Okoro I.O., Umar I.A., Atawodi S.E., Anigo K.M.
Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru Zaria, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
Okoro, I.O., Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru Zaria, Nigeria, Department of Biochemistry, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria; Umar, I.A., Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru Zaria, Nigeria; Atawodi, S.E., Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru Zaria, Nigeria; Anigo, K.M., Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru Zaria, Nigeria
Objective: An earlier anti-hyperglycemic study with crude extracts of Cleome rutidosperma indicated aqueous extract as the most effective. The present study was undertaken to in part identify the potent antihyperglycemic fraction from the aqueous extract of the plant, using bioassay guided fractionation. Methods: Aqueous extract of C. rutidosperma were fractionated to obtain chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, methanol and aqueous fractions, which were tested for antidiabetic activity using acute Streptozotocin-Induced diabetic mice model. Further fractionation of the more active methanol fraction yielded 1st sub-fractions I- IX. The more active of these 1stsub-fractions were further re-fractionated to give 2ndsub-fractions (2SFC1 and 2SFC2). The more active of the 2ndsub-fractions (2SFC1) was purified further using preparative thin layer chromatography (TLC) and the resultant fractions (TLCFIC and TLCFIIC) were tested in vivo. Results: The methanol fraction of C. rutidosperma significantly (p < 0.05) reduced blood glucose more than the other fractions, while the most active 1st sub-fraction from in vivo studies in mice was, chloroform: methanol (5: 5). Also, the more active of the 2ndsub-fractions was: 2SFC1. The preparative thin layer chromatography (TLC) results from in vivo studies indicated TLCFIC to be the most active. Conclusion: The observed antidiabetic activity of the plant may be as a result the phytoconstituent of the plant. Therefore the fractionated component could be a new source of development of new plant based therapy for management of diabetes. © 2015, International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. All rights reserved.
alkaloid; carbohydrate; cardiac glycoside; Cleome rutidosperma extract; flavonoid; glibenclamide; plant extract; saponin; steroid; tannin; triterpene; unclassified drug; animal experiment; animal model; antidiabetic activity; Article; bioassay; controlled study; fractionation; glucose blood level; LD50; male; nonhuman; phytochemistry; rat; streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus; thin layer chromatography; toxicity testing