Deepa D., Achanta S., Jaju J., Rao K., Samyukta R., Claassens M., Kumar A.M.V., PH V.
State Tuberculosis Training and Demonstration Center, Directorate General of Health Services, Government of Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad, India; World Health Organization (WHO) Country Office in India, New Delhi, India; State TB Cell, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad, India; Desmond Tutu Tuberculosis Centre, Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, South-East Asia Regional Office, New Delhi, India
Deepa, D., State Tuberculosis Training and Demonstration Center, Directorate General of Health Services, Government of Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad, India; Achanta, S., World Health Organization (WHO) Country Office in India, New Delhi, India; Jaju, J., World Health Organization (WHO) Country Office in India, New Delhi, India; Rao, K., State Tuberculosis Training and Demonstration Center, Directorate General of Health Services, Government of Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad, India; Samyukta, R., State TB Cell, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad, India; Claassens, M., Desmond Tutu Tuberculosis Centre, Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; Kumar, A.M.V., International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, South-East Asia Regional Office, New Delhi, India; PH, V., State Tuberculosis Training and Demonstration Center, Directorate General of Health Services, Government of Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad, India
Background:Multi drug resistant and rifampicin resistant TB patients in India are treated with the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended standardized treatment regimens but no guidelines are available for the management of isoniazid (INH) resistant TB patients. There have been concerns that the standard eight-month retreatment regimen being used in India (2H3R3Z3E3S3/1H3R3Z3E3/5H3R3E3; H-Isoniazid; R-Rifampicin; Z-Pyrazinamide; E-Ethambutol; S-Streptomycin) may be inadequate to treat INH resistant TB cases and leads to poor treatment outcomes. We aimed to assess if INH resistance is associated with unfavorable treatment outcomes (death, default, failure and transferred out) among a cohort of smear positive retreatment TB patients registered in three districts of Andhra Pradesh, India.Methods:We conducted a retrospective record review of all smear positive retreatment TB patients without rifampicin resistance registered during April-December 2011.Results:Of 1,947 TB patients, 1,127 (58%) were tested with LPA-50 (4%) were rifampicin resistant, 933 (84%) were sensitive to INH and rifampicin and 144 (12%) were INH resistant. Of 144 INH resistant cases, 64 (44%) had poor treatment outcomes (25 (17%) default, 22 (15%) death, 12 (8%) failure and 5 (3%) transfer out) as compared to 287 (31%) among INH sensitive cases [aRR 1.46; 95%CI (1.19-1.78)].Conclusion:Our study confirms that INH resistance is independently associated with unfavorable treatment outcomes among smear positive retreatment TB patients, indicating that the current treatment regimen may be inadequate. These findings call for an urgent need for randomized controlled trials to discover the most effective treatment regimen for managing INH resistant TB. © 2013 deepa et al.
cycloserine; ethambutol; ethionamide; isoniazid; kanamycin; levofloxacin; pyrazinamide; rifampicin; adult; antibiotic resistance; antibiotic sensitivity; article; cohort analysis; controlled study; death; disease registry; drug treatment failure; female; human; India; major clinical study; male; multidrug resistant tuberculosis; outcome assessment; patient transport; relapse; retreatment; retrospective study; sensitivity analysis; sputum smear; treatment outcome; tuberculosis; Adult; Demography; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Female; Humans; India; Isoniazid; Male; Middle Aged; Retreatment; Treatment Outcome; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary