Talley L., Woodruff B.A., Seal A., Tripp K., Mselle L.S., Abdalla F., Bhatia R., Mirghani Z.
International Emergency and Refugee Health Branch, National Center for Environmental Health, MS F-60, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States; Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States; Centre for International Health and Development, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Maternal and Child Nutrition Branch, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States; Tanzania Food and Nutrition Centre, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Laayoune, Western Sahara; United Nations World Food Programme, Regional Bureau for Asia, Bangkok, Thailand; United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
Talley, L., International Emergency and Refugee Health Branch, National Center for Environmental Health, MS F-60, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States; Woodruff, B.A., Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States; Seal, A., Centre for International Health and Development, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Tripp, K., Maternal and Child Nutrition Branch, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States; Mselle, L.S., Tanzania Food and Nutrition Centre, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Abdalla, F., United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Laayoune, Western Sahara; Bhatia, R., United Nations World Food Programme, Regional Bureau for Asia, Bangkok, Thailand; Mirghani, Z., United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of stainless steel (Fe alloy) cooking pots in reducing Fe-deficiency anaemia in food aid-dependent populations.Design Repeated cross-sectional surveys. Between December 2001 and January 2003, three surveys among children aged 6-59 months and their mothers were conducted in 110 households randomly selected from each camp. The primary outcomes were changes in Hb concentration and Fe status.Setting Two long-term refugee camps in western Tanzania.Subjects Children (6-59 months) and their mothers were surveyed at 0, 6 and 12 months post-intervention. Stainless steel pots were distributed to all households in Nduta camp (intervention); households in Mtendeli camp (control) continued to cook with aluminium or clay pots.Results: Among children, there was no change in Hb concentration at 1 year; however, Fe status was lower in the intervention camp than the control camp (serum transferrin receptor (sTfR) concentration: 6.8 v. 5.9 μg/ml; P < 0.001). There was no change in Hb concentration among non-pregnant mothers at 1 year. Subjects in the intervention camp had lower Fe status than those in the control camp (sTfR concentration: 5.8 v. 4.7 μg/ml; P = 0.003).Conclusions: Distribution of stainless steel pots did not increase Hb concentration or improve Fe status in children or their mothers. The use of stainless steel prevents rusting but may not provide sufficient amounts of Fe and strong educational campaigns may be required to maximize use. The distribution of stainless steel pots in refugee contexts is not recommended as a strategy to control Fe deficiency.
aluminum; hemoglobin; stainless steel; transferrin receptor; adolescent; adult; article; blood; clinical trial; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; cross-sectional study; female; human; infant; iron deficiency anemia; iron intake; kitchen; male; middle aged; mother; newborn; nutritional status; preschool child; randomized controlled trial; refugee; Tanzania; Adolescent; Adult; Aluminum; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency; Child, Preschool; Cooking and Eating Utensils; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Hemoglobins; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Iron, Dietary; Male; Middle Aged; Mothers; Nutritional Status; Receptors, Transferrin; Refugees; Stainless Steel; Tanzania; Young Adult