Department of Chemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya; School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Priv. Bag X54001, Westville, Durban, 4000, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, University of Swaziland, P/Bag 4, Kwaluseni, Swaziland
Kiptoo, J.K., Department of Chemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya; Ngila, J.C., School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Priv. Bag X54001, Westville, Durban, 4000, South Africa; Silavwe, N.D., Department of Chemistry, University of Swaziland, P/Bag 4, Kwaluseni, Swaziland
A solid-phase extraction procedure using mini-columns packed with Chelex-100 and two new chelating agents based on poly(vinyl chloride) functionalized with 3-ferrocenyl-3-hydroxydithioacrylic acid and N,N′-[1,1′-dithiobis(ethylene)]-bis(salicylideneimine) (H2sales) loaded on microcrystalline naphthalene, is reported. The columns were used to separate labile copper fractions in model solutions and in real samples with subsequent determination using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS). Various model solutions containing 20 μg L-1 of Cu2+ and 0.0, 0.2, 2.0 and 20.0 mg L-1 of humic acid, respectively, and buffered to pH 6.0, 7.0 and 8.0 were considered. Results showed a decrease in labile copper fraction with increase in humic acid concentration. Application of the procedure to speciation of Cu, Ni, Zn and Pb in various environmental water samples yielded labile fractions in the range of 1.67-55.75% against a total dissolved fraction of 44.08-69.77%. Comparison of the three chelating agents showed that H2sales had a weaker metal chelating strength than Chelex-100, but PVC-FSSH had comparable chelating strength to Chelex-100. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
3-Ferrocenyl-3-hydroxydithioacrylic acid; Chelating agent; Chelex-100; Labile metal fraction; N,N′-[1,1′-dithiobis(ethylene)]-bis(salicylideneimine)
3-Ferrocenyl-3-hydroxydithioacrylic acid; Chelating agent; Chelex-100; Ferrocenyl; Labile metals; Absorption spectroscopy; Atomic absorption spectrometry; Biological materials; Chelation; Chlorine compounds; Copper; Dissolution; Enzyme immobilization; Ethylene; Heavy water; Lead; Metal recovery; Metals; Naphthalene; Organic acids; Polyvinyl chlorides; Zinc; Extraction; 3 ferrocenyl 3 hydroxydithioacrylic acid; chelating agent; copper; humic acid; lead; n,n' [1,1' dithiobis(ethylene)]bis(salicylideneimine); naphthalene; nickel; polyvinylchloride; river water; unclassified drug; zinc; aqueous solution; chelation; copper; extraction method; humic acid; speciation (chemistry); article; atomic absorption spectrometry; chelation; complex formation; concentration (parameters); controlled study; dissolution; heavy metal removal; metal binding; metal extraction; pH; solid phase extraction; waste water; water treatment; Chelating Agents; Copper; Environmental Remediation; Humic Substances; Ion Exchange; Metals, Heavy; Polyvinyl Chloride; Resins, Synthetic; Solid Phase Extraction; Water Pollutants, Chemical