Wakawa R.J., Uzairu A., Kagbu J.A., Balarabe M.L.
Seasonal variation assessment of impact of industrial effluents on physicochemical parameters of surface water of River Challawa, Kano, Nigeria
Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Department of Biological Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
Wakawa, R.J., Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Uzairu, A., Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Kagbu, J.A., Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Balarabe, M.L., Department of Biological Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
The physicochemical characteristics of the River Challawa in the Kumbotso Local Government Area of Kano State were studied across four seasons (warm and dry, cold and dry, hot and dry, and warm and wet seasons) between October 2006 and August 2008. Physicochemical parameters like pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDSs), total suspended solids (TSS), alkalinity, turbidity, hardness, dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia, chloride, nitrate, sulfate, and phosphate were analyzed and compared with standard permissible limits. The mean range of parameters determined across the seasons revealed: 8.36-8.59 for pH; 209.57-335.27 μS cm-1 for EC; 134.05-208.5 mg L-1 for TDS; 182.4-273.45 mg L-1 for TSS; 125.3-276.07 mg L-1 for hardness; 16.11-40 mg L-1 of CaCO3 for alkalinity; 2.76-3.78 mg L-1 for DO; 1.9-43.33 mg L-1 for BOD; 231.67-310.06 mg L-1 for COD; 221.67-441.67 mg L-1 for turbidity; 17.98-35.89 mg L-1 for chloride; 5.12-8.89 mg L-1 for nitrate; 37-558.83 mg L-1 for sulfate; and 0.47-0.81 mg L-1 for phosphate. Data showed that all parameters determined were significantly different among the various sampled sites across seasons. With the exception of COD, EC, and phosphate, all other parameters determined were within the WHO and USPH standard limits. © 2010 Taylor & Francis.
Biological oxygen demand; Electrical conductivity; Industrial effluent; Local government areas; Nigeria; Physicochemical characteristics; Physicochemical parameters; Sampled sites; Seasonal variation; Sediment quality; Total dissolved solids; Total suspended solids; Wet season; Alkalinity; Biochemical oxygen demand; Chlorine compounds; Dissolution; Dissolved oxygen sensors; Effluents; Electric conductivity measurement; Electric conductivity of solids; Hardness; pH effects; Sedimentology; Sewage; Turbidity; Dissolved oxygen; electrical conductivity; hydrochemistry; industrial waste; pH; physicochemical property; sampling; seasonal variation; sediment analysis; surface water; turbidity; Challawa River; Kano [Nigeria]; Nigeria