Jimma University, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia; Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Kebede, Y., Jimma University, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia; Gebre-Michael, T., Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Balkew, M., Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
The study evaluated the efficacy of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) and Chinaberry (Melia azedarach L.) seed oils as repellents against laboratory and field populations of some sandflies in Ethiopia. In the laboratory, concentrations of 2% and 5% neem oil in coconut oil tested against Phlebotomus orientalis (vector of visceral leishmaniasis) provided 96.28% (95% CI = 95.60-96.97) protection up to a mean time of 7 h and 20 min and 98.26% (95% CI = 93.46-104. 07) protection up to 9 h, respectively. Similarly, M. azedarach oil at 2% concentration produced 95.13% (95% CI = 90.74-99.52) protection for the same duration (7 h and 20 min), while the 5% oil gave 96.20 (95% CI = 86.98-105.41) protection for 8 h and 20 min against the same species with no significant difference in percentage protection between the two oils at 2% and 5% concentrations. In the field tests with only neem oil (A. indica) against field populations of P. orientalis and P. bergeroti, similar high level of repellencies were recorded with about the same duration of protection. Application of both neem and Chinaberry oils can be safe and low-cost means of personal protection against sandfly bites in endemic areas of Ethiopia, if the community is advised and encouraged to grow the plants abundantly. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
coconut oil; insect repellent; vegetable oil; concentration (composition); deciduous tree; fly; laboratory method; leishmaniasis; neem; repellent; article; Azadirachta indica; controlled study; Ethiopia; laboratory test; Melia azedarach; nonhuman; parasite vector; Phlebotomus; Phlebotomus bergeroti; protection; Psychodidae; visceral leishmaniasis; Animals; Azadirachta; Ethiopia; Female; Glycerides; Humans; Insect Bites and Stings; Insect Repellents; Insect Vectors; Leishmaniasis, Visceral; Male; Melia azedarach; Phlebotomus; Plant Oils; Terpenes; Ethiopia; Azadirachta indica; Diptera; Melia azedarach; Phlebotominae; Phlebotomus bergeroti; Phlebotomus orientalis; Psychodidae