Wandera M.N., Engebretsen I.M., Rwenyonyi C.M., Tumwine J., Åstrøm A.N.
Periodontal status, tooth loss and self-reported periodontal problems effects on oral impacts on daily performances, OIDP, in pregnant women in Uganda: A cross-sectional study
Institute of Clinical Odontology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Norway; Department of Dentistry, Makerere University, Uganda; Center for International Health, University of Bergen, Norway; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
Wandera, M.N., Institute of Clinical Odontology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Norway, Department of Dentistry, Makerere University, Uganda, Center for International Health, University of Bergen, Norway; Engebretsen, I.M., Center for International Health, University of Bergen, Norway; Rwenyonyi, C.M., Department of Dentistry, Makerere University, Uganda; Tumwine, J., Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Åstrøm, A.N., Institute of Clinical Odontology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Norway, Center for International Health, University of Bergen, Norway
Background: An important aim of antenatal care is to improve maternal health- and well being of which oral health is an important part. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of oral impacts on daily performances (OIDP) during pregnancy, using a locally adapted OIDP inventory, and to document how periodontal status, tooth-loss and reported periodontal problems are related to oral impacts. Methods: Pregnant women at about 7 months gestational age who were members of a community based multi-center cluster randomized community trial: PROMISE EBF: Safety and Efficacy of Exclusive Breast feeding in the Era of HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa, were recruited in the district of Mbale, Eastern Uganda between January 2006 and June 2008. A total of 877 women (participation rate 877/886, 98%, mean age 25.6, sd 6.4) completed an interview and 713 (participation rate 713/886, 80.6%, mean age 25.5 sd 6.6) were examined clinically with respect to tooth-loss and according to the Community Periodontal Index, CPI. Results: Seven of the original 8 OIDP items were translated into the local language. Cronbach's alpha was 0.85 and 0.80 in urban and rural areas, respectively. The prevalence of oral impacts was 25% in the urban and 30% in the rural area. Corresponding estimates for CPI>0 were 63% and 68%. Adjusted ORs for having any oral impact were 1.1 (95% CI 0.7-1.7), 1.9 (95% CI 1.2-3.1), 1.7 (1.1-2.7) and 2.0 (0.9-4.4) if having respectively, CPI>0, at least one tooth lost, tooth loss in molars and tooth loss in molar-and anterior regions. The Adjusted ORs for any oral impact if reporting periodontal problems ranged from 2.7(95% CI 1.8-4.2) (bad breath) through 8.6(95% CI 5.6-12.9) (chewing problem) to 22.3 (95% CI 13.3-35.9) (toothache). Conclusion: A substantial proportion of pregnant women experienced oral impacts. The OIDP impacts were most and least substantial regarding functional- and social concerns, respectively. The OIDP varied systematically with tooth loss in the molar region, reported chewing-and periodontal problems. Pregnant women's oral health should be addressed through antenatal care programs in societies with limited access to regular dental care facilities. © 2009 Wandera et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
adult; article; breast feeding education; clinical trial; community care; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; cross-sectional study; dental care; female; gestational age; halitosis; health program; human; interview; major clinical study; mastication; molar tooth; multicenter study; oral impacts on daily performances; periodontal disease; periodontics; pregnant woman; prenatal care; prevalence; rural area; scoring system; self report; tooth pain; Uganda; urban area