Sakisaka K., Chadeka E.A., Nagi S., Mwandembo D.S., Jimba M.
Organization for Common Education, Faculty of Policy Studies, Chuo University, Japan; Department of Community and Global Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan; Nagasaki University Kenya Research Station, Nairobi, Kenya; Graduate School of Biomedical Science Medicine, Nagasaki University, Japan; Department of Social Services, Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Development, Kenya
Sakisaka, K., Organization for Common Education, Faculty of Policy Studies, Chuo University, Japan, Department of Community and Global Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan; Chadeka, E.A., Nagasaki University Kenya Research Station, Nairobi, Kenya; Nagi, S., Graduate School of Biomedical Science Medicine, Nagasaki University, Japan; Mwandembo, D.S., Department of Social Services, Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Development, Kenya; Jimba, M., Department of Community and Global Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
Background: This study aimed to examine water availability and community health before and after tube wells were introduced in a ruralwestern Kenyan community. Differences in impact among income quintile groups were quantified, and users' perceptions of their water supply measured. Methods:We conducted a two-part pre- (2009) and post-intervention (2011), cross-sectional study using structured questionnaires for mothers. Results: In total, 1391 (576 in 2009 and 815 in 2011)mothers participated.Well introduction changed the households' drinking-water source from river to ground water. The median distance to the water source was reduced by 40%(500 to 300 metres) and median collection timewas reduced by 50%(30 to 15minutes).Water consumption per household increased by approximately 20%(from 82.6 to 99.0 L) and drinking of untreated water decreased by approximately 10%. Regression analyses revealedmothers with higher monthly incomes had the highest satisfaction levels (β=0.167, p<0.001). Positive impacts were strongest among wealthier groups. Conclusions: The small-scale communitywater supply dramatically affected user hygiene behaviours and daily life. Water supply access improved from 'no access' to 'basic access'. Household connections to a water supply and hygiene education are important steps to enhance community health. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. All rights reserved.
drinking water; ground water; river water; adult; Article; child health; community care; cross-sectional study; daily life activity; female; fluid intake; health behavior; household; human; income; Kenya; mother; observational study; personal hygiene; priority journal; public health; rural area; satisfaction; social status; structured questionnaire; water availability; water quality; water supply; water treatment; wellbeing
