Agu P.U., Ogboi J.S., Akpoigbe K., Okeke T., Ezugwu E.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria; University of Camerino, Department of Experimental Medicine and Public Health (Malaria and Human Development), 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy; Soc
Agu, P.U., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria; Ogboi, J.S., University of Camerino, Department of Experimental Medicine and Public Health (Malaria and Human Development), 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy; Akpoigbe, K., Society for Family Health, Garki Abuja, Nigeria; Okeke, T., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria; Ezugwu, E., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria
Introduction: Malaria and hookworm infections are common in sub-Saharan Africa and they increase the prevalence of anaemia in pregnancy with resultant poor pregnancy outcomes. This study was carried out to assess the impact of Plasmodium falciparum and hookworm infections on the frequency of anaemia among pregnant women in two rural communities in Enugu, South East Nigeria. Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was carried out in a total of 226 women attending antenatal clinics at two rural Primary Health Centres (PHC) from April 2011 to July 2011(each PHC with 113 subjects). Socio-demographic data were collected through a structured questionnaire. Blood and stool samples were evaluated for haemoglobin estimation and malaria parasites, and stool samples examined for parasitic infection in all the women. Data was analyzed using STATA 10 software statistical analysis package. Student t-test was used for comparing mean values and chi square test for comparing categorical variables and level of significance set at p<0.05 and logistic regression was used to identify the risk factors associated with malaria in pregnancy Results: The mean age of the women was 27years with range 18 - 38years and SD of 5years. Most of the women were housewives and over 50% in their second trimester. 53% of them had malaria parasites while 27% had hookworm infection. About 40% of the women were anaemic (haemoglobin <10g/dl). There was a significant difference in mean haemoglobin (0.84g/dl) between those with malaria and without malaria (p < 0.001). Similar association was found between hookworm infection and anaemia (p <0.001). Though both malaria and hookworm infections greatly increase the odds for anaemia (AOR 18.06, CI 18.15 -39.99, P<0.001) and (AOR 5.28, CI 2.26 -12.38, P<0.001) respectively, the odds for having anaemia in pregnancy was higher for malaria than hookworm infections. Conclusion: Plasmodium falciparum and hookworm infections have significant impact on the high frequency of anaemia in pregnancy in our rural communities. There is need to strengthen the control program that has been in place with an integrated intervention to combat these parasitic infections in our rural communities, with mass distribution of antihelminthics as one of the included relevant methods, among others. © Polycarp Uche Agu et al.
hemoglobin; adult; anemia; article; blood sampling; cross-sectional study; descriptive research; disease association; feces analysis; female; health center; hemoglobin blood level; hookworm infection; human; major clinical study; malaria falciparum; Nigeria; Plasmodium falciparum; pregnant woman; prevalence; risk factor; rural area; second trimester pregnancy; social aspect; structured questionnaire