Bhuiyan M.A.H., Islam M.A., Dampare S.B., Parvez L., Suzuki S.
Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh; Chemistry Division, Dhaka Atomic Energy Center, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh; National Nuclear Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Legon-Accra, Ghana
Bhuiyan, M.A.H., Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh; Islam, M.A., Chemistry Division, Dhaka Atomic Energy Center, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh; Dampare, S.B., National Nuclear Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Legon-Accra, Ghana; Parvez, L., Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh; Suzuki, S., Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
An integrated approach of pollution evaluation indices, principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) was employed to evaluate the intensity and sources of pollution in irrigation and drinking water systems of northwestern Bangladesh. Temperature, BOD, chemical oxygen demand (COD), Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Pb levels in most of the water samples exceed the Bangladesh and international standards. The heavy metal pollution index (HPI) and degree of contamination (Cd) yield different results despite significant correlations between them. The heavy metal evaluation index (HEI) shows strong correlations with HPI and Cd, and gives a better assessment of pollution levels. Modifications to the existing HPI and Cd schemes show comparable results with HEI, and indicate that about 55% of the mine drainage/irrigation waters and 50% of the groundwaters are moderately to highly contaminated. The CA, PCA and pollution indices suggest that the mine drainage water (DW) is contaminated by anthropogenic (mining operation and agrogenic) sources, and the proximal parts are more contaminated than the distal part. The groundwater system in the vicinity of the coal mine site is also heavily polluted by anthropogenic sources. The pollution status of irrigation and drinking water systems in the study area are of great environmental and health concerns. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.
Evaluation index; Heavy metal pollution; Irrigation waters; Principal component; Principal Components; Chemical oxygen demand; Cluster analysis; Coal mines; Contamination; Groundwater; Groundwater pollution; Heavy metals; Heavy water; Irrigation; Manganese; Manganese compounds; Manganese removal (water treatment); Metal analysis; Metals; Mining; Oxygen; Pollution; Potable water; Wastewater disposal; Water resources; Water supply; Waterworks; Principal component analysis; cobalt; copper; drinking water; ground water; heavy metal; iron; lead; manganese; nickel; anthropogenic effect; anthropogenic source; biochemical oxygen demand; chemical oxygen demand; cluster analysis; coal mine; drinking water; environmental impact assessment; groundwater; hazardous waste; health risk; heavy metal; irrigation; mine drainage; pollutant source; pollution monitoring; principal component analysis; water quality; water temperature; article; Bangladesh; biochemical oxygen demand; chemical oxygen demand; cluster analysis; coal mining; environmental health; irrigation (agriculture); physical chemistry; principal component analysis; temperature; water pollution; water quality; Agriculture; Algorithms; Bangladesh; Cluster Analysis; Coal Mining; Hazardous Substances; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Metals, Heavy; Principal Component Analysis; Trace Elements; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Pollution, Chemical; Water Purification; Water Supply; Bangladesh