Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria; Pharmacotherapeutic Group, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
Adibe, M.O., Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria, Pharmacotherapeutic Group, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria; Ukwe, C.V., Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria, Pharmacotherapeutic Group, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria; Aguwa, C.N., Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria, Pharmacotherapeutic Group, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
Objectives: To evaluate the impact of pharmaceutical care (PC) intervention on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: This study was a randomized, controlled study with a 12-month patient follow-up. The study protocol was approved by the Research Ethical Committees of the institutions in which this study was conducted. A total of 110 patients were randomly assigned to each of the "intervention" (PC) and "control" (usual care [UC]) groups. Patients in the UC group received the usual/conventional care offered by the hospitals. Patients in the PC group received UC and additional PC for 12 months. The HUI23S4EN.40Q (developed by HUInc - Mark index 2&3) questionnaire was used to assess the HRQOL of the patients at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. Two-sample comparisons were made by using Student's t tests for normally distributed variables or Mann-Whitney U tests for nonnormally distributed data at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. Comparisons of proportions were done by using the chi-square test. Results: The overall HRQOL (0.86 ± 0.12 vs. 0.64 ± 0.10; P < 0.0001) and single attributes except "hearing" functioning of the patients were significantly improved at 12 months in the PC intervention arm when compared with the UC arm. The HRQOL utility score was highly negatively (deficit ≥10%) associated with increasing age (≥52 years), diabetes duration (>4 years), emergency room visits, comorbidity of hypertension, and stroke in both PC and UC groups. Conclusion: Addition of PC to UC improved the quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes. © 2013 International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR).
adult; article; cerebrovascular accident; chi square test; comorbidity; controlled study; disease duration; emergency care; eye disease; female; follow up; human; hypertension; longitudinal study; major clinical study; male; Nigeria; non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus; patient care; pharmaceutical care; priority journal; prospective study; quality of life; questionnaire; randomized controlled trial; rank sum test; Student t test
