Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
Blignaut, J., Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Van Heerden, J., Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
South Africa's unallocated water resources have dwindled to precariously low levels. Furthermore, it is generally recognised by the authorities and specialists alike that it is likely that water demand will outstrip water supply within the next decade. Macro-economically and strategically speaking, the question therefore is how to make best use of the country's available water resources? We ask this question since South Africa is a country classified as having chronic water shortages, a condition exacerbated by climate change and the presence of invasive alien plant species. In this paper we address the question of sectoral water allocation by applying a macro-economic comparative static Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) Model using an integrated database comprising South Africa's Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) and sectoral water use balances. We refer to AsgiSA, the South African Government's Accelerated and Shared Growth Initiative for South Africa, and conclude that introducing the proposed programmes in a business-as-usual and water-intensive manner will strengthen the current growth in the demand for water. This will bring forward, or accelerate, the need for introducing water rationing among sectors. The importance of this conclusion cannot be emphasised enough. Water is essential, and recognised in as much in the preamble to the National Water Act of 1998, with regards to livelihoods, health and from a socio-economic development perspective since there are no substitutes for it. While water rationing is imminent, the reality thereof has not yet led to a rethink of macro-economic policies. This delayed effect can create a degree of comfort and ill-founded complacency leading to non-action, whereas there is an urgent need for proactive measures towards water conservation.
Alien plants; AsgiSA; Available water; Business-as-usual; Comparative statics; Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model; Computable general equilibrium model; Delayed effects; Economic development; Economic policies; Growth initiatives; Integrated database; Low level; matrix; Non-action; Proactive measures; Socio-economic development; South Africa; South African government; Water Act; Water allocations; Water demand; Water scarcity; Water shortages; Water use; Climate change; Competition; Economics; Forestry; Planning; Water conservation; Water supply; Water supply systems; Water resources; comparative study; economic development; economic growth; equilibrium; general equilibrium analysis; water availability; water demand; water resource; water supply; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa