &lt; 0.05) when compared to control. The observed reduction in the activities of antioxidant defense enzymes such as SOD, CAT and GST in conjunction with an increase in MDA levels in the gill and liver tissues of test animals exposed to aromatic hydrocarbon compounds were recommended as a good battery of biomarkers for early detection of pollution during biomonitoring programmes. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Antioxidant enzymes; Aromatic hydrocarbons; Biomarkers; Biomonitoring; Lipid peroxidation	Antioxidant defense; Antioxidant enzyme; Biomonitoring; Clarias gariepinus; Early detection; Glutathione-S-transferase; Hydrocarbon compounds; Lipid peroxidation; Liver tissue; Malonaldehyde; Superoxide dismutases; Toxicological evaluation; Aldehydes; Animals; Aromatic compounds; Aromatization; Benzene; Computer system firewalls; Crude oil; Enzymes; Hydrocarbons; Oxidation; Oxidative stress; Oxygen; Pollution detection; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Tissue; Toluene; Toxic materials; Xylene; Catalysts; benzene; biological marker; catalase; glutathione transferase; malonaldehyde; petroleum; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; superoxide dismutase; toluene; xylene; bioassay; biomarker; biomonitoring; enzyme activity; fish; lipid; oxidation; PAH; pollution exposure; toxicity test; toxicology; acclimatization; animal experiment; animal tissue; article; biological monitoring; Clarias gariepinus; concentration (parameters); controlled study; environmental exposure; environmental monitoring; enzyme activity; enzyme inhibition; fingerling; gill; LC 50; lipid peroxidation; liver toxicity; nonhuman; oxidative stress; physical chemistry; signal transduction; Siluriformes; toxicity testing; Animals; Biological Markers; Catalase; Catfishes; Environmental Monitoring; Gills; Glutathione Transferase; Lipid Peroxidation; Liver; Nigeria; Petroleum Pollution; Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic; Superoxide Dismutase; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Animalia; Clarias gariepinus; Pisces	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84931559925	Evaluation of antioxidant potentials of Morinda morindoides leaf extract	Akinloye D.I., Sunmonu T.O., Omotainse S.O., Balogun E.A.	2015	Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry	97	2	10.1080/02772248.2015.1031667	Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Department of Biological Sciences, Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Pathology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Departmen	Akinloye, D.I., Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Sunmonu, T.O., Department of Biological Sciences, Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin, Nigeria; Omotainse, S.O., Department of Veterinary Pathology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Balogun, E.A., Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	This study investigated antioxidant status of animals given aqueous extract of Morinda morindoides leaves using the levels of reduced glutathione, total-thiol, vitamin C, and vitamin E as well as malondialdehyde concentrations as indices, and its in vitro antioxidant capacity. Thirty rats divided into five groups were used. Group A served as control and were administered distilled water while groups B, C, D, and E were given 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg per kilogram body weight of water-extracted constituents of M. morindoides for 28 days. Total phenolic compounds amounted to 83.6 ± 5.9 mg g−1 gallic acid equivalent, while total flavonoid content was 9.5 ± 0.9 mg g−1 pyrocathecol equivalent. Malondialdehyde in plasma was significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner, ranging from 21% in groups B and C to 84% in groups D and E. Vitamins C and E were significantly increased, in group E by 91% and 17% compared with control. Total thiols and glutathione in plasma were significantly increased, with group E having 2.5-fold and 4.2-fold higher values than control. © 2015 Taylor & Francis.	antioxidant; evaluation; leaf extract; Morinda morindoides	Aldehydes; Peptides; Antioxidant capacity; Antioxidant potential; Dose-dependent manner; evaluation; Leaf extracts; Morinda morindoides; Total flavonoid contents; Total phenolic compounds; Antioxidants; antioxidant; aqueous solution; concentration (composition); dicotyledon; dose-response relationship; leaf; phenolic compound; plant extract; plasma; Animalia; Morinda morindoides; Rattus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84943258888	Evaluation of the in vitro and in vivo antioxidant potentials of Jatropha tanjorensis methanolic leaf extract	Madubuike K.G., Yusuf N.O., Robinson E.S.	2015	International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research	7	4	None	Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, N	Madubuike, K.G., Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria; Yusuf, N.O., Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria; Robinson, E.S., Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria	The antioxidant activity of Jatropha tanjorensis leaf methanolic extraxt was investigated following different antioxidant models. The antioxidant methods used include: in vitro 2, 2-diphenylpicrylhydrazine (DPPH) spectrophotometric assay and in vivo assay of serum malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase and catalase activity. The extract (50–400 μg/ml concentration) produced in a concentration-dependent manner, significant (p < 0. 05) antioxidant effect in the DPPH spectrophotometric assay. In the in vivo antioxidant tests, 400 mg/kg of the extract evoked significant (p < 0. 05) increase in serum superoxide dismutase and catalase activity and also significantly decreased the level of malondialdehyde when compared with the control group. These findings suggest that J. tanjorensis possess potent antioxidant property, which may be responsible for some of the reported pharmacological actions of the plant. © 2015, International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research. All Rights Reserved.	Antioxidant; Jatropha tabhirebsusm leaf extract	antioxidant; ascorbic acid; catalase; Jatropha tanjorensis extract; malonaldehyde; plant extract; superoxide dismutase; unclassified drug; acute toxicity; animal experiment; antioxidant activity; Article; controlled study; dose response; down regulation; drug dose comparison; drug screening; enzyme activity; female; in vitro study; in vivo study; Jatropha; Jatropha tanjorensis; lipid peroxidation; male; nonhuman; plant leaf; rat; spectrophotometry	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84855292781	In-vitro evaluation of antioxidant potential of Rauwolfia vomitoria root extract and its inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation as indication of aphrodisiac properties	Okolie N.P., Israel E.E.J., Falodun A.	2011	Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal	45	8	10.1007/s11094-011-0660-5	Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Edo State, Nigeria	Okolie, N.P., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Israel, E.E.J., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Falodun, A., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Edo State, Nigeria	Rauwolfia vomitoria (RV) Afzel (Apocynaceae) is a medicinal plant used in traditional medicinal practice for the treatment of hypertension. This research is devoted to phytochemical constituents, in particular, some specific alkaloids present in the RV root extract. The phytochemical evaluation revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, and flavonoids in this extract. The antioxidant activity of the RV root extract was also evaluated in a series of in vitro assays involving free radicals. The extract exhibited significant hydrogen peroxide scavenging effect relative to ascorbic acid (p &lt; 0.05, IC 50 = 98 μg/ml), nitric oxide scavenging effect (50.37 ± 0.4% after 150 min), and metal chelating activity (89.08 ± 2.62%). In addition, it exhibited significant ferric reducing power relative to ascorbic acid (p &lt; 0.05). The total content of phenolic substances was 233.3 ± 2.9 mg/g. The extract was also studied for its inhibitory capacity on lipid peroxidation as a possible mechanism of its aphrodisiac effect, by measuring thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in various male-cow tissues incubated in a 5% solution of the RV root extract, distilled water, and antioxidant vitamins C and E upon keeping the samples frozen for 35 days. Tissues incubated in the test solution had lower levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) compared to those in the samples incubated in distilled water. Results obtained from this study indicate that the RV root extract can be a potential source of natural antioxidants. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.	Antioxidant; lipid peroxidation (LPO); malondialdehyde (MDA)	alkaloid derivative; alpha tocopherol; aphrodisiac agent; ascorbic acid; benzylisoquinoline derivative; flavonoid; free radical; hydrogen peroxide; indole alkaloid; malonaldehyde; Rauwolfia extract; Rauwolfia vomitoria extract; saponin derivative; tannin derivative; thiobarbituric acid reactive substance; tropane alkaloid; unclassified drug; animal tissue; antioxidant activity; article; bull (bovine); chelation; in vitro study; lipid peroxidation; male; nonhuman; phytochemistry; plant root; Rauwolfia; rauwolfia vomitoria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-73449131144	Evaluation of the potency of certain substances as antioxidants in the assessment of red cell viability	Atolaiye B.O., Adebayo M.A., Jagha O.-O.O., Olonisakin A., Agbo C.O.	2009	Journal of Medicinal Plants Research	3	6	None	Department of Chemistry, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria; Department of Chemical Sciences, Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo, Nigeria; HIV/AIDS Unit, World Bank, Nigeria Country Office, Asokoro, Abuja, Nigeria	Atolaiye, B.O., Department of Chemistry, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria; Adebayo, M.A., Department of Chemical Sciences, Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo, Nigeria; Jagha, O.-O.O., HIV/AIDS Unit, World Bank, Nigeria Country Office, Asokoro, Abuja, Nigeria; Olonisakin, A., Department of Chemistry, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria; Agbo, C.O., Department of Chemistry, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria	The effectiveness of certain antioxidant substances in the protection of red cells from oxidation and degradation with respect to their window times of survival have been analyzed using UV-Visible spectrophotometry. Antioxidant substances evaluated included; vitamin A, vitamin D, mixture of vitamins A and D, various species of Kolanut, Garcinia kola, Prosopis africana beans, beans shell extracts and eugenol, an oil extract from the clove plant. In the presence of an oxidizing agent; potassium ferricyanide, lysis of red cell membrane, oxidation of exposed hemoglobin and methemoglobin formation were observed within 12 h. When the red blood cells were exposed to antioxidants, red cells were found to survive oxidation above 12 h. The window times of survival of the red cells in the presence of the antioxidants were found to be as follows: eugenol ≥ 32 h, G. kola ≥ 32 h, Cola acuminata (white) ≥ 32 h, C. acuminata (red) ≤ 20 h, C. acuminata (pink) 24 h, Cola nitida (white) 20 h, C. nitida (red) 26 h, C. nitida (pink) ≥ 32 h, Prosopis africana beans (shell extract) 30 h, P. africana (beans extract) 24 h, vitamins A and D (mixture) 30 h, vitamin D 24 h and vitamin A ≥ 32 h. A synergistic relationship between vitamins A and D was established, eugenol was the most effective while C. nitida (white) showed the least potency and therefore effectiveness. © 2009 Academic Journals.	Antioxidant potency; Evaluation; Red cell; Survival time	antioxidant; clove oil; Cola acuminata extract; Cola nitida extract; eugenol; Garcinia kola exract; hemoglobin; methemoglobin; plant extract; potassium ferricyanide; prosopis africana extract; retinol; unclassified drug; vitamin D; antioxidant activity; article; cell survival; cell viability; Cola; Cola acuminata; cola nitida; controlled study; drug potency; erythrocyte; Garcinia kola; human; human cell; medicinal plant; plant seed; Prosopis; prosopis africana; Cola acuminata; Cola nitida; Garcinia kola; Prosopis africana; Syzygium aromaticum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84919741164	Evaluation of the chemical and antioxidant properties of wild and cultivated mushrooms of Ghana	Obodai M., Ferreira I.C.F.R., Fernandes Â., Barros L., Narh Mensah D.L., Dzomeku M., Urben A.F., Prempeh J., Takli R.K.	2014	Molecules	19	12	10.3390/molecules191219532	CSIR, Food Research Institute, P.O. Box M20, Accra, Ghana; Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), ESA, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Apartado 1172, Bragança, Portugal; Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, PqEB - Parque Estação Biológica, Final Av. W5 Norte, Caixa Postal 02372, Brasília, DF, Brazil	Obodai, M., CSIR, Food Research Institute, P.O. Box M20, Accra, Ghana; Ferreira, I.C.F.R., Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), ESA, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Apartado 1172, Bragança, Portugal; Fernandes, Â., Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), ESA, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Apartado 1172, Bragança, Portugal; Barros, L., Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), ESA, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Apartado 1172, Bragança, Portugal; Narh Mensah, D.L., CSIR, Food Research Institute, P.O. Box M20, Accra, Ghana; Dzomeku, M., CSIR, Food Research Institute, P.O. Box M20, Accra, Ghana; Urben, A.F., Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, PqEB - Parque Estação Biológica, Final Av. W5 Norte, Caixa Postal 02372, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Prempeh, J., CSIR, Food Research Institute, P.O. Box M20, Accra, Ghana; Takli, R.K., CSIR, Food Research Institute, P.O. Box M20, Accra, Ghana	Knowledge of the chemical composition of both wild and cultivated edible mushrooms in Ghana is limited. This study reports their nutritional value, composition in lipophilic and hydrophilic molecules, minerals and antioxidant properties. The samples were found to be nutritionally rich in carbohydrates, ranging from 64.14 ± 0.93 g in Pleurotus ostreatus strain EM-1 to 80.17 ± 0.34 g in Lentinus squarrosulus strain LSF. The highest level of proteins (28.40 ± 0.86 g) was recorded in the mentioned P. ostreatus strain. Low fat contents were registered in the samples, with Auricularia auricula recording the lowest value. High levels of potassium were also observed with the following decreasing order of elements: K > P ∼ Na > Mg > Ca. High levels of antioxidants were also observed, thus making mushrooms suitable to be used as functional foods or nutraceutical sources. Furthermore, this study provides new information regarding chemical properties of mushrooms from Ghana, which is very important for the biodiversity characterization of this country. © 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.	Antioxidant potential; Cultivated mushrooms; Macro- and micro-elements; Nutritional value; Wild mushrooms	antioxidant; element; lipid; mineral; Agaricales; agriculture; chemical phenomena; chemistry; Ghana; nutritional value; Agaricales; Agriculture; Antioxidants; Elements; Ghana; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Lipids; Minerals; Nutritive Value	PEst-OE/AGR/UI0690/2011, FCT, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953796063	Evaluation of the polyphenol content and antioxidant properties of methanol extracts of the leaves, stem, and root barks of Moringa oleifera Lam.	Atawodi S.E., Atawodi J.C., Idakwo G.A., Pfundstein B., Haubner R., Wurtele G., Bartsch H., Owen R.W.	2010	Journal of Medicinal Food	13	3	10.1089/jmf.2009.0057	Biochemistry Department, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine Departments, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Institute for Toxicology and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Centre, Heide	Atawodi, S.E., Biochemistry Department, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Atawodi, J.C., Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine Departments, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Idakwo, G.A., Biochemistry Department, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Pfundstein, B., Institute for Toxicology and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany; Haubner, R., Institute for Toxicology and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany; Wurtele, G., Institute for Toxicology and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany; Bartsch, H., Institute for Toxicology and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany; Owen, R.W., Institute for Toxicology and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany	Medicinal plants have been shown to have both chemopreventive and/or therapeutic effects on cancer and other diseases related to oxidative damage. Moringa oleifera Lam., known in the Hausa and Igala languages of Nigeria as "Zogale" and "Gergedi," respectively, and drumstick in English, is a plant that is used both as food and in folkloric medicine in Nigeria and elsewhere. Different parts of the plant were analyzed for polyphenol content as well as in vitro antioxidant potential. The methanol extract of the leaves of M. oleifera contained chlorogenic acid, rutin, quercetin glucoside, and kaempferol rhamnoglucoside, whereas in the root and stem barks, several procyanidin peaks were detected. With the xanthine oxidase model system, all the extracts exhibited strong in vitro antioxidant activity, with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 16, 30, and 38 μL for the roots, leaves, and stem bark, respectively. Similarly, potent radical scavenging capacity was observed when extracts were evaluated with the 2-deoxyguanosine assay model system, with IC50 values of 40, 58, and 72 μL for methanol extracts of the leaves, stem, and root barks, respectively. The high antioxidant/radical scavenging effects observed for different parts of M. oleifera appear to provide justification for their widespread therapeutic use in traditional medicine in different continents. The possibility that this high antioxidant/radical scavenging capacity may impact on the cancer chemopreventive potential of the plant must be considered. © 2010, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition.	antioxidant potential; drumstick; Moringa oleifera; polyphenol	chlorogenic acid; deoxyguanosine; glucoside; kaempferol derivative; methanol; Moringa oleifera extract; polyphenol; procyanidin; quercetin; rutoside; scavenger; xanthine oxidase; antioxidant activity; article; concentration response; IC 50; in vitro study; Moringa oleifera; plant leaf; plant root; plant stem; priority journal; Antioxidants; Flavonoids; Methanol; Moringa oleifera; Phenols; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Plant Roots; Plant Stems; Moringa oleifera	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84901408179	Evaluation of antioxidant potential and nutritional values of white skinned sweet potato-unripe plantain composite flour blends	Salawu S.O., Boligon A.A., Athayde M.L.	2014	International Journal of Applied Research in Natural Products	7	2	None	Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Phytochemical Research Laboratory, Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Federal University of Santa Maria, Build 26, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil	Salawu, S.O., Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Boligon, A.A., Phytochemical Research Laboratory, Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Federal University of Santa Maria, Build 26, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; Athayde, M.L., Phytochemical Research Laboratory, Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Federal University of Santa Maria, Build 26, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil	The present investigation sought to evaluate the antioxidant properties, phenolic composition, nutrient composition of Unripe Plantain (UP) -White Skinned Sweet potato (WSP) flour blends. The flour were mixed in various proportions (UP: WSP); 100:0, 80:20, 60:40, 40:60, 20:80 and 0:100. HPLC/DAD phenolic analyses revealed the presence of some phenolic acids and flavonoids. The result of the antioxidant indices showed a progressive increase with respect to sweet potato inclusion and that high antioxidant indices were recorded for 100% WSP (total phenolic: 1.111mg/g; total flavonoid: 2030mg/g; reducing power: 0.76mg/g; ABTS radical scavenging activity: 3.08 x 10-6mg/g and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity: 82.017%), while the least values were recorded for 100% UP. The proximate composition analysis revealed that 100%UP had the highest carbohydrate (78.17%), protein (11.72%), fibre (0.20%) and fat (5.56%) content compared with whole potato flour and that other blends have a decreasing value with respect to increase in the composition of sweet potato. The highest level of Na, K was recorded for 100% UP while 100% WP had the highest level of Mg, Ca and P. These investigations showed that sweet potato-unripe plantain composite blend would be a good source of natural antioxidant as well as providing essential nutrients. Industrial Relevance. Several investigations have revealed the antioxidant and nutritional potentials of sweet potato and unripe-plantain when consumed separately. Also a number of scientific reports provide information on the use of sweet potato and unripe plantain as medicinal foods when consumed separately, and are commonly used as functional food especially in the management of diabetes. Therefore, this study sought to assess the antioxidant and nutritional potentials of phenolic containing unripe plantain (UP) and white skinned sweet potato (WSP) flour blends with a view identifying the blends with good nutritional and medicinal potentials. The blend that processes good nutritional values and high antioxidant activities could be formulated as functional foods and explored as dietary interventions for managing diseases associated with free radical damage such as diabetes.	Antioxidant potential; Musa paradisiacae; Nutritional value; Phenolic composition; Solanum tuberosum	antioxidant; banana plus sweet potato extract; caffeic acid; caffeic acid derivative; catechin; chlorogenic acid; ellagic acid; epicatechin; gallic acid; isoquercitrin; kaempferol; plant extract; quercetin; quercitrin; rutoside; unclassified drug; ABTS radical scavenging assay; antioxidant activity; article; banana; carbohydrate analysis; controlled study; drug determination; drug mechanism; fat content; flour; high performance liquid chromatography; hydroxyl radical scavenging assay; nutritional value; plant fiber; protein content; sweet potato	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79957877665	Evaluation of the antimalarial potential of Vernonia ambigua kotschy and peyr (Asteraceae)	Builders M.I., Wannang N.N., Ajoku G.A., Builders P.F., Onsadipe A., Aguiyi J.C.	2011	International Journal of Pharmacology	7	2	10.3923/ijp.2011.238.247	Department of Pharmacology, College of Medical Sciences, Bingham University, Jos, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Nigeria; Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, National Institute for Pha	Builders, M.I., Department of Pharmacology, College of Medical Sciences, Bingham University, Jos, Nigeria; Wannang, N.N., Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Nigeria; Ajoku, G.A., Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development Idu, Abuja, Nigeria; Builders, P.F., Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Raw Materials Development, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development Idu, Abuja, Nigeria; Onsadipe, A., Department of Medicinal Plant Research and Traditional medicine, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development Idu, Abuja, Nigeria; Aguiyi, J.C., Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Nigeria	Some traditional medicine practitioners in Nigeria have claimed the use of the decoction of the whole plant of Vernonia ambigua for the management of malaria. The aim of this study is to authenticate the antimalarial potential of this plant by evaluating its antiplasmodial activities. The freeze-dried decoctions of the whole plant of V. ambigua were used for the study. The phytochemical components and antioxidant activity using 2, 2-Diphenyl-l-picryl-hydrazyl radical (DPPH) were determined. The oral median lethal dose (LD50) and in vivo antiplasmodial activity were determined in Swiss albino mice. Different doses of the extract (50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600 mg kg-1 PO) were administered to the mice infected with 1×177 Plasmodium berghei berghei. Four days suppressive and curative effects against established infections as well as prophylactic activities were evaluated. The in vitro antiplasmodial activity was carried out on Plasmodium falciparum using different concentrations of the decoction. The decoction showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, sterols, phenols and reducing sugars and a moderate antioxidant activity. The LD50 was estimated to be greater than 5000 mg kg-1. Effective dose dependent inhibitions of parasitaemia were observed in the suppressive, curative and prophylactic tests. The in vitro screening also showed a moderate antiplasmodial activity (31.62 μg mL-1&lt;IC50&lt;50 μg mL-1). The effective antiplasmodial activities of V. ambigua could be attributed to its content of certain phytochemicals and may partly explain its use for the treatment of malaria. © 2011 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Antioxidant property; Antiplasmodial activity; Oral median lethal dose; Phytochemical components; Vernonia ambigua	1,1 diphenyl 2 picrylhydrazyl; alkaloid; anthraquinone derivative; ascorbic acid; chloroquine; essential oil; flavonoid; phenol derivative; plant extract; plant resin; saponin derivative; sterol derivative; sugar; tannin derivative; terpene derivative; unclassified drug; Vernonia ambigua extract; animal experiment; animal model; antimalarial activity; antioxidant activity; aqueous solution; article; blood sampling; controlled study; dose response; drug dose comparison; drug isolation; drug mechanism; drug screening; freeze drying; human; human cell; in vitro study; in vivo study; LD 50; lethal dose; mouse; nonhuman; phytochemistry; Plasmodium berghei infection; Plasmodium falciparum; survival time; toxicity testing; Vernonia; Vernonia ambigua	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79251521079	Evaluation of phytochemicals and antioxidants of four botanicals with antihypertensive properties	Asaolu M.F., Asaolu S.S., Adanlawo I.G.	2010	International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences	1	2	None	Department of Biochemistry, University of Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, University of Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria	Asaolu, M.F., Department of Biochemistry, University of Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Asaolu, S.S., Department of Chemistry, University of Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Adanlawo, I.G., Department of Biochemistry, University of Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria	Evaluation of phytochemicals and antioxidants levels were conducted in the dry leaves of aqueous and methanolic extracts of Vernonia amygdalina, Carica papaya, Persea americana and Cnidosculous aconitifolius. Methanolic extract was found to contain the highest value for sterols, tannin, saponin, flavonoids, alkaloids, phenols, phlobatannins, anthraquinones, triterpenes and cardiac glycosides. However, oxalate and phytate were absent in both aqueous and methanolic extracts. The results also showed that leave extracts of these plants are good sources of antioxidants as revealed by the presence of these antioxidants in these plant but with highest values in the methanolic extract. Conclusively, the presence of some of these phytochemicals and antioxidants explained the hypotensive action of these plants in cardiovascular diseases.	Antioxidants; Aqueous; Extracts; Methanolic; Phytochemicals	alkaloid; alpha tocopherol; anthraquinone derivative; antihypertensive agent; antioxidant; ascorbic acid; cardiac glycoside; Carica papaya extract; carotene; catalase; Cnidoscolous aconitifolius extract; flavonoid; glutathione peroxidase; methanol; oxalic acid; Persea americana extract; phenol derivative; phlobatannin; phytate; phytosterol; plant extract; saponin; sterol; tannin; tannin derivative; triterpene; unclassified drug; Vernonia amygdalina extract; antihypertensive activity; antioxidant activity; article; avocado; biocatalysis; cardiovascular disease; Cnidoscolous aconitifolius; concentration (parameters); controlled study; drug determination; drug screening; enzyme activity; oxidative stress; papaya; phytochemistry; plant leaf; shrub; Vernonia; vernonia amygdalina	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-73449124055	Evaluation of antioxidant activity of leave extract of Bauhinia rufescens Lam. (Caesalpiniaceae)	Aliyu A.B., Ibrahim M.A., Musa A.M., Ibrahim H., Abdulkadir I.E., Oyewale A.O.	2009	Journal of Medicinal Plants Research	3	8	None	Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Kwazulu Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa	Aliyu, A.B., Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Ibrahim, M.A., Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Musa, A.M., Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Ibrahim, H., Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Kwazulu Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; Abdulkadir, I.E., Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Oyewale, A.O., Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Antioxidant evaluation of Bauhinia rufescens used in Northern Nigerian traditional medicine, was carried out using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and reducing power assay on the methanolic extract of the leaves. The results of the DPPH scavenging activity indicate a concentration dependent antioxidant activity with no significant difference (p &lt; 0.05) at 50, 125 and 250 μgml- 1 with those of the standard ascorbic and gallic acids. The total phenolic content was determined and found to be 68.40 ± 0.02 mg/g gallic acid equivalent (GAE) and the reducing power of 0.071 ± 0.03 nm was obtained. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins and saponins whose synergistic effect may be responsible for the strong antioxidant activity. It indicates that the methanolic extract of the leave may have promising antioxidant agents and may also help in the treatment of the diseases caused by free radicals. © 2009 Academic Journals.	Antioxidants; Bauhinia rufescens; DPPH; Free radicals; Reducing power; Total phenolics	1,1 diphenyl 2 picrylhydrazyl; ascorbic acid; Bauhinia rufescens extract; flavanoid; free radical; gallic acid; methanol; phenol; plant extract; saponin; tannin; triterpene; unclassified drug; antioxidant activity; article; Bauhinia rufescens; concentration response; controlled study; drug screening; medicinal plant; Nigeria; phytochemistry; plant leaf; traditional medicine; Bauhinia rufescens; Caesalpinioideae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80051498828	Evaluation of sub-chronic oral toxicity of Joloo: A traditional medicinal decoction	Oloyede A., Okpuzor J., Omidiji O., Odeigah P.	2011	Pharmaceutical Biology	49	9	10.3109/13880209.2011.557834	Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Akoka, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria	Oloyede, A., Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Akoka, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria; Okpuzor, J., Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Akoka, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria; Omidiji, O., Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Akoka, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria; Odeigah, P., Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Akoka, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria	Context: Joloo is a Nigerian herbal decoction used for managing breast tumor, ulcer, pain, fever and general malaise in southwestern Nigeria. Objective: The evaluation of the sub-chronic toxicity of Joloo, a Nigerian herbal decoction, is done by investigating its effects on biochemical, antioxidant, histopathologic and hematologic indices in normal albino rats. Materials and methods: Albino rats of either sex weighing between 128 and 160 g were divided into 4 groups of 10 rats each. Three test groups were orally administered 400, 800 and 1600 mg kg -1 body weight (b. wt.) doses of Joloo while control animals received distilled water over 28 days. Animal were weighed weekly and sacrificed after day 28. Organs were harvested, weighed and subjected to histopathologic assessment. Liver and blood samples were used for biochemical, antioxidant and hematological studies. Results: Mortality and signs of toxicity were absent in animals treated with 400 and 800 mg kg -1 doses of Joloo. At 1600 mg kg -1 dose, 20% mortality occurred. Decreased body weight and red blood cells (P &lt; 0.05) observed at 1600 mg kg -1 differed significantly from control animals. No significant changes in body and organ weights presented. Significant increases in biochemical analytes and histopathologic parameters were unobserved. Rather, Joloo increased leukopoiesis and exhibited antioxidant activities at all doses. Discussion: Joloo proved safe at lower doses. The mortality at 1600 mg kg -1 could be due to disturbances in the physiology of the animals. The significant reduction in erythropoiesis could indicate early signs of toxicity. However, the unremarkable increases in hepatic and antioxidant enzymes may suggest that Joloo modulated oxidative status in the animals. Conclusion: Joloo seems safe at lower doses, but caution is advised at higher doses. © 2011 Informa Healthcare USA, Inc.	Antioxidants; biochemical parameters; hematologic; histopathologic	catalase; joloo; plant medicinal product; superoxide dismutase; unclassified drug; animal experiment; animal tissue; antioxidant activity; article; blood sampling; body weight; chronic toxicity; concentration response; controlled study; drug safety; enzyme activity; erythrocyte count; female; histopathology; male; mortality; neutrophil count; Nigeria; nonhuman; organ weight; rat; toxicity testing; traditional medicine; Administration, Oral; Animals; Antioxidants; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule; Fever; Hematologic Tests; Liver Function Tests; Medicine, African Traditional; Mouth; Nigeria; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Rats; Shallots; Animalia; Rattus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84862741638	Evaluation of antioxidants in herbal tea with a laccase biosensor	Sabela M.I., Gumede N.J., Singh P., Bisetty K.	2012	International Journal of Electrochemical Science	7	6	None	Department of Chemistry, Durban University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban 4000, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, Mangosuthu University of Technology, P.O. Box 12363, Jacobs 4026, South Africa	Sabela, M.I., Department of Chemistry, Durban University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban 4000, South Africa; Gumede, N.J., Department of Chemistry, Mangosuthu University of Technology, P.O. Box 12363, Jacobs 4026, South Africa; Singh, P., Department of Chemistry, Durban University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban 4000, South Africa; Bisetty, K., Department of Chemistry, Durban University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban 4000, South Africa	In this study, a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with laccase was used as the working electrode for analysis of phenolic compounds. The electrochemical behaviour of rutin and ascorbic acid were used to assess the antioxidant capacities (trolox reagents) for the estimation of total phenolic (TP) content in two herbal tea samples common in South Africa. The result showed a positive linear correlation between the trolox equivalent antioxidant capacities (TEAC) and TP content (R 2 = 0.9812 ± 0.012), which indicated that phenolic compounds could be one of the main components responsible for the antioxidant activities in the tea samples investigated. The experimental results obtained using a Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) suggested that indeed laccase is a suitable biosensor showing good reducing properties. The scavenging ability of 2,2'-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), a diammonium salt assessed using UV-Visible spectrophotometry in the sample extract yielded half maximal effective concentration (EC 50) values of 10.80 μg/ml and 11.62 μg/ml for ascorbic acid and rutin respectively. © 2012 by ESG.	Antioxidants; Biosensor; Laccase; UV-Visible spectrophotometry; Voltammetry	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84945972384	Evaluation and comparison of the indices of systemic oxidative stress among black-Africans with age-related cataracts or primary glaucoma	Awodele O., Oreagba I.A., Olayemi S.O., Oladipo I., Iruegbukpe C.O., Balogun B.G., Balogun M.M., Adedokun A.O.	2015	Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology	22	4	10.4103/0974-9233.167811	Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Family Medicine, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Ophthalmology, Lagos State Eye Institute, Lagos Stat	Awodele, O., Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Oreagba, I.A., Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Olayemi, S.O., Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Oladipo, I., Department of Family Medicine, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Iruegbukpe, C.O., Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Balogun, B.G., Department of Ophthalmology, Lagos State Eye Institute, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Balogun, M.M., Department of Ophthalmology, Lagos State Eye Institute, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Adedokun, A.O., Department of Family Medicine, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria	Purpose: Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathophysiology of glaucoma, cataract, and many degenerative diseases. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the systemic oxidative stress in black.African patients diagnosed with primary glaucoma or age.related cataract. (ARC) and compare these indices to normal control patients and between the two conditions. Methods: This was a descriptive cross.sectional study of consecutive recruited subjects attending a tertiary care facility. One hundred adults were enrolled and sub.grouped into: Normal controls. (n = 20), patients with primary glaucoma. (n = 40), and patients with cataract. (n = 40). The data were collected on patient demographics and clinical information. Ten milliliters of the venous blood was taken from each subject for the evaluation of serum biochemical indices of oxidative stress. Laboratory measurements of enzymatic and nonenzymic anti.oxidants, as well as lipid peroxidation, were conducted using established and validated spectrophotometric methods. The systemic oxidative stress was measured by the serum levels of anti.oxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation, and compared between the groups and to a control group of patients. Results: Statistically, significantly reduced serum levels of glutathione, glutathione-S-transferase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ascorbic acid were found in the patients with glaucoma or cataract when compared with controls. (P < 0.05 for all). Differences in serum lipid peroxidation levels across or between the groups were nonsignificant. Serum protein levels were significantly higher among the subjects with cataract or glaucoma than in controls. Conclusion: Our results concur with findings in Caucasian study cohorts. This indicates that in black.Africans, primary glaucoma, and ARC are associated with increased systemic oxidative stress. This supports the existing evidence on the role of oxidative stress in these ocular disorders and reinforces the rationale for the use of anti.oxidants in the management and possible prevention of these conditions. © 2015 Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology | Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow.	Anti-oxidants; Cataract; Glaucoma; Oxidative Stress	ascorbic acid; catalase; glutathione; glutathione transferase; lipid; superoxide dismutase; adult; African; aged; Article; comparative study; controlled study; cross-sectional study; descriptive research; enzyme blood level; female; human; lipid blood level; lipid peroxidation; major clinical study; male; oxidative stress; primary glaucoma; priority journal; senile cataract	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79957488704	Engine performance, exhaust emissions and combustion characteristics of a CI engine fuelled with croton megalocarpus methyl ester with antioxidant	Kivevele T.T., Kristóf L., Bereczky A., Mbarawa M.M.	2011	Fuel	90	8	10.1016/j.fuel.2011.03.048	Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Department of Energy Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Megyetem rkp. 3-9, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary	Kivevele, T.T., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Kristóf, L., Department of Energy Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Megyetem rkp. 3-9, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; Bereczky, A., Department of Energy Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Megyetem rkp. 3-9, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; Mbarawa, M.M., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa	The use of biodiesel as a substitute for petroleum-based diesel has become of great interest for the reasons of combating the destruction of the environment, the price of petroleum-based diesel and dependency on foreign energy sources. But for practical feasibility of biodiesel, antioxidants are added to increase the oxidation stability during long term storage. It is quite possible that these additives may affect the clean burning characteristics of biodiesel. This study investigated the experimental effects of antioxidants on the oxidation stability, engine performance, exhaust emissions and combustion characteristics of a four cylinder turbocharged direct injection (TDI) diesel engine fuelled with biodiesel from croton megalocarpus oil. The three synthetic antioxidants evaluated its effectiveness on oxidation stability of croton oil methyl ester (COME) were 1, 2, 3 tri-hydroxy benzene (Pyrogallol, PY), 3, 4, 5-tri hydroxy benzoic acid (Propyl Gallate, PG) and 2-tert butyl-4-methoxy phenol (Butylated Hydroxyanisole, BHA). The fuel sample tested in TDI diesel engine include pure croton biodiesel (B100), croton biodiesel dosed with 1000 ppm of an effective antioxidant (B100 + PY1000), B20 (20% croton biodiesel and 80% mineral diesel) and diesel fuel which was used as base fuel. The result showed that the effectiveness of the antioxidants was in the order of PY > PG > BHA. The brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) of biodiesel fuel with antioxidants decreased more than that of biodiesel fuel without antioxidants, but both were higher than that of diesel. Antioxidants had few effects on the exhaust emissions of a diesel engine running on biodiesel. Combustion characteristics in diesel engine were not influenced by the addition of antioxidants in biodiesel fuel. This study recommends PY and PG to be used for safeguarding biodiesel fuel from the effects of autoxidation during storage. Overall, the biodiesel derived from croton megalocarpus oil can be utilized as partial substitute for mineral diesel. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Antioxidants; Combustion; Croton methyl ester; Emissions; Engine performance	Antioxidants; Benzoic acid; Bio-diesel fuel; Brake specific fuel consumption; CI engine; Clean burning; Combustion characteristics; Croton methyl ester; Emissions; Energy source; Engine performance; Exhaust emission; Fuel samples; Long-term storage; Methyl esters; Oxidation stability; Propyl gallate; Synthetic antioxidants; TDI diesel engine; Benzene; Biodiesel; Carboxylic acids; Combustion; Diesel engines; Diesel fuels; Direct injection; Engines; Esterification; Esters; Fuel consumption; Fuel storage; Machine design; Oxidation; Phenols; Silicate minerals; Synthetic fuels; Vegetable oils; Engine cylinders	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84946023302	Evaluation of some Nigerian savannah plants for antioxidant activity, and total phenolic and flavonoid contents	Ibibia E.T., Peter O., Olugbemiga O.S.	2015	International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research	34	2	None	Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Landmark University, Department of Physical Sciences, Omu-aran, Kwara State, Nigeria	Ibibia, E.T., Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Peter, O., Landmark University, Department of Physical Sciences, Omu-aran, Kwara State, Nigeria; Olugbemiga, O.S., Landmark University, Department of Physical Sciences, Omu-aran, Kwara State, Nigeria	The plant leaves of Nauclea diderrichii (Merr) (ND), Crossopteryx febrifuga (Afzel) Benth (CF), Lannea kerstingii Engl. and K. Krause (LK), Uapaca guineensis (UG) and Terminalia macroptera (TM) which were obtained from the savannah region in Nigeria were evaluated for antioxidant property and total phenolic and flavonoid contents. The plants leaves were extracted with non polar and polar solvents. The extracts obtained were analyzed for the presence or absence of certain phytochemicals. DPPH radical was used as an in-vitro model for evaluating the antioxidant activity of the methanolic extracts. Spectrophotometric methods were used to determine both total phenolic and flavonoid contents. TLC analysis was carried out to identify and quantify individual flavonoids using specific standard flavonoids as control. Phytochemical screening of the plants leaves gave the following: ND and LK gave positive test for tannins, flavonoids and saponins while steroids, alkaloids, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides and anthraquinone glycosides were negative for the methanolic extracts; all phytochemicals screened were absent in the n-hexane extracts. CF showed presence of flavonoids, saponins, steroids and cardiac glycosides while tannins, alkaloids, terpenoids and anthraquinone glycosides were absent in the methanol extract; all phytochemicals screened were absent in the n-hexane extract. The n-hexane extract of UG exhibited presence of steroids, alkaloids and terpenoids while flavonoids, saponins, cardiac and anthraquinone glycosides were observed to be absent. Its methanolic extract showed presence of steroids, alkaloids, terpenoids and cardiac glycosides while saponins, flavonoids, tannins and anthraquinone glycosides were absent. Only steroids were observed to be present in the n-hexane extract of TM. Tannins, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, terpenoids and cardiac glycosides were present in the methanolic extract while alkaloids and anthraquinone glycosides were absent. The plants leaves extracts gave the following total phenolic (mg GAE/mg extract) and flavonoid (mg quercetin equivalent/mg extract) contents and antioxidant activity respectively: ND 49.43±015, 73.00±0.03, 37.42±0.04; CF 63.71±0.02, 81.58±0.06, 48.23±0.03; LK 58.00±0.02, 56.08±0.03, 43.91±0.02; TM 64.29±0.02, 146.25±0.02, 48.67±0.05. UG did not possess polyphenolics and flavonoids so did not exhibit any antioxidant activity. In the flavonoid distribution TM had the highest number of flavonoid types and percent type present (20.94%, kaempferol) while LK had the lowest percent type (2.78%, myricetin). The leaves of these plants can serve as source of bioactive compounds and antioxidant agents. Only UG possessed neither polyphenolic nor flavonoid compounds. © Copyright protected.	Antioxidants; Flavonoids; Leaves; Nigeria; Polyphenolics; Savannah plants	cardiac glycoside; catechin; flavonoid; gallic acid; hexane; kaempferol; methanol; myricetin; phenol derivative; plant medicinal product; quercetin; saponin; steroid; tannin derivative; terpenoid derivative; vitexin; antioxidant activity; Article; Crossopteryx febrifuga; DPPH radical scavenging assay; in vitro study; Lannea kerstingii; medicinal plant; Nauclea diderrichii; Nigeria; nonhuman; phytochemistry; plant leaf; savanna; solvent extraction; Terminalia macroptera; thin layer chromatography; Uapaca guineensis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84859116370	Evaluation of the antioxidant potentials of ten leafy vegetables extracts commonly consumed by the Ghanaian population	Achel D.G., Mills R., Otchere J., Seyram E., Achoribo E., Adu-Bobi N.A.-K., Donkor S., Boatin R., Adom T., Adaboro R.M., Gomda Y.	2012	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	11	2	None	Applied Radiation Biology centre, Reseach Scientist and Centre Manager Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Ghana	Achel, D.G., Applied Radiation Biology centre, Reseach Scientist and Centre Manager Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Ghana; Mills, R., Applied Radiation Biology centre, Reseach Scientist and Centre Manager Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Ghana; Otchere, J., Applied Radiation Biology centre, Reseach Scientist and Centre Manager Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Ghana; Seyram, E., Applied Radiation Biology centre, Reseach Scientist and Centre Manager Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Ghana; Achoribo, E., Applied Radiation Biology centre, Reseach Scientist and Centre Manager Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Ghana; Adu-Bobi, N.A.-K., Applied Radiation Biology centre, Reseach Scientist and Centre Manager Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Ghana; Donkor, S., Applied Radiation Biology centre, Reseach Scientist and Centre Manager Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Ghana; Boatin, R., Applied Radiation Biology centre, Reseach Scientist and Centre Manager Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Ghana; Adom, T., Applied Radiation Biology centre, Reseach Scientist and Centre Manager Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Ghana; Adaboro, R.M., Applied Radiation Biology centre, Reseach Scientist and Centre Manager Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Ghana; Gomda, Y., Applied Radiation Biology centre, Reseach Scientist and Centre Manager Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Ghana	Ten traditional leafy vegetables commonly consumed by Ghanaians have been evaluated for their antioxidant potential based on their polyphenolic and flavonoid contents. Among the plants studied the methanol extracts of Ocimum basilicum (akokobesa), and Amaranthus incurvatus (aleefo) exhibited the highest phenolic content of 16.4 mg GAE/g dw and 11.3mg dw GAE/g respectively. The highest phenolic content for water extracts were seen in Manihot esculenta (cassava; 9.29mg GAE/g dw) and Hibiscus sabdariffa (shuuré; 7.28mg GAE/g dw) and C esculanta (7.11 mg GAE/g dw). The methanol extracts of H. sabdariffa (Shuuré), Vernonia amygdalina (bitter leaves), Manihot esculenta (cassava leaves) and Ocimum basilicum (akokobesa) recorded the highest flavonoid content (FC) of 99.14 μg QE/g dw, 70.20μg QE/g dw, 70.08μg QE/g dw and 63.37μg QE/g dw respectively. For the FC of the aqueous extracts the order was; A. incurvatus &gt; H. sabdariffa &gt; Talinum triangulare&gt; Colocasia esculenta &gt; M. esculenta &gt; V. amygdalina&gt; O. basilicum &gt; Solanum macrocarpon &gt; Launaea taraxacifolia &gt; Corchorus olitorius. A good positive correlation r 2= 0.663 was observed between polyphenolic content and antioxidant values for the aqueous extracts, however, no correlation was found between flavonoids, polyphenolics and total antioxidants. The study indicates that the leafy vegetables consumed by Ghanaians are potentially rich sources of dietary polyphenolic compounds and antioxidants, and might contribute important health and nutraceutical benefits to consumers.	Antioxidants; Free-radicals; Health benefits; Leafy vegetables; Phytochemicals	Amaranthus; Amaranthus hybridus; Colocasia esculenta; Corchorus olitorius; Gymnanthemum amygdalinum; Hibiscus sabdariffa; Launaea; Manihot esculenta; Ocimum; Ocimum basilicum; Solanum; Solanum macrocarpon; Talinum triangulare; Vernonia amygdalina	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84871639533	In vitro and in vivo evaluation of antioxidant properties of Moringa Oleifera ethanolic leaves extract and effect on serum lipid indices in rat	Ogbunugafor H., Igwo-Ezikpe M., Igwilo I., Ozumba N., Adenekan S., Ugochukwu C., Onyekwelu O., Ekechi A.	2012	Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences	5	4	10.3889/MJMS.1857-5773.2012.0240	Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Faculty of Biosciences, Applied Biochemistry Department, Akwa, Anambra State, Nigeria; University of Lagos, College of Medicine, Biochemistry Department, Idiaraba, Lagos state, Nigeria; Federal University of Technology, Biochems	Ogbunugafor, H., Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Faculty of Biosciences, Applied Biochemistry Department, Akwa, Anambra State, Nigeria; Igwo-Ezikpe, M., University of Lagos, College of Medicine, Biochemistry Department, Idiaraba, Lagos state, Nigeria; Igwilo, I., Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Faculty of Biosciences, Applied Biochemistry Department, Akwa, Anambra State, Nigeria; Ozumba, N., Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Faculty of Biosciences, Applied Biochemistry Department, Akwa, Anambra State, Nigeria; Adenekan, S., University of Lagos, College of Medicine, Biochemistry Department, Idiaraba, Lagos state, Nigeria; Ugochukwu, C., Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Faculty of Biosciences, Applied Biochemistry Department, Akwa, Anambra State, Nigeria; Onyekwelu, O., Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Faculty of Biosciences, Applied Biochemistry Department, Akwa, Anambra State, Nigeria; Ekechi, A., Federal University of Technology, Biochemsitry Department, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria	Background: The pathogenesis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) linked chronic diseases such as hypertension, rheumatoid arthritis, and diabetes has warranted the intensive search for plants with antioxidant properties. Aim: The in vitro and in vivo antioxidant properties of ethanolic leaves extract of Moringa oleifera Lam (Moringaceae) and its effect on lipid indices in male albino rats were investigated. Material and Methods: The in vitro antioxidant properties of the extract were determined; while the in vivo studies involved three groups of five male rats orally administered with extract [1 mL (200 mg/kg-1)], alpha-tocopherol [1 mL (500 mg/kg-1)] and 1 mL 5% Tween 20 (control) respectively for 21 days. The effects on enzymatic antioxidants and lipid indices were evaluated. Results: Hydrogen peroxide scavenging ability of the extract was significantly (p&lt;0.05) higher than that of alpha-tocopherol. Superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were increased, while triacylglycerides and very low density lipoprotein were significantly (p&lt;0.05) lowered by the extract. Malonaldehyde levels were not significantly (p&lt;0.05) different in the extract, alpha-tocopherol and control treated groups. Conclusion: The extract had appreciable phenol content and exhibited in vitro antioxidant properties. The extract also had modulating effects on enzymatic antioxidants, showed lipid-lowering ability and caused changes in types of lipoproteins found in serum. © 2012 Ogbunugafor H.	Antioxidants; Free radicals; Lipid indices; Moringa oleifera lam; Serum	alpha tocopherol; ascorbic acid; catalase; flavonoid; hydrogen peroxide; lipid; lipoprotein; malonaldehyde; Moringa oleifera extract; phenol; superoxide dismutase; triacylglycerol; very low density lipoprotein; animal experiment; antioxidant activity; article; controlled study; enzyme activity; lipid blood level; lipid peroxidation; male; nonhuman; rat; scavenging system	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878065838	In vivo antioxidant and biochemical evaluation of Sphenocentrum jollyanum leaf extract in P. berghei infected mice	Olorunnisola O.S., Afolayan A.J.	2013	Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences	26	3	None	School of Biological Sciences, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa	Olorunnisola, O.S., School of Biological Sciences, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa; Afolayan, A.J., School of Biological Sciences, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa	Recent approach in treatment and drug development suggested that the control of oxidative stress in malarial infected patients may be an added advantage. In this study, effect of methanolic leaf extract of Sphenocentrum jollyanum pier (S. jollyanum) on liver damage, markers of oxidative stress and alteration in lipid profile in P. berghei infected mice was assessed. Oxidative stress was induced by intravenously inoculation of mice with 1 × 10 7 sporozoites P. berghei. Treatment of parasitized mice with leaf extract of S. jollyanum had a significant (p&lt;0.05) reductions in elevated levels of total protein, globulin, AST, ALT, ALP, GGT and total bilirubin, serum, kidney and liver malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations, but caused a significant (p&lt;0.05) increased in the activities of serum and liver catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) level when compared with parasitized non-treated group (PNT). The extract treated group also showed significant (p&lt;0.05) improvement in the levels of HDLc, total cholesterol, LDL and reduction in triglyceride compared with parasitized non treated group. Our results revealed that the protective capacity and antioxidant activity of the extract is dose dependant. The findings suggest that antioxidant property of Sphenocentrum jollyanum leave extract might be an added advantage to it anti-malarial activity.	Antioxidants; Oxidative stress; Plasmodium berghei; Sphenocentrum jollyanum leaves	alanine aminotransferase; alkaline phosphatase; antioxidant; aspartate aminotransferase; bilirubin; catalase; cholesterol; globulin; glutathione; high density lipoprotein; high density lipoprotein cholesterol; low density lipoprotein; malonaldehyde; plant extract; Sphenocentrum jollyanum extract; superoxide dismutase; triacylglycerol; unclassified drug; very low density lipoprotein; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; antioxidant activity; article; chemical analysis; controlled study; enzyme blood level; female; in vivo study; liver injury; liver level; male; medicinal plant; mouse; nonhuman; oxidative stress; plant leaf; Plasmodium berghei infection; Sphenocentrum jollyanum; Animals; Antimalarials; Antioxidants; Cholesterol; Female; Hepatic Insufficiency; Kidney; Lipid Metabolism; Liver; Malaria; Male; Menispermaceae; Mice; Oxidative Stress; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Plasmodium berghei; Random Allocation; Sporozoites	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77952918000	Evaluation of the efficacy of separate oral supplements compared with the combined oral supplements of vitamins C and E on sperm motility in wistar rats	Ogli S.A., Enyikwola O., Odeh S.O.	2009	Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences	24	2	None	Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria; Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria	Ogli, S.A., Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria; Enyikwola, O., Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria, Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria; Odeh, S.O., Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria, Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria	Infertility is a major reproductive and social problem with a worldwide prevalence of 10-15%. While 11.8-39.0% of infertility cases are attributable to the female, 15.8-42.4% is attributed to the male and 8.0-11.1% to unknown factors. The study investigated the efficacy of the single versus combined regimes of antioxidant vitamins C and E oral supplements on sperm motility in the reproductively matured Wistar rats. Twenty (20) male Wistar rats aged 12 weeks and weighing between 182g and 252g were randomly grouped into 4 experimental blocks (A-D) of 5 rats each. Block A rats were served combined daily dose of 90mg vitamin C and 15mg vitamin E, block B rats had no treatment and served as control, block C rats were served daily dose of 15mg vitamin E only while block D rats were served daily dose of 90mg vitamin C only; all treatments were administered for 28 days. On the 29th day, the rats were humanely sacrificed and semen analyzed for sperm motility. The study showed that treatment with vitamins C and E as single regime significantly improved (p&lt;0.01) the forward, progressive (category 'a') mean percentage sperm motility by 70 and 75 folds respectively while significantly decreasing (p&lt;0.01) the nonprogressive (category 'c') mean percent sperm motility by 8 and 5 folds respectively compared to the control mean percent sperm motility. We therefore conclude that sperm motility in the Wistar rats is significantly improved with the separate oral supplements of vitamins C and E as compared with the combined supplements. © Physiological Society of Nigeria, 2009.	Antioxidant vitamins; Infertility; Semen; Sperm motility	alpha tocopherol; antioxidant; ascorbic acid; vitamin; alpha tocopherol; antioxidant; ascorbic acid; vitamin; animal; article; comparative study; diet supplementation; drug effect; male; oral drug administration; rat; spermatozoon motility; Wistar rat; drug effects; spermatozoon motility; Administration, Oral; Animals; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Dietary Supplements; Male; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sperm Motility; Vitamin E; Vitamins; Administration, Oral; Animals; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Dietary Supplements; Male; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sperm Motility; Vitamin E; Vitamins	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84922418256	Comparative study on the impact of copper sulphate and copper nitrate on the detoxification mechanisms in typha latifolia	Lyubenova L., Bipuah H., Belford E., Michalke B., Winkler B., Schröder P.	2015	Environmental Science and Pollution Research	22	1	10.1007/s11356-014-3402-x	Department of Environmental Seienees, Researeh Unit Mierobe-Plant Interaetions, German Researeh Center for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Zentrum Münehen, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Theoretieal and Applied B