Sani Y.M., Musa A.M., Yaro A.H., Sani M.B., Amoley A., Magaji M.G.
Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacology, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Ahmadu Bello
Sani, Y.M., Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Musa, A.M., Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Yaro, A.H., Department of Pharmacology, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria; Sani, M.B., Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Amoley, A., Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Magaji, M.G., Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
Cissus polyantha is used in African traditional medicine is the management of pain and inflammatoiy conditions. This study was therefore designed to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatoiy activities of the methanol extract of the leaf of Cissus polyantha, as well as to establish the class of phytochemical constituents present in the extract. The analgesic effect was studied using acetic acid-induced writhing and hot plate tests in mice, while anti-inflammatoiy effect was investigated using carrageenan-induced hind paw oedema in rats. The results ofthe study showed that the extract significantly (50, 100, 200 mg kg-1) (p<0.001) and dose-dependently inhibited acetic acid-induced writhing. The extract at dose of 100 mg kg-1 increased the mean pain responses by 69.25% compared to control. At the end of third hour after carrageenan administration, the various doses of the extract offered 65.67, 70.15 and 67.16% inhibition of hind paw oedema, respectively. These effects were more remarkable than those produced by ketoprofen (63.8%). Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of steroids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and anthraquinones. The intraperitoneal mean lethal dose (LD50) of the extract in mice was estimated to be 774.6 mg kg-1. The findings of this study showed that the methanol leaf extract of Cissus polyantha contains some pharmacologically active principle(s) with analgesic and anti-inflammatoiy activities and lend credence of the ethnomedical use of the plant in the management of pain and inflammatoiy conditions.
acetic acid; analgesic agent; anthraquinone; antiinflammatory agent; carbohydrate; carrageenan; Cissus polyantha extract; flavonoid; glycoside; ketoprofen; methanol; pentazocine; plant extract; saponin; steroid; tannin; triterpene; unclassified drug; analgesic activity; animal experiment; animal model; antiinflammatory activity; article; Cissus; Cissus polyantha; controlled study; dose response; drug dose comparison; drug screening; drug structure; female; hot plate test; LD 50; male; mouse; nonhuman; pain; paw edema; phytochemistry; plant leaf; rat; toxicity testing; writhing test