Suleiman M.M., Bagla V., Naidoo V., Eloff J.N.
Evaluation of selected South African plant species for antioxidant, antiplatelet, and cytotoxic activity
Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
Suleiman, M.M., Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Bagla, V., Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Naidoo, V., Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa; Eloff, J.N., Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa
The antioxidant, antiplatelet, and cytoxoxic effects of seven South African plant extracts, namely, Combretum vendae A.E. van Wyk (Combretaceae), Commiphora harveyi (Engl.) Engl. (Burseraceae), Khaya anthotheca (Welm.) C.DC (Meliaceae), Kirkia wilmsii Engl. (Kirkiaceae), Loxostylis alata A. Spreng. ex Rchb. (Anacardiaceae), Ochna natalitia (Meisn.) Walp. (Ochnaceae), and Protorhus longifolia (Bernh. Ex C. Krauss) Engl. (Anacardiaceae), were evaluated using established in vitro assays. All the extracts showed comparably low toxicity except for the extract of C. harveyi that showed high hemagluttination assay titer value, which indicates toxicity. The extracts of P. longifolia, K. wilmsii, O. natalitia, L. alata, C. harveyi, and C. vendae exhibited antioxidant properties in the qualitative assay using DPPH. In the quantification of antioxidation using ABTS, only the extracts of P. longifolia, L. alata, and C. vendae showed antioxidant activity with respective TEAC values of 1.39, 1.94, and 2.08. Similarly, in the quantitative DPPH assay, L. alata (EC50, 3.58±0.23 μg/mL) and K. wilmsii (EC50, 3.57±0.41 μg/mL) did not differ significantly (p≤0.05) from the control. K. anthotheca showed a higher EC50 (176.40±26.56 μg/mL) value, and differed significantly (p≤0.05) from all the other extracts and control. In addition, the extracts of C. vendae and C. harveyi showed significant (p≤0.05) antiplatelet activity and did not differ from the control (aspirin) with EC50 of 0.06±0.01 μg/mL and 0.19±0.00 μ μg/mL, respectively. Lower EC50 values in the antioxidant and antiplatelet studies are indicative of superior activity of the plant extract against oxidation and platelet aggregation. © 2010 Informa UK Ltd.
acetone; acetylsalicylic acid; antioxidant; antithrombocytic agent; ascorbic acid; berberine; Combretum vendae extract; Commiphora harveyi extract; cytotoxic agent; Khaya anthotheca extract; Kirkia wilmsii extract; Loxostylis alata extract; Ochna natalita extract; plant extract; Protorhus longifolia extract; unclassified drug; antioxidant; antithrombocytic agent; plant extract; Africa; Anacardiaceae; animal cell; anticoagulation; antioxidant activity; article; Combretum; Combretum vendae; Commiphora; Commiphora harveyi; controlled study; drug cytotoxicity; drug mechanism; hemagglutination test; in vitro study; Khaya anthotheca; Kirkia wilmsii; Loxostylis alata; medicinal plant; Meliaceae; nonhuman; Ochna natalita; Ochnaceae; Protorhus longifolia; qualitative analysis; quantitative analysis; thrombocyte aggregation; animal; chemistry; Chlorocebus aethiops; dose response; drug effects; horse; isolation and purification; South Africa; toxicity; toxicity testing; Vero cell line; Animals; Antioxidants; Cercopithecus aethiops; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Horses; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Platelet Aggregation; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; South Africa; Toxicity Tests; Vero Cells