Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Hoffman Street, Potchefstroom 2530, South Africa
Du Plessis, L.H., Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Hoffman Street, Potchefstroom 2530, South Africa; Hamman, J.H., Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Hoffman Street, Potchefstroom 2530, South Africa
Aloe gel and whole-leaf materials have shown biological effects with potential therapeutic applications, and recently, their drug-Absorption enhancement properties have been discovered. It is important to establish a safety profile for these materials before they can be used in pharmaceutical products. The aim of the study was to investigate the in vitro cytotoxicity of Aloe vera, Aloe marlothii, Aloe speciosa and Aloe ferox against human hepatocellular (HepG2), human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) and human adenocarcinoma epithelial cells (HeLa). Flow cytometry was used to measure cell viability, apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The aloe gel materials investigated only decreased cell viability at concentrations of >10mg/mL and exhibited half-maximal cytotoxic concentration (CC50) values above 1000mg/mL, except for A. vera gel in HepG2 cells (CC50=269.3mg/mL). A. speciosa whole-leaf material showed a significant decrease in viability of Hela cells, whereas the other whole-leaf materials did not show a similar effect. The aloe gel materials in general showed low levels of apoptosis, whereas A. vera and A. speciosa whole-leaf materials caused a dose-dependent increase of apoptosis in HeLa cells. None of the aloe materials investigated exhibited a significant increase in ROS. It can be concluded that the selected aloe materials caused only limited reduction in cell viability with limited in vitro cytotoxicity effects. Further, neither significant apoptosis effects were observed nor induction of ROS. © 2014 Informa Healthcare USA, Inc. All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.
Aloe ferox extract; Aloe marlothii extract; Aloe speciosa extract; Aloe vera extract; antineoplastic agent; daltonmax 700; emodin; reactive oxygen metabolite; unclassified drug; Aloe; Aloe ferox; Aloe marlothii; Aloe speciosa; Aloe vera; antineoplastic activity; apoptosis; article; cell strain HepG2; cell viability; controlled study; cytotoxicity; dose response; drug screening; female; flow cytometry; gel; HeLa cell; human; human cell; in vitro study; neuroblastoma cell; phytochemistry; plant leaf; Aloe; Apoptosis; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Survival; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Flow Cytometry; HeLa Cells; Hep G2 Cells; Humans; Neuroblastoma; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Reactive Oxygen Species; Species Specificity